Dau tranh chong cac quan diem, luan dieu xuyen tac

["Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 249 ngh\u0129a; hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n m\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau. Theo Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u201cn\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ef1 do, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec\u201d1. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Theo l\u00f4g\u00edc c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.64.","250 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c1, v\u00ec v\u1eady v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 khi\u00ean c\u01b0\u1ee1ng (!). T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi l\u00fd l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu coi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5, \u1eaft c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn c\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 theo. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd sai l\u1ea7m; h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i; h\u1ecd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 quy l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu (!). Sau s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng cho r\u1eb1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd nh\u1eafc \u0111i, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u: \u201cH\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d, \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tan r\u00e3, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m. H\u1ecd k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e3y th\u00e1o b\u1ecf c\u00e1i \u201cv\u00f2ng kim c\u00f4\u201d \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (!).","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 251 C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi: \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb sang d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a (!). \u00c2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00f2i thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau m\u00ecnh, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ee9 \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (!). V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i; trong khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201cc\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do\u201d th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cn\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d theo \u0111u\u00f4i Trung Qu\u1ed1c; do v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ea5p r\u00fat thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i nhanh ch\u00f3ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c (!). V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf theo ti\u00eau ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0","252 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... n\u01b0\u1edbc, kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u ch\u1ee7, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc (!). Ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea5y kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf: \u201cc\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf; c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt\u201d1. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, v\u1eeba c\u00f4ng khai, tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: Phao tin \u0111\u1ed3n nh\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m c\u1ee7a G\u01a1ben l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec n\u00f3i m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n s\u1ebd tin\u201d, tung l\u00ean c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII, S\u0111d, tr.102-103.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 253 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao; \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTuy\u00ean b\u1ed1\u201d, \u201cTuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n\u201d, \u201cKi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u201d, \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d... g\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng internet, c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c blog c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp; t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd, chia r\u1ebd c\u00f4ng an, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i; h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, lan t\u1ecfa nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sai tr\u00e1i, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta... \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng m\u1eafc m\u01b0u c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Hai l\u00e0, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d;","254 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m l\u00fd s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n, s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p th\u1eadt v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u201ct\u1ef1 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\u201d (!). Ba l\u00e0, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u1eafm t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa, v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecb d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ly khai, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, tinh hoa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho to\u00e0n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 255 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn cao, tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. N\u0103m l\u00e0, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u1eafm t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. N\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, can thi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngoan c\u1ed1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u1eadp trung thu th\u1eadp, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.","256 CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110I L\u00caN CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I - \u1ea2O T\u01af\u1edeNG HAY HI\u1ec6N TH\u1ef0C \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM? PGS.TS. \u0110O\u00c0N TH\u1ebe HANH* B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y xin ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u1ea5m no cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f3ng ma\u201d, \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cm\u01a1 h\u1ed3\u201d, \u201c\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 _______________ * H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 257 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d1. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi (th\u00e1ng 2-1930) v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ng\u1eabu h\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u0169ng tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngay t\u1eeb Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n (n\u0103m 1848), C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph.\u0102ngghen \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea3ng lo\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f3ng ma \u00e1m \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u201d, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n v\u1eabn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao, t\u1eeb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh: c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, phong ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p t\u1edbi cao, t\u1eeb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ee7 _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII, S\u0111d, tr.66.","258 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee9ng minh, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1858, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00fac n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cho th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng hay c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 ch\u00ed kim b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn t\u1eeb kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 259 m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u1eafn phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cMu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n\u201d1. Khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cl\u00e0m t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d2. V\u00e0, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m giai c\u1ea5p tranh \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d3. Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i II (th\u00e1ng 2-1951) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cC\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d4. T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i III (th\u00e1ng 9-1960), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn nhanh, ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d5, l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.12, tr.30. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2005, t.2, tr.2. 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.3, tr.5. 4. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2001, t.12, tr.434. 5. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2002, t.21, tr.635.","260 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Sau \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eafng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 1975, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam, B\u1eafc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang, kh\u00e1c nhau, song tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i IV c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (th\u00e1ng 12-1976) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201ctrong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, v\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, khi giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00ec th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i1. V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u201cb\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d2. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1eeba ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf chung c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u201cv\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf\u201d3 r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh... Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u00edt sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u201cch\u1ee7 quan, n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7\u201d, ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. _______________ 1, 2, 3. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2004, t.37, tr.499, 146, 505.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 261 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i V (th\u00e1ng 3-1982) \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, song, do ch\u01b0a ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u0111ang m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i, ch\u1ee7 quan, duy \u00fd ch\u00ed, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sai l\u1ea7m trong x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng! V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sai l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VI (th\u00e1ng 12-1986) m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cdo ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, b\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng... N\u1eafm v\u1eefng chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t huy quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch","262 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... m\u1ea1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VII (th\u00e1ng 6-1991). Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u tan r\u00e3, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quanh co; song, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d2. \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u201cn\u1eafm v\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0: th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh \u1edf ch\u1eb7ng sau\u201d3. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xa r\u1eddi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf _______________ 1, 2, 3. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (kh\u00f3a VI, VII, VIII, IX, X), S\u0111d, p.I, tr.38, 410, 414.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 263 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i VIII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi - th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i IX (th\u00e1ng 4-2001) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i X (th\u00e1ng 6-2006) m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XI (th\u00e1ng 1-2011) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cSau 20 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn","264 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. \u201c\u0110i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d2. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII (th\u00e1ng 01-2016) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 5 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XI (2011-2015) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cNh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, qua 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d4. Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, t\u1eeb khi L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n (th\u00e1ng 7-1920) trong s\u01a1 th\u1ea3o l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Lu\u1eadn c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft \u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qua 12 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 _______________ 1, 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, S\u0111d, tr.20-21, 70. 3, 4. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII, S\u0111d, tr.65, 66.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 265 trung th\u00e0nh, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00e0m cho con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 t\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, duy v\u1eadt, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u0103n minh, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 sang m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, chung nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3","266 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, \u0111em l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no, t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, t\u1eeb m\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9i t\u1edbi v\u0103n minh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u01a1n 7 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Song, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u1edfi v\u1eabn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1eabu trong gi\u00f4ng b\u00e3o, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 267 \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1eabn ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u1eabu con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u gian nan, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, song, v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qua h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.","268 PH\u1ea2I CH\u0102NG KI\u00caN \u0110\u1ecaNH CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110I L\u00caN CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I L\u00c0 SAI L\u1ea6M, L\u00c0 \u0110I THEO V\u1ebeT XE \u0110\u1ed5 C\u1ee6A LI\u00caN X\u00d4? Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, PGS.TS. NGUY\u1ec4N B\u00c1 D\u01af\u01a0NG* \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, l\u00e0m n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn th\u00eam. V\u1eady m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u1ea1c l\u00f5ng, \u0111\u00f2i \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sai l\u1ea7m, d\u1eabn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t\u201d (!), \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c? H\u1ecd ra s\u1ee9c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 _______________ * Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u0103n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 269 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1o chung, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u (!). H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c: \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 M\u00e1c n\u00eau ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d; kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d1; r\u1ed3i khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u201c\u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u201d (!)... \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u phi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tung ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, l\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ho\u00e0i nghi, bi quan, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, suy gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau, khi tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n, l\u00fac tinh vi, khi r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9, l\u00fac \u201cl\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m\u201d, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u, cung b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c nhau, song chung m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cm\u01b0a d\u1ea7m th\u1ea5m l\u00e2u\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, sai tr\u00e1i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta nh\u1eadn _______________ 1. Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111d, tr.48.","270 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u1eefng tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111ang \u0111i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00edch ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. T\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m qua d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cgi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o theo h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c theo h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, song, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u d\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn b\u1ebf t\u1eafc,","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 271 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng, ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111en t\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee9u nh\u00e0, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ea3o nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 noi theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n B\u00f4ns\u00eav\u00edch c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi. \u201c\u0110i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d1 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u01a1n 87 n\u0103m qua, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 tr\u1eddi ban cho, ch\u00faa mang \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 may r\u1ee7i hay l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, hy sinh x\u01b0\u01a1ng _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, S\u0111d, tr.70.","272 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 tay sai; \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn? \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady! Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi \u0111ang l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn, h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 \u201cl\u1eebng l\u1eaby n\u0103m ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eafng m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1975, \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft; kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a - h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u, cu\u1ed1n c\u1edd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc? Li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 ghi d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Pari th\u00e1ng 01-1973? T\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hi\u1ec7n nay, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111ang v\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi - v\u1ecb th\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia - d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao \u0111\u00e3","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 273 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111em l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no, t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng t\u1ea7m cao uy t\u00edn, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, \u0111em l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, cho r\u1eb1ng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u (hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u) l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00f3i ch\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng, thi\u1ebfu suy ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u th\u00e2m th\u00f9, quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00f4i \u0111en m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng","274 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p - l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o... th\u00ec l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ai, th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, cam ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tay sai cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng dung th\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111ang g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng mang hai n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng, kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc, t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, x\u00e9t t\u1eeb","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 275 g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga n\u0103m 1917 \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng; t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u1eafp h\u00e0nh tinh; r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, quanh co, kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft tinh, th\u00e2u th\u00e1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, tinh hoa m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra, tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 d\u00e3 t\u00e2m th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0u ma ch\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cn\u1eafn\u201d l\u1ea1i xu th\u1ebf \u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u201cl\u1ea5y g\u1eady ch\u1ecdc b\u00e1nh xe\u201d, nu\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1eb7n b\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f4ng lao v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi","276 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00f5, ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc - qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt; ch\u00ednh Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, ph\u00e1t x\u00edt, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u1ec1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. V\u00e0, trong g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m qua, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, d\u00f9 th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, d\u00f9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc quanh co, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, song t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n b\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, g\u1ea7n 1,5 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. D\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 277 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00fat ra trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u201chi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1ch quan\u201d m\u1edbi, d\u1ef1a ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia - d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbch. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4?\u201d Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4!? N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1eady th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u (hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u) Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o theo m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. M\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a - con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1edfi n\u00f3 phi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. C\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft","278 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e1o chung c\u1ee7a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111em l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0ng sai l\u1ea7m n\u1ebfu ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 C.M\u00e1c, Ph.\u0102ngghen, V.I.L\u00eanin x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u00fang, b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c, Ph.\u0102ngghen, V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i theo l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi Nga, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 h\u01a1n 70 n\u0103m nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean b\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1eadp khu\u00f4n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, l\u00e0m theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i theo v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4\u201d nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00eau rao. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u201c\u0111\u1ed5 d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u1eeda\u201d, mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1, c\u1ea3 tin b\u1ecb l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd x\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i X\u00f4vi\u1ebft.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 279 Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111i ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 trong hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111ang \u0111i, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi, l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u1edbi. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t, nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, v\u0103n minh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... Trung th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1edbm tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed3n vinh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; uy","280 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... t\u00edn v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u1eefng tin h\u01a1n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111i t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, l\u00e0m sao nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam anh d\u0169ng, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean,","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 281 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 gan, b\u1ea1o m\u1ed3m vu kh\u1ed1ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n, quy k\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta sai l\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4?