Dau tranh chong cac quan diem, luan dieu xuyen tac

["Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 99 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang mang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, b\u1edfi theo h\u1ecd, th\u1eddi th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 (cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX) \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3, gian kh\u1ed5, hao t\u1ed5n bi\u1ebft bao x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u (!). V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c \u201ct\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d, \u201cch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX? (!) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft \u201cch\u1ecdn sai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1 nh\u01b0...\u201d. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ai, m\u00e0 suy cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ba mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf Trung K\u1ef3, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng Duy T\u00e2n, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Du, T\u00e2y Du do c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i do Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh,... C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, song t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e2m v\u00e0o b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0","100 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m - t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng theo h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u1ed1i, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng qua kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i v\u1eeba b\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eaft ng\u1ea5m v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u01b0 \u00e2m c\u00e2u n\u00f3i v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc: \u201cS\u00e1t th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u201d. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u201ct\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra\u201d1 nh\u01b0 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. C\u1ee5 \u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 chung chung, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917. C\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u0111i v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m giao th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n cho nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. C\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, nh\u01b0ng khi nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u1ea5m C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m ngh\u0129 th\u1eadt x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd: May thay! \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fac kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee5c, m\u00e2y m\u00f9, th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 xu\u00e2n th\u1ed5i t\u1edbi; \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fac tr\u1eddi khuya \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.401.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 101 tia th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdc ra, lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 xu\u00e2n \u1ea5y, tia th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eady1. Nh\u01b0ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua \u201cm\u1ed9t tr\u0103m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d (l\u1eddi c\u1ee5 than th\u1edf), khi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n, s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7t, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, khoa h\u1ecdc. V\u00e0, ch\u00ednh Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi. Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cMu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n\u201d2, \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7\u201d3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp ra \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n n\u1ed5i. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945. Sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta thi\u1ebft tha mong mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, song b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 9 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft, 4 n\u0103m sau _______________ 1. Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb. Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, Hu\u1ebf, 1990. 2, 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.30, 563.","102 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tranh bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng oanh li\u1ec7t m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1985, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Song, c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do ch\u1ee7 quan duy \u00fd ch\u00ed, vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI (th\u00e1ng 12-1986) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft 20 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 X (th\u00e1ng 4-2006) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u201cto l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d1. V\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb, nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111ang \u0111i. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3a XII \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. 2. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i thay, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi th\u1ebf _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (kh\u00f3a VI, VII, VIII, IX, X), S\u0111d, p.II, tr.305.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 103 l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111ang \u0111i. L\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cay \u0111\u1eafng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean. N\u00f3i \u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i thay\u201d - \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f2n \u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7c cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga (n\u0103m 1917) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n bi th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eb3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y h\u00ed h\u1eedng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1o chung, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft!!!\u201d. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201ctr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi\u201d do M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng. Song, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng: Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u201cc\u00e1o chung\u201d.","104 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, song kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1nh xe l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm ch\u1ec9 ra hai lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 trong c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n danh c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o ng\u1eebng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, can thi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba tinh vi, v\u1eeba tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 th\u1eafng\u201d. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn; n\u1ebfu 20 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cao, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ecdn x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i thao t\u00fang c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 105 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng M\u00e1c hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3; c\u00f2n nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 ra sao, th\u00ec kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d1. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh\u201d v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1eabn l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ra \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. T\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 trong Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, r\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfn tranh can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a 14 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t,... M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1 ra Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi (NEP), nh\u01b0ng sau khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng _______________ 1. V.I.L\u00eanin: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 1976, t.34, tr.152-153.","106 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1ed9 r\u00f5. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c X\u00f4vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc X\u00f4vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung cao, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cho ph\u00e9p huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y 20 n\u0103m, m\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n anh d\u0169ng, hy sinh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 t\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn, vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y. Sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, duy tr\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, khi m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u01b0\u1ee3t","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 107 b\u1eadc, khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ki\u1ec3u Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, coi nh\u1eb9 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 bao c\u1ea5p tr\u00e0n lan, tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, do \u0111\u00f3 tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a t\u1eadp trung quan li\u00eau, bao c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n, s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thua k\u00e9m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Trong khi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1edf quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a quan li\u00eau ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u0169 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch g\u00ec ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.","108 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Do ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u00ean h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 thua k\u00e9m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 V.I.L\u00eanin n\u00f3i, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, s\u1ef1 x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng trong t\u01b0 duy l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u00fang c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb t\u1ea3 sang h\u1eefu. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 quan n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a suy y\u1ebfu, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin sinh ra, m\u00e0 do quan ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 quan duy \u00fd ch\u00ed, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i tinh th\u1ea7n duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng - \u201clinh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng do nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169, th\u00ec c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 nh\u1eb1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec, theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i n\u00e0o. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef \u201cn\u1ebfu\u201d, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c cay \u0111\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 109 N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 m\u00e1cx\u00edt, l\u00eaninn\u00edt v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao Li\u00ean bang X\u00f4vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5? M\u1ecdi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 c\u00e1o chung\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, s\u1ef1 \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f5 \u0111o\u00e1n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. Hai l\u00e0, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh su\u00f4n s\u1ebb, \u00eam th\u1ea5m, tr\u01a1n tru. N\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi trong s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm t\u00f2i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 dai d\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u0169, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, b\u00ean trong, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 khi do sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u00f3 khi do t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 khi do b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chung kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 khi do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1789, tr\u1ea3i qua bao bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, khi nghi\u00eang sang t\u1ea3, khi ng\u1ea3 sang h\u1eefu (theo chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3), cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 02- 1848, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 60 n\u0103m, n\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t.","110 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... V.I.L\u00eanin ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cS\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi tr\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u201ctr\u00f2ng tr\u00e0nh\u201d h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 b\u00e3o t\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00f2 m\u1eabm, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, do d\u1ef1, ng\u1ea3 nghi\u00eang trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf kh\u00e1ch quan m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i l\u00ean, cao tr\u00e0o n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp cao tr\u00e0o, ba d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh thu\u1eadn bu\u1ed3m xu\u00f4i gi\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00fa s\u1ed1c th\u1eadt kinh ho\u00e0ng, gh\u00ea g\u1edbm! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i thay nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1917. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt Fr.Fukuyama cho r\u1eb1ng, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, qu\u00e1 \u01b0 v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, m\u00e0","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 111 x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nan gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a, nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 theo quy lu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd ti\u00eau vong v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay, sau khi Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tan r\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t xa v\u1eddi, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 quan, phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o quy lu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed mang t\u00ednh kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa \u1edf ch\u1ed7, c\u00e1c","112 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... s\u0129 phu tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ed3i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec coi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai ngh\u00e8o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee5c... Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c b\u00f4n ba kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, qua th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do\u201d th\u00ec lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u201cMu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n\u201d1 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; n\u1ebfu ai qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong h\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m qua. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng, trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 r\u1ed1i ren, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u00f2 _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.30.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 113 m\u1eabm, v\u1ea5p v\u00e1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i dung, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf, m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, kh\u00f4n ngoan trong s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay cho quan ni\u1ec7m c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, b\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay, theo nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh h\u1eadu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n minh tin h\u1ecdc, v\u0103n minh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7... T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ed5 \u00edch khi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1cx\u00edt tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng xem nh\u1eb9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5: Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u0103n minh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c tranh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y l\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i \u201cti\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i dung, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o!","114 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra l\u00f4gic c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdc l\u00ean ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a... V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n. L\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e1cx\u00edt v\u1ec1 5 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 l\u00f4gic c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e9t tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7). L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed3i suy vong c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thay th\u1ebf l\u1eabn nhau h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 115 minh, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i Ph.\u0102ngghen \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00e3 man, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0103n minh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 sao! Tuy hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3. 3. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u00dd ki\u1ebfn b\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f9i v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, n\u1ebfu th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1eefa, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00fang ta, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i (!). M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, \u201cChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i\u201d sang con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ch\u0103ng? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u201cki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 sau th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh","116 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 500 n\u0103m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, tinh x\u1ea3o, tinh vi, nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u201cth\u00f4ng minh\u201d, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u... V\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ed1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 cung, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p. Do x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, ph\u00e2n chia l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc mang t\u00ednh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u201cch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1917 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1991, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Sau khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh \u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d \u1edf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi? (!). Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u201ch\u1eadu X\u00f4vi\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm b\u00e1c b\u1ecf k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn: Ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt ai c\u00f2n mang \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt d\u1ea7n. Xem ra \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 117 l\u00e2u m\u1edbi ti\u00eau vong, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ti\u00eau vong. Th\u1eadt ra, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, sai l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 cay \u0111\u1eafng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u1eefa c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng hoan h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y n\u00e0y b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh quay v\u1ec1 nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o: Coi ch\u1eebng nguy c\u01a1 \u0111e d\u1ecda v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb ngay trong l\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n t\u1ec9nh\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n\u201d, \u0111ang th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p g\u00ec m\u00e0u nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, th\u00edch nghi. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1eadu t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n\u201d hay \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi\u201d, \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d... m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u01b0a d\u00f9ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t; v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nguy\u00ean xi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft l\u00fd do t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n minh. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin \u1edf ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi \u0111ang g\u00f5 c\u1eeda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Qua cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh","118 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... kh\u00e1ch l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat ni\u1ec1m tin \u1edf ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Hai l\u00e0, v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i thay, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i - con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a - v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed5i thay. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung m\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u00ec. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu th\u1ebf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1991 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quanh co; song, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d1. M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI, VII, VIII, IX, X), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2005, p.I, tr.410.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 119 nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y sang h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, suy \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t cao c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang sinh ra nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch quan, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi - ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang hay b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.","120 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebfch s\u00f9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed si\u00eau qu\u1ed1c gia. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1i v\u1ecf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n - m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan - \u0111ang t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u00f3a cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3\u201d (Ph.\u0102ngghen) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp mang h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n; c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i \u201cn\u1eeda n\u1ecd n\u1eeda kia\u201d, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, theo C.M\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra, \u1edf M\u1ef9 h\u01a1n 11 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu doanh nghi\u1ec7p; \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 121 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n B\u1eafc \u00c2u, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i... V\u1eady l\u00e0, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 V.I.L\u00eanin t\u1eebng h\u00ecnh dung: Ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00ecn sang ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khung c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, trong m\u1ed7i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a? C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1eeda thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a khi vai tr\u00f2 chi ph\u1ed1i thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, trong s\u00e2u xa l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch chi ph\u1ed1i, thao t\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ngay gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i vi, gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ngay trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. \u0110\u00e3 h\u1ed9i","122 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... nh\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t, v\u1eeba c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. M\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chi ph\u1ed1i, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do h\u00f3a, t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y \u0111ua v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1y theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e9t tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 xu th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 n\u00f3 m\u1edf ra, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1edfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, suy cho c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5c thang cao h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d (C.M\u00e1c), m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, v\u0103n minh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00e3i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 suy lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u00edch","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 123 l\u0169y th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn m\u1edbi tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cho t\u1edbi khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m. Bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u201cv\u1eadt c\u1ef1c t\u1eafc ph\u1ea3n\u201d (L\u00e3o T\u1eed) t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec7t vong, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, v\u0103n minh h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u201ckh\u00e2u y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c\u201d c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Xu th\u1ebf t\u1ea3 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI\u201d \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 Latinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Trong T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Die Woche c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c, s\u1ed1 ra ng\u00e0y 28-1-2000, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Jan Puhl \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong v\u00f2ng 20 n\u0103m qua, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f2i n\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (= ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n) tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh mang t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u\u201d. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Roma, \u00f4ng Ricardo Diez Hochleitner (ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha) \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cNgh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5 ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u. Khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng","124 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... M\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng L\u00eanin m\u1edbi v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i\u201d1. 4. Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u00e0 m\u00e3i t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m qua, \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed. \u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Kh\u00e1ch quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 ba\u201d n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 _______________ 1. Th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 7-2000.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 125 v\u1ebd ng\u1ee5y trang th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, hay ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch c\u00f2n v\u00f4 v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed1n nguy c\u01a1 m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3a VII (th\u00e1ng 1-1994) n\u00eau ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 6 (l\u1ea7n 2) kh\u00f3a VIII v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u01b0ng qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1ebfn nay, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 4 kh\u00f3a XI v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c nguy c\u01a1, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00f3 c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c H\u1ed3: \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee9 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1ebft r\u00e9t, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, theo B\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.175.","126 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh t\u1ebf. Kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o nguy c\u01a1. Ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 qua bao c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, \u201cl\u00e0m thu\u00ea\u201d cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, trong khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111i v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ee9t ph\u00e1 l\u00ean th\u1eadt nhanh th\u00ec kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c tranh th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, tranh th\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sau, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u0103n minh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. V.I.L\u00eanin s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t t\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga: \u201cD\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai tay m\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i: Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n X\u00f4vi\u1ebft + tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft Ph\u1ed5 + k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u01a1r\u1edbt \u1edf M\u1ef9 + ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 etc. etc + + = \u2211 (t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i) = ch\u1ee7","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 127 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d1. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, b\u1ecf qua ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m sai tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (n\u0103m 1986), \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5m th\u00eda r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m trong ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, V.I.L\u00eanin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, r\u1eb1ng trong c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea9y r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u0103m lo \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. _______________ 1. V.I.L\u00eanin: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2006, t.36, tr.684.","128 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u201cd\u0129 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng v\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, th\u00f4ng minh t\u00ednh ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n, tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay.","129 T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH V\u1ec0 D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 V\u00c0 TH\u1ef0C TI\u1ec4N \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM HI\u1ec6N NAY PGS.TS. \u0110\u1ed6 TH\u1eca TH\u1ea0CH* K\u1ebf th\u1eeba l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00fac sinh th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7; \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n\u201d1. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec qu\u00fd b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a _______________ * H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.249. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.501. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.10, tr.453.","130 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, coi tr\u1ecdng d\u00e2n, \u201cl\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean: \u201cD\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean\u201d1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7: \u201cN\u01af\u1edaC TA L\u00c0 N\u01af\u1edaC D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6 Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do d\u00e2n c\u1eed ra. \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 do d\u00e2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf n\u01a1i d\u00e2n\u201d2. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf coi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00f3 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d3. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u00edch _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.333. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.6, tr.232. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.376.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 131 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi (Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng an, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i...) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 hai, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu: \u201cL\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ai chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3\u201d1. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ai d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d2. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do d\u00e2n. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. D\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1. C\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Do v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u1eady. V\u1eady n\u00ean, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, do _______________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.19, 64.","132 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Do v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao d\u00e2n tr\u00ed. \u201cM\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c y\u1ebfu\u201d1 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi n\u1ea1n d\u1ed1t th\u00ec m\u00e3i m\u00e3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n; l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb th\u1eadt trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Do v\u1eady, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u1ea5m no, t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.7.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 133 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n m\u1edbi tin, m\u1edbi d\u00e1m n\u00f3i, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan; kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, n\u00f3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5, gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho l\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n, th\u00f3i quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n,... Vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, do \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang vui l\u00f2ng ra s\u1ee9c l\u00e0m... \u201cph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia th\u00ec m\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tham gia c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, mau ch\u00f3ng\u201d1. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u0103n d\u1eb7n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: \u201cPh\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u m\u1eb7c l\u00f2ng, nh\u1eefng _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.362.","134 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed ki\u1ec7n cho d\u00e2n m\u1ed7i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111em t\u1edbi... N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ta \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd\u201d1. L\u00fac sinh th\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1eadn tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng B\u00e1c v\u1eabn d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp d\u00e2n, l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, B\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ba l\u1ea7n. B\u00e1c ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng: C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi xem m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ee3i, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau, tham \u00f4, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng, tr\u00e1nh, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u201cAi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa th\u00ec Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng khoan dung\u201d2. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n _______________ 1, 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.51-52, 66.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 135 k\u1ebft, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i noi theo. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n coi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m qua, k\u1ebft tinh trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng ta k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 VI, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, trao cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01a1i ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc","136 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, coi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh. Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ed9i dung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh trong 5 b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nay. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ghi r\u00f5: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 2013 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u, r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: D\u00e2n bi\u1ebft, d\u00e2n b\u00e0n, d\u00e2n l\u00e0m, d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau: Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111ang t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111ang","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A - M\u00c1C L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH... 137 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, sao cho: Bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf n\u01a1i d\u00e2n; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n\u201d: Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00ec d\u00e2n. Hai l\u00e0, t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd...). D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, d\u00e2n tr\u00ed th\u1ea5p, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u00f3i quen ti\u1ec3u n\u00f4ng l\u00e0ng x\u00e3. V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n no, m\u1eb7c \u1ea5m, b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec. Theo \u0111\u00f3, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd; c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n tr\u00ed, d\u00e2n kh\u00ed (kh\u00ed th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n), d\u00e2n sinh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.","138 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Ba l\u00e0, t\u1eadp trung kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00f2ng, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u1edbi tham nh\u0169ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, quy t\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1eadp