["CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 4 VI\u1ebeT PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG V\u00d4 C\u01a0 A. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u1ea2I B\u00c0I T\u1eacP CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 101","B. GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT C\u00c1C D\u1ea0NG B\u00c0I T\u1eacP 102 D\u1ea1ng 1: VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG THEO L\u1edcI M\u00d4 T\u1ea2 C\u00e2u 1. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi: a) Cho b\u1ed9t Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. b) Cho Fe3O4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0","c) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed SO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u - Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2\uf0ad Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4 + 4H2O 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 2H2SO4 C\u00e2u 2. Cho FeCl2 v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m KMnO4 v\u00e0 H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u00f3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed X. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Chia Y th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n. S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n 1. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0) v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n 2. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u - Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i PTHH 10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 24H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 10Cl2 + 24H2O Kh\u00ed X: Cl2 Cl2 + 2NaOH \u2192 NaCl + NaClO + H2O \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch Y: NaClO, NaCl, NaOH d\u01b0. Ph\u1ea7n 1: CO2 + NaOH \u2192 NaHCO3 CO2 + NaClO + H2O \u2192 HClO + NaHCO3 Ph\u1ea7n 2: 2NaOH + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O NaClO + H2SO4 + NaCl \u2192 Na2SO4 + Cl2 + H2O C\u00e2u 3. CO l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. Khi kh\u00ed CO \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a O2 trong Hemoglobin, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n oxi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u. Kh\u00ed CO ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Cl2 theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1 : 1 khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed X (c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c) d\u00f9ng trong chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. a\/ \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong X h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a cacbon l\u00e0 IV, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 II, h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a clo l\u00e0 I. b\/ Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Na2CO3 v\u00e0 NaCl. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CO + Cl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae COCl2 X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 COCl2 C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0: b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: COCl2 + 4NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2NaCl + 2H2O C\u00e2u 4. Vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: \uf076 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Cho Ba v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. \uf076 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Cho Na d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic. \uf076 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: S\u1ee5c CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. \uf076 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 4: Cho dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch FeCl2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 103","* Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2 * Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + BaSO4 * Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: 2Na + 2C2H5OH \uf0ae 2C2H5ONa + H2 * Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 4: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O CO2 d\u01b0 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 2AgNO3 + FeCl2 \uf0ae 2AgCl + Fe(NO3)2 AgNO3 d\u01b0 + Fe(NO3)2 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + Ag C\u00e2u 5. D\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: BaO, CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung n\u00f3ng (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau). K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Cho X v\u00e0o H2O (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Q. Cho Q v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 (s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch T v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. L\u1ea5y kh\u00ed Y cho s\u1ee5c qua dung d\u1ecbch E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch G v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X, Y, E, Q, F, T, G, H. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 Nam, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol m\u1ed7i oxit l\u00e0 1mol \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 l\u00e0 8 mol Y : \uf0ecCO : 5mol \uf0ed\uf0eeCO 2 \uf0ecBaO :1mol \uf0beC\uf0beO,t0\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecBaO :1mol Q : \uf0ecCu :1mol \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeddAgNO3:8mol ddT \uf0ee\uf0ed\uf0ecCFeu((NNOO33))22 : 3mol - \uf0ef\uf0efCuO :1mol \uf0ef\uf0efCu :1mol \uf0ee\uf0edFe : 3mol :1mol \uf0ed\uf0efFe3O4 :1mol \uf0ed\uf0efFe : 3mol \uf0ef\uf0eeAl2O3 :1mol X \uf0ee\uf0efAl2O3 :1mol \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2O\uf0be\uf0ae F : Ag :8mol ddE : Ba (AlO 2 ) 2 : 1mol \uf07b\uf0beY\uf0beCCOO\uf0be2 \uf0ae ddG : Ba(HCO3)2 :1mol \uf0af H : Al(OH)3 : 2mol Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO (d\u01a3), ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n BaO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + CO2 Fe3O4 + 4CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3Fe + 4CO2 Al2O3 + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra - H\u00f2a tan X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a3 BaO + H2O\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Cu + H2O\uf0ae Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra Fe + H2O\uf0ae Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O - Kh\u00ed Y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch E Ba(AlO2)2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af + Ba(HCO3)2 - Cho Q v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 Fe + 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag 3\uf0ae 6mol \uf0ae 3mol \uf0ae 2mol Cu + 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 1\uf0ae 2mol \uf0ae 1mol \uf0ae 2mol C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 104","X YE Q FT G H BaO; CO;CO2 Ba(AlO2)2 Cu;Fe Ag Fe(NO3)2; Ba(HCO3)2 Al(OH)3 Cu; Fe; Al2O3 Cu(NO3)2 C\u00e2u 6. Ch\u1ea5t X v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi X l\u00e0: 1. M\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i; 2. M\u1ed9t oxit; 3. M\u1ed9t hi\u0111roxit; 4. M\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3, NaHCO3. C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra: 2Al + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \u2192 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH \u2192 2NaAlO2 + H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH \u2192 NaAlO2 + 2H2O 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 NaHCO3 + NaOH \u2192 Na2CO3 + H2O. C\u00e2u 7. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau. 1. Cho Fe3O4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0. 2. Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt gi\u1ea5m \u0103n v\u00e0o m\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. 3. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Pb(NO3)2. 4. Nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 1-2 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra. 1. Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 \u2192 FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O 2. 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 \u2192 (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O 3. H2SO4 + Pb(NO3)2 \u2192 PbSO4 +2HNO3 H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c d\u01b0) + PbSO4 \u2192 Pb(HSO4)2 4. C12H22O11 \uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0ae 12C + 11H2O C + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u2192 CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 8. Ch\u1ea5t A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit photphoric. Cho x mol NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a x mol A, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu cho x mol HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a x mol A, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C ch\u1ee9a hai ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau. A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. Do A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, n\u00ean A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit, A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau n\u00ean trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed A c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I, A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 KH2PO4 C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra. 2KH2PO4 + 2NaOH \u2192 K2HPO4 + Na2HPO4 + 2H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 105","KH2PO4 + HCl \u2192 KCl + H3PO4 3KH2PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 \u2192 Ca3(PO4)2 + K3PO4 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 9. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T (trong \u0111\u00f3 X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sau : - X ho\u1eb7c Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t Y \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2. - X ho\u1eb7c Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t T \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. - X ho\u1eb7c T \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t Z. Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n: MX + MZ = 190; MX + MT = 365; MZ + MT = 343; MT + MY = 379. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: \uf0ecMX \uf02b MZ \uf03d 190 \uf0ecMX \uf03d 106 \uf0ef\uf0efM \uf0ef\uf0efM \uf0ed\uf0efM X \uf02b MT \uf03d 365 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edM Y \uf03d 120 Z \uf02b MT \uf03d 343 Z \uf03d 84 \uf0ee\uf0efMT \uf02b MY \uf03d 379 \uf0ee\uf0efMT \uf03d 259 L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: - X ho\u1eb7c Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t Y \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2. \uf0de X: Na2CO3; Z: NaHCO3 v\u00e0 Y: NaHSO4. - X ho\u1eb7c Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t T \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. - X ho\u1eb7c T \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t Z. \uf0de T: Ba(HCO3)2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: (1) Na2CO3 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (2) NaHCO3 + NaHSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (3) Na2CO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaHCO3 (4) 2NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + Na2SO4 + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O C\u00e2u 10. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn X g\u1ed3m 3 oxit c\u1ee7a 3 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f4m, bari, s\u1eaft. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. T\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B, s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft F trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, BaO, FexOy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O d\u01b0 BaO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 (1) Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O (2) Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n suy ra E c\u00f3 Al2O3. V\u1eady \u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) th\u00ec Ba(OH)2 h\u1ebft, Al2O3 d\u01b0. \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch A l\u00e0 Ba(AlO2)2, ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B g\u1ed3m FexOy v\u00e0 Al2O3 d\u01b0. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 106","Ba(AlO2)2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 + 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf0de K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 Al(OH)3 Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E FexOy + yCO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xFe + yCO2 \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 Al2O3. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F: Fe. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft F trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0: Fe + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeSO4 + H2\uf0ad Dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m FeSO4 v\u00e0 H2SO4 d\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. 10FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 8H2O C\u00e2u 11. Cho dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: Ba(HCO3)2, Fe3O4, FeS v\u00e0 BaCO3. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u1ee5 - H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i PTHH: 2HCl + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaCl2 + 2CO2\u2191 + 2H2O 8HCl + Fe3O4 \uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O 2HCl + FeS \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S\uf0ad 2HCl + BaCO3 \uf0ae BaCl2 + CO2\uf0ad + H2O C\u00e2u 12. T l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nung T \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Z m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed D kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. Ch\u1ea5t Z ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch E l\u00e0m xanh qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. T tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed D t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch F. E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi F t\u1ea1o ra T. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t T, Z, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i suy ra: T l\u00e0 CaCO3; Z l\u00e0 CaO; D l\u00e0 CO2; E l\u00e0 Ca(OH)2; F l\u00e0 Ca(HCO3)2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0ae 2CaCO3 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 13. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan A, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t B duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft A, B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o? Cho v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1ea1 Long- Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i . TH1: - Ch\u1ea5t tan A l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m: NaOH; KOH; Ba(OH)2\u2026 th\u00ec B l\u00e0 Fe2O3. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 107","V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O 2NaOH + SiO2 \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae Na2SiO3 + H2O TH2: - Ch\u1ea5t tan A l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit: HCl; H2SO4\u2026 th\u00ec B l\u00e0 SiO2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 6HCl +Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O 8HCl + Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O C\u00e2u 14. Cho A, B, C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: + \u0110\u1ed1t mu\u1ed1i B ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i C tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. + Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E v\u00e0 kh\u00ed F. K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng tan trong dung d\u1ecbch axit m\u1ea1nh. Kh\u00ed F kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 22. + Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan v\u00e0 kh\u00ed G. kh\u00ed G kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1t, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Brom. + Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B c\u0169ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. + Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 G, bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1ea1 Long- Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec mu\u1ed1i B ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i C \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00ean B v\u00e0 C l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i Natri. - Dung d\u1ecbch A + dung d\u1ecbch B \uf0ae dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan + k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E (m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng tan trong axit m\u1ea1nh) + kh\u00ed F (Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i). E l\u00e0 BaSO4. MF = 22.2= 44 => F l\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2 . Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady mu\u1ed1i B l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit : NaHSO4. V\u00ec A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i tan n\u00ean A l\u00e0: Ba(HCO3)2. - Dung d\u1ecbch C + dung d\u1ecbch B \uf0ae dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan + Kh\u00ed G. Kh\u00ed G kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1t, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Brom n\u00ean G l\u00e0 SO2, C l\u00e0: NaHSO3 ho\u1eb7c Na2SO3. - Dung d\u1ecbch D + dung d\u1ecbch B \uf0ae BaSO4 => D l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i Bari. - Dung d\u1ecbch D + dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 \uf0ae k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng => D l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i Clorua. V\u1eady D l\u00e0: BaCl2. C\u00e1c PTHH: 2NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 \uf0af + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O. (B) (A) (E) (F) 2NaHSO4 + Na2SO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O. (B) (C) (G) Ho\u1eb7c: NaHSO4 + NaHSO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O. (B) (C) (G) 2NaHSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl. (B) (D) BaCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2AgCl \uf0af + Ba(NO3)2 (D) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 108","C\u00e2u 15. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i X, Y, Z, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong b\u1ea3ng sau: Kim lo\u1ea1i Dung d\u1ecbch HCl Dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH X C\u00f3 kh\u00ed C\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf C\u00f3 kh\u00ed Y Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Z C\u00f3 kh\u00ed C\u00f3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh C\u00f3 kh\u00ed a) S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i X, Y, Z theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. b) Thay k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u X, Y, Z b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Z v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i : - X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl, \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tan trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \uf0de X l\u00e0 Zn ho\u1eb7c Al. - Y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 3 dung d\u1ecbch \uf0de Y l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i sau Cu - Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Cu(NO3)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u xanh \uf0de Z l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Mg. V\u1eady th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00e0: Y, X, Z. b) X l\u00e0 Al ho\u1eb7c Zn, Y l\u00e0 Ag v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 Na ho\u1eb7c K. * Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Al : - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4: 2Al + 3CuSO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Cu - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \u2192 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad * Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Na: - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4: 2Na + 2H2O \u2192 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad 2NaOH + CuSO4 \u2192 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH: 2Na + 2H2O \u2192 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 16. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a. Cho dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2. b. Cho Fe3O4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl. c. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KHSO4. d. Cho Ca t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u01a1n La, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. a. CuSO4 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + BaSO4\u2193 b. Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O c. 2NaHCO3 + 2KHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O d. Ca + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + H2\uf0ad Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3\u2193 + 2NaOH C\u00e2u 17. Cho c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3, FeCl2, KOH v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i Cu, Mg. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau? Vi\u1ebft PTHH (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 109","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau: AgNO3 v\u00e0 Cu: AgNO3 + Cu \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 + Ag\u2193 AgNO3 v\u00e0 Mg: AgNO3 + Mg \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + Ag\u2193 AgNO3 v\u00e0 FeCl2: AgNO3 + FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + AgCl\u2193 N\u1ebfu AgNO3 d\u01b0 th\u00ec: AgNO3 + Fe(NO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + Ag \u2193 AgNO3 v\u00e0 KOH: 2AgNO3 + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KNO3 + Ag2O\u2193 + H2O FeCl2 v\u00e0 KOH: FeCl2 + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KCl + Fe(OH)2\u2193 FeCl2 v\u00e0 Mg: FeCl2 + Mg \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgCl2 + Fe\u2193 C\u00e2u 18. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a. Oxit + oxit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae axit b. Oxit + oxit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae baz\u01a1 c. Oxit + oxit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae mu\u1ed1i d. Oxit + axit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae hai mu\u1ed1i + \u2026 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 b. Na2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH c. CaO + CO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaCO3 d. Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O C\u00e2u 19. Cho b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 X, Y, Z, T nh\u01b0 sau X Y Z T M\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c Kh\u00f4 g m\u00e0u, Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c L\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm t\u1ea5m m\u00f9i, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c L\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u01b0\u1edbt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u. L\u00e0m v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e1y trong kh\u00ed oxi h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t sinh Br2 Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng T\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng b\u1ed9t sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ra kh\u00ed Z g\u1ed7, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Gia \u2013 H2SO4\u2026\u2026 ven v.v\u2026 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t so\u0111a, ure, n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t c\u00f3 ga v.v\u2026\u2026 H\u00e3y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong m\u1ee5c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Kh\u00ed X kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Br2 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng b\u1ed9t g\u1ed7, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H2SO4. V\u1eady X l\u00e0 SO2 (l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit) PTHH: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 + 2HBr - Kh\u00ed Y m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm t\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Gia \u2013 ven v.v\u2026Kh\u00ed Y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Cl2 PTHH: Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO - Kh\u00ed Z kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, l\u00e0m v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t so\u0111a, ure, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1t c\u00f3 ga v.v\u2026Kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0 CO2 PTHH: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O - Kh\u00ed T kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u00e1y trong kh\u00ed oxi t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra kh\u00ed Z v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed. T l\u00e0 CO (cacbon monoxit) PTHH: 2CO + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CO2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 110","C\u00e2u 20. \u0110\u1ed9ng Pa Th\u01a1m, huy\u1ec7n \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u00f4n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, sau khi th\u0103m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 mang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecd n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 chia l\u1ecd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: \u0110un s\u00f4i. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl. - Ph\u1ea7n 3: Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH. H\u00e3y n\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021 H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i L\u1ecd n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb tr\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i n\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0b7 Ph\u1ea7n 1: \u0110un s\u00f4i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O \uf0b7 Ph\u1ea7n 2: Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O \uf0b7 Ph\u1ea7n 3: Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Ca(HCO3)2 + 2KOH \u2192 CaCO3 \uf0af + K2CO3 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 21. a. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n FexOy v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KHSO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Bi\u1ebft X h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c FexOy v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. b. N\u00eau th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea, ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e2n supephotphat v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kali; trong 4 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n tr\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chua? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch?\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. H\u00f2a tan FexOy v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KHSO4 lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady dung d\u1ecbch X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i Fe (II) ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i Fe (III) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai. Dung d\u1ecbch X h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i Cu n\u00ean X ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i Fe (III). Dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 n\u00ean X ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i Fe (II). V\u1eady: c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a FexOy l\u00e0 Fe3O4 (FeO.Fe2O3) PTHH: Fe3O4 +8KHSO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 +FeSO4 +4K2SO4+4H2O 10FeSO4 +2KMnO4 +16KHSO4 \uf0ae 5Fe2(SO4)3 +2MnSO4 +9K2SO4 +8H2O Fe2(SO4)3 + Cu \uf0ae 2FeSO4 + CuSO4 b. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a: - Ph\u00e2n ur\u00ea: (NH2)2CO - Ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: qu\u1eb7ng photphorit (Ca3(PO4)2) - Ph\u00e2n supephotphat: Supephotphat \u0111\u01a1n: Ca(H2PO4)2 v\u00e0 CaSO4 Supephotphat k\u00e9p: Ca(H2PO4)2 - Ph\u00e2n kali: Kaliclorua (KCl) Lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t chua l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec: Ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mu\u1ed1i Ca3(PO4)2 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a Ca3(PO4)2 th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i axit Ca(H2PO4)2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit (\u0111\u1ea5t chua). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 111","C\u00e2u 22. Mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CxHyO3N trong \u0111\u00f3 N chi\u1ebfm 17,72% v\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean X, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 2 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i X? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Mu\u1ed1i X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CxHyO3N c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: Mx =12x +y + 16.3 +14 Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m N \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: 14 17,72% \uf0de M X =79 \uf0de 12x+y+62= 79 \uf0de \uf0ecx =1 \uf0de CH 5O3 N \uf0de NH 4HCO3 %N= .100%= \uf0ed\uf0eey =5 MX V\u1eady: CTPT c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 NH4HCO3 (mu\u1ed1i amoni hi\u0111rocacbonat). PTHH: NH4HCO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH d\u01a3: NH4HCO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + NH3 + H2O Hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i NH4HCO3: - D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t n\u1edf: Do mu\u1ed1i NH4HCO3 k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed (CO2, NH3) v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i tho\u00e1t ra, t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng r\u1ed7ng \u1edf l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ed9t, b\u1ed9t n\u1edf to h\u01a1n. - D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t ch\u1eefa l\u1eeda: Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, NH4HCO3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed CO2, kh\u00ed CO2 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00e1y. PTHH: NH4HCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae NH3 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 23. Cho d\u00e3y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau: Al2(SO4)3, AlCl3, FeCl2 v\u00e0 Fe2(SO4)3. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hai ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau) trong d\u00e3y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o V ml dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Cho dung d\u1ecbch KOH v\u00e0o V ml dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n2 mol. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o V ml dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n3 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 n1 < n2 < n3. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn t\u00ecm c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01a3 v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t n1, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i Fe Cho Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch Z ch\u1ee9a th\u00eam g\u1ed1c SO4 Cho KOH v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i n2. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch Z ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1i Fe v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i nh\u00f4m. V\u1eady: c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0: a) C\u1eb7p 1: Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 FeCl2 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: 8NaOH(d\u01b0) + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + 2NaAlO2 + 4H2O 2NaOH + FeCl2 \uf0ae 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 x mol x mol \uf0de n1 = x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 112","6KOH + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 x mol 2x mol 2NaOH + FeCl2 \uf0ae 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 x mol x mol \uf0de n2 = 3x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: 4Ba(OH)2 (d\u01b0) + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4 + Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O x mol 3x mol Ba(OH)2 + FeSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + Fe(OH)2 x mol x x \uf0de n3 = 5x mol b) C\u1eb7p 2: AlCl3 v\u00e0 Fe2(SO4)3 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: 4NaOH + AlCl3 \uf0ae 3NaCl + NaAlO2 + 2H2O 6NaOH + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 2x mol \uf0de n1 = 2x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: 3KOH + AlCl3 \uf0ae 3KCl + Al(OH)3 x mol 2x mol 6KOH + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3K2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 2x mol \uf0de n2 = 4x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: 4Ba(OH)2 (d\u01b0) + 2AlCl3 \uf0ae 3BaCl2 + Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O 3Ba(OH)2 + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 3x 2x \uf0de n3 = 5x mol c) C\u1eb7p 3: Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 Fe2(SO4)3 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: 8NaOH(d\u01b0) + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + 2NaAlO2 + 4H2O 6KOH + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3K2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 2x mol \uf0de n1 = 2x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: 6KOH + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3K2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 x mol 2x mol 6KOH + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3K2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 2x mol \uf0de n2 = 4x mol Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: 4Ba(OH)2 (d\u01b0) + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4 + Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O x mol 3x mol 3Ba(OH)2 + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4 + 2Fe(OH)3 x mol 3x 2x \uf0de n3 = 8x mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 113","C\u00e2u 24. X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 sau oxi. Y l\u00e0 oxit b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X. N\u00eau hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a X. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi cho Y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HF, Na2CO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 sau oxi. V\u1eady: X l\u00e0 Silic (Si). Y l\u00e0 oxit b\u1eadc cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Si V\u1eady: C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit l\u00e0 SiO2. Hai \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Si: Silic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn trong k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. PTHH: SiO2 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HF, Na2CO3: SiO2 + 4HF \uf0ae SiF4 + 2H2O SiO2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae Na2SiO3 + CO2 C\u00e2u 25. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed HCl, NH3, N2 v\u00e0 SO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y trong c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, em h\u00e3y: a) L\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00ed. b) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00ed N2 \uf0be1\uf0be\uf0ae NH3 \uf0be2\uf0be\uf0ae HCl \uf0be3\uf0be\uf0ae SO2 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (1) N2 + 3H2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0betox\uf0be,\uf0betP \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NH3 (2) 2NH3 + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae N2 + 6HCl (3) HCl + NaHSO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae NaCl + SO2 + H2O b) C\u00e1ch 1: Tr\u00edch 4 m\u1eabu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00e0o 4 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb 4 c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i c\u1ed1c v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u00fap c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u gi\u1ed1ng nhau. N\u1ebfu: + \u1ed0ng n\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u: N2. + \u1ed0ng n\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a h\u1ed3ng: SO2 + \u1ed0ng n\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a xanh: NH3. + \u1ed0ng n\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi AgNO3 : HCl - N\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u1ed1ng n\u00e0o d\u00e2ng cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 sau: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 114","C\u00e2u 26. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Na v\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 mol v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Na v\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 mol (a mol) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: 2 Na + 2 H2O \u2192 2 NaOH + H2\u2191 (1) a a (mol) 2NaOH + Al2O3 \u2192 2NaAlO2 + H2O (2) a a (mol) a 2 Theo PTHH (1) v\u00e0 (2): dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0 NaAlO2: a mol nAl2O3 ( p\u00f6 ) \uf03d 1 nNaOH \uf03da mol 2 2 \uf0f0 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D l\u00e0 Al2O3: a mol 2 C\u00e2u 27. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh. b. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan, dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t. c. T\u1ea1o hai ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t. Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee5c. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Khi\u1ebft \u2013 Qu\u00e3ng Ng\u00e3i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh. \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i A: Ba, dung d\u1ecbch B: CuSO4 \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0 H2; k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 BaSO4, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh l\u00e0 Cu(OH)2 Ba + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2 \uf0ad Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + Cu(OH)2 \uf0af b. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan, dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t. \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i A: Ca, dung d\u1ecbch B: Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0 H2, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan trong CO2 d\u01b0 l\u00e0 CaCO3 Ca + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + H2 \uf0ad Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CaCO3 \uf0af + 2H2O CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 c. T\u1ea1o hai ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t. Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee5c. \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn kim lo\u1ea1i A: Na, dung d\u1ecbch B: (NH4)2CO3. \uf0de 2 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u1ea7nl\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 H2 v\u00e0 NH3; d\u1eabn HCl v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2 2Na + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad 2NaOH + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NH3 \uf0ad + Na2CO3 + 2H2O Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 115","C\u00e2u 28. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i Natri t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 a M (lo\u00e3ng) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 0,4a mol kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t Fe, Zn, HCl, Ba(OH)2, KHSO4, Al(OH)3, (NH4)2CO3, Ba(HCO3)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0a7 Na t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,2a mol H2SO4, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: 2 Na + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2 \uf0ad 0,2a mol 0,2a S\u1ed1 mol H2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 0,2a mol. M\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ec1, s\u1ed1 mol H2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 0,4a mol, d\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa Na v\u1edbi H2O 2 Na + 2 H2O \uf0ae 2 NaOH + H2 \uf0ad \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch A g\u1ed3m: NaOH v\u00e0 Na2SO4. \uf0a7 Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t Fe, Zn, HCl, Ba(OH)2, KHSO4, Al(OH)3, (NH4)2CO3, Ba(HCO3)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 Zn + 2 NaOH \uf0ae Na2ZnO2 + H2 \uf0ad HCl + NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + H2O Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2 NaOH 2 KHSO4 + 2 NaOH \uf0ae K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + 2 H2O Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2 H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2 NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3+ 2 NH3 \uf0ad + 2 H2O Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2 NaHCO3 Ba(HCO3)2 + 2 NaOH \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2 H2O C\u00e2u 29. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho a mol NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a a mol Ca(HCO3)2. b) Cho m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. c) Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m NaHCO3 v\u00e0 CaCO3. d) \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl, c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n. e) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m NaOH v\u00e0 Na2CO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u2013 V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) NaOH + Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + NaHCO3 + H2O b) 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 c) 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 d) 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00d1\uf0beiec\u00e4n\uf0beop\u00f9 mh\uf0beaa\u00e2n\u00f8ngd\uf0beunngga\uf0be\u00eand\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 e) CO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 d\u01b0 + Na2CO3 + H2O \uf0ae 2NaHCO3. C\u00e2u 30. Kim lo\u1ea1i Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Fe + S \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FeS 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2FeCl3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 116","T\u1eeb hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean h\u00e3y: - So s\u00e1nh t\u00ednh phi kim c\u1ee7a clo v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. - D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa Cl2 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed H2S. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u2013 V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Kim lo\u1ea1i Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh theo hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Fe + S \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FeS 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2FeCl3 T\u00ednh phi kim c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n clo v\u00ec: Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, s\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II. Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo, clo \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1eaft l\u00ean h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb III. Xem nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh phi kim Cl2 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n t\u00ednh phi c\u1ee7a S. N\u00ean Cl2 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch HCl Cl2 kh\u00ed + H2S kh\u00ed \uf0ae 2HCl + S C\u00e2u 31. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Na v\u00e0 Al2O3 (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1). H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m CuO v\u00e0 KHSO4 (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 2). A v\u00e0 B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (2), ta c\u00f3: n Al2O3 ( p\u00f6\u00f9) \uf03d 1 nNa , m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i n Na \uf03d nAl2O3 2 V\u1eady sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Al2O3 d\u01b0, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A kh\u00f4ng tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CuO + 2KHSO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3): nCuO \uf03d 2nKHSO4 \uf0de h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B tan h\u1ebft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. C\u00e2u 32. Cho c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 A, B, C, D ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau. Bi\u1ebft A v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i bari. B v\u00e0 C l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng (kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh), kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. - B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi C t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong axit. - D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ABCD Ba(HCO3)2 NaHSO4 Na2SO3 BaCl2 Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0aeBaSO4 + 2CO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O 2NaHSO4 + Na2SO3\uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO3\uf0aeBaSO3 + 2NaHCO3 BaCl2 + 2AgNO3\uf0ae Ba(NO3)2 + 2AgCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 117","C\u00e2u 33. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: BaCl2, Na2S, Na2SO3, CuSO4 v\u00e0 NH4NO3. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4, dung d\u1ecbch KOH v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch MgCl2 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra: (1) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng tan trong axit. (2) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh lam. (3) ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khai (4) ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. (5) ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. (6) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng tan trong axit. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) BaCl2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng tan trong axit (BaSO4): BaCl2 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl (2) CuSO4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh lam (Cu(OH)2): CuSO4 + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + K2SO4 (3) NH4NO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khai (NH3): NH4NO3 + KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad + H2O + KNO3 (4) Na2S t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i (H2S): Na2S + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2S \uf0ad + Na2SO4 (5) Na2SO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc (SO2): Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae SO2 \uf0ad + H2O + Na2SO4 (6) Na2SO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch MgCl2 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng tan trong axit (MgSO3): Na2SO3 + MgCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgSO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl MgSO3 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae SO2 \uf0ad + H2O + MgSO4 C\u00e2u 34. Cho BaO t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho dung d\u1ecbch B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi Al thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed C v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch K2CO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tr\u00e0 Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i BaO + H2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + H2O K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 BaSO4 N\u1ebfu BaO d\u01b0: BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 . N\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: TH1: dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a H2SO4 d\u01b0. Kh\u00ed C: H2, dung d\u1ecbch D: Al2(SO4)3, E: Al(OH)3. 2Al + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 Al2(SO4)3 + 3K2CO3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 3K2SO4 + 3CO2 TH2: dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a Ba(OH)2. Kh\u00ed C: H2, dung d\u1ecbch D: Ba(AlO2)2, E: BaCO3. 2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2 Ba(AlO2)2 + K2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2KAlO2. C\u00e2u 35. 1.1. R\u00f3t dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m MnO2, KHSO3 v\u00e0 MgCO3. \u0110un nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X. D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00ecnh 1 \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom d\u01b0 r\u1ed3i qua b\u00ecnh 2 \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed: Cl2; SO2 v\u00e0 CO2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 118","C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: MnO2 + 4HCl\u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ad + H2O KHSO3 + HCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae KCl + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O MgCO3 + 2HCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MgCl2 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O SO2 + Br2 d\u01b0 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 SO2 + Cl2 d\u01b0 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HCl + H2SO4 CO2 + 2NaOH d\u01b0 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O C\u00e2u 36. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch HCl v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: a) C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i: a. (NH4)2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NH4Cl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2NH3 \uf0ad + 2H2O b. Ba(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae BaCO3\u2193 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 37. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho: a) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m Na v\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 2 : 1 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. b) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m Cu v\u00e0 Fe2O3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0. c) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m NaOH v\u00e0 P2O5 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol 2 : 1 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. d) 0,5 mol H2SO4.3SO3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 4,0 mol KOH. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol Na l\u00e0 2x (mol), s\u1ed1 mol Al2O3 l\u00e0 x (mol). V\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol Na v\u00e0 Al l\u00e0 2 : 1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 (1) 2x 2x (mol) Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O (2) x 2x x (mol) b) G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol Cu l\u00e0 x (mol), s\u1ed1 mol Fe2O3 l\u00e0 x (mol). V\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol Cu v\u00e0 Fe2O3 l\u00e0 1 : 1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Fe2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (3) x 2x (mol) Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 (4) (5) x 2x (mol) c) G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol NaOH l\u00e0 2x (mol), s\u1ed1 mol P2O5 l\u00e0 x (mol). V\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol NaOH v\u00e0 P2O5 l\u00e0 2 : 1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: P2O5 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2H3PO4 x 2x (mol) Ta c\u00f3: n NaOH \uf03d 2x \uf03d1 \uf0de Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i NaH2PO4 n H3PO4 2x H3PO4 + NaOH \uf0ae NaH2PO4 + H2O (6) (7) 2x 2x (mol) d) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: H2SO4.3SO3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 4H2SO4 0,5 2 (mol) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 119","Ta c\u00f3: n KOH \uf03d 4 \uf03d2 \uf0de T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i K2SO4 n H2SO4 2 H2SO4 + 2KOH \uf0ae K2SO4 + 2H2O (8) 24 (mol) C\u00e2u 38. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Bi\u1ebft: \uf0b7 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a Z nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ba l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol kh\u00ed cacbonic. \uf0b7 Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4. \uf0b7 Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e2u 39. Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi baz\u01a1 \uf0de Z l\u00e0 oxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh. G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Z l\u00e0 MxOy (x, y \uf0ce N* v\u00e0 x, y < 5 v\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 5 ) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ta c\u00f3: MMxOy \uf03c 3.MCO2 \uf0de xM \uf02b16y \uf03c 3.44 \uf0de M \uf03c 132 \uf02d16y (I) x M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: x \uf02b y \uf03d 5x \uf0de 5 \u2013 y (II) Thay (II) v\u00e0o (I) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: M \uf03c 132 \uf02d16y 5\uf02dy D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y, ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng sau: y y=1 y=2 y=3 y=4 M M < 29 M < 33,33 M < 42 M < 68 Lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit ph\u00f9 Lo\u1ea1i, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 Al2O3 (nh\u00f4m c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p oxit) h\u1ee3p Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 40. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan A, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t B duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft A, B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Cho v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ninh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: Al2O3 l\u00e0 oxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, SiO2 l\u00e0 oxit axit, Fe2O3 l\u00e0 oxit baz\u01a1 n\u00ean c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: \uf02d Tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: A l\u00e0 axit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 HCl, H2SO4) ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i hi\u0111rosunfat (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 NaHSO4, KHSO4), B l\u00e0 SiO2. Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 6NaHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 6NaHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3H2O \uf02d Tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: A l\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (KOH) \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng), B l\u00e0 Fe2O3. Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O SiO2 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SiO3 + H2O L\u01a3u \u00fd: SiO2 tan trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 120","C\u00e2u 41. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Na2O, Al2O3 v\u00e0 CuO (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 2 : 1) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B. - D\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 kh\u00ed HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A, th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan d\u1ea7n h\u1ebft. - H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C. Cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecdn s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Na2O: 1 mol \uf0de Al2O3: 2 mol v\u00e0 CuO: 1 mol Na2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH 1 mol 2 mol 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O 2 mol 1 mol 1 mol 2 mol \uf0de R\u1eafn B ch\u1ee9a: Al2O3: 1 mol v\u00e0 CuO: 1 mol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch A ch\u1ee9a: NaAlO2: 2 mol - D\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 kh\u00ed HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae AlCl3 + 3H2O - H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O CuO + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u2013 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a: Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 CuSO4 \u2013 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 NaOH Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 CuSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 + NaOHd\u01b0 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 42. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. Cho \u0111inh s\u1eaft v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 b. H\u00f2a tan Fe2O3 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng. c. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO qua CuO nung n\u00f3ng. d. H\u00f2a tan P2O5 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: a. Fe + CuSO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + Cu\u2193 b. Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O c. CO + CuO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + CO2\u2191 d. P2O5 + 6NaOH \uf0ae 2Na3PO4 + 3H2O C\u00e2u 43. Dung d\u1ecbch A ch\u1ee9a Na2CO3, dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a Ca(HCO3)2. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) khi a. D\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. b. Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. CO2 + H2O + Na2CO3 \u2192 2NaHCO3 b. Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 CaCO3 + 2NaOH Ca(OH)2 + Ca(HCO3)2 \u2192 2CaCO3\u2193 + 2H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 121","C\u00e2u 44. Cho 3 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A, B, C (mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i axit) \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau: A + B \uf0ae c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra B + C \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n A + C \uf0ae v\u1eeba c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, C v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - V\u00ec A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau; khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau sinh ra kh\u00ed, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a n\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a: + G\u1ed1c \u2013HSO4 + G\u1ed1c =CO3, \u2013HCO3 ho\u1eb7c =SO3, \u2013HSO3 + Ch\u1ee9a Ba (II). - C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a; t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi A t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \uf0de C l\u00e0 Ba(HCO3)2. - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed; t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi C t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0de A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 NaHSO4. - B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi A t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi C c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0de B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Na2SO3. V\u1eady: A, B, C l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 NaHSO4, Na2SO3 v\u00e0 Ba(HCO3)2. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2NaHSO4 + Na2SO3 \uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + SO2\u2191 + H2O Na2SO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae 2NaHCO3 + BaSO3\u2193 2NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaSO4\u2193 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2\u2191 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 45. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: 1. Cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(HCO3)2. 2. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb HCl \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. 3. Cho SO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2. 4. Cho Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3 5. Cho Na t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Kon Tum, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1 H2SO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaSO4\u2193 + 2CO2\u2191 + 2H2O 2 HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae NaHCO3 + NaCl HCl + NaHCO3 \uf0ae NaCl + CO2\u2191+ H2O 3 SO3 + H2O + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4\u2193 + 2HCl 4 Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 5 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2\u2191 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2\u2193 C\u00e2u 46. Nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i X, Y, Z, T trong d\u00e3y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Kim lo\u1ea1i X \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i Z ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i; Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Kim lo\u1ea1i Y \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i Z ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i; Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Kim lo\u1ea1i X \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i Y ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i; Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 4: Kim lo\u1ea1i Z \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i T ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i theo chi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn 4 kim lo\u1ea1i, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf 4 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1eadu Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 122","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02d X v\u00e0 Y \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i Z ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i \uf0de X, Y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n Z. \uf02d X \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Y ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Y n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: X > Y > Z. \uf02d Z \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a T n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Z > T. V\u1eady kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00e0: T < Z < Y < X. Ch\u1ecdn 4 kim lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: Ag < Cu < Fe < Al; mu\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: 2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Cu Fe + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + 3Cu 2Al + 3Fe(NO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Fe Cu + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag C\u00e2u 47. \u0110\u00e1 v\u00f4i khi ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf 900-10000C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng hay v\u00f4i nung (A); v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00f4i t\u00f4i (B); v\u00f4i t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. Khi cho CO2 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng (C), n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho CO2 v\u00e0o th\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a n\u00e0y tan t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch (D). C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (A), (B), (C), (D) \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (E). (E) l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch cao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0: \u0111\u00fac t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft tinh vi l\u00e0m trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m ph\u1ea5n vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3ng, b\u00f3 b\u1ed9t khi g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ABCD E CaO Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 Ca(HCO3)2 CaSO4 CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae900\uf02d10000 C CaO + H2O CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O CO2 + CaCO3 +H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae CaSO4 + CO2\uf0ad + H2O CaO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CaSO4 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae CaSO4 + 2CO2\uf0ad + 2H2O C\u00e2u 48. D\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: Na2O, CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung n\u00f3ng (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau). K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Cho X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan T. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z, T. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, T \uf0ecNa2O :1 mol \uf0beC\uf0beO, t0\uf0be\uf0ae Y : CO2 , CO \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2O\uf0be\uf0ae T: Cu, Fe \uf0ef\uf0efCuO :1 mol X \uf0ecNa2O :1 mol dd Z : NaAlO2 \uf0ef\uf0edFe3O4 :1 mol \uf0ef\uf0efCu :1 mol : 2 mol \uf0ee\uf0efAl2O3 :1 mol \uf0ed\uf0efFe : 3 mol \uf0ee\uf0efAl2O3 :1 mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 123","- Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO (d\u01a3), ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Na2O + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae Cu + CO2 1 mol 1 mol Fe3O4 + 4CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3Fe + 4CO2 1 mol 3 mol Al2O3 + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra - H\u00f2a tan X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01a3 Na2O + H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH 1 mol 2 mol Cu + H2O \uf0ae kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra Fe + H2O \uf0ae kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O 1 mol 2 mol 2 mol C\u00e2u 49. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t K2O, KHCO3 v\u00e0 BaCl2 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean An Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0 a): K2O + H2O \uf0ae 2KOH (1) a \uf0ae 2a (mol) KOH + KHCO3 \uf0ae K2CO3 + H2O (2) a\uf0ac a \uf0ae a (mol) BaCl2 + K2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2KCl (3) a \uf0ae a \uf0ae a \uf0ae 2a (mol) Dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u1ed3m: \uf0ecKOH: 2a - a = a (mol) \uf0ee\uf0edKCl: 2a (mol) C\u00e2u 50. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Na2O, NH4Cl, NaHCO3 v\u00e0 BaCl2 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nhau. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o H2O (d\u01b0), \u0111un n\u00f3ng. L\u1ecdc, t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch Y. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x mol Na2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2 NaOH NH3\uf0ad + H2O x 2x NaOH + NH4Cl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae NaCl + xx NaOH + NaHCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O xx x Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 \u2193 + 2 NaCl xx T\u00ednh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0: NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 124","C\u00e2u 51. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n MgCO3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n B v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C. Dung d\u1ecbch C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi BaCl2 v\u00e0 KOH. Khi cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u00ed B bay ra. Kh\u00ed B l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i MgCO3 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae MgO + CO2 Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaCl CO2+ 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2+ 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O 2NaHCO3 +2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3+ K2CO3+ H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O MgO+ 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O MgCO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 52. Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a mol Ba v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a a mol HCl, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Cho dung d\u1ecbch X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Al2O3, NaOH, Na2SO4, AlCl3, Na2CO3, Mg, NaHCO3 v\u00e0 Al. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 \u2192 Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O (2) Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 \u2192 BaSO4\u2193 + 2NaOH (3) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 \u2192 BaSO4\u2193 + 2NaCl (4) 3Ba(OH)2 + 2AlCl3 \u2192 3BaCl2 + 2Al(OH)3\u2193 (5) Ba(OH)2 + 2Al + 2H2O \u2192 Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2\u2191 (6) Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + 2NaOH (7) BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl (8) Ba(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (9) BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl (10) Ba(OH)2 + NaHCO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + NaOH + H2O (11) Ba(OH)2 + 2Al(OH)3 \u2192 Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O C\u00e2u 53. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CaCO3, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00ed Y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z. Dung d\u1ecbch Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(NO3)2 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH. Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch T. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch T, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i khan Q. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i Q n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i R. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i PTHH: (1) CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 \uf0ad \uf0de X: CaO, CaCO3; Y: CO2 (2) CO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O (3) CO2 + Na2CO3 + H2O \uf0ae 2NaHCO3 \uf0de Z: Na2CO3, NaHCO3 (4) Na2CO3 + Ba(NO3)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaNO3 (5) 2NaHCO3 + 2KOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + 2H2O (6) CaO + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 125","(7) CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O \uf0de T: CaCl2, HCl d\u01b0 \uf0de Q: CaCl2 khan (8) CaCl2 \uf0be\u00ae\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae Ca + Cl2 \uf0de R l\u00e0 Ca. C\u00e2u 54. D\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: BaO, CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 nung n\u00f3ng (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau). K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Cho X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Q. Cho Q v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 (s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch T v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. L\u1ea5y kh\u00ed Y s\u1ee5c qua dung d\u1ecbch E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch G v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong X, Y, E, Q, F, T, G, H v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CuO + CO \u2192 Cu + CO2 1 11 Fe3O4 + 4CO \u2192 3Fe + 4CO2 1 34 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X g\u1ed3m: BaO, Al2O3, Cu, Fe. Kh\u00ed Y g\u1ed3m: CO, CO2 * X + H2O d\u01b0 BaO + H2O \u2192 Ba(OH)2 11 Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 \u2192 Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O 1 11 Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Q l\u00e0 Fe v\u00e0 Cu. Dung d\u1ecbch E l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(AlO2)2 * Q + AgNO3: s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 = 8 mol Fe + 2AgNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag 12 12 Cu + 2AgNO3 \u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag 12 12 Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag 1 111 S\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 c\u00f2n d\u01b0 = 8 \u2013 5 = 3 mol Dung d\u1ecbch T g\u1ed3m: Fe(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F l\u00e0 Ag. * Y + E: 2CO2 + Ba(AlO2)2 + 2H2O \u2192 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(HCO3)2 21 21 Dung d\u1ecbch G l\u00e0 Ba(HCO3)2; k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H l\u00e0 Al(OH)3. C\u00e2u 55. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Cu v\u00e0 Ag t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0. Kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00ed oxi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t V2O5 sau \u0111\u00f3 nung n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. D\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cu \uf02b 2H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0ae CuSO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b2H2O 2Ag \uf02b 2H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0ae Ag2SO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b2H2O 2SO2 \uf02b O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beV\uf0bet2oOC\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 SO3 \uf02b BaCl2 \uf02b H2O \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b2HCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 126","C\u00e2u 56. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Al, Cu, Fe3O4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B, kh\u00ed SO2 tho\u00e1t ra. N\u1ebfu cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan D v\u00e0 kh\u00ed E. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F. Nung F ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G, cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua G nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong B, C, D, E, F, G, H v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Dung d\u1ecbch B : Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4 PTHH: 2Al + 6H2SO4 (\u0111) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4(\u0111) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Dung d\u1ecbch C : AlCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, HCl d\u01b0 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D: Cu d\u01b0; kh\u00ed E: H2 2Al + 6HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3+ 4H2O Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F: Cu(OH)2 , Fe(OH)2 NaOH + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + H2O 2NaOH + CuCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + Cu(OH)2 2NaOH + FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 3NaOH + AlCl3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3+ 3NaCl NaOH + Al(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G: CuO, Fe2O3 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H: Cu, Fe Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuO + H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + CO2 Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 C\u00e2u 57. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn A g\u1ed3m BaO, FeO, Al2O3. H\u00f2a tan A trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D, th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. H\u00f2a tan G b\u1eb1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch F, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u m\u00f9i h\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n G kh\u00f4ng tan h\u1ebft. Cho dung d\u1ecbch F t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H. Nung H trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn K. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong B, D, E, G, F, H, K v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong chu\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A + H2O d\u01b0. BaO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 127","- V\u00ec E + NaOH tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean Al2O3 c\u00f2n d\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 h\u1ebft. Dung d\u1ecbch D g\u1ed3m Ba(AlO2)2 2CO2 + Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 + 2Al(OH)3 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O -Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B g\u1ed3m: FeO v\u00e0 Al2O3 d\u01b0. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E g\u1ed3m : Fe, Al2O3 . FeO + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe + CO2 -Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 Fe. Dung d\u1ecbch F l\u00e0 FeSO4. 2Fe + 6 H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3 FeSO4 -K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H l\u00e0 Fe(OH)2. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn K l\u00e0 Fe2O3. FeSO4 + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + K2SO4 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2O3 + 3H2O (ho\u1eb7c: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O) C\u00e2u 58. Cho BaO v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch N. Cho Al d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch N thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed P v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Q. L\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch Q cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch K2CO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh M, N, P, Q, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: BaO + H2SO4 \u2192 BaSO4 + H2O K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M l\u00e0 BaSO4, dung d\u1ecbch N c\u00f3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: BaO d\u01b0 BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2 Kh\u00ed P: H2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Q l\u00e0 Ba(AlO2)2, T l\u00e0 BaCO3 Cho dung d\u1ecbch K2CO3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng K2CO3 + Ba(AlO2)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2KAlO2 Tr\u01a3\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: H2SO4 d\u01b0 2Al + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 Kh\u00ed P l\u00e0 H2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Q l\u00e0 Al2(SO4)3 Cho K2CO3 v\u00e0o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 3K2CO3 + 3H2O + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3K2SO4 + 3CO2 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T l\u00e0 Al(OH)3 C\u00e2u 59. a. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m BaCO3, MgCO3 v\u00e0 Al2O3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. H\u00f2a tan A trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed B t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C, sinh ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. Cho D v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan F. Cho F t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch G. Cho G t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 sinh ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. b. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CO2, HCl, N2, SO2 v\u00e0 Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 128","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. BaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae BaO + CO2\uf0ad (1) MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + CO2\uf0ad (2) \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A g\u1ed3m BaO, MgO v\u00e0 Al2O3. Kh\u00ed B l\u00e0 CO2. \uf0b7 A + H2O d\u01b0: MgO kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 (3) Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O (4) V\u00ec D tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH n\u00ean Ba(OH)2 h\u1ebft, Al2O3 c\u00f2n \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch C l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(AlO2)2. K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D g\u1ed3m MgO v\u00e0 Al2O3 d\u01b0. \uf0b7 CO2 d\u01b0 + dung d\u1ecbch Ba(AlO2)2: CO2 + Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 + 2Al(OH)3\uf0af (5) (E) \uf0b7 D + dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O (6) Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 MgO. \uf0b7 F + dung d\u1ecbch HCl: MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O (7) Dung d\u1ecbch G l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch MgCl2. (8) \uf0b7 G + AgNO3 : MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgCl\uf0af b. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3\uf0af + H2O (1) 2HCl + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCl2 + 2H2O (2) 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O (3) Ca(OH)2 + SO2 \uf0ae CaSO3\uf0af + H2O (4) SO2 + Ca(ClO)2 \uf0ae CaSO4\uf0af (\u00edt tan) + CaCl2 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) C\u00e2u 60. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ho\u00e0 tan A trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft G trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng r\u1ed3i cho dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015-2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: BaO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B g\u1ed3m: FeO v\u00e0 Al2O3 d\u01b0 (do E tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH) \uf022 dung d\u1ecbch D ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ba(AlO2)2. * S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D: Ba(AlO2)2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(HCO3)2 * S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: FeO + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe + CO2 \uf022 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E g\u1ed3m: Fe v\u00e0 Al2O3 * Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 129","Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O \uf022 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 Fe * Cho G t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4: Fe + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeSO4 + H2 V\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O C\u00e2u 61. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Al, Al2O3, Fe v\u00e0 Fe3O4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B, dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 kh\u00ed D. Cho kh\u00ed D (d\u01b0) qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng) d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch F, kh\u00ed G. Cho Fe d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch F thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch H. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i .- Cho A v\u00e0o dd NaOH d\u01b0 Al + NaOH + H2O \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 3\/2H2 Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B: Fe, Fe3O4; dd B: NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0; Kh\u00ed D: H2 - Cho D d\u01b0 qua A nung n\u00f3ng x\u1ea3y ra P\u01af: Fe3O4 + 4H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3Fe + 4H2O Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E: Al, Al2O3, Fe - E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd H2SO4 \u0111, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 2Al + 6H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Dung d\u1ecbch F: Al2(SO4)3, Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4 d\u01b0; Kh\u00ed G: SO2 - Cho Fe d\u01b0 v\u00e0o F x\u1ea3y ra P\u01af: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3FeSO4 Dung d\u1ecbch H : Al2(SO4)3, FeSO4 C\u00e2u 62. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng sinh ra kh\u00ed B. Kh\u00ed B tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch axit m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu cho dung d\u1ecbch B \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi KMnO4 th\u00ec sinh ra kh\u00ed C m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. Khi cho Natri t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t A. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, C v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015- 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: NaCl; B: HCl; C: Cl2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: NaCl (r) + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be2\uf0be500\uf0beC\uf0aeNaHSO4 + HCl \uf0ad Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaCl (r) + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be4\uf0be000\uf0beC\uf0aeNa2SO4 + 2HCl \uf0ad 16HCl \u0111\u1eb7c + 2KMnO4 \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1un\uf0benh\uf0bee\u00ef\uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2\uf0ad 2Na + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 130","C\u00e2u 63. Nung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. Ch\u1ea5t B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch D l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf phenolphtalein. Kh\u00ed C l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c dung d\u1ecbch D. Khi cho B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi cacbon \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed F. Cho E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u G. Kh\u00ed G ch\u00e1y cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016- 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: CaCO3 ; B: CaO; C: CO2 ; D: Ca(OH)2 ; E: CaC2 ; F: CO ; G: C2H2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 \uf0ad CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O CaO + 3C \uf0bet\uf0be0 ca\uf0beo\uf0ae CaC2 + CO \uf0ad CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \uf0ad C2H2 + 5 O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO2 + H2O 2 C\u00e2u 64. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m BaCO3 v\u00e0 NaHCO3 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol 1:1. Nung X \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i. H\u00f2a tan Y v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch T v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M. Cho Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi T, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch N. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Y, Z, T, M, N. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016- 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecdn 1mol BaCO3 v\u00e0 1mol NaHCO3 \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nung X: BaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae BaO + CO2 \uf0ad 1 \uf0ae 1 1 (mol) 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad 1 \uf0ae 0,5 0,5 (mol) \uf0ae R\u1eafn Y: BaO, NaHCO3; kh\u00ed Z: \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0eeCHO2O2 (:h1),5(mol) \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Y v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 1 1(mol) Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaOH 1 0,5 0,5 1 (mol) (d\u01b0 0,5 mol) \uf0ae Dung d\u1ecbch T: \uf0ecNaOH :1(mol) ; K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M: BaCO3 \uf0ee\uf0edBa(OH)2 : 0,5(mol) \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Z v\u1edbi T: nCO2 \uf03d 1,5 \uf03d nBa(OH)2 \uf02b nNaOH \uf0de k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (Ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nOH \uf03d 0,5.2 \uf02b1 \uf03d 1,3 \uf0ae t\u1ea1o 2 mu\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh theo PTHH) n CO2 1, 5 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 131","CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + H2O 0,5 0,5 0,5 (mol) CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 1 1 (mol) \uf0ae Dung d\u1ecbch N: NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 65. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Al2O3, Cu, Fe2O3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb NaOH t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn N. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua N nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn P. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong X, Y, Z, M, N, P. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016- 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Dung d\u1ecbch X: FeSO4, Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4, H2SO4 d\u01b0 \u2013 R\u1eafn Y: Cu; dung d\u1ecbch Z: Na2SO4, NaAlO2, NaOH d\u01b0 \u2013 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M: Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)2 \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn N: CuO, Fe2O3; ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn P: Cu, Fe b) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2FeSO4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a X v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: H2SO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O FeSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Fe(OH)2 \uf0af CuSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2 \uf0af Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 4H2O \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed: Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuO + H2O 2Fe(OH)2 + \u00bd O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2O3 + 2H2O \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed r\u1eafn N b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0. CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 + Cu Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3CO2 + 2Fe C\u00e2u 66. \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. H\u00f2a tan A trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed C v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Cho kh\u00ed C \u0111i ch\u1eadm qua dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Fe(NO3)2 v\u00e0 Cu(NO3)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016- 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec A + HCl \uf0ae h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed C v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1eafn D n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa Al v\u00e0 S x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \uf0de A: Al2S3, Al, S ; B: AlCl3, HCl d\u01b0 ; C: H2, H2S; D: S ; E: CuS CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 132","Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2Al + 3S \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2S3 Al2S3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2S \uf0ad 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 \uf0ad H2S + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae CuS \uf0af + 2HNO3 C\u00e2u 67. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m a gam Fe v\u00e0 a gam S. Nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. Cho Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi l\u1ea5y d\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017- 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 1 mol Fe = 56 gam \uf0ae nS \uf03d 56 \uf03d 1, 75 mol > 1 mol \uf0de S c\u00f3 d\u01b0 32 Fe + S \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae FeS Y: FeS, S d\u01a3 4FeS + 7O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae SO2 C\u00e2u 68. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ho\u00e0 tan A trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua B nung n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Khi cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y 1 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ecb tan, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. Ho\u00e0 tan G v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng r\u1ed3i cho dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014- 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a A v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a D v\u1edbi CO2 d\u01b0: Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + 2CO2 + 4H2O \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 + 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a B v\u1edbi CO d\u01b0: FeO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe + CO2 Do E tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH n\u00ean \uf0ae E g\u1ed3m Fe, Al2O3 \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a E v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O \uf0ae r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 Fe \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a G v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0: Fe + H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2 \uf0ad 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 \uf0ae 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O C\u00e2u 69. Cho BaO v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A, dung d\u1ecbch B. Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 kh\u00ed H2 bay l\u00ean. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch K2CO3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C th\u1ea5y t\u00e1ch ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 133","Cho BaO v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 BaO + H2SO4 \u2192 BaSO4 + H2O BaO + H2O \u2192 Ba(OH)2 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 BaSO4, dung d\u1ecbch B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 H2SO4 d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c Ba(OH)2 * TH1: Dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 d\u01b0 2 AI + 3H2SO4 \u2192Al2(S04)3 + 3H2 Dung d\u1ecbch C l\u00e0 Al2(SO4)3 A12(S04)3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O \u2192 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 3Na2SO4 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 Al(OH)3 * TH2: Dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O + 2Al \u2192 Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2 Dung d\u1ecbch C l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(AlO2)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 BaCO3 + 2NaAlO2 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 BaCO3 C\u00e2u 70. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho ti\u1ebfp kim lo\u1ea1i Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed A, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Al t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A \uf0de dung d\u1ecbch B c\u00f3 H2SO4 d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c NaOH, v\u1eady c\u00f3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: - H2SO4 d\u01b0 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na 2Na \uf02b H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Dung d\u1ecbch B Kh\u00ed A Na2SO4, H2SO4 d\u01b0 H2 - Cho ti\u1ebfp Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B th\u00ec H2SO4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 2Al \uf02b 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3H2 \uf0ad Kh\u00ed A Dung d\u1ecbch D Na2SO4 v\u00e0 Al2(SO4)3 H2 ho\u1eb7c Na2SO4, Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 H2SO4 d\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: - Na d\u01b0 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 2Na \uf02b H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad 2Na \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Kh\u00ed A Dung d\u1ecbch B Na2SO4, NaOH H2 - Cho ti\u1ebfp Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B th\u00ec NaOH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 2Al \uf02b 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b 3H2 \uf0ad Kh\u00ed A Dung d\u1ecbch D Na2SO4 v\u00e0 NaAlO2 H2 ho\u1eb7c Na2SO4, NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0 \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 134","- Trong 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean th\u00ec Al kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na2SO4 \uf0de trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch D lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 Na2SO4. - V\u00ec ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft nNa va\u00f8 nH2SO4 \uf0de ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 Na d\u01b0 hay thi\u1ebfu khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4. - V\u00ec ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft nAl va\u00f8 nB \uf0de ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 Al d\u01b0 hay thi\u1ebfu khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 hay NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch B. C\u00e2u 71. Chia m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u Ba kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau. Cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A1. Cho ph\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B1 v\u00e0 cho ph\u1ea7n ba v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i D thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D1. Nung B1 v\u00e0 D1 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 B2 v\u00e0 D2. Tr\u1ed9n B2 v\u1edbi D2 r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E ch\u1ee9a hai ch\u1ea5t tan. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch E l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B1. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: A1, B1, D1 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 oxit baz\u01a1, baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A, B, D ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ABD AgNO3 AlCl3 Na2CO3 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: + Cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A (AgNO3) Ba \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Ba(OH)2 \uf02b 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Ba(NO3 )2 \uf02b Ag2O \uf0af \uf02b H2O A1 + Cho ph\u1ea7n hai v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B (AlCl3) Ba \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad 3Ba(OH)2 \u00a0\uf02b 2AlCl3 \uf0ae 2 Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3BaCl2 B1 + Cho ph\u1ea7n ba v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i D (Na2CO3) Ba \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Ba(OH)2 \uf02b Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2NaOH D1 + Nung B1 v\u00e0 D1 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i 2 Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf02b 3H2O B1 B2 BaCO3 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae BaO \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad D1 D2 + Tr\u1ed9n B2 v\u1edbi D2 r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc BaO \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Al2O3 \uf02b Ba(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Ba(AlO2 )2 \uf02b H2O V\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch E ch\u1ee9a 2 ch\u1ea5t tan \uf0de Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 + S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch E 2CO2 \u00a0\uf02b Ba(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 2CO2 \uf02b 4H2O \uf02b Ba(AlO2 )2 \u00a0\uf0ae 2 Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b Ba(HCO3 )2 B1 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 135","C\u00e2u 73. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (a) (X)r + HNO3(dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (Y)dd + H2O (b) (X)r + CO \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (Z)r + CO2 (c) (Z)r + HNO3(dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (Y)dd + (T)k + H2O (d) (Z)r + HCl(dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (Q)dd + (M)k (e) (Y)dd + NaOH(dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (A)r + (D)dd (f) (A)r \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (X)r + H2O Cho bi\u1ebft X l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf, dd: dung d\u1ecbch, r: r\u1eafn, k: kh\u00ed. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 (X)r (Y)dd (Z)r (T)k (Q)dd (M)k (D)dd (A)r Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe NO ho\u1eb7c FeCl2 H2 NaNO3 Fe(OH)3 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NO2 (a) Fe2O3 \uf02b 6HNO3 \u00a0\uf0ae 2 Fe(NO3)3 \uf02b 3H2O XY (b) Fe2O3 \uf02b 3CO\u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 Fe \uf02b 3CO2 XZ (c) Fe \uf02b 4HNO3(loa\u00f5ng) \uf0ae Fe(NO3 )3 \uf02b NO \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O Z YT Ho\u1eb7c Fe \uf02b 6HNO3(\u00f1a\u00ebc) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0aeFe(NO3)3 \uf02b 3NO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 3H2O Z YT (d) Fe \uf02b 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Z QM (e) Fe(NO3 )3 \uf02b 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3NaNO3 Y AD (f) 2 Fe(OH)3 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2O3 \uf02b 3H2O AX C\u00e2u 74. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (1) FeS2 + O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A + B \uf0ad (2) B \uf02b D \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae E \uf0af \uf02b F ma\u00f8u va\u00f8ng (3) A + G \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H + F (4) H + I \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K \uf0af + L (5) H + M \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae N (6) N + I \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae P \uf0af + L (7) P + F + Q \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K (8) K + G + M \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae N + F (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 136","- C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 A BDE F GH I Fe2O3 SO2 H2S S H2O HCl FeCl3 NaOH K LM N P QG Fe(OH)3 NaCl Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 O2 HCl - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (1) 4FeS2 \uf02b 11O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 Fe2O3 \uf02b 8SO2 \uf0ad AB (2) SO2 \uf02b 2 H2S\u00a0\uf0ae 3S \uf0af \uf02b 2 H2O B DE F (3) Fe2O3 \uf02b 6 HCl \u00a0\uf0ae 2 FeCl3 \uf02b 3H2O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AG H F (4) FeCl3 \uf02b 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3NaCl HI K L (5) 2 FeCl3 \uf02b Fe\u00a0\uf0ae 3FeCl2 HM N (6) FeCl2 \uf02b 2 NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b 2 NaCl NI P L (7) 4 Fe(OH)2 \uf02b 2 H2O \uf02b O2 \u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae 4 Fe(OH)3 \uf0af P FQ K (8) 2 Fe(OH)3 \uf02b 6 HCl \u00a0\uf02b Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 \uf02b 6 H2O K GM N F \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (8) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a 2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: 2Fe(OH)3 \uf02b 6HCl \u00a0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2FeCl3 \uf02b 6H2O + Fe \uf02b 2FeCl3\u00a0 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3FeCl2 2 Fe(OH)3 \uf02b 6 HCl \u00a0\uf02b Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 \uf02b 6 H2O K GM N F C\u00e2u 75. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (a) FeCl3, HNO3 (e) NaOH, KCl (b) BaCl2, Na2SO4 (f) CuSO4, NaOH (c) KHCO3, KOH (g) AgNO3, HCl (d) Na2SO3, HCl (h) AlCl3, H2SO4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf Nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau: C\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (b) BaCl2, BaCl2 \uf02b Na2SO4 \u00a0\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b 2NaCl Na2SO4 (c) KHCO3, KOH KHCO3 \uf02b KOH\u00a0\uf0ae K2CO3 \uf02b H2O (d) Na2SO3, HCl Na2SO3 \uf02b 2HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaCl \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 137","(f) CuSO4, NaOH CuSO4 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b Na2SO4 (g) AgNO3, HCl AgNO3 \uf02b HCl \uf0ae AgCl \uf0af \uf02b HNO3 \u25cf Nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e2u 76. Hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 B \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t A, B \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong, dung d\u1ecbch clo v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean KHTN \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0: \uf0ef\uf0ecA :SO2 hoa\u00ebc \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0ed\uf0efBA::SHO2S2 \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0eeB :H2S - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: + A v\u00e0 B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau SO2 \uf02b 2H2S\u00a0\uf0ae 3S \uf0af \uf02b 2H2O + A hay B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong, dung d\u1ecbch clo v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm SO2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae \u00a0CaSO3 \uf0af \uf02b H2O 2SO2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae \u00a0Ca(HSO3 )2 SO2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae \u00a02HCl \uf02b H2SO4 5SO2 \uf02b 2KMnO4 \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 2H2SO4 H2S \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaS \uf02b 2H2O 2H2S \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(HS)2 \uf02b 2H2O H2S \uf02b 4Cl2 \uf02b 4H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 \u00a0\uf02b\u00a08HCl 5H2S \uf02b 2KMnO4 \uf02b 3H2SO4 \uf0ae 5S \uf0af \uf02b K2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 8H2O C\u00e2u 77. \u0110\u1ed1t kim lo\u1ea1i R trong kh\u00ed oxi d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X1, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed X1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 oxi chi\u1ebfm 20% v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u1eeb R ho\u1eb7c X1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i X2, X3. T\u1eeb X1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X4. Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i M c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n MX1 \uf03c MX4 \uf03c MX2 \uf03c MX3 . X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh R, ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, X4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a X1 l\u00e0 R2On, ta c\u00f3: 16n \uf03d 20 \uf0db R \uf03d 32n 2R 80 Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7m n = 2, R =64 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \uf0de R l\u00e0 Cu v\u00e0 X1 l\u00e0 CuO. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n MX1 \uf03c MX4 \uf03c MX2 \uf03c MX3 l\u00e0 X2 X3 X4 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 CuSO4 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2 Cu \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 CuO R X1 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 138","Cu \uf02b 2H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O R X2 CuO \uf02b H2SO4 \uf0ae \u00a0CuSO4 \uf02b H2O X1 X2 3Cu \uf02b 8HNO3 \uf0ae 3Cu(NO3 )2 \uf02b 2NO \uf0ad \uf02b 4H2O R X3 CuO \uf02b 2HNO3 \uf0ae Cu(NO3 )2 \uf02b H2O X1 X3 C\u00e2u 78. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho mi\u1ebfng Ca v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch FeCl2, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed5 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u0129a th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. b) Cho b\u1ed9t Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u00f3ng, d\u1eabn kh\u00ed sinh ra qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ca \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad (1) FeCl2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b CaCl2 (2) (3) 4Fe(OH)2 \uf02b O2 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 (4) b) Cu \uf02b 2H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O SO2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae \u00a0CaSO3 \uf0af \uf02b H2O (5) 2SO2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Ca(HSO3 )2 (6) \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: V\u00ec ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol c\u1ee7a SO2 v\u00e0 Ca(OH)2, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) ho\u1eb7c (6) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) v\u00e0 (6). C\u00e2u 79. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i Na do b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. Cho A v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - \u0110\u1ec3 Na ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi O2, H2O, CO2,...) 4Na + O2 \uf0ae 2Na2O 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 Na2O + H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH 2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O Na2O + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: V\u00ec NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a NaHCO3. - Cho A (Na d\u01b0, NaOH d\u01b0, Na2O d\u01b0, Na2CO3) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 Na2O + H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH Dung d\u1ecbch B: NaOH, Na2CO3. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 139","C\u00e2u 80. Cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 CuSO4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A, dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Cho H2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua D nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E (gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t 100%). H\u00f2a tan E trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u00ec E ch\u1ec9 tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 CuSO4: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 6NaOH + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 CuSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O. Kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 H2, dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0 Na2SO4 ho\u1eb7c Na2SO4 v\u00e0 NaAlO2. - V\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi nung n\u00f3ng sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eed b\u1eb1ng H2 d\u01b0, r\u1ed3i cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C c\u00f3 Al(OH)3 v\u00e0 Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuO + H2O 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D: CuO, Al2O3 - Cho H2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua D nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E: Cu, Al2O3 CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + H2O - H\u00f2a tan E trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O C\u00e2u 81. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng (Q) c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 2 oxit (A) v\u00e0 (B) \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch (A) ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1eb7ng (Q), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau: N\u1ea5u qu\u1eb7ng (Q) trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch (C) v\u00e0 b\u00e3 qu\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng tan m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9a (B). Ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch (C), th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (D) d\u1ea1ng keo, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. L\u1ecdc thu (D), ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch (E). Nung (D) trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (A). Cho bi\u1ebft (A) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia d\u1ee5ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 trong (B), oxi chi\u1ebfm 30% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (A), (B), (D) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch (C) v\u00e0 (E). Vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. Qu\u1eb7ng (Q) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: + Oxit (A) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi NaOH \uf0de (A) l\u00e0 oxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh (Al2O3, ZnO,\u2026) + Oxit (A) \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia d\u1ee5ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \uf0de (A) l\u00e0 Al2O3 + Oxit (B) c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH l\u00e0 Fe2O3 (%O \uf03d 3.16 .100% \uf03d 30%) 160 V\u1eady qu\u1eb7ng (Q) c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng boxit. - T\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 140","Fe2O3 (B) (Q) \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0efAl(2AO) 3 NaOH NaHCO3 \uf0ed\uf0efFe2O3 \uf0ee\uf0ef (B) (E) dd (C) \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecNNaaAOlHOd2\u00f6 CO2 d\u00f6 Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 (D) (A) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Al2O3 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b H2O\u00a0\u00a0 NaOH \uf02b CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaAlO2 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf02b 3H2O C\u00e2u 82. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, Fe2O3, CuO v\u00e0 Na2O. Cho X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A, dung d\u1ecbch B. Khi cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E. Cho d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n E thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u A, B, C, E, F, H, G trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0: Na2O \uf02b H2O \u00a0\uf0ae 2NaOH Al2O3 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b H2O\u00a0\u00a0 Khi cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong A c\u00f3 Al2O3 d\u01b0. + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A: Fe2O3, CuO, Al2O3 d\u01b0 + Dung d\u1ecbch B: NaAlO2 - Khi cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 Al2O3 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b H2O\u00a0\u00a0 + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C: Fe2O3, CuO + Dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E: NaOH, NaAlO2 + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H: NaOH, NaAlO2 - Cho d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C: Fe2O3 \uf02b 3CO\u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe \uf02b 3CO2 CuO \uf02b CO\u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu \uf02b CO2 \u00a0\u00a0 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F: Fe, Cu - Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D g\u1ed3m: AlCl3, NaCl, HCl d\u01b0 NaAlO2 \uf02b HCl \uf02b H2O\u00a0\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 141","Al(OH)3 \uf02b 3HCl \uf0ae AlCl3 \uf02b 3H2O - C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n D th\u00ec HCl v\u00e0 H2O bay h\u01a1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G: AlCl3, NaCl. C\u00e2u 83. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaO, FeO, Al2O3. Ho\u00e0 tan A trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft G trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng r\u1ed3i cho dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (bi\u1ebft trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng H2SO4, KMnO4 t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 MnSO4). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: BaO \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Al2O3 \uf02b Ba(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Ba(AlO2 )2 \uf02b H2O + Dung d\u1ecbch D: Ba(AlO2)2. + Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B: FeO v\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f2n d\u01b0 (Do E tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH). - S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D: Ba(AlO2 )2 \uf02b 2CO2 \uf02b 4H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b Ba(HCO3)2 - Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 Al2O3 FeO \uf02b CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe\u00a0\uf02b CO2 \u00a0\u00a0 - Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 Fe Al2O3 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b H2O\u00a0\u00a0 - Cho G t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 Fe \uf02b H2SO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad - Dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4: 10FeSO4 \uf02b 2KMnO4 \uf02b 8H2SO4 \u00a0\uf0ae 5Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b K2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 8H2O C\u00e2u 84. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Al2O3, Cu, Fe2O3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn N. Cho kh\u00ed H2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua N nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn P. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Q. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong X, Y, Z, M, N, P, Q. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong X, Y, Z, M, N, P, Q: Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X l\u00e0 Cu \uf0de trong dung d\u1ecbch X kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i Fe2(SO4)3 v\u00ec Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i Fe(III) X Y Z M NP Q Al2(SO4)3 Cu NaAlO2 Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3 Fe Al(OH)3 FeSO4 Na2SO4 Cu(OH)2 CuO Cu NaOH d\u01b0 CuSO4 H2SO4 d\u01b0 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 142","b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Al2O3, Cu, Fe2O3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0: Al2O3 \uf02b 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 2H2O Fe2O3 \uf02b 3H2SO4 \u00a0\uf0ae Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3H2O Cu \uf02b Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf0ae CuSO4 \uf02b 2FeSO4 - Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X: 2NaOH \uf02b H2SO4 \u00a0\uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b 2H2O CuSO4 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b Na2SO4 FeSO4 \uf02b 2NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b Na2SO4 Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 6NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 \uf02b 2H2O - Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a M ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng: 4Fe(OH)2 \uf02b O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 \uf02b 4H2O Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuO \uf02b H2O - Cho kh\u00ed H2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua N nung n\u00f3ng: Fe2O3 \uf02b 3H2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe \uf02b 3H2O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CuO \uf02b H2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu \uf02b H2O - S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Z: NaOH \uf02b CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaAlO2 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 85. C\u00f3 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed A, B, C, D. Kh\u00ed A t\u1ea1o n\u00ean khi nung n\u00f3ng KMnO4. Kh\u00ed B bay ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m, kh\u00ed C bay ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n. Kh\u00ed D l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 8. Cho bi\u1ebft A, B, C, D l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed g\u00ec? Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean KHTN \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00ed: 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \u00a0K2MnO4 \uf02b MnO2 \uf02b O2 \uf0ad A 2NaCl \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiem\u00e4n\uf0beap\u00f8nhga\uf0ben\u00e2ngdau\u00ean\uf0benxgod\u00e1\uf0bep\u00f2ch\uf0ae 2NaOH \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2 \uf0ad CB MD \uf03d 2.8 \uf03d 16 \uf0de D l\u00e0 CH4. \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u1ea1i catot (c\u1ef1c \u00e2m) x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed H2O t\u1ea1o ra H2 2H2O \uf02b 2e \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2 H2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2OH\uf02d B T\u1ea1i anot (c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng) x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxit h\u00f3a Cl- t\u1ea1o ra Cl2 2Cl\uf02d \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCl2 \uf02b 2e C - Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t : CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 143","2H2 \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2H2O H2 \uf02b Cl2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2HCl CH4 \uf02b 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 \uf02b 2H2O CH4 \uf02b xCl2 \u00a0\uf0bea\uf0beskt\uf0be\uf0ae CH4\uf02dxClx \uf02b xHCl (v\u00f4\u00f9i x \uf0a3 4) Ho\u1eb7c CH4 \uf02b 2Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae C \uf02b 4HCl \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec CH4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi O2 theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: 2CH4 \uf02b O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae 2CH3OH ancol metylic CH4 \uf02b O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae HCHO \uf02b H2O an\u00f1ehit fomic C\u00e2u 86. A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kali (88 \uf03c MA \uf03c 96). B l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a clo (MB \uf03c 38) . H\u00f2a tan m1 gam ch\u1ea5t A v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u xanh. H\u00f2a tan m2 gam ch\u1ea5t B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan k\u1ebdm kim lo\u1ea1i. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A, B v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tan trong dung d\u1ecbch X, Y, Z. b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong A, B, X, Y, Z A B X Y Z kh\u00ed hi\u0111roclorua KOH Dung d\u1ecbch axit KCl v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0 K2O HCl (36,5 \u0111vC) Ho\u1eb7c KCl v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0 (94 \u0111vC) clohi\u0111ric HCl b) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: K2O \uf02b H2O\u00a0\uf0ae 2 KOH AX HCl \uf0beH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae HCl kh\u00ed B dung d\u00f2ch Y KOH \uf02b HCl \u00a0\uf0ae KCl \uf02b H2O Zn \uf02b 2KOH\u00a0\uf0ae K2ZnO2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Zn \uf02b 2HCl \uf0ae ZnCl2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 87. X, Y, Z l\u00e0 3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ea1m, l\u00e2n v\u00e0 kali cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Ba h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a X cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch natri cacbonat d\u01b0. - Khi cho d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch natri hi\u0111roxit v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Y v\u00e0 \u0111un s\u00f4i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khai bay ra, nh\u01b0ng cho dung d\u1ecbch axit clohi\u0111ric v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. Dung d\u1ecbch Y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch bari clorua. - Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Z t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ea1c nitrat, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch bari clorua. Ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 144","\u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - Ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nit\u01a1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion NH4+ hay NO3- - Ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 photpho d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion photphat - Ph\u00e2n kali cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kali d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ion K+ V\u1eady 3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 XYZ Ca(NO3)2 (NH4)3PO4 KCl \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Ca(NO3 )2 \uf02b Na2CO3 \u00a0\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2NaNO3 X (NH4 )3 PO4 \uf02b 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0aeNa3PO4 \uf02b 3NH3 \uf0ad \uf02b 3H2O Y 2(NH4 )3 PO4 \uf02b 3BaCl2 \uf0ae Ba3(PO4 )2 \uf0af \uf02b 6NH4Cl Y KCl \uf02b AgNO3 \u00a0\uf0ae AgCl \uf0af \uf02b KNO3 Z D\u1ea1ng 2: HO\u00c0N TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG \u2013 S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 CHUY\u1ec2N H\u00d3A C\u00e2u 88. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t (A) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng): (A) \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Al \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be((\uf0be23))\uf0be\uf0ae AlCl3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Al(NO3)3 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be((\uf0be65))\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae (A) Ch\u1ea5t (A) l\u00e0 Al2O3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean An Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bephCa\uf0be\u00e2nrionlo\uf0beit\u00f9ng\uf0becha\u00fb\uf0bey\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 \uf0ad (1) 2Al + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2AlCl3 (2) 2AlCl3 + 3Mg \uf0ae 3MgCl2 + 2Al\uf0af (3) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 \uf0ae Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl \uf0af (4) Al(NO3)3 + 3NaOHv\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \uf0ae 3NaNO3 + Al(OH)3 \uf0af (5) Al(OH)3 + 3HNO3 \uf0ae Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O (6) 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O (7) C\u00e2u 89. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CO2, Fe2O3, Na2SO3, CuO, SO2, MgSO4. a. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng? b. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ki\u00ean Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0: Fe2O3, Na2SO3, CuO PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O CuO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 145","b. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH l\u00e0: CO2, SO2, MgSO4. PTHH: CO2 + 2NaOHd\u01b0 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O ; CO2d\u01b0 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 SO2 + 2NaOHd\u01b0 \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O ; SO2d\u01b0 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHSO3 MgSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + Na2SO4 Ngo\u00e0i ra, CO2 v\u00e0 SO2 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi H2O c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft NaOH) theo PTHH: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 SO2 + H2O H2SO3 C\u00e2u 90. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1eb7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). a. H2SO4 v\u00e0 KHCO3 b. CaCl2 v\u00e0 Na2CO3 c. K2CO3 v\u00e0 NaCl (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1eadu Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u1eb7p a, b t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau c\u00f2n c kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec: \uf02d C\u1eb7p a th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khi cho mu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng axit c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra; \uf02d C\u1eb7p b th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t khi cho hai mu\u1ed1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng mu\u1ed1i m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a; \uf02d C\u1eb7p c kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: a. H2SO4 + 2KHCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O b. CaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaCl c. K2CO3 + NaCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra C\u00e2u 91. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, C, D\u2026 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u2013 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3; m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng). A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae B\uf0ad \uf0bed\uf0bed N\uf0beaOH\uf0be\uf0ae C \uf0bed\uf0bed N\uf0beaOH\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0bed\uf0bed H\uf0beCl\uf0ae B\uf0ad \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae E \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO\uf0ae F \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCu\uf0be\uf0ae B\uf0ad Cho bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean C\u00e0 Mau, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: \uf02d A l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft pirit, n\u00ean A l\u00e0 FeS2. \uf02d \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y FeS2, sinh ra kh\u00ed B l\u00e0 SO2. \uf02d Kh\u00ed SO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH sinh ra C, v\u00e0 C ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi NaOH sinh ra D \uf0de C l\u00e0 NaHSO3 v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 Na2SO3. \uf02d Kh\u00ed SO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi O2 t\u1ea1o ra E, v\u00e0 E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O t\u1ea1o ra F l\u00e0 axit \uf0de E l\u00e0 SO3 v\u00e0 F l\u00e0 H2SO4. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0: 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2\u2191 SO2 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHSO3 NaHSO3 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + SO2\u2191 + H2O 2SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo,x\uf0beu\uf0be\u00f9c t\uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9c V\uf0be\uf0be2O5\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 146","SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2\u2191 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 92. Cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: (1) A + B \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Q (4) F + B \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae E \uf0ad (2) Q + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae D + E \uf0ad (5) G + E \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae I + H2O (3) A + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae D + F \uf0ad (6) I + FeSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Q \uf0af + J Bi\u1ebft A, B, F l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t; Q (MQ = 88 g\/mol) l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc; J l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a natri. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: Fe B: S Q: FeS D: FeCl2 E: H2S F: H2 G: NaOH I: Na2S J: Na2SO4 (1) Fe + S \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae FeS (2) FeS + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2S\u2191 (3) Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2\u2191 (4) H2 + S \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae H2S\u2191 (5) 2NaOH + H2S \u2192 Na2S + 2H2O (6) Na2S + FeSO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + FeS\u2193 C\u00e2u 93. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: a) H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2 mol 1 mol b) H3PO4 + K2HPO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 1 mol 1 mol (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean , n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) 2H3PO4 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2H2O 2 mol 1 mol b) H3PO4 + K2HPO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KH2PO4 1 mol 1 mol C\u00e2u 94. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae MgCl2 \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae MgO b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: A1 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 + A2 + H2O (1) A3 + A4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 + A5 + H2O + CO2 (2) Bi\u1ebft A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i tan. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) (1) Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O (2) Mg + FeCl2 \uf0ae MgCl2+ Fe (3) MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 147","b) (4) Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae MgO + H2O (1) Ho\u1eb7c Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (1\u2019) Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH \uf0ae CaCO3 + NaHCO3 + H2O Ho\u1eb7c NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaSO4 + NaHCO4 + H2O + CO2 (2) 2NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 (2\u2019) C\u00e2u 95. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Al(NO3)3 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae X2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Al \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae X3 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae CuCl2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae X4 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae X5 \uf0be(\uf0be9)\uf0ae X6 \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0be\uf0ae CO \uf0be(\uf0be11)\uf0be\uf0ae X7 \uf0be(\uf0be12)\uf0be\uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 Fe Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Cu NaCl HCl CO2 C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Al(NO3)3 + 3NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 + 3NaNO3 (1) Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + H2O (2) 2Al2O3 \uf0beC\uf0be\u00f1rpion\uf0belcit\uf0ae 4Al+ 3O2 (3) 2Al + 3CuO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3Cu Cu + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuCl2 (4) (5) CuCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl (6) 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 (7) Cl2 + H2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae 2HCl (8) 2HCl + CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O (9) CO2 + C \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CO (10) 3CO + Fe2O3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 (11) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (12) C\u00e2u 96. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (A) + (B) + H2O \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a keo tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. (C) + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a keo tr\u1eafng. (D) + (B) + H2O \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a keo tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. (A) + (E) \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. (E) + (B) \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. (D) + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u \u0111en (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecdn: A: Na2CO3, B: Al2(SO4)3, C: NaAlO2, D: Na2S, E: BaCl2. 3Na2CO3 + Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\u2193keo tr\u1eafng + 3CO2\u2191 + 3Na2SO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 148","(A) (B) NaAlO2 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\u2193keo tr\u1eafng + NaHCO3 (C) 3Na2S + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\u2193keo tr\u1eafng + 3H2S\u2191 + 3Na2SO4 (D) (B) Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaCO3\u2193tr\u1eafng + 2NaCl (A) (E) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4\u2193tr\u1eafng + 2AlCl3 (E) (B) Na2S + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae CuS\u2193\u0111en + NaNO3 (D) C\u00e2u 97. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: A1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0ae A2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHC\uf0bel\uf0ae A3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae A4 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2O\uf0be\uf02bN\uf0beH3(\uf0be\uf0aed\u00f6 ) A5 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2O\uf0be\uf02b B\uf0ber2 \uf0ae A6 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beBaC\uf0bel2 \uf0ae A7 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beAg\uf0beNO3\uf0be\uf0ae A8 Bi\u1ebft: A1 ch\u1ee9a 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng 51. A8 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Khi\u1ebft \u2013 Qu\u00e3ng Ng\u00e3i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A1 ch\u1ee9a S v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng 51 \uf0de A1 l\u00e0 NH4HS \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn A2: NaHS, A3: H2S, A4: SO2, A5: (NH4)2SO3, A6: (NH4)2SO4, A7: NH4Cl, A8: AgCl. PTHH: (1) NH4HS + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad + NaHS + H2O (2) NaHS + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + H2S \uf0ad (3) 2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be\uf0b0\uf0ae 2SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O (4) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (NH4)2SO3 (5) (NH4)2SO3 + Br2 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (NH4)2SO4 + 2HBr (6) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NH4Cl (7) NH4Cl + AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH4NO3 + AgCl \uf0af C\u00e2u 98. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 sau: M1 \uf0ae M2 \uf0ae M3 \uf0ae M4 \uf0ae M5 \uf0ae M6 \uf0ae M7 H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (1), (2) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p; (3) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trung h\u00f2a; c\u00f2n (4), (5) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i; (6) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n. M1 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a M1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 NaCl NaNO3 NaNO2. Na Na2O NaOH Na2SO4 (1) 4Na + O2 \uf0ae 2Na2O (2) Na2O + H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH (3) 2NaOH + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O (4) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae 2NaCl + BaSO4 (5) NaCl + AgNO3 \uf0ae NaNO3 + AgCl (6) 2NaNO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2NaNO2 + O2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 149","C\u00e2u 99. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Al2O3 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0ae KAlO2 \uf0ae Al(OH)3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lai Ch\u00e2u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\uf0af + 3Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 + KOH \uf0ae KAlO2 + 2H2O KAlO2 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3\uf0af + KHCO3 C\u00e2u 100. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u X, Y, Z, G, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (Ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) (3) Z \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae X L\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeY \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0aeG \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae X (4) T \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae NaOH (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X\u00e1c d\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, G, T: H2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae SO2 (3) (Z) (X) S \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae SO2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae SO3 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae Na2SO3 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae SO2 (X) (Y) (G) (X) (4) Na2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae NaOH (T) (1) S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae SO2 (2) 2SO2 + O2 \uf0beV\uf0be2O\uf0be5,t0\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 (3) SO3 + H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 (4) 2H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) + Cu \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O (5) SO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O (6) Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaSO4 + 2NaOH (7) SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O (8) Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O. C\u00e2u 101. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u1ee5 - H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X: Fe(OH)3; Y: Fe2O3; Z: Fe CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 150"]
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