LUYỆN-SÁCH CHINH PHỤC HÓA 9

["II. \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 56(32): C\u00f3 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, kh\u00ed CO2, \u1ed1ng \u0111ong chia \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. C\u00e2u 57(34): T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 NaCl, NH4Cl, CO2, h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf NH4HCO3, Na2CO3 tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e2u 58(35): C\u1ea7n tr\u1ed9n kh\u00ed CO v\u00e0 CO2 theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed oxi \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t? C\u00e2u 59(37): N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf K v\u00e0 Ba t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p BaCO3 v\u00e0 K2CO3. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 60(38): T\u1eeb s\u1eaft (III) oxit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eaft (II) clorua theo hai c\u00e1ch. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u00e2u 61(39): C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau oxit axit trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CO2, Ca(OCl)2, CO, MgO, SO2, Fe3O4, NO. H\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed7i oxit axit \u0111\u00f3 theo 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. C\u00e2u 62(41): Mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf canxi sunfat t\u1eeb l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 canxi c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u00edt nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 63(42): Vi\u1ebft 4 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ra: a) Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. b) Dung d\u1ecbch CuCl2. C\u00e2u 64(44): N\u00eau 4 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed SO2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 65(45): Vi\u1ebft 4 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i tan v\u00e0 2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra kim lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u 66(46): Vi\u1ebft 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuSO4 b\u1eb1ng 4 c\u00e1ch khac nhau m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 67(49): Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a 5 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeCl3. C\u00e2u 68(50): T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Na2O, HCl, H2O, Al c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t m\u1edbi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 69(51): Vi\u1ebft 6 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit. C\u00e2u 70(52): H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft 6 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf NaOH l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb natri v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a natri. C\u00e2u 71(53): Vi\u1ebft 7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ZnCl2 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e2u 72(55): T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, than \u0111\u00e1, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Ca(OH)2, CaCl2, Ca(HCO3)2, clorua v\u00f4i, so\u0111a, n\u01b0\u1edbc giaven. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 351","C\u00e2u 73(56): H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: NaCl, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2SO4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean? C\u00e2u 74(57): Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh ch\u1ebf NaCl t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m NaHCO3, Na2CO3, CaCl2, NaCl. C\u00e2u 75(58): T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: a) Natri cacbonat. b) Natri hi\u0111rocacbonat. c) Canxi clorua. d) N\u01b0\u1edbc giaven. C\u00e2u 76(59): Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, KMnO4, Cu, C, P, NaCl, Zn, S, H2O, CaCO3, Fe2O3, Ca(OH)2, K2SO4, Al2O3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: H2, O2, CuSO4, H3PO4, CaO, Fe. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 77(60): Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: CaSO4, FeCl3, H2SiO3 t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CaCO3, Fe2O3, SiO2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 78(61): C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5t sau: KCl, H2O, MnO2, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf HCl, Cl2, KClO3. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. C\u00e2u 79(62): T\u1eeb s\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft, vi\u1ebft 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeSO4. C\u00e2u 80(63): Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m FeS2, CuS, Na2O. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, x\u00fac t\u00e1c,... ). H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeSO4, Cu(OH)2. C\u00e2u 81(64): T\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng pirit (FeS2), NaCl, H2O, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 Fe(OH)3. C\u00e2u 82(65): C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: CaCO3, H2O, CuSO4, KClO3, FeS2. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: V\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, v\u00f4i t\u00f4i, CuO, CuCl2, Ca(OCl)2, CaSO4, KOH, Fe2(SO4)3. Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e2u 82(66): Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i khan: Na2SO4, CuCl2, FeCl3. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i Na, Cu, Fe ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e2u 83(67): T\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft, natri clorua, oxi, n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: FeSO4, FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)3, Na2SO3, NaHSO4. C\u00e2u 84(68): T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Fe3O4 h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: a) FeCl3. b) FeCl2. C\u00e2u 85(69): T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng apatit, qu\u1eb7ng pirit, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf supephotphat \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 supephotphat k\u00e9p. C\u00e2u 86(70): Cho c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Fe3O4, KMnO4, HCl. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeCl3. C\u00e2u 87(71): T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, qu\u1eb7ng pirit, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf s\u1eaft (II) clorua v\u00e0 s\u1eaft (III) sunfat. C\u00e2u 88(72): H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m. A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf A b\u1eb1ng 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e2u 89(86*): Kali clorat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t di\u00eam, ph\u00e1o hoa v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kali clorat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho kh\u00ed clo \u0111i qua n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i \u0111un n\u00f3ng, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi KCl v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 cho kali clorat k\u1ebft tinh (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1). Kali clorat c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch KCl 25% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 70 \u0111\u1ebfn 75oC (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2). Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kali clorat. C\u00e2u 90(87*): Ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb Na2SO3, NH4HCO3, Al, MnO2, O2, c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0 HCl c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 352","C\u00e2u 91(89*): Cho c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t CaCO3, NaCl, H2O v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m 2 mu\u1ed1i Na2CO3 v\u00e0 NaHCO3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0 1 : 1. C\u00e2u 92(90): Cho c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t sau: S, Fe, NaCl, MgCO3 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u00eam ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t (x\u00fac t\u00e1c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7) h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 7 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, 8 oxit v\u00e0 4 baz\u01a1. C\u00e2u 93(91): Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t natriclorua, canxiclorua, mangan\u0111ioxit, axitsunfuric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c. \u0110em tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau: a) Tr\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh hi\u0111roclorua? b) Tr\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed clo? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 94( 92): a) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n gang. b) T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng manhetit (ch\u1ee9a 10% t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u01a1) c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 t\u1ea5n gang ch\u1ee9a 5% cacbon. Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t 90%. III. T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 95.17: Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed CO2 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): P2O5, Fe3O4, H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c), Na, CaO. C\u00e2u 96.18: Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00ed NH3 m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed NH3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y: H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c, P2O5, CaO, KOH khan? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 97.19: Kh\u00ed CO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 SO2. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi CO b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 98.20: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111ioxit c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro clorua, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh \u0111ioxit v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 99.23: B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed sau trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: a) SO2 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p SO2 v\u00e0 CO2. b) CO2 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO2 v\u00e0 CH4. C\u00e2u 100.25: Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch Ag2O ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Ag2O, SiO2, Al2O3. C\u00e2u 101.26: Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e3y: a) T\u00e1ch FeO ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p FeO, Cu, Fe b) T\u00e1ch Ag ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag C\u00e2u 102.27: H\u00e3y l\u00e0m tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau: a) FeCl3 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn Fe2(SO4)3. b) NaOH c\u00f3 l\u1eabn Na2SO4. c) O2 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn CO2,, SO2. C\u00e2u 103.28: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X g\u1ed3m: Cu, Ag, MgO. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1. C\u00e2u 104.31: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m H2, CO2, H2S v\u00e0 N2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 105.33*: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Zn, Fe v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B g\u1ed3m Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3. L\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xong thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn C g\u1ed3m 3 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D g\u1ed3m 2 mu\u1ed1i. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p C v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng mu\u1ed1i ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch D. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 106.37: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n), t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch CuCl2 t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 3 ch\u1ea5t tan l\u00e0 CuCl2, BaCl2, AlCl3. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 353","C\u00e2u 107.38: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7) h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m CuO, NaCl, CaCl2. C\u00e2u 108.39: N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau: Al2O3, CuO, FeS, K2SO4. C\u00e2u 109.40: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Al2O3, CuO, CuCl2, AlCl3. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 110.41: H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m BaCO3, CuO NaCl, CaCl2 sao cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e2u 111.42: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t sau ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m AlCl3, Al2O3, CuCl2, KCl, CuO. C\u00e2u 112.45: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m CuO, CuCl2, AlCl3, Al2O3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e2u 113.46*: T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau Zn, ZnO, Fe, Fe2O3 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sao cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e2u 114.47*: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed NO ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00ed N2, NO, NO2, SO2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. IV. PH\u01af\u01a0NG TR\u00ccNH H\u00d3A H\u1eccC V\u00d4 C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 115.31: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: Fe3O4 \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0ae Al \uf0ae Cu \uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf0ae NaCl \uf0ae NaClO Na2SO4 \uf0ac Ca(HCO3 )2 \uf0ac CaCO3 \uf0ac NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 116.32: C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t: AlCl3, Al, Al2O3, Al(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 2 d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed7i d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e2u 117.33: Cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t sau: Na2O, Na, NaOH, Na2CO3, AgCl, NaCl. a) H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh hai d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a? b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed7i d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a? C\u00e2u 118.34: Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Al2O3, Al(NO3)3, NaAlO2, Al2(SO4)3, Al(OH)3, AlCl3, Al. H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 119.35: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: FeS2 + (A) \uf0ae (C) + (B)\u2191 (1) (B) + (A) \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo , p\uf0be\uf0be,V2O\uf0be\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0ae (D)\u2191 (2) (D) + (X) \uf0ae (E) (3) Cu + (E) \uf0ae (F) + (B) + (X) (4) (B) + KOH \uf0ae (G) + (X) (5) (G) + BaCl2 \uf0ae (H)\u2193 + (I) (6) (H) + (E) \uf0ae (K)\u2193 + (B) + (X) (7) (B) + (L) + (X) \uf0ae (E) + (M) (8) Bi\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i dung d\u1ecbch, E v\u00e0 M \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf. C\u00e2u 120.36: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, \u2026, X5 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 354","AlCl3 + X1 \uf0ae X2 + CO2 + NaCl (1) X2 + X3 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + Na2SO4 + H2O (2) X1 + X3 \uf0ae CO2 + ... (3) X2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae X4 + H2O (4) X1 + NaOH \uf0ae X5 + H2O (5) C\u00e2u 121.38: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng cho bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sau (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch) (A) \uf02b O2 \uf0ae (B) \uf02b (C) (1) (B) \uf02b O2 x\u00f3c t\u00b8c, to (D) (2) (D) \uf02b (E) \uf0ae (F) (3) (D) \uf02b BaCl2 \uf02b (E) \uf0ae (G) \uf02b (H) (4) (F) \uf02b BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf02b HCl (5) (H) \uf02b AgNO3 \uf0ae AgCl \uf02b (I) (6) (I) \uf02b (A) \uf0ae (J) \uf02b (F) \uf02b NO \uf02b (E) (7) (I) \uf02b (C) \uf0ae (J) \uf02b (E) (8) (J) \uf02b NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf02b (K) (9) C\u00e2u 122.39: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: FeS2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae A + B B + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae D B + NaOH \uf0ae E + G D + NaOH \uf0ae F + G E + BaCl2 \uf0ae H + M F + BaCl2 \uf0ae I + M D+G \uf0ae L B+G+X \uf0ae L+Y Y + AgNO3 \uf0ae T + Z (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng) C\u00e2u 123.41: H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau \u0111\u00e2y: a) X + O2 \uf0ae XO2 b) X + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae XO2 + Y c) XO2 + CaO \uf0ae Z d) Z + HCl \uf0ae T + XO2 + Y e) XO2 + Y + KMnO4 \uf0ae H2XO4 + MnXO4 + K2XO4 f) XO2 + O2 \uf0ae XO3 g) XO2 + H2X (kh\u00ed) \uf0ae X + Y T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a XO2. C\u00e2u 124.42: Kh\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 16 gam b\u1ed9t oxit s\u1eaft A b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed CO \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn gi\u1ea3m 4,8 gam. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft A. b) T\u1eeb oxit s\u1eaft A, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (A) + CO \uf0ae (B) + CO2 (B) + HCl \uf0ae (C) + H2 (C) + Cl2 \uf0ae (D) (C) + NaOH \uf0ae E) + (G) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 355","(D) + NaOH \uf0ae (F) + (G) (E) + ... + ... \uf0ae (F) (E) + ... \uf0ae A + H2O (F) \uf0ae A + H2O C\u00e2u 125.43: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7t trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c (A) + HCl \uf0ae (B) + (D) (A) + HNO3 \uf0ae (E) + NO + (D) (B) + Cl2 \uf0ae (F) (B) + NaOH \uf0ae (G) + NaCl (E) + NaOH \uf0ae (H) + NaNO3 (G) + (I) + (D) \uf0ae (H) (F) + AgNO3 \uf0ae (E) + (J) (F) + (K) \uf0ae (B) C\u00e2u 126.44: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: A1 + A2 \uf0ae A3 + A4 (3) (1) A3 + A5 \uf0ae A6 + A7 (5) (2) A6 + A8 \uf0ae A9 + A10 (4) A9 + A5 \uf0ae A6 + A11 A9 + A12 + A11 \uf0ae A13 A13 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae A1 + A11 (6) Bi\u1ebft A6 l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i s\u1eaft clorua, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y 6,35 gam A6 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 19,75 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb A1 \u0111\u1ebfn A13 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 127.45: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: MnO2 + HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae kh\u00ed X + \u2026 KClO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae kh\u00ed Y + \u2026 NH4Cl (r\u1eafn) + NaNO2 (r\u1eafn) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae kh\u00ed Z + \u2026 FeS + HCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae kh\u00ed M + ... Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed X, Y, Z , M ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhau (t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t) \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. H\u00e3y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 128.46: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, E,\u2026 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p r\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau (bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, G l\u00e0 phi kim) A+B \uf0ae C+D+E D+G+E \uf0ae B+X BaCl2 + C \uf0ae Y + BaSO4 Z+Y \uf0ae T+A T + G \uf0ae FeCl3 C\u00e2u 129.47: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: a) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae B + C + D b) B + NaOH \uf0ae E + F c) E + O2 + D \uf0ae G d) G \uf0ae Q + D e) Q + CO (d\u01b0) \uf0ae L + X g) L + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae B + H2 C\u00e2u 130.48: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: (A) + (B) \uf0ae (C) (1) (C) + (D) \uf0ae (E) (2) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 356","(C) + (D) + (F) \uf0ae (G) + (H) (3) (E) + (F) \uf0ae (G) + (H) (4) Bi\u1ebft (H) l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf gi\u1ea5y qu\u00ec t\u00edm v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. C\u00e2u 131.49: H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: KClO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae A + B A + MnO2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae C + ? + ? + ? A \uf0ae G+C G + F \uf0ae E + H2 C + E \uf0ae ? + ? + H2O C\u00e2u 132.50: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: R1 + O2 \uf0ae R2 (kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc) R3 + R4 \uf0ae R5 R2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0be0 , p\uf0be\uf0be,V2O\uf0be\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0ae R3 R2 + R4 + Br2 \uf0ae R5 + R6 H2S + R2 \uf0ae R1 + R4 R5 + Na2SO3 \uf0ae R2 + R4 + R7 C\u00e2u 133.51: Bi\u1ebft A, B, C l\u00e0 ba mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ba axit kh\u00e1c nhau, D v\u00e0 F \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: A+D \uf0ae E+F+G B+D \uf0ae H+F+G C+D \uf0ae I+F+G H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn A, B, C th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh D, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 134.52: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (A), (B), (T), (D), (G), (E), (H), (I), (Z), (L), (M). Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: (A) \uf0ae (B) + (T) + (D) (T) + (E) \uf0ae (G) + (I) + (H) (A) + (E) \uf0ae (Z) + (G) + (I) + (H) (Z) + (H) \uf0ae (L) + (I) + (M) H\u00e3y ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - (D), (I), (M) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed (I) c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi kh\u00ed CH4 l\u00e0 4,4375. - \u0110\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a 2,8 gam ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m (L) th\u00ec c\u1ea7n 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 0,25M. C\u00e2u 135.53: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i trong ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a) (M) + HCl \uf0ae (A1) + H2 b) (M) + H2SO4 \uf0ae (B1) + (B2) + H2O c) (A1) + Cl2 \uf0ae (A2) d) (A2) + NaOH \uf0ae (E) (r\u1eafn) + (A3) e) (B1) + NaOH \uf0ae (E) (r\u1eafn) + (B3) f) (E) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae (F) + H2O C\u00e2u 136.54: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: a) FeS2 + \u2026 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 + \u2026 b) NaHSO4 + Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0ae ... + \u2026 + \u2026 + \u2026 c) CH3COONa + ... \uf0beC\uf0beaO\uf0be,to\uf0be\uf0ae \u2026 + \u2026 d) Ca(HCO3)2 (d\u01b0) + NaOH \uf0ae ... + ... + ... CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 357","e) Cu + ... \uf0ae CuSO4 + \u2026 g) P2O5 + NaOH (d\u01b0) \uf0ae \u2026 + \u2026 C\u00e2u 137.56: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3,\u2026 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: X1 + X2 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O X1 + X3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O X2 + X4 \uf0ae X3 + H2O X2 + X5 \uf0ae X3 + CaCO3 + H2O C\u00e2u 138.57: A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Cho bi\u1ebft: A + B \uf0ae C + H2O B \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae C + D + H2O (D l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cacbon) D + A \uf0ae B ho\u1eb7c C 1) H\u1ecfi A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean? 2) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) khi cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ca(OH)2. C\u00e2u 139.58: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (5) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) v\u00e0 (6) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i. A, B, R, D, E v\u00e0 F l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. A \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae B \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae R (1) CaCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeCaSO4 (5) X Y D \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae E \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae F C\u00e2u 140.59: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. Bi\u1ebft X l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng, Y l\u00e0 kh\u00ed sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. ZT C\u00e2u 141.60: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, C ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 A (4) (1) B c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau SO2 (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng), ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i axit, B l\u00e0 oxit axit, C l\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh. (6) (5) (3) (2) C C\u00e2u 142.61: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae T (4) (1) Fe Fe (5) (8) Y \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae Z CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 358","C\u00e2u 143.62: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be(2Y)\uf0be\uf0aeG \uf02b H2O (1) G \uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be3) \uf0be\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bedd\uf0beBr2\uf0be\uf0ae A \uf02b B (4) (5) Z \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be(6A)\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf02b T Cho bi\u1ebft G l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi kim, X l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. C\u00e2u 144.63: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: FeCl2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Fe(OH)3 (3) (4) (7) FeCl3 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae Fe2O3 C\u00e2u 145.64: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: S\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be((12))\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeSO2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be((34))\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be((56))\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCuSO4 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be((78))\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCuS (9) (10) (11) (12) Na2SO3 Cu(OH)2 C\u00e2u 146.66: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beB\uf0ae R \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beD\uf0be\uf0ae E \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beF\uf0aeCaCO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beP \uf0be\uf02b T\uf0be\uf0aeCa(HCO3 )2 CaCO3 P \uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beX\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeQ \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b Y\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae L \uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beZ \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeCaCO3 C\u00e2u 147.67: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t M, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1: \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be\uf02dHHC2\uf0bel\uf0ae A1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCl2\uf0be\uf0ae A2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beN\uf02dAa\uf0beO3H\uf0be\uf0ae E M \uf0be\uf02d\uf0be\uf02bBH2\uf0be2\uf02dSHO2\uf0be4O\uf0ae B1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beN\uf02daB\uf0beO3 H\uf0be\uf0ae E \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae F H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u: N \uf0be\uf02b\uf02d\uf0beAB\uf0ae K t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 N + A \uf0ae K + B. C\u00e2u 148.68: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: FeCl2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae R D \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0be, to\uf0be\uf0ae M \uf02b M \uf02b Cl2 D E \uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNaO\uf0beH \uf0be\uf0ae F CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 359","C\u00e2u 149.69: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, E, F, R v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: R X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO\uf0ae Y F \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeR \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeX E (Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng R l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n) C\u00e2u 150.70: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b(2M) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b(3N\uf0be) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z (1) \uf0be(\uf0be4) \uf0aeCaCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be6) \uf0aeCaCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be8) \uf0aeCaCO3 CaCO3 D \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be5) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeG \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(7)\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae R X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i X, Y, Z,.... Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1 (Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau). C\u00e2u 151.71: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(1\uf0be) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be2) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y R \uf02b HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(3\uf0be) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be4) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae T \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be5) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H Bi\u1ebft R l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau. X, Y, Z, T, H l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. C\u00e2u 152.72: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: X (1) (2) Fe2O3 (5) FeCl2 (3) (4) Y C\u00e2u 153.73: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: FeSO4 \uf0be\uf0be(2)\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3 )2 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 (1) (4) Fe (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Fe2O3 (5) Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf0be(\uf0be11)\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(NO3 )3 \uf0be(\uf0be12)\uf0be\uf0aeFe(OH)3 (13) C\u00e2u 154.74: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3, m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: X + HCl \uf0ae Y + D + H2O. 360 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO","C\u00e2u 155.75: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: X \uf0ae X1 + CO2 X1 + H2O \uf0ae X2 X2 + Y \uf0ae X + Y1 + H2O X2 + 2Y \uf0ae X + Y2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 156.76: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a : A +X, to A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b Y\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beG\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beE\uf0aeG A +Z, to Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng A + HCl \uf0ae D + G + H2O. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i A, B,\u2026 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 157.77: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1: \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae A1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beX\uf0be\uf0ae A2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beY\uf0be\uf0ae A3 Fe(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae B1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beZ\uf0ae B2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beT\uf0ae B3 T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, X, Y, Z, T. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 158.78: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: (A, X, Y, D, H, E,\u2026 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng nhau) A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b M\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b I \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae E Cu(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Cu(OH)2 Y \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b \uf0beN \uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b L\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeG C\u00e2u 159.79: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, X, Y, D, E, F, H v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng H l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ea5n, X l\u00e0 kh\u00ed sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft l\u1eeda). + NaOH Y +E A \uf0be\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X + NaOH + HCl H + NaOH D + F (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 160.80: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO\uf0be2 \uf0ae X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beY\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beF\uf0be\uf0ae FeSO4 FeS2 361 E \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beD\uf0be\uf0ae H \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beI\uf0ae K \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beL\uf0be\uf0ae M \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe2O3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO","H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, X, Y, D, E, H, I, K, M, F, L r\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 161.81: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, D, E, G, M. Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Mg v\u00e0 Cu. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO\uf0be2 d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beN\uf0bea\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecdkuhn\u00ed Eg d\u00f2ch D \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0ee ke\u00e1t tu\u00fba G \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beE\uf0be,to \uf0ae M C\u00e2u 162.82: Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be5) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be8) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae E (1) Fe (3) (4) (7) (10) (2) Y \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be6) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae T \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(\uf0be9) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae F Trong \u0111\u00f3 X, Y, Z, T, E , F l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Fe. C\u00e2u 163.83: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, X, Y, D, E (h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cu) trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeY \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeD Cu E \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeY \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeA \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeE C\u00e2u 164.84: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1: \uf0ae A \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0bel\uf0ae X \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0aeY \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0aeA \uf0beB\uf0bea(\uf0beOH\uf0be)2\uf0be\uf0ae E (ke\u00e1t tu\u00fbatra\u00e9ng) G \uf0beX\uf0be\uf0aeS NaOH \uf0aeF \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0bel\uf0aeG \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0aeH \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0aeF \uf0beA\uf0begN\uf0beO\uf0be3 \uf0ae T (ke\u00e1t tu\u00fba\u00f1en) C\u00e2u 165.85: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: X(kh\u00ed) \uf0be\uf0beO\uf0be2 \uf0be\uf0ae A \uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae E(dd) \uf0be\uf0beB\uf0beaC\uf0bel2 \uf0be\uf0ae R(ra\u00e9n) FeS2 O2 Y(ra\u00e9n) \uf0be\uf0beHC\uf0bel \uf0ae D(dd) \uf0be\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae F(ra\u00e9n) \uf0be\uf0bedd\uf0beE \uf0be\uf0aeG(dd) C\u00e2u 166.86: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t electron, proton, n\u01a1tron l\u00e0 48, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 16. 1) T\u00ecm nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R. 2) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). H2R \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae RO2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae RO3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae H2RO4.nRO3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae H2RO4 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae RO2 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae R C\u00e2u 167.87: Ba h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a natri l\u00e0 X, Y, Z c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 sau: X \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be2 \uf0ae Y \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bedun\uf0beg d\u00f2c\uf0behZ\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beX\uf0ae Z X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 362","C\u00e2u 168.88: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: A1 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0betAo 2\uf0be\uf0ae A3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beA1\uf0be0 \uf0ae A5 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beA6\uf0be\uf0ae A7 \uf0bex\uf0be\uf02bt,At6\uf0beo \uf0ae A8 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beA9\uf0be\uf0ae A10 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0betAo1\uf0be1 \uf0ae A7 Bi\u1ebft A1 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb III. A10 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng s\u00e1nh, dung d\u1ecbch lo\u00e3ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng tan trong c\u00e1c axit lo\u00e3ng, A5 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u00f9i tr\u1ee9ng th\u1ed1i. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 169.89: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau: Phi kim \uf0ae oxit axit (1) \uf0ae oxit axit (2) \uf0ae axit \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i tan \uf0ae mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tan. a) T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thay cho t\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 170.90: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau: M \uf0ae N \uf0ae P \uf0ae Q\uf0af \uf0ae R\uf0af \uf0ae T \uf0ae M Cho bi\u1ebft M l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 2 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 (II) v\u00e0 (III). C\u00e2u 171.91: C\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sau: X \uf0ae Y \uf0ae Z \uf0ae Y \uf0ae X. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: X l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a phi kim T. Y v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a T. Dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t Y l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecf qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. Z l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i kali, trong \u0111\u00f3 kali chi\u1ebfm 52,35% v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 172.92: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 A, B, C, D, E th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. A \uf0beP\uf0be.\u00ad t\uf0beh\u00d5\uf0ae B \uf0beP\uf0be.\u00ad h\uf0beo\u00b8\uf0beh\u00ee\uf0bep\uf0ae C \uf0beP\uf0be.\u00ad t\uf0berun\uf0beg ho\uf0be\u00af\uf0ae D \uf0beP\uf0be.\u00ad t\uf0berao\uf0be\u00ae\u00e6i\uf0ae E \uf0beP\uf0be.