LUYỆN-SÁCH CHINH PHỤC HÓA 9

["C\u00e2u 7 (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m hai mu\u1ed1i Na2SO4 v\u00e0 K2SO4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1:2. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o 102 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho 1664 gam dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 10% v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A, l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 d\u01b0 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 46,6 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch A. C\u00e2u 8 (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m KMnO4 v\u00e0 MnO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau. Cho ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi HCl \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). \u0110em nung n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea7n 2 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V2 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). Bi\u1ebft V1:V2=9. a) Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. b) N\u1ebfu th\u00eam n mol KMnO4 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n 3 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nung n\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n 2 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol HCl \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n (1) theo n. C\u00e2u 9 (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m 0,1 mol C2H2 v\u00e0 0,2 mol H2\u0111i qua ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y g\u1ed3m C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 v\u00e0 H2. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Y so v\u1edbi hidro l\u00e0 7,5. a) T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol H2 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. b) D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y \u0111i qua b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch Br2, sau khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m gam Br2 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i V l\u00edt kh\u00ed Z (\u0111ktc) kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m v\u00e0 V, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch Br2 sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam 1,6 gam so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e2u 10 (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng) g\u1ed3m hai hidrocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i. a) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed A c\u1ea7n 11,25 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed oxi \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch hidrocacbon c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u00edt h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 50% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. b) Tr\u1ed9n 6,72 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1edbi 4,48 l\u00edt H2, \u0111un n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 Ni l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8,96 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed B. Cho B qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng m gam. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hidro h\u00f3a c\u00e1c hidrocacbon nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u00ednh m. (Cho: H=1; C=12; N=14; O=16; S=32; P=31; Na=23; K=39; Ca=40; Al=27; Mg=24; Fe=56; Cu=64; Mn=55; Ag=108; Ba=137) --------H\u1ebeT-------- \u0110\u00c1P \u00c1N C\u00e2u 1. Tr\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 1. Cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0: - Hai m\u1eabu th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Mg(OH)2 v\u00e0 Al2O3 (Nh\u00f3m 1) - Ba m\u1eabu th\u1eed tan t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u l\u00e0 Ca(NO3)2, Na2CO3, KOH (Nh\u00f3m 2) 2. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m 2: - D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u1edf nh\u00f3m 2 + M\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 Na2CO3 PTHH: Na2CO3 \uf02b 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2NaCl \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O + Hai dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a Na2CO3 - D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o hai m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong nh\u00f3m 2: + M\u1eabu th\u1eed n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 Ca(NO3)2 PTHH: Na2CO3 \uf02b Ca \uf028 NO3 \uf029 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCaCO3 \uf0af\uf02b 2Na2CO3 2 + M\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 KOH. 3. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft nh\u00f3m 1: - D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch KOH v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed \u1edf nh\u00f3m 1. + M\u1eabu n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan ra l\u00e0 Al2O3 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 501","PTHH: Al2O3 \uf02b 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2KAlO2 \uf02b H2O + M\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Mg(OH)2 C\u00e2u 2. 1. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0: - NaCl v\u00e0 CaCl2 tan t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch. - Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 BaCO3, CuO. L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch. 2. Cho dung d\u1ecbch (NH4)2CO3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec ng\u1eebng PTHH: \uf028 NH 4 \uf029 CO3 \uf02b CaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af\uf02b 2NH4Cl 2 - L\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a CaCO3 cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i CaCl2. PTHH: CaCO3 \uf02b 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCaCl2 \uf02b H2O \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad - Dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a NaCl, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3d\u01b0 + Nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00ed ng\u1eebng tho\u00e1t ra PTHH: \uf028 NH 4 \uf029 CO3 \uf02b 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH4Cl \uf02b H2O \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad 2 + C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n cung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ch\u1ee9a mu\u1ed1i NH4Cl v\u00e0 NaCl), sau \u0111\u00f3 nung c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaCl PTHH: NH4Cl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad \uf02b HCl \uf0ad 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m BaCO3 v\u00e0 CuO: cho v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1edbi d\u01b0, BaCO3 tan PTHH: BaCO3 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba \uf028 HCO3 \uf029 2 - L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuO. - Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch, \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaCO3 PTHH: Ba \uf028 HCO3 \uf029 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O 2 C\u00e2u 3. - M \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X. - X v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1), v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl (axit) \uf0ae M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i Al C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X: Al2O3, Y: AlCl3, T: NaAlO2, E: Al(OH)3, B: dd NH3(ho\u1eb7c Na2CO3) A: H2SO4 , D: kh\u00ed CO2 C: dd Na2CO3(ho\u1eb7c dd NH3) C\u00e1c PTHH: Al2O3 \uf02b 6HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2AlCl3 \uf02b 3H2O Al2O3 \uf02b 3H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3H2O Al2O3 \uf02b 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2NaAlO2 \uf02b H2O 2Al2O3 \uf0bed\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al \uf02b 3O2 2 Al2 \uf028 SO4 \uf029 \uf02b 6NH3 \uf02b 6 H 2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2 Al \uf028OH \uf029 \uf02b 3\uf028 NH 4 \uf029 SO4 3 3 2 NaAlO2 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf02b Al \uf028OH \uf029 3 Al \uf028OH \uf029 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf02b H 2O 3 2Al2O3 \uf0bed\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al \uf02b 3O2 C\u00e2u 4. a) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang: D\u00f9ng CO kh\u1eed c\u00e1c oxit s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong l\u00f2 cao. - Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: Qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft (hemantit Fe2O3, ho\u1eb7c manhetit Fe3O4), than c\u1ed1c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u00e0u oxi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia (\u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i\u2026) C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 502","- Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o CO: C \uf02b O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0aeCO2 CO2 \uf02b C \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CO - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed oxit s\u1eaft: 3CO \uf02b Fe2O3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe \uf02b 3CO2 4CO \uf02b Fe3O4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae3Fe \uf02b 4CO2 - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0aeCaO \uf02b CO2 CaO \uf02b SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0aeCaSiO3 b) - %mFe trong gang=100-5 = 95% - mFe trong 2 t\u1ea5n gang = 2. 95 \uf03d 1,9 (t\u1ea5n) 100 - Ta c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7: Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3Fe 1 mol 3 mol 232 t\u1ea5n 168 t\u1ea5n ? 1,9 t\u1ea5n Suy ra mFe3O4 \uf03d 232.1, 9 (t\u1ea5n) 168 - Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng manhetit ch\u1ee9a 10% t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u00ednh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh mqu\u1eb7ng (lt)= 232.1,9 .100 (t\u1ea5n) 168 90 - Do hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t 90%, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng manhetit th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 mqu\u1eb7ng (tt)= 232.1,9 .100 .100 \u2248 3,24 t\u1ea5n. 168 90 90 C\u00e2u 5. A1: CH4 A2: C2H2 A3: C2H4 A4: C4H4 A5: C4H10 A6: C4H6 PTHH: (1) 2CH4 \uf0be1\uf0be5000\uf0beC, l\uf0bea\u00f8m l\uf0bea\u00efnh\uf0benhan\uf0beh\uf0ae C H \uf02b 3H2 2 2 (2) CH \uf02b H \uf0beP\uf0bed\/ P\uf0bebCO\uf0be3 ,t0\uf0be\uf0aeC H 22 2 24 (3) nCH2 \uf03d CH2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 , p,\uf0bext\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n (4) 2C2H2 \uf0beN\uf0beH4C\uf0bel,C\uf0beuCl2\uf0be;t0 \uf0ae CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d C \uf0ba CH (5) CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d C \uf0ba CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beP\uf0bed \/P\uf0bebCO\uf0be3,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d CH \uf03d CH2 (6) CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d CH \uf03d CH2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 , p,\uf0bext\uf0ae (\uf02dCH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d)n (7) CH2 \uf03d CH \uf02d C \uf03d CH \uf02b H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0ae CH3 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH3 (8) CH3 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 ,xt\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf02b CH3 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH2 C\u00e2u 6. a) G\u1ecdi a,b l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a MCln v\u00e0 BaCl2 c\u00f3 trong 2,665 gam m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea7n 1: MCln\uf02b nAgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeM (NO3)n \uf02b nAgCl \uf0af (1) a an a an (mol) BaCl2\uf02b 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeBa(NO3)2 \uf02b 2AgCl \uf0af (2) b 2b b 2b (mol) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 503","nAgCl \uf03d 5, 74 \uf03d 0, 04(mol) \uf0f0an+2b = 0,04 (mol) 143, 5 BaCl2\uf02b H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeBaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b 2HCl (3) b b (mol) 2MCln\uf02b nH2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeM2 (SO4 )n \uf0af \uf02b 2nHCl (4) Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) c\u1ee9 1 mol BaCl2 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 1 mol BaSO4 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u0103ng 25 gam. T\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (4) c\u1ee9 2 mol MCln chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 1 mol M2(SO4)n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u0103ng 12,5n gam. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng X3 < kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf (4) kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra \uf0ae X3 l\u00e0 BaSO4 nBaSO4 \uf03d 1,165 \uf03d 0, 005(mol) \uf0f0 b = 0,005 (mol) \uf0f0 an = 0,03. 233 mhh= a(M + 35,5n) + 0,005.208 = 2,665 \uf0f0 aM = 0,56 aM \uf03d 0,56 \uf0de M \uf03d 56 n an 0, 03 3 a1 2 3 M 18,7 37,3 56 (Fe) V\u1eady M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i Fe. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i: FeCl3 b) - S\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo PTHH (1) v\u00e0 (2) nAgCl (1)(2) \uf03d 0, 04 mol - S\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 d\u01b0 = 0,05 \u2013 0,04 = 0,01 mol - Dung d\u1ecbch X2 g\u1ed3m: Fe(NO3)3 (0,01 mol) \uf0f0 mFe(NO3)3 \uf03d 0, 01.242 \uf03d 2, 42 (g) Ba(NO3)2 (0,005 mol\/) \uf0f0 mBa(NO3)2 \uf03d 0, 005.261\uf03d1,305(g) AgNO3 d\u01b0 (0,01 mol) \uf0f0 mAgNO3 \uf03d 0, 01.170 \uf03d1, 7 (g) mddX2 \uf03d m1\/2ddX \uf02b mddAgNO3 \uf02d mkt AgNO3 \uf03d100\uf02b100 \uf02d 5, 74 \uf03d 194, 26 (g) C %Fe( NO3 )3 \uf03d 2, 42 .100% \uf03d 1, 246% 194, 26 C %Ba( NO3 )2 \uf03d 1,305 .100% \uf03d 0, 672% 194, 26 C% AgNO3 \uf03d 1, 7 .100% \uf03d 0,875% 194, 26 C\u00e2u 7. - Khi cho dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A: BaCl2\uf02b 2Na2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeBaSO4 \uf02b 2NaCl (1) BaCl2\uf02b 2K2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeBaSO4 \uf02b 2KCl (2) - Khi cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a BaCl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi H2SO4. BaCl2\uf02b H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeBaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b 2HCl (3) - Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BaCl2 cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A l\u00e0: mBaCl2 \uf03d 1, 664 .10 \uf03d 166, 4 (g) \uf0ae n BaCl2 \uf03d 166, 4 \uf03d 0,8(mol) 100 208 - S\u1ed1 mol BaCl2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) l\u00e0: mBaCl2 (3) \uf03d mBaSO4 (3) \uf03d 46, 6 \uf03d 0, 2 (mol) 233 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 504","nNa2SO4 \uf02b nK2SO4 \uf03d nBaCl2 (1)&(2) \uf03d 0,8 \uf02d 0, 2 \uf03d 0, 6 (mol) - Suy ra h\u1ee3p nNa2SO4 : nK2SO4 \uf03d1: 2 nNa2SO4 \uf03d 0, 2 (mol); nK2SO4 \uf03d 0, 4(mol) n\u00ean - V\u00ec trong h\u1ed7n ta c\u00f3 \uf0ae mNa2SO4 \uf03d 0, 2.142 \uf03d 28, 4 (g); mK2SO4 \uf03d 0, 4.174 \uf03d 69, 6 (g) - Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch A: mddA= 102 + 28,4 + 69,6 = 200 (g) - N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong dung d\u1ecbch A: C % Na2 SO4 \uf03d 28, 4 .100% \uf03d 14, 2%; C%K2SO4 \uf03d 69,9 .100% \uf03d 34,8% 200 200 C\u00e2u 8. a) PTHH 2KMnO4\uf02b16HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KCl \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 8H2O (1) MnO2\uf02b 4HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O (2) 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 \uf02b MnO2 \uf02b O2 \uf0ad (3) \u0110\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 mol KMnO4, MnO2 trong m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x, y 2KMnO4\uf02b16HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2KCl \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 8H2O (1) x 2,5x (mol) MnO2\uf02b 4HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O (2) y y (mol) nCl2 \uf03d 2,5x \uf02b y (mol) \uf03d n1 (3) 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 \uf02b MnO2 \uf02b O2 \uf0ad x 0,5x (mol) nO2 \uf03d 0,5x (mol) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 V1 \uf03d 2,5x \uf02b y \uf03d9 \uf0de y \uf03d 2x (I) V2 0, 5x b\u00e0i, ta c\u00f3: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. \uf0de %mKMnO4 \uf03d 158x .100% \uf03d 158x .100% \uf03d 47, 59% 158x \uf02b 87 y 158x \uf02b 87.2x %MnO2 \uf03d 100% \uf02d 47,59% \uf03d 52, 41% b) Khi th\u00eam n mol KMnO4 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n 3 th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch O2 sinh ra th\u00eam 0,5n mol \uf0de nO2 \uf03d 0,5n \uf02b 0,5x (mol) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i VO2 sinhra \uf03d V1 \uf0de nO2 sinhra \uf03d n1 \uf0de 0,5n \uf02b 0,5x \uf03d 2,5x \uf02b y \uf0de n \uf03d 8x (II ) \uf0de x \uf03d 0,125n(mol); y \uf03d 0,25n(mol) 2KMnO4\uf02b16HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2KCl \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 8H2O (1) 0,125n n (mol) MnO2\uf02b 4HCl\u00f1a\u00ebc \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O (2) 0,25n n (mol) nHClp\u00f6 \uf03d n \uf02b n \uf03d 2n (mol) C\u00e2u 9. a) C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 505","C2H2 \uf02b 2H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0aeC2H6 (1) a 2a a (mol) C2H2 \uf02b H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t0\uf0be\uf0aeC2H4 (2) bb b (mol) Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta c\u00f3: mhh X \uf03d mhhY \uf03d 0,1.26 \uf02b 0,2.2 \uf03d 3(gam)\uf0de nY \uf03d 3 \uf03d 0, 2 (mol) 7, 5.2 S\u1ed1 mol H2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: nH2 \uf03d nhhX \uf02d nhhY \uf03d (0,1\uf02b 0,2) \uf02d 0,2 \uf03d 0,1(mol) b) D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y qua dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: C2H2 \uf02b 2Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeC2H2Br4 (3) 0,1- a-b 2(0,1-a-b) (mol) C2H4 \uf02b Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeC2H4Br2 (4) bb (mol) G\u1ecdi a v\u00e0 b l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a C2H6 v\u00e0 C2H4 c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (2), ta c\u00f3: nH2d\u00f6 \uf03d (0,2 \uf02d 2a \uf02d b)(mol) nC2H2d\u00f6 \uf03d (0,1 \uf02d a \uf02d b)(mol) n \uf03d n \uf02b n \uf02b n \uf02b nhhY C2H2 (Y ) H2 (Y ) C2 H 4 C2 H6 \uf0de(0,1\uf02d a \uf02d b) \uf02b (0,2 \uf02d 2a \uf02d b) \uf02b a \uf02b b \uf03d 0,2 \uf0db 2a \uf02b b \uf03d 0,1 (I) Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) v\u00e0 (4) ta c\u00f3: nBr2 \uf03d 2(0,1\uf02d a \uf02d b) \uf02b b \uf03d 0,2 \uf02d 2a \uf02d b \uf03d 0,2 \uf02d (2a \uf02b b) \uf03d 0,2 \uf02d 0,1 \uf03d 0,1(mol) mBr2 pha\u00fbn\u00f6\u00f9ng \uf03d 0,1.160 \uf03d 16 (gam) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch Br2 t\u0103ng th\u00eam 1,6 gam ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a C2H2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0 C2H4 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \uf0de 26.(0,1\uf02d a \uf02d b) \uf02b 28b \uf03d 1,6 \uf0db 26a \uf02d 2b \uf03d 1 (II) T\u1eeb (I) v\u00e0 (II), ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 2a \uf02b b \uf03d 0,1 \uf0f0 a \uf03d 0, 04 26a \uf02d 2b \uf03d 1 b \uf03d 0, 02 nhhZ \uf03d nC2H6 \uf02b nH2 \uf03d a \uf02b (0, 2 \uf02d 2a \uf02d b) \uf03d 0,14 (mol) VhhZ \uf03d 0,14.22, 4 \uf03d 3,136 (l) C\u00e2u 10. a) Do h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng) g\u1ed3m hai hidrocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i \uf0f0 A g\u1ed3m 2 anken c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 4 (hai anken \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed). \uf02d - G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a hai anken l\u00e0 n PTHH : CH \uf02b 3n O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae nCO2 \uf02b n H2O n 2n 2 V\u1eady t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol n\u00ean ta c\u00f3: 3. 3n \uf03d 11,25 \uf0de n \uf03d 2, 5 \uf0f0 V\u1eady anken th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 C2H4. 2 TH1: Anken th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 C3H6 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 506","m\u00e0 n=2,5 \uf0f0 s\u1ed1 mol hai hidrocacbon b\u1eb1ng nhau \uf0f0 % th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1ed7i anken l\u00e0 50% (lo\u1ea1i do th\u1ec3 t\u00edch hidrocacbon c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u00edt h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 50% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A) TH2: Anken th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 C4H8 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o ta c\u00f3: n 2C2H4 1,5 2,5 n 4C4H8 0,5 \uf0de nC2H4 \uf03d 1, 5 \uf03d 3 \uf0de %VC2H4 \uf03d %nC2H4 \uf03d 3 .100% \uf03d 60% nC4H8 0, 5 1 4 %VC4H8 \uf03d %nC4H8 \uf03d100% \uf02d 60% \uf03d 40% b) nhh A \uf03d 0,3(mol); nH2 \uf03d 0,2 (mol); nhhB \uf03d 0, 4 (mol) V\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hidro h\u00f3a c\u00e1c hidrocacbon nh\u01b0 nhau: nH2 p\u00f6 \uf03d nhhgia\u00fbm \uf03d 0,3 \uf02b 0,2 \uf02d 0, 4 \uf03d 0,1(mol) G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a anken trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A l\u00e0 C2,5H5 (C2H4, C4H8) C2,5H5 \uf02b H2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeC2,5H7 0,1 0,1 (mol) C2,5H5 \uf02b Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeC2,5H5Br2 0,2 0,2 (mol) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh brom t\u0103ng m gam l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 0,2 mol C2,5H5 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B. \uf0de m= 0,2.35 = 7 (g) B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 T\u1ec8NH H\u00c0 T\u0128NH N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2019 - 2020 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 120 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u 1. ( 3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y: a. Cho v\u00e0i m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl r\u1ed3i s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed oxi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o. b. Cho Na \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Al2(SO4)3. c. \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ea9u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed clo. d. S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed cacbonic \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. 