Очерк истории казахской советской литературы

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h (tHMbKjiopHaH TCMaTHKa, na KOTopyio b npe^bwyiUHe roAH 6wi co3Aait p«A nbec. OflHaKO ApaMarypra hobux ru>ec ira (JxvibK.iopnoM MaTepnaae 8 noc-ieBoemitie roau He co3AaaH, orpaiiH'iHBiuHcb nepepafioTKoil cbohx npeJKimx npon3BeaeHnii. r. MycpenoB, 3naiHTeabHO y.iymiHB, nepepaOoTa.’i cuoio nbecy «Ko3u-Kopneia — Basm-Cay*. MeHee yaaiHO HCiicwibaoBaii <(>ojibKAopnbifl Marepnaji b hobom Bapnaii- Te nbecbi III. XycaiiHOBa «AjiAap-Koce». Kax h npeacae, nbeca narmcaHa b ycaoBHOM roiaHe, Bocrpoena na Biiemiiefi KOMeAHHHOCTH, r.aaBHufi nepconaw ee— AaAap-Koce (6e36opoabift oSMaimuix) — HBJisreTCH cnenxoM c ycjroB- H0-CKa3O4Hbix repoeB MHorHx BOCTOHiibix npHKJnoqeH'iecKHX hoboji.1, 3aTefi- iihkob H ocTpocjioBOB, jiobko oaypaiHBaioiiijix rjiynoro xaHa, ero npHABop- PaCKpuTHe o6pa3a b ApaMaryprHH HMeeT cboio cneUH<J>Bxy. «noACxa- 3biBaaHe», aBTopcKaa onHcaTejibHaa xapaKTepHCTHKa nepcoiiaweS 3aecb HCK-'noaeiibi. Ochobhhm cpeACTBOM xapaffTepHCTHKH a HHAHBHflyajrH3auaa o6pa3a HBJiiierca peab caMoro repoa (kocbphho oh MOweT xapaKTepiraonaTi,- ca raxwe b peiuiiinax Apyrax nepcoHawefl). CpeACTBaMH npaMofl peaa nep- coiiawefi nepeaaiorca ocnoBHbie xawecTBa AeflcTByiomax ami. CHH3Aue3eatB«aIhnITxpboaxkrMavi'aaiSeBTTcyOHTpMUBrMy,HycrhbaaoytoaifneihHiptoTecTbah,eAnpppHaaacfoBouoOuiTHw,ap—MHcoTxH3baHApeacaranKoaaT,aenAppx.HTaMaopaial.TxbhTIa'eeohpMpabyhKhhoH,ocfSTpi,pa(—3JoymrMyarysehpmebrsaicparax,iibooaceGoTccuobe-.,

Tarayrbaroro mowho rojibico cn.'ioft S3bwa, TiuareAbHbiM orCopoMHa>i6o,iee Kpenkax. tohhux cjiob...*19. 3 3'OioBo Ha cueiie neceT Ha ce6e MaKCHMa.ibnyio HAeiiKO-xyjowecTBeH- Hyioaarpy Ky, nosTOMy OopbOa 3a Bbrpa nre.ibKOCTb, OoraictBo h roiHOCTb asaxa—3to 6opb6a 3a CMbica, 3a HanCoviee SMOUHOHaabHoe k ySeaHieab- noe BUpaxemie hach nbecu. ApaMaTypr AoaxceK H36erarb iienoHBTHbix 3am, HeyaaiHbix oCopoTOB, pbixaux ij)pa , aaTpyAHinouiHX muc.hi, Hapy- mnawx Annamhhhoctd p33biithh aeflcTBHa. HcnuTbiBaa OaaroTBopHoe bjihhhhp luaccHqecKOii pyccKoS ApaMaryp- n«, yxacb Ha ayqtuHX o6pa3uax nbec xyAoiKHiiKOB Bcex HapoAOB Haiueii cipaau, nccTOHHHO cipeMBCb k OBaaaeiiHio ctowhum wanpoM ApanaTyp- raa,xa3axcKHeApaMarypra nocreneHHo ocBoCowAatorca or hmcbuihx pause *nu sHanMiejibHUx hcaoct3tkob b h3likc ntec,oraojKHoro poMaHTH3Ma,pn- ropflXH. Ohh 6ojiee ywe-io HaqaHaiOT crpoarb AHaaor, H36eraa npewiiHX aihhhux THpaa, naTeTHiecKHX MOHO.ioroB cb npocrpaHCTBO», or Koropbix BesLioycaoBHOCTbio h AetuiaMaunefi. Taxofl HeAocraroK 61*0, b qacrHocra, cBoScrBeiieH eme npesaie.My BapHaHTy nbecu T. MycpenoBa «AuaHreabAbi». «hShm Ha yjimie nerepGypra: cXlpyrHe xaaaxHcqHTaioT oOaaarejibHUMno- toarb b MeKKe, skoSu a-ih oCecneqeHHH G.iara b noTycTopoHHeMMHpe. 51 3a6oracb o 3eMH0i! WH3HH, npHexaa He b Memcy, a b CTO.rauy, hoc ne- HaBKCTblo CMOTpHT Ha MeilH 3AeCb OKHa CpciaeTKaMH H3 KaMCHHUX HHH1. MuouinCaeMCH, owiiaanot TBMHoii hohh CBera, or qepHoro KaMHHcoqyBcr- oaa, Tpe6ya paBeHcraa y Tex, kto He CMHiaeT aac paaiiUMH. Mu Bee eme «ra6aeMca!...». B t3khx nbecax, nan «Hpy»c6a h aio6oBb», «jVUuijiHOHep», cLUera, owib!>, «H(5paBAjiniiicapHH», b hobomBapHanrenbecu «AMaHrenbAU», jio- rsmeecrajia cBH3b AHaaoroB,AOCTarHyra HHAHBHAyajiH3aiufa»3MKanepco- »a»efi.d3biKno-HacToameMycraji BbincuiHSTb cpvhkuhiohxxapaKTepHcniKH. Pe3Ko oTAHqaeTca, HanpHMep, H3HHUiHe caMoyBepeimaa peub Teabrapbi or cnoKOHHoii, paccyAHTeabHOfi pe>iH aKcaxaaa JKanaca hah yGewAeHHoft npaBAHBofl peqn Apuana b nbece «U,BeTH, crenb!». Koraa Teabrapa OTKa3aa- canpacyrcTBOBaTb Ha coOpaHHH, rAe Ao-meu 6u.i oGcywaarbca noiiufi MaHpaOoTbi Koaxo3a, h koaxo3HHKh pemroiHnpoBecTH coGpaHHe 6e3Hero, OB, OCTaBUIHCb OAHH, rOBOpHTt «HAHTe, KpHKyHbl, HAHTe! CoOHpaa HBac, KO- K>crop, koto c a<mhh, b .hoah biib u Chtumh crajm—TaxAypHTbHaqa- «. Hy hto * ! He 6yay a Teabrapofi, ec-ra HeAOKawy, hto na Tbrcaqy bo- PobHyacen oahh cokm h Ha Tuciraibift kochkhvjkch oa«h B.o*aK». B sroii npHHUHHHaJibiiocri, ii TBepaocTb b cbohx HaMepeniiax xapaKrepH3yeT Pro. Apwana, HaKomi'iiiyio a npHMyio. BucayuiaB no Te-'ieifiOHyyrpo3y iioa- aepwiiBaiomero Teawapy cexpeTapa paSaoMa >Kai!cu;iUKona, ApMaii ro- *°pnr: «a CKaaa.i, qro rr.ianTe.MHp6eKoaa BpeAon.Jla, 3TOMoev6e*AenHe... KJ1HpaiioH ero noAAepHCHT, nee paBHO». rapuoHHpyeT c HeGaaroBHAiiHM BoBeaeHiieM MupKa-ia b nbece «/lpy*Ga h jiio6oBb» ero HecnoaoCiiaa, ny- raHaa peqb. Bo B3BOAHOBaHHoft pemi Ba0Manana («Mn.'i.naoiiep») npKo opoBBaaercH qpe3MepHaa ropsqnocTb ero xapaKrepa. B nbece «AMaHte.ib,ibi» H3biK0BHMH cpcACTBaMH xopoiuo nepeAaeTcn ABypyuiHHqecKaa cyiUHOCTb a-tatuopAbmacB. npeAaiomnx napoa,noweJiaio- “Bix KaaaTbCH ero 3auwrminaMn; ohh roeopaT BbicoKonapuuM bbijkom, WrpeSHHsi BiiTHeBarue, iip-CTucrbie ifipasu. Raanaqeime xoropijx Kax mojk- »o Gojibine 3anyraTbn3.iaraeMyio Mbicah. 3aecb hcvihbh ne BcnoMHHn, caoea fopbieoro d rtpauAa Tpefiver npocrorbi, Jio>xb— caohhiocth peqn.

. OanaKo B HeaopaCoiKH. 06iuhm hiTtobopht KaK^paBHao, cbhiukom npHr.iaweHHbiM, hbjihiiihp paccyaoiHUM, K3K 6bi aeKaaMauHoiiHLiM 93MKOM. ApabiaTyprH JIHUiaiOT HX pelb HHflMBH- ayaabHux ocoSeHHOcrefl, orpawaiouwx cBoeodpa3He xapaKTepa aefiCTByro- ihhx aim. rioroMy b noaaBaaioiueM do.ibUiHiicTBe nbec jiyquie HHAHBHflyajw- 3HpoB3Ha peib BTopocreneHHbix nepconawefi. 3tot HeAOCTaroK npiicym h jryqmeii no a3HKy nbece «AManre.ib,nb!» I'. MycpenoBa. B arafi nbece aBTop crpeMHTca npujiaTb CBOeodpasne pe'ia b ochobhom BTOpocTenemibiM nepco- HawaM a aodiiBaeica ycnexa. flpaMaTypr tohko nepeaaer HeKOTopue oco- denHOCTH ynoTpedaewia cremibiMH Ka3axaMH odmeOwTOBbix pycCKHX c.'iob, nepcHSTbix y nepece-icHueB, KaK «HCTOKMa», «3ApacTH», «wa3HK neTy* u t. n. JIpKO HHAHBHayajiH3HpoBaH H3bm KeTe-da-rupa. OfliiaKO crpcMjieiiHc K HH»HBHflyajiH3aitBH a3UKa b nbece «AManrejibAu» HHoraa npnodpeTaer caMOAaBjieioinHft xapaarep a HHoii pa3 npiiaaer ppmh nepcoHawefi neyMecT- IIU0 no xoay aeflcrena KOMeflniiHbitt orreuOK. Tali, qpe3Mepno qgcroe noa- TopeHHe TeM we Kere-daTbipoM cjiob snofirriK-mopTiK», «nax-nax». «nafl- nafta h ApyrHX HacrpaHBaer 3pHTeJisi Ha KOMe/iiitiiioe BocnpHBTHe Bcex ero peqefi, qTO ne Bceraa cooTBeTCTByeT cuemnecKOMy MoMenry. OaHoodpa3HUM a ynpoin.eHHhiM’»3biKOM roBopar nepcoHawn nbecu III. Xycaimoiia «BeceH- hhS BeTep*. 3aecb eaaa jih He Bee ncpconawa ynoTped.'iaiOT cioBa-napa3H- ra, KOTopue He odoramaioT peqb, a sacopaioT ee. HanpHMep, MoStuk na3bi- BaeT Xopaan «TOMnaK Kbi3» (npHMepno «KopoTbiuiKa»), Miiorue nepcowaxcK pyraioT IUafiMyxaHa TaaaMH CJiOBaMH, KaK «ma6aapcapbi» (npuMepHO «puwe-Cy-ianbi0») a ap. /Ijih xapaaTepacTHKH Biieranefi, noKa3Hofi «nyjib- rypHOCTH» CarHjibi (koithh Ai-h IUykh 113 «KajiHHOBOfl pourn* A. Kopneii- qyaa) apainaTypr ynanao BKjiaAbiBaer b ce yCTa TaKne nbipawenna, Kaic «acneuiKeHci3» (crrauKH) 6ap Ma?». «He mowho* h a p - Ho nanpacHo oh b toA we nbece odurpuBaeT iieKoropue pyccaae cnoBa b BocnpaaTHH He 3Ha- lomeft pyccKoro aamca kojix03hhuu. HeKOTopbie apaMaryprH 3.'ioynoTpe6aaiOT raxiKe caMooneHO'iiiHMH th- paaaMHnepcoHawefi kjik npHMOjiHHefinofi oueHKOfi oahhx AefiCTByiomax jimt apyrHMH. TaK, HanpaMep, nocTynaeT r. MycTaipiiH b nbece «MnJuiHOiiep», KaK 6u He AOBepaa 3pHrejiio, qHTaTejno, 6oacb. hto ohh caMa He cymeiOT noHa-Tb, oueHHTb odpa3ti. H sto He cjiyqafino. HepeAKO, He yuesi BbinenHTb BneqaTJiaiouwfi, «roBopaiuHfi» caM 3a ceda o6pa3, ApaMaTyprii npH6eraioT k KOCBemiofl ero xapaK-repHcriiKe. B npoH3BeAeHaax Ka3axcKoii ApaMaiyprHH B ochobhom pajpaCatbiBaeT- ca Kojixo3Haa TeMaraKa. B caMoe nocjiewiee BpeMH co3flaHU nnoii3Be,ienhsi TejiJiHreHixHa, hmnbKO nbecbi «flpy»6a h jiioGobb* A. AfmtueBa, «Ha ---------- aa», 1957) III. XycamioBa noCBameHM 10AecaTH JIET H3BecTHaa po6ocn> h y3ocrb TewaraKH nbec CKaSMBaioTca n s tom, hto OTflejibHbie ApaMaTypra BpamaioTca b Kpyry pa3pa6arbiBaeMbix iimh oahhx h Tex we TeM. A AoHiueB b DCHony nbecu «flpyw6a h jnodoBb* nonowBa cboio nosecTb «Mojioaoe noKoneHHe*. a craweT nbecu «Enmiaa ceMba q He KOTOpbix MOMewrax cxoaeii c cioweTOM ero nbecu TpHAHarax roaoB <r>Ko.q j F. MycraijiHH nbecy «MHjijmoiiep» coaaan Ha ocuoBe csoefl oaho' >3aseeHacTHTeOAHM0.oaeTnMOCa,XBwOehHCAoTC6HTanB.eOaefjalBoej«HrUroexBKBeOpTeTHmO, paeuTrxebnM:ntoooTi-.HHmBOoaBwxOhcMoy«,ModrHpa.BaynnmdjiowHajTiOeHb.HeCeHmpOoDnMkpHer»H.praH.HnaMeenecbvMHc3bTOiaaTMTcpfpainHopaHHoyaa--, reapaMarypr npnAaji

