LUYỆN-SÁCH CHINH PHỤC HÓA 9

["c\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Fe3O4 + 4CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3Fe + 4CO2\u2191 d\/ Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Fe3O4 + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3FeO + CO2\u2191 MnO2 + 4HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2\u2191 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 3. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: cho ch\u1ea5t X (C2H6O) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t Y (C2H4O2) v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 Z (C4H8O2). Bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t Y l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u1edf GD-\u0110T HN, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1\/ Ch\u1ea5t Y c\u00f3 CTPT C2H4O2, l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00ean Y l\u00e0 axit cacboxylic. CTCT c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0: CH3 \u2013 COOH (axit axetic) Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi X khi c\u00f3 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c, n\u00ean X l\u00e0 ancol v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Z l\u00e0 este. CTCT c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0: CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) CTCT c\u1ee7a Z l\u00e0: CH3 \u2013 COO \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH3 (etyl axetat) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CH3 \u2013 COOH + CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beOto4\uf0be\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3 \u2013 COO \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH3 + H2O C\u00e2u 4. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Y \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae C2H4O2 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae C4H6O2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Polime (Z) \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae C2H3O2Na \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae CH4. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o; c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u - Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X l\u00e0 C6H12O6 , Y l\u00e0 C2H5OH, Z l\u00e0 CH2 CH n CH3COO (1) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0bec\uf0beloro\uf0bephin\uf0be\uf0ae (C6H10O5 ) n as (2) (C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (3) C6H12O6 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aemen r\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 300 \uf02d350 C (4) C2H5OH (10 \u0111\u1ed9) + O2 (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) \uf0bem\uf0been30\uf0beg0ia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (5) CH3COOH + CH \uf0ba CH \uf0bext\uf0be0t\uf0ae CH3COO-CH=CH2 (6) nCH3COO-CH=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 CH p n CH3COO (7) CH2 CH + nNaOH \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 CH + nCH3COONa np n CH3COO OH (8) CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r) \uf0beC\uf0beta0O\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 251","C\u00e2u 5. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi: a) \u0110un n\u00f3ng este CH3COOC2H5 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit clohi\u0111ric. b) \u0110un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (C17H35COO)3C3H5 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch natri hi\u0111roxit. c) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp axit axetic t\u1eeb CH3CH2CH2CH3. d) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed etilen v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n - Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: a) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O HCl CH3COOH + C2H5OH to b) (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3C17H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3 c) 2CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 5O2 \uf0betx\uf0beot\uf0ae 4CH3COOH + 2H2O d) 3C2H4 + 4H2O + 2KMnO4 \uf0ae 3C2H4(OH)2 + 2KOH + 2MnO2. C\u00e2u 6. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, E, G, H, Y, Z. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: E \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be(xt,\uf0beto )\uf0ae G \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beC2\uf0beH5O\uf0beH (x\uf0bet, to\uf0be)\uf0ae H + NaOH (to) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeA \uf02b H2O (axit, to) B \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH E \uf0be(\uf0bext, to\uf0be)\uf0ae Y \uf0be+\uf0beCl2\uf0be(a\/s\uf0be, t\u00e6 le\uf0be\u00e4 mo\uf0bel 1:1\uf0be)\uf0ae Z + NaOH (to) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t : A BE G H Y Z (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 C4H10 CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 C2H6 C2H5Cl C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2C4H10 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo, x\uf0bet\uf0ae 4CH3COOH + 2H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 , \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit, \uf0beto \uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C4H10 \uf0bet\uf0beo , p\uf0be, xt\uf0ae C2H6 + C2H4 C2H6 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\/s, t\u00e6\uf0bele\u00e4 m\uf0beol 1\uf0be:1\uf0ae C2H5Cl + HCl C2H5Cl + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae C2H5OH + NaCl C\u00e2u 7. Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00ed metan c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metan t\u1eeb cacbon v\u00e0 hi\u0111ro ho\u1eb7c nung n\u00f3ng natri axetat v\u1edbi v\u00f4i t\u00f4i x\u00fat. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 Nam, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Metan c\u00f3 trong m\u1ecf kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00ed m\u1ecf than, kh\u00ed m\u1ecf d\u1ea7u, \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y, b\u00f9n ao\u2026 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 252","C + 2H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 C\u00e2u 8. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C6H12O6 (glucoz\u01a1), C12H22O11 (saccaroz\u01a1), CH3COOC2H5, CH3COONa. L\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a 6 ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i D\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: C12H22O11 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae C6H12O6 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae CH3COONa (1) C12H22O11+ H2O \uf0beH\uf0betCo l\uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0bem3\uf0be0e-n3\uf0ber5\u00ado\u00eeCu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (3) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (4) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beOt\uf0beo4\u00ae\u00c6\uf0be\uf0bec\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (5) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH C\u00e2u 9. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D, E, F, G, H, X, Y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - X, Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1; A, B, D, E, F, G, H l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. - \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1,38 gam D th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,64 gam CO2 v\u00e0 1,62 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. - Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t D, E, F, G, X, Y th\u1ecfa \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: MD < MF< ME; MD + ME =MY; MG= 2MX. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ta c\u00f3: nCO2 \uf03d 2, 64 \uf03d 0, 06 (mol) \uf0beB\uf0bea\u00fbo \uf0betoa\u00f8n\uf0beC\uf0ae nC \uf03d 0, 06 (mol) 44 nH2O = 1, 62 \uf03d 0, 09 (mol) \uf0beB\uf0bea\u00fbo \uf0betoa\u00f8n\uf0beH\uf0ae nH = 2.0,09 = 0,18 (mol) 18 \uf0de mC + mH = 0,06.12 + 0,18 = 0,9 (g) < mD \uf0de D c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a O v\u1edbi nO \uf03d 1, 38 - 0, 9 \uf03d 0, 03 (mol) 16 Trong D, ta c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7: nC : n H: nO \uf03d 0, 06 : 0,18 : 0, 03 \uf03d 2 : 6 :1 \uf0de C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 (C2H6O)n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n 6n \uf0a3 2.2n + 2 v\u00e0 n nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng \uf0de n=1 \uf0de CTPT c\u1ee7a D l\u00e0 C2H6O T\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 cho, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau: X: CO2; A: ( C6H10O5 ) n; B: C6H12O6; D: C2H5OH; F: C4H10; E: CH3COOH; G: CH3COOC2H5; H: CH3COONa; Y: Na2CO3 PTHH: (1) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0beC\uf0beAl\u00d9nohro\uf0bespah\u00f9nign\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n + 6nO2 (X) (A) (2) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beA\uf0betxoit\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 253","(B) (3) C6H12O6 \uf0be3M\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (D) (4) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (D) (E) (5) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beOt\uf0beo4 \u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (E) (G) (6) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (G) (H) (7) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo ,C\uf0beaO\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (H) (Y) (8) Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O (Y) (X) (9) 2C4H10 + 5O2 \uf0bext\uf0beot\uf0ae 4CH3COOH + 2H2O (F) (E) (10) 2C4H10 + 13O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 8CO2 + 10H2O (F) (X) C\u00e2u 10. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Etilen \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeAxit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Etyl axetat \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeNatri axetat \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae Metan. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) C2H4 + H2O \uf0beA\uf0betxoit\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH Etilen R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic (2) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bel\uf0bee\u00e2n m\uf0been \uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O Axit axetic (3) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0be0 , H\uf0be\uf0be2SO\uf0be\uf0be4\u00ae\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Etyl axetat (4) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH Natri axetat (5) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CH4\u2191. metan C\u00e2u 11. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ( ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) C2H4 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae CH3COONa \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae CH4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ninh B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1) CH2=CH2 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,\uf0beto \uf0ae C2H5OH (2) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (3) CH3COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH3COONa + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 254","(4) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0betoca\uf0beo\uf0ae Na2CO3 + CH4\u2191 C\u00e2u 12. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (C), (H), (U), (Y), (E), (N), (T), (P) trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t (U) \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed. (1) (C) + (H) \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0beC\uf0ae(U) (2) (U) \uf0beC\uf0berack\uf0beinh\uf0be\uf0ae (T) + (P) (3) (T) + (H) \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0beC\uf0ae (P) (4) (P) + (Y) \uf0bea\uf0beskt\uf0ae (E) + (N) (5) (T) + (N) \uf0ae (E) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - U \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cr\u0103cking \uf0de U ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 C4H10 ho\u1eb7c C3H8, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 C4H10 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: (C): C4H8; (H): H2; (U): C4H10; (P): C2H6; (T): C2H4; (Y): Cl2; (E): C2H5Cl; (N): HCl - C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) C4H8 + H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0beC\uf0ae C4H10 (2) C4H10 \uf0beC\uf0berack\uf0beinh\uf0be\uf0ae C2H6 + C2H4 (3) C2H4 + H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0beC\uf0ae C2H6 (4) C2H6 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0beskt\uf0ae C2H5Cl + HCl (5) C2H4 + HCl \uf0ae C2H5Cl C\u00e2u 13. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae etyl axetat (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0bet\uf0be0 , ax\uf0beit\uf0ae nC6H12O6 2. C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\uf0be\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 3. C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begi\uf0bea\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O 4. CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2 S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc , \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 14. Poli(metyl metacrylat) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh h\u1eefu c\u01a1 Plexiglass, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u00ednh \u00f4 t\u00f4. Khi c\u00f3 va \u0111\u1eadp, lo\u1ea1i kinh n\u00e0y v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1ee5n \u00edt s\u1eafc c\u1ea1nh n\u00ean s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia giao th\u00f4ng. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a poli(metyl metacrylat) l\u00e0: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 255","\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf poli(metyl metacrylat), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1ea5t X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa X1 v\u00e0 X2; trong \u0111\u00f3 X1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i CaCO3. X2 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i CaCO3, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i Na. a\/ Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a X, X1, X2 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. b\/ Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) gi\u1eefa X v\u1edbi H2 (Ni, to), HBr, dung d\u1ecbch Br2, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a\/ T\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, suy ra: X l\u00e0 CH2 = C(CH3) \u2013 COO \u2013 CH3 (metyl metacrylat) X1 l\u00e0 CH2 = C(CH3) \u2013 COOH (axit metacrylic) X2 l\u00e0 CH3OH (r\u01b0\u1ee3u metylic) C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CH2 = C(CH3)COOH + CH3OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beOto4\uf0be\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = C(CH3)COOCH3 + H2O 2CH2 = C(CH3)COOH + CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (CH2 = C(CH3)COO)2Ca + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O 2CH2 = C(CH3)COOH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CH2 = C(CH3)COONa + H2 \uf0ad 2CH3OH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CH3ONa + H2 \uf0ad b\/ C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CH2 = C(CH3)COOCH3 + H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei, t\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3 \u2013 CH(CH3)COOCH3 CH2 = C(CH3)COOCH3 + Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CBr(CH3)COOCH3 CH2 = C(CH3)COOCH3 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH2 = C(CH3)COONa + CH3OH C\u00e2u 15. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3, sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e2m \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng. b. Cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u kim lo\u1ea1i natri v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a ancol etylic (d\u01b0). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 256","c. Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m than v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) oxit (d\u01b0) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1eabn kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0. d. Nh\u1ecf 2 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 2M l\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1 n\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y (t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4) g\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n. e. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a a mol Ba(HCO3)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a a mol KHSO4. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u s\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c (\u00e1nh kim) b\u00e1m l\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. C6H12O6 + Ag2O \uf0be\uf0beNtHo\uf0be3 \uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag \uf0af b. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: M\u1ea9u natri ch\u00ecm trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1ea9u natri. 2C2H5OH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5ONa + H2 \uf0ad c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111en sang \u0111\u1ecf, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong trong c\u1ed1c b\u1ecb v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c. 2CuO + C \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae 2Cu + CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O d. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: T\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt H2SO4 khi b\u1ecb h\u01a1 n\u00f3ng gi\u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ee5c, th\u1ee7ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111en, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n do ban \u0111\u1ea7u H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0m xenluloz\u01a1 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n, khi h\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i H2SO4 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p: ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4,to\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u0111 ,\uf0beto \uf0ae 6C + 6H2O ( C6H10O5 ) n \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u0111 ,\uf0beto \uf0ae 6nC + 5nH2O C + 2H2SO4 \u0111 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O e. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t; Ba(HCO3)2 + 2KHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + K2SO4 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad 0,5a a 0,5a 0,5a mol \uf0de Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra n\u1eefa. Ba(HCO3)2 d\u01b0 + K2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2KHCO3 0,5a 0,5a 0,5a a mol C\u00e2u 16. C\u00f3 4 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf A, B, D, E ( \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a C, H, O; MA = MB < MD = ME) trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c sau: -OH; -COOH, -COO- (este), ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a oxi trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t A, B, D, E \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng 53,33%. Cho bi\u1ebft: A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi NaHCO3; B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH ( theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1); khi cho 1 mol D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na (d\u01b0), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 mol H2; khi cho 1 mol E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na (d\u01b0), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,5 mol H2; E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ancol \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c. Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B, D, E. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Do m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111a ch\u1ee9a 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c sau: -OH; -COOH, -COO- n\u00ean A, B, D, E ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi. - G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a 4 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 : CxHyOz ( x, y, z \uf0ce N*) \uf0de %O = 16z = 0, 5333 \uf0de 14z = 12x + y \uf0de x = 1, y = 2, z = 1 ( th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n) 12x + y + 16z \uf0de CT\u0110G l\u00e0 (CH2O)n ( 2 \uf0a3 n \uf0a3 4 ) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 257","+ n = 2 \uf0de C2H4O2 (th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n) + n = 3 \uf0de C3H6O3 (th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n) + n = 4 \uf0de C4H8O4 (lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9a 2 nh\u00f3m -COO- ho\u1eb7c -COOH th\u00ec c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng C4H6O4). - Theo \u0111\u1ec1 MA = MB < MD = ME \uf0de A, B c\u00f3 CTPT: C2H4O2; D, E c\u00f3 CTPT: C3H6O3 \uf0b7 A ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi NaHCO3 \uf0de A ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit, CTCT l\u00e0 CH3COOH CH3COOH + NaHCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 \uf0b7 B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi NaOH theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1 \uf0de B ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c este, CTCT l\u00e0 HCOOCH3 HCOOCH3 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HCOONa + CH3OH \uf0b7 Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn t\u00ecm D 1 mol D ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Na thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 mol H2 \uf0de D ch\u1ee9a 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na \uf0de D l\u00e0: HO-CH2-CH2-COOH ho\u1eb7c HO-CH(CH3)-COOH HO-CH2-CH2-COOH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaO-CH2-CH2-COONa + H2 \uf0ad HO- CH(CH3)-COOH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaO- CH(CH3)-COONa + H2 \uf0ad \uf0b7 Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn t\u00ecm E - 1 mol E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Na thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,5 mol H2 \uf0de E ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 1 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na - E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 ancol \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c \uf0de E ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c \u2013COO\u2013 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u2013OH \u1edf g\u1ed1c axit. => E l\u00e0: HO-CH2-COO-CH3 HO-CH2-COO-CH3 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HO-CH2-COONa + CH3OH 2HO-CH2-COO-CH3 + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaO-CH2-COO-CH3 + H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 17. C\u00f3 4 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2H2, C2H4, C2H4O2, C2H6O \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 X, Y, Z, T. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i natri gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb glucoz\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men; Y, T \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, t0) cho c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo PE; Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z, T. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng H2 v\u00e0 X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb glucoz\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men \uf0de X l\u00e0 C2H6O v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 C2H5OH (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) 2C2H5OH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5ONa + H2\uf0ad C6H12O6 \uf0be3m\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber2\u00ad0\u00eeCu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2\uf0ad Y, T \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, t0) cho c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo PE \uf0de Y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2H4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 CH2=CH2 (etilen) T c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2H2 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 CH\uf0baCH (axetilen) C2H4 + H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0be\uf0ae C2H6 C2H2 + 2H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei, to\uf0be\uf0ae C2H6 nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, p,\uf0beto \uf0ae ( CH2 \uf03d CH2 ) n Z kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \uf0de Z c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2H4O2 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 HCOOCH3 (metyl fomat) HCOOCH3 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae HCOONa + CH3OH CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 258","C\u00e2u 18. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc), ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): A\u2192B\u2192D\u2192E\u2192F\u2192G\u2192B\u2192M\u2192B Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: A, B, D, F, G, M l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1; A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb B v\u00e0 D; dung d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5m \u0103n; E l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh; F l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1o; M l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 xanh mau ch\u00edn. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea5m \u0103n \uf0de D l\u00e0 CH3COOH E l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh \uf0de E l\u00e0 CO2 F l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1o \uf0de F l\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t (C6H10O5 )n M l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 xanh mau ch\u00edn \uf0de M l\u00e0 etilen C2H4 (CH2=CH2) A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb B, D \uf0de A l\u00e0 este CH3COOC2H5 CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (A) (B) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0begi\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (B) (D) CH3COOH + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CO2 + 2H2O (D) (E) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0beC\uf0bea\u00f9lnohro\uf0bespah\u00f9nign\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n + 6nO2 (E) (F) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (F) (G) C6H12O6 \uf0be3m\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber2\u00ad0\u00eeCu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (G) (B) C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc, 1\uf0be700\uf0beC\uf0ae C2H4 + H2O (B) (M) C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae C2H5OH (M) (B) C\u00e2u 19. Cho chu\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (1) (A) \uf0bel\uf0bee\u00e2n \uf0bemen\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\uf0be\u00efu, \uf0beto \uf0ae (B) + CO2 (2) (B) + \u2026.. \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (C) + H2O (3) (C) + (B) \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (D) + H2O (4) (D) + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (B) + \u2026.. (5) (E) + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (A) Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u1ee5 - H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 259","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t. ABC D E C6H12O6 C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 (-C6H10O5-)n (Glucoz\u01a1) (R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) (Axit axetic) (Etyl axetat) (Tinh b\u1ed9t) PTHH: (1) C6H12O6 \uf0bem3\uf0be0e\uf02dn\uf0be3r2\u00f60\u00f4\uf0beC\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2\uf0ad (2) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0begi\u00cam\uf0be, t0 \uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (3) C2H5OH + CH3COOH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 , t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (4) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (5) (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit, \uf0bet0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 C\u00e2u 20. Hi\u0111rocacbon A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H4Cl2. Hi\u0111rocacbon B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H4Cl2. Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Hi\u0111rocacbon A + Cl2 \uf0ae 1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 CTPT C2H4Cl2 \uf0de A: CH2=CH2 PTHH: CH2=CH2 + Cl2 \uf0ae ClCH2\u2013CH2Cl Hi\u0111rocacbon B + Cl2 \uf0ae 2 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng CTPT C2H4Cl2 \uf0de B: CH3\u2013CH3 PTHH: C2H6 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\/s\uf0ae C2H5Cl + HCl CH2Cl\u2013CH2Cl C2H5Cl + Cl2 + HCl CH3\u2013CH(Cl)2 C\u00e2u 21. C\u00f3 2 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed, m\u1ed7i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a 4 ch\u1ea5t sau: SO2, CO2, CH4, C2H4. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: a) Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0. b) Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom d\u01b0. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. \uf0ecSO \uf0ecCHdd Ca(OH)2 d\u00f6 4 TN1 \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0efCCHO224 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0edC HCO2 ; SO2 b\u00f2 gi\u00f6\u00f5 la\u00efi24 \uf0ee\uf0efC2 H 4 - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng - PTHH: SO2 + Ca(OH)2(d\u01b0) \uf0ae CaSO3 \uf0af + H2O CO2 + Ca(OH)2(d\u01b0) \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O b. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 260","\uf0ecSO \uf0ecCOdd Br2 d\u00f6 2 TN2 \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0efCCHO224 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0eeCHSO2 ; C2H4 b\u00f2 gi\u00f6\u00f5 la\u00efi 4 \uf0ee\uf0efC 2 H 4 - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u. - PTHH: SO2 + Br2(d\u01b0) + 2H2O\uf0ae H2SO4 + 2HBr C2H4 + Br2(d\u01b0) \uf0ae C2H4Br2 C\u00e2u 22. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: (Ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeGlucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Ancol etylic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Etilen \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae PE(polietilen) \uf0af (6) Axit axetic (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0bec\uf0beloro\uf0bephin\uf0be, as\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 )n + 6nO2 \uf0ad (2) ( C6H10O5 )n + nH2O \uf0bet\uf0beo , ax\uf0beit\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (3) C6H12O6 \uf0bel\uf0bee\u00e2n m\uf0been\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (4) 2C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u0111\uf0bea\u00ebc, 1\uf0be70o\uf0beC\uf0ae C2H4 + H2O (5) nCH2=CH2 \uf0bep\uf0bet,0xt\uf0be\uf0ae ( CH2 - CH2 )n (6) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O. C\u00e2u 23. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: C6H12O6 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae A \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae CH4 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae (C6H10O5)n Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u01a1n La, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00ad\uf0be\u00eeu,\uf0beto \uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2\uf0ad (2) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begi\uf0be\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (3) 2CH3COOH + 2Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CH3COONa + H2\uf0ad + 6nO2 (4) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be, to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4\uf0ad + Na2CO3 (5) CH4 + 2O2 \uf0be\uf0beto\uf0ae CO2 + 2 H2O (6) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0be\uf0beclo\uf0beroph\uf0bein,\uf0bea\u00f9n\uf0beh sa\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n C\u00e2u 24. Vi\u1ebft PTHH th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng): A1 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae ancol etylic \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Poli etilen (PE) A4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A5 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A6 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Metan Cho bi\u1ebft A1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t polime thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 261","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (\uf02d C6H10O5 \uf02d)n \uf0be\uf028\uf0be1\uf029\uf0aeC6H12O6 \uf0be\uf028\uf0be2\uf029\uf0aeC2H5OH \uf0be\uf028\uf0be3\uf029\uf0aeC2H4 \uf0be\uf028\uf0be4\uf029\uf0ae PE (5 CH3COOH \uf0be\uf028\uf0be6\uf029\uf0aeCH3COO)C2H5 \uf0be\uf028\uf0be7\uf029\uf0aeCH3COONa \uf0be\uf028\uf0be8\uf029\uf0aeCH4 (1) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beH\uf0bet2oO\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0be3\uf0be0M-3e2\uf0beno C\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 \uf0ad (3) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 C2H4 + H2O 170o C (4) nCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beo , p,\uf0bext\uf0ae ( CH2 \uf02d CH2 ) n (5) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (6) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2Sto\uf0beO\uf0be4 \uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (7) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (8) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO\/\uf0beNaO\uf0beH, t\uf0be0\uf0ae CH4 \uf0ad + Na2CO3 C\u00e2u 25. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae (C6H10O5)n \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae C6H12O6 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae CH3COOH (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0beC\uf0beAl\u00d9nohro\uf0bespah\u00f9nign\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n + 6nO2 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng quang h\u1ee3p). (2) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beA\uf0betxoit\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n). (3) C6H12O6 \uf0be3M\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u). (4) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m). C\u00e2u 26. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00e2y (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Saccaroz\u01a1 \uf0be(1\uf0ae) glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be2\uf0ae) r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be(3\uf0ae) axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4\uf0ae) etyl axetat \uf0be(\uf0be5\uf0ae) natri axetat \uf0be(\uf0be6\uf0ae) metan. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: (1) C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,t\uf0beo \uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0bel\uf0bee\u00e2n m\uf0been\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2\u2191 (3) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (4) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 ,t\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (5) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (6) CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r) \uf0bet\uf0beo ,Ca\uf0beO\uf0ae CH4\u2191 + Na2CO3 C\u00e2u 27: Ch\u1ea5t A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C4H6. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be1C: l12\uf0be\uf0ae B \uf0be\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0aeC \uf0bet\uf0be\uf02bo ,HN2\uf0bei\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae170o C, H2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc \u00a0\u00a0 A \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0beC,p\uf0be\uf0aeCaosu CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 262","(\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf Theo \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 A: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 B: CH2Cl-CH=CH-CH2Cl C: CH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH D: CH2OH-CH2- CH2-CH2OH \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + Cl2 \uf0be1\uf0be\uf02d4\uf0ae CH2Cl-CH=CH-CH2Cl CH2Cl-CH=CH-CH2Cl + 2NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH + 2NaCl CH2OH-CH=CH-CH2OH + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,N\uf0bei\uf0ae CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2OH CH2OH-CH2-CH2-CH2OH \uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, \uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2O nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0be,p\uf0ae (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n C\u00e2u 28. C\u00f3 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed A, B, C, D. Kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi H2 l\u00e0 8. Kh\u00ed B t\u1ea1o ra khi nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n KMnO4. Kh\u00ed C tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c \u00e2m, kh\u00ed D tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n. A, B, C, D l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed g\u00ec? Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t. Vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 MA = 8.2 =16 \uf0de A l\u00e0 CH4 Kh\u00ed B, C, D l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 O2, H2, Cl2 C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\u2191 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0bec\uf0beo\u00f9 m\uf0be\u00f1ap\u00f8ndgd\uf0benga\u00ean\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 2H2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2H2O H2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae 2HCl CH4 + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 + 2H2O CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl CH4 + 2Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CH2Cl2 + 2HCl CH4 + 3Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CHCl3 + 3HCl CH4 + 4Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CCl4 + 4HCl C\u00e2u 29. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. b) Cho b\u1ed9t Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3. c) Cho dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3 d\u01b0, \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. d) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed etylen qua dung d\u1ecbch Brom. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lai Ch\u00e2u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra a) Ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, sau 1 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra. HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae NaCl + NaHCO3 HCl + NaHCO3 \uf0ae NaCl + CO2\uf0ad + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 263","b) B\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng tan d\u1ea7n, dung d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang m\u00e0u xanh. Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 c) K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng x\u00e1m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. C6H12O6 + Ag2O \uf0beN\uf0beH3 \uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag\uf0af d) Dung d\u1ecbch brom b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u d\u1ea7n. C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 C\u00e2u 30. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed etilen \u0111i qua dung d\u1ecbch brom. b. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch axit axetic. c. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ag2O\/NH3, \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. d. Cho l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a ancol etylic. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) M\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch brom nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u (n\u1ebfu d\u01b0 etilen) CH2=CH2 + Br2 \uf0ae Br-CH2-CH2-Br (1,2-\u0111ibrometan) (n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf) (kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u) b) C\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i tho\u00e1t ra ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 \uf0ae CH3COONa + CO2\uf0ad + H2O c) Tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 1 l\u1edbp b\u1ea1c kim lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng. CH2OH [ CHOH ]4 CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0beto\uf0ae CH2OH [ CHOH ]4 COONH4 + 2Ag\uf0af + 2NH4NO3 Ho\u1eb7c: C6H12O6 + Ag2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beuNnH\uf0ben3he\uf0be\u00ef\uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag\uf0af d) L\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a protein) C\u00e2u 31. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), trong \u0111\u00f3 A, B, D, E, F, K, G, H l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 4,4 gam h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed oxi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,3 mol CO2 v\u00e0 0,4 mol H2O. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u1edf GD-\u0110T TPHCM, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 264 BTKL: mO2 \uf03d mCO2 \uf02b mH2O \uf02d mA \uf03d 0,3.44 \uf02b 0, 4.18 \uf02d 4, 4 \uf03d 16 (gam) BTNT O: nO\/A \uf03d nO\/CO2 \uf02b nH2O \uf02d nO\/O2 \uf03d 0 (mol) \uf0de Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxi trong A \u0110\u1eb7t CTPT: CxHy (x, y nguy\u00ean, y \uf0a3 2x + 2 , y ch\u1eb5n) Ta c\u00f3: x : y = nC : nH \uf03d 0,3: 0, 4.2 \uf03d 3:8 C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 (C3H8)n (n nguy\u00ean) L\u1ea1i c\u00f3: 8n \uf0a3 6n \uf02b 2 \uf0de n \uf0a31 \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn n \uf03d1 \uf0de CTPT c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0: C3H8 PTHH: C3H8 \uf0bex\uf0bet,p,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae C2H4 + CH4 (A) (B) (D) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0","C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH (B) (E) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begiam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (E) (K) CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl (D) (F) CH3Cl + NaOH \uf0ae CH3OH + NaCl (F) (G) CH3OH + HCOOH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4\u00f1a\uf0be\uf0be\u00ebc,t0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HCOOCH3 + H2O (G) (H) C\u00e2u 32. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen t\u1eeb ancol etylic v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u00e8m c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 CO2 v\u00e0 SO2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c etilen tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C2H4, CO2 v\u00e0 SO2 \u1edf tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trinh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen: C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4\u0111 C2H4 + H2O 1700C - Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen t\u1eeb ancol etylic v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 CO2 v\u00e0 SO2. Do H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m than h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 cao, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ebd oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ancol etylic t\u1ea1o CO2 v\u00e0 SO2 theo PTHH: C2H5OH + 6H2SO4 \u0111 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2CO2 + 6SO2 + 9H2O - N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c etilen tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C2H4, CO2, SO2 Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111i qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0, kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 SO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Kh\u00ed C2H4 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i, ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C2H4. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 + H2O C\u00e2u 33. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: (1) Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m CH3COONa v\u00e0 NaOH\/CaO (2) FeS t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl (3) \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C2H5OH\/H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf 170oC. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b) H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (2). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (2) FeS + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S (3) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) C2H4 + H2O 1700 C - Kh\u00ed g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: H2S (TN2). - Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: V\u00ec H2S l\u00e0 kh\u00ed m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 265","b) Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (2). - Kh\u00ed H2S \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn kh\u00ed n\u00e0y qua dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m d\u01a3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed H2S. 2NaOH + H2S \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2S + 2H2O C\u00e2u 34. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0be\uf0ae Z \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae T \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae M \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Z \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae V \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CH2Br men Bi\u1ebft Z, T, V l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X: (-C6H10O5-)n; Y: C6H12O6; Z: C2H5OH; T: CH3- COOH; M: CH3COOC2H5; V: CH2 = CH2. (1) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0bet\uf0be0, a\/\uf0bes, clo\uf0beroph\uf0bein\uf0ae (-C6H10O5-)n + 6nO2 (2) (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (3) C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0ber\u00ad\u00eeu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (4) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo, m\uf0been g\uf0bei\u00cam\uf0ae CH3 \u2013 COOH + H2O (5) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \u00ae\uf0be\u00c6\uf0bec, t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (6) CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH (7) C2H5OH \uf0be1\uf0be70O\uf0beC, H\uf0be2SO4\uf0be\u00ae\u00c6c\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH2 + H2O (8) CH2 = CH2 + Br2 \u2192 CH2Br \u2013 CH2Br C\u00e2u 35. Axit acrylic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H4O2. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a axit acrylic l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1edbi H2, dung d\u1ecbch Br2, Na, NaOH, Na2CO3 v\u00e0 C2H5OH (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Axit acrylic l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H4O2 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH PTHH: CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0, N\uf0bei\uf0ae CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 COOH CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Br2 \uf0ae BrCH2 \u2013 CHBr \u2013 COOH 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + 2Na \uf0ae 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COONa + H2 CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 COONa + H2O 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Na2CO3 \uf0ae 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COONa + CO2 + H2O CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \u00ae\uf0be\u00c6\uf0bec, t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 36. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Etilen \uf0ae R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0ae Axit axetic \uf0ae Etyl axetat \uf0ae Natri axetat. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u2013 V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C2H4 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, a\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\uf0be\u00e1m\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo , H\uf0be\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 266","C\u00e2u 37. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch saccaroz\u01a1, \u0111ung n\u00f3ng 2-3 ph\u00fat. Sau \u0111\u00f3 trung h\u00f2a axit b\u1eb1ng NaOH. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3, \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u2013 V\u0169ng T\u00e0u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch saccaroz\u01a1, \u0111ung n\u00f3ng 2-3 ph\u00fat quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Sau \u0111\u00f3 trung h\u00f2a axit b\u1eb1ng NaOH. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3, \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c b\u00e1m v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo , a\uf0bexit\uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 glucoz\u01a1 fructoz\u01a1 H2SO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O HOCH2[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae HOCH2[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3. Ho\u1eb7c : C6H12O6 + Ag2O \uf0beN\uf0beH3\uf0be,to \uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag C\u00e2u 38. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic. b) M\u1ed9t \u00edt thu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea5m \u0103n. c) Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u0103ng, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean. d) Cho 1 \u00edt saccaroz\u01a1 v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 2 mL H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o e) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Butan trong kh\u00ed O2 r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua CuSO4 khan v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0de Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic tan trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. b) M\u1ed9t \u00edt thu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea5m \u0103n. \uf0de Thu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 NaHCO3, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c mu\u1ed1i tan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u sinh ra. NaHCO3 + CH3COOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O c) Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u0103ng, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean. \uf0de Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec d\u1ea7u \u0103n tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong x\u0103ng. d) Cho 1 \u00edt saccaroz\u01a1 v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 2 mL H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. \uf0de Saccaroz\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eadm r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111en do t\u00ednh h\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c C12H22O11 \uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO4\u0111\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc \uf0ae 12C (\u0111en) + 11H2O sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed s\u1ee7i l\u00ean do t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. C + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O e) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n butan trong kh\u00ed O2 r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua CuSO4 khan v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 267","C4H10 \uf0be+\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0eeCHO2O2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCu\uf0beSO4\uf0be\uf0ae CO2 \uf0bed\uf0bed B\uf0bea(O\uf0beH)2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0af BaCO3 Butan ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u xanh, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng (nh\u01b0 b\u1ebfp gas): 2C4H10 + 13O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 8CO2 + 10H2O D\u1eabn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua CuSO4 (khan) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf02d CuSO4 khan m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u xanh: CuSO4 + nH2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4.nH2O \uf02d Dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed CO2 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O C\u00e2u 39. a) Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: X1 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae X2 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae X3 \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae X4 \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae X5 \uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0ae X6 \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae X4 Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng X1 \u0111\u1ebfn X6 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3: - X1 l\u00e0 tinh b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c xenluloz\u01a1. - X5 l\u00e0 etyl axetat. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X2, X3, X4, X6. b) Cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau: nh\u00f4m cacbua, etilen, tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c (C17H33COO)3C3H5. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) X2 X3 X4 X1 X6 C6H12O6 C2H5OH CH3COOH (C6H10O5)n CH3COONa b) Al4C3 + 12H2O \uf0ae 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit, \uf0bet0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,t\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3C17H33COOH + C3H5(OH)3 C\u00e2u 40. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m: CH4, C2H4, CH3COOH, C2H5OH l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: CaCO3, KOH, kh\u00ed Cl2. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tr\u00e0 Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i b. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 1. CH4 + Cl2 \uf0be1\uf0be:1,\uf0bea\u00f9nh\uf0besa\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl 2. CH2 = CH2 + Cl2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, t\uf0beo c\uf0beao\uf0ae CH2 = CHCl + HCl 3. 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O 4. CH3COOH + KOH \uf0ae CH3COOK + H2O Ri\u00eang C2H5OH kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 268","C\u00e2u 41. H\u00e3y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tr\u00e0 Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 1. ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0be, to\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 2. C6H12O6 \uf0bem3\uf0be0e-n3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 3. CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O 4. BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O 5. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + 2NaCl 6. C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begi\u00ca\uf0bem\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O 7. 2CH3COOH + Ba \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Ba + H2 8. (CH3COO)2Ba + (NH4)2SO4 \uf0ae 2CH3COONH4 + BaSO4. C\u00e2u 42. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) Glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae R\u01b0\u1ee3u etilic \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Etyl axetat \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Kali axetat (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) C6H12O6 \uf0bem3\uf0be0e-n3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (2) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (3) CH3COOH + C2H5OH H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) CH3COOC2H5 + H2O t0 (4) CH3COOC2H5 + KOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3COOK + C2H5OH C\u00e2u 43. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 axit axetic. H\u1ecfi: a) Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u2013 OH; nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH? b) Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi: K; Zn; NaOH; K2CO3? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u2013OH l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic (C2H5OH); Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u2013COOH l\u00e0 axit axetic (CH3COOH). b) \u2022 Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi K l\u00e0: C2H5OH, CH3COOH. PTHH: 2C2H5OH + 2K \uf0ae 2C2H5OK + H2 2CH3COOH + 2K \uf0ae 2CH3COOK + H2 \u2022 Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Zn: CH3COOH. PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Zn \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Zn + H2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 269","\u2022 Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi NaOH: CH3COOH, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. PTHH: CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 \u2022 Ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi K2CO3: CH3COOH. PTHH: 2CH3COOH + K2CO3 \uf0ae 2CH3COOK + H2O + CO2 C\u00e2u 44. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae axit axetic (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Long, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (5) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0bec\uf0beloro\uf0bephin\uf0be, a\u00f9nh\uf0besa\u00f9n\uf0beg\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n + 6nO2 (6) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beH\uf0be\uf02b \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (7) C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (8) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O C\u00e2u 45. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) Cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111un nh\u1eb9. b) Cho Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. c) Cho Zn v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit axetic. d) Cho m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o \u0111un n\u00f3ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Long,, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: M\u00e0u tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u00e2u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed1i x\u1ed1p m\u00e0u \u0111en b\u1ecb b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed1c. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t. - PTHH: C12H22O11 \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u00f1a\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0ae 12C + 11H2O C + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O b) - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Natri tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u xanh v\u00e0 m\u00e0u xanh c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n. - PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2\uf0af + Na2SO4 c) - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Zn tan d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed - PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Zn \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Zn + H2 d) - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Cho m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 th\u1ea5y d\u1ea7u \u0103n kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp. Sau khi cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o \u0111un n\u00f3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng - PTHH: (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 C\u00e2u 46. Hi\u0111rocacbon M l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi metan b\u1eb1ng 3,625. M tham gia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: M + O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0be\uf0ae N + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 270","M \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae P + Q N + NaOH (\u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0) \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to \uf0ae P + \u2026 + \u2026 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh M, N, P v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon M l\u00e0 CxHy (x, y \uf0ce N* ) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: dM\/CH4 \uf03d MM \uf03d 3, 625 \uf0de MM \uf03d 58 \uf0de 12x + y =58 (gam) 16 Hi\u0111rocacbon M l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sau: x1 2 3 4 y 46 34 22 10 Lo\u1ea1i Lo\u1ea1i Lo\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadn V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a M l\u00e0 C4H10. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n chu\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec N l\u00e0 CH3COOH, P l\u00e0 CH4, Q l\u00e0 C3H6. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2C4H10 + 5O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0be\uf0ae 4CH3COOH + 2H2O C4H10 \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + C3H6 CH3COOH + 2NaOH (\u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0) \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be, to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 + H2O C\u00e2u 47. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho glucoz\u01a1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng NH3. b) Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n saccaroz\u01a1. c) \u0110\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed etan v\u00e0 clo ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. d) Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o trong dung d\u1ecbch axit v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ninh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) C6H12O6 + Ag2O \uf0beN\uf0betHo3\uf0be\uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 b) C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0betxoit\uf0be\uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Saccaroz\u01a1 glucoz\u01a1 fructoz\u01a1 c) C2H6 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae C2H5Cl + HCl d) (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0be,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3 (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3 C\u00e2u 48. Axit acrylic (CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng etilen v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng axit axetic. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi cho axit acrylic l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi: dung d\u1ecbch brom, Ba(HCO3)2, C2H4(OH)2 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, to). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ninh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2. CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CHBr \u2013 COOH CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 271","2CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (CH2 = CH \u2013 COO)2Ba + 2CO2 + 2H2O CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + C2H4(OH)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00ae\uf0be\u00c6c\uf0be,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 COOC2H4OH + H2O Ho\u1eb7c 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + C2H4(OH)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00ae\uf0be\u00c6c\uf0be,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae (CH2 = CHCOO)2C2H4 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 49. Cho chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u00f1(a1\uf0be\u00eb)c, 1\uf0be700 C\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae ( C 6 H10O5 )n \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae C 6 H12O6 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae C 2 H5OH Y \uf0ac\uf0be(8)\uf0be CH3 \uf02d COONa \uf0ac\uf0be(7)\uf0be CH3 \uf02d COOH a\/ Bi\u1ebft X v\u00e0 Y l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean, m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) b\/ Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, CO2. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a\/ C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b H2O 1700 C CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO2 \uf02b 2H2O 6nCO2 \uf02b 5nH2O \uf0bea\uf0be\/s, c\uf0behat\u00e1t0\uf0bedie\u00e4p\uf0belu\u00efc\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 )n \uf02b 5nO2 ( C6H10O5 )n \uf02b nH2O \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 H2SO4 C6H12O6 \uf0be3M\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3 \uf02d COOH \uf02b NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3 \uf02d COONa \uf02b H2O CH3 \uf02d COONa \uf02b NaOH \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf02b Na 2CO3 CaO b\/ Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t CH2=CH2 , CH4, CO2 + \u0110\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c l\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft + D\u1eabn 3 kh\u00ed \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 - Kh\u00ed n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng (CaCO3) \uf0de kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 CO2. CO2 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf02b H2O - Hai kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec l\u00e0: C2H4 v\u00e0 CH4. Cho hai kh\u00ed n\u00e0y qua dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom o Kh\u00ed n\u00e0o l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch Br2 (m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u khi d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 kh\u00ed) \uf0de kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 C2H4. CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2Br \uf02d CH2Br o Kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \uf0de kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 CH4 C\u00e2u 50. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn: H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a etilen v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi cho A a. t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i Na. b. t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom. c. t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit axetic. d. tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 272","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. 2H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH + 2Na \u2192 2H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 ONa + H2. b. H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH + Br2 \u2192 BrH2C\u2013 CHBr \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH. c. H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH + CH3COOH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beOt\uf0be04\u00f1a\uf0be\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OOCCH3 + H2O. d. H2C=CH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH + 4O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3CO2 + 3H2O. C\u00e2u 51. Cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: natri axetat, saccaroz\u01a1, xenluloz\u01a1, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung l\u00e0 (RCOO)3C3H5) r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u00f3ng. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H2SO4 l\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: H2SO4 + 2CH3COONa \uf0ae 2CH3COOH + Na2SO4 C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit, \uf0beto \uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit, \uf0beto \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O axit, to 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3 C\u00e2u 52. Cho d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae A1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae A2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae A3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae PE \uf0af (5) A4 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae A5 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae A4 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae etyl axetat X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Kon Tum, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A1: C6H12O6; A2: C2H5OH; A3: C2H4; A4: CH3COOH; A5: CH3COONa (- C6H10O5 -)n + nH2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeaxit nC6H12O6 (1) t0 C6H12O6 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeMen r\u00ad\u00eeu 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (2) 30\uf02d320 C (3) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 \u0111\u00c6c CH2=CH2 + H2O 1700 C nCH2 = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betp,t0\uf0be\uf0ae (- CH2-CH2 -)n (4) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been g\uf0bei\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (5) 2CH3COOH + 2Na \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + H2 (6) 2CH3COONa + H2SO4 \uf0ae 2CH3COOH + Na2SO4 (7) CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be\uf0be4\u0111\u00c6c\uf0be,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (8) C\u00e2u 53. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u2013 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sau: (CH3COO)2Ba \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3Cl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3OH (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean C\u00e0 Mau, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 273","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1\/ C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: (CH3COO)2Ba + Na2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4\u2193 + 2CH3COONa CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0be\uf0ae CH4\u2191 + Na2CO3 CaO CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh \uf0besa\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl CH3Cl + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3OH + NaCl C\u00e2u 54. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau : Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Etanol \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Canxi axetat. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1eafc N\u00f4ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O \uf0beH\uf0be\uf02b , \uf0bet0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0bem3\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber2\u00f60\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 \uf0ad (3) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (4) 2CH3COOH + Ca(OH)2 \u2192 (CH3COO)2Ca + 2H2O C\u00e2u 55. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3; m\u1ed7i k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u A1, A2\u2026l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00e1c nhau): A1 (1) A2 (2) A3 (3) polietilen (8) (4) Cao su buna A5 (7) A4 (5) A6 (6) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1ebfn Tre, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) 2CH4 \uf0bel\uf0bea\u00f8m1l\uf0be5a0\u00efn0hC\uf0ben0han\uf0beh\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 (2) C2H2 + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/Pb\uf0beCO\uf0be3,t0 \uf0ae C2H4 (3) nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betp,t0\uf0be\uf0ae ( CH2 \uf02d CH2 ) n (4) 2C2H2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeNH4Cl\/ CuCl, t0 CH2=CH\u2013C\u2261CH p (5) CH2=CH\u2013C\u2261CH + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/Pb\uf0beCO\uf0be3,t0 \uf0ae CH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 (6) nCH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betp,t0\uf0be\uf0ae (CH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 ) n (7) CH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 + 2H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3\u2013CH2\u2013CH2\u2013CH3 (8) CH3\u2013CH2\u2013CH2\u2013CH3 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + CH3\u2013CH=CH2 C\u00e2u 56. Propan l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 metan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H8 a. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a propan. b. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y propan. c. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a propan v\u1edbi clo (c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1:1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1eadu Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 274","a. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a propan: CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH3 b. C3H8 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3CO2 + 4H2O c. C\u00e2u 57. T\u00fai PE (polietilen) hay t\u00fai nilon, t\u00fai nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng c\u1ef1c k\u00ec quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i t\u00fai n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y n\u00ean ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sinh v\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf PE t\u1eeb xenluloz\u01a1 theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Xenluloz\u01a1 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae etilen \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae PE Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,t\uf0be0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (3) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 CH2=CH2 + H2O 1700 C (4) nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betp, t0\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CH2-)n C\u00e2u 58. Ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C6H6 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom kh\u00f4ng? L\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i T\u00f9y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom (\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: (benzen): kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom. CH C CH2 CH2 C CH: l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CH\uf0baC\u2013(CH2)2\u2013C\uf0baCH + 4Br2 (d\u01b0) \uf0ae CHBr2\u2013CBr2\u2013(CH2)2\u2013CBr2\u2013CHBr2 C\u00e2u 59. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: \u0110\u01b0a b\u00ecnh k\u00edn \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 1:1 ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed axetilen t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch brom m\u00e0u da cam. \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho 12 gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a 3 ml benzen, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cl2 v\u00e0 H2 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c. Khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00ec m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a clo nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u. Khi cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 275","l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4). Khi cho gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch th\u00ec qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf (do HCl tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh axit clohidric). CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH3Cl kh\u00ed + HCl kh\u00ed tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc CH3Cl + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH2Cl 2 + HCl CH2Cl2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CHCl 3 + HCl CHCl 3 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CCl4 + HCl \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: M\u00e0u da cam c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch brom nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u. C2H2 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br2 C2H2Br2 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 \u2013Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: D\u1ea7u \u0103n tan trong benzen th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 60. Cho X, Y, Z, T l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) M\u1ed9t mol X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mol Br2 trong dung d\u1ecbch. b) M\u1ed9t mol Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mol HBr t\u1ea1o ra hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1eefu c\u01a1. c) M\u1ed9t mol Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi hai mol AgNO3 trong dung d\u1ecbch NH3. d) M\u1ed9t mol T t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t mol AgNO3 trong dung d\u1ecbch NH3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u2013 \u0110ak L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecdn X: CH2=CH2; Y: CH3\u2013CH=CH2; Z: CH\uf0baCH; T: CH\uf0baC\u2013CH3 CH2=CH2 + Br2 \uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CH2Br CH3\u2013CH=CH2 + HBr \uf0ae \uf0eb\uf0ea\uf0ea\uf0e9CCHH33 \uf02d CHBr \uf02d CH3 (spc) \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2Br (spp) CH\uf0baCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 \uf0ae AgC\uf0baCAg \uf0af + 2NH4NO3 CH\uf0baC\u2013CH3 + AgNO3 + NH3 \uf0ae AgC\uf0baC\u2013CH3 \uf0af + NH4NO3 C\u00e2u 61. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i C=C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc brom (Br2) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon c\u1ee7a n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed brom. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C5H10Br2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng brom nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110HQG \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C5H10Br2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed9ng Br2 v\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C \uf0ae 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Br ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn v\u00e0o 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1. V\u1eady C5H10Br2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o anken c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C5H10 C5H10 c\u00f3 5 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o anken t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch cacbon nh\u01b0 sau: (1) C C C C C ; (4) C C C C (2) C C C C C C (3) C C C C ; (5) C C C C C C (C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o 2 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n cis\/trans) V\u1eady CTCT c\u1ee7a C5H10Br2 th\u00f5a m\u00e3n l\u00e0: (2) CH3 \u2013 CHBr \u2013 CHBr \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH3 (1) CH2Br \u2013 CHBr \u2013 CH2- CH2 \u2013 CH3 (4) CH3 \u2013 CHBr \u2013 CBr(CH3) \u2013 CH3 (3) CH2Br \u2013 CHBr \u2013 CH(CH3) \u2013 CH3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 276","(5) CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CBr(CH3) \u2013 CH2Br (Nh\u00f3m -CH3 trong ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u00e1nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon k\u1ec1 b\u00ean tr\u00e1i) C\u00e2u 62. 1. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: C4H10 + Cl2 C4H9Cl + HCl Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn. 2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau ( m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn): Canxi cacbua Axetilen Benzen Xiclohexan (2) (4) Vinyl axetilen Brombenzen 3. M\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed Ga c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 6 hi\u0111rocacbon A, B, C, D, E, F \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C4H8. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon tr\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m G bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: A, B, C, D ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom; E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm c\u00f2n F kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom. Khi cho A, B, C l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m G. B c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n C. (Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft PTHH) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 B\u1ea3ng A, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl-Cl CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl + HCl CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl-Cl CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 + HCl Cl CH3-CH-CH3 + Cl-Cl CH3-CH-CH2-Cl + HCl CH3 CH3 Cl CH3-CH-CH3 + Cl-Cl CH3-C -CH3 + HCl CH3 CH3 2. 1. CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + CH CH 2. 2CH CH CH2=CH-C CH 3. 3CH CH C6H6 4. C6H6 + Br2 C6H5-Br + HBr 5. C6H6 + 3H2 C6H12 3. A, B, C, D ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom A, B, C, D l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf ch\u1ee9a 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i; E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom E l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng no 3 c\u1ea1nh: CH \u2013 CH3 CH2 - CH2 F l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00f2ng no 4 c\u1ea1nh: F kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom CH2 \u2013 CH2 CH2 \u2013 CH2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 277","A, B, C ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi H2 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m G A, B, C c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ch cacbon D l\u00e0 CH2= C-CH3 B l\u00e0 CH3 CH3 CH3 B c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i cao h\u01a1n C C =C HH V\u00e0 C l\u00e0 CH3 H C =C H CH3 A l\u00e0 CH2= CH-CH2-CH3 v\u00e0 G l\u00e0 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 C\u00e2u 63. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau (ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): X1(C2H6O) \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae X3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae X4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae X5 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae X6 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae X1 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0begi\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (X1) (X2) (2) CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O (X3) (3) CH3COONa (r) + NaOH (r) \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,t0\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (X4) (4) 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be5000\uf0be\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 LLN (X5) (5) C2H2 + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/Ptb\uf0beoCO\uf0be3 \uf0ae C2H4 (X6) (6) C2H4 + H2O \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 lo\uf0be\u00b7ng,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae C2H5OH C\u00e2u 64. Axit CH3 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 COOH v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 axit axetic, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 etilen. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa axit tr\u00ean v\u1edbi: K, KOH, K2CO3, C2H5OH (c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng) v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc brom \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2CH3CH=CHCOOH + 2K \u2192 2CH3CH=CHCOOK + H2 CH3CH=CHCOOH + KOH \u2192 CH3CH=CHCOOK + H2O 2CH3CH=CHCOOH + K2CO3 \u2192 2CH3CH=CHCOOK + H2O +CO2 CH3CH=CHCOOH +C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\u0111\uf0be,t0 \uf0ae CH3CH=CHCOOC2H5+ H2O CH3CH=CHCOOH + Br2 \u2192 2CH3CHBr-CHBrCOOH C\u00e2u 65. Axit CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 axit axetic, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 etilen. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa axit tr\u00ean v\u1edbi: Na, Ca(OH)2, C2H5OH (c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng), v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Br2 \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 278","(\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Na \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 COONa + 1 H2 2 2CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (CH2 = CH \u2013 COO)2Ca + 2H2O CH2 = CH - COOH + C2H5OH H2SO4 \u00ae\u00c6c, t0 CH2 = CH - COOC2H5 + H2O CH2 = CH \u2013 COOH + Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CHBr \u2013 COOH C\u00e2u 66. M\u1ed9t axit A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CxHyO2. Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 cacbon chi\u1ebfm 40% v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a A l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Cu(OH)2, ZnO, MgCO3, CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a A: CxHyO2 (2 \uf0a3 y \uf0a3 2x (1); x,y nguy\u00ean, d\u01b0\u01a1ng) V\u00ec cacbon chi\u1ebfm 40% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean \uf0de MA \uf03d 100 \uf0d712x \uf03d 30x (g \/ mol) 40 Ta c\u00f3: 12x + y + 32 = 30x \uf0de y = 18x \u2013 32 (2) T\u1eeb (1) v\u00e0 (2) \uf0ae 2 \uf0a3 18x \u2013 32 \uf0a3 2x \uf0ae1,9 \uf0a3 x \uf0a3 2 \uf0ae x = 2 \uf0ae y = 4 . V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit: C2H4O2 \uf0ae CTCT: CH3 \u2013COOH C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2CH3COOH + Cu(OH)2 \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Cu + 2H2O 2CH3COOH + ZnO \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Zn + H2O 2CH3COOH + MgCO3 \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad CH3COOH + CH3\u2013 CH(OH)\u2013 COOH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0be,\uf0bet0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COO\u2013 CH \u2013 COOH + H2O CH3 C\u00e2u 67. Bi\u1ebft axit lactic c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: CH3-CH(OH)-COOH. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho axit lactic l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: a) Na d\u01b0. b) C2H5OH (H2SO4\u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9). c) Dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2. d) Dung d\u1ecbch KHCO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: a) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH + 2Na \uf0ae CH3-CH(ONa)-COONa + H2\u2191 b) CH3CH(OH)COOH + C2H5OH H2SO4 \u00ae\u00c6c CH3CH(OH)COOC2H5 + H2O toC c) 2CH3-CH(OH)-COOH + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae (CH3-CH(OH)-COO)2Ba + 2H2O d) CH3-CH(OH)-COOH + KHCO3 \uf0ae CH3-CH(OH)-COOK + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 68. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau. Ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Tinh B\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae R\u01b0\u1ee3u Etylic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Axit Axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Etyl axetat (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 279","(1) (\u2013C6H10O5 \u2013)n + nH2O \uf0beA\uf0betx0it\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0be3M\uf0be0e\uf02dn3r\uf0be2u0oCu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (3) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0beeng\uf0bei\uf0beam\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (4) CH3COOH+ C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2St\uf0be0O\uf0be4d\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 69. Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): B \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae C \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae Cao su buna (2) CaC2 ( 1 ) A (5) Bi\u1ebft F l\u00e0 CH3COONa. D \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae R\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0be\uf0be(7)\uf0ae E \uf0be\uf0be(8)\uf0ae F \uf0be\uf0be(9)\uf0ae G \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0ae CH3Cl (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2018 - 2019) 1. A l\u00e0 C2H2; B l\u00e0 H2C = CH \u2013 C \u2261 CH; C l\u00e0 H2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 D l\u00e0 CH2=CH2; E l\u00e0 CH3COOH; F l\u00e0 CH3COONa; G l\u00e0 CH4 (1) CaC2 + 2H2O\u2192 C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 (2) 2HC \u2261 CH \uf0beC\uf0beuCl\uf0be\/NH\uf0be4Cl\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 C \u2261 CH (3) H2C = CH \u2013CH \u2261 CH + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed,t0\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 (4) nH2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be, p\uf0ae (- CH2 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2 -)n (5) HC \u2261 CH + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH2 (6) C2H4 + H2O \uf0beH\uf0be\uf02b ,t\uf0be0 \uf0ae C2H5OH (7) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0beeng\uf0beiam,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (8) CH3COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH3COONa + H2O (9) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (10) CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl C\u00e2u 70. Cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: X + 2NaOH \u2192 2Y + H2O; Y + HCl \u2192 Z + NaCl; Z + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 ,t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HO-CH2-COOC2H5 + H2O. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Z: HO-CH2-COOH; Y: HO-CH2-COONa; X: HO-CH2-COOCH2-COOH. PTHH: HO-CH2-COO-CH2-COOH + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2HO-CH2-COONa + H2O HO-CH2-COONa + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HO-CH2-COOH + NaCl HO-CH2-COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 ,t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HO-CH2-COOC2H5 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 280","C\u00e2u 71. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): A (kh\u00dd) 1500oC B C (4) D E (6) CH3COOC2H5 (3) (5) NaOH r\u00ben L\u00b5m l\u00b9nh nhanh CaO, toC CH3COONa (1) X (r\u00ben) Y (kh\u00dd) KOH (1:1) (7) Z (8) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) CH3COONa \uf02b NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0beto C\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf02b Na2CO3 2CH4 \uf0be\uf0be1\uf0be500o\uf0beC \uf0be\uf0ae C2 H 2 \uf02b 3H2 L\u00afm l\u00b9nh nhanh C2H2 \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed,P\uf0bebCO\uf0be3 ,to\uf0beC\uf0ae C2H4 C2H4 \uf02b H2O \uf0beH\uf0be\uf02b ,t\uf0beo C\uf0ae C2H5OH C2H5OH \uf02b O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begi\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf02b H2O CH3COOH \uf02b C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \u00ae\uf0be\uf0be\u00c6c,to\uf0be\uf0beC\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 \uf02b H2O Na2CO3 \uf02b 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl \uf02b H2O \uf02b CO2 CO2 \uf02b KOH \uf0ae KHCO3 C\u00e2u 72. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng): Saccaroz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae X1 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae X2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0be\uf0ae X3 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae (7) Polietilen (PE) Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng X1, X2, X3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0bet40lo\uf0bea\u00f5ng\uf0be\uf0ae C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucoz\u01a1 (X1) Fructoz\u01a1 (2) C6H12O6 + 6O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 6CO2 + 6H2O (3) 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0beC\uf0beAl\u00d9nohro\uf0bespah\u00f9nign\uf0be\uf0ae (-C6H10O5-)n + 6nO2 Tinh b\u1ed9t (4) (-C6H10O5-)n + nH2O \uf0beA\uf0betx0it\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (X1) (5) C6H12O6 \uf0beM\uf0be30e-n3\uf0be2r\u00f60\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (X2) (6) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc C2H4 + H2O 1700 C (7) C2H4 + H2O \uf0beA\uf0bexit\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH (8) nCH2 CH2 \uf0bext,\uf0bet0,\uf0bep\uf0ae CH2 CH2 n Polietilen C\u00e2u 73. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A, B, C, D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (\u1edf d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 281","(\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 (C\uf0beaO)\uf0ae Na2CO3 + CH4 \uf0ad 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500o\uf0beC\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 LLN CH\u2261CH + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/Pt\uf0beb0CO\uf0be3\uf0ae CH2=CH2 nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bett0,P\uf0be\uf0ae \u2013CH2\u2013CH2 \u2013n CH\u2261CH + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH2=CHCl nCH2=CHCl \uf0bex\uf0bett0,P\uf0be\uf0ae \u2013CH2\u2013CHCl \u2013n 2CH\u2261CH \uf0beN\uf0beh\u00f2 h\uf0be\u00f4\u00efp\uf0ae CH\u2261C \u2013CH=CH2 CH\u2261C\u2013CH=CH2 + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/Pt\uf0beb0CO\uf0be3\uf0ae CH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 nCH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bett0,P\uf0be\uf0ae \u2013CH2\u2013CH=CH\u2013CH2\u2013 n C\u00e2u 74. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CH4, C2H4, C2H2, CH3COOH, C2H5OH. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean (g\u1ed3m 04 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng). Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh ho\u1ea1 theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf D\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e0 CH4 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeCH \uf0ba CH \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeCH3CH2OH \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeCH3COOH \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2CH4 \u00a0\u00a0\uf02b 3H2 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C,l\uf0bea\u00f8m l\uf0bea\u00efnh\uf0benhan\uf0beh\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b 3H2 (1) CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/\uf0bePbC\uf0beO\uf0be3,t\uf0beo \uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH2 (2) CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo , H\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \uf0ae CH3CH2OH (3) CH3CH2OH \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf02b H2O (4) C\u00e2u 75. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. b) Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nhau? L\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CH3COOH \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa \uf02b H2O CH3COOC2H5 \u00a0\uf02b NaOH \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa \uf02b C2H5OH (C17H35COO)3 C3H5 \uf02b 3NaOH \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3C17H35COONa \uf02b C3H5(OH)3 b) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 282","C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 CH3CH2OH \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf02b H2O CH3COOH \uf02b C2H5OH \u00a0\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo , H\uf0be\uf0be2SO\uf0be\uf0be4 \u00f1a\uf0be\u00eb\uf0bec\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 \uf02b H2O CH3COOC2H5 \uf02b H2O \u00a0\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo,\uf0be\uf0beH2\uf0beS\uf0beO4\uf0be\uf0be\u00f1a\uf0be\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf02b CH3COOH\u00a0 C\u00e2u 76. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau v\u00e0 ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeMagie axetat \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeNatri axetat \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeMe tan (8) (4) R\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu etylic \uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be7) \uf0be\uf0be Cloe tan \uf0ac\uf0be(6\uf0be) \uf0be Etilen \uf0ac\uf0be(5\uf0be) \uf0be Axetilen (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2CH3COOH + Mg \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Mg + H2 (1) (CH3COO)2Mg + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + Mg(OH)2 (2) CH3COONa \uf02b NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to \uf0ae CH4 \uf02b Na2CO3 (3) 2CH4 \u00a0\uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C,l\uf0bea\u00f8m l\uf0bea\u00efnh\uf0benhan\uf0beh\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b 3H2 (4) CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/\uf0bePbC\uf0beO\uf0be3,t\uf0beo \uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH2 (5) CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b HCl \uf0ae CH3 \uf02d CH2Cl (6) CH3CH2Cl \uf02b NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0aeCH3CH2OH \uf02b NaCl (7) CH3CH2OH \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf02b H2O (8) C\u00e2u 77. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a C, H, O th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n: X + 6O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 6CO2 + 6H2O X \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae 2Y + 2CO2 Y + Z \uf0ae T + H2O T + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 4CO2 + 4H2O X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \uf0de X c\u00f3 6C, 12H, 6O. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 C6H12O6 - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0: YZ T C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C6H12O6 \uf02b 6O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \u00a06CO2 \uf02b 6H2O X CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 283","C6H12O6 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2 C2H5OH \uf02b 2CO2 \uf0ad XY C2H5OH \uf02b CH3COOH \u00a0\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo , H\uf0be\uf0be2SO\uf0be\uf0be4 \u00f1a\uf0be\u00eb\uf0bec\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 \uf02b H2O YZ T CH3COOC2H5 \uf02b 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \u00a04CO2 \uf02b 4H2O T C\u00e2u 78. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): CO2 \uf0be\uf0be(1) \uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0be\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0be\uf0ae Z \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0be\uf0ae T (5) CH2Br \uf02d CH2Br \uf0ac\uf0be(8)\uf0be\uf0be V \uf0ac\uf0be(7)\uf0be Z \uf0ac\uf0be(6\uf0be) \uf0be M Bi\u1ebft Z, T, V l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean B\u00e0 R\u1ecba \u2013 V\u0169ng T\u1ea7u \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 X YZ T MV (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 C2H5OH CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 C2H4 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 6nCO2 \uf02b 5nH2O \uf0be\uf0bea\uf0bes \uf0be\uf0ae (C6H10O5 )n \uf02b 6nO2 \uf0ad (1) clorofin X (C6H10O5 )n \uf02b nH2O\u00a0\uf0bea\uf0bexit \uf0ae n C6H12O6 XY C6H12O6 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2 C2H5OH \uf02b 2CO2 \uf0ad (3) YZ CH3CH2OH \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf02b H2O (4) ZT CH3COOH \uf02b CH3CH2OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beOt\uf0beo4 \u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOCH2CH3 \uf02b H2O (5) TM CH3COOCH2CH3 \uf02b NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \u00a0CH3COONa \uf02b CH3CH2OH (6) MZ CH3CH2OH\u00a0\uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, H\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b H2O\u00a0 (7) ZV CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf02b Br2 \uf0ae CH2Br \uf02d CH2Br (8) V CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 284","C\u00e2u 79: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): E \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae PE (3) A \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae B \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae D (5) G \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae H \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae Y \uf0be(\uf0be9)\uf0ae Z \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0be\uf0ae PVC Cho bi\u1ebft: G l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, v\u1ecb chua, tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Dung d\u1ecbch G (t\u1eeb 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 5%) c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. A, B l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2007 - 2008) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 A B DE G (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 C2H5OH C2H4 CH3COOH H X Y Z PVC CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl (-CH2-CHCl-)n \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (1) C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\uf0be\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (2) C2H5OH \uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, \uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2=CH2 + H2O (3) nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be,p\uf0ae (-CH2-CH2-)n (4) 2C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1\uf0bem\uf0ae 2CH3COOH + 2H2O (5) 2CH3COOH + 2Na \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + H2 (6) CH3COONa (r\u1eafn) + NaOH (r\u1eafn) \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (7) 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH + 3H2 (8) CH \uf0ba CH + HCl \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CHCl (9) nCH2=CHCl \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be,p\uf0ae (-CH2-CHCl-)n (10) C\u00e2u 80: Cho A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. A, B, C l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon, C l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u1ea3 mau ch\u00edn v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n. X, Y, Z l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau ( ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): C \uf0be\uf0be(9)\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0be\uf0aeCH3COOH (8) (5) (2) B\uf0ac\uf0be(7)\uf0be A \uf0ac\uf0be(6)\uf0be X \uf0ac\uf0be(4)\uf0be Y \uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be3) \uf0be\uf0be Z (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - C l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u00edch qu\u1ea3 mau ch\u00edn, c\u00f3 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n l\u00e0 C2H4. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 285","- C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0: AB D X Y Z (CH3COO)2Mg CH4 C2H2 C2H5OH CH3COONa (CH3COO)2Ba \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (1) 2CH3COOH + Mg \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Mg + H2 (2) (CH3COO)2Mg + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae (CH3COO)2Ba + Mg(OH)2 (3) (CH3COO)2Ba + Na2CO3 \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + BaCO3 (4) (CH3COO)2Ba + H2SO4 \uf0ae 2CH3COOH + BaSO4 (5) CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 (6) 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 (7) C2H2 + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo, P\uf0bed\/P\uf0bebCO\uf0be3\uf0ae C2H4 (8) C2H4 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae C2H5OH (9) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 286","CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 7: \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 A. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u1ea2I B\u00c0I T\u1eacP I. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf hi\u0111rocacbon \u25cf \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankan (CnH2n+2 ) - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chung + Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no CnH2n + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo , N\uf0bei\uf0ae CnH2n+2 CnH2n-2 + 2H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo , N\uf0bei\uf0ae CnH2n+2 + Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p craking Cn H2n\uf02b2\u00a0 \uf0bec\uf0berac\uf0bekinh\uf0be\uf0ae Cm H2m\uf02b2\u00a0 \uf02b CxH2x n\uf0b33 m\uf0b31 x\uf0b32 + Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00f4i t\u00f4i x\u00fat CnH2n+1COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0beto \uf0ae CnH2n+2 + Na2CO3 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metan C + 2H2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be5\uf0be00o\uf0beC\uf0be, N\uf0be\uf0bei\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 Al4C3 + 12H2O \uf0ae 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0beto \uf0ae CH4 \uf0ad + Na2CO3 CH2(COONa)2 + 2NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0beto \uf0ae CH4 \uf0ad + 2Na2CO3 \u25cf \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf anken (CnH2n) \u0110\u1ec1 hi\u0111ro h\u00f3a ankan CnH2n+2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,xt\uf0be\uf0ae CnH2n + H2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cracking CnH2n+2 \uf0bec\uf0berack\uf0beinh\uf0ae CaH2a+2 + CbH2b (n \uf0b3 3, a \uf0b3 1, b \uf0b3 2) T\u1eeb ankin (l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed1i ba C \u2261 C), CnH2n-2 + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo , P\uf0bed\uf0ae CnH2n anka\u0111ien (c\u00f3 2 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f4i): CnH2n-2 T\u1eeb d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen CnH2nX + KOH \uf0bea\uf0benco\uf0bel\uf0ae CnH2n + KX + H2O T\u1eeb d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t \u0111ihalogen T\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ancol no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c CnH2nX2 + Zn \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CnH2n + ZnX2 CnH2n+1OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae170oC, H2SO4 CnH2n + H2O trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng CH3CH2OH \uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, \uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2=CH2 + H2O \u25cf \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H2 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axetilen trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n metan \u1edf 1500oC 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae CH\uf0baCH + 3H2 - \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axetilen t\u1eeb canxi cacbua CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \uf0ad CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 287","Canxi cacbua s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (t\u1eeb v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 than \u0111\u00e1) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c trong h\u00e0n x\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n. Axetilen \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (H2S, NH3, PH3,\u2026) c\u00f3 m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n. II. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ancol - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3CH2OH trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p + Hi\u0111rat ho\u00e1 etilen x\u00fac t\u00e1c axit CH2 = CH2 + H2O \uf0beH2\uf0beSO\uf0be4,\uf0bet\uf0aeo CH3CH2OH + L\u00ean men tinh b\u1ed9t (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00ean men sinh h\u00f3a) (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0beEn\uf0bezim\uf0ae nC6H12O6 Glucoz\u00f4 C6H12O6 \uf0beEn\uf0bezim\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 \uf0ad - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metanol trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p + Oxi ho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n metan 2CH4 + O2 \uf0be20\uf0be0o C\uf0beC,1u0\uf0be0a\uf0betm\uf0ae 2CH3\uf02dOH + T\u1eeb cacbon oxit v\u00e0 kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro CO + 2H2 \uf0be40\uf0beZ0onOC\uf0be,, C2\uf0be0rO0a3\uf0betm\uf0ae CH3\uf02dOH III. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf este Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf este c\u1ee7a ancol l\u00e0 \u0111un h\u1ed3i l\u01b0u ancol v\u1edbi axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00f3 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c x\u00fac t\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CH3COOH + (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 , \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOCH 2CH 2CH(CH 3) 2 + H2O dau\u00e0 chuoi\u00e1 IV. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polime nCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beoc, \uf0bext,P\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n Polietilen ( PE ) nCH2 \uf03d CHCl \uf0bet\uf0beoc, \uf0bext,P\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CHCl\uf02d)n Nh\u00f6\u00efa PVC nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beoc, x\uf0bet,p\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n caosu buna nCH2 = C(CH3)\u2013CH=CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beoc, x\uf0bet,P\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d C(CH3 ) \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n Caosu isopren CH CH2 xt, to, p ( CH CH2 ) n nCH3COO CH3COO CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 288","B. GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT B\u00c0I T\u1eacP C\u00e2u 1. T\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3COOC2H5. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n - Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0betxoit\uf0ae nC6H12O6 (2) C6H12O6 \uf0be3m\uf0be0e-n3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 (3) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O (4) CH3COOH + C2H5OH H2 SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc CH3COOC2H5 + H2O to C\u00e2u 2. Ch\u1ea5t A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C4H6. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: A \uf0bed\uf0bedBr2\uf0be\uf0ae B \uf0bed\uf0bedNta0\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae C \uf0beN\uf0beHi,2t0\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0beH\uf0be12S7O0\uf0be04\u0111C\u00c6\uf0bec\uf0ae A \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be,P\uf0ae Cao su buna (1:1) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: CH2 = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 B: CH2Br \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2Br C: CH2OH \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2OH D: CH2OH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2OH CH2 = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 + Br2 \uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2Br (1) CH2Br \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2Br + 2NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH2OH \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2OH + 2NaBr (2) CH2OH \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2OH + H2 \uf0beNt\uf0be0i\uf0ae CH2OH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2OH (3) CH2OH \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2OH \uf0beH\uf0be12S7O0\uf0be04\u0111C\u00c6\uf0bec\uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 + 2H2O (4) nCH2 = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be,P\uf0ae ( CH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 ) n (5) C\u00e2u 3. T\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: poli etilen, axit axetic. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 Nam, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i T\u1eeb Tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: poli etilen, axit axetic. * Polietylen (C6H10O5)n +nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit,t\uf0be0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4,t0 CH2=CH2 + H2O nCH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,p,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae ( CH2 \uf02d CH2 )n * Axit axetic: C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been \uf0begi\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O C\u00e2u 4. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu c\u01a1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 axetilen. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, etilen tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi axetilen. T\u1eeb etilen h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 289","tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111icloetan, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic, etyl axetat, polietilen, poli(vinyl clorua) (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra: C2H4 + Cl2 \u2192 C2H4Cl2 \u0111icloetan C2H4 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, A\uf0bexit\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begi\uf0bea\u00e1m\uf0be, 30\uf0be-35\uf0beOC\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O axit axetic CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beO4\u00f1\uf0be\uf0bea\u00ebc,\uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O etyl axetat nCH2=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CH2-)n polietilen CH3COOH + NaOH \u2192 CH3COONa + H2O CH3COONa + NaOH(r\u1eafn) \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to \uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 2CH4 \uf0beL\uf0be\u00afm\uf0be1l5\u00b90n\uf0be0honC\uf0behan\uf0beh \uf0ae CH CH + 3H2 CH CH + HCl \uf0be1\uf0be5H0-\uf0beg2C00l\uf0be2o C\uf0be\uf0ae CH2=CHCl nCH2=CHCl \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CHCl-)n poli(vinyl clorua) C\u00e2u 5. T\u1eeb xenluloz\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7), vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: \u0110ibrometan, polietilen, metyl clorua. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ( C6H10O5 ) n + nH2O \uf0beA\uf0betxoit\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0be3M\uf0be0e\uf02dn3\uf0ber5\u00f6o\u00f4C\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C2H5OH + O2 \uf0beM\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beOt\uf0beo4 \u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo ,C\uf0beaO\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 CH4 + Cl2 \uf0beA\uf0be\u00d9nh\uf0besa\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl (metyl clorua) C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc C2H4+ H2O \uf0b3170o C C2H4 + Br2\uf0ae C2H4Br2 (\u0110ibrometan) nCH2 = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betto,p\uf0be\uf0ae ( CH2-CH2 ) n ( polietilen) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 290","C\u00e2u 6. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c axit axetic b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, saccaroz\u01a1, r\u01b0\u1ee3u metylic, butan, etyl axetat, glixerol? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2\/ C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\uf0be\u00e1m\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3OH + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo, x\uf0beu\u00f9c t\uf0bea\u00f9c\uf0ae CH3COOH 2C4H10 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo, x\uf0beu\u00f9c t\uf0bea\u00f9c\uf0ae 4CH3COOH + 2H2O CH3COOC2H5 + H2O \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0beto \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + C2H5OH H2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc C\u00e2u 7. T\u1eeb etilen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, (d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7) h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: polietilen v\u00e0 etyl axetat. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Polietilen: nCH2 = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0betp,t0\uf0be\uf0ae ( CH2 \uf03d CH2 ) n - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Etyl axetat (CH3COOC2H5): CH2 = CH2 + H2O \uf0be\uf0beaxit, t\uf0be0 \uf0ae CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been g\uf0beia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO\uf0be4 \u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc , t\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 8. a) Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,01 mol h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A b\u1eb1ng 0,03 mol kh\u00ed O2 (v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) thi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: nA \uf03d nH2O \uf02d nCO2 v\u00e0 nO2 \uf03d 1, 5nCO2 . X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A. b) Cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1: metan, etilen, axetilen v\u00e0 glucoz\u01a1. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A (\u1edf c\u00e2u a) v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean S\u1edf GD-\u0110T TPHCM, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) n CO2 \uf03d nO2 \uf03d 0, 03 \uf03d 0, 02 (mol) \uf0de nC \uf03d 0, 02(mol) 1, 5 1, 5 nA \uf03d nH2O \uf02d nCO2 \uf0de nH2O \uf03d nA \uf02b nCO2 \uf03d 0, 01\uf02b 0, 02 \uf03d 0, 03(mol) \uf0de nH \uf03d 0, 06(mol) nO\/A \uf03d nO\/CO2 \uf02b nO\/H2O \uf02d nO\/O2 \uf03d 2.nCO2 \uf02b nH2O \uf02d 2.nO2 \uf03d 2.0, 02 \uf02b 0, 03 \uf02d 2.0, 03 \uf03d 0, 01(mol) G\u1ecdi CTPT h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A l\u00e0 CxHyOz. (x, y, z nguy\u00ean, y \uf0a3 2x + 2 , y ch\u1eb5n) Ta c\u00f3: x : y : z \uf03d nC : nH : nO \uf03d 0, 02 : 0, 06 : 0, 01 \uf03d 2 : 6 :1 C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 (C2H6O)n (n nguy\u00ean) L\u1ea1i c\u00f3: 6n \uf0a3 4n + 2 \uf0de n \uf0a31 \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn n \uf03d1 \uf0de CTPT c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0: C2H6O b) PTHH: C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 291","C\u00e2u 9. Cho h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z. Ch\u1ecdn 4 kh\u00ed Z kh\u00e1c nhau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra Z. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i B\u1ed1n kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean l\u00e0: CO2, CH4, C2H2, H2 a) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CO2: Dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0 HCl, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y l\u00e0 CaCO3. PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O b) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH4: Dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0 H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y l\u00e0 Al4C3 PTHH: Al4C3 + 6H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3CH4 c) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H2: Dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0 H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y l\u00e0 CaC2 PTHH: CaC2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae C2H2 + CaSO4 d) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2: Dung d\u1ecbch X l\u00e0 H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y l\u00e0 Zn PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 \uf0ae ZnSO4 + H2 C\u00e2u 10. a) X\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 x\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng etanol theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Theo em x\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc E85 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 x\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X\u0103ng sinh h\u1ecdc E85 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb x\u0103ng v\u00e0 etanol trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 85% l\u00e0 etanol (C2H5OH) - X\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf. - Ethanol \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t hay xenluoz\u01a1 (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C\u00e2u 11. Trong \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid\u201319, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda tay kh\u00f4 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t X n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 60% \u0111\u1ebfn 85% l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi r\u00fat SARS-CoV-2. Ch\u1ea5t X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hy\u0111rat h\u00f3a etilen v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh h\u00f3a t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t X v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf X \u0111\u1ec1 minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i: Ch\u1ea5t X l\u00e0 C2H5OH Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H5OH: T\u1eeb etilen: C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 292","T\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0be\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0be3m\uf0be0e-n3\uf0ber5\u00ado\u00eeCu\uf0be\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C\u00e2u 12. Etyl axetat l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. a. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etyl axetat b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit axetic v\u1edbi x\u00fac t\u00e1c H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. b. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m? Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ta th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m B, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra? c. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean ngo\u00e0i etyl axetat c\u00f2n l\u1eabn r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit axetic. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t. d. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1000 l\u00edt etyl axetat th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (l\u00edt) r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit axetic ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hao h\u1ee5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e0 34%. Cho: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang (g\/cm3) c\u1ee7a etyl axetat, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 axit axetic l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: 0,902; 0,789; 1,049. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc : C2H5OH + CH3COOH H2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc CH3COOC2H5 + H2O t0 Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh: etyl axetat sinh ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i n\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5. Sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ta th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m B, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m B c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc. b. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t: \uf0a7 C\u00e1ch 1: Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, th\u1ea5y t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh 2 l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: - L\u1edbp ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9a: CH3COOCH2CH3. (1) - L\u1edbp ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a: CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH, NaCl, H2O. (2) D\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh chi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch 2 l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (1) v\u00e0 (2). Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (2) r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CH3CH2OH, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9a: CH3COONa, NaCl, NaOH, H2O. (3) CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O Cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (3) r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CH3COOH. 2 CH3COONa + H2SO4 \uf0ae 2 CH3COOH + Na2SO4 \uf0a7 C\u00e1ch 2 ( c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau) \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecCCH2H3C5OOHOH \uf0ef\uf0ecCH3COOC2H5 \uf0ef\uf0ecC2H5OH \uf0ee\uf0efCH3COOC2H5 \uf0ef C2H5OH \uf0ef CH3COONa \uf0bed\uf0bed N\uf0beaCchli\uf0beeb\u00e1ta\u00f5o\uf0beho\u00f8a\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0efdd CH3COOH \uf0bed\uf0bedchN\u00f6\uf0beanOg Hc\uf0bead\u00e1t \u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0efdd NaCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeH2SO4 loa\u00f5ng, d\u00f6 CH3COOH ch\u00f6ngca\u00e1t \uf0ef NaCl \uf0ef NaOH \uf0ee \uf0ee Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 293","2 CH3COONa + H2SO4 \uf0ae 2 CH3COOH + Na2SO4 c. 1000.103.0, 902 n =CH3COOC2H5 88 = 10250 (mol) C2H5OH + CH3COOH H2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc CH3COOC2H5 + H2O t0 10250 10250 10250 mol \uf0de VCH3COOH = mCH3COOH \uf03d 10250.60 = 586272,64 (cm3) dCH3COOH 1,049 VC2H5OH = mC2H5OH = 10250.46 = 597591,89 (cm3) dC2H5OH 0,789 Theo \u0111\u1ec1, hao h\u1ee5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 34%, do \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 66% \uf0de VCH3COOH = 586272,64.100 = 888291,88 (cm3) = 888,29188 (l) 66 \uf0de VC2H5OH = 597591,89.100 = 905442,26 (cm3) = 905,44226 (l) 66 C\u00e2u 13. a) Cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt sau: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt tr\u00ean. b) Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch X (c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p): Bi\u1ebft Y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: CH4, NH3, HCl, C2H4. X l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) A B C D Saccaroz\u01a1. Tinh b\u1ed9t. Glucoz\u01a1. Xenluloz\u01a1. b) (X) l\u00e0 C2H5OH ; (Y) l\u00e0 C2H4 C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4;17\uf0be00C\uf0be\uf0ae C2H4 + H2O. C\u00e2u 14. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 etilen, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etyl axetat v\u00e0 polietilen. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 294","- \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etyl axetat: C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0betx0it\uf0ae C2H5OH C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH C2H5OH + CH3COOH H2SO4 \u00f1a\u00ebc CH3COOC2H5 + H2O - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polietilen: t0 nCH2=CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beo , p\uf0be\uf0ae ( CH2\u2013CH2 )n xt C\u00e2u 15. T\u1eeb etilen, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n) \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Axit axetic, etyl axetat, polietilen. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ki\u00ean Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i T\u1eeb etilen \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: - Axit axetic: C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been g\uf0bei\u00cam\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O - Etyl axetat: C2H4 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae C2H5OH C2H5OH + CH3COOH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0be0 , H\uf0be\uf0be2SO\uf0be4\uf0be\u00ae\u00c6c\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 16. T\u1eeb metan, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7) vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra: \u0111iclometan, nh\u1ef1a P.V.C, 1,2-\u0111icloetan, etan, etylclorua. Ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau \u0111\u00e2y: + Cl2 CH2Cl2 (Pd,t0) + Cl2 t0,xt,p PVC CH4 15000C(C2H2 + H2 ) C2H4 CH2=CH-Cl C2H5Cl C2H6 + Cl2 NaCl \u0111pnc Cl2 C2H4Cl2 * Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f3: C2H4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anken c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi Cl2 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (kho\u1ea3ng 5000C). CnH2n + Cl2 \uf0be5\uf0be000\uf0beC\uf0ae CnH2n\u20131Cl + HCl * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111iclometan: 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 CH4 + 2Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH2Cl2 + 2HCl * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf PVC: 2CH4 \uf0bel\uf0bea\u00f8m\uf0be1la5\u00efn0\uf0be0h0nC\uf0behan\uf0beh\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 C2H2 + HCl \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae C2H3Cl (Ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ebf Cl2 (5000C) v\u00e0o etilen) (polivinyl clorua - PVC) * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 1,2- \u0111icloetan: 295 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0","C2H2 + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bet0d\uf0ae C2H4 CH2=CH2 + Cl2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae CH2Cl\u2013CH2Cl * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etan, etylclorua: C2H2 + 2H2 \uf0beN\uf0bet0i\uf0ae C2H6 C2H6 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae C2H5Cl + HCl (Ho\u1eb7c C2H4 + HCl \uf0ae C2H5Cl ) C\u00e2u 17. T\u1eeb xenluloz\u01a1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Etyl axetat (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexi\uf0bet,t0 \uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0beenr\uf0beu\uf0beou\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0beeng\uf0bei\uf0beam\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\u0111\uf0be,t0 \uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 18. T\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etyl axetat. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i ( C6H10O5 )n + nH2O axit, t0 nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0be\uf0bemen\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\uf0be\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2\uf0ad C2H5OH + O2 \uf0be\uf0bemen\uf0begia\uf0be\u00e1m\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0be\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0be,\uf0bet0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C\u00e2u 19. T\u1eeb kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7), vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polietilen, poli(vinylclorua), polibuta\u0111ien. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be5000\uf0bec\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 C2H2 + H2 \uf0be1\uf0be5000\uf0bec\uf0ae C2H4 nCH2= H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CH2-)n C2H2 + HCl \u2192 CH2 = CHCl nCH2= HCl \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CHCl-)n 2C2H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 ,xt\uf0be\uf0ae C4H4 C4H4 + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae CH2= CH\u2013CH=CH2 nCH2=CH\u2013CH=CH2 \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n C\u00e2u 20. Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cao su buna (polibuta\u0111ien) t\u1eeb 4 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2018 - 2019) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 296","- \u0110i t\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c xenluloz\u01a1 : (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0beH\uf0be\uf02b ,x\uf0bet\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bel\uf0bee\u00e2nm\uf0beenr\u00f6\uf0be\u00f4\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 2C2H5OH \uf0beZ\uf0benO\uf0be\uf02bMg\uf0beO;4\uf0be000C\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 + 2H2O + H2 nH2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 ,xt\uf0be,p\uf0ae (- CH2 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2 -)n - \u0110i t\u1eeb kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean: 2CH4 \uf0bel\uf0bea1\u00efn5h0n\uf0be0h0aCn\uf0beh\uf0ae C2H2 + 3H2 2HC \u2261 CH \uf0beC\uf0beuCl\uf0be\/NH\uf0be4Cl\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 C \u2261 CH H2C = CH \u2013CH \u2261 CH + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed,t0\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 nH2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be, p\uf0ae (- CH2 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2 -)n - \u0110i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i: CaCO3 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0be0C\uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + 3C \uf0be2\uf0be000\uf0be0C\uf0ae CaC2 + CO CaC2 + 2H2O\u2192 C2H2 + Ca(OH)2 HC \u2261 CH + HOH \uf0beH\uf0begSO\uf0be4 ,8\uf0be00C\uf0be\uf0ae CH3 \u2013 CHO CH3 \u2013 CHO + H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH CH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 OH \uf0beZ\uf0benO\uf0be\uf02bMg\uf0beO;4\uf0be000C\uf0be\uf0ae H2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 + 2H2O + H2 nH2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be, p\uf0ae (- CH2 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2 -)n - \u0110i t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf: C4H10 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 + 2H2 nH2C = CH \u2013 CH = CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,t0\uf0be, p\uf0ae (- CH2 \u2013 CH = CH \u2013 CH2 -)n C\u00e2u 21. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, than \u0111\u00e1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u CH3OH, CH3CH2OH, CH3CH2CH2OH v\u00e0 c\u00e1c axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + 3C \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaC2 + CO CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + CH \uf0ba CH CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/\uf0bePbC\uf0beO\uf0be3,t\uf0beo \uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH2 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3CH2OH v\u00e0 axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (CH3COOH): CH2=CH2 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1\uf0bem\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3OH v\u00e0 axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (HCOOH): CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O CH3COONa \uf0bet\uf0beo,v\uf0beo\u00e2i\uf0beto\u00e2i\uf0bexu\u00f9t\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0beskt\uf0be\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl 1:1 CH3Cl + NaOH \uf0ae CH3OH + NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 297","CH3OH + CuO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae HCHO + Cu + H2O 2HCHO + O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae 2HCOOH - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3CH2CH2OH v\u00e0 axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (CH3CH2COOH): 2CH3CH2OH \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 + 2H2O CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,N\uf0bei\uf0ae CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 \uf0beC\uf0bera\uf0beckin\uf0beh\uf0ae CH4 + CH2=CH-CH3 + C\u00e1ch 1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3CH2CH2OH nh\u01b0 sau: CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH3CH2CH2OH (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5) CH2=CH-CH3 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH3CH(OH)CH3 (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh) + C\u00e1ch 2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH3CH2CH2OH nh\u01b0 sau: CH2=CH-CH3 + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo,xt\uf0be\uf0ae CH2=CH-CH2-Cl + HCl CH2=CH-CH2-Cl + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,N\uf0bei\uf0ae CH3-CH-CH2-Cl CH3-CH-CH2-Cl + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3-CH-CH2-OH + NaCl \u25cf Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: C\u00e1ch 1 Qua 1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m CH3CH2CH2OH t\u1ea1o ra \u00edt (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5) c\u00f3 l\u1eabn C\u00e1ch 2 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi CH3CH(OH)CH3 (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh) Qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u CH3-CH-CH2-OH t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c + \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng (CH3CH2COOH): CH3CHCH2OH + O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae CH3CH2COOH + H2O C\u00e2u 22. T\u1eeb etyl axetat, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polietilen. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CH3COONa + C2H5OH CH3CH2OH \uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, \uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2=CH2 + H2O nCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be, p\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n Polietilen ( PE ) C\u00e2u 23. T\u1eeb etilen c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a etilen th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: axit axetic, benzen, nh\u1ef1a PVC, cao su buna. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit axetic: CH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf02b, H\uf0beH22SO\uf0beO4\uf0be\uf0ae CH3CH2 OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH men gia\u00e1m CH2=CH2 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1\uf0bem\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cao su buna: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 298","CH3CH2OH \uf0bex\uf0bet,t\uf0beo \uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d CH \uf03d CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be,p\uf0be\uf0ae(\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n 2CH3CH2OH \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + H2 + 2H2O nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0be,p\uf0ae (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf benzen C\u00e1ch 1: CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d CH \uf03d CH2 \uf0beN\uf0be\uf02biH,\uf0bet2o \uf0ae CH3 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH3 \uf0bec\uf0berac\uf0bekin\uf0beh\uf0ae CH4 1500oC L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh C6H6 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be600\uf0beo C\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be CH \uf0ba CH than hoa\u00eft t\u00ednh benzen Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,N\uf0bei\uf0ae CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 \uf0beC\uf0bera\uf0beckin\uf0beh\uf0ae CH4 + C3H6 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH + 3H2 3 CH \uf0ba CH \uf0be6\uf0be00o\uf0beC,t\uf0behan\uf0behoa\uf0be\u00eft t\u00edn\uf0beh\uf0ae C6H6 C\u00e1ch 2: CH3COOH \uf0be\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa \uf0bev\uf0beoN\u00e2i\uf0beatoO\u00e2i\uf0beHxu\u00f9t\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 1500oC, l\u00e0m L\u1ea1nh nhanh C6H6 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be600\uf0beo C\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be CH \uf0ba CH than hoa\u00eft t\u00ednh benzen Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CH3COOH + NaOH \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O CH3COONa \uf0bet\uf0beo,v\uf0beo\u00e2i\uf0beto\u00e2i\uf0bexu\u00f9t\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH + 3H2 3 CH \uf0ba CH \uf0be6\uf0be00o\uf0beC,t\uf0behan\uf0behoa\uf0be\u00eft t\u00edn\uf0beh\uf0ae C6H6 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a PVC CH \uf0ba CH + HCl \uf0be1\uf0bex:t1\uf0ae CH2=CHCl nCH2 \uf03d CHCl \uf0bet\uf0be0c, \uf0bext,P\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CHCl\uf02d)n Nh\u00f6\u00efa PVC C\u00e2u 24. T\u1eeb tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m) c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: PE (poli etilen), PVC (poli vinyl clorua). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (C6H10O5)n + nH2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0ae nC6H12O6 C6H12O6 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\u00f4\uf0be\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1\uf0bem\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 299","CH3COOH + Na \uf0ae CH3COONa + 1\/2H2 CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo,v\uf0beo\u00e2i\uf0beto\u00e2i\uf0bexu\u00f9t\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh n\uf0behanh\uf0be\uf0ae CH \uf0ba CH + 3H2 CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b HCl \uf0be1\uf0be: 1\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 \uf03d CHCl nCH2 \uf03d CHCl \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be, p\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CHCl\uf02d)n Nh\u00f6\u00efa PVC CH3CH2OH \uf0be1\uf0be70o\uf0beC, \uf0beH2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH2=CH2 + H2O nCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be, p\uf0be\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n Polietilen ( PE ) C\u00e2u 25. T\u1eeb canxi cacbua v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7) vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: \u0111ibrometan, metan. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111ibrometan CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 CH \uf0ba CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed\/\uf0bePbC\uf0beO\uf0be3,t\uf0beo \uf0aeCH2 \uf03d CH2 CH2=CH2 + Br2 \uf0ae CH2Br \u2013 CH2Br - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metan CH2 = CH2 + H2O \uf0bet\uf0beo, H\uf0be2S\uf0beO4 \uf0be\u00a0\u00a0\uf0ae CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0begia\u00e1\uf0bem\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O 2CH3COOH + 2Na \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + 2H2 CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo,v\uf0beo\u00e2i\uf0beto\u00e2i\uf0bexu\u00f9t\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf0ad + Na2CO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ea4T CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 300"]