2.Cho A, B, D, E l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Natri. Bi\u1ebft: - Ch\u1ea5t A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch B th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t D - Ch\u1ea5t D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch E th\u00ec tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. - Ch\u1ea5t A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. b. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t B, E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1m ure. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. a. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Cho m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra, sau khi s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed oxi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed3ng tan d\u1ea7n, dung d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u sang m\u00e0u xanh. PTHH: 2Cu + O2 + 4HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CuCl2 + H2O GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 507","b. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu Na tan, c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a keo tr\u1eafng, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a keo tan d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft. PTHH: 2Na + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3Na2SO4 Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ban \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u ngay. PTHH: Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO Axit HCl l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf, axit HClO c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u m\u1ea9u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u0111ang h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf. d. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: C\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong b\u1ecb v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft. PTHH: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 2. a.C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: NaHCO3; NaOH; Na2CO3; NaHSO4. PTHH: NaHCO3 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na2SO4 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O 2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2H2O b. (NH2)2CO + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (NH4)2CO3 2NaOH + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2NH3 \uf0ad + 2H2O 2NaHSO4 + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O C\u00e2u 2. ( 3,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m K v\u00e0 Al. N\u1ebfu cho m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6,72 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u1edf \u0111ktc). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, cho 3m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 35,28 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u1edf \u0111ktc). Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. 2. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf: a. 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 1M t\u1eeb dung \u0111\u1ecbch H2SO4 10M v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t. b. 200 gam dung d\u1ecbch MgSO4 15% t\u1eeb MgSO4.7H2O v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. G\u1ecdi: nK = x (mol); nAl = y (mol) Khi cho m gam X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol kh\u00ed H2 l\u00e0: nH2 = 6,72 = 0,3 (mol) 22,4 Khi cho 3m gam X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol kh\u00ed H2 l\u00e0: nH = 35,28 = 1,575 (mol) 2 22,4 Ta th\u1ea5y: 1,575 > 3.0,3 = 0,9 \uf0de Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf khi cho m (gam) X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec Al c\u00f2n d\u01b0, khi cho 3m (gam) X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH th\u00ec h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X h\u1ebft. Khi cho X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0: PTHH: 2K + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH + H2 \uf0ad (mol) x x 1x 2 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad xx 3 x (mol) 2 T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol H2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf 2 PT tr\u00ean: 1x+ 3x = 1 x = 0,3 \uf0de x = 0,15 (mol) 2 2 2 Khi cho 3m (g) X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 ta c\u00f3: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 508","2K + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH + H2 \uf0ad (mol) 3x 3x 3 x 2 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad 3y 3y 9 y (mol) 2 T\u1eeb PT ta c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol H2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0: 3x + 9y = 1,575 (mol) 2 2 Thay x = 0,15 \uf0de y = 0,3 (mol) V\u1eady m = mK + mAl = 0,15.39 + 0,3.27 = 13,95 (gam) 2. a) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 1M t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 10M. - T\u00ednh to\u00e1n: nH2SO4 = 0,1.1 = 0,1 (mol) Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung dich H2SO4 10M c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng l\u00e0: Vdd = 0,1 = 0,01 (l\u00edt) = 10 (ml) 10 Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y: V = 100 - 10 = 90ml - C\u00e1ch pha: B1: \u0110ong 80 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 150 ml. B2: \u0110ong 10 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 10M r\u00f3t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea1ch 100 ml, khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 1M. b) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf 200 gam dung d\u1ecbch MgSO4 15% t\u1eeb MgSO4.7H2O - T\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t tan MgSO4 c\u00f3 trong 200g dung d\u1ecbch MgSO4 l\u00e0: mMgSO4 = 200.15 = 30 (gam) \uf0de n MgSO4 = 30 = 0,25 (mol) 100 120 Ta c\u00f3: nMgSO4 = nMgSO4.7H2 O = 0,25 (mol) \uf0de m =MgSO4.7H2 O 0,25.246 = 61,5 (gam) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n cho v\u00e0o l\u00e0: 200 \u2013 61,5 = 138,5 (gam) - C\u00e1ch pha: B1: C\u00e2n l\u1ea5y 61,5 gam mu\u1ed1i MgSO4.7H2O cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 dung t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng 250ml B2: C\u00e2n l\u1ea5y 138,5 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u cho mu\u1ed1i tan h\u1ebft ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 gam dung d\u1ecbch MgSO4 15%. C\u00e2u 3. ( 2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Cho kh\u00ed CO \u0111i qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m CuO, FeO nung n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14,4 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y v\u00e0 3,36 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z (\u1edf \u0111ktc) tho\u00e1t ra. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Z so v\u1edbi kh\u00ed H2 l\u00e0 18. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft Y trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,24 l\u00edt kh\u00ed SO2 (\u1edf \u0111ktc) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch T. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i PTHH: CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae Cu + CO2 FeO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe + CO2 \u0110\u1eb7t: nCuO = x (mol); nFeO = y (mol) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z g\u1ed3m: CO2 v\u00e0 CO d\u01b0. Ta c\u00f3: nZ = 3,36 = 0,15 (mol) ; MZ = 18.2 = 36 (g\/mol) \uf0de mZ = 0,15.36 = 5,4 (gam) 22,4 Theo PT ta c\u00f3: nCO ban \u0111\u1ea7u = nCO p\u01b0 + nCO d\u01b0 = nCO2 + nCO d\u01b0 = nZ = 0,15 (mol) \uf0de mCO ban \u0111\u1ea7u = 0,15.28 = 4,2 (gam) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110L BTKL ta c\u00f3: mX + mCO ban \u0111\u1ea7u = mY + mZ \uf0de mX = 14,4 + 5,4 \u2013 4,2 = 15,6 gam Hay: 80x + 72y = 15,6 (I) Cho Y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 509","S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: \uf07b CuSO4 Y + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae Fe2 \uf028SO4 \uf029 3 + SO2 + H2O BTBT Cu: nCuSO4 = nCuO = x (mol) BTNT Fe: nFe2\uf028SO4 \uf0293 = 1 nFeO = 0,5.y (mol) 2 BTNT S: nn = +H2SO4 nSO2 = n CuSO4 + 3. nFe2 \uf028SO4 \uf029 3 + nSO2 SO4 \uf028mu\u00e8i\uf029 = x + 1,5y + 2,24 = x + 1,5y + 0,1 (mol) 22,4 n =H2SO4 nH2O = x + 1,5y + 0,1 (mol) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110L BTKL ta c\u00f3: mY + mH2SO4 = mmu\u1ed1i + mH2O + mSO2 \uf0db 14,4 + 98.(x + 1,5y + 0,1) = 160x + 200y + 18.(x + 1,5y + 0,1) + 0,1.x \uf0db x + y = 0,2 (II) T\u1eeb (I) v\u00e0 (II) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7: \uf07b \uf0de \uf07b80x + 72y = 15,6 x = 0,15 x + y = 0,2 y = 0,05 V\u1eady ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong X l\u00e0: %mCuO = 0,15.80 .100% = 76,92% ; %mFeO = 100% - 76,92% \uf03d 23,08% 15,6 C\u00e2u 4. ( 2,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 4,8575 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m BaCl2, NaCl, MgCl2 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Cho 125 ml dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 1M v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho 4,5 gam Mg v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 3,9 gam. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung \u0111\u1ecbch D, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,8 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 1. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A, C. 2. T\u00ednh % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i mu\u1ed1i trong X. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. PTHH: BaCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(NO3)2 + 2AgCl \uf0af (1) NaCl + AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaNO3 + AgCl \uf0af (2) MgCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgCl \uf0af (3) K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 AgCl. Cho 4,5 gam Mg v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a AgNO3 d\u01b0. Dung d\u1ecbch B g\u1ed3m: Ba(NO3)2 ; NaNO3; Mg(NO3)2; AgNO3 d\u01b0. PTHH: Mg + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag \uf0af (4) Cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C gi\u1ea3m 3,9 gam ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf C ch\u1ee9a Ag v\u00e0 Mg d\u01b0 \uf0de mMg d\u01b0 = 3,9 (gam) \uf0de mMg (4) = 4,5 \u2013 3,9 = 0,6 gam \uf0de nMg (4) = 0,6 = 0,025 (mol) 24 Theo PT (4) ta c\u00f3: nAgNO3\uf0284\uf029 = nAg(4) = 2. nMg (4) = 2.0,025 = 0,05 (mol) nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0284\uf029 = nMg (4) = 0,025 (mol) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 510","\uf0de mC = mAg(4) + mMg d\u01b0 = 0,05.108 + 3,9 = 9,3 (gam) Theo PT (1); (2); (3) ta c\u00f3: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: nn n nAgNO3 \uf0281,2,3\uf029 = AgCl \uf0281,2,3\uf029 = AgNO3 - AgNO3\uf0284\uf029 = 0,125.1 \u2013 0,05 = 0,075 (mol) V\u1eady mA = mAgCl (1,2,3) = 0,075.143,5 = 10,7625 (gam) 2. Dung d\u1ecbch D g\u1ed3m: Ba(NO3)2 ; NaNO3; Mg(NO3)2; cho KOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Mg(OH)2 PTHH: Mg(NO3)2 + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + 2KNO3 (5) Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + H2O (6) Ta c\u00f3: n MgO = 1, 8 = 0, 045 (mol) 40 Theo PT (5) v\u00e0 (6) ta c\u00f3: nMg\uf028NO3\uf029 2 \uf0285\uf029 = nMg\uf028OH\uf029 2 = nMgO = 0,045 (mol) Ta c\u00f3: nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0285\uf029 = nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0284\uf029 + nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0283\uf029 \uf0de nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0283\uf029 = nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0285\uf029 - nMg\uf028NO3 \uf029 2 \uf0284\uf029 = 0,045 \u2013 0,025 = 0,02 (mol) Theo PT (3) ta c\u00f3: nMgCl 2 \uf0283\uf029 = nMg\uf028NO3\uf029 2 \uf0283\uf029 = 0,02 (mol) nAgNO3\uf0283\uf029 \uf03d 2 . nMg\uf028NO3\uf029 2 \uf0283\uf029 = 2.0,02 = 0,04 (mol) G\u1ecdi nBaCl2 = x (mol) ; nNaCl = y (mol) Ta c\u00f3 : nAgNO3\uf0281\uf029 + nAgNO3\uf0282\uf029 = nAgNO3 (1,2,3) \uf02d nAgNO3\uf0283\uf029 \uf0db 2x \uf02b y \uf03d 0,075 - 0,04 \uf03d 0,035 (I) mBaCl2 + mNaCl = mX - mMgCl2 = 4,8575 \u2013 0,02.95 = 2,9575 \uf0db 208x \uf02b 58,5y = 2,9575 (II) T\u1eeb (I) v\u00e0 (II) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 PT sau: \uf0ec2x \uf02b y \uf03d 0,035 \uf0de \uf0ecx= 0,01 \uf0ed\uf0ee208x \uf02b 58,5y = 2,9575 \uf0ed\uf0eey = 0,015 \uf0de mBaCl2 = 0,01.208 = 2,08 (gam) mNaCl = 0,015.58,5 = 0,8775 (gam) Ph\u1ea7m tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: %mBaCl2 \uf03d 2,08 .100% \uf03d 42,82% 4,8575 %mNaCl \uf03d 0,8775 .100% \uf03d 18,06% 4,8575 %mMgCl2 = 100% - 42,82% - 18,06% = 39,12% C\u00e2u 5. (2,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Na, Na2O, K, K2O, Ba, BaO (trong \u0111\u00f3 oxi chi\u1ebfm 8,75% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a X) v\u00e0o H2O, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 1,568 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u1edf \u0111ktc). Tr\u1ed9n 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m HCl 0,2M v\u00e0 H2SO4 0,15M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch Z. \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u1ea7n 40 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c a gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh m v\u00e0 a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad (1) Na2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH (2) 2K + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH + H2 \uf0ad (3) K2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH (4) Ba + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2 \uf0ad (5) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 511","BaO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 (6) Dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m: NaOH; KOH; Ba(OH)2. G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Y l\u00e0: MOH (M l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c kim lo\u1ea1i). G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n cho HCl; H2SO4 l\u00e0 HA ( A: l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c axit) T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol HA trung h\u00f2a h\u1ebft 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0: nHA = nHCl + nHCl (40 ml) + 2. nH2SO4 = 0,2.0,2 + 0,04.1 + 2.0,15.0,2 = 0,14 (mol) PTHH: MOH + HA \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MA + H2O \uf0de nMOH (200 ml) = nHA = 0,14 (mol) \uf0de S\u1ed1 mol MOH trong 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0: nMOH (400 ml) = 0,28 (mol) Ta c\u00f3: nMOH = nO (MOH) = nH (MOH) = 0,28 (mol) BTNT H ta c\u00f3: nH\uf028H2O\uf029 = nH (MOH) + 2 nH\uf028H2\uf029 = 0,28 + 2. 1,568 = 0,42 (mol) 22,4 \uf0de nO\uf028H2O\uf029 = nH2O = 1 = 1 .0,42 = 0,21 (mol) 2 .nH\uf028H2O\uf029 2 BTNT O ta c\u00f3: nO (X) = nO (MOH) - nO\uf028H2O\uf029 = 0,28 \u2013 0,21 = 0,07 (mol) M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3: %mO (X) = 8,75% \uf0de mX = 0,07.16.100 = 12,8 (gam) 8,75 V\u1eady m = 12,8 (gam) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110L BTKL ta c\u00f3: mX + mH2 O = mY + mH2 \uf0de mY = mX + mH2 O - mH2 mY = 12,8 + 0,21.18 - 2. 1,568 = 16,44 (gam) 22,4 V\u1eady a = 16,44 (gam) C\u00e2u 6. ( 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Cho 13,52 gam ch\u1ea5t X tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong 50 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Trung h\u00f2a dung d\u1ecbch Y c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 200 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 6,4%. Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ba(NO3)2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o Y, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ea5y t\u00e1ch ra 37,28 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng tan trong HNO3. 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a X. 2.T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 % c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch Y. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. V\u00ec Y tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi NaOH n\u00ean Y l\u00e0 axit G\u1ecdi CT c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0 HnA (A l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c axit c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n) Ta c\u00f3: nNaOH = 200.6,4 = 0,32 (mol) 100.40 PTP\u01af: HnA + nNaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NanA + nH2O mol 0,32 0,32 n nBa(NO3)2 + 2HnA \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BanA2 + 2nHNO3 mol 0,32 0,16 n n \uf0de 0,16 .(137n + 2.A) = 37,28 \uf0de A = 48.n n N\u1ebfu n = 1 \uf0de A = 48 ( lo\u1ea1i); n = 2 \uf0de A = 96 (SO4) ( nh\u1eadn) n = 3 \uf0de A = 144 (lo\u1ea1i). V\u1eady CTHH c\u1ee7a axit Y l\u00e0 H2SO4 Suy ra CTHH c\u1ee7a X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: SO3 ho\u1eb7c H2SO4 ho\u1eb7c H2SO4.nSO3 X\u00e9t 3 TH sau: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 512","+) N\u1ebfu X l\u00e0 SO3: nSO3 = 13,52 = 0,169 (mol) 80 PTHH: SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 (1) 0,169 mol 0,169 mol PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O (2) 0,16 mol 0,32 mol T\u1eeb PT (1) v\u00e0 (2) ta c\u00f3: nH2SO4 \uf0281\uf029 \uf0b9 nH2SO4 \uf0282\uf029 (lo\u1ea1i) +) N\u1ebfu X l\u00e0 H2SO4: nH2SO4 \uf03d 13,52 = 0,138 (mol) \uf0b9 0,16 (mol) n\u00ean TH n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i 98 +) N\u1ebfu X l\u00e0 H2SO4.nSO3: n =H2SO4 .nSO3 13,52 (mol) 98 + 80.n PT: H2SO4.nSO3 + nH2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (n +1) H2SO4 0,16 mol 0,16 mol n \uf02b1 \uf0de 0,16 = 13,52 \uf0de n = 3. V\u1eady CTHH th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0: H2SO4.3SO3 n \uf02b1 98 + 80.n 2. Ta c\u00f3: mdd Y = 13,52 + 50 = 63,52 (gam) N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ch\u1ea5t tan c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0: C%H2SO4 = 0,16.98 .100% = 24,69% 63,52 C\u00e2u 7. (\u0111i\u1ec3m) Chia 24 gam oxit kim lo\u1ea1i MO th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau. Ph\u1ea7n 1: H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCI d\u01b0, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25,65 gam mu\u1ed1i X duy nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n 2: H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 37,5 gam mu\u1ed1i Y duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y. Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a X < 175, c\u1ee7a Y < 255. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i M\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n MO c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 12 (gam) X\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n 1: MO + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MCl2 + H2O (1) Ta c\u00f3: nMO = 12 (mol) ; n MCl2 \uf03d 25,65 (mol) M + 16 M + 71 X\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n 2: MO + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MSO4 + H2O (2) Ta c\u00f3: n MSO4 \uf03d 37,5 (mol) M + 96 Theo PT (1) v\u00e0 (2) ta c\u00f3: 37,5 \uf03d 28,65 \uf0de M = 9,93 (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n) M + 96 M + 71 Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf mu\u1ed1i X v\u00e0 Y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc: G\u1ecdi CTPT c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm c\u1ee7a 2 mu\u1ed1i X, Y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: MCl2.aH2O; MSO4.bH2O (a,b \uf0ce N* ) Ta c\u00f3: BTNT Mg: nMO = n MCl2 .aH2O hay 12 = 25,65 \uf0deM = 216.a + 441,6 (I) M + 16 M + 71+18.a 13,65 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c theo b\u00e0i ra: X < 175 \uf0de M + 71 + 18.a < 175 \uf0de 216.a + 441,6 + 71 + 18.a < 175 \uf0de a 13,65 < 2,12: V\u1edbi a = 1 thay v\u00e0o (I) ta c\u00f3: M = 48,18 (lo\u1ea1i); a = 2 thay v\u00e0o (I) ta c\u00f3: M = 64 (Cu) v\u1eady kim lo\u1ea1i M l\u00e0 Cu CTPT c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i X l\u00e0 CuCl2.2H2O CTPT c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0: CuSO4.bH2O GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 513","BTNT Cu: nCuO = = 12 nCuSO4 .bH2O = 0,15 (mol) 80 37,5 = 250 (g\/mol) (th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n Y < 255) hay 160 + b.18 = 250 \uf0de b = 5 M =CuSO4.bH2O 0,15 V\u1eady CTPT c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0: CuSO4.5H2O C\u00e2u 8. ( 2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho 3,64 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m oxit, hidroxit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cabonat c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 117,6 gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 10% thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 448 ml m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (\u1edf \u0111ktc) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 10,867%, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol\/l c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 0,543M v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 1,09 g\/cm. T\u00ednh % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong X. 2. D\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (y gam) v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed CO2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x (l\u00edt) (\u1edf \u0111ktc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb sau. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. Ta c\u00f3: n H2SO4 \uf03d 117,6.10 = 0,12 (mol); nCO2 = 448 = 0,02 (mol) 98.100 22,4.1000 Do dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan n\u00ean H2SO4 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: mdd = 3,64 +117,6 \u2013 0,02.44 = 120,36 (gam) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: 10,867.120,36 = 13,08 (gam) 100 Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: Vdd = 120,36 = 110,42 (ml) 1,09 S\u1ed1 mol ch\u1ea5t tan trong dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: nmu\u1ed1i = 0,543.110,42 = 0,06 (mol) 1000 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: M = 13,08 = 218 (g\/mol) 0,06 BT nh\u00f3m SO4 ta c\u00f3: nSO4 \uf028H2SO4 \uf029 \uf03d nSO4 \uf028mu\u00e8i\uf029 = nH2SO4 = 0,12 (mol) \uf0de trong mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m SO4 l\u00e0: 0,12 = 2 0,06 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: Theo gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m SO4 n\u00ean CTPT l\u00e0: M(HSO4)2 Hay ta c\u00f3: M + 2.