B Ka3axcK0(i ApaMarypniH HaKonjieH onpeaeaeHHbiS no.io*Hre-ibHbifi «niiT,3Tor waHp Bee fionbnie aKTHBHSHpyeTCH; co3AaHHe Taanx nojioxtHTejib- bhjo6pa30B, KaK Apwaa ACaa.ioa h JKaHac («UBeTa, crenb!»), Cayjie (<flpy»(6a h Jiio6oBb»), AManre.-ibau, MoKan a HSpafi b oAHOHMeHHbix m>e- caxKwopHT o ee cepbe3Hux aocthwchhhx. PaciimpnercH Kpyr pa3pa6aTU- 06saeMuxapaMarypraMHtcm, co3aanu ntecu o coBpcMeHHocTH, HeropHie- aoMnpoULnoM, c (JxuibxaopHofi TeMaTMKoS. noBbimaeTcn Haeftno-xyaowecT- aeasuSypoBeHb ApaMaTyprHuecKHX npoH3BeflenH0, BuaBHraioTca HOBwe aB- mpcKHeHMeHa. ZlpaMaiypra iiapsmy c iibecaMHco-wio t aHSperroaah onep: «BHp*aii h Capa* X. flwyxiajmeBa, «A6afl» M. Ayaaoba, «JIyAapaftj- A. XaHrejibAHHa h H. Horoxiiiia, cuenaptni aah khho: «flwaM6y,i», «3ro t o a «UIyivie» A. TaxaiCacna, «/IcByiu«a-A)KHrHT» IU. XycaHHOBa « B.ASu30Ba, «Ilo3Ma o aio6bh» T. MycpenoBa. Co3aanbi 3a nocneanHit roa m>cchi H. Aaona h H. UiTeBsa dlo taie- xfflocepaua*, 3. lUauiKima (b coaBTopcTBB c M. r<wiwi6flaTOM) tCrenHoe Mpeeo* o peBOJiioiwoHepe, repoe rpaxtaaiicnoA boBhu, n-aaMCHHOMficwibme- 33roToxame BoKHHe; m>eca A. TajKHGaeaa «Maiipa» o aHaweiiHTOH tobh- te; nbecu III. XycaHHOBa «Biepa H ceroAH», A. A6mueBa «3aBHCTb» h <Kn>Mod oxeu,?» o Hauieii coBpeMCHHod AeScraHTexbHocTH. Baoioia;ie M. Ay33oea Ha III cr.e3.ae Coio3a couctckhx imcaTcned Ka- JaxciaBa Shah 0TMe>ieuu onpeaeaeimue aocrHweHHH, nojio*HTeabHbie cro- POHum>ec Ka3axcKHXApaMaTyproB, a Taxwc npoanaananpoBaiiu iieAocraT- ffl 3HXnpHHHHbl. 3a.ioroM ycneuiHoro pd3bhthh KasaxcKoft apaMaiyprim b SyAyweM wraerca to, tto apaMaryprii ynopno cTpeMurcaknpaBAHBOMy oTo6paweHKto *32Hn, k npeoACuieiinio HeAOcraTKOB, OB-iaaemiio Tpy«HUM AHTeparypiihiM xXHpoM. Heab3B 3a6biBarb, wo waHp ApawaTypniK poah.icb b Ka3axcRofl aropaType ToabKo nocae Oktb6ph. IToa OaaroTBopiibiM BAii>inneM pyccKofi orepaTypu, b nocroaHHOM npouecce B3aHMoo6orameHHB co bcbmii 6par- ®3«h AHrepaTypaMH nasaxcKaa apaMaTypraa pacieT h coBepuieacTByerca. KparHaa H AHiepaiypoBcAcnae B nocjieBoeiiHuii nepiioA Ka3axcxoe coBercKoe AHTeparypoBeAeHHe i< *p«THKa aKTHBHO pa3BHBa.racb, Hapaav c wiioroaiicJienHbiMH craTbaMH. ““CBameHBbiMH BonpocaM Ka3axcKo» jiHTeparyphi, mmiyTca crafiH.ibHbie rieoimKii no hctophh aaTepaiypbi ajih cpcahhx uikoji, iioBue KHara, Mono- fpaitiaaecKHe HCCAeaoBaaaa o Tiiop'iecrBe KpynHeiiuiHx AopeBo-iiouiioiriiux 3oobctckhx ncsTOBHnacateJieii. Bbiiu.’ma cBer: nepBbifl tom «Hctophh aa- 33XckoS AHTepaTypbi®, nocBflmeHHbid (lio-ibKiiopy (1948), «Oic-pK hctophh “ •axcKOfi cobgtckoS .nnepaTypij* (1949), «OuepKH Ka3axcKofl aapoAnoA “ paa coBBTCKOfi anoxH» (1955). MHoroaacAcimue TpyAH o TBopaecTse A«aa, H. AjiTUHcapmia, C. Topafirbipona, /IwaMSy.Ta, M. Ayaaoaa. C. My- “ POBa, r. MycpenoBa, T. MycracJiHiia h t. a. OcoOeHHo ray6oKo6uao HccjieAOBaHOTBOpaeCTBO BejiHKoro xa3axcKoro “ wa-aeMOKpaTa A6aa. Pa3HOCTopoiiHe, c MapKCHCTCKo-aenHHCKHX noaHmid «\"uuenu ero MacTepCTBopeajiHc-ra, H3biKno33HM, ero cb»3h c pyccKoii jih- reParypo8, c Ka3axcKn.11HapoaiibiM tbophcctbom, ocBeiuenw HaeaHO-naniTH-

qecKHe, <J)ioioco(t)CKHe, neAarorHqecKHe B3tahau, eosjWHa TBopaecKaH 6norpa quin (HCCJieflOBaHimM. Ay330Ba, X. ilwyMajiHeea, C . MyKanoBa, M. CuAb- •reHKo, B. UIaaa6aeBa. A. >KHpeH'iHiia, H. XlioceiiGaeBa, 3. AxMeTosa. K. BeficeMtweBa, X. Cyiomirajmcaa n ap.). MonorpacpHqecKHe rpyau M. Ay»30Ba o *H3HH h TBop<iecTBe AGaa npeACTaBAnioT coGoh Rpyrnicfluiaii BKJiaa b coBeTCKoe jurrepaTypoBeAeHHe. B GoAbinoM HCcJieaoBanaH X, A>ky■ wamieoa «Ka3axcxaa no33Hsi AoaGaeBCKoro nepacaa h H3ux no33HH AGaa* (1949) craBBTCH BajKiiefinrae Bonpocu iiauHOHa.ibHbix TpaaHiuiS, CBocoGpa- 3H8 aGacBCKOH n033HH, HOBaTOpcTBa H npeeMCTBeHHOCTH, TBOpueCKOii yieGb- y pyccKHX KaaccHKOB, pojih AGaa B co3aaHHH Ka3axcKoro .raiepaTypHorc aauxa. B oparHHaabHoB MOHorpatpHH M. C. CHJibMeHKo «TuopaecKasi Gho- rpa4>HB AGaa* b HayiHow acnexTe npocjiexteH TBopaecKH® nyTb noaTa. cpaBiiHTeabHo c xaaccHiecKHMH ripoiBBefleiiHHMH noSTOB BocToxa H3yieH0 ero HacAeAHe. B 3th roAH 6hjih HaflAeHU hobhc MaTepHaAM h MOHorpad)H>iecxH hc- caeAoaaHO tbopbcctso MaxaMGera yreuHCOBa, CyATaHMaxayAa Topaftru- pcba, HGpaa AjTTHHcapHiia, CaCHTa /JoiieiiTaeBa. HeKoropue Bonpocu hcto- pHH AOpeBOAlOUHOHHOft H COBeTCKOfi AHiepaTypbl OblJIH peuienu B CBH3H c AeraabHbiM H3yaeHHeM no33HH napoflHoro akwha H>KaM0yAa (cTBTbH n khh- rn M. OeTHcoRa, E. HcMaHAOBa, H . Cmhpiioboh, C . MyKaHOBa, K- 3c.ihh- cxoro, A. Ta*i(6ae)ia, C. BeraAHHa). 3HanHTeAbHbiM bka3aom b Ka3axcKyic coBercKyio (JioAbKAOPHCTHKy, b H3y<ieiiHe TBop'iGCTBa HapoAHUx xaaoxcKHX aKbmoR h HMnpoBioaTopoB BBHAacb Monorpar|)Ha E. McwaH.iOBa .AxblHbl*. pocraBAeMbi BaxcHbieTeopeTHnecKHe Bonpocu, CBH3ainibie c H3yqeimeM hcto- pHH itapoAHOii no33im h neceH anunoB Axa.wGyjia, Hypnenca BafiraHHiia. Hcu BaftaaxoBa, Ouapa lUmiHHa. B nocaeHoeHHufi nepHOA Ohuia cocraBAena naymaa 6ii6.raorpa<|)Ha no ycTHOMy TBOp’iecTBy, AopeisomomioHHoS a cobctckoB AHTepaTypaM: H. Ca- 6htob «BH6AHorpaij)HTCCKHHyKa38Tejib no Ka3axcKoii AHTepaTypes — 1862— 1917 rr. (H3A. 1948 r.); AGafi. BH6jinorpa<i)K'iecKnfi yKa3aTP.ii, npoH3BOAe- hh0 A6an h AHTeparypHux MaTepaajioB o HeM, ony6nHKoBaHHux 3a 1889 — 1945 rr. (Ha Ka3axcKOMh pyccKOM a3uxax, H3A. 1946 r.); B M. CnflCAb- hhkob «BH(5jiHorpaij)HMecKHft yKa3aT<yibno Ka3axc«OMy vcthomvTBop'iecTHy*. sun. 1 (h3a. 1951 r.); T. A6eToB «EitGjiHorpa<|>HtiecKHH yKa3aTejib no na3ax- cko8 COBeTCKOfi nmepaType* — 1917— 1946 rr. (h3a . 1947 r.). HapnAy c MOHorpa^nqecKHmh HccnefloeaHHaMH cbhACTe.ibctbom pocTa Ka3axcKoro AHTeparypoBeACHHn h kphthkh b 3th toau aeaAHCb naymibie H3AaiiHfl, co6pamis coimieHHfi BbiaaiouiHxca ikwtoq h axuHOB, o6pasnoB na- poBHcro TBopnecTBa. Oco6yio ponb b stom curpan HHCTHTyT nsuKa h jiHTe- paTypu AKaaeMHHHayx KaaCCP, Koropuft noAroTOBH.i H3Aairae c.o'iHHeriHft A«an KynaHfiaeBa, flwaMGyna flacaGaeBa, HypneHca BaftraiiHHa, Hcu Bafi- 3axoBa, MaxauGeTa yTCMHCOBa, CaGm-a /loneHTaeBa, CyaTaHMaxMyna To- pafirupoBa Bumnn b cBeT o6pa3uu repomecxoro h anpo-snoca: «Ko6aaH- ,Eli;Tap™ H». «Ko3u-Kopneui — BaaH-Cay», .AjinaMuc., «AflM3ii-IIIoAnaH», «Ku3-)KH6eK», a raxwe HapoAHue cKa3KH, nocnoBHuu h noroBOpKH. Bee 3th maanHH Guam cna6*eHU nayniUMH kommchtbnanvi, H IipeaHCAOBHHMH. w PeryAnpHO Hawn H3flaBaTbca «yienue 3anHCKH» diHAOAorHMecKHx xaibeap By30B, «H3bccth« AH KasCCP., buuiah HaviHbie Tpyuu no *STbK- Aopy h coBercxoftAnreparype, cGophhkhcraTe®o TBOpnecTBe AGan h iI*aM- Gyna, cGophhkh .Bonpocu xaaaxcKo® coBeTcxoft AirrepaTypu., .Hexoropue nonpocu KaaaxcxoS AHTeparypu,. .CGophhk cTareft o xaaaxcxoR AHrepary- pe», «PyccKHe o xa3axcxofi Anreparype*, .ITepBaa Ka3axcxax anonea*. Bee

