LUYỆN-SÁCH CHINH PHỤC HÓA 9

["PTHH: (1) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O (2) Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (3) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2\u2191 + 6H2O (4) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 \uf0ae 3BaSO4\u2193 + 2FeCl3 (5) FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgCl\u2193 (6) Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3\u2193 + 3NaNO3 (7) 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2O3 + 3H2O (8) Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O C\u00e2u 102. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ( ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) Fe \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae FeCl3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ninh B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1) Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2\u2191 (2) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \u2192 2FeCl3 (3) FeCl3 + 3NaOH \u2192 Fe(OH)3\u2193 + 3NaCl (4) 2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 103. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (1) Y1 + Y2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Y3 + H2O (2) Y3 + Y4 + H2O \u2192 HCl + H2SO4 (3) Y4 + Y5 \u2192 FeCl3 + Fe2(SO4)3 (4) Y6 + Y7 + H2SO4 \u2192 Y4 + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O (5) Y3 + Y7 + H2O \u2192 K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2SO4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 H2S O2 SO2 Cl2 FeSO4 NaCl KMnO4 (1) 2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 + 2H2O (2) SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O \u2192 2HCl + H2SO4 (3) 3Cl2 + 6FeSO4 \u2192 2FeCl3 + 2Fe2(SO4)3 (4) 10NaCl + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 \u2192 5Cl2 + 5Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O (5) 5SO2 + 2KMnO4+ 2H2O \u2192 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 C\u00e2u 104. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (1): Oxit (X) + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae hai mu\u1ed1i + oxit. (2): Kim lo\u1ea1i (Y) + mu\u1ed1i \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae hai mu\u1ed1i. (3): Baz\u01a1 (Z) + O2 + oxit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae baz\u01a1. (4): Mu\u1ed1i (T) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mu\u1ed1i + hai oxit. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng : MX + MY = 296 ; MZ + MT = 190. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec Oxit (X) + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae hai mu\u1ed1i + oxit \uf0de Oxit (X) l\u00e0 oxi s\u1eaft t\u1eeb Fe3O4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 151","Ta c\u00f3: MX \uf02b MY \uf03d 296 => MY \uf03d 296 \uf02d 232 \uf03d 64 \uf0de Kim lo\u1ea1i (Y) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng (Cu) L\u1ea1i c\u00f3: Baz\u01a1 (Z) + O2 + oxit \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae baz\u01a1 \uf0de Baz\u01a1 (Z) l\u00e0 Fe(OH)2. Do: MZ \uf02b MT \uf03d 190 => MT \uf03d 190 \uf02d 90 \uf03d 100 V\u00e0 Mu\u1ed1i (T) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Mu\u1ed1i + hai oxit \uf0de Mu\u1ed1i (T) l\u00e0 KHCO3. PTHH : (1) Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O (2) Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 (3) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 (4) 2KHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 105.1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Solvay, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Na2CO3 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: CaCO3 NaCl CO2 + H2O CO2 H2O CaO NaCl\/ NH4HCO3 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 H2O NH3 NH4Cl CaCl2 Ca(OH)2 D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean, h\u00e3y: a\/ Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t t\u1ea1o Na2CO3. b\/ Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1eb7p mu\u1ed1i NaCl\/NH4HCO3. c\/ Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh NH4HCO3. d\/ N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CO2 + NH3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH4HCO3 NaCl + NH4HCO3 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 + NH4Cl b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O NH4HCO3 + NaCl \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH4Cl + NaHCO3 c) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: NH3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NH4HCO3 d) D\u00f9ng Ca(OH)2 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i amoniac: Ca(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 105.2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Bi\u1ebft M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb X \u0111\u1ebfn M l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau (\u1edf d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 152","+ HCl + B d\u01b0 Y +A + C d\u01b0 to \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y X ZE XM + NaOH + D d\u01b0 T (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110HSPHN, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i M \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y X; X v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec1m v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi axit \uf0de M ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Al; X l\u00e0 Al2O3 \uf0de Y: AlCl3; T: NaAlO2; E: Al(OH)3 A: H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng; Z: Al2(SO4)3; B, C: dd Na2CO3, dd NH3; D: kh\u00ed CO2 Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O 2AlCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2 Al2(SO4)3 + 6NH3 + 6H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 3(NH4)2SO4 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1pn\uf0bec \uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 criolit C\u00e2u 106. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D, E, G, H, L ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1) A + 2H2O \u2192 B (2) B + 2NaOH \u2192 D + 2E + 2H2O (3) B + 2HCl \u2192 2G + H + H2O (4) B + H + H2O \u2192 2L (5) L \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae E + H + H2O Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u - Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: (NH2)2CO; B: (NH4)2CO3; D: Na2CO3; E: NH3; H: CO2; G: NH4Cl; L: NH4HCO3. (1) (NH2)2CO + 2H2O \u2192 (NH4)2CO3 (2) (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2CO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O (3) (NH4)2CO3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O (4) (NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O \u2192 2NH4HCO3 (5) NH4HCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae NH3 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 107. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong ngo\u1eb7c ( ), sau \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1). MnO2 + HCl \uf0bet\uf0be0C\uf0ae (A) + (B) \uf0ad + (T) (2). (B) + KOH \uf0be1\uf0be000\uf0beC\uf0ae (Y) + (Z) + (T) (3). (B) + NaOH \uf0ben\uf0behie\u00e4t\uf0be\u00f1o\u00e4t\uf0beh\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8n\uf0beg\uf0ae (D) + (E) + (T) (4). (D) (F) + (B)\uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\u00e2n\uf0beno\u00f9n\uf0beg ch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0ae \uf0ad (5). (D) + (T) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae\u00f1ie\u00e4n pha\u00e2n dung d\u00f2ch NaOH + (B) \uf0ad + (G) \uf0ad co\u00f9 ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean (6). (F) + (T) \uf0ae NaOH + (G) \uf0ad CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 153","(7). (B) + (G) \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae HCl (8). (Z) + HCl \uf0ae (Y) + (B) \uf0ad + (T) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n - Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: (A): MnCl2, (B): Cl2, (T): H2O, (Y): KCl, (Z): KClO3, (D): NaCl, (E): NaClO, (F): Na, (G): H2. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) MnO2 + 4HCl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ad + 2H2O (2) 3Cl2 + 6KOH \uf0be1\uf0be000\uf0beC\uf0ae 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (3) Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl\uf0ben\uf0behie\u00e4t\uf0be\u00f1o\u00e4t\uf0beh\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8n\uf0beg\uf0ae + NaClO + H2O (4) 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\u00e2n\uf0beno\u00f9n\uf0beg ch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 \uf0ad (5) 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae\u00f1ie\u00e4n pha\u00e2n dung d\u00f2ch 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad co\u00f9 ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean (6) 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad (7) Cl2 + H2 \uf0bea\uf0be\u00f9nh s\uf0bea\u00f9ng\uf0be\uf0ae 2HCl (8) KClO3 + 6HCl \uf0ae KCl + 3Cl2 \uf0ad + 3H2O C\u00e2u 108. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. S \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be1\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae SO2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be3\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be7\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu 24 6 8 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae SO2 (1) SO2 + 2H2S \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3S\uf0af + 2H2O (2) SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 (3) H2SO4 + Na2SO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2\uf0ad + H2O (4) H2SO4 + CuO \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O (5) CuSO4 + H2S \uf0ae CuS\uf0af + H2SO4 (6) CuSO4 + Zn \uf0ae ZnSO4 + Cu\uf0af (7) Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (8) C\u00e2u 109. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (1) (2) (3) (4) H2SO4 FeS H2S SO2 S (5) (6) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: FeS + 2HCl (dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad (1) 2H2S + 3O2 (d\u01b0) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O (2) SO2 + 2H2S (dd) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3S \uf0ad + 2H2O (3) S + 6HNO3 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae H2SO4 + 6NO2 + 2H2O (4) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 154","SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 (5) H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 + 8HCl (6) C\u00e2u 111. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: M \uf0be(1\uf0be)\uf0ae MxOy \uf0be(2\uf0be)\uf0ae MCln \uf0be(3\uf0be)\uf0ae MClp \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Z \uf0be(5\uf0be)\uf0ae M2On \uf0be(6\uf0be)\uf0ae T \uf0be(7\uf0be)\uf0ae NaAlO2 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae Al(OH)3 Bi\u1ebft M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1ecf tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t; c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Z, T \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i; p < n (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft. Fe (1) 3Fe + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Fe3O4 (2) Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O (3) 2FeCl3 + Fe \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3FeCl2 (4) FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl (5) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O (6) Fe2O3 + 2Al \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Al2O3 + 2Fe (7) Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O (8) NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 112. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau, cho (A) l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba. (1) A + NaOH \uf0ae B \uf0af + C + D (2) C + E \uf0ae F + G \uf0ad + D (3) A + H \uf0ae B \uf0af + D (4) F + D \uf0ae I + K \uf0ad + L \uf0ad (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: Ba(HCO3)2; B: BaCO3; C: NaHCO3 ho\u1eb7c Na2CO3; D: H2O E: HCl; F: NaCl; G: CO2; H: Ba(OH)2; I: NaOH; K: H2; L: Cl2 (1) Ba(HCO3)2 + NaOH \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 + H2O Ho\u1eb7c: Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (2) Ho\u1eb7c: NaHCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (3) Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (4) Ba(HCO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae 2BaCO3 \uf0af +2H2O 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae\u00aei\u00d6n ph\u00a9n dung d\u00dech 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad c\u00e3 m\u00b5ng ng\u00a8n C\u00e2u 113. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, E, G th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): (1) Cl2 + X \uf0ae Y (2) Y + Mg \uf0ae Z + H2 \uf0ad (3) Z + E \uf0ae G \uf0af + NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 155","(4) G + Y \uf0ae Z + H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ea5t X: H2; Y: HCl; Z: MgCl2; E: NaOH; G: Mg(OH)2. (1) Cl2 + H2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae 2HCl (2) Mg + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2 \uf0ad (3) MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl (4) Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 114. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo hai chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: a) MgCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae MgO \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae (CH3COO)2Mg \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae MgSO4 b) Cu2S \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae CuO \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Cu \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae CuSO4 (8) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean PTNK- \u0110HQG TPHCM, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) (1) MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + CO2 (2) MgO + 2CH3COOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (CH3COO)2Mg + H2O (3) (CH3COO)2Mg + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CH3COONa + Mg(OH)2 (4) Mg(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgSO4 + 2H2O b) (5) Cu2S + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuO + SO2 (6) CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O (7) Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (8) Cu2S + 6H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuSO4 + 5SO2 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 115. Cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Oxit (X1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (X3 \uf0ad ) + \u2026 Oxit (Y1) + dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1 (Y2) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (Y3 \uf0af ) Mu\u1ed1i (Z1) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (X1) + (Z2 \uf0ad ) + \u2026 Mu\u1ed1i ( Z1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (X3 \uf0ad ) +\u2026 Bi\u1ebft X3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, mu\u1ed1i Z1 m\u00e0u t\u00edm, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: MY1 \uf02b MZ1 \uf03d 300; MY1 \uf02d MX3 \uf03d 37,5 . X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: X1; X2; X3; Y1; Y2; Y3; Z1; Z2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: X3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c \uf0de X3 l\u00e0 Cl2 Mu\u1ed1i Z1 m\u00e0u t\u00edm \uf0de Z1 l\u00e0 KMnO4 MY1 \uf02b MZ1 \uf03d 300 \uf0de MY1 = 300 \u2013 158 = 142 \uf0de Y1 l\u00e0 P2O5 \uf0de Y3 l\u00e0 Ca3(PO4)2; Y2 l\u00e0 Ca(OH)2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) MnO2 + 4HCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (2) P2O5 +3Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O 156 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0","(3) 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (4) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O C\u00e2u 116. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau, ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) P \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae P2O5 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae H3PO4 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Na3PO4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Long, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) 4P + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2P2O5 (2) P2O5 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2H3PO4 (3) H3PO4 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Na3PO4 + 3H2O (4) 2Na3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + 6NaOH C\u00e2u 117. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: A + B \uf0ae FeCl2 + C C +D \uf0ae B FeCl2 + D \uf0ae E E + NaOH \uf0ae F + NaCl (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: Fe; B: HCl; C: H2; D: Cl2; E: FeCl3; F: Fe(OH)3 Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 H2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0beskt\uf0ae 2HCl 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl C\u00e2u 118. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean T\u00e2y Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn A: Cu(OH)2, B: H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, C: CuO, D:Cu Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) Cu(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O (2) CuO + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O (3) Cu + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O (4) CuSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + CuCl2 (5) CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2AgCl \uf0af + Cu(NO3)2 (6) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaNO3 157 (7) Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae CuO+ H2O (8) CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae Cu + CO2. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0","C\u00e2u 119. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (Ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). SO3 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CuSO4 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae BaSO4 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: (1) SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 (2) H2SO4 + CuO \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O (3) CuSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 (4) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 + 2NaCl C\u00e2u 120. 1. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: X + Y \u2192 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t X, Y n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. 2. C\u00f3 s\u00e1u dung d\u1ecbch HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NaCl v\u00e0 Na2SO4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 A, B, C, D, E, F. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - Cho qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm v\u00e0o m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: A, B kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm; C, D l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm ho\u00e1 xanh; E, F l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf. - Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch D. F t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi D, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t X v\u00e0 Y l\u00e0 Na2CO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + 2NaHSO4 \u2192 2Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaHSO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O 2. ABCDE F Na2SO4 NaCl NaOH Ba(OH)2 HCl H2SO4 Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + 2NaOH H2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 121. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau : (4) A D (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) S A B GA (5) E (6) NaOH (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 (2) 2SO2 + O2 V2O5 2SO3 4500C (3) SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 158","(4) 2H2SO4\u0111 + Cu \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O (5) SO3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O (6) Na2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NaOH (7) 2NaOH + SO2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O (8) Na2SO3 + 2 HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 122. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc): A\u2192B\u2192C\u2192D\u2192E\u2192F\u2192A Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i, B, C, D, E, F l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i A. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i A: Fe; B: FeCl2; C: FeCl3; D: Fe(NO3)2; E: Fe(OH)3; F: Fe2O3 Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \u2192 2FeCl3 FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + 3AgCl Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH \u2192 Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2O3 + 3H2O Fe2O3 + 3CO \u2192 2Fe + 3CO2 C\u00e2u 123. 1. Cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a. (A) + H2O \uf0ae(B) + (X). b. (A) + NaOH + H2O \uf0ae(G) + (X). c. (C) + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo,xt\uf0be\uf0ae (X) + (E). d. (E) + (D) + H2O \uf0ae(B) + (H) + (I). e. (A) + HCl \uf0ae(D) + (X). g. (G) + (D) + H2O \uf0ae(B) + (H). Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 cacbon. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2. Cho 3 mu\u1ed1i A,B,C \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau: - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(NO3)2 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. - B v\u00e0 C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. - A, B, C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 sinh ra H2O. - B l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 trong H2SO4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 3 mu\u1ed1i A, B, C v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2018 - 2019) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. XA B C DG H I CH4 Al4C3 Al(OH)3 CH3COONa AlCl3 NaAlO2 NaCl CO2 a.Al4C3 + 12H2O \uf0ae 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 b.Al4C3 + 4NaOH + 4H2O \uf0ae 4NaAlO2 + 3CH4 c.CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 d.3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2 e.Al4C3 + 12HCl \uf0ae 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 g.3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O \uf0ae4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl 2. A,B,C l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 NaHSO4, NaHSO3, NaHCO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 159","C\u00e1c PTHH: NaHSO4 + Ba(NO3)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + NaNO3 + HNO3. 2NaHSO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2 2NaHCO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 NaHSO4 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + NaOH + H2O. Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaHSO4 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O. 2NaHSO3 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO3 + 2NaOH + H2O. Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaHSO3 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaSO3 + Na2SO3 + 2H2O. 2NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaCO3 + 2NaOH + H2O. Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 \u2192 BaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O. 10NaHSO3 + 4KMnO4 + H2SO4 \u2192 5Na2SO4 + 2K2SO4 + 4MnSO4 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 124. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (Y1), (Y2), (Y3), (Y4), (Y5), (Y6), (Y7), (Y8) , (Y9). Bi\u1ebft (Y8) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a: (Y1) + (Y2) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (Y3) + H2O (Y3) + (Y4) + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae HCl + H2SO4 (Y4) + (Y5) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + FeCl3 (Y6) + (Y7) + H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (Y4) + Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O (Y8) + (Y9) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + CO2 + H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh An Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2H2S (Y1) + 3O2 (Y2) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 (Y3) + 2H2O SO2 (Y3) + Cl2 (Y4) + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2HCl + H2SO4 3Cl2 (Y4) + 6FeSO4 (Y5) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2FeCl3 10NaCl (Y6) + 2KMnO4 (Y7) + 8H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 5Cl2 (Y4) + 5Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O (NH4)2CO3 (Y8) + 2NaHSO4 (Y9) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + (NH4)2SO4 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 125. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (1) Oxit (X1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X3 \uf0ad +\u2026.. (2) Oxit (Y1) + dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1 (Y2) \uf0ae Y3 \uf0af +\u2026.. (3) Mu\u1ed1i (Z1) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X1+ Z2 \uf0ad +\u2026\u2026 (4) Mu\u1ed1i (Z1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae X3 \uf0ad +\u2026. Bi\u1ebft: \uf0b7 Kh\u00ed X3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, mu\u1ed1i Z1 m\u00e0u t\u00edm. \uf0b7 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: MY1 \uf02b MZ1 \uf03d 300g \/ mol MY2 \uf02d M X2 \uf03d 37,5g \/ mol X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, Y1, Y2, Y3, Z1, Z2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Kh\u00ed X3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c ch\u1ecdn Cl2 Mu\u1ed1i Z1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn KMnO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 160","MY1 = 300 - 158 = 142 v\u00e0 Y1 l\u00e0 oxit \uf0ae Y1: P2O5 X2: HCl; Y2: Ca(OH)2 V\u00ec: MCa(OH)2 \u2013 MHCl = 74- 36,5 = 37,5 X1 l\u00e0 MnO2; Y3 l\u00e0 Ca3(PO4)2; Z2 l\u00e0 O2 MnO2 + 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H2O P2O5 + 3Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae 5Cl2 + 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O C\u00e2u 126. A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kali (88 < MA < 96). B l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a clo (MB < 38). H\u00f2a tan m1 gam ch\u1ea5t A v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m qu\u00ec t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u xanh. H\u00f2a tan m2 gam ch\u1ea5t B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan k\u1ebdm kim lo\u1ea1i. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A, B v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tan trong c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch X, Y, Z. b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014-2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) T\u1eeb d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, suy ra A l\u00e0 K2O; B l\u00e0 HCl; dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a KOH; dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a HCl; dung dich Z ch\u1ee9a KCl v\u00e0 KOH d\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c KCl v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0. b) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: K2O + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH KOH + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae KCl + H2O Zn + 2KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K2ZnO2 + H2 Zn + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 C\u00e2u 127. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, F1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O H2O + Na2O \uf0ae 2NaOH NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O NaCl + AgNO3 \uf0ae AgCl + NaNO3 2NaNO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2NaNO2 + O2 C\u00e2u 128. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a. X1 + H2O \uf0be\u00ae\uf0bepdd\uf0be\uf0ae X2 + H2 \uf0ad + X3 \uf0ad ; mnx b. X2 + X4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + H2O; c. X2 + X3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X1 + NaClO3 + H2O; d. X4 + X5 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + K2SO4 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 161","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X1: NaCl; X2: NaOH; X3: Cl2; X4: Ba(HCO3)2; X5: KHSO4 a. 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00ae\uf0bepdd\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 mnx b. 2NaOH + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O c. 6NaOH + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O d. Ba(HCO3)2 + 2KHSO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 + K2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 129. Ho\u00e0 tan Fe3O4 trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. Dung d\u1ecbch X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Cu, NaOH, Br2, KMnO4, MgSO4, Al, H2S? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014- 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 \u2192 FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, H2SO4 d\u01b0. Dung d\u1ecbch X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cu, NaOH, Br2, KMnO4, Al, H2S. C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra: * Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 \u2192 CuSO4 + 2FeSO4 * H2SO4 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2SO4 + 2H2O FeSO4 + 2NaOH \u2192 Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH \u2192 2Fe(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4. * 3FeSO4 + 1,5Br2 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeBr3 * 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 \u2192 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O * 2Al + 3H2SO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 2Al + 3Fe2(SO4)3 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 6FeSO4 2Al + 3FeSO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Fe * H2S + Fe2(SO4)3 \u2192 2FeSO4 + S + H2SO4 C\u00e2u 130. 1. Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t: Fe, BaCO3, Al2O3, KOH v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaHSO4, AgNO3. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. 2. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Nung KMnO4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A; cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B; \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y FeS2 trong oxi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed D; cho Zn v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed E. a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, D, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00eau tr\u00ean. b. Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, D, E l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015-2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i * V\u1edbi NaHSO4 : Fe + 2NaHSO4 \u2192 FeSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2 \uf0ad (1) BaCO3 + 2NaHSO4 \u2192 BaSO4 \uf0af + Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad (2) Al2O3 + 6NaHSO4 \u2192 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3H2O (3) 2KOH + 2NaHSO4 \u2192 K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O (4) * V\u1edbi AgNO3 : Fe + 2AgNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag (5) N\u1ebfu AgNO3 d\u01b0 th\u00ec Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 \u2192 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (6) BaCO3 + AgNO3 \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 162","Al2O3 + AgNO3 \u2192 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2KOH + 2AgNO3 \u2192 2KNO3 + Ag2O\u2193 + H2O 2. a. Kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 O2, B l\u00e0 kh\u00ed Cl2. D l\u00e0 SO2, E l\u00e0 H2. C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra: 2KMnO4 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad (1) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 \uf0ad + 8H2O (2) 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 \uf0ad (3) Zn + 2HCl \uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 \uf0ad (4) b. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau 2SO2 + O2 \uf0beV\uf0be2O5\uf0be,to \uf0ae 2SO2 (5) 2H2 + O2 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae 2H2O (6) SO2 + Cl2 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae SO2Cl2 (7) H2 + Cl2 \uf0ae 2HCl (8) C\u00e2u 131. 1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh) (NH2)2CO \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae (NH4)2CO3 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae NH3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae N2 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Li3N \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae NH3 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae NO \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae N O2 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae HNO3 2. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y Al2O3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec. C\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed. Cho bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. 3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: A + O2 \uf0ae B+C B + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0be, x t\uf0ae D D+E \uf0ae F D + BaCl2 + E \uf0ae G\uf0af+ H G\uf0af+ H F + BaCl2 \uf0ae AgCl + I J + F + NO \uf0ad + E H + AgNO3 \uf0ae I +A \uf0ae J + NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + K (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015-2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. (NH2)2CO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (NH4)2CO3 (1) (NH4)2CO3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O (2) 4NH3 + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2N2 + 6H2O (3) N2 + 6Li \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Li3N (4) Li3N + 3H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3LiOH + NH3 (5) 4NH3 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 ,xt\uf0be\uf0ae 4NO + 6H2O (3) 2. - \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: Al2O3 \uf0bed\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al + 3\/2O2 - Oxi sinh ra tr\u00ean c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng than ch\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 CO2 + C \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 163","=> kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m: CO; CO2 v\u00e0 O2 d\u01b0. 3. A: L\u00e0 FeS2 ho\u1eb7c FeS FeS2 + O2 \uf0ae SO2 + Fe2O3 (B) SO2+ O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0be,xt\uf0ae SO3 (D) SO3+ H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 (D) (E) (F) SO3 + BaCl2 + H2O \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl (D) (E) (G) (H) H2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl (F) (G) (H) HCl + AgNO3 \uf0ae AgCl \uf0af + HNO3 (H) (I) 8HNO3 + FeS2 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + H2SO4+ 5NO \uf0ad + 2H2O (J) (F) (E) Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3+ 3NaNO3 (J) (K) C\u00e2u 132. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i A, B, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, P, Q v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (1) FeS2 + O2 \uf0ae A + B \uf0ad (5) H + M \uf0aeN (2) B + D \uf0ae E \uf0af + F (6) N + I \uf0ae P\uf0af+ L (v\u00e0ng) (7) P + F + Q \uf0ae K (3) A + G \uf0ae H + F (8) K + G + M \uf0ae N + F (4) H + I \uf0ae K\uf0af + L (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014-2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 (A) (B) (2) SO2 + 2H2S \uf0ae 3S + 2H2O (F) (B) (D) (E) (3) Fe2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (A) (G) (H) (F) (4) FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl (H) (I) (K) (L) (5) 2FeCl3 + Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 (H) (M) (N) (6) FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl (N) (I) (P) (L) (7) 4Fe(OH)2 + 2H2O + O2 \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 (P) (F) (Q) (K) (8) Fe(OH)3 + HCl + Fe \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2O (K) (G) (M) (N) (F) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 164","C\u00e2u 133. Tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 4 l\u1ecd A, B, C, D ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch HCl, CaCl2, NaHCO3, Na2CO3. B\u1ea1n em \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau: - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: cho ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd A v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd C th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: cho ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd C v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd D th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay ra. - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: cho ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd B v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecd D th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay ra. Em h\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n em \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd A, B, C, D \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + CaCO3 NaHCO3 + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + H2O + CO2 Dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd C v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, v\u1eeba t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 2 dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c n\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd C l\u00e0 Na2CO3. Dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd D t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 2 dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c n\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd D l\u00e0 HCl Dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch C t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a n\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd A l\u00e0 CaCl2. Dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch D t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed n\u00ean dung d\u1ecbch trong l\u1ecd B l\u00e0 NaHCO3. C\u00e2u 134. M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng 40, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 12. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X. L\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (1) X + HCl \uf0ae A + \u2026 (2) A + NaOH \uf0ae B \uf0af + \u2026 (3) B \uf0af + NaOHd\u01b0 \uf0ae D + \u2026 (4) D + HCl + \u2026 \uf0ae B \uf0af + \u2026 (5) B \uf0af \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae E + ... (6) E X+ \u2026 Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015-2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i L\u1eadp h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: 2P + N = 40 2P = N + 12 => P = 13, N = 14 , A = 27 => X l\u00e0 Nh\u00f4m (Al) (1) 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2) AlCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (3) Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O (4) NaAlO2 + HCl + H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaCl (5) 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O (6) 2Al2O3 criolit, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y 4Al + 3O2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 165","C\u00e2u 135. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: (X) m\u00e0u \u0111en \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0ael (X1) m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c \uf0be\uf0ae (X2) m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf \uf0be\uf0ae (X3) m\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf \uf0beB\uf0bea(O\uf0beH)\uf0be2\uf0ae (X4) kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u (M) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng (Y) m\u00e0u \u0111en \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0ael (Y1) m\u00e0u xanh lam \uf0be\uf0ae (Y2) m\u00e0u xanh lam \uf0be\uf0ae (Y3) m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4\uf0ae (Y4) m\u00e0u xanh lam Bi\u1ebft X,Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit kh\u00e1c nhau, X1, Y3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau; X2, X3, X4; Y1, Y2, Y4, M l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: M\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u1edf d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: \u2013 Kh\u00ed m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00ed Cl2 \uf0de ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0 MnO2. \u2013 Dung d\u1ecbch m\u00e0u xanh lam (m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Cu2+) \uf0ae ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (Y) m\u00e0u \u0111en l\u00e0 CuO \uf0de Y1: CuCl2 (trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1) \uf0de Y2: dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Cu (c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c g\u1ed1c \u2013Cl) \uf0de Y3: Cu. \u2013 M\u00e0u n\u00e2u \u0111\u1ecf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t Fe(III) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn. \u2013 (M) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba, nh\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c SO4 n\u00ean \uf0ae (M) l\u00e0 BaSO4. - H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: 1- MnO2 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0beF\uf0bee\uf0ae FeCl3 \uf0beA\uf0begN\uf0beO3\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 \uf0beB\uf0bea(\uf0beOH\uf0be)2\uf0ae Ba(NO3)2 BaSO 4 + Cu CuO \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae CuCl2 \uf0beA\uf0begN\uf0beO3\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 \uf0beF\uf0bee\uf0ae Cu \uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 C\u00e2u 136. Hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 B \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t A, B \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong, dung d\u1ecbch clo v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u2013 \u0110HQG H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 oxit ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phi kim v\u1edbi hidro. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y 2 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (A) v\u00e0 (B) c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong (l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m n\u00ean A, B l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a oxit axit ho\u1eb7c axit); t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc clo v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 (l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a n\u00ean A,B c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed). T\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A, B l\u00e0 H2S v\u00e0 SO2. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: A, B l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed => X l\u00e0 phi kim. Theo c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 cho \uf0de A: SO2, B: H2S Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: SO2 + 2H2S \uf0ae 3S + 2H2O 166 SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 \uf0af + H2O Ho\u1eb7c: 2SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(HSO3)2 H2S + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaS + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c: 2H2S + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(HS)2 + 2H2O SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HCl + H2SO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0","H2S + 4Cl2 \uf0ae 4H2O \uf0ae 8HCl + H2SO4 5SO2 + 2H2O + 2KMnO4 \uf0ae K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 3H2S + 2KMnO4 \uf0ae 2KOH + 2MnO2 + 3S \uf0af + 2H2O C\u00e2u 137. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i A,B,D,E,X,Y,Z,T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a. CaCl2 + X \uf0ae CaCO3 + Y b. FeS + A \uf0ae FeCl2 + B c. Fe2(SO4)3 + D \uf0ae K2SO4 + E d. BaCO3 + Z \uf0ae Ba(NO3)2 + T (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X: Na2CO3 \uf0ae Y: NaCl A: HCl \uf0ae B: H2S D: KOH \uf0ae E: Fe(OH)3 Z: HNO3 \uf0ae T: Ba(HCO3)2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH \uf0ae K2SO4 + Fe(OH)3 \uf0af BaCO3 d\u01b0 + 2HNO3 \uf0ae Ba(NO3)2 + Ba(HCO3)2 C\u00e2u 138. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeS2, FeCO3. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c so v\u1edbi H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh (n\u00e2ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i Fe trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 cho l\u00ean h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb III), khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed nh\u01b0 Fe2O3 th\u00ec H2SO4 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7c hay lo\u00e3ng c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh axit. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae 3Fe2(SO4)3 + 10H2O + SO2 \uf0ad FeS2 + H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2S \uf0ad + S \uf0af 2FeS2 + 14H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 14H2O + 15SO2 \uf0ad FeCO3 + H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad . 2FeCO3 + 4H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 4H2O + SO2 \uf0ad + 2CO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 139. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Fe \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Fe3O4 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae CO2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae NaCl \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae FeCl3 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae Fe(NO3) 3 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae NaNO3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 167","Sau khi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau: Fe \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be(t0\uf0be)\uf0ae Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be(t0\uf0be)\uf0ae CO2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHC\uf0bel\uf0ae NaCl \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1pn\uf0bec\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beFe\uf0be(t0\uf0be)\uf0ae FeCl3 \uf0beA\uf0begN\uf0beO3\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0ae NaNO3 C\u00e2u 140. Cho oxit s\u1eaft t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X. a. Dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? b. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Cu, Ag, AgNO3, NaNO3, NaOH l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch X. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) X: FeCl2, FeCl3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O b) -T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cu Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 \u2013T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ag: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u2013T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi AgNO3: FeCl3 + 3AgNO3 \uf0ae 3AgCl \uf0af + Fe(NO3)3 FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 \uf0ae 2AgCl \uf0af + Fe(NO3)2 FeCl2 + 3AgNO3 (d\u01b0) \uf0ae 2AgCl \uf0af + Ag \uf0af + Fe(NO3)3 \u2013T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaNO3 ho\u1eb7c Ag: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH: FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NaCl C\u00e2u 141. 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: + NaOH + HCl A3 + O2 + NH3 (dd) + Br2 (dd) + BaCl2 A7 + AgNO3 t0 A9 A1 (1) A2 (2) (3) A4 (4) A5 (5) A6 (6) (7) A8 (8) Bi\u1ebft A1 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a S v\u1edbi hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 MA1 = 51 (gam\/mol). 2. a. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) khi cho kh\u00ed clo l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t): H2 (k); Fe (r); NaBr (dd); NaOH (dd). b. Cho 0,896 l\u00edt (\u1edf \u0111ktc) Cl2 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X ch\u1ee9a 0,06 mol NaCl; 0,04 mol Na2SO3 v\u00e0 0,04 mol Na2CO3. Sau khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y ch\u1ee9a m gam mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 V l\u00edt (\u1edf \u0111ktc) kh\u00ed Z. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m, V. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u2013 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1- V\u00ec MA1 = 51 (g\/mol) \uf0de A1 l\u00e0 NH4HS Ch\u1ecdn: A2: Na2S A3: H2S A4: SO2 A5: (NH4)2SO3 A9: N2O(Ho\u1eb7c N2) A6: (NH4)2SO4 A7: NH4Cl A8: NH4NO3 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NH4HS + NaOH \uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad + Na2S + H2O (1) Na2S + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2S \uf0ad (2) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 168","2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2SO2 + 2H2O (3) (6) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O \uf0ae (NH4)2SO3 (4) (7) (NH4)2SO3 + Br2 + H2O \uf0ae (NH4)2SO4 + 2HBr (5) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NH4Cl NH4Cl + AgNO3 \uf0ae NH4NO3 + AgCl \uf0af (8) NH4NO3 \uf0be2\uf0be50o\uf0beC\uf0ae N2O + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft: NH4NO3 \uf0be4\uf0be00o\uf0beC\uf0ae N2 + \u00bd O2 + 2H2O (n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn A9 l\u00e0 N2) 2- a) C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Cl2 + H2 \uf0bea\uf0be\/s\uf0ae 2HCl 3Cl2 + 2Fe \uf0bet\uf0be0C\uf0ae 2FeCl3 Cl2 + 2NaBr \uf0ae 2NaCl + Br2 (N\u1ebfu Cl2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3: 5Cl2 + Br2 + 6H2O \uf0ae 10HCl + 2HBrO3) Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O 3Cl2 + 6NaOH \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O b) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi s\u1ee5c Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X (dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc) th\u00ec sinh ra 2 axit HCl (axit m\u1ea1nh), HClO (axit y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh) \uf0ecHClO(cha\u00e1t oxi ho\u00f9a ma\u00efnh) \uf0ecNaCl(kho\u00e2ng pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng) \uf0ee\uf0edHCl (axit ma\u00efnh) \uf0ed\uf0efNa \uf02b \uf0ef\uf0eeNa 2SO3 ( co\u00f9 the\u00e5 T\u00d1 v\u00f4\u00f9i HCl va\u00f8 kh\u00f6\u00fb HClO) 2CO3 (ch\u00e6 tham gia pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng trao \u00f1o\u00e5i v\u00f4\u00f9i HCl) \uf0ae C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: \uf0b7 C\u00e1ch 1: T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp Cl2 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i: Cl2 + Na2SO3 + H2O \u2192 2HCl + Na2SO4 2HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O \uf0b7 C\u00e1ch 2: T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp qua HCl v\u00e0 HClO Cl2 + H2O \uf0ae HCl + HClO HClO + Na2SO3 \uf0ae HCl + Na2SO4 2HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O C\u00e2u 142. 1- Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: CaCO3 \uf0be1\uf0be0000\uf0beC\uf0ae (A) + (B) (A) + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (D) (B) + (D) dung d\u1ecbch \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (E) dung d\u1ecbch (A) + C \uf0bet\uf0beo c\uf0beao\uf0ae (F) + CO (F) + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (D) + (K) \uf0ad (K) + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae (B) + H2O 2- C\u00f3 5 dung d\u1ecbch (m\u1ed7i dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 1 ch\u1ea5t tan) trong 5 l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: Na2CO3, BaCl2, MgCl2, H2SO4, NaOH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau: \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (1) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (2) c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (1) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (4) th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (2) cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u1ecd (4) v\u00e0 l\u1ecd (5). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 169","X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: (A): CaO; (B): CO2 ; (D): Ca(OH)2 ; (E): Ca(HCO3)2 ; (F): CaC2 ; (K): C2H2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 \uf0ad CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 CaO + 3C \uf0be2\uf0be000\uf0be0 C\uf0ae CaC2 + CO CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \uf0ad C2H2 + 5 O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO2 + H2O 2 2. L\u1ecd (1) + l\u1ecd (2) \uf0ae kh\u00ed. V\u1eady (1)v\u00e0 (2) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Na2CO3, H2SO4 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: L\u1ecd (2) + l\u1ecd (4) ho\u1eb7c (5) \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a V\u1eady ch\u1ecdn (2) l\u00e0 Na2CO3 , (1) l\u00e0 H2SO4 ; (4): BaCl2 , (5): MgCl2 C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u1ecd (3) l\u00e0 NaOH \u2013 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc : H2SO4 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad H2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + MgCl2 \uf0ae MgCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl \uf046 L\u01b0u \u00fd: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i n\u00e0y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Ch\u1ea5t Na2CO3 BaCl2 MgCl2 H2SO4 NaOH (2) Na2CO3 \uf0af\uf0af \uf0ad - (4) BaCl2 \uf0af -\uf0af - (5) MgCl2 \uf0af - -\uf0af (1)* H2SO4 \uf0ad \uf0af - Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y HT (3) NaOH - - \uf0af Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y HT Qua b\u1ea3ng ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y: H2SO4 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi BaCl2 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed v\u1edbi Na2CO3 \uf0ae H2SO4 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecd (1) \uf0ae (2): Na2CO3, (4): BaCl2 L\u1ecd (2) Na2CO3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi (4) v\u00e0 (5) m\u00e0 (4) l\u00e0 BaCl2 r\u1ed3i n\u00ean (5) l\u00e0 MgCl2 \uf0ae L\u1ecd c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (l\u1ecd 3) l\u00e0 NaOH C\u00e2u 143. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: C + O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (A) (E) + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae (G) (A) + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (B) (C) + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae (H) + (A) (B) \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae (C) + (A) + H2O (C) + Ca(H2PO4)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (D) + NaH2PO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 170","(D) \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae (E) + (A) (C) + (I) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + (A) + H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110HQG \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ch\u1ecdn: A: CO2 B: NaHCO3 (C): Na2CO3 (D): CaCO3 (E): CaO (H): Na2SiO3 (I): HCl Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0aeNa2CO3 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaSiO3 Na2CO3 + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Na2SiO3 + CO2 \uf0ad Na2CO3 + Ca(H2PO4)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaH2PO4 Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O C\u00e2u 144. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3).(M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng): Al2O3 (3) Al2(SO4)3 NaAlO2 (4) (6) (1) (7) (9) Al Al(OH)3 (2) AlCl3 (5) Al(NO3)3 (8) (10) Al2O3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) 4Al + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al2O3 (2) 2Al + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0be\uf0ae 2AlCl3 Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft: 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 \uf0ad 2Al + 3CuCl2 \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3Cu \uf0af (ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c, y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n Al) (3) Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (4) Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (5) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 \uf0ae Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl \uf0af (6) Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(NO3)2 \uf0ae 2Al(NO3)3 + 3BaSO4 \uf0af Ho\u1eb7c: Al2(SO4)3 + 3Pb(NO3)2 \uf0ae 2Al(NO3)3 + 3PbSO4 \uf0af (7) Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3Na2SO4 (8) Al(NO3)3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NaNO3 (9) Al(OH)3 + NaOH\uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O (10) 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O C\u00e2u 145. 1- Cho hai \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t X, Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y A trong kh\u00ed oxi d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. A l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t X v\u00e0 khi cho CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 171","X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi s\u1eaft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Cho D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A. G\u1ecdi t\u00ean X, Y, A, B, D. 2- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E, F, H v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: + NaOH C +E A t0 B + NaOH + HCl H + NaOH D +F Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng H l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i; B l\u00e0 kh\u00ed d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda); A, B, C, D, E, F, H l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1\u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: X: S (l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh); Y: H2 (hidro); A: H2S (hidro sunfua); B: SO2 (l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit); D: FeS (s\u1eaft (II) sunfua) \u2013 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: S + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae H2S 2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2SO2 + 2H2O 2H2S + SO2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3S + 2H2O S + Fe \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae FeS FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad 2- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: \u0110\u1ec1 cho B + NaOH \uf0ae 2 ch\u1ea5t C (ho\u1eb7cD), 2 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a qua l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit, th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh C l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit, D l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a axit y\u1ebfu. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, B ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 CO2 (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda-trong b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y), H l\u00e0 CaCO3 (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i). A ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh CO2 n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn A l\u00e0 MgCO3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: A: MgCO3; B: CO2; C: NaHCO3; D: Na2CO3; E: Ca(OH)2; F: CaCl2 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0aeMgO + CO2 CO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 + HCl (thi\u1ebfu) \uf0ae NaCl + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl 2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft: NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + NaOH + H2O 3H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + Pb \uf0ae Pb(HSO4)2 + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 146. 1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Al \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeNaAlO2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeAl(OH)3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeAlCl3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeAl(NO3 )3 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0aeAl Al \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0aeAl2O3 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0aeO2 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0aeFe(OH)3 2. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, X1, X2, Y, Y1,Y2 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: X \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae X1 + CO2 ; X1 + H2O \uf0ae X2 ; 172 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0","X2 + Y \uf0ae X + Y1 + H2O ; X2 + 2Y \uf0ae X + Y2 + 2H2O. 3. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi cho: a. Kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0; b. Kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch FeSO4 d\u01b0. 4. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa axit sunfuric v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 1mol axit sunfuric gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra: a. 0,5mol SO2 ; b. 2 mol SO2 ; c. 1mol SO2 ; d. 1\/3 mol SO2 Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1- C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (1) 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad (2) NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 \uf0af Ho\u1eb7c: NaAlO2 + H2O + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + Al(OH)3 \uf0af (3) Al(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae AlCl3 + 3H2O (4) AlCl3 + 3AgNO3 \uf0ae Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl \uf0af (5) 2Al(NO3)3 + 3Mg \uf0ae 3Mg(NO3)2 + 2Al \uf0af (6) 4Al + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Al2O3 (7) 2Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1pn\uf0bec \uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 criolit (8) 2Fe(OH)2 + \u00bd O2 + H2O \uf0ae 2Fe(OH)3 2- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: X: CaCO3 ; X1: CaO ; X2: Ca(OH)2; Y2: Na2CO3 Y: NaHCO3; Y1: NaOH; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + NaHCO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O Ca(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O 3- C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: a) Cl2 + 2NaOH lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae NaClO + NaCl + H2O b) 3Cl2 + 6FeSO4 \uf0ae 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2FeCl3 4- Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 Cu, NaHSO3, Na2SO3, Cu2O C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: a) 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + Cu \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 \uf0ad b) H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng + 2NaHSO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2 \uf0ad c) H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng + Na2SO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad d) 3H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + Cu2O \uf0ae 2CuSO4 + 3H2O + SO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 147. 1- Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00e2y (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): (1) X1 + H2 (2) X2 (3) X1 + NaOH (4) N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen NaCl (5) + Fe (6) X3 (7) Ag (8) AgNO3 FeCl3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 173","2- Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Cho Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A; cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0 Al v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B; nung n\u00f3ng b\u1ed9t Al v\u00e0 S trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxi, r\u1ed3i cho cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed D. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A,B,D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean. b) Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A,B,D l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc brom, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, O2 d\u01b0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vinh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: (nh\u01b0 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (1) 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 \uf0ad Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0bec\uf0beo\u00f9 m\uf0be\u00f1ap\u00f8ndg\uf0bednga\uf0be\u00ean\uf0ae 2NaOH + Cl2 \uf0ad + H2 \uf0ad (2) Cl2 + H2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae 2HCl (3) 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c + MnO2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beun \uf0benhe\uf0be\u00ef\uf0ae MnCl2 + 3H2O + Cl2 \uf0ad (Ho\u1eb7c thay MnO2 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c: PbO2, KMnO4, KClO3, K2Cr2O7 ...) (4) Cl2 + 2NaOH lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O (5) 3Cl2 + 2Fe \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 (6) 2FeCl3 + Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 (7) FeCl2 + 3AgNO3 d\u01b0 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + 2AgCl \uf0af + Ag \uf0af (8) Ag + 2HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae AgNO3 + H2O + NO2 \uf0ad 2- a) A: SO2; B: H2; D: H2S C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A,B,D Cu + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 \uf0ad 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad 2Al + 3S \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0aeAl2S3 Al2S3 + 6H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S \uf0ad b) \u2013T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc brom: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 + 2HBr H2S + 4Br2 + 4H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 + 8HBr \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O H2S + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2S + H2O \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi O2 d\u01b0: 2SO2 + O2 \uf0beV\uf0be2tO0 \uf0be5 \uf0ae 2SO3 2H2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2H2O 2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2H2O + 2SO2 C\u00e2u 148. Cho c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3, BaCl2, MgCl2, H2SO4, Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean (1),(2),(3),(4),(5). Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo b\u1ea3ng sau: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 174","Dung d\u1ecbch (1) (2) (3) (5) (1) \uf0b4 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (2) \uf0b4 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (3) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra (5) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0b4 \uf0b4 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaHCO3, BaCl2, MgCl2, H2SO4, Ba(OH)2 Dung d\u1ecbch (1) (2) (3) (5) (1) \uf0b4 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (2) \uf0b4 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (3) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0b4 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra (5) c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra \uf0b4 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ta th\u1ea5y: \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t (3) t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi 2 ch\u1ea5t (1,2) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t (5). V\u1eady (3) l\u00e0 H2SO4 \uf0ae (5) l\u00e0 NaHCO3 \u2013 Ch\u1ea5t (1) t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi (3): H2SO4 v\u00e0 (5): NaHCO3 \uf0ae (1) l\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae (2) l\u00e0 BaCl2 \uf0ae (4) l\u00e0 MgCl2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + BaCO3 \uf0af + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft: Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 + NaHCO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + NaOH + H2O BaCl2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2HCl H2SO4 + 2NaHCO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 149. 1.1-Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: (a) \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n. (b) Tr\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t CuO v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t than r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4, \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng. (c) Axit flohidric h\u00f2a tan d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng silic \u0111ioxit. (d) Cho men r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (30 \u2013 320C). (e) \u0110\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 clo ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. (g) \u0110un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 sinh ra ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft PTHH minh h\u1ecda. 1.2- Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y: FeS + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae kh\u00ed A + \u2026.. KClO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0,xt\uf0be\uf0ae kh\u00ed B + .... Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae kh\u00ed C + \u2026.. Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1.1- C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 sinh ra ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0: (a), (b), (d), (e) (a) NaCl + H2O \uf0bek\uf0beho\u00e2n\uf0beg\u00f1mp\uf0bead\u00f8ndg\uf0benga\uf0be\u00ean \uf0ae NaClO + H2 \uf0ad (*) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 175","Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0bec\uf0beo\u00f9 m\uf0be\u00f1ap\u00f8ndg\uf0bednga\uf0be\u00ean\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad (1) Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n x\u1ed1p, th\u00ec kh\u00ed clo sinh ra s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O (2) T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (1, 2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (*) (b) 2CuO + C \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 \uf0ad + 2Cu C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 (x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 2 v\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t CuO \u00edt \uf0ae C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0) (d) C6H12O6 \uf0be3m\uf0be0e0n-\uf0be3r2\u00f6\u00f40\uf0beC\u00efu\uf0ae 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 \uf0ad (e) CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl (kh\u00ed hidroclorua) CH4 + 2Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH2Cl2 + 2HCl CH4 + 3Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CHCl3 + 3HCl CH4 + 4Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CCl4 + 4HCl \u1ede th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp: CH4 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl CH3Cl + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH2Cl2 + HCl CH2Cl2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CHCl3 + HCl CHCl3 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CCl4 + HCl 1.2- \u2013 Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed A, B, C FeS + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2S \uf0ad (kh\u00ed A) 2KClO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0,M\uf0benO2\uf0be\uf0ae 2KCl + 3O2 \uf0ad (kh\u00ed B) Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 \uf0ad (kh\u00ed C) \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc khi cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed H2S, O2, SO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t. H2S + 3 O2 d\u01b0 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae SO2 + H2O 2 Ho\u1eb7c: H2S + \u00bd O2 thi\u1ebfu \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae S + H2O 2H2S + SO2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 3S \uf0af + 2H2O 2SO2 + O2 \uf0be4\uf0be00V\uf02d\uf0be24O550\uf0be0 C\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 C\u00e2u 150. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c) NaCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ag \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NO (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110HQG \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0bec\uf0beo\u00f9 m\uf0be\u00f1ap\u00f8ndg\uf0bednga\uf0be\u00ean\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 \uf0ad Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaOH + Zn \uf0ae Na2ZnO2 + H2 \uf0ad H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O Ho\u1eb7c: H2 + Cu2O \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Cu + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 176","Cu + 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag \uf0af Ho\u1eb7c Cu + Ag2SO4 (dd) \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2Ag \uf0af 3Ag + 4HNO3 \uf0ae 3AgNO3 + 2H2O + NO \uf0ad C\u00e2u 151. 1.1 H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,L v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau \u0111\u00e2y: (a) A \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae B + C + D \uf0ad (b) C + E \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae F + G \uf0ad + H2O (c) A + E \uf0ae H + F + G \uf0ad + H2O (d) H + H2O I\uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiec\u00e4n\uf0beop\u00f9 mhaa\uf0be\u00e2n\u00f8ngdu\uf0benngga\u00eand\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae + L \uf0ad + G \uf0ad (e) L + G \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae E Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kali, E l\u00e0 axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 trong d\u1ecbch d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi. 1.2. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y ch\u1ee9ng minh axit axtic m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n axit cacbonic nh\u01b0ng y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n axit sunfuric. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00fd T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecdng \u2013 TP C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1.1 \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: (A): KMnO4; (B): K2MnO4; (C): MnO2; (D): O2 ; (E): HCl; (F): MnCl2; (I): KOH; (L): H2; (G): Cl2 \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (a) 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad (b) MnO2 + 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beun \uf0benhe\uf0be\u00ef\uf0ae MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 \uf0ad (c) 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 8H2O + 5Cl2 \uf0ad (d) 2KCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiec\u00e4n\uf0beop\u00f9 mhaa\uf0be\u00e2n\u00f8ngdu\uf0benngga\u00eand\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2KOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad (e) H2 + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2HCl 1.2 - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: axit m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c axit y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \uf0ae ch\u1ecdn 1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 axit axetic \u0111\u1ea9y CO2 kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00e0 1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1ea9y CH3COOH ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i axetat. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: \u2013 Nh\u1ecf axit axetic v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ef1ng mu\u1ed1i cacbonat (CaCO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 ...) th\u1ea5y s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf CH3COOH m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n H2CO3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng H2CO3 (CO2 + H2O) CH3COOH + NaHCO3 \uf0ae CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad \u2013 Cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 b\u1ed9t CH3COONa v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, khu\u1ea5y cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch, thu l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i cho qua qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm th\u00ec th\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 CH3COOH. V\u1eady H2SO4 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n CH3COOH v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CH3COOH ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i axetat. 2CH3COONa + H2SO4 \uf0ae 2CH3COOH + Na2SO4 (axit H2SO4 kh\u00f4ng bay h\u01a1i) C\u00e2u 152. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc;ghi r\u00f5 di\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). NaCl \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae Cl2 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae HCl \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae FeCl3 \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae CuCl2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 177","2NaCl \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1pnc\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 H2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae 2HCl 6HCl + Fe2O3 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 2FeCl3 + Cu \uf0ae CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 C\u00e2u 153. 1) Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng mu\u1ed1i X, Y, Z ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong b\u1ea3ng sau: M\u1eabu th\u1eed Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Hi\u1ec7n t\u01a3\u01a1ng X ho\u1eb7c Y T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u00ed CO2 Y ho\u1eb7c Z T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0110\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a X T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, \u0111un n\u00f3ng C\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra Z T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 C\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Bi\u1ebft: MX + MZ = 249; MX + MY = 225; MZ + MY = 316. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. 2) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao khi m\u1edf n\u1eafp chai n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 gaz l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Amsterdam \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 \uf0de X, Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i cacbonat (ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c =CO3 ho\u1eb7c -HCO3) X l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i amoni : ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m -NH4 Y ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c -OH ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c =CO3 (n\u1ebfu Y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit) Z l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i Ag+ \uf0ef\uf0ecMX \uf02b MY \uf03d 225 \uf0ef\uf0ecMX \uf03d 79 \uf0ae NH4HCO3 Ta c\u00f3: \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efMMYX \uf02b MZ \uf03d 249 \uf0de \uf0ee\uf0ed\uf0efMMYZ \uf03d 146 \uf0ae Mg(HCO3 )2 \uf02b MZ \uf03d 316 \uf03d 170 \uf0ae AgNO3 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NH4HCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad Mg(HCO3)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2H2O + 2CO2 \uf0ad Mg(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + MgCO3 \uf0af + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c: Mg(HCO3)2 d\u01b0 + NaOH \uf0ae MgCO3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 + H2O 2AgNO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaNO3 + Ag2O \uf0af + H2O AgNO3 + HCl \uf0ae AgCl \uf0af + NaNO3 2) Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gaz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e9n kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed trong chai l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi m\u1edf n\u1eafp chai th\u00ec kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra r\u1ea5t nhanh (t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p). Kh\u00ed CO2 tho\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch n\u00ean ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed (s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang s\u00f4i). C\u00e2u 154. Vi\u1ebft 01 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol \u0111\u00e3 cho (c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) a. SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be1:1\uf0ae b. Ba(HCO3)2 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be1:1\uf0ae c. P + Cl2 \uf0be\uf0be2:3\uf0ae d. Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be1:2\uf0ae e. H3PO4 + KOH \uf0be\uf0be1:3\uf0ae g. CO2 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be1:1\uf0ae (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 178","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be1\uf0be:1\uf0ae CaSO3 \uf0af + H2O ( nOH : nSO2 \uf03d 2 \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a) b. Ba(HCO3)2 + NaOH \uf0be1\uf0be:1\uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 + H2O (H:OH = 2:1 \uf0ae SP c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i axit g\u1ed1c HCO3) c. 2P + 3Cl2 \uf0be2\uf0be:3\uf0be\uf0ae 2PCl3 (3Cl2 \uf0ab 6 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb \uf0ae P h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb III) d. Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 \uf0be1\uf0be:2\uf0be\uf0ae 2CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2 (H : PO4 = 2:1 \uf0ae c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i axit g\u1ed1c \u2013H2PO4) e. H3PO4 + 3KOH \uf0be1\uf0be:3\uf0ae K3PO4 + 3H2O ( nOH : nPO4 \uf03d 3 \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a) g. CO2 + NaOH \uf0be1\uf0be:1\uf0ae NaHCO3 ( nOH : nCO2 \uf03d 1 \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i axit) C\u00e2u 155. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft. A \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae B \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae C \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae Fe \uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 (8) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i FeS2 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae Fe2O3 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae FeO \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae Fe \uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 (8) (1): O2(t0) ; (2),(3),(4): CO (t0) ; (5): HCl ; (6): AgNO3 ; (7): AgNO3 (ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t oxh kh\u00e1c) ; (8): Fe Ho\u1eb7c: FeS2 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae SO2 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae FeSO4 \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae Fe \uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0be\uf0ae F (8) e(NO3)3 (1): O2(t0) ; (2): Br2\/H2O (3): FeO ; (4): Mg ; (5): HCl ; (6): AgNO3, (7): AgNO3; (8): Fe C\u00e2u 156. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc): Na \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeNaOH \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeNaHCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeNaOH \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeNa2SO4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u2013 \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Na + H2O \uf0ae NaOH + \u00bd H2 \uf0ad NaOH + CO2 (d\u01b0) \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + NaOH + H2O 2NaOH + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng SO3 ho\u0103c dd mu\u1ed1i sunfat) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 179","C\u00e2u 157. 1. T\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 10 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp 10 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. 2. X, Y, Z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 oxit, baz\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M. Khi cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t M, X, Y, Z v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0 1 baz\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng tan. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t M, X, Y, Z, A ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 B\u1ea3ng A, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Na2SO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S MnO2 + 4HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c) MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O CaC2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + C2H2 Al4C3 + 12HCl 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 2Na2O2 + 4HCl 4NaCl + O2 + 2H2O Mg3N2 + 6HCl 3MgCl2 + 2NH3 Zn3P2 + 6HCl 3ZnCl2 + 2PH3 2. M c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Na, K, Ca, Ba \u2026; dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 FeCl3 \u2026 6Na + 2FeCl3 + 6H2O 2Fe(OH)3 +6NaCl + 3H2 (1) X: Na2O \u2026 (2) 3Na2O + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 6NaCl Y: NaOH \u2026 3NaOH + FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl (3) Z: Na2CO3 (4) 3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2 C\u00e2u 158. Cho A l\u00e0 ox\u00edt, B l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i, C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi A, B, C, D v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (PTHH) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a) A + HCl \uf0e0 2 Mu\u1ed1i + H2O b) B + NaOH \uf0e0 2 Mu\u1ed1i + H2O c) C + Mu\u1ed1i \uf0e0 1 Mu\u1ed1i d) D + Mu\u1ed1i \uf0e0 2 Mu\u1ed1i (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0e0 FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O b) Ca(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0e0 CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O c) Fe + 2FeCl3 \uf0e0 3FeCl2 d) Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0e0 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 180","C\u00e2u 159. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc): Fe \uf0be(\uf0be1\uf0ae) Fe3O4 \uf0be(2\uf0be\uf0ae) CO2 \uf0be(3\uf0be\uf0ae) NaHCO3 \uf0be(4\uf0be\uf0ae) NaCl \uf0be(5\uf0be\uf0ae) Cl2 \uf0be(6\uf0be\uf0ae) FeCl3 \uf0be(7\uf0be\uf0ae) \uf0be(7\uf0be\uf0ae) Fe(NO3 )3 \uf0be(8\uf0be\uf0ae) NaNO3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) 3Fe + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe3O4 (2) Fe3O4 \uf02b 4CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae3Fe \uf02b 4CO2 (3) CO2 \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 (4) NaHCO3 \uf02b HCl \uf0ae NaCl \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02bH2O (5) 2NaCl + 2H2O \u0111pdd 2NaOH \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02bH2 \uf0ad \uf0bec\uf0be.m\uf0be.n\uf0beg\u0103\uf0ben\uf0ae (6) 3Cl2 \uf02b 2Fe \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2FeCl3 (7) FeCl3 \uf02b 3AgNO3 \uf0ae 3AgCl \uf0af \uf02bFe(NO3 )3 (8) Fe(NO3 )3 \uf02b 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b3NaNO3 C\u00e2u 160. Cho chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft X l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng. A + O2 d\u01b0, t0C C + H2O Y X + O2 d\u01b0, t0C (2) (4) (5) + B (1) + dung d\u1ecbch Y 10M Z + CO d\u01b0, t0C M (7) (6) + M d\u01b0 B (8) N (3) + dung d\u1ecbch Y 0,5M X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110HQG \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: X: FeS2, A: SO2, B: Fe2O3, C: SO3, Y: H2SO4, Z: Fe2(SO4)3, M: Fe, N: FeSO4. \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: (1) 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 \uf0ad (2) 2SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beV\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0be5,4\uf0be5\uf0be0o C\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 (3) Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 (4) SO3 + H2O \u2192 H2SO4 (5) 3H2SO4 + Fe2O3 \u2192 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Fe \u2192 3FeSO4 (7) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 \uf0ad (8) Fe + H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng\u2192 FeSO4 + H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 161. C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch (dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc)? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (a) FeCl3, HNO3; (b) BaCl2, Na2SO4; (c) KHCO3, KOH; (d) Na2SO3, HCl; (e) NaOH, KCl; (f) CuSO4, NaOH; (g) AgNO3, HCl; (h) AlCl3, H2SO4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110HQG \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 181","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau. \uf0ae C\u00f3 5 c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch: (b) BaCl2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NaCl (c) KHCO3 + KOH \uf0ae K2CO3 + H2O (d) Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad (f) CuSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + Na2SO4 (g) AgNO3 + HCl \uf0ae AgCl \uf0af + HNO3 C\u00e2u 162. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a) Dung d\u1ecbch KHCO3 + dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0. b) Al2O3 + dung d\u1ecbch KOH c) SiO2 + dung d\u1ecbch HF d) SO2 + dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 e) Glucoz\u01a1 + Ag2O\/ dung d\u1ecbch NH3 d) Benzen + H2 g) Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n saccaroz\u01a1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit. h) \u0110un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: a) KHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 \u2192 BaCO3\uf069 + KOH + H2O b) Al2O3 + 2KOH \u2192 2KAlO2 + H2O ho\u1eb7c Al2O3 + 2KOH + 3H2O \u2192 2K[Al(OH)4] c) SiO2 + 4HF \u2192 2H2O + SiF4 Silic tetraflorua d) 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O \u2192 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm) e) C6H12O6 + Ag2O (dd) \uf0beN\uf0beH3\uf0be,to \uf0ae C6H12O7 + 2Ag\uf069 d) C6H6 + 3H2 \uf0beN\uf0bei,t\uf0beo ,P\uf0ae C6H12 Ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ebft: Ni,to,P + 3H2 g) C12H22O11 + H2O \uf0bea\uf0bexit\uf0be\uf0ae C6H12O6 (glucoz\u01a1) + C6H12O6 (fructoz\u01a1) h) (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae C3H5(OH)3 + 3RCOONa C\u00e2u 163. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a. FexOy + HCl \uf0ae b. NaHSO3 + NaOH c. M (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n) + H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng \uf0ae d. Cl2 + KBr \uf0ae (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: a) FexOy + 2yHCl \uf0ae xFeCl2y\/x + yH2O b) NaHSO3 + NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 182","c) 2M + 2nH2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae M2(SO4)n + 2nH2O + nSO2 \uf0ad d) Cl2 + 2KBr \uf0ae 2KCl + Br2 C\u00e2u 164. Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t: Fe, BaO, Al2O3 v\u00e0 KOH v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaHSO4, CuSO4. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2NaHSO4 + Fe \uf0ae FeSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2 \uf0ad 2NaHSO4 + BaO \uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 \uf0af + H2O 6NaHSO4 + Al2O3 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + Al2(SO4)3 \uf0af + 3H2O 2NaHSO4 + 2KOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + K2SO4 \uf0af + 2H2O \u2013 T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4: Al2O3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. CuSO4 + Fe \uf0ae FeSO4 + Cu \uf0af CuSO4 + BaO + H2O \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + BaSO4 \uf0af CuSO4 + 2KOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af + K2SO4 C\u00e2u 165. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A,B,D \u2026 FeS2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae A (kh\u00ed) + B(r\u1eafn) A + KOH \uf0ae H + E A + O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae D D + E(l\u1ecfng) \uf0ae F(axit) H + BaCl2 \uf0ae I + K F + Cu \uf0ae G + A + E I + F \uf0aeL +A + E A + Cl2 + E \uf0ae F + M (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: A: SO2 ; B: Fe2O3 ; D: SO3; ; E: H2O ; F: H2SO4 ; G: CuSO4; H: K2SO4 ; I: BaSO3 ; K: KCl ; L: BaSO4 ; M: HCl. \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 8SO2 + 2Fe2O3 (2) 2SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be4\uf0be5\uf0be0\uf0be0\uf0beC\uf0be,\uf0beV\uf0be2\uf0beO\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 (3) SO3 + H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 (4) 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + Cu \uf0ae CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 \uf0ad (5) SO2 + 2KOH \uf0ae K2SO3 + H2O (6) K2SO3 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO3 \uf0af + 2KCl (7) BaSO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad (8) SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 + 2HCl C\u00e2u 166. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau \u0111\u00e2y: Fe3O4 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Al \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Cu \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae NaCl \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae NaClO \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be9)\uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sau: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 183","Fe3O4 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beAl\uf0be(t0\uf0be)\uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0bec\uf0be\u00f1rip\uf0beonlci\uf0bec\uf0ae Al \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCu\uf0beSO\uf0be4 \uf0ae Cu \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02bN\uf0beaH\uf0beSO\uf0be4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beBa\uf0beCl2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beBa\uf0beCl2\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl \uf0bek\uf0beho\uf0be\u00e2ng\u00f1\uf0bempad\u00f8n\uf0bedg n\uf0bega\u00ea\uf0ben\uf0ae NaClO \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be2\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCa\uf0be(O\uf0beH)2\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 CaCO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be2\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO\uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0beN\uf0beaH\uf0beSO\uf0be4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \u2013 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00f3: Cu + \u00bd O2 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + CuSO4 + H2O (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi cho Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl ho\u1eb7c H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed O2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c) NaClO + H2O + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 + HClO (Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra v\u00ec NaClO l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu (HClO), y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 H2CO3) NaCl + H2O \uf0bek\uf0beho\uf0be\u00e2ng\u00f1\uf0bempad\u00f8n\uf0bedg n\uf0bega\u00ea\uf0ben\uf0ae NaClO + H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 167. 1- Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p? N\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i (CO2, SO2...) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh? 2- Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1) (X) + HCl \uf0ae (X1) + (X2) + H2O (2) (X1) + NaOH \uf0ae (X3) \uf0af + (X4) (3) (X1) + Cl2 \uf0ae (X5) (4) (X3) + H2O + O2 \uf0ae (X6)\uf0af (5) (X2) + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae (X7) (6) (X7) + NaOH \uf0ae (X8) \uf0af + (X9) + \u2026 (7) (X8) + HCl \uf0ae (X2) + \u2026 (8) (X1) + (X9) \uf0ae (X) + (X4) Bi\u1ebft X l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft; % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi trong X l\u00e0 41,379%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb X \u0111\u1ebfn X9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1- Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gang, th\u00e9p, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a gang, th\u00e9p (S\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a 9 \u2013NXB GDVN trang 61) C\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2, SO2, NOx, b\u1ee5i kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt (c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: \u2013 CO2: g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. \u2013 C\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i SO2, NOx: l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a cao h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y m\u01b0a axit l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ... \u2013 C\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n gang, th\u00e9p (c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i), c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0: b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh m\u1eaft ... (Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 t\u1ea5n th\u00e9p s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb 0,5 - 1 t\u1ea5n x\u1ec9, 10.000m3 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, 100 kg b\u1ee5i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u01b0: Axit, ki\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, h\u1ee3p kim... th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng luy\u1ec7n kim, kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n 60%.) 2- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: X l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Fe v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl t\u1ea1o 3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \uf0ae X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Fe3O4 ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit H2CO3 ho\u1eb7c H2SO3. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: X ch\u1ee9a 41,379% oxi n\u00ean \uf0ae X l\u00e0 FeCO3. \uf0ae X1: FeCl2 ; X2: CO2 ; X3: Fe(OH)2, X4: NaCl ; X5: FeCl3 ; CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 184","X6: Fe(OH)3 ; X7: Ba(HCO3)2 ; X8: BaCO3 ; X9: Na2CO3 H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (1) FeCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O (2) FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl (3) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 (4) 2Fe(OH)2 + H2O + \u00bd O2 \uf0ae 2Fe(OH)3 (5) 2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 (6) Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + Na2CO3 + 2H2O (7) BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad (8) FeCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae FeCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl C\u00e2u 168. X, Y, Z l\u00e0 3 ch\u1ea5t tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m 3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau: \u0111\u1ea1m, l\u00e2n v\u00e0 kali cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. \u2013 Cho d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 \u0111un s\u00f4i, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed m\u00f9i khai bay ra. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, X t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl. \u2013 Dung d\u1ecbch Y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0. \u2013 Dung d\u1ecbch Z t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Theo \u0111\u1ec1: X,Y,Z ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N, P, K v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n \u0111\u01a1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: X + NaOH \uf0ae NH3 ; X + BaCl2 \uf0ae k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 X kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HCl. \uf0ae V\u1eady X l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i amoni: (NH4)2SO4 Y + Na2CO3 d\u01b0 \uf0ae k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. V\u1eady Y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n: Ca(H2PO4)2 Z + AgNO3 \uf0ae k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ; Z kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi BaCl2. V\u1eady Z l\u00e0 KCl. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t: Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u2013 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: (NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2NH3 \uf0ad (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NH4Cl Ca(H2PO4)2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaH2PO4 KCl + AgNO3 \uf0ae AgCl \uf0af + KNO3 C\u00e2u 169. Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 8,56 gam m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i clorua v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y. L\u1ea5y 25 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y \u0111em t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,87 gam mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. a) T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i clorua \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng (mu\u1ed1i X). b) T\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i X, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: + NaOH (Y1) + H2O + KOH + \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t A Kh\u00ed (G1) (X) (Y2) kh\u00ed (Y3) + \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t B Kh\u00ed (G2) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Amsterdam \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 185","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Theo \u0111\u1ec1: 25ml Y \uf0ae 2,87 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a AgCl V\u1eady 200ml Y \uf0ae mAgCl \uf03d 2,87.200 \uf03d 22,96(g) 25 n AgCl \uf03d 22, 96 \uf03d 0,16(mol) 243, 5 \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i clorua l\u00e0: RClx RClx + xAgNO3 \uf0ae xAgCl \uf0af + R(NO3)x 0,16 \uf0ac0,16 (mol) x Ta c\u00f3: MR \uf02b 35, 5x \uf03d 8, 56 \uf03d 53, 5x \uf03d\uf03e MR \uf03d 18x 0,16 \/ x Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 x = 1; MR = 18 l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n (-NH4). V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i clorua l\u00e0: NH4Cl b) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: NH4Cl + NaOH + H2O Cl2 + KOH + Na H2 \uf0ad NaCl\u0111p c\u00f3 m.n H2O +C CO \uf0ad C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: NH4Cl + NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + NH3 \uf0ad + H2O 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\u00f1p\uf0bedd \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 \uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad co\u00f9 ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean Cl2 + 2KOH lo\u00e3ng \uf0ae KCl + KClO + H2O 2H2O + 2Na \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 H2O (h\u01a1i) + C (n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO + H2 C\u00e2u 170. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2,\u2026 X8 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1i k\u00e9p) a) X1 \uf02b X2 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b Na2SO4 \uf02b (NH4 )2 SO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf02b H2O b) X3 \uf02b X4 \uf0ae Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b SO2 \uf02b H2O c) X5 \uf02b X6 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b Na2SO4 \uf02b Al2(SO4 )3 \uf02b H2O d) X7 \uf02b X8 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b (NH4 )2 SO4 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Huy\u1ec7n C\u1ea9m Kh\u00ea \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: a) 2KNaSO3 \uf02b 4NH4HSO4 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b Na2SO4 \uf02b 2(NH4)2SO4 \uf02b 2SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b2H2O b) 2FeS2 \uf02b 14H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 15SO2 \uf02b 14H2O c) 8KHSO4 \uf02b 2NaAlO2 \uf0ae 4K2SO4 \uf02b Na2SO4 \uf02b Al2(SO4 )3 \uf02b 4H2O d) K2CO3 \uf02b 2NH4HSO4 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b (NH4 )2 SO4 \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02bH2O \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1 v\u00e0 X2, X3 v\u00e0 X4, X5 v\u00e0 X6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i cho nhau. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 186","C\u00e2u 171. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: C + O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (A) (A) + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (B) (B) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (C) + (A) + H2O (D) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (E) + (A) (E) + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (G) (C) + SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (H) + (A) (C) + Ca(H2PO4)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (D) + NaH2PO4 (C) + (I) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + (A) + H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0: (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (G) (H) (I) CO2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 CaCO3 CaO CaSiO3 Na2SiO3 HCl - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 (1) (A) CO2 \uf02b NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae NaHCO3 (2) (A) (B) 2 NaHCO3 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2CO3 \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O (3) (B) (C) (A) CaCO3 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad (4) (D) (E) (A) CaO \uf02b SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \u00a0CaSiO3 (5) (E) (G) Na2CO3 \uf02b SiO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae\u00a0Na2SiO3 \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad (6) (C) (H) (A) Na2CO3 \uf02b Ca(H2PO4 )2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2NaH2PO4 (7) (C) (D) Na2CO3 \uf02b 2 HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 2NaCl \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O (8) (C) (I) (A) C\u00e2u 172. Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t: Fe, BaO, Al2O3 v\u00e0 KOH v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaHSO4, CuSO4. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4: Fe + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2 \uf0ad BaO + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O N\u1ebfu BaO d\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a BaO v\u1edbi H2O c\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4 BaO \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Al2O3 + 6NaHSO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 187","2KOH + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O - V\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4: Fe + CuSO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + Cu BaO \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 \uf02b CuSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b Cu(OH)2 \uf0af Al2O3 + CuSO4 \uf0ae kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2KOH\u00a0\uf02b CuSO4 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b Cu(OH)2 \uf0af C\u00e2u 173. Cho c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch sau: Ba(NO3)2, K2CO3, MgCl2, KHSO4 v\u00e0 Al2(SO4)3. Nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7p dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeKBa2C(NOO3 3 )2 Ba(NO3 )2 \uf02b K2CO3 \u00a0\uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2KNO3 \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0eeKBaH(SNOO43 )2 Ba(NO3)2 \uf02b KHSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b HNO3 \uf02b KNO3 Ba(NO3 )2 \uf02b 2KHSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b 2HNO3 \uf02b K2SO4 \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efABal2((NSOO34))23 3Ba(NO3 )2 \uf02b Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf0ae 3BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b 2Al(NO3 )3 \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0edKM2gCCOl23 MgCl2 \uf02b K2CO3 \uf0ae MgCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2KCl MgCl2 \uf02b K2CO3 \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2KCl \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecKKH2CSOO34 KHSO4 \u00a0\uf02b K2CO3 \uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b KHCO3 (1) 2KHSO4 \u00a0\uf02b K2CO3 \uf0ae 2K2SO4 \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad\u00a0\uf02b H2O (2) N\u1ebfu cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb KHSO4 v\u00e0o K2CO3 th\u00ec l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (2) v\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ea7u KHSO4 thi\u1ebfu. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) v\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ea7u KHSO4 d\u01b0 \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0eeKAl22C(OSO3 4 )3 3K2CO3 \uf02b Al2 (SO4 )3 \u00a0\uf02b 3H2O \uf0ae \u00a02Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3K2SO4 \uf02b 3CO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 174. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) Oxit + axit \uf0ae 2 mu\u1ed1i + oxit. b) Mu\u1ed1i + kim lo\u1ea1i \uf0ae 2 mu\u1ed1i. c) Mu\u1ed1i + baz\u01a1 \uf0ae 2 mu\u1ed1i + 1 oxit. d) Mu\u1ed1i + kim lo\u1ea1i \uf0ae 1 mu\u1ed1i. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Fe3O4 + 8HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O b) 2FeCl3 + Cu \uf0ae 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 c) 2KHCO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae K2CO3 + Na2CO3 + 2H2O d) 2FeCl3 + Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 188","C\u00e2u 175. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a: X \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae X1 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X3 \uf0be\uf0beBa(\uf0beOH\uf0be)2 \uf0ae X4 ma\u00f8u \u00f1en kh\u00ed ma\u00f8u va\u00f8ng lu\u00efc ma\u00f8u na\u00e2u\u00f1o\u00fb ma\u00f8una\u00e2u \u00f1o\u00fb kho\u00e2ng ma\u00f8u Mke\u00e1t tu\u00fbatra\u00e9ng \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be Y \uf0be\uf0beHC\uf0bel \uf0ae Y1 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y3 \uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \uf0be\uf0ae Y4 ma\u00f8u \u00f1en ma\u00f8uxanh lam ma\u00f8uxanh lam ma\u00f8u \u00f1o\u00fb ma\u00f8uxanh lam Bi\u1ebft X, Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c oxit kh\u00e1c nhau; X1, Y3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau; X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y4, M l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: (X) (X1) (X2) (X3) (X4) (M) MnO2 Cl2 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 (Y2) (Y) (Y1) Cu(NO3)2 (Y3) (Y4) CuO CuCl2 Cu CuSO4 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: MnO2 \uf02b 4HCl(\u00f1a\u00ebc) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\u00a0 (1) X X1 2Fe \uf02b 3Cl2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 FeCl3 (2) X1 X2 FeCl3 \uf02b 3AgNO3 \uf0ae Fe(NO3 )3 \uf02b 3AgCl \uf0af (3) X2 X3 2 Fe(NO3)3 \uf02b 3Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3Ba(NO3)2 (4) X3 X4 CuO \uf02b 2HCl \uf0ae CuCl2 \uf02b H2O (5) Y Y1 CuCl2 \uf02b 2AgNO3 \uf0ae Cu(NO3 )2 \uf02b 2AgCl \uf0af (6) Y1 Y2 Fe \uf02b Cu(NO3 )2 \u00a0\uf0ae Fe(NO3 )2 \uf02b Cu\u00a0 (7) (8) Y2 Y3 Cu \uf02b 2H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O Y3 Y4 Ba(OH)2 \uf02b CuSO4 \u00a0\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af \uf02b Cu(OH)2 \uf0af (9) X4 Y4 M C\u00e2u 176. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa hai oxit (m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh) a) T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh axit. b) T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh baz\u01a1. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 189","c) T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i. d) Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) SO3 + H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 b) CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 c) CaO + CO2 \uf0ae CaCO3 d) Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 C\u00e2u 177. Ch\u1ecdn 8 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 khi cho m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v\u00e0 H2O. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: V\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 (Fe, S, O, H) \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t (Fe) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 S, O, H. V\u1eady 8 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0: Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, FeS, FeS2, FeSO4, Fe(OH)2, FeSO3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O 2FeO + 4H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O 2FeS + 10H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 9SO2 + 10H2O 2FeS2 + 14H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 15SO2 + 14H2O 2FeSO4 + 2H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 2H2O 2Fe(OH)2 + 4H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 6H2O 2FeSO3 + 4H2SO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 4H2O C\u00e2u 178. Cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Oxit (X1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \uf0ae (X3) \uf0ad + \u2026 (1) Oxit (Y1) + dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1 (Y2) \uf0ae (Y3) \uf0af + \u2026 (2) Mu\u1ed1i (Z1) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (X1) + (Z2) \uf0ad + \u2026 (3) Mu\u1ed1i (Z1) + dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae (X3) \uf0ad + \u2026 (4) Bi\u1ebft kh\u00ed X3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, mu\u1ed1i Z1 m\u00e0u t\u00edm, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: MY1 \uf02b MZ1 \uf03d 300, MY2 \uf02d MX2 \uf03d 37,5 . X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, Y1, Y2. Y3, Z1, Z2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh ho\u1ea1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - Kh\u00ed X3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 Cl2. Mu\u1ed1i Z1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u00edm n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 KMnO4. - Ta c\u00f3 MY1 \uf02b MZ1 \uf03d 300 \uf0db MY1 \uf03d 300 \uf02d 158 \uf03d 142 \uf0de Y1 l\u00e0 P2O5 (142 \u0111vC) MZ1 - Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2): dung d\u1ecbch baz\u01a1 (Y2) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u00e0 Ca(OH)2 v\u00ec MCa(OH)2 \uf02d M HCl \uf03d 74 \uf02d 36,5 \uf03d 37,5 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 190","\uf0de k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (Y3) l\u00e0 Ca3(PO4)2. - Dung d\u1ecbch axit (X2) tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (4) t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c Cl2 (X3) l\u00e0 HCl \uf0de oxit (X1) l\u00e0 MnO2. - Mu\u1ed1i KMnO4 (Z1) k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) \uf0de kh\u00ed (Z2) l\u00e0 O2 \u25cf Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: MnO2 \uf02b 4 HCl\u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b MnCl2 \uf02b 2H2O (X1) (X2 ) (X3 ) P2O5 \uf02b 3Ca(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae Ca3(PO4 )2 \uf0af \uf02b 3H2O (Y1) (Y2 ) ( Y3 ) 2 KMnO4 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnO2 \uf02b O2 \uf0ad \uf02b K2MnO4 (Z1) (X1) (Z2 ) 2 KMnO4 \uf02b 16 HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 2KCl \uf02b 8H2O (Z1) (X2 ) (X3 ) C\u00e2u 179. Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 8,56 gam m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i clorua v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y. L\u1ea5y 25 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y \u0111em t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,87 gam mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. a) T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i clorua \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng (mu\u1ed1i X). b) T\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i X, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: \uf0be\u00d1\uf0be\u00f4n\uf0becha\uf0be\u00e1t A\uf0be\uf0aeKh\u00ed G1 X \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0ae Y1 \uf0beH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0aeKh\u00ed Y2 \uf0beK\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae Y3 \uf0be\u00d1\uf0be\u00f4n\uf0becha\uf0be\u00e1t B\uf0aeKh\u00ed G2 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i clorua l\u00e0 RClm Trong 25 ml dung d\u1ecbch Y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a: m RCl m \uf03d 25 .8,56 \uf03d 1, 07(gam) 200 RClm + mAgNO3 \uf0ae R(NO3)m + mAgCl\uf0af Theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ta c\u00f3 nRClm \uf03d 1 nAgCl \uf03d 1 . 2,87 \uf03d 0,02 (mol) m m 143,5 m \uf0de R \uf02b 35,5m \uf03d 1,07 \uf03d 53,5m \uf0db R \uf03d 18m 0, 02 m Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p nghi\u1ec7m m = 1, R= 18 (NH4+) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \uf0de mu\u1ed1i X l\u00e0 NH4Cl. b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NH4Cl \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae NaCl \uf02b NH3 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O X Y1 2 NaCl \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiem\u00e4n\uf0beap\u00f8nhga\uf0ben\u00e2ngdau\u00ean\uf0benxgod\u00e1p\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0ae 2NaOH \uf02b Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Y1 Y2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 191","Cl2 \u00a0\uf02b 2KOH \uf0ae KCl \uf02b KClO \uf02b H2O Y2 Y3 2 H2O \uf02b 2 Na \uf0ae 2NaOH \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Y3 A G1 H2O (h\u00f4i) \u00a0\uf02b C (nung\u00f1o\u00fb) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO \uf0ad \uf02b H2 \uf0ad Y3 B G2 C\u00e2u 180. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Mu\u1ed1i A + axit B \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i C + mu\u1ed1i D + n\u01b0\u1edbc (1) Mu\u1ed1i D + mu\u1ed1i E + n\u01b0\u1edbc \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i C + hi\u0111roxit F + oxit G (2) Mu\u1ed1i A + oxit G + n\u01b0\u1edbc \uf0ae hi\u0111roxit F + mu\u1ed1i H (3) Mu\u1ed1i H + mu\u1ed1i I \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i K + mu\u1ed1i C + oxit G + n\u01b0\u1edbc (4) Mu\u1ed1i L + axit B \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae mu\u1ed1i M + oxit G + oxit N + n\u01b0\u1edbc (5) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2 NaAlO2 \uf02b 4 H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 4H2O (1) A BC D Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3Na2CO3 \uf02b 3H2O \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 \uf02b 2 Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3CO2 \uf0ad (2) DE CF G NaAlO2 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b NaHCO3 (3) AG FH 2 NaHCO3 \uf02b 2 KHSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b K2SO4 \uf02b 2 CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O (4) H I C KG 2 FeCO3 \uf02b 4 H2SO4(\u00f1a\u00ebc) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 2CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 4H2O (5) LB M GN C\u00e2u 181. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bX\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae B\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bX\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b..\uf0be.\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae D\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be P +Y M \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beX\uf02b\uf0be... \uf0be\uf0ae N Q \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b \uf0bey \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae R Cho bi\u1ebft: - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Na. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t M v\u00e0 N l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Al. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t P, Q, R l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ba. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t N, Q, R kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. - X l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. - Y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i Na, dung d\u1ecbch Y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf qu\u00ec t\u00edm. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 \u2013 T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 192","\u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - Kh\u00ed X kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong l\u00e0 CO2. - Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Na m\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf qu\u00ec t\u00edm (m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 NaHSO4. (C\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Na kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u00ec t\u00edm ho\u1eb7c qu\u00ec t\u00edm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u xanh). - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0: A: NaOH B: Na2CO3 D: NaHCO3 X: CO2 Y: NaHSO4 M: N: Al(OH)3 P: Q: BaCO3 R: BaSO4 NaAlO2 Ba(HCO3) 2 NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bC\uf0beO2 \uf0be\uf0ae Na2CO3 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bC\uf0be\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH\uf0be2\uf0beO\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be Ba(HCO3)2 +NaHSO4 NaAlO2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be2 \uf02b\uf0beH2O\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 BaCO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bN\uf0beaHS\uf0beO4 \uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae 2NaHCO3 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 NaHCO3 + NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O NaAlO2 + CO2 d\u01b0 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O \uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 + 6NaCl + 3CO2 2NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + Na2CO3+ 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c NaHCO3 \uf02b Ba(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b NaOH \uf02b H2O BaCO3 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaHSO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + 2NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 182. a) Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: KMnO4 + HCl \uf0ae kh\u00ed A FeS + HCl \uf0ae kh\u00ed B Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae kh\u00ed C Al + NaOH + H2O \uf0ae kh\u00ed D b) Cho kh\u00ed A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed D, kh\u00ed B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed C, kh\u00ed A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed B trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed C trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2KMnO4 \uf02b 16HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 2KCl \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 8H2O A FeS \uf02b 2HCl\u00a0\uf0aeFeCl2 \uf02b H2S \uf0ad B Na2SO3 \uf02b H2SO4 \u00a0\uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O C CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 193","2Al \uf02b 2NaOH \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 \uf02b 3H2 \uf0ad D b) Cl2 \uf02b H2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2HCl AD 2 H2S \uf02b SO2 \uf0ae 3S \uf0af \uf02b 2H2O BC 4 Cl2 \uf02b H2S \uf02b 4H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 \u00a0\uf02b\u00a08HCl AB Cl2 \uf02b SO2 \uf02b 2H2O\u00a0\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf02b 2HCl AC C\u00e2u 183. Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3,... X20 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh) \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: (1) X1 + X2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cl2 + MnCl2 + KCl + H2O (2) X3 + X4 + X5 \uf0ae HCl + H2SO4 (3) X6 + X7 (d\u01b0) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 + H2O (4)X8 + X9 + X10 \uf0ae Cl2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O (5) KHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf0ae X11 + X12 + X13 (6) Al2O3 + KHSO4 \uf0ae X14 + X15 + X16 (7) X17 + X18 \uf0ae BaCO3 + CaCO3 + H2O (8) X19 + X20 + H2O \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + CO2 + NaCl (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (1) 2KMnO4 \uf02b 16 HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 2KCl \uf02b 2MnCl2 \uf02b 5Cl2 \uf0ad \uf02b 8H2O X1 X2 (2) SO2 \uf02b Cl2 \uf02b 2 H2O \uf0ae \u00a02HCl \uf02b H2SO4 X3 X4 X5 (3) 2 H2S \uf02b 3O2 (d\u00f6) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O X6 X7 (4) 2 KMnO4 \uf02b10 NaCl \uf02b 8 H2SO4 (\u00f1a\u00ebc) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0aeK2SO4 \uf02b 5Na2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 5Cl2 + 8H2O X8 X9 X10 (5) KHCO3 \uf02b Ca(OH)2 \u00a0\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b KOH \uf02b H2O X11 X12 X13 (6) Al2O3 \uf02b 6KHSO4 \u00a0\uf0ae Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3K2SO4 \uf02b 3H2O X14 X15 X16 (7) Ba(OH)2 \uf02b Ca(HCO3 )2 \u00a0\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b BaCO3 \uf0af \uf02b 2H2O X17 X18 (8) 2 FeCl3 \uf02b 3Na2CO3 \uf02b 6H2O\u00a0\uf0ae 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 6NaCl \uf02b 3CO2 \uf0ad X19 X20 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 194","C\u00e2u 184. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (a) H2O + Na + X1 \uf0ae X2 \uf0af + \u2026 + X3 (b) X2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X5 + H2O (c) X1 + X4 \uf0ae X2 \uf0af + X3 (d) BaCl2 + X1 \uf0ae X6 + BaSO4 \uf0af X1 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a X1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a X2 l\u00e0 62 gam. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2007 - 2008) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - V\u00ec MX1 \uf03d MX2 \uf02b 62 \uf0de X1 v\u00e0 X2 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 CuSO4 va\u00f8 Cu(OH)2 . 160 \u00f1vC 98\u00f1vC - T\u1eeb m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 X3 X4 X5 X6 NaOH CuO CuCl2 Na2SO4 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (a) 2H2O \uf02b 2Na \uf02b CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b H2 \uf0ad \uf02b Na2SO4 X1 X2 X3 (b) Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuO \uf02b H2O X2 X5 (c) CuSO4 \uf02b 2 NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b Na2SO4 X1 X4 X2 X3 (d) BaCl2 \uf02b CuSO4 \u00a0\uf0ae CuCl2 \uf02b BaSO4 \uf0af X1 X6 C\u00e2u 185. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau (bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng (A), (B), (C),\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1): Cl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02bA\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae B \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02d\uf02b\uf0beHFe2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae C \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02d\uf02bNEa\uf0beCl \uf0be\uf0ae F \uf0be\uf0be\uf02d\uf0be\uf02bHB2\uf0beO \uf0be\uf0ae C +O2 + H2O G \uf0be\uf0be\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H \uf02d H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cl2 \u00a0\uf02b H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 HCl AB 2 HCl \uf02b Fe \uf0ae FeCl2 \uf02b H2 \uf0ad BC FeCl2 \uf02b 2 NaOH\u00a0\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0af \uf02b 2NaCl CE F Fe(OH)2 \uf02b 2 HCl \u00a0\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf02b 2H2O F BC CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 195","4 Fe(OH)2 \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf02b 2H2O \u00a0\uf0ae 4 Fe(OH)3 FG 2 Fe(OH)3 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2O3 \uf02b 3H2O GH C\u00e2u 186. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: A + ? \uf0ae Na2SO4 + ? Bi\u1ebft 6 gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,65 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Long An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t A: - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \uf0de A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i sunfat M2(SO4)x M2(SO4)x + xBaCl2 \uf0ae xBaSO4 + 2MClx - Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: nM2 (SO4 )x \uf03d 1 nBaSO4 \uf03d 1 .11,65 \uf03d 0, 05 x x 233 x Ta c\u00f3: 2M \uf02b 96x \uf03d 6 \uf03d 120x \uf0db M \uf03d 12x 0, 05 x Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7m x = 2, M = 24 (Mg) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \uf0de A l\u00e0 MgSO4. \u25cf Ph\u01a3\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: MgSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 MgSO4 + Na2SO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + MgSO3 MgSO4 + Na2SiO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + MgSiO3 3MgSO4 + 2Na3PO4 \uf0ae 3Na2SO4 + Mg3(PO4)2 MgSO4 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + MgCO3 MgSO4 + Na2CO3 + H2O \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + CO2 C\u00e2u 187. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. FeS2 + O2 \uf0ae (A) + (B) (A) + HCl \uf0ae (D) + H2O (D) + NaOH \uf0ae (E) + (F) (E) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (A) + H2O (B) + O2 \uf0ae (G) (G) + H2O \uf0ae (H) (H) + ( I) \uf0ae (J) + H2O (B) + (K) + H2O \uf0ae (H) + (L) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 \u2013 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 4FeS2 \uf02b 11O2 \u00a0\uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2 Fe2O3 \uf02b 8SO2 \uf0ad AB Fe2O3 \uf02b 6HCl\u00a0\uf0ae 2 FeCl3 \uf02b 3H2O\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AD FeCl3 \uf02b 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af \uf02b 3NaCl D EF CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 196","2 Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2O3 \uf02b 3H2O EA 2 SO2 \uf02b O2 \u00a0\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo ,p\uf0be,\uf0beV2O\uf0be\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0ae 2 SO3 BG SO3 \uf02b H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 GH H2SO4 \u00a0\uf02b 2 NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b 2H2O HI J SO2 \uf02b Br2 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 \uf02b 2 HBr BK L H C\u00e2u 188. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2,..., X7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: a) X1 + X2 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + FeCl3 b) X3 + X4 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O c) X5 + X6 + H2O \uf0ae NaAlO2 + H2 d) M2On + X7 \uf0ae M2(SO4)m + SO2 + H2O (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2FeCl3 3CaO + 2H3PO4 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2O 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 M2On + (2m - n)H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae M2(SO4)m + (m - n)SO2 + (2m - n)H2O C\u00e2u 189. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, X, Y, D, E, F, H v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng H l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n, X l\u00e0 kh\u00ed sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda). + NaOH Y +E A \uf0be\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X + NaOH + HCl H + NaOH D + F (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u25cf X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: - H l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n \uf0de H l\u00e0 CaCO3 - X l\u00e0 CO2 v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda \uf0de A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i cacbonnat d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n nh\u01b0 MgCO3, BaCO3,... - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 YDE F NaHCO3 Na2CO3 Ca(OH)2 mu\u1ed1i tan c\u1ee7a canxi nh\u01b0 CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2 \u25cf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MgO + CO2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 197","CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 + HCl \uf0ae NaHCO3 + NaCl NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + NaOH + H2O Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaCl C\u00e2u 190. Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb A1 \u0111\u1ebfn A6. 1) AlCl3 + A1 + H2O \uf0ae A2 + CO2 + NaCl 2) A2 + A3 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4 + H2O 3) A1 + A3 \uf0ae CO2 + \u2026 4) A2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae A4 + H2O 5) A4 + A3 + H2O \uf0ae A2 + A5 + \u2026 6) A1 + NaOH \uf0ae A6 + H2O 7) Al2(SO4)3 + A6 + H2O \uf0ae A2 + CO2 + \u2026 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2004 - 2005) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) 2AlCl3 \uf02b 6 NaHCO3 \uf0ae 2 Al(OH)3 \uf02b 6CO2 \uf02b 6NaCl A1 A2 \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: Mu\u1ed1i NaHCO3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh (khi th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m) nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, mu\u1ed1i AlCl3 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit \uf0de Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean (Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 \u2013 Ban n\u00e2ng cao) 2) 2 Al(OH)3 \uf02b 6 NaHSO4 \uf0ae Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3Na2SO4 \uf02b 6H2O A2 A3 3) NaHCO3 \uf02b NaHSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O A1 A3 4) 2 Al(OH)3 \uf02b Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(AlO2 )2 \uf02b 4H2O A2 A4 5) Ba(AlO2 )2 \uf02b 2 NaHSO4 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0ae 2 Al(OH)3 \uf02b BaSO4 \uf02b Na2SO4 A4 A3 A2 A5 \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: A5 l\u00e0 BaSO4 ho\u1eb7c Na2SO4 Ho\u1eb7c Ba(AlO2)2 \uf02b NaHSO4 \uf02b H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf02b BaSO 4 \uf02b NaAlO 2 A4 A3 A2 A5 \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: A5 l\u00e0 BaSO4 ho\u1eb7c NaAlO2 6) NaHCO3 \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 \uf02b H2O A1 A6 7) Al2 (SO4 )3 \uf02b 3Na2CO3 \uf02b 3H2O \uf0ae 2 Al(OH)3 \uf02b 3CO2 \uf02b 3Na2SO4 A6 A2 C\u00e2u 191. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam H2O n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft): a) XH3 + MnO2 \uf0ae Mn3O4 + XO b) KXO2 + KI + H2SO4 \uf0ae I2 + XO + K2SO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 198","c) Ag + HXO3 \uf0ae AgXO3 + XO d) XO2 + C \uf0ae CO2 + XO e) XO + O2 \uf0ae XO2 f) XO + XH3 \uf0ae X2 Cho bi\u1ebft X2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i X2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \uf0de X2 l\u00e0 N2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng a) 4NH3 + 15MnO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 5Mn3O4 + 4NO + 6H2O b) 2KNO2 + 2KI + 2H2SO4 \uf0ae I2 + 2NO + 2K2SO4 + 2H2O c) 3Ag + 4HNO3 \uf0ae 3AgNO3 + NO + 2H2O d) 2NO2 + C \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 + 2NO e) 2NO + O2 \uf0ae 2NO2 f) 6NO + 4NH3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 5N2 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 192. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: 1) X1 + X2 \uf0ae MnBr2 + Br2 + H2O 2) X3 + X4 + X5 \uf0ae HCl + H2SO4 3) A1 + A2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 + H2O 4) B1 + B2 \uf0ae NH3 + Ca(NO3)2 + H2O 5) Ca(X)2 + Ca(Y)2 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O 6) D1 + D2 + D3 \uf0ae Cl2 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O 7) FexOy + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 8) CxHy(COOH)2 + O2 \uf0ae CO2 + H2O 9) NH3 + CO2 \uf0beP\uf0becao\uf0be, to\uf0becao\uf0be\uf0ae E1 + E2 10) CrO3 + KOH \uf0ae F1 + F2 (bi\u1ebft CrO3 l\u00e0 oxit axit) 11) KHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 (d\u01b0) \uf0ae G1 + G2 + G3 12) Al2O3 + KHSO4 \uf0ae L1 + L2 + L3 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean KHTN \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1) MnO2 + 4HBr (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnBr2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2) SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HCl + H2SO4 3) 2H2S + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 + 2H2O 4) 2NH4NO3 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 5) Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H2O 6) 2KMnO4 + 10NaCl + 8H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae 5Cl2 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Na2SO4 + 8H2O 7) FexOy + yH2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae xFe + yH2O 8) CxHy(COOH)2 + (x \uf02b y \uf02b 1 ) O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (x + 2)CO2 + y \uf02b 2 H2O 4 2 2 9) 2NH3 + CO2 \uf0be1\uf0be80\uf0be\uf02d20\uf0be0o C\uf0be\uf0ae (NH2)2CO + H2O 200 atm CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 199","10) CrO3 + 2KOH \uf0ae K2CrO4 + H2O 11) KHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf0ae CaCO3 + KOH + H2O 12) Al2O3 + 6KHSO4 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3K2SO4 + 3H2O C\u00e2u 193. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sau: a) Ho\u00e0 tan Fe (b\u1ed9t) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Cl2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. b) \u0110\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng Ag ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m H2S m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian. c) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch PdCl2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2007 - 2008) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Fe + H2SO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2 6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2Fe2(SO4)3 + 2FeCl3 b) 4Ag + 2H2S + O2 \uf0ae 2Ag2S + 2H2O c) CO + PdCl2 + H2O \uf0ae Pd + CO2 + 2HCl \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft CO v\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Pd. C\u00e2u 194. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra khi: a) Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1. b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111en. c) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Cl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch FeBr2. d) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed NO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH. e) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch KOH. g) Cho Au v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cc\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y\u201d. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Khi nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1 th\u00ec H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 H v\u00e0 O ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 cacbon. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cacbon sinh ra b\u1ecb H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c oxi h\u00f3a t\u1ea1o ra CO2, SO2 v\u00e0 H2O. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C12H22O11 \uf0beH\uf0be2S\uf0beO4\uf0be\u00f1a\u00ebc\uf0be\uf0ae 12C + 11H2O C + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O b) 2KNO3 + 3C + S \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2S + 3CO2 + N2 c) 3Cl2 + 2FeBr2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 2Br2 5Cl2 (d\u01b0) + Br2 + 6H2O \uf0ae 10HCl + 2HBrO3 (*) d) 2KOH + 2NO2 \uf0ae KNO3 + KNO2 + H2O e) Cl2 + 2KOH \uf0ae KCl + KClO + H2O \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: N\u1ebfu \u0111un n\u00f3ng (80oC) th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 sau: 3Cl2 + 6KOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O g) N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxi h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01b0\u1eddng toan, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vua hay n\u01b0\u1edbc Ho\u00e0ng gia v\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 v\u00e0ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 Vua c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khi tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 v\u00e0 HCl theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1 : 3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol (trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n theo theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch VHCl : VHNO3 \uf03d 1: 3 ) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Au + HNO3 + 3HCl \uf0ae AuCl3 + NO + 2H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 200"]