l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp, th\u00f3i quen, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i dung to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.","139 Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A M\u00c1C - L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH, \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1ed0I, QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG C\u1ed8NG S\u1ea2N VI\u1ec6T NAM","140","141 NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N V\u00c0 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M SAI TR\u00c1I, TH\u00d9 \u0110\u1ecaCH, XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A M\u00c1C - L\u00caNIN, T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH, \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG L\u1ed0I, QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ea2NG TRONG T\u00ccNH H\u00ccNH HI\u1ec6N NAY Trung t\u01b0\u1edbng NGUY\u1ec4N TR\u1eccNG NGH\u0128A* Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t tinh vi; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 internet ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u tin, b\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0: N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ho\u00e0i nghi, m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng _______________ * \u1ee6y vi\u00ean Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7m T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.","142 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0103n s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang; t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u00e1ch, b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u k\u00eanh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Qua nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e1cx\u00edt nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trang m\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean internet l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n, \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 ch\u00fang khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ed5 x\u00fay nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 143 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i h\u00f3a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n \u201cv\u0103n minh\u201d, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eb1m thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn duy v\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1cx\u00edt. Theo h\u1ecd, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua n\u1ec1n \u201cv\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d t\u1edbi \u201cv\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n minh h\u1eadu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u1edbi nay tr\u1ea3i qua b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111ang qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, theo \u0111\u00fang quy lu\u1eadt v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; ch\u00fang c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ki\u1ebfn, ti\u1ec1n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n (!); n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u201ckhuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7\u201d Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed9n! Hai l\u00e0, ca t\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng cao, do v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n","144 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. R\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t ch\u00f4n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n\u201d, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vai tr\u00f2 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a... Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u201cv\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Ba l\u00e0, c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, nh\u1eb1m \u201ch\u1ea1 b\u1ec7\u201d t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u00eau th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u00e1c hi\u1ec3m. Ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n danh \u201cnh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201cnh\u00e0 bi\u00ean kh\u1ea3o\u201d v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, \u201cvay m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d; hay c\u1eaft r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin h\u00f2ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng, cho r\u1eb1ng, hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 \u201cl\u1ed7i th\u1eddi\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc qua c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (!). \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 145 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n \u0111\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh \u201cc\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn\u201d trong m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; c\u1eaft r\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u1ed7: B\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n, lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o gieo r\u1eafc s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u201ckho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng\u201d v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta; t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u00ean trong\u201d, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u201c\u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u201d, \u0111\u00f2i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cthen ch\u1ed1t\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang ra s\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \u201c\u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u201c\u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u201d, coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n \u0111\u00f2n l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i, \u201cb\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1\u201d l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu cho m\u01b0u toan th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. Theo h\u1ecd, \u201cT\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d1. T\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1c c\u00e1i v\u1ecf \u201cv\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d, m\u1ecb d\u00e2n, d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, dao _______________ 1. Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2007, tr.53.","146 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi, thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u201cl\u00e1i\u201d n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta sang n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ki\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n lu\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n (!). N\u0103m l\u00e0, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e1i thai c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh \u201cn\u1ed3i da x\u00e1o th\u1ecbt\u201d, l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cc\u1ee9 lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n trong c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o\u201d; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1cx\u00edt b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0 v\u00f4\u201d, \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph.\u0102ngghen ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d; ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u Ng\u00f4, m\u00ecnh S\u1edf\u201d, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi l\u1eeda, l\u00e0m chia r\u1ebd kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (!)... Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, \u0111\u00f2i x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0110i\u1ec1u 4 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u1eadm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 147 ta l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n, tham nh\u0169ng... S\u00e1u l\u00e0, c\u1ed5 x\u00fay cho lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cqu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i phi giai c\u1ea5p\u201d, \u201cqu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1\u201d nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201cphi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a\u201d Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u201cphi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f3a\u201d qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c; v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ch\u00fang l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o. \u00dd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, chia r\u1ebd qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i (!). V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, phai nh\u1ea1t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng khai t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, song cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng xa v\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 (!). C\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi ng\u1edd t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (!). C\u00f3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, nay c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111i t\u00ecm \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t\u201d, \u201cs\u00e1m h\u1ed1i\u201d, \u201ctr\u1edf c\u1edd\u201d, \u201cb\u1edbi l\u00f4ng t\u00ecm v\u1ebft\u201d, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n tr\u1eafng, \u0111en, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f2i \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d,","148 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u201cd\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a\u201d... Tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng khai x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, c\u1ed5 x\u00fay, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi quan, hoang mang, nghi ng\u1edd trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ta. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph.\u0102ngghen: M\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh v\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, V.I.L\u00eanin c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 n\u1ebfu tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a"]