CcepbesHUMii cian>HMHno nonpocaMaiiTepaTypbi BbicrynajiHlie rckiib- Wkphthkh, ho h iiMcaTejiii— M. Ays30B, C. MynaHOB, I'. MycpenoB, A. Ta- *»6aeB. UIiipoKO HaBeciHUMHcoBeTCKofi oOuiecTueiiiioCTii cTaiioiinren Bbierynjie- omM. Ay330Ba, Koropue oriiHHaioTCii rayOoKofi noCTanoBKofl Coabunix npo6- pca.ni3Ma, B3aiiM0B.iiiiiHi!H yiiiTepaiyp, orae-iwibix wanpoB He To.ibKO maxcKoft, ho h m b .iiireparyp HapoaoB CCCP, b tom qacae pyccKOii: M. AyasoB HBH-ica oahhm H3 aBTopoB aon-iana «Xy.ioiKecTBenHb!e nepeBo- »“ iKiepaTyp Hapoaos CCCP» Ha II Bcccohmkom cr.e3.ie cobctckhx mica- raae& (1954). Oil we Bbicrymi.i c aoKaanox Ha riepEofi BcccokmhoS kohcJic- P*buhh BocroKOBeaOBb TamneiiTC b 1957 rojiy. Akthbho yiacTByioT b jnrrepaTypHOfi xhbhh pecnyBjniKii JiirrepaTypo- “ AUh KpHTHKii E. Hcm8hjiob, M. KapaiaeB, M. raSjwuiHH, B. KeiiweOaen, T-HypTa3Hii, 3. UlauiraH, K. ZtwapMara»i6eroB. C. Cchtob. B nocaeaimo roAMb 3tot orpha BoiuJiii tianoAHe CHJIH—A. HypKIITOIl, C. KupaSacB.

T. AjiHMKyjiOB, M. HyficeHOB, T. A xtshob, 3. KaGjioJiOB, A. AjiHMinaiiOB, K. HypMaxaHOB, M. Capcexeea, K. KyrrufiaeB. T. KaKHiueB h Apynie. B pa3BHTHH Ka3axcK0fl jiHTepaTypHOfi kphthkh Gojibiuyio noMOUlb oxa- auBaiOT pyccKHe nHcarejm, jiaTepaTypoaeau, Koropbie H3aaBiia hbasuihci. AKTHBHbiNjH nponaraHAHCTaMH AOCTHweHHft Ka3axcKoft JiHTepaTypu. ilpysLn Ka3axcKofl jiHTepaTypu, BuaaiomHecH pyccxae nHcaTCJiH A. <Paaeeii, JI. Co- teies, B. ropSaTOB, Be. HBaKOB, K. Chmohob nocBHiuaJiH MHorne crarbH h Aooajihi BonpocaM p33bhthh Ka3axcxofl JiHTepaTypu, ocofieimo cobctckoto nepHpaa. JlHreparypoBeabi h kphthkh 3. KeapHHa, M. <J>eracoB, H. Cmhp- Hona, K. 3ejiHHCKHfi, M. Ohjilmchko, B. CanejibHHKOB, E. JlrayHOBa, A. Ma- jiobhmko HCCJieflyrornpofl.ieMbi hctophh xasaxcKofl JiHTepaTypu. CoBMecTHbri) TpyApyccKHXh xasaxc.KHxjiHTepaTypoBeaoB— ojiiia H3 6jiaropoanux TpaAH- hhB. powAeHHbix HauieB snoxofi, HpKOe CBHAeTeAbCTBO GpaTCTBa AByx jih- repaTyp. B Ka3axcTaHe KHBer h tpvahtch Gojimhoh otpha pyccKHXmicaTejiefi — Apy3eB KasaxcKofi JiHTepaTypu. CpeAH hhx: aBTOpu pOManoB H. UJyxoB («ropbKafl jihhhh», «HeHaBHCTb»), H. Ahob («AK-Me«ieTb», «KpuJibH necHH»), JJm. CHermi («B ropoAe BepHOM*); AeTCKHft nncaTe-ib-HaTypajihct M. 3BepeB; oiepKHcru: H. 3BepeB, O. MaiiKeBHi, H. riHiyrHH, A. KHHHHiia, nepy KOTOpux npmiaiwejKaT nepaue oiepKii o uejiHiie, nosnu H. Thtob, A. CeMeiioB, <t>. MopryH, JI. KpHBomexoB. Hx TBOpnecTBO He TaibKO Tecuo CBS3ano c jKH3iibioKa3axcTana, oho HeoTAejiHMoot nepeBOAHecKoft Aeirrejib- hocth, aKTHBHOfi nponaraiiau npoH3BeAeHHfi Ka3axcKoA JiHTepaTypu cpejtii pycrKHx, a 'iepe3 hhx h epeaw ncecoio3HUx 'mTaTCJieH. A. Hmcojibcxasi — OAiia H3 nepeBOAiHKOB iia pyccKiifi H3HKpouana «A6afi», cthxob MaxaMGe- TaV'TeMHeopa; H. Ahob nepCBOAHTqaerb poMana «riyTb A6an», T. lUapnno- Ba— poMaH A. CapceiifiaeBa «PoHCAemiueHaBOjraax*, A. Bparaii — BTopyio KHHiy«LLIkoau 3KH3HH* C . MyKaiicjBa, JI. MaKeeB— Ka3axcxne h ySrypcKHe Akthbho pasBHBaioTCH b Ka3axcxOH coBeTCKoft JiHTepaType Bee >«anpu —or paccKa3a ao snonen, ot jihphhcckhx CTHXoTBopeHHfl ao hosm; uihpoko npeACTaBjieHM b nefi ApaMU h komcahh Ha coBpeMeHiiyio h HcropH'iecKyio TeMaTHxy, oaepnH h nyfi.iHUHCTH'iecKHe cTaTbH, JiHTeparypHO-KpiiTimecKHe peueii3HH, npoCjieMHbie CTaTbH, oG3opu h MOHOrpa<J>H<iecKne HccjieaoBaiiHs b o&aacTH .HHTepaTypoBeAeHHH. OGpa3 nojiojKHTejibHoro repoa-crpoHTeJiH oopua 3a HOBoe, 3amHTHHKa Poahhu, noBaropa h TBopua — Beaymafi o6pa3 a npoHSBeAeHHux o coBpeMeHHocTH. OrpoMHa 3a6oTa KoMMyHHcra<iecKofi napTHH o pa3BHTHH coBercKOfl jnrrepaTypu. B nocneBoemiue toau 6bUlH ijphhhtu HCTopHMecxne pemeiiHH napTHH no Bonpoca.MAirrepaTypbi h HcicvccTBa (1946 — 1948), b nap-raRHoS nenaTH Gujih ony6jiHKOBaHU BawHefluiHe craTbH o coctohhhh h P33bhthh AHrepaTypu, o coiwajiHCTHHecKOM pea.iH3Me, pa3o6jiaqeHa «TeopHH GecKOH- HcT0BH'ieCKHe PemeHHH XX cbeaaa, Hapecrnoc nocraHOBaenHe UK K1ICC o jihkbhmuhh nocjieACTBHfi KyjibTa jihhhocth onpeAejiHjin ho- •buS noA-beM Bcefi coBeTCKOii jiHTepaTvpu, ee AajibHeftniHfi pacuBeT, venem- Koe CToGpaxieHHe repoHiecKHx noABHroB coBercKoro Hapo.ia—crpoHTejin KOMMyiiHCTHMecKoro ofimecTBa. B BbicTynAeHHflxH. C. XpymeBa «3a Tecuyio cBaab JiHTepaTypu h hckvc- ®Wl,3.llbl0 «apoA» hcho h rjiyGoKOctJiopMyjiHpoBaHbi 3aAa<iHMiiorOHa- mBiia'b,'0r' C0BCTCK0\" \" T0M MH<yie HKa3axcKofi JiHTepaTypu, onpcae.iena

. - e names comra-'iiicTH'iecKOft jeflcTe«Te/ibHO- ipnoH yCeaHTejibBOnoKa3HBa.nH BejiHKyio npeo6pa30BaTejibHyio Jiex- coBercKoro napoaa, 6jiaropoACTeo era crpeMjieHH0 h ueaefl, bh- — -opaabHbie natecrBa. Bucuiee Ha3Haieime -niTepaTyphi h HcnyccTBa— n>Hapo.a Ha 6opb6y aa HOBbie ycnesii b CTpoHtejibCTBOK0MMyHH3-

fl)KAMByjI flWABAEB OflilHM M3 h|)km* CBMaerejifaCTO 6ypHoro pocTa b coseiCKyio snoxy iia- I'UAHoft H033HM, KOTopas no Be.'iHKoB 0nra6pbCKOH coutia.-iHCTH'iecKoii pe- •ojiiouhh naxoflM.ia.\"!i b oxoBax naTpuapxaabHO-ijieoaaabHoro crpoa, cayxtHT luopqeeKHH nyrb uc-iKKana Ka3ax0K0ii bo33hh axbma ilwaMfiyaa. TBopiecTBo A*aM6yj7a, 85 aer CBoefi >KU3HH nocBnrimiiiero iio33HH, TOCBO CBH3ai!0 C ofiUieCTBCHHO-nOJIHTHieCKOfl H ayXOBHOH >KH3HbK> Ka3ax- cxoro Hapoaa. Amur Cun HOCHTeaeM HCHCiepnaeMoro CoratCTBa h .aparo- UeHHblX COKpOBMIU HapOflHOrO THOP'IC- CTBa, b KOTOpoM B leieHHe BexoB 3a- neqaT.iena.'iacb HCTopniecxasi >KH3Hb na3axcKoro napo/ia. Bmcctc c TeM oh MacrepcKH coieTaa jiymiiie TpaAHiuiH poAHoro (J>ruibKjiopa c tpiahhhhmh co- eeTCKoii .'iHTepaTypu. Ho flwaMCyji, KOTOpblft B CBOHX AOpCBOJIIOmiOHHHX neCHflx caeaoBaa jiyqinHM npHMepa.M T3KHX BbtAaiOlUHXCH aKblllOB-OSjlHMH- Teaefl, xax CyioMCafl, h npoaBna cBoe noarHaecKoe /tapoBawie b Miioro'mc- .leiiHUx aimjcax, to.ilko npa cobgt- ckom cipoe craji BceunpHOh3bbcthi»im “ * r nepeaoBbix cTa-rbnx ra3exu «npaBaa». nocBsuueHHbix nepBoft n.e- xane xa3axcKoro HCKyccrBa1 h tbop- BecTBy fiejiHKana iiapojwoit bo33hh J)KaM6yaa2, b npHBeTCTBHHM. H. Ka- .'iHHHHa npH BpyqeHmi opaonoB Aesrre- Jiim xasaxcKoro HcxyccTBa H Jinrepa- Typhi,3 BbicoKO ouemiBaeTca MacTep- ctbo axbiHa. KoMMyHHCTHHecKaa napTMM npoa- Bioia oco6yio 3aCory o cranoBjieiiHM n pa3BHTHH nosraqecxoro Ta-nairra neBua cobstckoR anoxii. Taaera «ripaB- Aa» aeoAHOKparHo ny&aHKOBajia Ha cbohx crpanHHax npoH3BeAeiiHn flwaM- rax.a.