( 1 + 32 + 16.4) = 218 \uf0de M = 24 (Mg) V\u1eady kim lo\u1ea1i M l\u00e0 Mg v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgCO3 . PTHH: MgO + 2H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(HSO4)2 + H2O (1) a 2a mol Mg(OH)2 + 2H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(HSO4)2 + H2O (2) b 2b mol MgCO3 + 2H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(HSO4)2 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (3) G\u1ecdi nMgO = a (mol); nMg\uf028OH\uf0292 = b (mol) (a, b > 0) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 514","Theo PT (3): nMgCO3 = nCO2 = 0,02 (mol) \uf0de mMgCO3 = 0,02.84 = 1,68 (gam) nH2SO4 \uf0283\uf029 = 2. nCO2 = 0,04 (mol) \uf0de n +H2SO4 \uf0281\uf029 nH2SO4 \uf0282\uf029 = 0,12 \u2013 0,04 = 0,08 (mol) Hay 2a + 2b = 0,08 \uf0de a + b = 0,04 (I) Theo b\u00e0i ra: mX = mMgO + mMg\uf028OH\uf029 2 + mMgCO3 = 3,64 (gam) \uf0de mMgO + mMg\uf028OH\uf0292 = mX - mMgCO3 = 3,64 \u2013 1,68 = 1,96 (gam) \uf0de 40a + 84b = 1,96 (II) a + b = 0,04 a = 0,02 (mol) b = 0,02 (mol) \uf07b \uf0de \uf07bT\u1eeb (I) v\u00e0 (II) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 PT: 40a + 58b = 1,96 V\u1eady th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong X l\u00e0: %mMgO = 0,02.40 .100% = 21,98%; % mMg\uf028OH\uf029 2 = 0,02.58 .100% = 31,87% 3,64 3,64 % mMgCO3 = 100% - 43,96% - 31,87% = 46,15% 2. Khi cho CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o Ba(OH)2 c\u00f3 2 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra: PTHH: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O (1) CO2 + BaCO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 (2) T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb ta th\u1ea5y: - X\u00e9t t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m: VCO2 = a (l\u00edt) th\u00ec mBaCO3 = 3m (gam) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) Theo PT (1): nCO2 = nBaCO3 \uf0de a = 3m (I) 22,4 197 - X\u00e9t t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m: VCO2 = a + b (l\u00edt) th\u00ec mBaCO3 = 4m (gam) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) Theo PT (1): nCO2 = nBaCO3 \uf0de a+b = 4m (II) 22,4 197 T\u1eeb (I) v\u00e0 (II) suy ra: a = 3b (*) - T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m: VCO2 = a + 3,36 (l\u00edt) \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan Theo \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb ta th\u1ea5y: VCO2\uf0282\uf029 = a + 3,36 \u2013 (a + b) = 3,36 \u2013 b (l\u00edt) mBaCO3\uf0282\uf029 = 4m \u2013 2m = 2m (g) Theo PT (2) ta c\u00f3: nCO2\uf0282\uf029 = nBaCO3\uf0282\uf029 \uf0de 3,36 - b = 2m \uf0de 3,36 - b = 4m (III) 22,4 197 11,2 197 \uf07b \uf0de \uf07ba = 3b a = 3,36 a + 3b = 6,72 b = 1,12 Thay a = 3,36 v\u00e0o (I) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: m = 9,85 (gam). V\u1eady gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m l\u00e0 9,85 (gam) --- H\u1ebeT --- GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 515","B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 T\u1ec8NH QU\u1ea2NG TR\u1eca N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2019 - 2020 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u 1. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. C\u00f3 4 kim lo\u1ea1i A, B, C, D \u0111\u1ee9ng sau Mg trong d\u00e3y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: A v\u00e0 B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hi\u0111ro, C v\u00e0 D kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl, B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng A, D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a C v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng C. H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo chi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn 3 dung d\u1ecbch: H3PO4 6% (D=1,03 gam\/ml), H3PO4 4% (D=1,02 gam\/ml), H3PO4 2% (D=1,01 gam\/ml) theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 1: 3: 2 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. 3. Cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Ba, BaO, Al v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xong, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,135 mol hi\u0111ro, dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 0,54 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 110 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M v\u00e0o Y, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xong, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,46 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m: B \u2192 A \u2192 D \u2192 C A + x HCl \u2192 AClx + x\/2H2 B + y HCl \u2192 ACly + y\/2H2 xB + yAClx \u2192 xBCly + yA zD + tCClz \u2192 zDClt + tC 2) - G\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch H3PO4 6% l\u00e0 V ml \uf0de Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch H3PO4 4% v\u00e0 H3PO4 2% l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 3V ml v\u00e0 2V ml - Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch H3PO4 6%, H3PO4 4% v\u00e0 H3PO4 2% l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: 1,03V gam, 3,06V gam, 2,02V gam \uf0de C% 22, 46V 100% 3,68% 100 6,11V 3) Do t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn n\u00ean Al d\u01b0: Ba + 2H2O \u2192 Ba(OH)2 + H2 (1) BaO + H2O \u2192 Ba(OH)2 (2) 2Al+Ba(OH)2+2H2O\u2192Ba(AlO2)2+3H2 (3) Ba(AlO2)2 + 2HCl + 2H2O \u2192 2Al(OH)3 + BaCl2 (4) Al(OH)3 + 3HCl \u2192 AlCl3 + 3H2O (5) Do nAl(OH)3 = 0,07 mol < nHCl=0,11 mol \uf0de K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Theo (4,5): nHCl=8n(Ba(AlO2)2) \u2013 3nAl(OH)3 (c\u00f2n) \uf0de 0,11= 8n(Ba(AlO2)2) \u2013 0,07.3 \uf0de n(Ba(AlO2)2) = 0,04 mol \uf0de nAl=0,08 mol \uf0de nH2 (1) = nBa = 0,135 \u2013 0,08.1,5 = 0,015 mol \uf0de nBaO = 0,04 \u2013 0,015 =0,025 mol V\u1eady: m = 0,015.137 + 0,025.153 + 0,08.27 + 0,54 =8,58 gam C\u00e2u 2. (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CaO \u2192 Baz\u01a1 1 \u2192 Baz\u01a1 2 \u2192 Baz\u01a1 3 \u2192 Baz\u01a1 4. Ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) S\u1ee5c H2S v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: FeCl3, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. b) Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: KCl, NaBr, NaI, FeS l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng. 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al v\u00e0 Fe. Cho 11 gam X v\u00e0o 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl aM (d\u01b0 20%), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,4 mol H2. N\u1ebfu cho 11 gam X v\u00e0o 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Cu(NO3)2 bM v\u00e0 AgNO3 cM, thu GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 516","\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 48 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn R g\u1ed3m 3 kim lo\u1ea1i. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 R v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,05 mol H2. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh a, b, c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) A: CaO \u2192 Ca(OH)2 \u2192NaOH \u2192 Fe(OH)2 \u2192 Fe(OH)3 CaO + H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 2NaOH + CaCO3 2NaOH + FeCl2 \u2192 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \u2192 4Fe(OH)3 2) H2S + 2FeCl3 \u2192 2FeCl2 + S + 2HCl 3H2S + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 4S + 4H2O ho\u1eb7c H2S + 3H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 4SO2 + 4H2O KCl + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 KHSO4 + HCl 2NaBr + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 Na2SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 8NaI + 5H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 4Na2SO4 + H2S + 4I2 + 4H2O 2FeS + 10H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 + 10H2O 3) 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1) Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 (2) \u0110\u1eb7t x, y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Al v\u00e0 Fe trong 11 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X h\u1ec7 \uf0ec\uf0ef27x \uf02b 56y \uf03d 11 \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 2 mol Theo (1, 2) v\u00e0 b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3 sau: \uf0ed 3x \uf0ed\uf0eey \uf03d 0,1 mol \uf0ee\uf0ef 2 \uf02b y \uf03d 0, 4 Ta c\u00f3: nHCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng = 3x + 2y = 0,8 mol \uf0de nHCl ban \u0111\u1ea7u= 0,8.120 \uf03d 0, 96mol \uf0de CM(HCl) \uf03da \uf03d 0, 96 \uf03d 1, 92M 100 0, 5 Do R g\u1ed3m 3 kim lo\u1ea1i \uf0de Fe d\u01b0, Al, AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2: h\u1ebft \uf0de nFe(d\u01b0) = 0,05 mol \uf0de nFe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng =0,1 \u2013 0,05 = 0,05 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 Al + 3AgNO3 \u2192 Al(NO3)3 +3Ag (3) N\u1ebfu Al h\u1ebft theo (3) th\u00ec mAg=0,6. 108= 64,8 >48 gam \uf0de AgNO3 (3) : h\u1ebft 2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2 \u2192 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Cu (4) Fe + Cu(NO3)2 \u2192 Fe(NO3)2 + Cu (5) G\u1ecdi nAgNO3 = z mol, nCu(NO3)2 = t mol Ta co\u00f9 he\u00e4: \uf0ef\uf0ec108z \uf02b 64t \uf03d 48 \uf02d 0, 05.56 \uf0de \uf0ecz \uf03d 0,3 mol \uf0edz 2(t \uf02d 0, 05) \uf03d 0,2 \uf0ee\uf0edt \uf03d 0,2 mol \uf0ee\uf0ef 3 \uf02b 3 V\u1eady: c= CM (AgNO3) = 1,5 mol\/l\u00edt, b=CM(Cu(NO3)2) = 1mol\/l\u00edt C\u00e2u 3. (5,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Cu v\u00e0 Ag t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng. Kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00ed oxi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t V2O5 sau \u0111\u00f3 nung n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. D\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2. \u0110\u1ed1t 20 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Mg, Fe trong kh\u00ed Clo thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho Y v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 2 gam kim lo\u1ea1i. Dung d\u1ecbch Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,24 mol KMnO4 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Fe trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X1 g\u1ed3m MgCO3 v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i R (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n). Nung 15,48 gam X1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu h\u00f2a tan v\u1eeba h\u1ebft 15,48 gam X1 c\u1ea7n 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HCl 1,2M v\u00e0 H2SO4 0,24M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z1 bay ra. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i R v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Z so v\u1edbi H2. Cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 4. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 49,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p N g\u1ed3m Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 b\u1eb1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch T v\u00e0 0,4 mol SO2. N\u1ebfu cho 49,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p N t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 517","d\u1ecbch HNO3 d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NO v\u00e0 NO2 v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol l\u00e0 1 : 1. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p N, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i trong T v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) Cu + 2H2SO4 \u0111 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 2Ag + 2H2SO4\u0111 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Ag2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 2 SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beV\uf0be2O\uf0be5\uf0be,to\uf0be\uf0ae 2 SO3 SO2 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO3 + 2H2O SO3 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + 2H2O 2) Mg + Cl2 \u2192 MgCl2 (1) 2Fe + 3Cl2 \u2192 2FeCl3 (1) Mg + 2FeCl3 \u2192 MgCl2 + 2FeCl2 (3) , Fe + 2FeCl3 \u2192 3FeCl2 \uf0de Y: MgCl2 (x mol), FeCl2 (y mol) 5MgCl2 +2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4\u21925MgSO4 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 +8H2O + 5Cl2 (4) 10FeCl2+6KMnO4+24H2SO4\u219210Cl2+5Fe2(SO4)3+24H2O+6MnSO4+3K2SO4(5) Ta c\u00f3 : \uf0ef\uf0ec24x \uf02b 56y \uf03d 18 \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 33 mol \uf0de mFe= 56.0,18 +2 =12,08 gam \uf0ed 2x 3y 0, 24 \uf0ee\uf0edy \uf03d 0,18 mol \uf0ee\uf0ef 5 \uf02b 5 \uf03d 3) G\u1ecdi nMgCO3= x mol, nR= y mol trong 15,48 gam X1 \u0110\u1eb7t H2SO4 b\u1eb1ng HX, G\u1ecdi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit l\u00e0 HX \uf0de n HX =(0,48 + 1,2) 0,5=0,84 MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + CO2 (1) 4R + nO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2R2On (2) MgCO3 + 2 HX \u2192 Mg X2 + CO2 + H2O (3) R + n HX \u2192 R Xn + n\/2 H2 (4) \uf0ec40x \uf02b (R \uf02b 8n)y \uf03d 15 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,12 \uf0ecn \uf03d 3 \uf0ef\uf0ed84x \uf02b Ry \uf03d15, 48 \uf0ed\uf0efRy \uf03d 5, 4 \uf0ed\uf0eeR \uf03d 27(Al) Theo (1 \uf0ae 4) : \uf0ee\uf0ef2x \uf02b ny \uf03d 0,84 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0eeny \uf03d 0,6 \uf0de R \uf03d 9n \uf0de Ta c\u00f3 dZ\/H2 \uf03d 44.0,12 \uf02b 0,3.2 \uf03d 7 (0,12 \uf02b 0,3).2 4) G\u1ecdi x mol Fe v\u00e0 y mol O trong 49,6 gam N S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: N + 6H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O (1) BT O : y + 4( 3 x+0,4) = 12. x +0,4.2+ ( 3 x+0,4) 2 22 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: ta c\u00f3 56x+16y=49,6 \uf0de x = 0,7 mol ; y = 0,65mol %(m)O= 0.65.16 .100%=20,97% v\u00e0 m Fe2(SO4)3 l\u00e0 : 0, 7 .400=140 gam 49, 6 2 M(Kh\u00ed) = 30.1\uf02b 46.1 \uf03d 38 , n(Kh\u00ed) = z mol 2 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: Z + HNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + NO2 + H2O (2) BT kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 49,6 + 63(0,7.3+z)=0,7.242+38z + 18(0, 7.3 \uf02b z) \uf0de z=0,4 mol 2 C\u00e2u 4. (6,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (A2 l\u00e0 axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea5m \u0103n): A1 + O2 \uf0ae A2 + H2O A1 \uf0ae A3 + H2O A2 + Na \uf0ae A4 + H2 A3 \uf0ae A5 (polime) A2 + A6 \uf0ae A7 (\u0111a ch\u1ee9c) + H2O A7 + NaOH (d\u01b0) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae ... GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 518","2. \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m H2 v\u00e0 anken (CnH2n), x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol l\u00e0 1 : 1, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 17,6. T\u00ecm CnH2n, bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u00ean 50%. 3. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p N g\u1ed3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u metylic, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 glixerol, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,7 mol CO2 v\u00e0 1 mol H2O. Bi\u1ebft trong 80 gam N c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 0,6 mol glixerol. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p N. 4. Cho 65,08 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m (C17H33COO)3C3H5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t este RCOOR\u2019 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 160 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 2M. Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y ch\u1ee9a 2 r\u01b0\u1ee3u no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft Y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,32 mol CO2 v\u00e0 0,52 mol H2O. Vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm RCOOR\u2019. 5. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M g\u1ed3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u A no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf v\u00e0 axit cacboxylic B no, hai ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 23,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 19,8 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu cho 23,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi natri, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,2 mol H2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A, B. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) C2H5OH + O2 \uf0bem\uf0bee\uf0ben g\uf0beia\uf0be\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH + H2O C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 ,17\uf0be0o \uf0ae C2H4 + H2O 2CH3COOH + 2Na \u21922 CH3COONa + H2 n CH2= CH2 \uf0be\uf0bext,t\uf0be0,p\uf0be\uf0ae [- CH2- CH2-]n 2CH3COOH + C2H4(OH)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2\uf0be\uf0beSO\uf0be\uf0be4\uf0be,\uf0be\u00f1\uf0bea\uf0be\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0beno\uf0be\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (CH3COO)2C2H4 + H2O (CH3COO)2C2H4 + 2NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CH3COONa + C2H4(OH)2 2) CnH2n + H2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae CnH2n + 2 0 Ban \u0111\u1ea7u: 11 P\u01b0: hh Sau: 1-h 1-h h Ta c\u00f3: 14n \uf02b 2 \uf03d 2.17,6 2\uf02dh \uf0de 0,5 \uf03c h \uf03d 34,2 \uf02d 7n \uf03c1\uf0de 2,37 \uf03c n \uf03c 3,63 \uf0de n \uf03d 3 \uf0de C3H6 17,6 3) G\u1ecdi x, y, x l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CH3OH, C2H5OH v\u00e0 C3H8O3 trong m gam N Ba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 k = 0 \uf0ae nN =nH2O-nCO2 =1-0,7=0,3 mol CH3OH+3\/2O2\u2192CO2+2H2O C2H5OH+3O2\u21922CO2+2H2O C3H8O3+7\/2O2\u21923CO2+4H2O \uf0ec \uf0efx \uf02b y \uf02b z \uf03d 0,3 \uf0ef \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 05 Ta co\u00f9 he\u00e4: \uf0edx \uf02b 2y \uf02b 3z \uf03d 0, 7 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edy \uf03d 0,1 \uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0efz \uf03d 0,15 \uf0ef 32x \uf02b 46y \uf02b 92z \uf03d z \uf0ee 80 0, 6 4) G\u1ecdi n (C17H33COO)3C3H5 = x mol, nRCOO R\/= y mol (C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3C17H33COONa + C3H5(OH)3 (1) RCOOR\/ + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae RCOONa + R\/OH (2) CnH2n+2Oz + (3n + 1 \u2013z)\/2 O2 \uf0ae nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O (3) Ta co\u00f9 he\u00e4: \uf0ec3x \uf02b y \uf03d 0,32 \uf03d 0, 2 \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 06 mol \uf0ed\uf0eex\uf02b y \uf02b \uf03d 0,52 \uf02d 0,32 \uf0ed\uf0eey = 0,14 mol GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 519","Ta c\u00f3: 884.0,06 + (R + 44 + R\/).0,14 = 65,08 \uf0de R + R\/ = 42 \uf0de C3H6 \uf0de RCOOR\u2019 : C2H3COOCH3 5) G\u1ecdi A CnH2n+2O: x mol (ROH), B l\u00e0 CmH2m-2O4: y mol hay R\/(COOH)2 ROH + Na \u2192 RONa + 1\/2H2 (1) R\/(COOH)2 + 2Na \u2192 R\/(COONa)2 + H2 (2) CnH2n+2O + 3n\/2O2 \u2192 nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O (3) CmH2m-2O4 + (3m \u2013 5)\/2O2 \u2192 mCO2 + (m -1)H2O (4) \uf0ecx \/ 2 \uf02b y \uf03d 0, 2 \uf0ec(x \uf02b y) \uf02b y \uf03d 0, 4 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ed(n \uf02b1)x \uf02b (m \uf02d1)y \uf03d 1,1 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0ef(nx \uf02b my) \uf02b (x \uf02b y) \uf02d 2y \uf03d 1,1 \uf0ee\uf0ef(14n \uf02b18)x \uf02b (14m \uf02b 62)y \uf03d 23,8 \uf0ee\uf0ef14(nx \uf02b my) \uf02b18(x \uf02b y) \uf02b 44y \uf03d 23, 8 \uf0ec(nx \uf02b my) \uf03d 1 \uf0ec0, 2n \uf02b 0,1m \uf03d 1 \uf0ef\uf0edx \uf02b y \uf03d 0,3 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edx \uf03d 0, 2 \uf0de 2n \uf02b m \uf03d 10 \uf0ef\uf0eey \uf03d 0,1 \uf0ef\uf0eey \uf03d 0,1 n 123 4 2 m 864 C4H9OH C2H2O4 A CH3OH C2H5OH C3H7OH B C8H14O4 C6H10O4 C4H8O4 --- H\u1ebeT --- B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 520 T\u1ec8NH QU\u1ea2NG B\u00ccNH N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2019 - 2020 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u 1. (1,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) khi : a. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb qua n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. b. Cho axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1 (C12H22O11) c. Cho m\u1eabu Ba v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a CuSO4. d. Cho dung d\u1ecbch K2HPO4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. e. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KHCO3. f. Cho dung d\u1ecbch KHSO4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O; CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 b. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1 b\u1ecb h\u00f3a than chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang m\u00e0u \u0111en, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. C12H22O11 \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \uf0ae 12C + 11H2O; C + 2H2SO4 \uf0ae CO2\uf0ad + 2SO2\uf0ad + 2H2O c. M\u1eabu Ba tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u xanh: Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2\uf0ad Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4\uf0af + Cu(OH)2\uf0af d. Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u: 3K2HPO4 + 3NaOH \uf0ae 2K3PO4 + Na3PO4 + 3H2O e. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng Ba(OH)2 + 2KHCO3 \uf0ae BaCO3\uf0af + K2CO3 + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + K2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3\uf0af + 2KOH f. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng: KHSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4\uf0af + KCl + HCl GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH","C\u00e2u 2. ( 2,25 \u0111i\u1ec3m) (3) (4) 1. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 (2) thu kh\u00ed SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. a. N\u00eau t\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. b. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t A, B. c. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch D, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. (1) (5) 2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi A, B, D, E v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): A (2) D (3) FeSO4 (4) (1) Fe Fe (8) (5) (6) E (7) Fe2O3 B H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. a. (1): \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n; (2): B\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u; (3) ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft; (4): \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed; (5): B\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c. b. Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O (ho\u1eb7c: 2NaHSO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2SO2 + 2H2O) c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch D l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed SO2 bay ra. Dung d\u1ecbch D c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2; NaOH... VD: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 + H2O 2. (1) Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 (A) + H2 (2) FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 (D) + 2 NaCl (3) Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + 2H2O (4) Zn + FeSO4 \uf0ae ZnSO4 + Fe (5) 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae 2FeCl3 (B) (6) FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 (E) + 3NaCl (7) 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Fe2O3 + 3H2O (8) Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 C\u00e2u 3. ( 2,25 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i qua than n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15,68 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X (\u0111ktc) g\u1ed3m CO, CO2 v\u00e0 H2. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi CuO (d\u01b0) nung n\u00f3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Ho\u00e0 tan to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Y b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0), nung n\u00f3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,44 l\u00edt kh\u00ed SO2 (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t, \u1edf \u0111ktc). T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed CO trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. Bi\u1ebft than n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc theo c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C + H2O \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO + H2 CO + H2O \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 + H2 2. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NPK c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, KNO3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N, P, K. Tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n NPK \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ghi 14 - 42,6 - 9,4. T\u00ednh % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (NH4)2HPO4 trong m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n tr\u00ean? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 521","1. C + H2O \uf0ae CO + H2 (1) a a (mol) CO + H2O \uf0ae CO2 + H2 (2) b b b (mol) G\u1ecdi a, b l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol CO, CO2 t\u1ea1o ra sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng(1) v\u00e0(2) Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3: s\u1ed1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u00e0 nX = nCO + nCO2 + nH2 = 0,7 \uf0db (a - b) + b + (a + b) = 0,7 \uf0db 2a + b = 0,7 (1) CO + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae Cu + CO2 (a - b) (a - b) (mol) H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O (a + b) (a + b) (mol) \uf0de S\u1ed1 mol Cu trong Y l\u00e0: (a - b) + (a + b) = 2a (mol). Khi cho Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CuO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 2H2SO4\u0111 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 2a 2a (mol) Ta c\u00f3: s\u1ed1 mol SO2 = 2a = 0,6 \uf0de a = 0,3 thay v\u00e0o (1), ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b = 0,1. \uf025VCO = (a \uf02d b) .100% \uf03d (0,3 \uf02d 0,1) .100% \uf0bb 28,57% 0,7 0,7 2. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u1ea5y 100 gam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec, trong lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3: %N = 14%; %P2O5 = 42,6%; %K2O = 9,4%. G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, KNO3 trong 100 gam ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 a, b, c. Ta c\u00f3: %K2O = c \uf0b4 94 \uf0b4100 \uf03d 9, 4 \uf0db c = 0,2 2 \uf0b4100 %P2O5 = (a \uf02b b) \uf0b4142 \uf0b4100 \uf03d 42, 6 \uf0db (a + b) = 0,6 (1) 2 \uf0b4100 %N = (a \uf02b 2b \uf02b c) \uf0b414\uf0b4100 \uf03d 14 \uf0db (a + 2b + c) = 1 \uf0db a + 2b = 0,9 (2) 100 Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (1) v\u00e0 (2) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: a = 0,4; b = 0,2. % (NH4)2HPO4 = 0, 2\uf0b4132 \uf0b4100 \uf03d 26, 4% 100 C\u00e2u 4. ( 2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho 14,7 gam Cu(OH)2 tan trong m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 20% \u0111un n\u00f3ng, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i dung d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 25oC. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4.5H2O t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tan c\u1ee7a CuSO4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25oC l\u00e0 25 gam. 2. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m ba kim lo\u1ea1i Al, Fe, Cu. Cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 (d\u01b0) sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 35,2 gam kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu h\u00f2a tan m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8,96 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc), dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 a gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u00ecm gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. nCu(OH)2 = 14,7 : 98 = 0,15 (mol) Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 522","0,15 \uf0ae 0,15 \uf0ae 0,15 \uf0ae 0,3 (mol) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 20% \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0: 0,15\uf0b4 98\uf0b4100 = 73,5 (gam) 20 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2O trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 20% ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0: 73,5 - 0,15.98 = 58,8 (gam) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4 sinh ra sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0: 0,15.160 = 24 (gam). G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol CuSO4.5H2O k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0 a. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4 trong dung d\u1ecbch sau khi k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0: (24 -160.a) (gam) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2O trong dung d\u1ecbch sau khi k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0: 58,8 + 0,3.18 - 5a.18 = (64,2 - 90a) (gam) Ta c\u00f3: 24 \uf02d160a \uf03d 25 \uf0db a \uf0bb 0,05782 (mol) 64,2 \uf02d 90a 100 \uf0de Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4.5H2O l\u00e0: 0,05782.250 = 14,455 (gam). 2. \u0110\u1eb7t x, y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol Al v\u00e0 Fe trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X: PTHH : 2Al + 3 CuSO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Cu (1) x 1,5.x (mol) Fe + CuSO4 \u2192 FeSO4 + Cu (2) y y (mol) 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 AlCl3 + 3H2 (3) x 3x x 1,5x (mol) Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 (4) y 2y y y (mol) Ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol H2 = 1,5.x + y = 0,4(mol). s\u1ed1 mol HCl ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng = 3x + 2y = 2.0,4 = 0,8 < s\u1ed1 mol HCl ban \u0111\u1ea7u = 1 n\u00ean HCl d\u01b0 ; Al, Fe h\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl. T\u1eeb (3) v\u00e0 (4) ta c\u00f3 : 2 (*) 3 .1,5.x + y = n H2 = 0,4 mol T\u1eeb (1) v\u00e0 (2) ta c\u00f3 : 1,5.x + y = nCu sinh ra = 0,4 mol \uf0de kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Cu trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X ban \u0111\u1ea7u : a = 35,2 \u2013 64. 0,4 = 9,6 (gam) C\u00e2u 5. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Cho m gam Al t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi O2, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n Al ( OH )3 (m + 2,88) gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn X. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c a mol H2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. Nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o Y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Al(OH)3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaOH th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec5u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb a b\u00ean. 0,5a 29a\/6 nNaOH Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c (mol) \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 \u2192 2Al2O3 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Al2O3 + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2O HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H2O 3NaOH + AlCl3 \u2192 3NaCl + Al(OH)3\uf0af NaOH + Al(OH)3 \u2192 NaAlO2 + 2H2O \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta c\u00f3 : mO2 = 2,88 (gam) \uf0de nO2 = 0,09 (mol) 4Al + 3O2 \u2192 2Al2O3 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 523","0,12 \uf0ac 0,09 0,06 (mol) 2Al + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2a 2a a (mol) 33 Al2O3 + 6HCl \u2192 2AlCl3 + 3H2O 0,06 \uf0ae 0,12 (mol) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Al: s\u1ed1 mol AlCl3 trong dung d\u1ecbch Y = s\u1ed1 mol Al ban \u0111\u1ea7u \uf0db m = 0,06.2 + 2a 27 3 \uf0db m = 3,24 + 18a (1) D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y : + Khi nNaOH = 0,5a, HCl v\u1eeba h\u1ebft \uf0de nHCl (Y) = 0,5a (mol). HCl + NaOH \u2192 NaCl + H2O 0,5a \uf0ac 0,5a mol + Khi 0, 5a \uf03c n NaOH \uf03c 29a , m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Al(OH)3 \u0111\u00e3 tan. 6 3NaOH + AlCl3 \u2192 3NaCl + Al(OH)3\uf0af m\uf0acm \uf0ae m 9 27 27 NaOH + Al(OH)3 \u2192 NaAlO2 + 2H2O m \uf02da m \uf02da 27 27 Ta c\u00f3, s\u1ed1 mol NaOH ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng = 0,5a \uf02b m \uf02b m \uf02d a \uf03d 29a \uf0db 4m \uf03d 32a 9 27 6 27 6 \uf0db m = 36a (2) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (1) v\u00e0 (2), ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c : a = 0,18; m = 6,48. ______----H\u1ebeT----____ B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 T\u1ec8NH THANH H\u00d3A N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2018 - 2019 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u 1: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1.1. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. HCl \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae NaCl \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae NaClO3 1.2. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed axetilen v\u00e0o Ag2O trong dung d\u1ecbch NH3. b. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed SO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2S. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1.1. 1. 4HCl + MnO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O 2. Cl2 + 2Na \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2NaCl 3. 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00ae\uf0bepdd\uf0bec\u00e3 m\uf0be\u00afng\uf0beng\u00a8n\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 4. 3Cl2 + 6NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O 1.2. a. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 C2Ag2: C2H2 + Ag2O \uf0beN\uf0beH3\uf0ae C2Ag2 \uf0af + H2O b. Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 S: SO2 + 2H2S \uf0ae 3S \uf0af + 2H2O. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 524","C\u00e2u 2: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 2.1. Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i X v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a. X v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, c\u1ea3 2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. b. X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. 2.2. M\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua (\u1edf \u0111ktc) th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh, kh\u00ed tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ecm n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol\/l v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2.1. a. X l\u00e0 NH4HCO3 ho\u1eb7c (NH4)2CO3 NH4HCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NH4Cl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O NH4HCO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + NH3 \uf0ad + 2H2O b. X l\u00e0 Ca(HCO3)2 ho\u1eb7c Ba(HCO3)2 Ca(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + 2CO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2H2O 2.2. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 22,4 l\u00edt \uf0de nHCl = 22,4 = 1 (mol) \uf0de mHCl = 36,5 g 22,4 \uf0de VH2O = 22,4 l\u00edt \uf0de mH2O = V . d = 22,4 . 1000 . 1 = 22400 (g) ( v\u00ec dn\u01b0\u1edbc = 1g\/ml) CM = n = 1 \uf0bb 0,045 (M) C% = 36,5 . 100% \uf0bb 0,163% . V 22,4 36,5 + 22400 C\u00e2u 3: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 3.1. Cho b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed X2. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o X1 m\u1ed9t \u00edt tinh th\u1ec3 NH4Cl r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a X3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed X4 tho\u00e1t ra. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, X4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 3.2. Cho m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i (CaCO3) v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a 10ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M. C\u1ee9 sau 1 ph\u00fat ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111o th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed CO2 tho\u00e1t ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau: Th\u1eddi gian (ph\u00fat) 0 1 2 34 Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch CO2 (cm3) 0 52 80 91 91 a. T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 3 ph\u00fat? b. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh nh\u1ea5t? c. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 3.1. X1: NaAlO2; X2: H2; X3: Al(OH)3; X4: NH3 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad NaAlO2 + NH4Cl + H2O \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae NaCl + Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NH3 \uf0ad 3.2. a. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m 3 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t trong hai ch\u1ea5t HCl ho\u1eb7c CaCO3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. b. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb 0 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ebfn 1 ph\u00fat l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh nh\u1ea5t. c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0: Khu\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch; Nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i; T\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch HCl; \u0110un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch. C\u00e2u 4: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 4.1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c RH4. Trong oxit cao nh\u1ea5t, R chi\u1ebfm 27,27% theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. a. T\u00ecm R v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 oxi \u1edf tr\u00ean. b. Cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. 4.2. M\u1ed9t l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 MgCl2 ho\u1eb7c MgSO4 ho\u1eb7c ZnSO4. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 525","4.1 a. Do R t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c RH4 n\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R l\u00e0 : RO2 \uf0de %mR = MR = 27,27 \uf0de MR = 12 \uf0de R l\u00e0 C %mO 16 . 2 100 - 27,27 \uf0de C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi hidro v\u00e0 oxi l\u00e0: CH4 v\u00e0 CO2 b. Cacbon c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 6 \uf0de c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n 6+ \uf0de6 + 2e 4e \uf0de C c\u00f3 2 l\u1edbp e, c\u00f3 4e \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng \uf0de \u1edf chu k\u00ec 2, nh\u00f3m 4. 4.2. Ghi s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd r\u1ed3i tr\u00edch \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00edt m\u1eabu th\u1eed cho v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ghi s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH cho t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y: - T\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i sau \u0111\u00f3 tan d\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eadn ra ZnSO4 : ZnSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Zn(OH)2 \uf0af Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O - T\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng tan nh\u1eadn ra : MgCl2, MgSO4 MgSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + Na2SO4 MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl * Tr\u00edch l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 2 m\u1eabu mu\u1ed1i \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00edt thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u1eed v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 th\u1ea5y: - T\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng nh\u1eadn ra MgSO4 : MgSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae MgCl2 + BaSO4 \uf0af . - Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu MgCl2. C\u00e2u 5: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H2SO4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft. Vi\u1ebft PTHH v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch axit H2SO4 98% \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 1 t\u1ea5n qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft ch\u1ee9a 60% FeS2. Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 80%. 2. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 21,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m CH4, C2H2, C2H4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam CO2 v\u00e0 32,4 gam H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, cho 11,2 l\u00edt (\u1edf \u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 0,35 mol Br2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 5.1. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2; 2SO2 + O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeV2O5 2SO3 t0 SO3 + H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 mFeS2 = 1 . 60 = 0,6 (t\u1ea5n) \uf0de nFeS2 = 0,6 . 106 = 5 . 103 (mol) 100 120 BTNT (S) : \uf0de nH2SO4 = 2nFeS2 = 2 . 5 . 103 = 104 (mol) \uf0de mH2SO4 = 104 . 98 g = 0,98 ( t\u1ea5n) Do hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 80% n\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2SO4 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c = 0,98 . 80 = 0,784 (t\u1ea5n) \uf0de mdd H2SO4 = 0,784 . 100 = 0,8 (t\u1ea5n). 100 98 5.2. \u0110\u1eb7t x, y, z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CH4, C2H2, C2H4 trong 21,6 gam X \uf0de 16x + 26y + 28z = 21,6 (I) CH4 + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 + 2H2O x x 2x mol 2C2H2 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 2H2O y 2y y mol C2H4 + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO2 + 2H2O GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 526","z 2z 2z mol Ta c\u00f3 : nH2O = 32,4 = 1,8 (mol) \uf0de 2x + y + 2z = 1,8 (II) 18 - \u1ede ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3 : nX = 11,2 = 0,5 (mol) 22,4 C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 ; C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 \uf0de nBr2 = 2nC2H2 + nC2H4 \uf0de nBr2 = 2y + z = 0,35 \uf0de 7x \u2013 13y \u2013 3z = 0 (III) nX x+y+z 0,5 \uf0ec16x + 26y + 28z = 21,6 \uf0ecx = 0,5 \uf0ef y + 2z = 1,8 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0efy = 0,2 T\u1eeb (I),(II), (III) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 : \uf0ed 2x + \uf0ef\uf0ee 7x - 13y - 3z = 0 \uf0ee\uf0efz = 0,3 \uf0de nCO2 = x + 2y + 2z = 0,5 + 0,2 . 2 + 0,3 . 2 = 1,5 (mol) \uf0de nCO2 = 1,5 . 44 = 66 (g) nX = x + y + z = 0,5 + 0,2 + 0,3 = 1 (mol) \uf0de 0,5 ; 0,2 %VCH4 = 1 . 100% = 50% %VC2H2 = 1 . 100% = 20% %VC2H2 = 100% - 50% - 20% = 30% . C\u00e2u 6: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 27,2 gam g\u1ed3m kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 oxit MxOy. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 0,8 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M th\u00ec h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X tan h\u1ebft thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 4,48 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u1edf\u0111ktc). \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit d\u01b0 trong dung d\u1ecbch A c\u1ea7n 0,6 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1M. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a 2 ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u00e0 1 : 2 v\u00e0 M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II v\u00e0 III trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c MxOy b. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 4,48 a. nH2 = 22,4 = 0,2 (mol) , nHCl = 0,8 . 2 = 1,6 (mol) , nNaOH = 0,6 . 1 = 0,6 (mol) M + 2HCl \uf0ae MCl2 + H2 0,2 0,4 0,2 mol NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O 0,6 0,6 mol \uf0de np\u00ad = 1,6 \u2013 0,6 = 1(mol) HCl MxOy + 2yHCl \uf0ae xMCl2y\/x + yH2O 0,3 0,6 mol y L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a 2 ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u00e0 1 : 2 n\u00ean x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p sau : - TH 1: C\u00f3 nM : nMxOy = 1 : 2 \uf0de nMxOy = 0,4 (mol) \uf0de 0, 3 = 0,4 \uf0de y = 0,075 (lo\u1ea1i) y TH 2: C\u00f3 nM : nMxOy = 2 : 1 \uf0de nMxOy = 0,1 (mol) \uf0de 0,3 = 0,1 \uf0de y = 3 \uf0de x = 2 ( Do M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II v\u00e0 III trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t) y Ta c\u00f3: mX = 0,2M + (2M + 16 . 3) . 0,1 = 27,2 \uf0de M = 56. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit l\u00e0 Fe2O3 b. 0,2 . 56 . 100% = 41,18% , %mFe2O3 = 100% - 41,18% = 58,82% . %mFe = 27,2 C\u00e2u 7: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m hidrocacbon A v\u00e0 oxi c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 7. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y (g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i). Cho ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u1ebft h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 527","h\u1ee3p Y th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z g\u1ed3m 2 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u1ee7a A. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon X l\u00e0 CxHy (v\u1edbi x, y nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng, y \uf0a3 2x + 2) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nA = 1 (mol) \uf0de nO2 = 7 (mol) CxHy + ( x \uf02b y )O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y H2O 42 1 x\uf02by x mol 4 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m 2 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 CO2 v\u00e0 O2 d\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol l\u00e0 1:1 \uf0de nO2d\u00ad \uf03d nCO2 \uf0de 7\u2013(x\uf02b y)=x \uf0de 2x \uf02b y = 7 \uf0de y = 28 \u2013 8x 4 4 K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y \uf0a3 2x + 2 \uf0de 28 \u2013 8x \uf0a3 2x + 2 \uf0de x \uf0b3 2,6 \uf0de x = 3; y = 4 \uf0de C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 C3H4, CTCT: CH \uf0ba C \uf02d CH3 ; CH2 \uf03d C \uf03d CH2 . C\u00e2u 8: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u cacbon ch\u1ee9a 8% t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 b\u1eb1ng oxi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,24 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m 2 kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb A v\u00e0o 40 ml dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 1M v\u00e0 KOH 0,5M, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,91 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. a. Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. b. T\u00ednh m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed oxi (\u0111ktc) \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 (1) 2C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO (2) CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O (3) CO2 + 2KOH \uf0ae K2CO3 + H2O (4) CO2 + H2O + K2CO3 \uf0ae 2KHCO3 (5) CO2 + H2O + BaCO3 \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 (6) b. n =(CO + CO2 ) 2,24 = 0,1 (mol) \uf0de BTNT (C): nC = n(CO + CO2 ) = 0,1 (mol) 22,4 %m C = 100% - 8% = 92%. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu than l\u00e0: 0,1 . 12 . 100% = 1,3 (g) 92% n =Ba(OH)2 0,04 . 1 = 0,04 (mol) ; nKOH = 0,04 . 0,5 = 0,02 (mol) ; 5,91 nBaCO3 = 197 = 0,03 (mol) Ta th\u1ea5y nBa(OH) 2 > nBaCO3 \uf0de c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra 2 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra (3) \uf0de nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0,03 (mol) \uf0de nCO = 1 - 0,03 = 0,07 (mol) 1 Theo (1), (2) ta c\u00f3: nO2 = nCO2 + 2 nCO = 0,03 + 0,035 = 0,065 (mol) \uf0de VO2 \uf03d 0,065 . 22,4 = 1,456 (l\u00edt) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i \u0111a sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3 (3), (4), (5), (6) BTNT (Ba) : nBa(HCO3 )2 = nBa(OH)2 - nBaCO3 = 0,04 \u2013 0,03 = 0,01 (mol) BTNG (K): nKHCO3 = nKOH = 0,02 (mol) BTNT (C): n = n + 2nCO2 Ba(HCO3 )2 + nKHCO3 = 0,03 + 2 . 0,01 + 0,02 = 0,07 (mol) BaCO3 \uf0de nCO = 0,1 \u2013 0,07 = 0,03 (mol) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 528","Theo (1), (2) ta c\u00f3: nO2 = nCO2 + 1 n CO = 0,07 + 0,015 = 0,085 (mol) 2 \uf0de VO2 \uf03d 0,085 . 22,4 = 1,904 (l\u00edt). V\u1eady th\u1ec3 t\u00edch O2 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 1,456 l\u00edt ho\u1eb7c 1,904 l\u00edt. C\u00e2u 9: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u00f2a tan 126 gam tinh th\u1ec3 axit CxHy(COOH)n.2H2O v\u00e0o 115 ml r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic (D = 0,8g\/ml) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. L\u1ea5y 10,9 gam dung d\u1ecbch A cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi Na v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B v\u00e0 3,36 l\u00edt H2 (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ta c\u00f3 mr\u01b0\u1ee3u = V . D = 115 . 0,8 = 92 (g) \uf0de mdd A = 126 + 92 = 218 (g) Ta th\u1ea5y 218 : 10,9 = 20 l\u1ea7n \uf0de Trong 10,9 gam A c\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan 126 : 20 = 6,3 g axit v\u00e0 9,2 : 20 = 4,6 g r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \uf0de nr\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic = 0,1(mol) ; nH2 \uf03d 3, 36 \uf03d 0,15(mol) 22, 4 R(COOH)n + nNa \uf0ae R(COONa)n + 0,5nH2 mol a a 0,5na 2H2O + 2a \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 mol 2a 2a a 2C2H5OH + 2Na \uf0ae 2C2H5ONa + H2 mol 0,1 0,1 0,05 Ta c\u00f3: \uf0ec0,5na + a + 0,05 = 0,15 \uf0de \uf0ec(n+2) . a = 0,2 . a = 6,3 \uf0de R + 45n + 36 = 31,5 \uf0ee\uf0ed(R + 45n + 36) . a = 6,3 \uf0ee\uf0ed(R + 45n + 36) n+2 \uf0de R + 13,5n = 27 \uf0de n = 2; R = 0; a = 0,05 \uf0de C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit (COOH)2 \uf0de mB = m(COONa)2 \uf02b mNaOH \uf02b mC2H5ONa = 67 . 2 . 0,05 + 40 . 2 . 0,05 + 68 . 0,1 = 17,5 (g). C\u00e2u 10: (2 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau: a. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169 trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i. b. \u1ee6 b\u1ebfp than trong nh\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd a. a. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. b. C\u00e1ch thu kh\u00ed axetilen theo h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd thu\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1a. S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169 trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau gi\u1eefa hai mu\u1ed1i CaCO3 v\u00e0 Ca(HCO3)2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i l\u00e0 CaCO3. Khi g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CO2 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, CaCO3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Ca(HCO3)2 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a, ch\u1ea3y qua khe \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ea7n Ca(HCO3)2 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh CaCO3 r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng tan. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2 b. \u1ee6 b\u1ebfp than trong nh\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do than ch\u00e1y b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed oxi t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed CO \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hemoglobin trong m\u00e1u l\u00e0m ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 529","chuy\u1ec3n oxi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1u. N\u1ebfu h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn CO s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n do gi\u1ea3m oxi trong m\u00e1u hay t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong. 2C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO 2. a. A: H2O; B: CaC2; ddE: NaOH. Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed CO2, SO2\u2026 sinh ra do \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng tinh khi\u1ebft. CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 b. C\u00e1ch thu kh\u00ed \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec kh\u00ed axetilen \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. ---H\u1ebeT--- B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 T\u1ec8NH H\u1ea2I D\u01af\u01a0NG N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2018 - 2019 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u 1. ( 4,0\u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho Na2O v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i g\u1ed3m AlCl3 v\u00e0 FeCl2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Z, cho Z v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y Z tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Cho H2 d\u01b0 qua Z nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn M . Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong Y, G, Z, M v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra chu\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. 2. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. Cho m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. b. Cho m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. c. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2. d. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 1,5a mol HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a a mol Na2CO3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) - Cho Na2O v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X: Na2O + H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH 3NaOH + AlCl3 \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NaCl 2NaOH + FeCl2 \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NaOH + Al(OH)3 \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O Do k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nung ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1o r\u1eafn Z, Z tan 1 ph\u1ea7n trong dd KOH d\u01b0, suy ra trong Z c\u00f3 Al2O3 \uf0de trong G c\u00f3 Al(OH)3 v\u00e0 khi cho CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dd Y th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a n\u00ean trong Y c\u00f3 NaAlO2. \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a NaCl v\u00e0 NaAlO2, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G c\u00f3 Al(OH)3 v\u00e0 Fe(OH)2 - Nung G ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i: 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O \uf0de R\u1eafn Z c\u00f3 Al2O3 v\u00e0 Fe2O3. - Cho Z v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 2KOH \uf0ae 2KAlO2 + H2O - Cho H2 d\u01b0 qua Z n\u00f3ng: 3H2 + Fe2O3 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O \uf0de R\u1eafn M c\u00f3 Fe v\u00e0 Al2O3. - Th\u1ed5i CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o Y: CO2 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 2) a. M\u1ea9u Na n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh gi\u1ecdt tr\u00f2n, tan d\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y nhanh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u xanh trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra. 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + Na2SO4 b. M\u1ea9u nh\u00f4m tan d\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u tho\u00e1t ra. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 530","c. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tan d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft, dung d\u1ecbch tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong su\u1ed1t. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + H2O CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 d. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1ea5y b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra: HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae NaHCO3 + NaCl amol a mol a mol \uf0de nd\u00ad = 1,5a \u2013 a = 0,5a \uf0de c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra: HCl HCl + NaHCO3 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2. C\u00e2u 2. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau: Na2SO4, BaCO3, Na2CO3, NaCl, MgCO3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 5 l\u1ecd h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7) 2. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: NaCl, FeCl3, AlCl3. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ed5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) Ghi s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho t\u1eebng l\u1ecd r\u1ed3i tr\u00edch \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd m\u1ed9t \u00edt m\u1eabu th\u1eed r\u1ed3i cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ghi s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng - Nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb 1 \u00edt dd HCl lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u1eabu th\u1eed ( L\u01b0\u1ee3ng HCl thi\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 Na2SO4 v\u00e0 NaCl (Nh\u00f3m 1) + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan h\u1ebft t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 Na2CO3. Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad + Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 ph\u1ea7n, 1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tan h\u1ebft trong dd HCl thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 BaCO3, MgCO3 ( Nh\u00f3m 2) 2BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + Ba(HCO3)2 2MgCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + Mg(HCO3)2 Ba(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 \uf0ad Mg(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 \uf0ad - L\u1ea5y t\u1eebng m\u1eabu \u1edf nh\u00f3m (1) cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o t\u1eebng m\u1eabu \u1edf nh\u00f3m (2) th\u1ea5y: + Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng ta suy ra m\u1eabu \u1edf nh\u00f3m (1) l\u00e0 Na2SO4 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u1edf nh\u00f3m (2) l\u00e0 BaCl2 \uf0de ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nh\u00f3m (2) l\u00e0 BaCO3: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NaCl \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u00f3m (1) l\u00e0 NaCl. Ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u00f3m (2) l\u00e0 MgCl2 \uf0de ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o MgCl2 l\u00e0 MgCO3. 2) H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dd A. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed NH3 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A: FeCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NH4Cl AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NH4Cl - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a NH4Cl, NaCl. Nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n B ta thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i NaCl: NH4Cl \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad + HCl \uf0ad - Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3 cho v\u00e0o dd NaOH d\u01b0, Al(OH)3 tan h\u1ebft t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 Fe(OH)3 kh\u00f4ng tan. Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch Fe(OH)3 kh\u00f4ng tan cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n thu l\u1ea5y FeCl3. Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae FeCl3 + 3H2O - S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CO2 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y Al(OH)3 cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n thu l\u1ea5y AlCl3: Al(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae AlCl3 + 3H2O. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 531","C\u00e2u 3. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 12 gam mu\u1ed1i sunfua c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i R trong kh\u00ed O2 d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft A b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 24,5 % thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 33,33%. Khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1ch ra c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 15,625 gam. Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 22,54%. Bi\u1ebft R ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf tr\u00ean. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh R v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i tinh th\u1ec3 ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc. 2. T\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98% v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf 450 gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 0,5M (d = 1,5g\/ml). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) V\u00ec R c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II n\u00ean c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i sunfua l\u00e0 RS: 2RS + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2RO + 2SO2 (1) \uf0de R\u1eafn A l\u00e0 RO v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B l\u00e0 SO2 RO + H2SO4 \uf0ae RSO4 + H2O (2) \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed RO ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 mol. \uf0de nH2SO4 = nRO = 1 mol \uf0de mH2SO4 = 98 g \uf0de mdd H2SO4 = 98 . 100 = 400 (g) 24,5 \uf0de mdd mu\u00e8i \uf03d mRO + m =dd H2SO4 MR + 16 + 400 = MR + 416 (g), mmu\u00e8i = MR + 96 (g) \uf0de C% \uf03d MR + 96 . 100% = 33,33% \uf0de MR \uf03d 64 V\u1eady R l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng : Cu MR + 416 Mu\u1ed1i sufua l\u00e0 CuS \uf0de n CuS = 12 = 0,125 (mol), nCuSO4 = nCuS = 0,125 (mol) 96 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) = 0,125 . ( 64 + 416 ) = 60 (g) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau khi h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: 60 \u2013 15,625 = 44,375 ( gam ) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 44,375 . 22,54 = 10 (g) 100 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CuSO4 trong tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: 0,125 . 160 - 10 = 10 (g) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft tinh: 15,625 - 10 = 5,625 (g) Trong mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft tinh c\u00f3: nH2O = 5, 625 = 0,3125 (mol); n CuSO4 = 10 = 0,0625 (mol) 18 160 \uf0de nCuSO4 = 0, 0625 = 1 . V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0: CuSO4.5H2O. nH2O 0,3125 5 2) - T\u00ednh to\u00e1n: Vdd = m = 450 = 300 (ml) = 0,3 (l) d 1,5 nH2SO4 = 0,3 . 0,5 = 0,15 (mol) \uf0de mH2SO4 = 0,15 . 98 = 14,7 (g) \uf0de mdd H2SO4 = 14,7 . 100 = 15 (g) \uf0de mH2O = 450 \u2013 15 = 435 (g) 98 - C\u00e1ch pha ch\u1ebf: D\u00f9ng c\u00e2n c\u00e2n l\u1ea5y 435 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc ( ho\u1eb7c \u0111ong 435 ml n\u01b0\u1edbc) cho v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 dung t\u00edch 500ml. C\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp l\u1ea5y 15 gam ung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98% r\u1ed3i r\u00f3t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 450 gam dd H2SO4 0,5M. C\u00e2u 4. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) Nung 4,9a gam m\u1ed9t hidroxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i R trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4a gam oxit kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u00f2a tan 4,9a gam hidroxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i R tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Cho 16 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 M g v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 24,8 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch C. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 532","2) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A ch\u1ee9a a mol Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0 b mol Ba(AlO2)2. \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ed1 mol Al(OH)3 theo s\u1ed1 mol HCl nh\u01b0 sau. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb a v\u00e0 b? n Al(OH)3 0,3 ..\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 0,2 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. 0 0,6 1,1 n HCl H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hidroxit kim lo\u1ea1i R l\u00e0 R(OH)n , n l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a R PTHH: 2R(OH)n \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae R2On + nH2O (1) BTKL: mH2O = 4,9a \u2013 4a = 0,9a (g) \uf0de nH2O = 0,9a = 0,05a (mol) 18 22 0,1a Theo PTHH (1): nR(OH)n = n nH2O = n 0,05a = n (mol) \uf0de MR(OH)n = 4,9a . n = 49n = MR + 17n \uf0de MR = 32n 0,1a X\u00e9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a MR theo gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n, ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng: n1 2 3 MR 32 64 96 Ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p nghi\u1ec7m: n = 2 , MR = 64 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n R l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng (Cu) \uf0de Hidroxit c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Cu(OH)2, \uf0de nCu(OH)2 = 0,1a = 0,05a (mol) 2 \uf0de Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O (2) 0,05a mol 0,05a mol \uf0de Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a 0,05a mol CuSO4. Cho 16 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o X, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Mg + CuSO4 \uf0ae MgSO4 + Cu (3) Fe + CuSO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + Cu (4) MgSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (5) Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae MgO + H2O (6) 2FeSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (7) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O (8) C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, ta x\u00e9t c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau : Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi CuSO4, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (3,4) x\u1ea3y ra v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \uf0de dung d\u1ecbch C ch\u1ee9a MgSO4 v\u00e0 FeSO4. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 MgO v\u00e0 Fe2O3 Th\u1ea5y mD = mA \uf0de mMgO + mFe2O3 = mMg + mFe (V\u00f4 l\u00fd). Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1i. \uf0de CuSO4 h\u1ebft, kim lo\u1ea1i trong A d\u01b0. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: Mg ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft, Fe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 1 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u01b0 1 ph\u1ea7n \uf0de B c\u00f3 Cu v\u00e0 Fe(d\u01b0) \u0110\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 mol Mg: x, Fe(p\u01b0): y, Fe(d\u01b0): z. (x, y, z > 0) \uf0de mA = 24x + 56y + 56z = 16 (I) BTNT (Mg): n MgO = nMg = x mol., BTNT (Fe): n Fe2 O3 = 1 n Fe p\u00ad = 0,5y mol. 2 \uf0de mD = 40x + 160 . 0,5y = 40x + 80y = 16 (II) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 533","Theo PTHH (3,4) : n Cu = nMg + nFe p\u00ad = x + y (mol) \uf0de mB = 64x + 64y + 56z = 24,8 (III) \uf0ec24x + 56y + 56z = 16 \uf0ec x = 0,2 T\u1eeb (I), (II), (III) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7: \uf0ed\uf0ef40x + 80y = 16 \uf0ef \uf0de \uf0ed y = 0,1 \uf0ef\uf0ee64x + 64y + 56z = 24,8 \uf0ee\uf0ef z = 0,1 \uf0de %mMg = 24 . 0,2 . 100% = 30%,%mFe = 100% - 30% = 70% 16 nCuSO4 = 0,05a = x + y = 0,3 \uf0de a = 6. 2) Khi cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCl2 + 2H2O (1) 2a a 2HCl + Ba(AlO2)2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + BaCl2 (2) 0,2 mol 0,2 mol T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o 0,2 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00ec s\u1ed1 mol HCl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 0,6 mol \uf0de 2a + 0,2 = 0,6 \uf0de a = 0,2 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i khi Ba(AlO2)2 v\u1eeba h\u1ebft \u1edf (2) \uf0de n\uf0afmax = 2nBa(AlO2 ) 2 = 2b mol = n(2) HCl PTHH h\u00f2a tan k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a: 3HCl + Al(OH)3 \uf0ae AlCl3 + 3H2O (3) S\u1ed1 mol Al(OH)3 b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan = 2b \u2013 0,3 (mol) Theo (3) \uf0de n(3) = 3(2b \u2013 0,3) = 6b \u2013 0,9 (mol) HCl T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol HCl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 1,1 mol. \uf0de 2a + 2b + 6b \u2013 0,9 = 1,1 \uf0de 10b = 1,1 + 0,9 = 2 \uf0de b = 0,2. C\u00e2u 5. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho 20 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 Fe3O4 tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed SO2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed SO2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba h\u1ebft v\u1edbi 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 1M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 27,8 gam ch\u1ea5t tan. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 55,2 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, SO2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H2SO4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. 