\u201d Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111en t\u1ed1i, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1ebd \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ckhuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7\u201d ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111ang \u0111i (!). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ea7y r\u1eaby b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, do n\u00f3 sinh ra \u201cM\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ea5t","282 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c...\u201d1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang Indiana, Paul Mishler \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, r\u1ed3i c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u201ckhuy\u00ean\u201d ch\u00fang ta theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00edch nghi th\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, tuy n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u1ede trong l\u00f2ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n xuy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f2n r\u00fat t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ba; c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng... l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng, th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u1eef... \u0110i t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t b\u1edfi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0103n b\u00e1m, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jefferey Sachs \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Columbia (New York) cho r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a 1%, do 1% v\u00e0 v\u00ec 1%\u201d _______________ 1. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, S\u1ed1 7 (106), 2009, tr.87-89.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 283 (c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 1% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, do s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 1% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 1% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1)1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0103n b\u00e1m, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu di\u1ec7t vong c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. \u0110i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u phi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u1ea3n khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 l\u1edbn. V\u1edbi th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi c\u01a1, ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nguy c\u01a1, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, _______________ 1. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng L\u00fd lu\u1eadn Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng: Th\u00f4ng tin L\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, S\u1ed1 40 (113), th\u00e1ng 11-2011, tr.6.","284 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111anh th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, l\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc b\u00e9n l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vinh d\u1ef1, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n anh h\u00f9ng.","285 \u0110\u1eb0NG SAU \u0110\u00d2I H\u1eceI \u0110\u1ea2NG PH\u1ea2I THAY \u0110\u1ed5i C\u01af\u01a0NG L\u0128NH L\u00c0 G\u00cc? H\u00c0 \u0110\u0102NG* G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n tr\u00ean internet \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i. \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m qua nh\u1eb1m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n quan li\u00eau, tha h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh g\u1eafn v\u1edbi t\u1ec7 tham nh\u0169ng, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc xung quanh\u201d (!). T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u00f2i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh _______________ * Nguy\u00ean \u1ee6y vi\u00ean Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, nguy\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ban T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - V\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, nguy\u00ean T\u1ed5ng Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp B\u00e1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nguy\u00ean T\u1ed5ng Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.","286 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb sang d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a...\u201d (!). C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh? N\u1ebfu nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, ta s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0: Th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (n\u0103m 2011), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh n\u0103m 1991); th\u1eddi gian Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p 2013, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i ghi trong \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gay g\u1eaft, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f2i thay \u0111\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian \u0110\u1ea3ng ta chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, nh\u00e2n danh \u201ctrung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec d\u00e2n khi v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u1eafng ra l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f2i \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 287 Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn? Ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Tuy v\u1eady, c\u0169ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n r\u00f5 tr\u1eafng \u0111en, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i. N\u00f3i cho c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u00f2i \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u201cth\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201c\u00f4n h\u00f2a\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u00f4n h\u00f2a \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i \u201ct\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c\u201d thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh... Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n b\u00e0n. \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd n\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u tro x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o\u201d, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2m nguy\u201d! C\u00f3 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u201ckh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d? Kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201ckh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mong mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ru\u1ed9t gan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ta. N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y cho ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, l\u00e0m \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1eafc m\u00e0u\u201d. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd v\u1ed7 tay hoan h\u00f4 v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec tin m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (n\u0103m 1996) v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (n\u0103m 2010), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi","288 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, c\u00f3 l\u00fac kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, th\u1eddi c\u01a1. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, kinh t\u1ebf v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u. V\u1eabn bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 \u201ct\u1ee5t h\u1eadu xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f9ng nh\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1i b\u1eaby thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh\u201d nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ang ch\u00ecm trong kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf, h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa c\u00f2n gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1eadn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00ec d\u00e2n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ed1ng quan li\u00eau, tham nh\u0169ng, l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m... trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a nh\u01b0 mong mu\u1ed1n. Tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eb7t, chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea5u c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 289 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta t\u1eebng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 quy k\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ta \u0111ang \u201ckh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 sao? C\u00f3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang trong \u201ct\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o\u201d, \u201cT\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e2m nguy\u201d? Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u00f4 ho\u00e1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ed9 l\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng d\u1eady s\u00f3ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p gi\u00e0n khoan H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng 981 trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f2n nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau la r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 nhu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng m\u1ea5t bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i. Nay th\u00ec, sau c\u01a1n s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3 \u1edf Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng t\u1ea1m y\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u00f4 ho\u00e1n nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3i t\u1ea1m y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, c\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay, khi \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u00ean Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 cha \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf","290 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 sao? Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0y, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3; v\u1ecb th\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 sao? C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201ct\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o\u201d, \u201cT\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2m nguy\u201d th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o. C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (B\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011) ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cC\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 t\u1edbi\u201d1. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011 so v\u1edbi C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh n\u0103m 1991 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 87 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n danh \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, S\u0111d, tr.90.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 291 \u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb sang d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? - M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng mang t\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111i (!). - M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc mang t\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? H\u00e3y thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i (!). - V\u00e0 l\u00f4g\u00edc t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. B\u1ecf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1... (!). Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1edbt l\u1edd ngay c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y l\u00e0: D\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh; do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7... H\u1ecd b\u00f3p m\u00e9o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta - Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n... H\u1ecd ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00ec C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 ghi: \\\"D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m d\u00e2n","292 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p, tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c\\\"1. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u00f2n n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n; ch\u0103m lo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi... Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\\\"2. H\u1ecd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb\u201d m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u201cto\u00e0n tr\u1ecb\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u00f4ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n b\u1ecb vi ph\u1ea1m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh sai hay do l\u00e0m sai C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh? L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sai tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea3ng ta quan t\u00e2m. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c - thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, thay \u0111\u1ed5i Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (!). _______________ 1, 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, S\u0111d, tr.84-85, 85.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 293 N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d th\u00ec C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh n\u1eefa, kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3?","294 V\u1ea0CH TR\u1ea6N B\u1ea2N CH\u1ea4T QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M SAI TR\u00c1I, TH\u00d9 \u0110\u1ecaCH \u201cM\u1ed8T \u0110\u1ea2NG DUY NH\u1ea4T L\u00c3NH \u0110\u1ea0O TH\u00cc KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3 D\u00c2N CH\u1ee6, S\u1ebc \u0110\u01afA \u0110\u1ea4T N\u01af\u1edaC, D\u00c2N T\u1ed8C V\u00c0O NG\u00d5 C\u1ee4T\u201d Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, TS. H\u1ed2 S\u1ef8 LONG* S\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u: \u201c\u1ede qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f5 c\u1ee5t\u201d (!). Tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c blog c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung x\u1ea5u r\u00eau rao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, b\u00f4i son, t\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, hay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee7 _______________ * Ph\u00f3 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 295 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a nguy\u00ean, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch quan, l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eeda phong ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 30 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o S\u01a1n Tr\u00e0, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n th\u00e2n, s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Gi\u1eefa l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c, b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c thanh ni\u00ean y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4... \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3-2-1930. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3","296 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea1nh tranh. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t giai c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea3ng ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh, gi\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t giai c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o l\u00e0 phi giai c\u1ea5p, si\u00eau giai c\u1ea5p... \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. V.I.L\u00eanin vi\u1ebft: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng hay nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Cuba,...; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n); nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00f2i chia s\u1ebb vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u1edf M\u1ef9, Anh, \u0110\u1ee9c... \u1ede","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 297 c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng hay \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi c\u01a1, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a do giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd tranh \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 Ngh\u0129a H\u01b0ng (n\u0103m 1907), \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 L\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn (n\u0103m 1923)... t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp thanh ni\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0: Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0110\u1ea3ng Thanh ni\u00ean, An Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng (n\u0103m 1927), Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng (n\u0103m 1927)... r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tay sai th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t x\u00edt Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0: \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0: Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea3ng (Vi\u1ec7t Qu\u1ed1c), Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ed3ng minh h\u1ed9i (Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1ch)... Trong s\u1ed1 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng mong ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng \u201cl\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u00f2ng t\u00e2m\u201d, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u, toan t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t vong ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng\u201d. Ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam","298 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qua s\u1ef1 \u201cs\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc\u201d kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c duy nh\u1ea5t d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00f9ng tham gia l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t cho qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong \u201ct\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n l\u1eabn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 90 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan, bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t"]