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503MBropra. B tskom npanoAHHTOM HacTpoeimii KyJiMaM6er iiepBUM 3a- jmctJbKaM6yjia: HacMemxaMH naa axunoM-cotrepHHkom h ero poaoM, iiobuihmh nox- saa«H(SoraTCTBy H MoryiueciBy CBoero pojta Ky/iMaMGer nuraerca no- jaBaiba cjioMHTb Moaoaoro /I*aM6yjia. OAaaxo BepHbiiS TpaaHUHBMCy- CMejiuft npaBjuiBHfi fl*aM6yji we pacTepsJica. Oh noer o repoaa- »efejupoB CBoero poaa: B afiiucax fl*aM6y.napeajiHCTHxecxHorofipaweHU TOJibKObio Hapow- 5a«*uaeca KanHTajiHCTiiiecKite othouibhhm, SBJiHBuiHeca nporpeccHBHMMR •MBxasaxc-Koft ctoih xonua XIX h na'ia.'ia XX BexoB. BasiM, My/uraM, cyn- ,aBaii, xoTopbix BocxBaaaaHKyJiMaMficT, Cap6ac h flocMaraMfier, flxaM- fya BpoTHBonocTaBoixeT npocJiaivieiiHbix b Coax c 3axBai^HxaMH CaTupoB KspacaHa, CypaHUiH, Caypaxa, saiUHipaiiuiHX Bee xa3axcxHC poau. O h c ropxocTbio BocneBaer xx. KpoMe roro, axuHct3bht b tipHMeprex neaoBbix •WaeS, xorophie cipeMHics x 3HaiiHK), ocBaHiiaioT3eMjre4an«e, aaimMaxrrca ’oproMefi. Akuh BociopateiiHO ronopHt o hoboSropoacKofl hotchh, o Apy*-

B paHHHX Bbicryn.ieHHHX (aawe c KyJiMaMGeTOM) aKHH He Mor ewe BblfipaTLCil H3 paMOK 6blTOBblX H POaOBHX afiTbICOB. BOCXBaJIHH CBOfl poa IXIanpauiThi, aawe MHoro*wcacHHbifi poa Jlyaar. oh He pa3aeaaeT ero Ha couHajibiiue oioh. Octpo pa3o0jia>iaa KyaiaaMGeTa, a raxwe GaeB, <t>eoaa- JIOBero poaa, aabiH lie tobopht o tom, <ito TaKHe we Henacbiriibie b3hto-i- hhkh, riopaOoTHTeviH, yr.HCTare,'i)i 6biJiHh b ero poay. TaKOBOcaowHoe npo- THBopcme b MHpoB033peHHH aKbina (|>eoaa.ib!io-naTpHapxa.HbHoro ayaa. A htuc JIwaMGyaa c CapGacoM ywe noaHHMaexca iia ypoBeHb snHiec- khx no3M, B HeMHeToniioCTOpOHHero BOCXBaaeiiHH ueaoro poaa. B HeMboc- neBa’eTCH naTpnoTH3M poaa LUanpauiTU, repoH'iecKHe noaBHrH 6aTbipoB CypanuiM h CaypUKa, KOTopbie npoaBaa.ra mvwoctbo h OTBary bo hmh cbo- Ooau h He3aBHCHMocTH cBoero Hapoaa. TaKHM o6pa30M, raaBHMMii 3aee.» npoxoaHT Haen naTpH0TH3Ma, 3awHrbi poaHofi 3eMJiH. B cocra3aHHH c ZIocMaraMCeTOM (1902) flwaM6ya eme rnHpe OXB3- TWBaeT oOmeCTB'eHiiyio wi!3iib Toro BpeMeHH, OTpajKaeT coiwaabiioe nepa- BeHCTBO, K.iaccoBbie npoTHBope'iHH. AiiTbic npoiiHKiryT mothb3mh 6opb6u npoTHB yrHeTaTe-ieil\" ot nero BeeT awxaHHeM napoaiioro rHeaa. B afiracax H>KaM6yjia, Koropbiii oKa3UBaa ocoGoe npeanoHTeHHe reMC repoHqeCKofi GopbObi Hapoaa, ayBCTByerca Morviasi ciuia ero MacrepcTBa. KHnyaaa snepnia h awxaHHe CBewiix hybctb. Bbiaaromneca aKbiHW-HMnpo- BH3aTopbi CyiOMGaii, KaxaraH, lllowe b xoae aiirtjca no-pa3HOMy xapaK- TepH30Baan cnay CBoero MacrepcTBa: rioaoGHaH TpaaimHOHHaa caMoxapaKTepucTHKa aKbiHOB npHoGpeTaeT y flwaMGyaa HOBbie Haeitobie otreiiKH. K apcenaay bthx TpaaiiniioHiibix snH- TeTOB ZiHOMOy.T CTaa npHCOeaHHBTb eme OaHH, OM’OHb BaWHhlii H OTHblHC oGHjaTeibiibifi MOMeiiT, npH3BaiiHbiii xapaKTepH30BaTb aHpmecKOro repoa ero no3THaecKHX BbiCTynaeHHft. B H3o6paweHHn JJxtamGyaa HapoaHbiBahuh npeacTaB-ien Be tojilko coaoBbeM, napawHM b neGe cokojiom, Gvphum top- hum rroTOKOM, coKpyuiaiomHM npoTHBHHxa h t. a., oh_Garap, Gopeu 3a HapoaHoe ae.io. Hmchho noaroMy cboh necHH .UwaMGya ynoaoGaaeT Bce- Hcnenejiaiomeil MoaiiHH, liceoGwuraioiiteMy GypHOMy naaMemi, ocrpHio bohii-

aoS hhkh, coKpyuiaiomefl BparoB napoaa. B caMOM noaCope sthx Tep- hhbob CKa3biBaetca apocTHbifi Soesoft ayx ero noarmecKHx BbicryiuieHHfi, repora ofimecTBBHHofi 6opb6u. Ha noamHecKOe HcxyccTBO erabutch b oahh pan cosceMHapyrHMii opyanaMH 6opb6u. On ynoaoCaseT cboh necHH fiyniyio- ffie«y Mopio, caoBa— CaecHyBUieS moahhh hah MoryicMy yparaHy, ot- TOHeHBOMy Cyi0M6aeM KHHWajty. TaKHM o6pa30M, flacaMfiya, roeopa o cede K3K o 6opue, noaHepKHBaeT hto oh—aiam-Bomi, BocneBaromafi re- pomecxyio 6opb6y Hapoaa. Kohwho, hothbu repoH'iecKoS 6opb6u itecpaeiiHMo 6om>nree Mecro 3a- HHMaiOTb ero TBOpaeciBe cosercKoro nepHoaa, h HaeflHoe BonaomcHiie hx 3Mcb sHaiHieabHO rjtydwe. Pa3yMeeTca, He Bee xyaowecTBeHnwe ofipaau, racaioiUHeca noSTHieCKOit aBTOxapaxTepHCTHKH axuHa hah o6pa30B 6op- aoo, ocHOBHBaioTca y AxcaMfiyaa Ha MoroBax repoKHecxofi Oopbou; y Hero BcrpeyaiOTca h npiicviune HapoAHoS AHtepaType cpaBiieiiHH c coAOBbeM, cokoaom, -ryanapoM. Ero afiruc c CapOacoM HacuweH H3o6pa3HTeAbiibiMa cpeacTBaMH, xapaxTepubiMH aah 6ora™pcKoro snoca npouixoro. BaopeBOAKiUHOimbie roflbi noaraiecKaS TaAanr AwaM6yAa Oha ckob3h, bkhh noaBepra.ica roHOHHHM, noBTOMy He Mor coiflaeaTb KpynHbix noAoreH. 0TpyaHOCTax, nepeHeceHHbix axbiHOM, o avxobhom mere, KOTopbiB oh hc- nuTMBa.i, MorvT cbhactcabCTBOBaTb HCKoTopbie diaKTU K3 ero WH3HH b ne- paoj 1913h 1916 toaob. B 1913 roAy AweTbicyficKas yesAHaa aAMHnacTpanHa npHxaaaAa ape- crooart ueayx> rpynny HapoAHbix axwHOB 3a to, hto ohh 0TK33aAHCb boc- »BAaTb h npeB03iiocHTb b nccHax uapa b cbs3H c npa3AH0BaiiHeM Tpex- coweniH AOMa PoMaHOBbix. mhhobhhkh nbiiaABCb ao6hti>ch CBoefl unjm, 03A€BaAHCb HaA 3peCT0B3HHblMH, rp03HAH HMCMfpTbiO. Bo BpeMa napoAHO-ocBoGoAHTeAbHoro ABHaceiwa 1916 roAa ye3AHoe MiBAbcroo, noiiHMaa, no iiapoAHbie axuHH HBAaiOTca caMMMH aBiopHTer- “hmharHTaropaMH 3a Boccranae, taKJKe apecTOBaAO OoAbiuyio rpynny axbi- *0B, h noA yrpo30fl penpeccafi norpeOoBaAH ot hhx BocxsaAemia uapcxoro opfiBHieAbCTBa h ero yxa30B. OfliiaKOAwaMfiya oTKasaaca BumuiHHTbsto TPcdo8airae h, bmBah na boaki. caowha cboh H3BecrHue npoH3BeAeHiia ^epBbiS yxa3» h «rieciia rueBHoro cepA«a», rAe oh pa3o6Aaiaa yraeTaTe- •]e9, caaBHABoccraBoiHX. Bo MHorax necHHX axuH VKa3biBaA Ha couHaabHoe HepaBeHCTBo, ®°dpa)KanraweAyio KH3Hb Ka3axcKoS 6eaHora. Bee sto, CraycAOBicooOo- M\"'— onbrr. B ycAOBiiax dieoaaAbHo-narpHapxaAbHoro ofiuiecTBa *«aM6yA e HMea bo3M03Khocth BCTynHTb Ha nyTb peaAHCTHaecKoro oto6- H3HH, HOnpBBAHBblH nOXSS OTAeAbllbIX CTOpOH OKpy>K3tOIUCH

aeflCTBHTejIbllOCTH HarneA Bbipawemic b aflTweax c mothbom repoit- qecKofl 6opb6bi Hapoaa. BejiHKaa OKT«6pbCKasi couHaAHCTHqecKan peBOAroumi pacKpenoCTHjia TBOpqecKyio 3HeprHio Macc. no CBHtfercjibCTBy CBepcraHKOB, fl*aM6yji BMecTe c TpyaoobiM napoaoM iipmiHMaa aKTHBHoe yaacme b ycraHOBJieHHH h yKpenaeiiHH CoBereKoii BJiacra na Meerax. B nocranoBJieHHH JlweTbicyficKorooOaacTHoro hoioahh- Te.ibHoro KOMHTera o co3biBe caera napo,iHbix aKbmoB 1919 roaa yKa3HB,i- viOCb: «AKbIHbl CMOryT JOCTyilHhlM fllis Macc H3blK0M C03flaib flAH TpyAOBO- ro Hapoaa cthxh h necHH, Bbipawaioiuiie oOmccTBcmibie imeii h iiporpaw.M. KoMMyiiHcnmecKoA napTHH»u. Ha stom Caere, cocroHBiueMcn b m;k 1919 roaa, npHcyrcTBOsaa h B ocymecTBJieHHH npoBOAHMbix KoMMyHHCTH'iecKoft napraeft pesoaio- UHOHHbix MeponpHaTHfi 'B ayaax flwerucy itoctosihho yaacTBOBaain /S*aM- (5yji, Ketfen h apyrae Hapoaiibie aKbwu. HaeftHOMy pocTy AxaMGyjia no«o- ra.iif peBO-'iioiiHOHepbi h pyKOBoasnUHe napTHHHbie paCoTHHKa A;ma-ATK: BmiorpaaOB, Toxaui Bokhh h jipynie. /I. OypManoB npn Bcrpcqe c aKi.moi: b 1920 roay aaBaa eMy ueaiibie coBeibi, o 'ieM HwaMOy.a roBopHT n toaray «BcwibuieBHCTCKaa npaBaa*. PeuoaiouHomibie npeoOpaaoBaimn n Ka3axcKHX ayjiax, yKpenaeime co- BCTCKoro capon, yiacrHe Ka3axoKHX TpyasmiHXCH b oSmccTBCHHO-nojiHTii- qccKoii 3KH3HH, csepHienne BAbcth yrneraTCAeft, 6e3ycaoBHo, oxasbiBaAii CHAbHOe BAHBHHe Ha OypHblA pOCT TaAaHTOB Hapoailblx aKbIHOB. «OT3ByKP Okth6ph rp'CMHT b MoeA ayuie>, — roBopHT AxtaMOya. Oh BbicTynaa Ha cofipanHHX TpyaoBofl Geaiiorbi, npoxoaHBiBHX b 1922— 1924 rcaax b A.iMa-Are, b KacxeACHCKOM, KacreiccKOM, KypaaftcuoM, y3yH- AraacKOM paAoHax, na Bbifiopax b cobctu, tia OxrafipbCKHX TopwecTBax. rae caaraA HOBbie necm, corperae auxaHHeM hobux HaeA, npnifeceiiMbtx CoBeiCKoA BAacTbro. TBopqecTBO JhxaMGyaa oxa3biBaA0 orpoMHoe bahhhhc Ha ero cBepcTHHKOB-aKbiHOB KeHena, YcnaHTaa, CasaHAH, yMGeraAH, koto- pbix JX>KaM6yA npH3biBaa K co3aaHHio pcboaioiihohhhix neceH h xiosm. Pa* ayncb cBofioae Hapoaa, KOTOpyio npHHecAa CoBeT- v «s r ,“rs HeMaao neceH h hosm caowha fl*aM6y.i b nepBbre roabi penoAioumr. HanGoAee SHaiHreAbiiofi H3 hhx hbahctch noaMa «Ber BpeMeiiH*. ripomiK- HyraH peBOAioiraoHijbiMH hachmh, era no3«a 3aHHMaer shaho'c Meero He TOAbKo b TBopqecTBe Jlwa.wGyAa, ho h b MoaoaoA xa3axcKoft coBereKoft AHrepaType rex AeT. «Ber opeMeHira— snH'iecKan nosna, iicnoAireimaH axbi- hom b (popMe rearay. B Heft OTpawaerca *H3Hb h GopbGa xa3axcxnx Tpy- aainHxcH, CHaqaaa b ycaoBHax <J>eoaaAbHO-xoAonHaAbHoft 3xcsiAyaTanHH, a