2. Nung n\u00f3ng m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t X g\u1ed3m nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oxit s\u1eaft trong b\u00ecnh ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. Chia Y th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,672 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 5,04 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,088 l\u00edt kh\u00ed SO2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 105,3 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i khan. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, SO2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H2SO4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) C\u00e1c PTHH: 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 10H2O + SO2 (1) a 1,5a 0,5a mol 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 (2) b 0,5b 1,5b mol C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3FeSO4 (3) cc 3c mol Cho SO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: SO2 + 2KOH \uf0ae K2SO3 + H2O (4) SO2 + KOH \uf0ae KHSO3 (5) G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a K2SO3 v\u00e0 KHSO3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x v\u00e0 y. Theo (4), (5) ta c\u00f3: nKOH = 2nK2SO3 + nKHSO3 = 2x + y = 0,3 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 534","Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i khan = 158x + 120y = 27,8 Ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7: \uf0ec2x + y = 0,3 \uf03d 27, 8 \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0,1 \uf0ee\uf0ed158x \uf02b120 y \uf0ee\uf0edy = 0,1 \uf0de nSO2 = 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2 (mol) \uf0de 0,5a + 1,5b = 0,2 (I) Ta c\u00f3: mX = 232a + 56b + 56c = 20 (II) mmu\u00e8i = 400(1,5a + 0,5b - c) +152 . 3c = 55,2 \uf0de 600a + 200b + 56c = 55,2 (III) \uf0ec \uf0efa = 0,05 \uf0ec0,5a + 1,5b = 0,2 \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0edb = T\u1eeb (I), (II), III) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7: \uf0ed\uf0ef232a + 56b + 56c = 20 \uf0de \uf0ef 7 \uf0ef\uf0ee600a + 200b + 56c = 55,2 60 \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0efc = 1 30 \uf0de mFe3O4 = 232 . 0,05 = 11,6 (g), mFe = 20 \u2013 11,6 = 8,4 (g). 2) \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft l\u00e0 FexOy PTHH: 2yAl + 3FexOy \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 3xFe + yAl2O3 (1) V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi KOH d\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y c\u00f3 Al d\u01b0, Al2O3, Fe. Ta c\u00f3: nH2 = 0,672 = 0,03 (mol), nSO2 = 11,088 = 0,495 (mol) . 22,4 22,4 Ph\u1ea7n 1: t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi KOH d\u01b0: Al2O3 + KOH \uf0ae KAlo2 + H2O (2) 2Al + 2KOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2KAlo2 + 3H2 (3) 0,02 mol 0,03 mol Sau c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n 1, ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe \uf0de n p1 = 5,04 = 0,09 (mol) Fe 56 G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol Al2O3 trong ph\u1ea7n 1 l\u00e0 a mol Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n 1 (k > 0) \uf0de Trong ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3: 0,02k mol Al d\u01b0 , 0,09k mol Fe, ak mol Al2O3 Ph\u1ea7n 2: cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (4) ak ak 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 (5) 0,09k 0,045k 0,135k 2Al + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 (6) 0,02k 0,01k 0,03k Theo (5) v\u00e0 (6): nSO2 = 0,135k + 0,03k = 0,495 \uf0de k = 3 (th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n) \uf0de T\u1ed5ng mu\u1ed1i khan trong Z = 3(a . 342 + 0,045 . 400 + 0,01 . 342) = 105,3 \uf0de a = 0,04 \uf0de n(Y) = 0,04 + 0,04 .3 = 0,16 (mol) , n (Y) = 0,09 + 0,09 . 3= 0,36 (mol) Al2O3 Fe Theo (1) ta c\u00f3: \uf0de n (Y) = 3x = 0,36 \uf0de x = 3 \uf0de CTHH c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft l\u00e0 Fe3O4 . Fe y 0,16 y 4 n (Y) Al2O3 BTNT (Al): n (X) = n(Y) + 2n(Y) = 0,02 + 0,02 . 3 + 0,16 . 2 = 0,4 (mol) Al Al Al2O3 BTNT (Fe): \uf0de n =(X) 1 n (Y) = 1 . 0,36 = 0,12 (mol) . Fe3O4 3 Fe 3 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 535","\uf0de mX = m(X) + m(X) = 0,4 . 27 + 0,12 . 232 = 38,64 (g). V\u1eady m = 38,64 gam. Al Fe3O4 ---H\u1ebeT--- B\u00c0I GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ec0 THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI H\u00d3A 9 T\u1ec8NH NGH\u1ec6 AN N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2018 - 2019 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat C\u00e2u I. (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) \u0110\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, em h\u00e3y gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169 trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. 2) C\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, C (kh\u00e1c nhau) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Cu + \u2026. \uf0ae Kh\u00ed m\u00e0u n\u00e2u (A) MnO2 + \u2026. \uf0ae Kh\u00ed m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng (B) FeO + \u2026. \uf0ae Kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc (C) Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, kh\u00ed C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc brom. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. GI\u1ea2I: 1) - T\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng: \u0110\u1ed9ng Phong Nha (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh); Tam C\u1ed1c \u2013 B\u00edch \u0110\u1ed9ng (Ninh B\u00ecnh); Hang \u0110\u1ea7u G\u1ed7 (v\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1 Long \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh); Hang S\u01a1n \u0110o\u00f2ng ( Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh); Hang \u00c9n ( Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh); Th\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ed9ng ( H\u00e0 Ti\u00ean \u2013 Ki\u00ean Giang) \u2026 - S\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169 g\u1ed3m hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: + Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i CaCO3 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan CO2 t\u1ea1o ra mu\u1ed1i Ca(HCO3)2 tan: CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 + S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y Ca(HCO3)2 theo c\u00e1c k\u1ebb n\u1ee9t ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2m hang v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch nh\u0169: Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O 2) Cu + 4HNO3 \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2\uf0ad + 2H2O MnO2 + 4HCl \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2\uf0ad + 2H2O 2FeO + 4H2SO4(\u0111) \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2\uf0ad + 4H2O A: NO2; B: Cl2; C: SO2 2NO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaNO3 + NaNO2 + H2O Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaClO + NaCl + H2O SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 C\u00e2u II. (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho kim lo\u1ea1i Ba (d\u01b0) l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch: CuSO4; AlCl3; (NH4)2CO3. 2) Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng X, Y, Z l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t Z. Nung n\u00f3ng Y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Z, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed T. Bi\u1ebft T l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cacbon. Cho X, Y, Z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. GI\u1ea2I: 1) - Khi cho Ba v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu Ba tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xanh lam v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2\uf0ad Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2\uf0af + BaSO4 - Khi cho Ba (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu Ba tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng tan d\u1ea7n. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 536","Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2\uf0ad 3Ba(OH)2 + 2AlCl3 \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\uf0af + 3BaCl2 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O - Khi cho Ba v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch (NH4)2CO3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5y m\u1eabu Ba tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed m\u00f9i khai tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2\uf0ad Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3\uf0af + 2NH3\uf0ad + 2H2O 2) \u0110\u1ed1t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00ean X, Y, Z l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i Na. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c khi nung Y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Z, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed T v\u00e0 T l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cacbon n\u00ean T l\u00e0 CO2, Y l\u00e0 NaHCO3 v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 Na2CO3. X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaHCO3 t\u1ea1o ra Na2CO3 n\u00ean X l\u00e0 NaOH. PTHH: NaOH + NaHCO3 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O 2NaHCO3 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O - X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd FeCl3: 3NaOH + FeCl3 \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl - Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd FeCl3: 3NaHCO3 + FeCl3 \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl + 3CO2 - Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd FeCl3: 3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Fe(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2 C\u00e2u III. (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed h\u00e3y n\u00eau c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch sau \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: HCl, MgCl2, NaOH. 2) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau khi t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u: H2S, CO2, h\u01a1i H2O v\u00e0 N2. GI\u1ea2I: 1) - Tr\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed - Cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o nhau, th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 2 m\u1eabu th\u1eed MgCl2, NaOH. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 HCl: MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2\uf0af + 2NaCl - L\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Mg(OH)2 cho h\u00f2a tan trong HCl v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch MgCl2. Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 2 m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch MgCl2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ef1ng NaOH, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ef1ng MgCl2: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2H2O 2) - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qua CaCl2 khan, H2O b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1edfi CaCl2, \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i H2O - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0, hai kh\u00ed H2S v\u00e0 CO2 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 N2 sau khi l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng CaCl2 khan nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. Ca(OH)2 + H2S\uf0ae CaS + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + CO2\uf0ae CaCO3\uf0af + 2H2O - L\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2\uf0ad - Cho H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed H2S c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng CaCl2 khan nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed H2S. CaS + H2SO4(lo\u00e3ng) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaSO4 + H2S\uf0ad C\u00e2u IV. (4 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) A l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed. Cho A v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh k\u00edn ch\u1ee9a 0,12 mol O2, b\u1eadt tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y qua n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 0,02 mol kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A. 2)H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m C3H6, C2H2, C4H10 v\u00e0 H2. \u0110un n\u00f3ng m gam A v\u1edbi Ni, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B. B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,15 mol Br2. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam A v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m 79,65 gam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 5,6 l\u00edt A ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi 4,48 l\u00edt H2 \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 537","chu\u1ea9n. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m. GI\u1ea2I: 1) \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon A l\u00e0 CxHy CxHy + (x+y\/4)O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y\/2 H2O (1) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) O2 d\u01b0, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: CO2, H2O v\u00e0 O2 d\u01b0 - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2: CO2 + Ca(OH)2\uf0ae CaCO3\uf0af + H2O \uf0de= = 0,06 mol; = 0,02 mol \uf0de = 2.0,1 \u2013 2.0,06 = 0,08 mol > \uf0de A l\u00e0 Ankan x \uf03d 0, 06 \uf03d 3\uf0de A l\u00e0 C3H8. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o CH3-CH2-CH3 0, 02 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) l\u01b0\u1ee3ng A d\u01b0, h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: CO2, H2O v\u00e0 A d\u01b0 \uf0de= = 0,06 mol ; = 0,02 mol. \uf0de = 2. 0,12 \u2013 2. 0,06 = 0,12 mol > \uf0de A l\u00e0 Ankan. x \uf03d 0, 06 \uf03d 1\uf0de V\u1eady A l\u00e0 CH4. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o CH4 0, 06 2) C\u00e1ch 1: Quy \u0111\u1ed5i A th\u00e0nh C3H6 (a mol) + C2H2 (b mol) + H2 (c mol) TN1: m gam A qua Ni t\u1ea1o B, B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng 0,15 mol Br2 \uf0de coi nh\u01b0 m gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,15 mol H2. TN2: 0,25 mol A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,2 mol H2 \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol A \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m gam l\u00e0 0,1875 mol \uf0de a + b + c = 0,1875 (I) v\u00e0 a + 2b \u2013 c = 0,15 (II) \u0110\u1ed1t A: nCO2 \uf03d 3a \uf02b 2b (mol); nH2O \uf03d 3a \uf02b b \uf02b c (mol) mdd gia\u00fbm \uf03d mBaCO3 \uf02d (mCO2 \uf02b mH2O ) \uf0de 197.(3a \uf02b 2b) \uf02d 44.(3a \uf02b 2b) \uf02d18.(3a \uf02b b \uf02b c) \uf03d 79,65 (III) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 3 PT tr\u00ean ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: \uf0ec\uf0efa \uf03d 81 (mol) m \uf03d 42. 81 \uf02b 26.( \uf02d207) \uf02b 2. 3 \uf03d 8, 401 (g) \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0efb \uf03d 365 365 5840 2920 \uf0ef \uf02d207 (mol) \uf0de 5840 \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0efc \uf03d 3 (mol) 2920 C\u00e1ch 2: G\u1ecdi a, b, c, d theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol C3H6, C2H2, C4H10 v\u00e0 H2 \uf0de m = 42a \uf02b 26b \uf02b 58c \uf02b 2d Ta c\u00f3: a + b + c + d = 0,1875 (mol) (I) a + 2b - d = 0,15 (mol) (II) \u0110\u1ed1t m gam A: nCO2 \uf03d 3a \uf02b 2b \uf02b 4c (mol); nH2O \uf03d 3a \uf02b b \uf02b 5c \uf02b d (mol) \uf0de 197.(3a \uf02b 2b \uf02b 4c) \uf02d 44.(3a \uf02b 2b \uf02b 4c) \uf02d18.(3a \uf02b b \uf02b 5c \uf02b d) \uf03d 79,65 \uf0de 405a \uf02b 288b \uf02b 522c \uf02d18d \uf03d 79,65 (III) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 42a \uf02b 26b \uf02b 58c \uf02b 2d \uf03d k.(a \uf02b b \uf02b c \uf02b d) \uf02b t.(a \uf02b 2b \uf02d d) \uf02b n.(405a \uf02b 288b \uf02b 522c \uf02d18d) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 538","\uf0de \uf0eck \uf02b t \uf02b 405n \uf03d 42 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0eftk\uf03d\uf03d\uf02d572837332 \uf0de m \uf03d 58 .0,1875 \uf02b (\uf02d 232).0,15 \uf02b 8 .79,65 \uf03d 8, 401 (g) \uf0ef\uf0efk \uf02b 2t \uf02b 288n \uf03d 26 73 73 73 \uf0ef\uf0edk \uf02b 522n \uf03d 58 \uf0ef\uf0eek \uf02d t \uf02d18n \uf03d 2 \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0efn \uf03d 8 73 C\u00e2u V. (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) X l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Al2(SO4)3, Y l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2. Tr\u1ed9n 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch X v\u1edbi 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8,55 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Tr\u1ed9n 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch X v\u1edbi 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12,045 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol\/l c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 Y. 2) S\u1ee5c 0,02 mol Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,06 mol FeBr2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho AgNO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m. GI\u1ea2I: 1) Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Cho 200 ml dd X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 300 ml dd Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8,55g k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Cho 200 ml dd X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 500 ml dd Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12,045g k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. V\u00ec khi t\u0103ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch Y t\u1eeb 300 ml l\u00ean 500 ml th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \uf0de \u1ede th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1, Al2(SO4)3 d\u01b0 hay Ba(OH)2 h\u1ebft. 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft t\u1ea1o 8,55 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0de N\u1ebfu 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ebft v\u00e0o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh = 500 .8,55 \uf03d 14,25 (g): \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \uf0de \u1ede th\u00ed 300 nghi\u1ec7m 2, Al2(SO4)3 h\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan 1 ph\u1ea7n. G\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 Al2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x, y Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\u2193 + 3BaSO4\u2193 (1) 0,3y 0,2y 0,3y (mol) m\u2193 = 0,2y. 78 + 0,3y. 233 = 8,55 \uf0de y = 0,1 \uf0de CM (Ba(OH)2) = 0,1M Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2 : Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3\u2193 + 3BaSO4\u2193 (2) 0,2x 0,6x 0,4x 0,6x (mol) Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) th\u00ec n =Ba(OH)2 (d\u00f6) 0,05 \u2013 0,6x X\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2Al(OH)3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ba(AlO2)2 + 4H2O (3) TH1: N\u1ebfu Al(OH)3 d\u01b0: n =Al(OH)3(d\u00f6) 0,4x \u2013 2.(0,05 - 0,6x) = 1,6x - 0,1 mol m\u2193 = (1,6x \u2013 0,1).78 + 0,6x.233 = 12,045 (g) \uf0de x = 0,075 \uf0de CM (Al2(SO4)3) =0,075M TH2: N\u1ebfu Al(OH)3 tan h\u1ebft theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) khi \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3: \uf0ef\uf0ec0, 4x \uf0a3 2\uf0280, 05 \uf02d 0, 6x\uf029 (V\u00f4 nghi\u1ec7m) \uf0de Lo\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. \uf0ed \uf0ee\uf0ef0, 6x.233 \uf03d 12, 045 2) - C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: 3Cl2 + 6FeBr2 \uf0ae 4FeBr3 + 2FeCl3 (1) 0,02 0,06 d\u01b0 0, 08 0, 04 33 - T\u1eeb (1) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A g\u1ed3m: FeBr3 0, 08 mol; FeCl3 0, 04 mol v\u00e0 FeBr2 0,02 mol 3 3 - Cho AgNO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 3AgNO3 + FeBr2 \uf0ae 2AgBr \uf0af + Ag \uf0af + Fe(NO3)3 (2) 0,02 0,04 0,02 GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 539","3AgNO3 + FeBr3 \uf0ae 3AgBr \uf0af + Fe(NO3)3 (3) 0, 08 0,08 3 3AgNO3 + FeCl3 \uf0ae 3AgCl \uf0af + Fe(NO3)3 (4) 0, 04 0,04 3 \uf0de k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a g\u1ed3m: AgCl 0,04 mol; AgBr 0,12 mol; Ag 0,02 mol \uf0de m = 30,46 (g) C\u00e2u VI. (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1) C\u1eaft m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu Na b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu \u0111en r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u00f4i s\u1eaft. \u0110\u1ed1t m\u00f4i s\u1eaft tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n cho natri n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (gi\u1ecdt tr\u00f2n, s\u00e1ng l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh) th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed Clo th\u1ea5y Na ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00e0ng r\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i \u0111en v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i n\u00e2u t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f3i tr\u00ean. 2) V\u1ebd h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao axetien \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00e8n x\u00ec oxi \u2013 axetilen \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i? GI\u1ea2I: 1) - Kh\u00f3i tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 NaCl t\u1ea1o ra: 2Na + Cl2 \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae 2NaCl - Kh\u00f3i \u0111en l\u00e0 Cacbon do Na kh\u00f4ng lau s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa. D\u1ea7u h\u1ecfa th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 hi\u0111rocacbon khi b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n sinh ra cacbon m\u00e0u \u0111en. - Kh\u00f3i n\u00e2u l\u00e0 FeCl3 do m\u00f4i s\u1eaft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed Clo 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae 2FeCl3 2) H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: H2O CaC2 C2H2 H2O dd NaOH Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 - Axetilen ch\u00e1y trong oxi, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 3000oC, v\u00ec v\u1eady axetien \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong \u0111\u00e8n x\u00ec oxi \u2013 axetilen \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i. --- H\u1ebeT --- GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 540","S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG L\u1edaP 9 THCS C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH T\u1ec8NH NINH B\u00ccNH N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021-2022 M\u00f4n: HO\u00c1 H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C Ng\u00e0y thi: 23\/2\/2022 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) \u0110\u1ec1 thi g\u1ed3m 06 c\u00e2u trong 02 trang C\u00e2u 1 (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: D\u1eabn kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch KOH, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ecf 1-2 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho dung d\u1ecbch axit axetic d\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a Cu(OH)2. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 4: Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p HCl v\u00e0 AlCl3. 2. Cho 2 l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ch\u1ee9a 2 dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 Y. Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p BaCl2 v\u00e0 NaOH; dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed CO2 h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai l\u1ecd dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 2 (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Tinh b\u1ed9t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae ancol etylic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae axit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Etyl axetat. 2. Cho dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau: NaHCO3, FeS, Na2SO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00ed X, Y, Z. Bi\u1ebft: X + Y \uf0ae T + H2O; Y + O2 d\u01b0 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X + H2O. T l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea7u th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00ed X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 3 (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb a mol CO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a b mol Ca(OH)2. H\u00e3y bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 mol CO2. L\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a theo a, b. 2. H\u00f2a tan 6,76 gam oleum X v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a 1\/20 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch A c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 80 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 0,1M. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oleum. C\u00e2u 4 (3,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Cho m gam b\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i R c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0o 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Cu(NO3)2 v\u00e0 AgNO3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,4M. Sau khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (m + 27,2) gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl c\u00f3 kh\u00ed H2 tho\u00e1t ra. T\u00ecm kim lo\u1ea1i R v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong dung d\u1ecbch Y. 2. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m H2 v\u00e0 hai hi\u0111rocacbon A, B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh k\u00edn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n b\u1ed9t Ni, \u0111un n\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,44 l\u00edt kh\u00ed Y (\u1edf \u0111ktc). Chia Y th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau: - Ph\u1ea7n 1 d\u1eabn qua dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom th\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon A. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 v\u00e0 H2O v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 88 : 45. - Ph\u1ea7n 2 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 30,8 gam CO2 v\u00e0 10,8 gam H2O. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B. b. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed trong X. C\u00e2u 5 (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Cho 34,2 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, CuO v\u00e0 Fe2O3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CO d\u01b0 nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 27,8 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 0,15 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 541","\u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m H2SO4 1M v\u00e0 HCl 1,5M, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam mu\u1ed1i. T\u00ednh m. 2. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M ch\u1ee9a 3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X, Y, Z. Trong \u0111\u00f3 X, Y l\u00e0 2 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp Y trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. L\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i 8,2 gam M th\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u01a1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a 5,5 gam CO2 trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 32,8 gam M c\u1ea7n 29,12 l\u00edt O2 (\u0111ktc), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m CO2 v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng nhau. Cho 9,84 gam M t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaHCO3 l\u1ea5y d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,016 l\u00edt CO2 (\u0111ktc). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a X trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M. C\u00e2u 6 (1,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). Cho ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o X l\u00e0 trieste c\u1ee7a glixerol v\u1edbi axit stearic (c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a axit stearic l\u00e0 C17H35COOH). Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: Cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o X v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t trong c\u1ed1c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp; \u0111un s\u00f4i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, khu\u1ea5y cho tan h\u1ebft th\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh hai l\u1edbp: Ph\u00eda tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. 2. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec?. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i \u0103n trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. ------H\u1ebeT------ S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O K\u1ef2 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI V\u0102N H\u00d3A L\u1edaP 9 THCS QU\u1ea2NG TR\u1eca N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021 - 2022 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C (Kh\u00f3a thi ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi c\u00f3 02 trang) M\u00d4N THI: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1. C\u00e2u 1. (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (proton, n\u01a1tron, electron) l\u00e0 115 h\u1ea1t, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 25 h\u1ea1t. T\u00ecm s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t p, n, e v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean c\u1ee7a R. 2. X l\u00e0 oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M, trong \u0111\u00f3 M chi\u1ebfm 72,414% v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: X + A1 \uf0ae A2 + A3 + A4 (1); A2 + A5 \uf0ae A6 + A7 (2); A2 + M \uf0ae A3 (3); A3 + A5 \uf0ae A8 + A7 (4); A8 + A4 + A9 \uf0ae A6 (5). (Cho bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a A2 v\u00e0 A3 \u1edf (1) l\u00e0 1:1 v\u00e0 khi h\u01a1 A7 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n th\u00ec ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1i). 3. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam SO3 v\u00e0o 180 gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98%, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oleum c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c H2SO4.3SO3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. 4. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh 200,0 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u1ea3o ho\u00e0 \u1edf 1000C xu\u1ed1ng 200C th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 26,1 gam NaCl.xH2O k\u1ebft tinh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft tinh. (Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tan c\u1ee7a NaCl \u1edf 1000C l\u00e0 39,1 gam v\u00e0 \u1edf 200C l\u00e0 35,9 gam). C\u00e2u 2. (5,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y d\u00e2y Fe trong b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00ed oxi. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KI c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed3 tinh b\u1ed9t. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt phenophtalein v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan 1 gam NaOH, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 1 gam HCl \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 542","2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) Hai dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n g\u1ed3m Na2CO3 v\u00e0 HCl, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00eam thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed. b) C\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a b\u1ed9t r\u1eafn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: Al, FeO, BaO, Al4C3, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed. 3. Cho 6,4 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m MgO v\u00e0 Fe2O3 v\u00e0o 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 0,3M, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam mu\u1ed1i khan. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m. 4. Tr\u1ed9n dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i B (l\u1ea5y c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 mol mu\u1ed1i), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,25 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a X (X l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. T\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a X \u0111em nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxit Z (kh\u00ed) v\u00e0 0,7 gam oxit MO (bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 mol Z b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 mol MO). C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,0 gam mu\u1ed1i khan, \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,025 mol oxit T (kh\u00ed) v\u00e0 0,05 mol H2O. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i A v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i B, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 3. (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho dung d\u1ecbch KOH t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ca(HCO3)2. b) Cho b\u1ed9t Fe t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4. c) Cho mu\u1ed1i X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra kh\u00ed. 2. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z. (h\u00ecnh b\u00ean) H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t X, Y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 4 kh\u00ed Z kh\u00e1c nhau (l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1). Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 3. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 8,4 gam Fe trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed SO2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch X. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 26,4 gam mu\u1ed1i khan. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2SO4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. 4. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. L\u1ea5y 1,93 gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ra 0,01 mol kh\u00ed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y 5,79 gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 19,44 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M. C\u00e2u 4. (6,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. T\u1eeb metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cao su buna, poli(vinyl axetat), etyl axetat. 2. a) Hi\u0111rocacbon A (m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf) c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 Cx+1H3x , bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a A so v\u1edbi H2 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 36,5. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a A. b) M\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh k\u00edn ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m hi\u0111rocacbon A (l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 0,06 mol O2, b\u1eadt tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho qua 3,5 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 0,01M th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 c\u00f3 0,01 mol kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a A. (C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 khi cho qua dung d\u1ecbch). 3. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m 200ml dung d\u1ecbch ancol etylic 5,75o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200ml dung d\u1ecbch Y. L\u1ea5y 100ml dung d\u1ecbch Y cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60,648l\u00edt H2 (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men gi\u1ea5m. (Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ancol etylic l\u00e0 0,8gam\/ml; kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 1,0gam\/ml). 4. Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt (X c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a C, H, O; trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed X c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed oxi nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 8). Cho a mol X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi NaHCO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V1 l\u00edt kh\u00ed CO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu cho a mol X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi Na th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V2 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t). a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X. (Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X b\u1eb1ng 192 v\u00e0 4V1 = 3V2). b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. c) Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X. (Bi\u1ebft X c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a b\u1edfi CuO \u0111un n\u00f3ng). ----------------- H\u1ebeT ----------------- GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 543","S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O K\u00cc THI H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI L\u1edaP 9 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 \u0110\u00c0 N\u1eb4NG N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021 \u2013 2022 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C M\u00d4N: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u 1. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1.1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: FeS2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae SO2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae SO3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae NaHSO4 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae NaCl \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae NaOH \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae NaClO \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae NaCl. 1.2. M\u1ed9t oxit s\u1eaft ch\u1ee9a 72,41% s\u1eaft v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a oxit tr\u00ean, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. b) Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft oxit tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Cho dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 2. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 2.1. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi: a) S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. b) Cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4. 2.2. Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n tan m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m KHCO3 v\u00e0 K2O v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a 2 ch\u1ea5t tan c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,82 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh m (bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n)? C\u00e2u 3. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 3.1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao (vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) a) Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng thau nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i. b) Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed9n chung ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m amoni (NH4Cl) v\u1edbi v\u00f4i r\u1ed3i b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. 3.2. Cho 3,2 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Fe, FeS, S t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed SO2 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t. Bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 mol H2SO4 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 0,18 mol. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau gam mu\u1ed1i khan? C\u00e2u 4. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 4.1. a) H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H8O. b) Thu\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n Al4C3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t X (l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u0111roxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh). \u0110\u1ed1t metan trong kh\u00ed Cl2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t Y d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. 4.2. \u0110un n\u00f3ng 0,11 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed T g\u1ed3m CH4, C2H4, H2 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni) sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Q c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 7,7. Cho Q l\u1ed9i qua dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 4,8 gam Br2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. T\u00ednh % th\u1ec3 t\u00edch H2 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Q. C\u00e2u 5. (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 5.1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed etilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m ancol etylic v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf 1700C. a) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etilen. b) Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngo\u00e0i etilen c\u00f2n c\u00f3 CO2 v\u00e0 SO2, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 2 kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 SO2? c) Kh\u00ed etilen c\u00f3 l\u1eabn CO2 v\u00e0 SO2, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed etilen tinh khi\u1ebft, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra? 5.2. Cho 7,2 gam T (c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 CnH2n + 1COOH) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi 50 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 12% thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,04 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a CnH2n + 1COOH, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 544","b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CnH2n + 1COOH t\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sinh ho\u00e1. c) Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t T \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch l\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m tr\u00ean? d) CnH2n + 1COOH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 cho oxit Y (oxit trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cacbon) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t Z (c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 :1 . Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. --------- H\u1ebeT --------- S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI NAM \u0110\u1ecaNH N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021 - 2022 M\u00f4n: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC \u2013 L\u1edbp: 9 THCS Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 Ph\u00fat. C\u00e2u 1. (3,75 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. D\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? N\u00eau 3 d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a cacbon? Trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cacbon d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t? N\u00eau 3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh? 2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi \u0111\u1ed1t than trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn? Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c khi \u0111\u1ed1t than trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn? Ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111\u1ed1t than \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c? 3. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y? V\u00ec sao kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y kim lo\u1ea1i magie? 4. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a 1 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00eam 1 oC c\u1ea7n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n 4,18 J, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1 mol cacbon t\u1ecfa ra 394 kJ. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng than ch\u1ee9a 75% cacbon c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111un n\u00f3ng 1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc (D = 1 g\/cm3) t\u1eeb 25 oC l\u00ean 100 oC, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh ra ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a than kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. C\u00e2u 2. (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o? L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh h\u1ecda cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u? Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf Ucraina \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng cao, h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 ra 2 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch? 2. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh 3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: \u0110\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 clo (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1) ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: D\u1eabn kh\u00ed axetilen \u0111i ch\u1eadm qua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch brom m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 gi\u1ecdt d\u1ea7u \u0103n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng 2 ml x\u0103ng r\u1ed3i l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). 3. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: (2) (3) (4) E (5) G BC D (1) A (6) DH Bi\u1ebft A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 CH3-CH2-CH3, B l\u00e0 CH4, H thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i polime, G c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng CnH2n+1Cl, (1) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch cacbon. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a C, D, E, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o thu g\u1ecdn (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 545","C\u00e2u 3. (3,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed Cl2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. dd HCl \u0111\u1eb7c MnO2 B\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat dd NaCl dd H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c a. Vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch NaCl v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. c. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat. d. T\u00ecm 2 ch\u1ea5t thay th\u1ebf MnO2 trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a 2 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c? e. N\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m (m\u00e0u t\u00edm) v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00ed Cl2. 2. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Na, m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau). (1) A + B \u2192 D + H2O (2) A + E \u2192 NaCl + CO2 + H2O (3) A + G \u2192 BaCO3 + B + H2O (4) A + I \u2192 D + K2CO3 + H2O (5) A \u2192 D + CO2 + H2O (6) A + K \u2192 L + K2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 3. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u0111ro sunfua (H2S) c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu kh\u00ed l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho m\u1eabu kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat d\u01b0 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 2,0 l\u00edt\/ph\u00fat trong th\u1eddi gian 500 ph\u00fat (gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: H2S + CuSO4 \u2192 CuS\u2193 + H2SO4). L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,44 mg ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u \u0111en. Bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u0111ro sunfua trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 0,3 mg\/m3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u0111ro sunfua c\u00f3 trong m\u1eabu kh\u00ed tr\u00ean v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1ea1i khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e2u 4. (5,75 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed MX3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng 196, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 60. S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed M \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed X l\u00e0 8. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh M, X v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed MX3? 2. Cho dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a H2SO4 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 xM, dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a NaOH n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 yM. Tr\u1ed9n 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch X v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch Z. \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u1ea7n 80 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 0,5M. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, tr\u1ed9n 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch X v\u1edbi 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 300 ml dung d\u1ecbch T. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch T t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,405 gam Al. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh x, y? 3. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam oxit MO (M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i) trong 78,4 gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 6,25% (lo\u00e3ng) th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 H2SO4 c\u00f2n d\u01b0 l\u00e0 2,433%. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi cho CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua m gam MO nung n\u00f3ng, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y. Cho Y qua 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 0,1M th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ee9a 2,96 gam mu\u1ed1i. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m. b. Cho x gam Al v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean, sau khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,12 gam kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u00ednh x? GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 546","C\u00e2u 5. (4 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m hai hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng CnH2n (X), CmH2m+2 (Y). Cho 8,96 l\u00edt A \u0111i qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch brom th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng 5,6 gam v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra 6,72 l\u00edt kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra n\u00e0y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,44 l\u00edt CO2 (th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf \u0111ktc). a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y. b. Cho 5,84 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m kh\u00ed X v\u00e0 H2 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh k\u00edn c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t Ni l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng b\u00ecnh, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed C. D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 2,688 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed D tho\u00e1t ra (\u0111ktc), bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a D so v\u1edbi H2 l\u00e0 22. T\u00ednh % th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed X trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B? (Bi\u1ebft X c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 etilen). 2. Cr\u0103ckinh m gam butan (C4H10) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: C4H10 \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + C3H6 (1) C4H10 \uf0bet\uf0be0 ,xt\uf0be\uf0ae C2H6 + C2H4 (2) Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng 60% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a X, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch Br2 t\u0103ng 5,6 gam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 25,6 gam brom \u0111\u00e3 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c a mol CO2 v\u00e0 b mol H2O. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb a, b? (Bi\u1ebft C2H6, C4H10 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 CH4; C3H6 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 C2H4). Cho: H= 1; C= 12; O= 16; S= 32; Cl= 35,5; Br= 80; Na= 23; Mg=24; K= 39; Fe= 56; Al= 27; Cu = 64 (Th\u00ed sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) ---H\u1ebft---- S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O K\u1ef2 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI C\u1ea4P C\u01a0 S\u1ede \u0110I\u1ec6N BI\u00caN N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021 \u2013 2022 M\u00f4n: H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 L\u1edbp 9 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C (C\u00f3 02 trang) Ng\u00e0y thi: 08\/4\/2022 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u 1 (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): C2H4 \uf0be1\uf0be\uf0ae C2H5OH \uf0be2\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOH \uf0be3\uf0be\uf0ae (CH3COO)2Ba \uf0be4\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COONa \uf0be5\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf0be6\uf0be\uf0ae C2H2 \uf0be7\uf0be\uf0ae C2Ag2 \uf0be8\uf0be\uf0ae AgCl 2. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) Cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch CH3COOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b) H\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Fe trong axit H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed X v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. 3. B\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, em h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng than trong ph\u00f2ng k\u00edn? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 2: (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. C\u00f3 5 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n: NaCl, K2CO3, MgSO4, BaCO3, BaSO4. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng CO2 v\u00e0 H2O, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 5 ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. 2. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 3 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Al2O3, SiO2 v\u00e0 Fe2O3 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t tan A \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B duy nh\u1ea5t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B v\u1edbi hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi A l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m C2H5OH v\u00e0 CH3COOH. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch hai ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 547","C\u00e2u 3: (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 3,1 gam photpho b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi l\u1ea5y d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi 250 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 x mol\/l\u00edt thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14,64 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai mu\u1ed1i khan. T\u00ednh x. 2. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 39,96 gam tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i sunfat ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M (c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Chia dung d\u1ecbch A th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: Cho dung d\u1ecbch amoniac d\u01b0 v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B, nung B \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,06 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Cho dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20,97 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c tinh th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean. b) N\u1ebfu cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 10%, t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch NaOH c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 4: (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i natri \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2 sinh ra b\u1eb1ng 4% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. Bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic l\u00e0 0,8 g\/ml v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 1,0g\/ml. H\u00e3y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. 2. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam kim lo\u1ea1i R (c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Th\u00eam 240 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 7% v\u00e0o D th\u00ec v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E, trong dung d\u1ecbch E n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a NaCl l\u00e0 2,5% v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i RCln l\u00e0 8,12%. Th\u00eam ti\u1ebfp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o E, l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i R. b) T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. C\u00e2u 5: (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Cho 5,04 l\u00edt (\u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y g\u1ed3m C2H2 v\u00e0 H2 qua b\u1ed9t niken nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 3 hi\u0111rocacbon. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Z so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 14,25. a) T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. b) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft 2,52 l\u00edt (\u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y \u1edf tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o 200 gam dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 2,775%. Sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh m. 2. \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a 50 ml dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung CnH2n+1COOH ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u1eeba h\u1ebft 30 ml dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 1M. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c khi trung h\u00f2a 125 ml dung d\u1ecbch axit tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH th\u00ec sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16,8 gam mu\u1ed1i khan. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean. b) T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch axit v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch KOH \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. ----------------------H\u1ebft--------------------- S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O K\u1ef2 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH THCS H\u01afNG Y\u00caN N\u0103m h\u1ecdc: 2021 - 2022 M\u00f4n thi: H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi g\u1ed3m 02 trang) C\u00e2u I (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch phenolphtalein (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7), h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ef1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n sau: MgSO4, NaNO3, KOH, BaCl2, Na2SO4. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). 2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 548","S \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae H2S \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae SO2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae FeSO4 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae SO2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Na2SO3 3. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho MnO2, KMnO4, KClO3 ho\u1eb7c K2Cr2O7 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u II (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p K v\u00e0 Zn (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng 5:3) v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu v\u00e0 NaNO3 (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1:2) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl lo\u00e3ng. Khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? 2. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon trong oxi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A. Cho A l\u1ed9i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb qua dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C. Cho kh\u00ed C qua l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a CuO v\u00e0 MgO nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed E. Cho kh\u00ed E l\u1ed9i qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch G. Khi th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch G ho\u1eb7c \u0111un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch G \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 G. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u III (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 38,4 gam Cu v\u00e0 46,4 gam b\u1ed9t Fe3O4 v\u00e0o 600 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 a gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan Z. L\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch Y cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a a v\u00e0 m. 2. A l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m mu\u1ed1i cacbonat, mu\u1ed1i hi\u0111rocacbonat v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m R. Cho 21,855 gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi V ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 10,95% (D = 1,2g\/ml) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 4,48 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u1edf \u0111ktc). Chia dung d\u1ecbch B th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau: - Ph\u1ea7n 1: Trung h\u00f2a v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 125 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 0,4M. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau khi trung h\u00f2a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam mu\u1ed1i khan. - Ph\u1ea7n 2: Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 34,44 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i trong A. b. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a V v\u00e0 m. C\u00e2u IV (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m N2 v\u00e0 H2 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi He b\u1eb1ng 1,8. \u0110un n\u00f3ng X m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian trong b\u00ecnh k\u00edn (c\u00f3 b\u1ed9t Fe l\u00e0m x\u00fac t\u00e1c), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi He b\u1eb1ng 2. a. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p NH3. b. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed trong Y. 2. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 CO2 v\u00e0 H2O theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 3:4 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mol O2 g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mol CO2 sinh ra. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi h\u00f3a h\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 19,2 gam X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a 5,12 gam CH4 (\u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t). a. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X. b. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a X. C\u00e2u V (4,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Cho m gam Na v\u00e0o 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl aM. Khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14,56 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0o 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3 0,6M; ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xong thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 14,04 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. a. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m v\u00e0 a. b. Cho 1,568 l\u00edt CO2 (\u0111ktc) t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 549","2. Cho 8,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed M g\u1ed3m metan, etilen, axetilen qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 48 gam brom \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 17,92 l\u00edt (\u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng axit H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0) th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh axit t\u0103ng 25,2 gam. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M. -------------------- H\u1ebeT -------------------- S\u1ede GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O K\u1ef2 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI T\u1ec8NH L\u1edaP 9 NGH\u1ec6 AN N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2021 \u2013 2022 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C M\u00f4n thi: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC \u2013 B\u1ea3ng A (\u0110\u1ec1 thi g\u1ed3m 02 trang) Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u I (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a: Z \uf0ac\uf0be\uf02bCl\uf0be2\uf0be Ca \uf0be\uf02b(\uf0be2A)\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf02b(\uf0be3B) \uf0ae Ca (OH) 2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be(4M) \uf0ae Z \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf02b\uf0beMN\uf0be((\uf0be56))\uf0be\uf0aeY \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be(8M) \uf0ae Z (1) (7) Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, A, B, M, N v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u II (4,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. T\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft (FeS2), kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7, em h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Fe2(SO4)3. 2. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c g\u1ed3m oxit Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3 v\u00e0 CuO. Em h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng oxit kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3. 3. B\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, em h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t? C\u00e2u III (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C4H6. 2. Ba hi\u0111rocacbon X, Y, Z c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. Tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c polietilen. Cho Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2 (Ni, to) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0 Z. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 3. Ng\u00e0y 19\/12\/2002 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 kh\u00ed metan t\u1ea1i m\u1ecf than Su\u1ed1i L\u1ea1i, Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh l\u00e0m 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf. Em h\u00e3y n\u00eau v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u00e2u IV (5,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft 1,12 l\u00edt CO2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0o 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a NaOH 0,1M v\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 0,3M \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. 2. Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Mg v\u00e0 Al trong b\u00ecnh k\u00edn ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A g\u1ed3m Cl2 v\u00e0 O2, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c oxit v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i clorua (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00ed d\u01b0). H\u00f2a tan B c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 0,2M thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,48 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Fe2O3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oxit c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua X nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 9,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho Y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 400 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. C\u00e2u V (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m). 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m hi\u0111ro, axetilen v\u00e0 etilen. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol H2O b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 mol kh\u00ed CO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, khi tr\u1ed9n 0,4 mol A v\u1edbi 0,2 mol H2 r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 Ni x\u00fac t\u00e1c, nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng H2), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P T\u1ec8NH 550"]