["Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 199 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam minh theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u201cng\u1ecdn c\u1edd\u201d t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p; x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f4ng quy\u1ec1n. Ba l\u00e0, trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tinh hoa truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda, giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 mang v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - giai c\u1ea5p theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c","200 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - l\u00fd lu\u1eadn theo m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111ang n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn xa l\u1ea1, sai l\u1ec7ch s\u1ebd xen v\u00e0o. Trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ec5 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ct\u00e1i t\u1ea1o\u201d t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i ri\u00eang; t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u0103m l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin, sao cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n t\u00e2m, to\u00e0n \u00fd s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u00fd ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, chung s\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn,","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 201 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin. Ni\u1ec1m tin trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c to l\u1edbn gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00ea nin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i xem l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, xem l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang, c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t g\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n; nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh, t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cho t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i s\u00e2u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, qua \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sinh th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed\u201d1, \u201cM\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec trong \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d2. _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.7, tr.34. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.279.","202 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \u201cTi\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, n\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d1. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong t\u01b0 duy l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng - l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7t ra. _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII, S\u0111d, tr.200.","203 TH\u1ee6 \u0110O\u1ea0N M\u1edaI C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C TH\u1ebe L\u1ef0C TH\u00d9 \u0110\u1ecaCH CH\u1ed0NG PH\u00c1 CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A M\u00c1C - L\u00caNIN V\u00c0 V\u0168 KH\u00cd C\u1ee6A CH\u00daNG TA TS. CAO \u0110\u1ee8C TH\u00c1I* Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1nh\u201d k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c \u201cchi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3i s\u00fang\u201d, g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea1o lo\u1ea1n, l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng theo qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfm Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ki\u1ec3u Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u00e1c _______________ * Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p, nguy\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.","204 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u sai tr\u00e1i v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a n\u00f3i chung, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p... l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tham gia. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: nh\u00f3m \u201cKi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb 72\u201d do 72 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00ed th\u1ee9c\u201d so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n (th\u00e1ng 1-2013); nh\u00f3m \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf 61\u201d do 61 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ck\u00fd t\u00ean\u201d tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 2014; nh\u00f3m \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf 127\u201d (th\u00e1ng 12-2015) c\u1ee7a 127 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng (kh\u00f3a XI) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi khai m\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c... Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1eef c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, th\u1eddi gian qua \u0111\u00e3 tung l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cTuy\u00ean b\u1ed1\u201d t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng C\u1ed9ng trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc chia s\u1ebb, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n b\u00e1o ch\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 RFA, RFI, VOA, BBC... khi\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 205 C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 do\u201d, \u201cV\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u201d... \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. S\u1ef1 \u201cti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c\u201d, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u201cTheo d\u00f5i nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d (Human Rights Watch - HRW - c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9); \u201cPh\u00f3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hay K\u00fd gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p: Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res); \u201cNh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do\u201d (Freedom House)... C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u vong ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng Vi\u1ec7t T\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cQu\u1ef9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, \u201c\u1ee6y ban c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n\u201d, \u201cPhong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i t\u00ean S\u00e0i G\u00f2n\u201d...; \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u1ed1i 8406\u201d, \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d... Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c (t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i) v\u1edbi \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ta \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ed9i dung s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i, s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c r\u1eb1ng, \u201cl\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n","206 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... c\u1ee7a bi k\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin\u201d (!). Ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi...\u201d (!). Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u201cv\u1edbi chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7y l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0... Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n\u201d (!)... B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f2n ca ng\u1ee3i h\u1ebft l\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i khi cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y nay \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u b\u1eb1ng b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t... M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7. Quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, minh b\u1ea1ch trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u201d (!). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u201cn\u1ed3i da n\u1ea5u th\u1ecbt\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e0n b\u1ea1o\u201d, l\u00e0 \u201cvi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n\u201d (!). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang, \u201cNh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u201d; \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t\u201d; h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, l\u1eadp h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdp \u00f4n h\u00f2a, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 207 \u00e1p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c\u201d (!). N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin th\u00ec nay chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u00e1c b\u1ecf C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong v\u00e0 sau \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tung l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d, g\u1eedi B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin...\u201d; \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e1m gi\u1eef th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, vi ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho t\u1ec7 tham nh\u0169ng, \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp d\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thao t\u00fang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh...\u201d; \u201cv\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d (!)... \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng\u201d, \u201c\u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (!). C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d4ng cha ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng\u201d; \u201cl\u00e0m con ch\u00e1u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i sai, c\u00e1i","208 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... nh\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu\u201d; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau d\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1... H\u1ecd m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cmong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tr\u1ebb t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, t\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i\u201d (!). N\u0103m 2014, nh\u00f3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf 61\u201d ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, chuy\u1ec3n h\u1eb3n sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb to\u00e0n tr\u1ecb sang d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng \u00f4n h\u00f2a\u201d. N\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u trang m\u1ea1ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d ngay trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u\u201d ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n nay, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u201c\u0111a nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d, \u201c\u0111a \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp\u201d theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t th\u00ec xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o Di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 209 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cx\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u1ecd xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n M\u1ef9\u201d th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed1n quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb s\u1edbm; t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d; cho r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u theo V.I.L\u00eanin m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (!)... V\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta sang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u0169, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n b\u00e0i v\u1edf, \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cKi\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb\u201d... l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Hai l\u00e0, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ba l\u00e0, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang vu c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cth\u00e2n\u201d Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u201cb\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.","210 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... B\u1ed1n l\u00e0, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d nh\u1eb1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d trong \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. \u201cTh\u01b0 ng\u1ecf 127\u201d vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (!). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, vu c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m\u201d (!), ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi (Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4 h\u00ecnh X\u00f4vi\u1ebft\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n theo nguy\u00ean ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 211 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i... Th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u0111i theo, v\u1eabn ng\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec c\u00f9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d (!), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u201cb\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d (!), ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u201c\u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a\u201d, \u201c\u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a\u201d... l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba - ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i lu\u00f4n di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u201cc\u1ee9ng\u201d v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u201cm\u1ec1m\u201d (v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao, v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd...) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c khi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5: T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng","212 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn duy v\u1eadt bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng... B\u1edfi v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, khi \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9... ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ct\u00f4 h\u1ed3ng\u201d, ca ng\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n, b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.","213 \u00c2M M\u01afU, TH\u1ee6 \u0110O\u1ea0N HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG TUY\u00caN TRUY\u1ec0N PH\u1ee6 \u0110\u1ecaNH T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C TH\u1ebe L\u1ef0C TH\u00d9 \u0110\u1ecaCH CH\u1ed0NG PH\u00c1 C\u00c1CH M\u1ea0NG VI\u1ec6T NAM \u0110\u1ea1i \u00fay, ThS. \u0110INH B\u00c1 \u00c2U* G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ra s\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng: Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o (!). V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o, t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i x\u1ea5u, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t _______________ * Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.","214 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1, thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00e1i loa\u201d ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d hay \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng do \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ngh\u0129 ra\u201d (!). Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m, sau khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed9 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d; \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c\u201d (!). V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, Anh h\u00f9ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u201c\u00e1c \u00fd\u201d: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eb9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi c\u1ed5 kim \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec h\u1ebft; \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng H\u1ed3 kia m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc cao s\u00e2u, hu\u1ed1ng chi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng x\u00f4 b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o l\u00fd lu\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, C\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o chuy\u00ean b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 L\u00eanin, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Mao Tr\u1ea1ch \u0110\u00f4ng, tuy r\u1eb1ng To\u00e0n t\u1eadp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea1n ch\u1eef. C\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1edb","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 215 nhi\u1ec1u, gi\u1ecfi ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c x\u01b0a nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y r\u1ed3i \u0111em ra d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eadm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao\u201d (!)1. B\u00e1c b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u00e1c \u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: \u201cN\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d th\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nhanh tay, l\u1eb9 ch\u00e2n, ch\u00eca c\u00e1i r\u1ed5 ra h\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn \u0111ang r\u01a1i; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 1789 n\u00ean vui l\u00f2ng nh\u1ea3 mi\u1ebfng m\u1ed3i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng M\u1ef9 gi\u00e0u s\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u1eefa, b\u00e8n r\u00fat n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 1.000 m\u00e1y bay v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lo... T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn d\u00e0i n\u1eeda th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\u201d2. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u, d\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n hay kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng m\u00e1cx\u00edt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, do L\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp n\u00ean Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. _______________ 1, 2. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u: S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1997, tr.8-9, 12.","216 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n gian kh\u1ed5, hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong hai cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNESCO) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 24c\/18.65 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng UNESCO kh\u00f3a 24 n\u0103m 1987). Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p J.Lacouture \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \u201cH\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c\u201d1. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, _______________ 1. J.Lacouture: H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Nxb. Seuil, Pari, 1967, tr.3-4.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 217 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn mang t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn (!). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u00e0y c\u1ed9p. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 trang, s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp m\u00e0 \u1edf \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, L\u00e3o T\u1eed nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a hai \u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eddi sau ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, ai d\u00e1m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft d\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n v\u0103n, th\u01b0 t\u1eeb, l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n... r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. C\u1ea7n n\u00f3i ngay r\u1eb1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. Xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh khoa b\u1ea3ng, t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m b\u00f4n ba t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u1edf gi\u1eefa trung t\u00e2m v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u; \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf... M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n uy\u00ean th\u00e2m nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ki\u1ec3u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.","218 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... T\u00f9y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi c\u1ea7n uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, b\u00fat chi\u1ebfn... \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111anh th\u00e9p, s\u1eafc s\u1ea3o nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, tham lu\u1eadn, tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u1edf Pari v\u00e0 M\u00e1txc\u01a1va. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i s\u00fac t\u00edch, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, \u00fd t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i nho \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, hay t\u1eadp th\u01a1 \u201cNh\u1eadt k\u00fd trong t\u00f9\u201d c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u00e1nh ngang th\u01a1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng... Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft \u201ct\u1ea7m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00edch c\u00fa\u201d v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 90% \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u1eef, t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 quen s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean ph\u1eadn d\u00e1m v\u00f9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gian nan v\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft sao cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cL\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch: \u201cVi\u1ebft l\u00e0m g\u00ec d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang xem\u201d1. Ch\u1ec9 khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong c\u00e1ch l\u00fd _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.5, tr.339.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 219 lu\u1eadn H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p th\u01a1 ca c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean h\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, vi\u1ec7c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, nh\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u n\u00f3i, c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d, \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do\u201d... \u0111\u00e3 ra v\u1ebb \u201ckh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c\u201d c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u201cCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00f3a ra quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd...\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u1eaft \u0111i v\u1ebf sau nh\u1eb1m xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ebf sau \u1ea5y l\u00e0: \u201c... Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Ra s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n - t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d. B\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ctrong cu\u1ed9c\u201d, \u201cn\u1eafm ch\u1eafc\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u201cv\u00e9n nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n b\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d \u1edf ch\u1ed1n \u201cth\u00e2m cung b\u00ed s\u1eed\u201d... \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t, th\u00eau d\u1ec7t n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u","220 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt h\u00f2ng h\u1ea1 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ecb suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u201ctr\u1edf c\u1edd\u201d, ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i), \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u201cc\u00e1i loa\u201d. S\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau (c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc), t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cnh\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7\u201d, \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn\u201d v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 cay c\u00fa, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ecba chuy\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam th\u1eaft, b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n, h\u1ed3i k\u00fd, vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o, m\u1edf \u201cdi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n\u201d... th\u00f4ng qua blog c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00e0o ch\u1eefa cho nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tinh \u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3. V\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e2n s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb... trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00e0n t\u1edbi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam; k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 221 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i; v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u201cc\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam, ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u201d; v\u1ec1 ch\u0103m lo b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng cho \u0111\u1eddi sau; v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u201cv\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0y t\u1edb trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. C\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cao c\u1ea3, su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi\u00ean t\u00e0i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i - giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1","222 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n vinh. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c (UNESCO). N\u0103m 1987, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 K\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y sinh Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201cAnh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 lan t\u1ecfa m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d (!). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u201d, nh\u1eefng \u201cchuy\u00ean gia\u201d nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp, th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, do v\u1eady, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay (!). Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn,","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 223 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201ch\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u201d, \u201cchuy\u00ean gia\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t giai c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta; ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Do v\u1eady, khi cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Hai l\u00e0, khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u201cch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u201d trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u00f4vanh, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i (!). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, g\u1eafn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, d\u00e2n","224 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u00f4vanh, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n t\u00edn, b\u00e1n nghi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc; c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt b\u1ecb l\u00f4i k\u00e9o, d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 tham gia c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam... Do \u0111\u00f3, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb di s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung sau: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 225 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u x\u1ea5u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u01b0ng, ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y th\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. R\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m x\u1ea5u \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, \u201ch\u00e0ng t\u00f4m h\u00e0ng c\u00e1\u201d \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i; c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 \u201cl\u1edd\u201d \u0111i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7... Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay, r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. \u0110\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\u201d n\u00e0y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u. Do v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 l\u00fd l\u1ebd khoa h\u1ecdc. Th\u1ee9 ba, n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i chung, m\u00f4n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. Sinh th\u1eddi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cm\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3","226 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0 trong s\u00e1ng. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a\u201d, ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u201cdi\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, thu th\u1eadp t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1edbi, phong ph\u00fa gi\u00e1o \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.","227 PH\u1ea2I CH\u0102NG T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I L\u00c0 B\u01af\u1edaC PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 V\u1eacN D\u1ee4NG S\u00c1NG T\u1ea0O CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A M\u00c1C - L\u00caNIN \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM? Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, GS.TS. TR\u01af\u01a0NG GIANG LONG* L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1eefng v\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 IX, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ti\u1ebfp thu tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i... T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n _______________ * Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng C\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edfng T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.","228 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta\u201d1. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i khi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tung ra c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai tr\u00e1i, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u: \u201cT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d h\u00f2ng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p vai tr\u00f2, c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1c x\u00edt \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. 1. V\u00ec sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i? N\u0103m 1858, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb d\u00e3 man, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c, lu\u00f4n nung n\u1ea5u \u00fd ch\u00ed, _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 IX, S\u0111d, tr.83-84.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 229 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u00f9ng d\u1eady \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 do cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 20 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u01a1n 300 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh anh d\u0169ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf, \u0110\u00f4ng Du, \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c, kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i... C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o: Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc... H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn, lu\u00f4n \u0111au \u0111\u00e1u, tr\u0103n tr\u1edf t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tham gia kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea (1885-1896) - cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c danh nho h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Ngh\u1ec7 An, Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Ph\u00f9ng, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 15 qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9, m\u1ed7i qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 qu\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n g\u1ea7n 3.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf (1887-1913) do Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 huy kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng; trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ecb hy sinh, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, che ch\u1edf, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n 30","230 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... n\u0103m b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh ngh\u0129a th\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11-1907 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat t\u1edbi 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia; c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o. Phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf \u1edf Trung K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 l\u00fac t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u l\u1eadp ra phong tr\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Du v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a thanh ni\u00ean sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng sau n\u00e0y. Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0: Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong Li\u00ean minh Nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n suy t\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 231 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft phong tr\u00e0o. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ki\u1ebfn. Phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Y\u00ean Th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Hoa Th\u00e1m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 30 n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch, ban \u0111\u1ea7u theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn, sau chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1ed1i \u201cb\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Y\u00ean B\u00e1i (th\u00e1ng 2-1930) c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc theo l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.","232 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... 2. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 tha h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ra quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u00e0nh, t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin t\u1eeb khi ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, cung c\u1ea5p cho giai c\u1ea5p \u1ea5y v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c mang t\u1ea7m th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 233 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 tan, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201c\u0111en t\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ra\u201d, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n \u0111au \u0111\u00e1u m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7i ni\u1ec1m: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n, ham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0103n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh\u201d1, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm nu\u00f4i ch\u00ed l\u1edbn, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ra \u0111i t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m b\u00f4n ba kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u201cc\u00e1i c\u1ea9m nang th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3\u201d v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m n\u0103m 1945, khai sinh ra n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2u ch\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 voi\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, v\u1edbi _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.4, tr.187.","234 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i vinh quang m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, non s\u00f4ng thu v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! \u1ea4y v\u1eady m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00f2ng \u0111en d\u1ea1 t\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1eafng thay \u0111en, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb1n h\u1ecdc, th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111em ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d, \u201cch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh huynh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e0n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m\u201d (!)... \u0110\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 thay cho h\u1ecd, trong khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1ee3i ca c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u201cth\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Chuy\u00ean gia nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Alain Rusco nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u201c\u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t trang m\u1edbi cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d1. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c _______________ 1. B\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u00f4ng an Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u201cChi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 30-4 trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, ng\u00e0y 30-4-2010.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 235 Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng 30-4-1975, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d1. \u0110\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n phim ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p Daniel Roussel chia s\u1ebb: \u201cNh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n\u201d2. \u0110au \u0111\u1edbn thay! Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh khi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb vong qu\u1ed1c! Sau hai cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng chinh \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9n b\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7, tham v\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng d\u01b0 ch\u1ea5n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a \u201cc\u01a1n b\u00e3o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\u201d _______________ 1. B\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u00f4ng an Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u201cChi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed 30-4 trong m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i\u201d, ng\u00e0y 30-4-2010. 2. B\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n: \u201cTruy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, ng\u00e0y 28-4-2015.","236 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01a1n 70 n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t x\u00edt; \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i... S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00f3t xa, ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n vui m\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng lu loa r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf, trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, b\u1ec7nh quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady. Kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0111\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb. Th\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n \u1ea5y \u00e2m \u1ec9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u1ea3y sinh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tha h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea3ng. M\u1ecdi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng, xa r\u1eddi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 237 l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ee3i \u00edch - \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Ti\u1ebfc thay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V.I.L\u00eanin c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1u, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Li\u00ean X\u00f4, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed - qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y, c\u1ea5m v\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\u201d. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng ta v\u1eabn ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a con thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u00e1c gh\u1ec1nh c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn b\u1edd th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0y nay, sau h\u01a1n 30 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u00e8o, k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh; \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao; v\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c; qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng;","238 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang t\u1ef1 tin ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong xu th\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a. 3. V\u00ec sao c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng cho r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam? Ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang C.M\u00e1c, Ph.\u0102ngghen hay V.I.L\u00eanin, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng lao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1eb1m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc \u1edf t\u1ea7m cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. V\u1edbi thi\u00ean t\u00e0i b\u1ea9m sinh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng C.M\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khai ph\u00e1, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 239 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111i sau, l\u1ebd ra h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf, tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n giao ph\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, t\u1eeb \u201cc\u1eeda ng\u00f5\u201d y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n sinh ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u201ckhung\u201d b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i trong h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay1. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, ti\u1ebfp thu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng tr\u0103n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 C.M\u00e1c giao l\u1ea1i cho h\u1eadu th\u1ebf. B\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p _______________ 1. Xem GS. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2m: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2011.","240 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean xi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, \u201cM\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0o? L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i\u201d1, v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cd\u0129 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng v\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn\u201d, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn, c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam...). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin2, m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i giao ph\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c la l\u1ed1i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu h\u00e8n, run s\u1ee3, th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI. Ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh _______________ 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.1, tr.509-510. 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, t.15, tr.618.","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 241 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1999, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge (Anh) ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 C.M\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1edd The New Yorker (M\u1ef9) c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch T\u1ea1i sao M\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang? c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Terry Eagleton (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p Lancaster, Anh), xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2011, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng C.M\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n d\u00f9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh, th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. C\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh r\u0103n \u0111e v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn tranh sang m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi: L\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 ni\u1ec1m tin, m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, phai m\u1edd l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng","242 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u00f4g\u00edc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay th\u1ebf cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. B\u1edfi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecf \u0111i c\u00e1i n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eed h\u1ecfi t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng? Suy r\u1ed9ng ra, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp, t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ec7. Nh\u1eefng ai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean kia chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, suy vong v\u00e0 s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam; nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 243 t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, m\u1edf c\u1eeda, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u00ec d\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t khi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (B\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103m 2011): \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d1; mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra\u201d2. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a; l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam; s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, do d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea3ng... Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 _______________ 1, 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, S\u0111d, tr.56, 66.","244 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng; ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u0110\u1ea3ng ta kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong s\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp theo v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ch\u00f4ng gai v\u00e0 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a con thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch vinh quang, s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u00e1nh vai c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m ch\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c H\u1ed3.","245 \u201cVI\u1ec6T NAM L\u1ef0A CH\u1eccN CON \u0110\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110I L\u00caN CH\u1ee6 NGH\u0128A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T SAI L\u1ea6M L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec\u201d - M\u1ed8T LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C V\u00d4 C\u00d9NG NGUY HI\u1ec2M V\u00c0 TH\u00c2M \u0110\u1ed8C C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ed0I T\u01af\u1ee2NG C\u01a0 H\u1ed8I CH\u00cdNH TR\u1eca Thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng, PGS.TS. \u0110\u1eb6NG TH\u00c1I GI\u00c1P* Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n tinh vi, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9i, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\u201d, \u201cC\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o t\u1ef1 do\u201d, \u201cC\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\u201d, \u201cV\u0103n \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u201cH\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, \u201cDi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n s\u1ef1\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf ch\u1ed7: Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang n\u1eb7ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng lao nh\u01b0ng do hoang mang, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p v\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. _______________ * Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p cao, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb C\u00f4ng an nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.","246 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea3y sinh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u201cng\u1ecdn c\u1edd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng khai h\u00f3a, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. Nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, suy tho\u00e1i, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u201cng\u1ecdn c\u1edd\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 ta tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd, h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh - n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng ta; ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ch\u00fang \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, nay \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i lai n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam (!). Trong h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a","Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai: NH\u1eacN DI\u1ec6N C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U... 247 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n. V\u1edbi lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00f3a b\u1ecf vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta m\u00e0 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Ngay t\u1eeb khi m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, trong Ch\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eafn t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cl\u00e0m t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\u201d1. Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ed s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e1i H\u1ecdc, Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u, Phan Ch\u00e2u Trinh... \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng phong ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph.\u0102ngghen l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00eau _______________ 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam: V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, S\u0111d, 2005, t.2, tr.2.","248 \u0110\u1ea4U TRANH CH\u1ed0NG C\u00c1C QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M, LU\u1eacN \u0110I\u1ec6U XUY\u00caN T\u1ea0C... l\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a C.M\u00e1c v\u00e0 Ph.\u0102ngghen, V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi sang ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, V.I.L\u00eanin cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0n t\u00edch phong ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0m cho m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 phong ki\u1ebfn tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc Nga c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Nga \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Nga ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n (d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi), ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u00ean c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf, l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7"]
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