sareKb ycaoBHSx CBoGoanoro cOBeTCKoro ofiufecTBa. Akhh, iipno noKa3u- 6 40“ > ecnpoCBeTHyio ropbnyio ao.no Ka3axcKoro Oeamwa peBomowni, c pajiocibio Boonosaer peBomomiOHime npeo6pa30Bamm Ka3axcxoro ayna. Oh3aBcpuiaer cboio no3My npH3biBOM (SopOTbcn 3a ocyiuecTB-ieiiHe 33bctob saraxoro Bowaa B. H. /lemma npoTHB ocraTKOB KJiaccoDbix BparoB. 3ia 1,031,3ouna caowena b to BpeMH, noraa b ayaax Benacb owecroqeHHax taac:oBan 6opb0a. riosMa _0.waM6y.ia 6uaa coanyma no CBoeMy n.aefi- so-ieMaTiiHOcxo.My coaepwanmo c npoHSBMeiiHfraiHC. Ceilifryajiaaa, B. Mag­ ma, H. AwaiicvrypoBa, C. MynaHOBa, A. ToKMaraMlteroaa, H. Dafi3aKoaa HaeTCfl 3tan noBOro noateMa BaoxiioBemioro TBOpqecrBa. CTpam ayaan, on lie TOilhKOhcikmikhji npoHSBeaeHHii ycniofi Hapoanofi no33im, 110 Hcaaraa hobhc, Bocnenaji -ropwecrBO itoaxoanoro ctpoh, aocTiiweHHH koji- xo3ob, opraHH30BaHHbix b ero poaHbix MCCTax.ilwaaiOya upHHHMaa ynacrae briepBOMCaere Hapoanux .viacrepoB napoauoro ncnycTTBa h amepaTypbi. soTopuS nponcxoan.il b AaMa-ATe n 1934 roay. 3tot caer oTKpua hobub B03MOJKHOCTHiia TBop'iecKOMnyra .Owajifiyaa, Koropug cmraa cbohm aoa- roMHaoaroMBcex anuiion BocneBaTbycnexncnacTaimoft cobctckohCTpanu. B 1934—1935 roan oh co.raaer Hefioabinne TPnray «Cao30 k Monoaocru*. •llecHBot scefi ayuin», «Ha a*aiiairy» 11 apynie. B 3ior iiepnoa K33axcKasi iiapoanaa roMiia ncpewimaeT 6ypaoe pa3- aBTBe. KouMVHHcriiMecKax napTHn HeycTaHHO npomumeT 3a6ory o Hapoa- bhx neauax, noaaepwiiBacT hx HiiHimariiBy, nocrosimio caeanr 33 nx TBop- leoaiM pocTosi, ripon3BeaeHHH Cy.iefiuaHa CTaabcxoro, Mapipu Kpiono- soSnoayanaH bmcohvio oueHny Ha Bcecoio3HOM Cbe3ae nHcaTeaefi. O mix rosopHa Ha ctm e M. lopbKHg: «...Eepenire aioaefi, onocoCiibix ccoaaBaTb raxae weMqywimbi noasHH, Karae co3aaer CyaeAMaii. nooropaio: aa'iaao HCKyccTua caona —a ijioabKaope. C.oGnpaiTre 11am (jioabKiiop, yqnrecb 11a 8eM, o6pa6aTbiBaihe ww11. 3thcobcth M. Topbnoro iiMenii fioabmoe anancHHe aan aaabHegmero paaaarHBTBopqecTBa HapoaHHX neBUOB. flwaMGya bmcctc co mhohimh aenTcas.Mii yqarooBaa b irepBofi a®a * xaaaxcKoro iicnyccTBa h aHTepaiypu, npoxoaHBiuefi b Mockbc b Ma 1936roaa. Bo bpcmh npeGbnsaiiHii b Mocxne axuH caojKiia pna cbohx H3 Bficmbix necew: «B MaB3oaee /lemma», «npHaer aapoaa*. i Kjthm 6arnp> •Axcaxaay Ka.iHHHHy», «3acTO,-ibiian necim*. 3th necm tvt we nepeeo JBXKCb«a pyccKHft H3MK h nyfimiKOBajmcb Ha erpammax *npaBau». <H3- Beera9» h apvriix ueHTpaxibHbix ra3eT. 3a BbipaioiUHeCH3acxiyra b pa3BHTHH “apoxHofl H033HH flwaMfiyji 6bij> Harpawaen rarja opneHOM Tpyaoeoro KpacHoro 3HaMeiiH». «CoBercKoe npaBHTe.ibCTao, — roBopHT JJwaM«ya, — bhcoko oueiiHB MOIOno33Hio, Iiarparnwo MeHn opaenoM TpyaoBoro KpacHo- ro3HaHe«H. H n cxa3a.r Torfla h roBopio acerjia: 3Ta narpafla Bpyqaerca «e TOHbKO mhc, ho h scefi KasaxcKoii no33HH» (h3 aBTofiHorpaiJiHH annua, HMBweimofi b cOopmiK ero npoH.-meaeiiHit, 1937 r.). 1936—1938 roan ajih JIwaHfiyaa fibum ronaMH crpeMHrenwioro raop- rasoro pocra. Pacranpancn «pyro3op annua, unKmuiHaa-iiicb 3iiaHHn, «o- repue noMorajmeMy ocMbicaHuan. Te hbh Dane oflmecTBeimo-iicropHqecKHe HicfinoMy pocry flwaMfiyjia yaejmaocb ocoCoe BHiraaHHe. K ammy ™xh npHRpeiuenn .iHrepaTvpHHe cenpeTapH, nosra, noropne aoawHn 6n- ’ » 3aiiHcbiBaTb ero necim, qirraTb eny Bcayx mem, npoiBBeaeima xyao- ift h nayqHoB.iHTeparypbi, wypiia.ru.

pMaHOBa h ApyrHX hostob C BAOxHOBeHHbiMH caobsmh oOpamaA- CrpeMJieHHC A*aM6y.ia oanaKOMHTbcs c npoH3BeAenHflMH nHCbMemiofl .TMTepaTypbi hmevio orpoMHoe 3Ha<ieHHe. ilwaMfSyji nocTeneHHO BocnpHHH- MaeT no9THiiecKHC npHeMhi nncbMeHiiofi AHTepaTypw. B ero TBOp'iecKOH mh- pe xax 6yAio opraimqecKH cjihbuiotch iMHHbie KaHecrea ycTHofi no33HH c TpaaHUHnMH hobo3 DHCbMeHHofi .iHiepaTypbi. Oh aejiaer peuiHreabiihie ma- TH OT yCTHOil HMIipOBH3aUHH K TpaABUHHM H03TOB nHIIlymHX. /liK3M6yfl b CBoefi noAHHHHO iiapOAHOfi no33HH >khbo OTK.iiiKa.acfl Ha Bee BawHwe co- GbiTusi, npoHcxoAflmue b HauieB crpaHe, na no.iHTHKy KoMMyHHCTHflecKofi napTHH, Ha noGe.ibi coBercKoro Hapoaa b 6opb6e 3a nocTpoeHHe couh3ahcth- MeCKoro oGuxecTBa. Ero neoHH «riecHH o 3epHe», «51 B03poJKAeH», «riepBO- MaflcKaa necufl*, «Aaa-Tay>, «Ko.ibi6ejibH3fl necHH*— sto cMcaufi B3AeT aKblllS K BCpiUHHaMHapoAHOft n033HH. B 3tot nepHOA ofioramaerca Kpyr 3iiaiinii JI*aMfiy.ia. cTaHOBHicfl Miioroo6pa3Hee TeMamKa ero no33HH. Hapsmy c necHflMH, H3oGpa»aioiUH- mh TpyAOBbie noABHrH coBeTCKHx .iioaeii Ha (JjpOHTe MHpnoro crpoHieJib- ctb8 CTpaHU comiaaH3Ma, /IwaMOyA co3Aaaaa Tojiray h nosMM o BeAHKOM BOJKae JleiiHHe, o OraAmie, Bopomii.ioBe. o Ka3axcKHX AereHAapHux 6a- rapax yrereiie, CypaHraH, CaypbiKe. B KOHue 1937 roaa h b Haiaae 1938 tom flwaMCyjr 6bi.'i Ha KaBKase H b MocKBe h.BnocjieACTBHH co3,iaA ho- Bbie necHH, KOTopue bhibah OTAeAbHHM cCo p h hkom «nyreuiecrriHe Ha KaB- xa3». B Hero boiuah h ero TOAray «necHn o 6paTCTBe HapoAOB*. xtlpHSeT KaBK33y», «riecHfl npo Oarupa Manas*. «ChmaM THXOro jloHa* H ap. 75-aeTHe TBop'iecKofl AeiiTeAbHOCTH.HwaMdyAa. oTMeieHiioe b 1938 To­ ny, flBHAOCb OAHHMH3 BaWHHX COdblTHfi H6 TOAbKO B JKH3HH caMoro aKbina, ho h BCGii coBeTCKOfi AirrepaTypu. Bucoko oueHHBaaTBopiecTBO Rman6yjia, ra3CTa «ripauaa» iwcaAa: «B BOCXHTHTeAbHbix craxax npocAaBAeHHoro axu- Ha Ka3axctaKa, noAHbix HecpaBHeHHoro AHpH3Ma, HacbimeHHhix ne3a6i>mae- m w m h o6pa3aMH, cobctckhA iiapoA ouiyuiaeT 6hphhc Hamefi w h 3hh, omy- maeT ABHxceHHe Haineft srioxw, bhjiht BonAoweHHe cbohx nepewnaaiiHii, nosTHiccKoe BupaweHHe cbohx coKpoBeHiiwx AyM h HacTpoeHHfi*18. Ha TOpwecTBeraoM HjfiHAee axbma npHcyTCTBOBa.iH H3Becnibie no3- th h nHcareAH CoBeTcnoro Coa)3a, cTapefluiHe axbiHbi Ka3axcT3Ha. BHAHue ASflTeAH coBercKoro HCKyccTBa. BcahkhS ^paimyscKHii rwcareAb Pomsh Poaa3h nncaA: «0t cepaua 3anaAHbix Aami k cepAuy CTenefl Ka3aycTaHa CpaTCKHfl npHBeT SwaMGyAy— neBiiy CBoero Ka3axcxoro HapoAa ti •nouoro Me.ioiie'iecTiia*19. H3BCCTHbiii a3tckhh micareAb Maprair AHAepceH Hexce PHcaA /iHtaMOyAy: «Bu caMufi cqacTAHBhifl aeAOB'eK, nyctb 3ApaBCTByeT

Bamccepauc b Beano MoaoaoB, obo6o,ihoh h caaavmaofi CoiieTCKoii cTpaHe, cepaiieaeiiOBeKa, npoJKHBiuero HirrepecHyio h fioraTyio acH3>ib ot kotoboto o(ipa3a ao bucokoB nepeaoBOfi coBeTCKofl KyabTypti20. CoBcrcKoe npatiHTejibCTiio bhcoko oneHHJro TiiopHecKHfi Tpya ahubs. 3a Bbinaioimieca 3acayrH b oOaacTH paaBHTHs napoaHO-noaTHiecKoro bc- KVccrea, 3a cosaamie narpHOiH'iccKHX npon3BeaeiiHfl JXxanHy.i 6ua Ha- ipaKaaHopaeHOMJlanraa. Bo npesiii loOnTOa axbiH kok 6bi noaooan-'i ae- soropMe HTora cbocB aoaroaemiefl TBopnecKofi jku3iih b otbct Ha noser, 0Ka3airauii eixy iiapoaoM h napTKefi, cosaaa tskho 3KamrnvibHbie npoH3Be- aoaocTb*, «riecHa o HCKyccTB®, (tKyimia h n>», Hapoay caywys, iigbmu «Moa *H3Hb» h «Moe ciacTbei. BnecHe eBepHyBuianc* Moaoaocrb* axuH BcnoMmiacT cboio rciweayio 3Hbb npomaoM h aaeT KasrBy nocBHTHTb bcio cboio wn3iib BocneBaiiHio ihto»;hi cBofioau couHaaHciHqeoKoS PoaHHU, ciactbsi TpyaoBoro fiapoaa. y ZliKaM6\\v! 6ua H36pa>i aenyxaTOM BepxoBHoro CoBeTa Ka3axcnoB CCP. Kan n T H Kai: aenyrat, H36paHHbrfi napoaba, aicbiii .■ranomiicn naaaicHHUM anrraTOpOM i; aKTHBHbiM opraHH3a?opoM cpean kmxoshux Tpy>KeHiiKOR. 10 hiojis 1938 roaa, npiiBCTcnwa II c-beaa Kom- ayimcTimecKoii napriia K?.3axcTana, oh BUCTvnaeT c HbinpoBraiipoBaHHoB xccHCfi o pyKOBOAHiUefl poan nenoSeaiiMofi KoMMynHcrKsecKOB naprHH. 15moas, oTKpuBan FlepByra ceccHio BepxoBHoro Coneia Ka3axcKoB CCP, ohnpOHaaocHT CoabUiyio pcsb, B 9TH ro.iu SKbiH ocoCchho Miioro nea o CoBeTCKoS KoHCTHTyiiMH, o5 yxpenaeHHH ofiopoHocnocofluocTH coBercaoB crparnj, o HecoKpyiiaiMoB apywOe HapoaoB CCCP, o Copbfie nporpeccHB- Horo nc-nonciccTBa npoTHB arpeccHH (baiUHCTCKHX HMnepHaaHCTMecKKX B 1938—1939 roaax bkhih cao*Ha -roaray dlecus o BbinoaneHHoB Xiwrse*, <BaTbipu nauicfi snoxn*, «KnpOB», noBMy «CypanuiH GaTbip*. SteBpaae 1939 roaa oh 6bia narpaiiWH opaeHOM3naK Hosera. B3th roahi flwaMGva He Toxibrco caaraa cboh HOBbie neciiH o coBpe- “eimocTH, ho b to * c BpeMH noMoraji 3!:R'!CbmaTb crapue, Hcno.niss 3ay- ’Wbie km npewae aftTUCbi c KyaMatiSeTOM, CapuGacoM, AocwaraMGe- tom, UlauiyCaeM. 3to TaiOKe HBH.noch oanofl H3 BawHux tbophcckhx Psfor aKbina. Mexcav 1940 roaoM h nepeoB noaoBHHofi 1941 roaa TBop- HeCKas aesre-ibHOCTb AttaMGyna no-npewHuiy Guaa GypnoB. BecHoB 1941 roaa AsuaMGya Gbia yaocToen CTaaHHCnoil npeMHH. Hapsay c roa- rsy «Haa MHpoti cbctkt oaxa 3BC3aa», nocBsiueHHbiM ofiopone cTpaiibi, ■\"■jhcaoiKHa apynie rechh o CBOefi >kh3hh. TaKoau, HanpiiMep, «B ropax*, •TaKHSaro «riopTpeTV A6as», «Bap.w6aio», «CTapocTb» h ap. B hcko- h o cBoefl cTapocTH: B 9T0TnepKoa aitb!Hyato iiotth coBcetr ae moi- nocemarb TpyjxeHHKOB Maeii h conHaancTHHecKoro >khHOTHOBoacTEa, K0K aeaaa sto npeiKae. 0» aanro Coaea. Ma«eT Own,. iiosTOMy b necHHX Tex Jicr ocKOBBoe Mec- w 33BHMaioT raaBHMM o6pa30M saayiueBHue aiipiraecKKe mothbm aHsuux WpemiiBaHHH. 22 HKiHi! 1941 roaa Koraa aeMeH.xo-diauiMCTCXHe saxBaTHHKH scpo- io Hanaan Ha iiaiay Wpany. il«aM6ya fifcia Tsxteao fioaea. Oh xopo- 3iiaa, m KonapiibiM Bparow mu iixieeM aeao, h nosHMaa ccpb- OPCTab3mTOeH3aOHnHawCHiiOCcTTHHa,p, bKKifOOiITopaa- iiaBHcaa Haa CTpanoB. —k 6m nosyBCTBOBaa b ceoe npH.HHB HOB-H-X--- a. Oh b .....iB..a.e.-Tca hs 6oat

Obi noOuBaTb b Koaxo3ax, necHcii npH3BaTb napoa noMonb $poHTy, xpv- flHTtca bo H»m noOeau iiaa BparoM, necHefl OjiarocjiOBanTb eayuiHX Ha ij>poHT bohiiob. nepoan ero neciw, caoiKeHHaji nocne Haia.ua boBhm, ObLia «BcrynHaH b Ooh c aaKJiHTbiM BparoM* («ATa wayMCH a0KaCTUK»). Bck>- ay 6bia cauuieH ero roaoc. On C03aaaaa ruiaMeHHbie npoH3BcaeHHH, npn- 3biBatouiHe Bcex necTHbix aioaefi Ha OopbOy c <J>auiH3M0M. B apKHX 06- pa3ax axuH BocneBa.i naTpHOTHiecKHe Mbicaii K HyBCTBa coBeTCKoro Ha- poaa. Ero necHH h Toaray «BcTyiiHHH b 6oB c aaKasiThiM BparoM», «Ha rpaHH >KH3HH h cMcpTH», cJleHHHrpaauu, aeTH MOH», «MoCKBa», «Ha K0- «eB, OoraTbipcKoe naenia*, «CoBeTCKHM BOHHaM», «HenpHCT>nHaa Kpc- nocTb», «l'epoHM Boponewa*. «Ka»TBa noa 3HaMCHCM>. cCBerauA npasi- hhk Haui Hcaa.ieio, «Apy*6a repOHiecKHx napoaoB* usBecTHbi KajKflOMy. Tojiray «llpHKa3 Poahhlib, caowenHuA aitbiHOM b 1942 roay. enc- UHaabHo 3aHHTbiBaacH b lacnx 11 noapa3aeaeH»Hx CoBerchOft ApMim ha <t>poHTe. tlaaMcmiuc cthxh AwaxiOyaa oeraBJiHHH neu3rjiaaHMoe cmo'iar- Max aKbiny. /l>KsM6ya o-raeiaji (jipoiiTOBiiKaM riHCbMauH h,ih necnsiMH. Tax pox<aa.iHcb ora npo:!3BeaC!’K!i «n«CbMO Ha tjipOHT*, «Otb8t cum- «npHEOT iI)KaM6yaas, «rio«apon». «Ot croaeTnero cepaua*: H»aM6ya aaer otuobckh6 cosertj h nanyTCTBim aouiiaM h u to jk~ BpeMH roBopHT, hto h oh BOHH, OTCtaHBaiouiiiii csoOoay H HeaaBHCHHOCTh B roau BcahkoB OtcmcctbohhoB boAhh fl*aM0ya Bctpeiaaca h 6c- ceaOBaa co MiiorHMHaearejiHMH aHTepaTypbi h HcxyccTBa, uayKH h nvjih- Typu. B 1943 roay, yiacreysi b pecnySaiixaHCKOM afiruce aKUHOB Axtau- 6ya HcnojiHHa cbok> H3BocTHyio necHio «06pauieniie k aKUHaxo’. Tbkhm o6pa30M, b roau boBhu flx<aM6ya Bceueao nocasmui cboio no33Hio cairo- oTBepuccBHofl 6opb6e coBeTCKoro napoaa Ha (JjpOHTe h b Tuay bo hmh 3a- UIHTbl COUHajIHCTHieCKOfi Poahku. TBOphocKaa paOoTa Boemiux jier, CBnaamiasi c BHCTynaeiiHHMH nepc' HapoaoM 6u.ia hc-ici-khm aeaoM aa.i CTOaeraero ZlwaMOyaa.' TawejiHM yaapoM Ouaa nn* Hero Bectb o repoHiecKofl CMep-ra aiofuiworo Cb;na A.n-

flsaMGya Gbia noxopoiien 24 mohh b po.hiom ayae, b aGnotieBOMca­ rryBeane cBoero aoua. Llcpe3 'roa, Koraa OTMCiaaoci, lOO-aeme co abb erapo*aeHHH, Ha Moraae aKbina 6bra nociaBaeH MaB3oaefi. Hom, b koto- povwaa flwaM6ya, npespameH b aHTepaTypHo-MeMopHaabHhifl My3efl. no nociaBOBacHHK) npaBHieabcTBa KimaxcKoft peciiySaHKH aaa CTyaeHTOB BHcumx VMeOiirjx 3aBeaeHHfl Gaaa iia3Haqena cTiirieHaiia hmchh flwaiaGy- X2, Ha3HaieHanpeniHa HMeHii ilaasiCyaa 3a ayqnme npoiiSBeaewia mrepa- lypu, My3biKH, a<HBonHcii. Bbia co3aan i!CTopiiKo-6norpaii)i!'i<iCKHS <t>HabM aApymenpoMBeaeHHa o >KH3HHh TBOpqecTBe BeaHKaHa Hapoamifl no33BH. Ha mhothx H3hiKax ne>iaTaiOTCH cthxh h iiosmu aKbina, nninyrcn nccae- joBareabCKne paGora o ero >kh3hh h TBopieeTse. Bee oto cBnaereJibCTByer otom, mto orpoMiiwft Tpya fliKamGyaa 6bia no aocTonncTiiy oueiien coBeT- ckhmHapojoM n mo iiMsi ero aimer b cepaaax nporpeccHBHoro ieao3e- JaaMfiy.r othochtch k ‘incay aKUHOB, no9TH<iecKoe TBopnecTBO koto- pnx aoCTHrao CBoero iiatiBWCiuero pacnaera roabKo b ycaoBHiix conna- •acTH'recKoro cTpon h Koropue e ocoGhm B£OXHOBeiraeM socnean Hauiy coaeTCKyio flciicTBiiTeabiiocTb. npoH3Be,qeaiiH HaaMfiyaa b TeMarn'iecKOM, ckdkctbom, iiaefiiio-xyaojKccTBeHHOM h aanpoBOM oTiiouieHHH aoBOabHO pa3Hoo6pa3Hbi. OchobhoB reMofi h naeBHbiM mothbom iiopeBoaionnoiiHoro TBop'iocTBa HaaMfSyaa asane-rca noOeaa OKTji6pber<ofi pesaaonuH h co- lOiaaiicTHMecKoro oGuiecTBeHHoro crpoa, pyKoiso/wmaa poab Kommi'hhcth- TecxoSnapTHii h repomtecKaa GopbOa coBeTCKoro Hapoaa Ha nyrn nocTpoe- ima KOMMyHHCTHiecKoro ofimecTB.1, BeaBKaa flpyafia HapoaOB n o5pa3 seriHKoro bo/Kjh napTHii JieKHHa, enaerbe Ka3axcKoro Hapoaa, o6peTen- »oe npn CoBercKon BaacTM, GoeBiae Tpaamum repoH'iecKoB CodctckoB Bo Bcex ero npo:i33eaei!iiax, C03«aHBbix b no3aneflmne rojua, TeMa coBeTCKoro naTpnoTH3Ma Guaa ochobboB. C ivbctbom ropaaefi .iioAbh BocneBaTb coBpeMeHHyio aeficTBHTeabnocrb— 3to 3naqi-:ao ana nero xo- pomoBnaeTb H3Harb nyrn pa3BHTHa coBeTCKoro oGwecTBa, Bepnrb b ero CBeraoe Gyaywee. ' npmiKMaa aKTHBHoe yqacTHe b atiniin CBoero Hapoaa, flaoMGya CTpeMHnca naK moikho 6oabiue 3iiatb n BHaerb, H Gaaroaapa sroMy ero iCb HacToamiiM 3epaaaoM coBpeMeHnofi aeftcTBHTeab- ayae. flwaMGya naxoanaca b rywe TpyaoBoro na- , BMecre c bhm BCTpeaaa h npOBoataa Gypio h coaire'-iHbie abb Goab- HCTOpmecKHX coObiTHfl npouiaoro n iiacToaiuero. HwaMGya poflHofi Ka3axcran. noGHBaa o\" * apyrax pecnyGanKax b MocKBe, n Ha K b a;n3Hb iiapoaa, crpeiiHH , ronrrrKofl ”

AKHH rOBOpHT, 1TO HCTOIHHKOM CrO B/lOXIIOBCHHd GbWI COBeiCKHfi couHaflHCTHHecKHS CTpoS, criojibnaHOM UBeiymaH anoxa*, Koropaa npaaec- ,ia iiapoaaM eiacTbC, OKpu.iHJia necim. JXna Hero neT iiHiero OJiHMie, HeM !>o6efl0H0CHaa 6opbCa cob6tckhx aionefi 3a noCTpoeHHe KOMMyHH3Ma, hct i imero -iioOhmoc, veti EC.iiiKaa coBercKca 1’oamia. /IwaniGya 6uji napojHbiM amjiioM hoboto rana, aKunoM, Koropbi®, TBop'iecHH npeoOpaaosHsaa h pa3BHBaa ay>mme TpaamiHH npomaoro— crpoii CTHxa, K0MH03Hiutio, aipopHCTH'iHOCTi, pe>iH, caeaaa CMejibifi uiar unepea h Gaaroaapji 3TOiiy cyiaea no-HOBOMy BOcneTb coBercKyio ae8- ciBHTeHbHOCTb. riosTHiecKHe np0H3BeneiiHH JlxauCyjia cbohm uaeftHbiM co- repwaimeM, xyaowecaoemibiM KaiecTBOM, awxaHiieM noarn>iecKHx nyacrB, HHTOHauHefi BocnpOH3BOa»T Bea.H'iaByio xapTHHy cobctckoh Otmh3hli, mo- nyMeHTajibHbifl o0pa3 coBercKoro HeaoBeKa— neyTOMHMoro H repoiiTOCKO- ro c03naaTeaa hoboS hctophh. 06pa3bi HauiHX aioaeR, Hauia coBeTCKaa AeftcTBHTeabHOCTb OToGpa- xtaiOTca b npoH3BeaeHHax /IwaMGyaa ire b oGiuhx neprax, a KOHKperHO, OOoOlUeHHO. EcTb TeMbl, K KOTOpbIM3KUH oGpamaeTca COCOGbfMB.TOXHOBe- HHew. 3to, Bo-nepBbix, Te»ia noGeau BcjikkoB OKTHGpbcicoB peBO.nomiH, BO-BTOpbix, oioGpawerme jkhshh Ka3axcKoro napoaa, B-TpeTbux, TeMa re- poH3Ma bo hmb Hapojworo ciacrbll. BocneBaa repoH'iecKHe TpaaHUHH Haniefi biioxh b animecifOM iiaaiie, HinaMGya MacTepeKH C03aaer o6pa3 ciacTHHBOro coBercnoro leaoBcita- C03Haareaa. K TOMy ace oh oroGpaixaeT aeficTBHTeabiiocTb onpeaeaeHHO- ro arena hctophh h b npouecce ee pa3BHTHH kohkpctho pHcyeT GopbGy eapoaa 3a cnactbc h cboGoay, co3aaeT o6pa3b! BuiaaroiHHxca napoaHbix repoeB, noKaabiaacT Hcnbiramiyio h 3anaacHHyio b bckoboR coBMecriiofl GoptOc npOTHB yraeraTeaeft apy*6y HapoaoB. MHorne aiipimecKHe iicchh, marr.y, i;03«u («Ber BpcMeHHs, «BeaHKHfi KapaBaH*, «riiMH OiiTirCpiort, «nccHii no6eau>, cCbciht iiaa mhpom oana 3Be3aa», «riecHH o jkii3hh», ‘■ necim o Mockbc*, «JlcHHHrpaaua, aeTH moh!») 3aneiaTvieBaiOT Hep™ cOBpcMeHHofi aeHCTBHTeabHocTH. B cbohx npoH3BeaeKHnx skbih BMCTynaeT nan oieBHaeu, OBHaereab h yqacTHHK bckoboh hctophh CBoero Hapoaa. OnHCbman coOmths npoui- aoro, GopbGy napoaa sa cboio CB06oay, flwaHGya H3oSpa)KaeT ueiirpajib- HGaMrMpaKreOpBo.eM cbohx npoH33eaeHHii TpyaoBoS Kapoa, nasaxcKyio GeaHOTy, rioao>KHTeabHije repon neceH JJwaMGyaa — sto 6arpaKH, nacTyxn, aioaH rpyaa, KOTopbie nacjm GzBckhx obuk, roHstaa TaOyHU hx Konefl, bu- noanHaii Bee raweaue paOoThi. 9tot Geaiiufl aioa He HMea csoefl 3eMaH. bo BpeMeHHoe rioabsoBaime h 3a 3T0 oTpaOaTbiBan ro- naxaa H cenjr, yG.apaa GaScKHe nojm, Tepnea oGiiau OT BCeBOSMOWHblx npeacraBHTeaeH BaacTH. roaoaHue, xoaoaiiue, oGop- iiCHHue oeaiiHKH aax;e rnweabiM TpyaoM He Moran pa3ao6biTb ceGe ao- CTaToiHbix cpeacTB k cymecTBOBaHHKi. Ryma hx Guaa nepenoaHeHa nie- bomh BOSKyweiiHeM. B raaiix Tflweabix ycaoBHHXMHorae H3 hhx norHGaaa:

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.KMana roro, qro6u ocBeTHTb yTBepKaacMyio hm naeio b Tecitoii CBfraii c npHBbwHUMHera cjiymarejiau HapoAHMMii MOTHBami. fl*aM6yji pHcyeT HflHjiJiHqecKHfl Kpafl, nafleneinibiii bccmh CwiarawH npapoau. cyflsmeii aoiromaamioe 6narono.iyqne h cqacrbe. Ho Bee sro <«a3biaacTCa sahm oGManoM. Ha cbmom A&ne (Soraraa GjraroyxaioinaH, lEciymaa nuuiHbiMH Tpauaxiii aoUHna Hecer nio&nb CKOTy h .hoabm. Yre- nax 6bi cHMBOjiH3HpyeT TmeTHbie noiiCKii aapoaoM cbooto^ noajWHHoro CiaCTbHBnpOIIUOM. rio3AHee B necne «BaTbtpbi nauieS snoxa* ,H>KaM5yji ran pucyer (|>a- ta.TMiyio oSpeqeiinocTb noaodiibix rcpoen b npe»:tiHe apexieHa: TeMHOMy 6esp«aooTi!OMy upoutncuiy cBoero napoaa aapoaHuii aKbui npoTHBonocT.inancr cncT.ioe aacToawae CoBe-rcnoro Ka3axcTa«a. riosMa flwaMfiv.sa cCypamuu GaTup* ncCBamena OToGpaxiCHino co- CBB3aiiIlb!X C JKII3!ibK> pCaJIbHOii HCTOpHqeCKOfl JIKMHOCTH CypaHlIlbl XaKHM6exoBa— miHnTe.ibiforo Gaibipa 11 CTapiunHu poaa IIIanpaiuThi b 1845—1865 roaax. Ero b.imuhhc pacnpocTpaan.iocb Hna .ipyrae poau Crap- oero ncy.3a, iranpaMcp, iia po.iw JlyjiaT h A-iGaa. C hhm cepbeuio cmrra- mcb h npe.icTaBHTe.nl pyccKoB aflMHHKCTpamiH b flaetbicy, b tom qaaie » Koncaiuiyioiiuiii A.iaTaycxiiM bochhum oxpyroM roiiepa.i Ko.inaKoiiCKHii. B 1846—1865 roabf CypanuiH, HaxoAacb b pn/tax pycoKofi apMHii it vxacTByab Boftne nponiB KoKauncKoro xaiiCTBa, noxasaji b 6onx MyjKCCTBO « oraary. OcoGchhoR 3acjiyroR Cypamubi caeayer cqHTan. ero GopbGy npo- t«b KoxaaacKoro nra 3a HC3aBHCHM0CTb AweTHcyficKHX imaxoi!. Cypanuihi oothGnpH niTypMe KOKaiiACKoR Kpenocra CaRpaM B 1865 roay. MywecTBO h oTBara Sarapa Cypaauiu 6win BOcneTbi b CBoe BpeMH wioriiMH aKbiHBMH. Hapofliibiii repoft 6ua npocjian.ieii h CyioMGaeM b aR- ucax, a Taxwe b n.iane, caoweniioM no cjiyqaio cmcpth CapuGaa. hBo BCTynHTe.ibHOfi qacTii noSMbi HwawSv/i paccKa3biBaCT. qro on PaHbme lie pa3 BOcneBaa Cypamubi, 1ito sto 6bj.io aaBemeno eMy CyioMGa- MyxcecTBeHRaa 6opb6a CypaHinu npoTHB saxaaT'iiiKOB Hauwa caoeoT- paweHHe lie TO.ibxo b HapoAHbix necHnx a nosMax, o iiefr roBopnt h hcto- PmocKiieaoKyxrciiTbi, apxHBHbie MaTepHaau. B panopTe otjmnepa JfomcKoro ot 27 cjieBpajia 1860 roaa rosopHicn, hto 6aibip Cypamubi ocBoGo/iii.T aya fflaaHa b ypoqmuc Kona ot Hana- * ' » « KOxaHflCKHx rpa6me.ic:i npa stom osaji b n.Teii 20 BparoB” . 4 mo­ an I860 roaa urraSc KanifraH Bacu.ibei! nqca.i, uto 1 moHn b nacos \\Tpa latap Cypanmu o6parn.Jcn c npocbGoa noMoqb ooBoGoaHTb ay.iw b ropax, «a KOTopue nanaaii Manana; nocnenmo CHapnweiiHHfi OTpaa 6u.i ornpaB- ae» Ha noaomb45. B cBoeM nwcbMe na hmh rcHepa.i-ryGepnaTopa 3anaaHofi Choh;hi

[' A. Ko.inaKOBcKHii ucoOo orwtrii.i MyjxeerBO H rep0H3M Cypatimu. A u 1863 roay b mrcuMe K. K. TyTKOBCKOMy Honan BaaHxaHOB Taione ynoMa- jiyji o BbicoKOMaBTopHTere Cawapa CypaHuiu. B cootbctctbhh c HcTopHTCCKofi aeScTaHTejiBHOCTbio flwaMOya OTOOpa- >xacT b CBoeil nra.ite B03raaBAfleMyio CypaHiuu 6opb6y xasaxcxoro napoaa nponiB KOKaHttCKHX nopaOoTHTeaeB. Akwh pHcyer xapTHHH rpaOirreJibCKoro Hajiera xoxaiiaoKoro xana Xy- aoapa na xa3axcx«e ayjiu. CnacHteaeM Hapoaa or BTOro iiecqacrua craHO- BHTca Cypamubi, xoropufi ororHaa no.Timua xaua Xyaoapa, H tot, «e BbinepjKaB naraoKa CMeabuaxoB, no3opHO 6e*aA. A>KaMCv;i rOBOpHT H o 6opb6e CypaHiubi c khpth3ckhm MaHanoM OpMaHoia, Koroporo iiaTpaisaiiaaeT Ha xa3axcKHe ayau (Jieoaaa Toiiuibi6eK H3 po.ta AvaaT. Iia-WHan cboio noa.My c xapraHU rpaCHTeabexoro naacTa xoxaHAHBB na KaaaxcKKe ayau, akwh OKaii-ntBaeT ee omicamieM nopaweHHH h no6era KOKaHAUeB. Oanaxo He caesyer cun-arb, hto sia HCTopnnecnasi noawa sb- -TOCTca nepecKa30M noAAHHHoft HCropiiH. Asbin jiaKOHHiHo H3jiaraeT co6uthh H3 * h3hh Caiupa Cypamuu, a Taxwe H3HcropHKK33axcKHx ponoB CTapmero *y3a, HaceaawmHX Awe-ru- cy. Hpofipajxan rpafiHTeabCKHe Ha6era Fionahackhx xaHOB Ha Ka3axcKHe avau, flwaMGya pHcyeT xapTHHW 6eacTBHfl, xoTopue Bbi3broaioT neHaBHCib rpyAOBoro HapOAa K xaHau: - Kymey AnbiH BocneBaer apyatSy napoAOB. Ero repoH Cypamuu KHprH3aM— Apyr h 6paT, k Herny Ha nOMoub, ito6u 6nTboi c bohckom KposoaaAHoro xaHa XyAoapa, npnxoAHT BoceMb pyccKax h TaTapHH. ApywCa napoAOB h3xoaht CBoe spxoe Boruiomeinie h bo B3aHMooT- noiireHHHx CypaHiuu h OewaBiuero H3 uapcxofl cchakh pyAOXona Eropa. B asyx 6osix, H3o6pa>xeHHbix b noawe, Cypamubi bhxoaht noOeAHTe- acm fijiarOAapa homowh Eropa h ero Apyaeii. 3th 9nH3oau He TOAbxo npea- cibbafict co6ofi nosTHiecxoe boiijoluchhc coChthB H3 >xh3Kh CypaHuiu XaxHMfiexoBa, xoTopufi BixecTe c pyccKHMH BOficxaMH ocBoeomaaa nnaax- cxH'e ayau ot KOxaiiaueB, 110 a ripaBAHRo oxpamaioT apvwCy xasaxcKoro 11 pyccKoro HapoaoB b Ty snoxy. riosMa B03po»aaeT b mmsth h coSuthh Tex aHefi, xoraa CvoaHuiu TOAbxo Oaaroaapa HaCTOfiHHBOMy Tpedosahhk> pyccxHX 6ua ocbo6o>kabh K3 naeHa yMCeTaan-xaHa, x xoropoMy nonaa b 1864 roay. CneayeT Taxse KMeTb b BHay, hto roraa MHorne pyccxHe 6erahie coa- aara (KyaeuioB, HecTepoB, ByTHimoB a ap.) H3 CuSHpcxoro OTpsma, pac- noAoweHiioro b BepHOM, npirra.-iHCb h jkhah b xasaxcxHx ayaax. Kohciho, ohh motah HcxaTb ce6e npHCTaHHme h 3auiHTy y TaxHX-BAHnteAbHWx jiho, xax CypaHiuu, motah cOAH3HTbCH c hhm. Ka3axcxHfl Hapoa HcnbiThiBaa TioxeauB rHGT h Hacnane KOKanacxHX CexoB, h HapoAHbie repoH, xax CypaHiuu, He paj no.iHKMaaii Hanoi ri. :>a- UHOHaabHo-ocBoSoAHTeabiioe ABHineime npOTHB nopafioiHTeaeii. Oanaxo hx Oophfia lie yBCHiaaacb ycnexoM. Haceaeime A*eTucy n3fiaBiiaocb ot xo- xaiiacxoro ura Toabxo nocae Toro, xax npiiHn.io pyccxoe noaaaHCTBO. Pyc- cxxe Boficxa orpaaiiaH xa3axcKHe poau ot xoxaHacKHx HauiecTaufl h Ha6erciB. “ flwon«yji. Co8p. coa., CTp. 510.

3ra HcropmecKan npaaAa Boruiomeiia b o6pa3ax aayx flpy3eB—CypaHiuu B H3o6pa»eiiHH RwaMfiy.aa CypaHiuu GecnomaaeH x BparaM; oh jiio- 6srroboBxapoA H3afioruTCH o ero GAarono-iyuiw. B o6pa3e CypaHUiu mu bmm leaoBexa, win xoToporo sanuna Mean h aocToaiicTBa napoaa bu- 3ra necHs He tojibko pacxpwBaeT narpHOTH3M CypaHUiu, ho h onpeae- aaer Haefluoe coaepwaHHe nosMU. Heab3H cxa3aTb, n o b onucaaHH BCTpaiH CypaHiuu c BparoM, ero OBaiKHc hum, Her raxnx uepr, KOTOpue Ou HanoMUHaan GoraTUpcxne sna- lecKHe nosMU npouuioro. B Heft ecm. snHBoabi, C03Aa«Hue b ayxe (jiojib- loiopHux aereiia o Gorarapsix. TaxoB 31111303, b xoropoM 6aiup Cypanmu oaHH rpoMHT MKoroHHcjieHiiue OTpsau npoTHBHHxa. Oh npuHHMaer BU30B OpMana k scrynaer oahh b GHTBy npoTHs ue.ioro nojiuniua MananoB. Ho CypaimiH OTHioab He HaHBKHii Garup, muiaraioiuHftcH TOiibxo Ha jiHinyio ®ny, xax H3o6paaa.iocb oGnhho b npouuioM. Oh nyexaeT b xoa bcio cboW naxo.TiHiiocrh, Bee cooe 3»aHHe TaxTHKH Goa, nopyuaa cbohm iieMHoroMHC- •tcuhhm TOBapawaM samiiraTb b ropax Miioronic.ieiniue xocTpu it Chib b GapaGaHbi, htoGu co3Aaib nnenaTjiemte Gojibuiofi panioft chjiu. Rieimbie oGoGuienns axuna B noBMe eCypaHiuu 6arup» npoHHXHyru naTpHOTHuecxHMayxoM. RxraMGv.i Bocnea pea.ii.Hbre HcropnuecxHC coGuthh c no3Hiwfl coBeTcxoro naTpriOTioua. Ecjih b HOBMe «yrereH Garap* Bcrpe- BaiOTOi MeMem-u wmfiOB h jiereHA, npHcyuiHe ycraoft HapoAHOft jiHrepary- pe, jo b noaMe «Cypanuibi Garap* cxa30HHHH MHp OTcyTCTByeT, ToAbxo b xyaowecTnemibix cpeACTBax H3oGpaweHHH HMeiorcH sexoTopue saeMeirru Moca. B ochobhom nosjia HBjixeTCH peaHHcnmecxofi. B Heii mu bhahm XapTHHy ACflCTBHTejlbHOCTH Toft HCTOpHHOCKOii 3B0XH, B xoropyxi 3KHJI Cy- paiiuiu, ero oGmecTBemiyio cpeAy; nepeA r.ia3auii nm-areim npoxoAHT xo- aopHTHue KaprHHbi npHpoAbi xpaa, >KH3Hb h Gut Kaaaxc.xoro liapoAa. B.iaroaapa cbohm cioiKeTHbiM H xyAOjxeCTBeHHUM ocoGqhhocthm, 1103-

Ma «yrereH 6axup» k.ik o6pa.sen HCToptfHo-repomeeiiofi h poMa«TH>iecKoS noaMH 3aHHM3CT ocoSoe mccto He TOJibKO b ycTHoii HapOfliiofi -xnxepaiype KasaxoB, ho 11b iix nHCbMemioa hos3hh. lioania «CypaHuibi 6axup», mtyuiaa ncae.i 3a noaMoii «yxereH Santp*. pacKpbiBaeT Apyroft, hobuB 3xan pa3BH- raa airaiecKHx noaMb Ka3axcKofi jios3hh. TBopneoKaa HcxopHa coaflaiiHH nosMN «CypaHU!U Sarap* Har.iajHo noKasuBaer, no KpynHbie cionue nosiibi coaAHiorca He cpa3y: cHaxa.xa noaB-iaiorcH oxAe-XbHbie simsoflbi b aflTbicax, 3aTeM iepe.3 onpefle.xeHHua npoMeayiOK Bpeiueim sth pa3po3HeHHbie hcchh h snuaoxht c-’iKP.aioxca b cahhom ciowexe, oOoSmaraxca. Tax npoHCXOAHT npeo6pa30BaHiie oxae.ibHUX necen b nosMy. ITo KpafraeB Mepe, MHOrne Hcc.xeflOBaxe.XH snoca npHflep- jKHBaioTCfl iiMCHHo xaKoro wueHHa. riyxH pa3BHTHa snHaecKoro »caBpa h npoaecc poHCAemiti snuiecKiix iioaoxeH mojkho hcho Ha6.xm.iaTbiia npHMepaxxBopiecKoii npaKTHKHJIwaM- 6yaa, KoxopuB b uihpokom snimecKOM n.xane Bocne-x6axbiuue KCxopimecKae co6bixHa, Ru.xaioiHiixcH napoflHbix repoeB, a Taxace iia npHMepax hosm Hcu Bafl3aKoaa, HypneHca Bafiraroma, Caaflii.xa KepaMGenoBa 11 mhothx apy- rax HapoaHbix axHHOB nanrero BpeMeHH. B npoH3Be,xeHHax JlwaMfiyaa snHxecKHc moxhbij npeo6ji.iAarox: mo- xhbh 6or.b6bi, co3HflaxeflbHoro xpy;ia h 6e33aBeTHoro repOHSMa, JKH3iib cxpaHM comiaan3Ma uaioxca Soaee KpymibiH luiauou. iesi jiHpH'ieciiHe Kapxiiiibi. Bnnaecxae moxhbh muiaiorca ochobhum crepwHeM b TBopaecxBe ,C[*aM6y,xa. 11Ohh HaOaroaaioxca noxra Bo bccx fioabimix h Ma.xbix npoH3BMenHa\\ ilxaMSyjia. B jiapmecKoft «JIcTHeft necne* JIixaMSyji c HexiHoS .xioSoBbio pwcyex KapxHHu UBexyoiHx noaefl o6paaHO npeflcxaBJiaeT ce6e CoBex- cxyio PoflHHy b BKfle 6-xaroyxamiuero cana, yxonaioiuero b UBexax. Oflua- ko axil KapxHHw b M3c0paweHHH aKUHa He HaBCHHO 3acxuBume. flpHpoaa xaHx b cefle Moryqyio cnjiy h HaxoflHTCs b 6ecnpepUBH0M pa3BHTHH, ksk h caiua Hama PoflHHa: 3to He BBiiaeTca xpaAHUHOHHoft neibaxcHOii jmpHxofi. Akuh C03Aaa rpoHHKHyxwi nacjiocoM 6opb6hi xapxHiiy Hauiefl cOBpeMeHHoft aeacxBH- runLu^TD a~* \"\"\"\"\" •• ” ~ cBoeMy 3ByxaHHio. H3o6pa«eHHe Henoi'ojie- 6hmo XBepflofl nocxyna cxpaHbi, ee no6eflu naa BparoM, : XHeS— Bee 3xo c/WBaexca B eaKHuft o6pa3— o6pa3 Haiuefi PonKHbi, Ooproiueflca 3a nocxpoeHHe KOMMVHHcxHxecKoro oOmecxBa. flos-roMy b no- axbina BMecxe c aHpHxecKHMH uyBCXBaMH a anHiecKHe ______ CxpeMJieilHC npOHBHTb 30, BpOCJiaBHXb 0XHH3Hy CE

rocoBcrcKoro leaoBeua, a sto onpeae-iHCT h xapairrcp coBcTCKOii anpH- a, npoHHKHyrofi ayxou c03HaaT&HbHoro Tpyaa, ayxoM 6opb6u .a no6ea. flxauCyn Bocnenacx MywecTBeHHyio 6opb6y coBeTcuHX aioaefi b Jiwpo- smnecnoMn.iaHC. SnH'iecKHe mothbm oco6eHiio npico iia0.noaaiOTCii b Tex eronpon3BejeiiHHX, roe mofipaixaeTcii BeaitKan OTC'iecTceimaii Boinia. H*au6ya npocaaBaaeT repomeCKHe Tpaanmm Hauiero napoaa. Oco6o oh omeHaer Beaywyio po.ib pyccKoro Hapoaa h hctophtockh caowHBiuyioca jpy*6y 6paTCKHX HapoaoB CoseTCKoro Coi03a. Hapaay c repoHHecKHHK fount CoBeTCKon ApMHH aitbiii BocneBaeT cobctckhc ropoaa. y ctch ko- Topux 6hi.i aaw ornop Bpary, — JleiniHrp.ia, Mocxay, CTaaiiHrpaa, Bo- poaeK, a TaifJKc npocTOpu ,/Iona, KaBK33a, YKpaimbi. B ofipaaax ropo- aoB-repoeB oh socneBaer cobctckhx aioaeii, repoeB bomhij. Oco6chho bkhkobchho oh c.iauiiT JleHHHrpaa h MocKoy. Oiih — K0.iu6e.ib, roe po- w n a 6biai! Baae.ieaiibi csoSoaa, HapoaHOe ciacTbe, OTKyaa, nayr ny- ™x CBeraOHv Cyaymeuy. B cbocm 3iiaMeHHT0M roaray «JleiiHiirpaaubi, HanoMHHaa, mto JleHimrpaa HB.meTcii Ko.iuCeawo pcBOaiouHH, ne«T- POMpyccKoil Ky.ibTypu, Ai«aM6ya ronopiiT h o tom, mo cyab6a xasax- cxoro Hapoaa h b npouiaou, h Hbiiie Tecuo CBiraana c 3thm ropoaoM. 3th ohxk fl*aM6yaa 3aHHMaioT BuaajomeecH mccto b pnay cthxotbopchhR o JleHHHrpaae laKiix nornoB, nan Huronaft Thxohob, Bepa Hn6ep, Aaei<- IlecHHh TO.iray .HwaMOy.ia nepnoaa OtcicctbohiioB bohbu no cbohm xyaowecTBcmibiM aocioHHCTBaM ctoht ropa3ao Bbiuie, >reMero aoBoemiue ”P0H3BeaeRHB. B 3THXneciiHX mm naxoaHMaproe Bbipaateimc raena h B03- “yuieHHa, npe-ipeHHH H HeHaBHCTH k Bpary, Tenable caoBa aiofiBH k ot- Wffle, KoaopHTHbie KapTHHbi npHpoau poaHoro Kpa«, o6pa3u repoeB-naT- PHOTOB. Tax, HanpHMep, b H3BecTiioM Toaray ■rJIeimHrpaaubi, aera moh!» aKbiH b 3pHMbix h naacTHiiihix o6pa3ax nepeaaeT cboio naaMeHHyio aio6oBb x mpoay JleHHHa: p. 391.

A k u h B b ip aw a er cboio B epy b HenofSeaHMOCTb M o ck bh : H Te npo«3BeaeHHH aKbina, b KOTopux ocBemacrca MHpHufi rpya cobctckhx juoaeS b Tujiy, rjiyfioxo npoHHKHyru HaesMH ofiopoHU cTpaiiu, b hhx MyacTByeTca 6oeBofi ayx naTpiitmi'iecKHX neccH. .floOjiecTHuH Tpya xawaoro KOJixo3HHKa, paConero b Tuny paBHocu.ieH n.iu axbiHa noaBH- raM repoes Ha <J>poHTe. TeMa repoHqecxoro Tpyaa b THJiy h nOMOimi <ppoH- Ty eme Cojibiue pacuiHpnGTca n pa3BHBacTcs b raxHX np0H3BeaeHHSx, xax «JleTHHa necHa», «/ICByuiKa Ha CTaabiiOM Tyanape*, cKiurrBa noa 3HaMCHeM». B HHXMbI HaXOAHM MaCTepCKH HapHCOBBHHbie KapTHHbl JKH3HH h 6hiTa TpywciiHKOB couHanHCTHHecKHx noaeii h npupoau poaHoro xpan. Bonpocbi noaTHMCCKoro TaaaHxa, xyaoiKecTBeHHoro MacxepcxBa Hwaw- Oyjia hbahiotch y3.10Bu.MH BonpocaMH ero XBopneciBa. 3aecb mm ocxa- HaBaHBaeMCH TO.IbKO Ha HCKOTOpblX OCOfieHHOCTHX eTO pcaJIHCTHMeCKOii H033HH, KOTopasi no CBOCMy xyaoHcecTBBHHOMy cthjiio, npeoaoaeB paMKH <J>oabxaopa, maniyaa aaaci<o Bnepea, x TpaaHUHXM nucbMcHiiofl jinrcpa- Typu. rioiTH b Kawaofl nec«e JI>KaM6yjia mo>kho HaOaxiaaTb o6pa3m,t XyaOJKeCTBeHHHXo60POtOB, 1130Gpa3HTe.H>HblXCpcaCTB, H3UK0BUX 06pa3OB, npHcyuiHX nxcbMeHHoS nossHH. il*aM6yn xax no3x, xoHenio, He cpa3y nonaa b c(J)epy bjthshhsi xpa- aHHHfi h no3THMecKoro MacxepcxBa nHCbMeHHOfi no93HH. ilo Mepe CBoero HaefiHO-TBOp'iecxoro pocra oh men x sxoMy nocTeneHHO, ho ynopHO, h, BnocaeacTBHH aocTHr OoabuiHX ycnexoB b conexaHHH aynuinx Tpa.iHunfl ycTiiofi h nuchMeHHoii no33HH. B aopeBoaiouHOHHbix npoH3BeaeHHxx HwaM- 6yaa ocHOBHoe Mecro npHHaanewHr xpaaKiiHHM yCTHofi Hapoauofi no33nvi. Bojibiuaa qacxb neceH, nocBBinemibix cobctcxoA aeflcTBHTe.ibiiocTH. co3aa- Ha axbrnoM no xyaowecTBeiiHOMy o6pa3uy fpaaHUHOHHoro (fcoJibKJiopa. Tax. HanpHMep. o Cobcxckom Ka3axc.xaHe b 3aKnioHHxe.'ibHoft lacxn noaiiu 196



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