\u00ad p\uf0beh\u00a9n\uf0behu\uf0be\u00fb\uf0ae A C\u00e2u 173.93: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Ca3P2 \uf0ac\uf0be1\uf0be P \uf0be2\uf0be\uf0ae P2O5 \uf0be3\uf0be\uf0ae H3PO4 \uf0be4\uf0be\uf0ae Na2HPO4 \uf0be5\uf0be\uf0ae Na3PO4 \uf0be6\uf0be\uf0aeAg3PO4 C\u00e2u 174.94: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: Y \uf0ac\uf0be\uf02bH\uf0beC\uf0bel\uf0be E \uf0ac\uf0be\uf02bN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0be Y \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf02b\uf0be\uf02bc\uf0be\uf0beaoc\uf0bex\uf0bebiot\uf0ben\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae X \uf0ac\uf0be\uf02bC\uf0beO\uf0be2\uf0be cacbon \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO\uf0be2\uf0be\uf0ae Y C\u00e2u 175.95: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, B1, D, E, G th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: A \uf0ae B \uf0ae D \uf0ae E \uf0ae B1 \uf0ae G \uf0ae D \uf0ae G \uf0ae A Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 2,7 gam\/cm3, trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng boxit. B v\u00e0 B1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t B, B1, D, E, G \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A. C\u00e2u 176.97: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): MX2 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeOxit axit (1) \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeOxit axit (2) \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeAxit (4) Kim loa\u00efi \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(6) \uf0be\uf0be Muo\u00e1i trung ho\u00f8a\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(5) \uf0be\uf0be Muo\u00e1i axit C\u00e2u 177.98: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, R, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0ae B \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHC\uf0bel\uf0ae R \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae D \uf0beV\uf0be2O5\uf0be,to ,\uf0bep\uf0ae E \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae F \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u1edbi 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00e2u 178.99: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau : CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 363","X2On \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeCa(XO2 )2n\uf02d4 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae X(OH)n (4) X \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be X(NO3 )n \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be XCln C\u00e2u 179.100: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc sau: Fe \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae FeSO4 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Fe2 (SO4 )3 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeFe(NO3 )3 (5) Fe2O3 \uf0ac\uf0be(8\uf0be) \uf0be Fe(OH)3 \uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be7) \uf0be Fe(OH)2 \uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be6) \uf0be\uf0be Fe(NO3 )2 C\u00e2u 180.107*: Ch\u1ecdn 2 ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n ch\u1ea5t R trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: T \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae L \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae M R RR R X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z C\u00e2u 181.108*: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1. C\u00e2u 182.109*: C\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sau: B D T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D, E cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a canxi. CaCO3 Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. AE C\u00e2u 183.110: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Cu(NO3)2 CuCl2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 364","C\u00e2u 184.111: Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau: X \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae Y \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae Z (1) (4) A T \uf0be(\uf0be9)\uf0ae A \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0be\uf0aeOxit cu\u00fba A (5) M \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae N \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae P (8) (Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. X, Y, Z, M, N, P, T l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a A). C\u00e2u 185.112*: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, X, Y, D, E, F ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (A) + (X) \uf0ae PBr3 PBr3 + (Y) \uf0ae H3PO3 + (D) (A) + (Y) \uf0ae (D) + HBrO (D) + (E) \uf0ae (A + (C) (X) + (E) \uf0ae P2O5 P2O5 + (Y) \uf0ae (F) C\u00e2u 186.113: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1 (bi\u1ebft X, Y, R, D, E l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh). C\u00e2u 187.114: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3,\u2026 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: 1) Fe2O3 + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FexOy + X1 2) X2 + X3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O 3) X2 + X4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + BaSO4 + CO2 + H2O 4) X5 + X6 \uf0ae Ag2O + KNO3 + H2O 5) X7 + X8 \uf0ae Ca(H2PO4)2 6) X9 + X10 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O 7) X11 + X10 \uf0ae Ag2SO4 + SO2 + H2O 8) X3 + X12 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O 9) X3 + X13 \uf0ae BaCO3 + CaCO3 + H2O 10) X9 + X14 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + X15 C\u00e2u 188.115: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i sau: X1 \uf0be\uf0be\uf02bY\uf0be1 \uf0be\uf0ae X2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf02bY\uf0be2 \uf0be\uf0ae X3 NaCl \uf0ae NaCl \uf0ae NaCl \uf0ae NaCl X4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf02bY\uf0be3 \uf0be\uf0ae X5 \uf0be\uf0be\uf02bY\uf0be4 \uf0be\uf0ae X6 C\u00e2u 189.116: Cho bi\u1ebft X1 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. 1) X1 + X2 \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + H2 2) X3 + X4 \uf0ae CaCO3 + Na2CO3 + H2O 3) X3 + X5 \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + NaCl + CO2 4) X6 + X7 + X2 \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NH3 + NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 365","X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2,... X7. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 190.117*: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) theo chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: A B X1 X2 R1 R2 Y1 Y2 D Y4 Y3 E G X4 X3 R4 R3 Y5 Cho bi\u1ebft: - A, B, D, E, G l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. - X1, X2, X3, X4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i. - R1, R2, R3, R4 l\u00e0 4 mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i. - Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo. - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B,.., X1, X2,.., R1, R2,.., Y1,.., Y4 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e2u 191.23: Cho c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i X, Y, Z, T bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i X, Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0. - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i Z, T ch\u1ec9 tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). - Kim lo\u1ea1i X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y kim lo\u1ea1i Z nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i T ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, T. Bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i sau: Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Cu. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 192.25: Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch, khi cho th\u00eam NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1eadm. Khi nung n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t B b\u1ecb ho\u00e1 \u0111en. N\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nung n\u00f3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed H2 th\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t A ban \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t A l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 193.28: Nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag trong O2 d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. Cho A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C. Kh\u00ed C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Dung d\u1ecbch D v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi BaCl2 v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong A, B, C, D. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 194.29: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m 3 kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Fe, Ag, Cu. Ng\u00e2m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A trong dung d\u1ecbch B (ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a 1 mu\u1ed1i), khu\u1ea5y k\u0129 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y Fe v\u00e0 Cu trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tan h\u1ebft. 1) Cho bi\u1ebft dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kim lo\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ag, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. 2) Cho bi\u1ebft dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kim lo\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ag, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ag l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng C\u00e2u 195.30: A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh C. Nung n\u00f3ng B \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed D. D l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5m d\u1ea7n l\u00ean. D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi A cho ra B ho\u1eb7c C. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a A, B, C. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 366","b) Khi n\u00e0o A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi D ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh C ho\u1eb7c B? Khi n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a B v\u00e0 C? C\u00e2u 196.31: Cho m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 s\u1eaft t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i bari thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a C, dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch D, s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. Nung E v\u00e0 C trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 197.32: Nh\u00fang thanh nh\u00f4m v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A. H\u00f2a tan thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00ed B. D\u1eabn A v\u00e0 B v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C. Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH (d\u01b0) th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y b\u00ecnh. M\u1edf n\u00fat b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, \u0111em ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec th\u1ea5y E b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0u. L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 198.33: M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Al, Fe, Cu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea7n A, B, C \u0111\u1ec1u nhau. a) Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: + Ph\u1ea7n A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0. + Ph\u1ea7n B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0. + Ph\u1ea7n C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c, ngu\u1ed9i, d\u01b0. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. b) G\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng A', B', C' + Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A' cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. + Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B' cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. + Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C' cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 199.34: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y cacbon trong oxi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A. Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi FeO nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C. Cho B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a K v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D, \u0111un s\u00f4i D l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a K. Cho C tan trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch E. Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a hi\u0111roxit F. Nung F trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, C, D, K, E, F. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 200.35: Cho kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro \u0111i qua than n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed X. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n kh\u00ed X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed9n kh\u00ed Y v\u1edbi kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro r\u1ed3i nung n\u00f3ng (c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t Pd\/PbCO3) th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Z. N\u1ebfu \u0111un n\u00f3ng kh\u00ed Y v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t cacbon \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 600\u00b0C th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng D. N\u1ebfu tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu d\u1eabn kh\u00ed Z v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 pha th\u00eam v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt axit r\u1ed3i \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch F. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, D, E v\u00e0 F. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 201.36: A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. Bi\u1ebft: A+B \uf0ae C B \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae C + H2O + D (D l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cacbon) D + A \uf0ae B ho\u1eb7c C - H\u1ecfi A, B, C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean? - Cho A, B, C v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch CaCl2, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 202.37: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y cacbon trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A1. Cho A1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CuO nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A2 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A3. Cho A2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 367","dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a A4 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch A5. Cho A5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ca(OH)2 l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c A4. Cho A3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B1 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B2. Cho B2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B3. Nung B3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B4.. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, B1, B2, B3, B4 (bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). C\u00e2u 203.39: Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Fe3O4 trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho dung d\u1ecbch A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. Nung D \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Th\u1ed5i lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 nung n\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a E nung n\u00f3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G v\u00e0 kh\u00ed X. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z. L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf Y, \u0111un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch Z l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n A, B, D, E, G, X, Y, Z. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 204.40: Ho\u00e0 tan Fe3O4 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch A cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch A cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i \u0111em nung trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Cho Fe v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho dung d\u1ecbch B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a E. Nung E trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 nung n\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a F \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G v\u00e0 kh\u00ed X. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch C. \u0110un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch C l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Y. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 205.42: Ho\u00e0 tan Fe3O4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho Cu (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u 206.43: H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 D khi ho\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B v\u00e0 D khi ho\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho dung d\u1ecbch E c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit y\u1ebfu. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A, B, D kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng tan trong dung d\u1ecbch E. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi A v\u00e0 D, B v\u00e0 D, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B, D. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 207.44: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (X): FeO, BaO, Al2O3 (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 1 : 1) (Y): Al, K, Al2O3 (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 2 : 1) (Z): Na2O, Al (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 1) Cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o tan h\u1ebft trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng? C\u00e2u 207.45: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, MgO, Fe, Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y, kh\u00ed Z v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. H\u00f2a tan A trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B. S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed B v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Nung E trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong Y, Z, A, B, E, D, G. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u 209.47: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t c\u00e1c oxit Fe2O3, MgO, CuO, Al2O3. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua X nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho Y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E. H\u00f2a tan D b\u1eb1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch F v\u00e0 kh\u00ed G c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong Y, Z, D, E, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 368","C\u00e2u 210.49: D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 CO l\u1ea5y d\u01b0 qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c oxit Fe2O3, Al2O3 v\u00e0 CuO nung n\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y. H\u00f2a tan ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Z, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. D\u1eabn kh\u00ed Y qua dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong l\u1ea5y d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH l\u1ea5y d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 211.50: Cho d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed CO (d\u01b0) \u0111i qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m Al2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, MgO nung n\u00f3ng, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X. Ho\u00e0 tan X trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Z, t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Z. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl lo\u00e3ng (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y. Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng (d\u01b0), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed SO2. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 212.51: Nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, CaO v\u00e0 cacbon d\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng) \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B duy nh\u1ea5t. Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X, dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed T. Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y X tan h\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 213.52: Khi cho 2 kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau trong b\u00ecnh k\u00edn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 3 kh\u00ed. N\u1ebfu d\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 3 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 qua H2O sau \u0111\u00f3 qua \u1ed1ng thu\u1ef7 tinh \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ef1ng CuO d\u01b0 th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 1 kh\u00ed. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hai kh\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 214.53: Ba ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t Y v\u00e0 Z \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. C\u1ea3 3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro b\u1eb1ng 22. Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec1m, X v\u00e0 Z kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ki\u1ec1m. X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi khi \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng sinh ra Y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Z kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y trong oxi. a) L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z. b) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ba b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ba kh\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n. C\u00e2u 215.54: C\u00f3 3 kh\u00ed X, Y, Z. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - Kh\u00ed X l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng S v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c. - Kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oxit c\u1ee7a cacbon, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O g\u1ea5p 2,667 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C. - Kh\u00ed Z (kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a oxi). \u0110\u1ed1t 1 mol Z t\u1ea1o 2 mol X v\u00e0 1 mol Y. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed X, Y, Z. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Br2, kh\u00ed H2S. Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. C\u00e2u 216.55: C\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, C l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho dung d\u1ecbch axit clohi\u0111ric t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn: natri sunfit, s\u1eaft (II) sunfua, kalipemanganat. 1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf A, B, C? 2. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed B. b) S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed C l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00ed A, B. c) Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed O2 d\u01b0. d) Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed A, B, C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. C\u00e2u 217.56: C\u00f3 3 kh\u00ed (A), (B), (C) \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed (A) t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed (B) v\u00e0 hai th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed (C). Kh\u00ed (C) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng S v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. Kh\u00ed (B) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oxit c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi g\u1ea5p 2,667 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o oxit. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (A), (B), (C) v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng khi cho m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed (B), (C) l\u1ed9i qua dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 369","C\u00e2u 218.58: S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafn R m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. Kh\u00ed X c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed A t\u1ea1o ra R v\u00e0 F. N\u1ebfu X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed A trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ra Y v\u00e0 F, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam BaCl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t G l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i nitrat kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H m\u00e0u \u0111en. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y H b\u1edfi oxi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng I m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, R, D, F, G, H, I, X, Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 219.59: M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e8n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c R2(SO4)3.(NH4)2SO4.24H2O c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 906 \u0111vC. a) T\u00ecm kim lo\u1ea1i R. b) Cho R tan trong dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 r\u1ea5t lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH \u0111\u1eb7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B, dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 kh\u00ed D. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o C l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 220.60: \u0110\u1eb7t l\u00ean hai \u0111\u0129a c\u00e2n, r\u00f3t dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o hai c\u1ed1c, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit hai c\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng nhau, hai \u0111\u0129a c\u00e2n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 s\u1eaft, c\u1ed1c th\u1ee9 hai m\u1ed9t l\u00e1 nh\u00f4m, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nhau. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a hai \u0111\u0129a c\u00e2n trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: a) Hai l\u00e1 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u tan h\u1ebft. b) Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch hi\u0111ro sinh ra \u1edf m\u1ed7i c\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng nhau (\u0111o c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t). C\u00e2u 221.61: Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Na2CO3 v\u00e0 KHCO3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0 axit HCl. a) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. b) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 kh\u00ed E. Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. c) Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl th\u00ec th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 222.62: Cho dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, NaCl, Ca(HCO3)2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D, l\u1ecdc D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch E thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b) N\u00eau m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 223.63: Tr\u1ed9n dung d\u1ecbch Al2(SO4)3 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Th\u00eam BaCl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u 224.64: Cho 3 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A, B, C (mu\u1ed1i trung h\u00f2a ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i axit) \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau: A + B \uf0ae c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. B + C \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. A + C \uf0ae v\u1eeba c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 225.65: H\u00e3y n\u00eau m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i (cho m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau) v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: a) C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. b) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. c) C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 370","C\u00e2u 226.66: Cho NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a NH4Cl thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A, cho ZnS v\u00e0o dung dich HCl thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed B, cho H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p NaCl v\u00e0 MnO2 \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed C. Vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o ra A, B, C v\u00e0 khi cho dung d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e2u 227.67: Khi tr\u1ed9n dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H3PO4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, n\u1ebfu th\u00eam NaOH v\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee5a m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, n\u1ebfu th\u00eam ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng C\u00e2u 228.68: Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m BaCO3, MgCO3, Al2O3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. Cho A v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, khu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan C. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan d\u1ea7n. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn C tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A, B, C, D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e2u 229.69: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Fe(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Cu(OH)2, BaCO3, MgCO3. Nung A trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B. Cho B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, khu\u1ea5y k\u0129 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan E, cho ti\u1ebfp dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0o kh\u1ea5y k\u0129 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nung n\u00f3ng E trong \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed G. Cho F v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Cho Y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra. Cho G d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Z v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch T. \u0110un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch T thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Q v\u00e0 kh\u00ed M. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean? C\u00e2u 230.70: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m CaCO3, Cu, Fe3O4. Nung n\u00f3ng A (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Cho kh\u00ed Y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Dung d\u1ecbch D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi BaCl2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch KOH. Ho\u00e0 tan X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. Cho F v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y, dung d\u1ecbch G v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H. N\u1ebfu ho\u00e0 tan F v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed I v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch K. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, D, E, F, G, H, I, K v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 231.71: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m CaCO3, Cu, FeO, Al. Nung n\u00f3ng A (trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B. Cho B v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D (kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH). Cho D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh B, D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 232.72: \u0110\u1ed1t qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed SO2. D\u1eabn t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed SO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 233.73: Nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag trong O2 d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A. Cho A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C. Kh\u00ed C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D. Dung d\u1ecbch D v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi BaCl2, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong A, B, C, D. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 234.74: Nung n\u00f3ng Cu trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (A). Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (A) ch\u1ec9 tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0, tuy nhi\u00ean (A) l\u1ea1i tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch (B) v\u00e0 kh\u00ed (C). Kh\u00ed (C) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch (D). Dung d\u1ecbch (D) v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2, v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. Pha lo\u00e3ng dung d\u1ecbch (B) r\u1ed3i cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (E). Nung (E) \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 cho d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed H2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9t m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf (F). Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 371","C\u00e2u 235.75: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: \u0110\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng Fe r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed A1 (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c) th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A2. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: \u0110\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng Fe r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed A3 (kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A4. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 3: Cho MnO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t A5 (\u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A1 (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c). Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 4: H\u00f2a tan ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A4 trong dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t A5 (lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a hai mu\u1ed1i. C\u00e2u 236.76: C\u00f3 s\u00e1u dung d\u1ecbch HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NaCl v\u00e0 Na2SO4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 A, B, C, D, E, F. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch A, B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - Cho qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm v\u00e0o m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3: A v\u00e0 B kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm. C v\u00e0 D l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm ho\u00e1 xanh. E v\u00e0 F l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecf. - Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch D. - F t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi D, c\u00f2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e2u 237.78: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t (K2O, Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3, KHCO3) c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, sau khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t tan trong dung d\u1ecbch B. C\u00e2u 238.79: H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau: X + Y \uf0ae c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay l\u00ean X + T \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Z + Y \uf0ae c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay l\u00ean Z + T \uf0ae c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Trong \u0111\u00f3 X v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a natri c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau, Y l\u00e0 axit, T l\u00e0 baz\u01a1. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong dung d\u1ecbch. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 239.81: H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong X, Y, Z, T, E, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Nung n\u00f3ng kim lo\u1ea1i Al trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X. Ho\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X trong H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng (v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Z c\u00f3 m\u00f9i s\u1ed1c. Cho natri kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed T, dung d\u1ecbch E v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G. Cho kh\u00ed Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch F, bi\u1ebft F v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 v\u1eeba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. C\u00e2u 240.82: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Mg, Fe2O3 v\u00e0 Al2O3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 (d\u01b0), sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Z. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. Ho\u00e0 tan B trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed T. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed T v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch F. Cho dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch F l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. Cho th\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch KOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 241.84*: C\u00f3 5 m\u1eabu ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed E, X, Y, Z, T \u0111\u1ef1ng trong 5 l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sau: 1) Kh\u00ed E ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng) kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat khan m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u xanh. 2) Kh\u00ed X r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u00e1y trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda xanh nh\u1ea1t sinh ra ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong. 3) Kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 372","4) Kh\u00ed Z kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt \u0111ang ch\u00e1y. 5) Kh\u00ed T t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 axit c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n. Cho bi\u1ebft E, X, Y, Z, T l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 242.85*: H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Fe3O4, Al, Al2O3, Fe. Cho A tan trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A1, dung d\u1ecbch B1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C1. Kh\u00ed C1 d\u01b0 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi A nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A2. Dung d\u1ecbch B1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B2. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B3 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed C2. Cho B3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B4. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 243.86*: Dung d\u1ecbch A ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p AgNO3 v\u00e0 Cu(NO3)2. Cho b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft v\u00e0o A, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng xong l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B1. Cho ti\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t Mg v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A1, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B2 g\u1ed3m 2 kim lo\u1ea1i. Cho B2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng khi ho\u00e0 tan B2 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 kh\u00ed SO2 tho\u00e1t ra. Cho bi\u1ebft trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong A1, A2 B1, B2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 244.87: Cho K2O t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. L\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch A cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(HCO3)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B thu l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch MgSO4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G. Nung k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a G \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 245.88: Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb a mol NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a b mol AlCl3. H\u00e3y bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 mol NaOH. L\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a theo a v\u00e0 b. C\u00e2u 246.89: D\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaO, CuO, Fe3O4, Al2O3 (c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol b\u1eb1ng nhau) nung n\u00f3ng. K\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Cho X v\u00e0o H2O (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch E v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan Q. Cho Q v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 (s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 b\u1eb1ng hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch T v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn F. L\u1ea5y kh\u00ed Y d\u01b0 s\u1ee5c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch E \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch G v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X, Y, E, Q, F, T, G, H v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 247.90*: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau (ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). a) M\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed. b) M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t axit thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba oxit. C\u00e2u 248.91: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng Na \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m A. Cho A tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho dung d\u1ecbch B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4, NaHCO3, CaCl2, (NH4)2SO4, AlCl3. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 249.92: Cho c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i A, B, C, D ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c axit kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i B, C \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda v\u00f4 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. - A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng E kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 axit m\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed F kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a F so v\u1edbi CH4 b\u1eb1ng 2,75. - C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B cho dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i tan kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed G kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, g\u00e2y ng\u1ea1t, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, l\u00e0m nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom. - D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng E. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm A, B, C, D, E, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 373","C\u00e2u 250.93: Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n FexOy b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A1 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B1. Kh\u00ed B1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, dung d\u1ecbch Br2, dung d\u1ecbch K2CO3 (bi\u1ebft axit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a B1 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n axit c\u1ee7a CO2). Dung d\u1ecbch A1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafn A2. Tr\u1ed9n A2 v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t Al r\u1ed3i nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A3 g\u1ed3m 2 oxit trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 FenOm. Ho\u00e0 tan A3 trong dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed NO duy nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 251.96: Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a natri c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a xanh. Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl hay HNO3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed B kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng D v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t E l\u00e0m qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a xanh. A kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch CaCl2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, D, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. V. VI\u1ebeT C\u00d4NG TH\u1ee8C C\u1ea4U T\u1ea0O H\u1ee2P CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 252.1: Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H6Cl2. C\u00e2u 253.5: Cho X, Y, Z l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: - B\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, t\u1eeb Z c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Y, t\u1eeb Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c X v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic. - X kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Br2 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. - D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tia l\u1eeda \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t X b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. b) T\u1eeb Z vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf cao su buna, nh\u1ef1a PVC. C\u00e2u 254.6: Cho 3 hi\u0111rocacbon X, Y, Z \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed. X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C2nHm, Y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CnH2n, Z c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CnHn (tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 n trong 3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng nhau). a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z. Bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a X \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng 2 v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi X l\u00e0 0,482. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z. c) M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p T g\u1ed3m 3 ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang X ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e2u 255.7: Cho 3 hi\u0111rocacbon X, Y, Z c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 CxH2y, CxH2x, CyH2y. Bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng 142 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed cacbonic. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z. b) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z. Bi\u1ebft Y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, Z c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng. C\u00e2u 256.8: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon (c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 4) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0 1 : 1 (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u0111o \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 257.12: Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed: C3H8O, C3H6O2, C4H10O. C\u00e2u 258.17: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng A, B, C, D, E. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 benzen, ancol etylic, axit axetic, dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc. Bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: - Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na th\u00ec A, B, C, D c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay ra, E kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. - Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CaCO3 th\u00ec A, B, C, E kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, D c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay ra. - Cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3\/NH3 th\u00ec A, C, D, E b\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, B c\u00f3 b\u1ea1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 374","- \u0110\u1ed1t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00ec A v\u00e0 E ch\u00e1y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, D c\u00f3 ch\u00e1y, B v\u00e0 C kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, C, D, E v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 259.18: Ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H9N. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 260.21: C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z, T (ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H, O) trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a X b\u1eb1ng 180 gam\/mol. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ag2O trong NH3 t\u1ea1o ra kim lo\u1ea1i Ag. Cho X chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3: X \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeY \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beY\uf0be\uf0aeT H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 261.22: Cho so \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: 1) X + ... \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y 2) Y + 3O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2CO2 + 3H2O 3) Y + ... \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Z + H2O 4) Z + Y \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae T + H2O 5) T + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Y + ... Trong \u0111\u00f3 X, Y, Z, T l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 262.23: Cho hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H6O v\u00e0 C2H4O2. M\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. a) D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft 4 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 2 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tr\u00ean, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng 2 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c C2H4O2 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u2013 COO- b) Ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 263.24: Hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1ec1n X, Y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3H6O2. C\u1ea3 X v\u00e0 Y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na, X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi NaHCO3 c\u00f2n Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2 c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ancol \u0111a ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m \u2013OH \u1edf cacbon b\u1eadc 2. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y. C\u00e2u 264.26: X l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H, O c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau: - Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol CO2 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 mol H2O. - T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a X so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 30. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X bi\u1ebft X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Na, NaOH. b) B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch sau: X, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, glucoz\u01a1 \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. C\u00e2u 265.28: Ba ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X, Y, Z ch\u1ee9a c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 CH2O2, C2H4O2, C3H4O2. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z. b) T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t Y trong dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi l\u00ean men 1 l\u00edt r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic 9,2o . Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men l\u00e0 80% v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,8 g\/ml. C\u00e2u 266.33*: Ch\u1ea5t X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C7H8. Cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi AgNO3 d\u01b0 trong dung d\u1ecbch NH3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t Y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 214 \u0111vC. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X. C\u00e2u 267.36*: Cho CH2O, C2H2O4, CH2O2 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 3 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X, Y, Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 268.39*: C\u00f3 hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X v\u00e0 Y, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a X nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Y. M\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Na t\u1ea1o ra H2. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra CO2 v\u00e0 H2O, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol H2O nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 mol CO2. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 375","s\u1ed1 mol H2O g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mol CO2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 269.43: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a gam ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n C, H, Cl. Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m CO2, HCl, H2O theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol 2 : 1: 1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, bi\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. C\u00e2u 270.44: 1. Polime X ch\u1ee9a 38,4% cacbon, 56,8% clo v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 hi\u0111ro v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, cho bi\u1ebft trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf X d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? 2. T\u1eeb metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf X n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 271.45: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c polime sau: \uf0bc\uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH2 \uf02d CH \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2 \uf02d\uf0bc ... CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH ... CH3 CH3 CH3 Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c monome t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c polime tr\u00ean. VI. VI\u1ebeT PH\u1ea2N \u1ee8NG H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 272.101: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, D v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng). Glucoz\u01a1 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0ae A \uf0ac\uf0be(2)\uf0be Etilen \uf0be\uf0be(3)\uf0ae Poli etilen (PE) A \uf0be\uf0be(4)\uf0ae B \uf0be\uf0be(5)\uf0ae etyl axetat \uf0be\uf0be(6)\uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be(7)\uf0ae Metan C\u00e2u 273.102: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): Tinh bo\u00e4t \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeGlucoz\u00f4 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeR\u00f6\u00f4\u00efuetylic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeAxit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeEtyl axetat C\u00e2u 274.103: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Etilen \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0aeR\u00f6\u00f4\u00efu etylic \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0aeAxit axetic \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0aeEtyl axetat \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0aeNatri axetat (5) Poli vinylclorua\uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be8) \uf0be\uf0be Vinylclorua\uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be(7)\uf0be\uf0be Axetilen \uf0ac\uf0be(\uf0be6) \uf0be\uf0be Me tan C\u00e2u 275.104: Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: C4H10, C2H5OH, CH4, CH3COOH, C2H4, CH3COONa, C2H2. H\u00e3y s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u 276.105: Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: axit axetic, etilen, canxicacbua, axetilen, metan, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, natri axetat. L\u1eadp s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u 278.106: A, B, D, F, G, H, I l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: A \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae B + C B + C \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae D D + E \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae F F + O2 \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae G + E F + G \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be\uf0ae H + E H + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae I + F G+L \uf0ae I+C X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh A, B, D, F, G, H, I, L. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 376","C\u00e2u 279.118: Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u A, B, R, X, D, E, F, Y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, C3H6 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng: \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHB\uf0ber\uf0ae A \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0ae B \uf0beH\uf0be2SO\uf0be4 \u00f1a\uf0be\u00ebc\/18\uf0be0o C\uf0be\uf0ae R \uf0bet\uf0beo , p\uf0be, xt\uf0ae Polime X C3H6 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0be\/ Ni,\uf0beto \uf0ae D \uf0be\uf0be\uf02b B1r\uf0be2:1\/as\uf0bekt\uf0ae E \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0ae F \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCu\uf0beO,to\uf0be\uf0ae Y C\u00e2u 280.119: a) B\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: X \uf0be1\uf0be500\uf0beo C\uf0be,la\u00f8m\uf0bela\u00efn\uf0beh nh\uf0beanh\uf0be\uf0ae Y + Z Y + HCl \uf0ae F Y + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo, P\uf0bed\/P\uf0bebCO\uf0be3\uf0ae D F \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be,p\uf0ae G D \uf0bex\uf0bet,to\uf0be,p\uf0ae PE Y + AgNO3 + NH3 \uf0ae T + H2O D + H2O \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae E b) X b\u1ecb l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 D, Y v\u00e0 CO2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi X. C\u00e2u 281.120*: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, B l\u00e0 kh\u00ed d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ho\u1ea3. C\u00e2u 282.122: Ch\u1ea5t A c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C2H6. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t B, C, D, E, F v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: C2H6 \uf0beC\uf0beals2 \uf0ae X \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0ae Y \uf0beO\uf0bext2 \uf0ae Z Ca(OH)2 CH4 \uf0ac\uf0beC\uf0beNaaOO,\uf0beHto \uf0be\uf0be F \uf0ac\uf0beN\uf0bea2C\uf0beO3 \uf0be\uf0be E C\u00e2u 283.123: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o (n\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae B + C B + C \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae D D + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae E E + O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae F + H2O F + E \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae C4H8O2 + H2O C\u00e2u 284.124: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau: A\uf0aeB \uf0aeR \uf0aeD\uf0aeE\uf0aeF\uf0aeA Cho bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 14. Ch\u1ea5t E l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 285.125: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C5H10 (m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf) \uf0ae X1 \uf0ae X2 \uf0ae X3 \uf0ae X4 \uf0ae Xiclohecxan CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 377","C\u00e2u 286.126: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1: E \uf0ae A \uf0ae A1 \uf0ae B \uf0ae R \uf0ae D \uf0ae B \uf0ae E \uf0ae A1 Ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. Bi\u1ebft B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb glucoz\u01a1. C\u00e2u 287.127*: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a sau: (2) Br2 D \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be(3X\uf0be) \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae E A \uf0beH\uf0bePd2,(t1\uf0beo)\uf0ae C2H4 \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae I \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae K (4) HBr F \uf0be(\uf0beX5)\uf0ae G \uf0beO\uf0be2 ,m\uf0be(e6n)g\uf0beia\u00e1m\uf0be\uf0ae H Bi\u1ebft E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1. K ch\u1ee9a 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00e2u 288.128: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef c\u00e1i X, Y, Z, T v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sau: CH3COONa \uf0ae CH4 \uf0ae X \uf0ae Y \uf0ae Z \uf0ae T \uf0ae Caosu Buna. C\u00e2u 289.129: Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: X1 \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae X2 \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae X3 \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae X4 \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae X5 \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae X6 \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae X4 Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng X1,\u2026 X6 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, trong \u0111\u00f3 X4 l\u00e0 CH3COOH. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 290.130: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 A, B, C, D v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): A + ... \uf0ae B (1) B + ... \uf0ae C + H2O (2) B + O2 \uf0ae CO2 + H2O (3) C+B D + H2O (4) D + NaOH \uf0ae B + ... (5) B \uf0ae A + ... (6) C\u00e2u 291.131: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u A, B, D, E, F, G v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: G \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae Poli(vinyl clorua) (6) A \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae B \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae D \uf0be(\uf0be3)\uf0ae E \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae F \uf0be(\uf0be5)\uf0ae Etyl axetat (8) Poli etilen Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. C\u00e2u 292.132: T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): E \uf0be(\uf0be4)\uf0ae PE (3) A \uf0be(\uf0be1)\uf0ae B \uf0be(\uf0be2)\uf0ae D (5) G \uf0be(\uf0be6)\uf0ae H \uf0be(\uf0be7)\uf0ae X \uf0be(\uf0be8)\uf0ae Y \uf0be(\uf0be9)\uf0ae Z \uf0be(\uf0be10)\uf0be\uf0ae PVC CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 378","Cho bi\u1ebft: G l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, v\u1ecb chua, tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Dung d\u1ecbch G (t\u1eeb 2% \u0111\u1ebfn 5%) c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. A, B l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2007 - 2008) C\u00e2u 293.133*: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau. Bi\u1ebft A l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, M l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no. A \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae B + X B + D \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae E + F E+G \uf0ae I+K I + HCl \uf0ae L L \uf0bet\uf0beoc, x\uf0bet,p\uf0ae PVC (Poli vinyl clorua) I + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo ,N\uf0bei\uf0ae M C\u00e2u 294.134: Cho bi\u1ebft G v\u00e0 H l\u00e0 c\u00e1c polime. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B, L, M, E, F, G, H v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau (ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). L F \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0beC,p\uf0be\uf0ae G +X +Y A \uf0be\uf0be\uf0aeB E \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo , H\uf0be\uf0be2SO\uf0be\uf0be4 \u00f1a\uf0be\u00eb\uf0bec\uf0be\uf0ae CH3COOC2H5 +Y M +X T \uf0bex\uf0bet, to\uf0beC,p\uf0be\uf0ae H C\u00e2u 295.135*: Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 sau (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3): R \uf0be\uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH \uf0be\uf0ae E CO2 \uf0bec\uf0beloar\uf0beosfi\uf0ben\uf0ae X \uf0bex\uf0bet\uf0ae Y \uf0bem\uf0been\uf0ber\u00f6\uf0be\u00f4\u00efu\uf0be\uf0ae Z CH4 C4H6 \uf0beN\uf0beHi,2\uf0beto \uf0ae C4H10 VII. \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 296.73: T\u1eeb metan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic, polietilen, etyl axetat, etylclorua (C2H5Cl), etan (C2H6). C\u00e2u 297.74: Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H4 t\u1eeb C2H5OH v\u00e0 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 170oC th\u00ec kh\u00ed sinh ra c\u00f3 l\u1eabn SO2 v\u00e0 CO2. H\u1ecfi n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u1eebng dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf SO2 v\u00e0 CO2 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn trong C2H4? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? a) Dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. b) Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. c) Dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3. d) Dung d\u1ecbch Br2. C\u00e2u 298.75: T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, than \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra poli (vinyl clorua), 1,2 - \u0111icloetan. C\u00e2u 299.76: T\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polietilen, axit axetic v\u00e0 cao su buna. C\u00e2u 300.78: N\u00eau 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf metan. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 301.79: T\u1eeb glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf etylaxetat. C\u00e2u 302.81: Hi\u0111rocacbon X c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axetilen. T\u1eeb X, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: axetilen, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic, CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 379","benzen, poli(vinylclorua) v\u00e0 ghi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)? Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e2u 303.82: T\u1eeb metan, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7) vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: 1,2 \u2013 \u0111icloetan, \u0111iclometan, nh\u1ef1a PVC, nh\u1ef1a PE, etan, etylclorua. Ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3. C\u00e2u 304.84: T\u1eeb C, H2O, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra axit gluconic, natri etylat, etyl axetat. C\u00e2u 305.85: T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n: H2, H2O, Al4C3, NaOH, HgSO4, H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c), b\u1ed9t Ni, Pd\/PbCO3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1? C\u00e2u 306.93*: T\u1eeb etilen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: C2H5OOC-COOC2H5, CH2OH-CH2OH. C\u00e2u 307.94: Cho h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c CH2 = C(CH3)\u2013CH=CH2. a) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o polime c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb X. b) Cho X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Br2 (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1 : 1) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 308.95: Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb CH3COONa, kh\u00ed B \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, kh\u00ed C \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb A ho\u1eb7c CaC2, nh\u1ecb h\u1ee3p C ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed D. Bi\u1ebft A, B, C, D \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a cacbon v\u00e0 hi\u0111ro trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A, B, C, D. b) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf polivinylaxetat t\u1eeb kh\u00ed C v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. VIII. NH\u1eacN BI\u1ebeT - T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 C\u00e2u 309.93: Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed SO2, CO2, CH4, C2H4. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e2u 310.95: C\u00f3 3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, benzen v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang. C\u00e2u 311.97: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: cacbonic, etilen, metan, hi\u0111ro. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 312.98: C\u00f3 4 l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ch\u1ee9a ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO2, CH4, C2H4 v\u00e0 C2H2. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh ho\u1ea1 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 313.99: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t sau: H2, CH4, C2H4, CO2, SO2. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 314.100: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed sau: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, CO2, N2 \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 315.101: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n: 1) Glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0 saccaroz\u01a1. 2) Dung d\u1ecbch saccaroz\u01a1 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 316.102: C\u00f3 5 b\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch: h\u1ed3 tinh b\u1ed9t, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng, saccaroz\u01a1, glucoz\u01a1, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 380","C\u00e2u 317.103: B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y n\u00eau c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng sau: r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic, benzen v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 318.104: Cho bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai l\u1ecd \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 benzen. C\u00e2u 319.105: C\u00f3 5 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: c\u1ed3n 90o, benzen, gi\u1ea5m \u0103n, dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9t s\u1eafn d\u00e2y. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). C\u00e2u 320.106: Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam hai dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Na2CO3 v\u00e0 NaOH, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: benzen, axit axetic, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 (C17H35COO)3C3H5 \u0111\u1ef1ng trong 4 l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 321.107: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng A, B, C, D, E. Ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o l\u00e0 benzen, r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, axit axetic, dung d\u1ecbch glucoz\u01a1, n\u01b0\u1edbc? Bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: Ch\u1ea5t T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ed1t trong l\u1ecfng Na Na2CO3 dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed A Kh\u00ed bay ra Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng AgNO3\/NH3 Ch\u00e1y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng B\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n B Kh\u00ed bay ra Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng B\u1ea1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y C Kh\u00ed bay ra Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng B\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y D Kh\u00ed bay ra Kh\u00ed bay ra B\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n C\u00f3 ch\u00e1y E Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng B\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e2u 322.108: Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed: CH4, C2H4, C2H2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e2u 323.116: Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2 thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u01a1 h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 4 b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: C2H4, C2H2, C2H6, SO2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 324.118: C\u00f3 6 l\u1ecd m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed: H2, CO2, CH4 v\u00e0 H2, CO2 v\u00e0 C2H4, H2 v\u00e0 C2H4, CH4 v\u00e0 CO2. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ra ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t trong t\u1eebng l\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 325.119: C\u00f3 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch CH3COOH, glucoz\u01a1, saccaroz\u01a1, h\u1ed3 tinh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng C2H5OH, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee9ng, C6H6 (benzen), CH3COOC2H5. H\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf tr\u00ean, bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. C\u00e2u 326.120: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ef1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1ecd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e3n sau: Dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng saccaroz\u01a1, benzen, d\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic, dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed3 tinh b\u1ed9t. C\u00e2u 327.121: L\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u1ecdt b\u1ecf v\u1ecf nh\u1ef1a b\u1eb1ng PVC r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n th\u00ec th\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 m\u1ea1. Sau m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u xanh. N\u1ebfu \u00e1p l\u00f5i d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang n\u00f3ng v\u00e0o v\u1ecf nh\u1ef1a \u1edf tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00ec ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 m\u1ea1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e2u 328.21: Butan c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed etilen, cacbonic, axetilen. N\u00eau c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed. C\u00e2u 329.22: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m: CO2, CH4, C2H4. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3: a) Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CH4 tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. b) Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 330.24: Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed metan trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m metan, sunfur\u01a1, axetilen, etilen v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t (nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 381","IX. TH\u1ef0C H\u00c0NH TH\u00cd NGHI\u1ec6M C\u00e2u 331.36: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0169a thu\u1ef7 tinh r\u1ed3i cho ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf b\u1ed9t S, b\u1ed9t S n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y b\u00e1m ngay v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0169a th\u1ee7y tinh. \u0110\u01b0a \u0111\u0169a thu\u1ef7 tinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00ednh S v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda, S ch\u00e1y ngay \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0169a thu\u1ef7 tinh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a nhanh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u0169a \u0111ang ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o l\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a oxi a) N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. b) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? c) T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0169a thu\u1ef7 tinh \u0111ang n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 ch\u1eadu b\u1ed9t l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh. C\u00e2u 332.37: Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: B\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed A c\u00f3 c\u1eafm \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed. Khi nh\u00fang \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng B th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng B phun v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: C2H4, SO2, NH3, CO2, HCl khi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng B l\u00e0 a) H2O. b) Dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. c) Dung d\u1ecbch Br2 trong CCl4 (dung m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c). H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed C\u00e2u 333.38: N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n C2H2 v\u00e0 C2H4 \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi \u00fap \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed C2H2 v\u00e0 Dung d\u1ecbch C2H4 v\u00e0o ch\u1eadu thu\u1ef7 tinh ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc brom b\u00ean). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Gia Lai \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) C\u00e2u 334.39: Khi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng v\u1edbi Fe, Cu, P, S c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng? C\u00e2u 335.40: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i (CO2, SO2) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh? D\u1eabn ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Em h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 g\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gang th\u00e9p. C\u00e2u 336.41: Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c sau \u0111\u00e2y ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m: Cl2, SO2, H2S, NO2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) C\u00e2u 337.42: \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eed chua cho \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n ru\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 sau: \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5c v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 d\u00e2m m\u00e1t trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n b\u1edf t\u01a1i ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e2u 338.43: N\u01b0\u1edbc clo v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm, nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc clo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i sao? C\u00e2u 339.44: Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Cho kh\u00ed metan v\u00e0 kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m trong ch\u1eadu th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch NaCl v\u00e0 v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm, \u0111em \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H\u00e3y n\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 382","C\u00e2u 340.45: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao nh\u00f4m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m, s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec b\u1ecb han g\u1ec9? C\u00e2u 341.46: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 (ho\u1eb7c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ng men \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00eau ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. C\u00e2u 342.47*: N\u00eau c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo kh\u00f4 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa MnO2 v\u1edbi axit HCl \u0111\u1eb7c. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 axit HCl \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? C\u00e2u 343.48: M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb IV. R t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro (kh\u00ed X), trong \u0111\u00f3 hi\u0111ro chi\u1ebfm 25% v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed X? b) Trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i (c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm) ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Cl2, X (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd). \u0110\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 344.50: H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch pha 1 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 0,46M t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98% (d= 1,84g\/cm3). C\u00e2u 345.51*: V\u00ec sao khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed elilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un c\u1ed3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf 180oC, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1 b\u1ecdt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o? C\u00e2u 346.52*: a) Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed etilen b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ancol etylic v\u00e0 axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c (x\u00fac t\u00e1c) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u1ebfu d\u1eabn kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 th\u00ec sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u \u0111en (MnO2) nh\u01b0 khi cho etilen l\u1ed9i qua dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (ch\u1ea5t X) g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? b) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m etilen v\u00e0 X. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t X (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n etilen), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t sau: BaCl2, n\u01b0\u1edbc Br2, KOH, K2CO3, K2SO3. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u 347.53*: Photpho tr\u1eafng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng khi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o da, v\u1eady sau khi l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi photpho tr\u1eafng, c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9c? C\u00e2u 348.54*: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i nitrat v\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbonat c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i canxi, magie. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi canxi v\u00e0 magie trong c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. C\u00e2u 349.55: a) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng kim lo\u1ea1i natri \u0111\u1ec3 ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m A. Cho A tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. Cho dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaHSO4.Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b) Cho V l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c thu\u1ef7 tinh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u00eam m gam mu\u1ed1i \u0103n v\u00e0o khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u00edt mu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tan, l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111un nh\u1eb9, th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i trong c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u tan. \u0110\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ec th\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1i k\u1ebft tinh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 350.56*: Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: - Cho m\u1ea9u Na v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ed3n 10o. - Cho m\u1ea9u Na v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ef1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic khan. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 383","Bi\u1ebft: dC2H5OH \uf03d 0,8g \/ ml, dH2O \uf03d 1, 0g \/ ml, dNa \uf03d 0,97g \/ cm3 . C\u00e2u 351.57*: M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1eabn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e8n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho b\u1ed9t than x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1u b\u00f2 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e9p m\u00eda. Sau \u0111\u00f3 khu\u1ea5y k\u0129 \u0111un nh\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong. Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u00e0y m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n m\u00e0u x\u1eabm v\u00e0 m\u00f9i m\u00eda. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e8n. H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1u b\u00f2 trong c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y? C\u00e2u 352.58*: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y: Khi pha dung d\u1ecbch b\u00e3o h\u00f2a CuSO4 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ee5c s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. C\u00e2u 353.59*: L\u1ea1p x\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i di\u00eam. C\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u00e0y b\u00e1n \u1edf ch\u1ee3, nh\u00ecn v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u00f3i l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ure. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay kh\u00f4ng? T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u? C\u00e2u 354.60: Khi s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4, axit silixic b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ed1p c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 silicagen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat \u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a silicagen g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf silicagen t\u1eeb th\u1ee7y tinh l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 axit sunfuric. C\u00e2u 355.61: T\u1ea1i sao trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 than \u0111\u00e1 hay gi\u1ebb lau m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn? C\u00e2u 356.63: C\u00f3 hai v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o: v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u nh\u1eddn v\u00e0 v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u \u0103n. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng, \u00e9t-x\u0103ng, c\u1ed3n 90o. C\u00e2u 357.64: V\u00ec sao khi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft r\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm r\u00e9t h\u1ea1i hay l\u00fac tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng to th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00f3n ph\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1m ure cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng? C\u00e2u 358.65: Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c s\u1eefa b\u00f2 th\u1ea5y s\u1eefa b\u1ecb v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh. B\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, em h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. C\u00e2u 359.66: Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t bia, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a bia n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed r\u1ea5t k\u0129. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Ca(HCO3)2 v\u00e0 Mg(HCO3)2 c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi), \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 enzim th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng axit lactic (CH3CH(OH)COOH). H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit lactic kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 360.67: Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. N\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng clo th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Do v\u1eady c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng ozon \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i l\u1ea1. Ozon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m v\u00e0o v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,5 \u2013 5 gam\/m3. a) V\u00ec sao ozon c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng? b) T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ozon c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 400 l\u00edt r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 1 l\u00edt r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ea7n 5 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 361.68: Kh\u00ed SO2 do nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ea3i ra l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf qui \u0111\u1ecbnh: N\u1ebfu 1 m3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 3.10-5 mol th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y 50 l\u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 0,012 mg SO2. Cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea1i sao? CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 384","C\u00e2u 362.69: Khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (tonc \uf0bb 200o C) kim lo\u1ea1i R t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed hi\u0111ro t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t HR. C\u1ea3 R v\u00e0 HR \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t HR th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea1p kh\u00ed v\u00e0o c\u00e1c phao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u \u1edf bi\u1ec3n khi \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c phi c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea3y d\u00f9 xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n. Kim lo\u1ea1i R \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 gam kim lo\u1ea1i R c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n I = 3,83 ampe. T\u00ecm R, HR v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a R sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c sau mR \uf03d MR .I.t v\u1edbi MR l\u00e0 96500 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol c\u1ee7a R, t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e2y). C\u00e2u 363.70: Natri peoxit (Na2O2), kali supeoxit (KO2) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed cacbonic v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxi. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi a) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. b) H\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed cacbonic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed oxi sinh ra n\u1ebfu ta tr\u1ed9n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Na2O2 v\u00e0 KO2 theo t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 1 : 2 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A). c) Du kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Nha Trang, Ph\u00fa Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7n xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm san h\u00f4. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd l\u1eb7n d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec trong b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i du kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n 250 ml kh\u00ed oxi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00ed cacbonic. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf \u0111ktc. C\u00e2u 364.71: Rau qu\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (21% O2, 0,03% CO2, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 N2 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c) th\u00ec rau qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ch\u00edn n\u1eabu sau v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. Rau qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 21% v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111ioxit \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong m\u1ed9t kho b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n qu\u1ea3 xo\u00e0i c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 200 m2 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u cao 4 m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra r\u00fat b\u1edbt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi v\u00e0 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111ioxit b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t metan trong kho k\u00edn r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng 0oC. a) T\u00ednh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon \u0111ioxit trong kho khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 5%. b) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra v\u00e0o kho l\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao? C\u00e2u 365.72: Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng Booc - \u0111\u00f4 (h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat v\u00e0 v\u00f4i t\u00f4i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ki\u1ec1m v\u00ec n\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat d\u01b0 s\u1ebd ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o m\u00f4 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho c\u00e2y) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m cho c\u00e2y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0a d\u00f9ng, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c pha ch\u1ebf n\u00f3 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Anh, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 9 mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u00f4ng pha ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 phun v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1eddn nho \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau : - H\u00f2a tan 100 gam \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat v\u00e0o 5 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc. - H\u00f2a tan 150 gam v\u00f4i t\u00f4i v\u00e0o 5 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00f9ng s\u1eefa v\u00f4i v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00e0u xanh th\u1eabm. \u201c\u00d4ng \u01a1i! Ch\u00e1u \u0111em ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111i phun cho c\u00e2y nho nh\u00e9!\u201d Anh h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng. \u201cCh\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra xem ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9?\u201d \u201cNh\u01b0ng ch\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch phenolphatalein th\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o h\u1ea3 \u00f4ng?\u201d CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 385","\u201cCh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. \u00d4ng gi\u01a1 cho Anh xem \u2026 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m ch\u01b0a, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p II \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00e1u \u1ea1.\u201d Anh nh\u0103n ch\u00e1n suy ngh\u0129. Em h\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft: a) C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh pha ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng Booc \u2013 \u0111\u00f4. b) Em h\u00e3y t\u00ecm t\u1eeb c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e2u tr\u00ean v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft \u00d4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n Anh \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u01a1i ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng Booc \u2013 \u0111\u00f4 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). c) V\u00ec sao n\u00ean d\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a hay th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft, nh\u00f4m \u0111\u1ec3 pha dung d\u1ecbch Booc \u2013 \u0111\u00f4? d) V\u00ec sao dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c Booc - \u0111\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngay sau khi pha ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e2u? C\u00e2u 366.73: T\u1ea1i sao khi cho thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thanh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb \u0111en l\u1ea1i. C\u00e2u 367.74: B\u1ebfp biogaz \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u1edf Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ebfp n\u00e0y t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i sinh ra kh\u00ed metan d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi 1 gam metan ch\u00e1y t\u1ecfa ra 55,6 kJ. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed1t bao nhi\u00eau l\u00edt kh\u00ed metan (\u0111ktc) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111un 1 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc (D = 1 g\/cm3) t\u1eeb 25oC l\u00ean 100oC. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng 1 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00ean 1oC c\u1ea7n ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n 4,18 J v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 368.75: \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 sau: C\u00e1ch 1: Phun n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. C\u00e1ch 2: Ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1t v\u00e0o ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda. C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0o \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 369.76: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao khi b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n ure cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00f3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4i? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 370.77: Sau khi thu ho\u1ea1ch l\u00faa, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn r\u01a1m, r\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed3ng n\u1ea5m, l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho tr\u00e2u, b\u00f2, \u1ee7 trong b\u1ec3 biogas hay \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1ea5y tro, tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y. T\u1ea1i sao khi b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed9n th\u00eam tro? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Amsterdam \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 371.78: Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng r\u01a1m r\u1ea1, th\u00e2n l\u00e1 c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e2y ph\u00e2n xanh, l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, c\u1ecf kh\u00f4,\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n cho ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng. C\u00e2u 372.79: T\u1ea1i sao khi cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1o s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u1eafm hoa th\u00ec hoa s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e2u h\u01a1n? C\u00e2u 373.80: Theo kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn th\u1edf 3 ph\u00fat, nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng 3 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n 3 tu\u1ea7n. V\u00ec v\u1eady h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. M\u1ecdi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 oxi. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxi th\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebft sau kho\u1ea3ng 30 gi\u00e2y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 oxi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh th\u1edf oxi trong y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p oxi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1eb3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu oxi, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, kh\u00ed gas,... a) Theo \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00ecnh kh\u00ed th\u1edf oxi trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o? CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 386","b) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 374.81: Khi b\u1ebfp than \u0111ang ch\u00e1y, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ebfp s\u1ebd t\u1eaft c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu r\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ebfp than b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y l\u00ean. Em h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 375.82: Khi \u0111un n\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y, c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 376.83: Rau s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u00f3n \u0103n \u01b0a th\u00edch trong b\u1eefa \u0103n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0103n rau s\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e2m ch\u00fang trong dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (NaCl) trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 10 \u2013 15 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i \u0103n. V\u00ec sao c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e2m rau s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 377.84*: Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed3n l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c r\u1eeda c\u00e1c v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec c\u1ed3n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n 75o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n 90o ho\u1eb7c 96o. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed3n 75o, t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u1ed3n 90o hay 96o. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 378.85*: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp d\u1ea7u l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf d\u1ea7u l\u1ecfng x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u0103ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a x\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? N\u00eau \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) C\u00e2u 379.86: V\u00ec sao NH4HCO3 v\u00e0 (NH4)2CO3 khi nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u cho nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed NH3, CO2 v\u00e0 H2O nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng NH4HCO3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t n\u1edf? CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 CHINH PH\u1ee4C L\u00dd THUY\u1ebeT H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 N\u00c2NG CAO 387","PH\u1ea6N 3: GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 11: B\u00c0I TO\u00c1N C\u1ea4U T\u1ea0O NGUY\u00caN T\u1eec V\u00c0 T\u1ef0 CH\u1eccN L\u01af\u1ee2NG CH\u1ea4T B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Cl l\u00e0 35,5 \u0111vC? GI\u1ea2I V\u00ec trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 2 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb clo l\u00e0 35Cl v\u00e0 37Cl trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb 35Cl chi\u1ebfm 75% v\u00e0 37Cl chi\u1ebfm 25% \uf0de MCl \uf03d 75%.35 \uf02b 25%.37 \uf03d 35,5 (\u0111vC) 75% \uf02b 25% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2. Th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean bi s\u1eaft h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u n\u1eb7ng 2,8 gam v\u00e0o 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 0,175M. H\u1ecfi khi kh\u00ed ng\u1eebng tho\u00e1t ra th\u00ec b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vi\u00ean bi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vi\u00ean bi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed vi\u00ean bi m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u1ecdi ph\u00eda. Cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 4\uf070r3\/3. (r l\u00e0 b\u00e1n k\u00ednh vi\u00ean bi). GI\u1ea2I nHCl = 0,5.0,175 = 0,0875 (mol); nFe = 2,8\/56 = 0,05 (mol) Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 0,04375 mol 0,0875 mol nFe(d\u01b0) = 0,05 \u2013 0,04375 = 0,00625 (mol) G\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch vi\u00ean bi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch vi\u00ean bi ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 V2 v\u00e0 V1 Ta c\u00f3: V2\/V1 = n2\/n1 \uf0de (r2\/r1)3 = 0,00625\/0,05 = 1\/8 = (1\/2)3 r2\/r1 = 1\/2 \uf0de r2 = r1\/2 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3. T\u00ednh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Au \u1edf 200C, bi\u1ebft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Au l\u00e0 19,32 g\/cm3. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Au l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm 75% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tinh th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khe r\u1ed7ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u. Bi\u1ebft MAu = 196,97 v\u00e0 Vh\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u = 4\uf070r3\/3. GI\u1ea2I Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a 1 mol Au: VAu \uf03d 196,97 \uf03d 10,195cm3 19,32 Th\u1ec1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Au: 75 1 \uf03d 12,7.10\uf02d24 cm3 10,195.100. 6,023.1023 B\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Au: r \uf03d 3 3V \uf03d 3 3.12,7.10\uf02d24 \uf03d 1,44.10\uf02d8 cm 4.\uf070 4.3,14 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4. X v\u00e0 Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m A, \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng RH (R l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X ho\u1eb7c Y). G\u1ecdi A v\u00e0 B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 hi\u0111roxit \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y. Trong B, Y chi\u1ebfm 35,323% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trung h\u00f2a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 50 gam dung d\u1ecbch A 16,8% c\u1ea7n 150 ml dung d\u1ecbch B 1M. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X v\u00e0 Y? GI\u1ea2I H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng RH n\u00ean Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m IA ho\u1eb7c VIIA. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: N\u1ebfu Y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m IA th\u00ec B c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng YOH Ta c\u00f3 : Y \uf03d 35,323 \uf0de Y \uf03d 9,284 (lo\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p) 17 64,677 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2 : Y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m VIIA th\u00ec B c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng HYO4 Ta c\u00f3 : Y \uf03d 35,323 \uf0de Y \uf03d 35,5 , v\u1eady Y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo (Cl). 65 64,677 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 388","B (HClO4) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit, n\u00ean A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t baz\u01a1 d\u1ea1ng XOH mA \uf03d 16,8 \uf0b4 50 gam \uf03d 8,4 gam 100 XOH + HClO4 \uf0ae XClO4 + H2O \uf0de nA \uf03d nHClO 4 \uf03d 0,15\uf0b4 1 \uf03d 0,15 mol \uf0de MX \uf02b 17 \uf03d 8, 4 = 56 0,15 \uf0de MX = 39 gam\/mol, v\u1eady X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kali (K). B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed XY2 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, n\u01a1tron, electron b\u1eb1ng 178; trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 54, s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a X \u00edt h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0 12. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a X, Y v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed XY2 . GI\u1ea2I \uf0ec2 pX \uf02b 4 pY \uf02b nX \uf02b 2nY \uf03d 178 \uf0ef \uf0ed2pX \uf02b 4 pY \uf02d (nX \uf02b 2nY ) \uf03d 54 \uf0de pY \uf03d 16; pX \uf03d 26 \uf0ee\uf0ef4 pY \uf02d 2pX \uf03d 12 V\u1eady X l\u00e0 s\u1eaft, Y l\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh; XY2 l\u00e0 FeS2 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 6. X, Y, R, A, B theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong b\u1ea3n tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 90 ( X c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X, Y, R, A, B. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi Z l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a X \uf0de S\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Y, R, A, B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 Z+1; Z+2; Z+3; Z+4 \uf0de Z+ (Z+1)+ (Z+2) + (Z+3) +(Z+4)= 90 \uf0de Z=16 \uf0de s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a X, Y, R, A, B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 \uf0de X, Y, R, A, B l\u00e0 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, clo, agon, kali, canxi. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 7. Ba nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X ,Y, Z trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 39. S\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Y b\u1eb1ng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Z. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ba nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. So s\u00e1nh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. GI\u1ea2I \uf0de\uf0ecZ \uf0ef Ta c\u00f3: X \uf02b ZY \uf02b ZZ \uf03d 39 Y l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m. \uf03d ZX \uf02b ZZ \uf0de \uf0ed 3.ZY \uf03d 39 \uf0de ZY \uf03d 13 \uf0ee\uf0efZY 2 X, Y, Z c\u00f9ng chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean X l\u00e0 Mg c\u00f2n Z l\u00e0 Si. V\u00ec 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c 1 chu k\u00ec ( Mg: 12; Al: 13; Si: 14) \uf0de b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7u: Mg> Al > Si. V\u00ec c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp e nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c h\u00fat gi\u1eefa h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c e l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u00e1n k\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ( gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp e ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng). B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 8. \u1ede 20oC, DFe = 7,87 g\/cm3 v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft trong tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm 75% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch tinh th\u1ec3, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 khe tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u. Cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Fe = 55,85. T\u00ednh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe \u1edf 20oC ? GI\u1ea2I V (1 mol Fe) = m= 55,85 = 7,097 (cm3) D 7,87 V (th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 1 mol Fe) = 75%.7,097 (cm3) V( 1 ngt\u1eed Fe) = 75%.7,097 = 8,8.10-24 (cm3) \uf0de r (nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Fe) = 3 3V = 3 3.8,8.10\uf02d24 = 1,29.10-8 (cm) 6,022.1023 4\uf070 4\uf070 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 389","B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 9. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t M c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng AB3. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed M l\u00e0 40. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a A c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 B \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton b\u1eb1ng n\u01a1tron. A thu\u1ed9c chu k\u00ec 3 trong b\u1ea3ng HTTH. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t M. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi ZA, ZB l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong A, B. Ta c\u00f3: ZA + 3ZB = 40 A thu\u1ed9c chu k\u1ef3 3 \uf0de 11 \uf0a3 ZA \uf0a3 18 \uf0de 11 \uf0a3 40 \u2013 3ZB \uf0a3 18 \uf0de 7,3 \uf0a3 ZB \uf0a3 9,6 \uf0de ZB = 8 ho\u1eb7c 9. ZB = 8 (O) => ZA = 16 (S) (ch\u1ecdn) v\u00ec trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed A, B \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 proton b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 n\u01a1tron. ZB = 9 (F) => ZA = 13 (Al) (lo\u1ea1i) V\u1eady A l\u00e0 S, B l\u00e0 O \uf0de M l\u00e0 SO3. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 10. Ch\u1ea5t X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed d\u1ea1ng ABC ( v\u1edbi A, B, C l\u00e0 k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1). T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 52, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 proton gi\u1eefa B v\u00e0 A l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t g\u1ea5p 2,25 v\u00e0 2 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 proton c\u1ee7a C. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a X, vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: ABC, ABC2, ABC3, ABC4. GI\u1ea2I V\u00ec t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n = 52 \uf0de pA + pB + pC = 26 \uf0ec pB \uf02b pA \uf03d 2, 25.pC \uf0ec pC \uf03d 8 \uf0ef \uf02b pB \uf02b pC \uf03d 26 \uf0ef \uf03d 1 Ta c\u00f3 \uf0ed pA \uf0de \uf0ed pA \uf0de A l\u00e0 H; B l\u00e0 Cl v\u00e0 C l\u00e0 O \uf0de X l\u00e0 HClO \uf0ef pB \uf02d pA \uf03d 2. p C \uf0ef pB \uf03d 17 \uf0ee \uf0ee CTCT: H \u2013 O \u2013 Cl T\u00ednh axit: HClO < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4 Khi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cl c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec li\u00ean k\u1ebft O \u2013 H c\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh ( v\u00ec l\u1ef1c h\u00fat gi\u1eefa Cl v\u1edbi O t\u0103ng l\u00e0m li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa O v\u1edbi H y\u1ebfu \u0111i), khi \u0111\u00f3 H c\u00e0ng linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh axit c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 11. T\u1ea1i sao H2O c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf 40C v\u00e0 1 atm. GI\u1ea2I C\u00f3 hai l\u00ed do: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, khi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft hi\u0111ro b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng li\u00ean h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n l\u00e0m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m n\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 0 \uf0ae 40C. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1eeb 40C tr\u1edf \u0111i do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Do li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau, n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf 40C. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 12. Cho 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 A, X, Y, Z, T theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c 5 \u00f4 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau trong B\u1ea3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n trong 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng 100. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh 5 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 cho. So s\u00e1nh t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ( A; X) v\u00e0 ( Z, T). GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 p \uf0de S\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t proton c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 p+1; c\u1ee7a Y l\u00e0 p+2; c\u1ee7a Z l\u00e0 p+3; c\u1ee7a T l\u00e0 p+4 Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3: 10p + 20 = 100 \uf0de p = 8. \uf0de A l\u00e0 8O ; X l\u00e0 9F ; Y l\u00e0 10Ne ; Z l\u00e0 11Na ; T l\u00e0 12Mg \u0110i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i chu k\u00ec ( t\u00ednh phi kim gi\u1ea3m) \uf0de T\u00ednh phi kim c\u1ee7a O y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n F. \u0110i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i chu k\u00ec ( t\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m) \uf0de T\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Na m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n M B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 13. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng +41,652.10-19 C; nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Y c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 1,8.10-22 gam. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y. GI\u1ea2I pX \uf03d 41, 652.10\uf02d19 \uf03d 26 \uf0de X l\u00e0 s\u1eaft (Fe); 1, 602.10\uf02d19 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 390","MY \uf03d 1, 793.10\uf02d22 \uf03d 108 (\u0111vC) \uf0de Y l\u00e0 b\u1ea1c (Ag) 1, 6605.10\uf02d24 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 14. Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t phi kim, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a R trong oxit cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a R trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro b\u1eb1ng 73 : 183. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi a l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi oxi (trong oxit). Suy ra oxit cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng R2Oa (a l\u1ebb); ROa\/2 (a ch\u1eb5n); h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng RH(8-a). Theo b\u00e0i ra, ta c\u00f3: * Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: n\u1ebfu a l\u1ebb R2Oa 2R : R \uf03d 73 \uf0de (2R \uf02b 16 \uf02d 2a).183 \uf03d 73.(2R \uf02b 16a) \uf0de R = 6,973a -13,31 2R \uf02b 16a R \uf02b 8 \uf02d a 183 Ta c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng: a7 5 R 35,5 21,555 Cl Lo\u1ea1i V\u1eady R l\u00e0 Cl: oxit l\u00e0 Cl2O7 v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi H l\u00e0 HCl. * Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: n\u1ebfu a ch\u1eb5n ROa\/2 . L\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 15. Ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 R trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro (trong \u0111\u00f3 R c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t) l\u00e0 a%, c\u00f2n trong oxit cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh R bi\u1ebft a : b=11 : 4 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. GI\u1ea2I V\u00ec R t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi H n\u00ean R l\u00e0 phi kim. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed R thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m x (x\uf0b34). Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a R v\u1edbi H l\u00e0 RH8-x \uf0de a= R R .100 \uf02b8\uf02d x c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a R l\u00e0 R2Ox \uf0de b= 2R .100 \uf0db b \uf03d R .100 2R \uf02b16x R \uf02b 8x \uf0de a \uf03d R \uf02b 8x \uf03d 11 \uf0db R \uf03d 43x \uf02d 88 b R+8-x 4 7 x4 5 67 R 12 18,14 24,28 30,42 C Lo\u1ea1i Lo\u1ea1i Lo\u1ea1i V\u1eady R l\u00e0 C \uf0de 2 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0 CH4 v\u00e0 CO2. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 16. Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X, Y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c XHa; YHa, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kia. Hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxit v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 X2On, Y2On, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai oxit h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau l\u00e0 34. T\u00ecm t\u00ean hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X v\u00e0 Y (MX < MY). GI\u1ea2I Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X v\u00e0 Y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u1edbi H v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit cao nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng 1 nh\u00f3m A, do v\u1eady a + n = 8 (1 \uf0a3 a \uf0a3 8; 4 \uf0a3 n \uf0a3 7 ) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 \uf0ecY \uf02b a \uf03d 2(X \uf02b a) \uf03d 34 \uf0de \uf0ecY \uf03d 2X \uf02b a \uf0ee\uf0ed(2Y \uf02b16n) \uf02d (2X \uf02b16n) \uf0ed\uf0ee2Y \uf03d 2X \uf02b 34 \uf0de Y = 34- a =34 - (8 - n) = 26 + n L\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng: n 45 6 7 Y 30 31 (P) 32 33 Ch\u1ecdn n = 5 v\u00e0 a = 3 \uf0de Y = 31 \uf0de X = 14. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 391","V\u1eady X l\u00e0 nit\u01a1, Y l\u00e0 ph\u1ed1t pho. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 17. X l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim g\u1ed3m (Fe, C, Fe3C), trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Fe l\u00e0 96%, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 3,1%, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Fe3C l\u00e0 a%. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a a. GI\u1ea2I X\u00e9t 100 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X ta c\u00f3 mC = 3,1 gam, mFe3C = a gam v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 gam Fe t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 96 gam. \uf0de mC\uf028trong Fe3C\uf029 \uf03d 100 \uf02d 96 \uf02d 3,1 \uf03d 12a \uf0de a = 13,5 180 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 18. Nung m gam \u0111\u00e1 X ch\u1ee9a 80% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gam CaCO3 (ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u01a1) m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y ch\u1ee9a 45,65 % CaO. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y CaCO3. GI\u1ea2I Ch\u1ecdn mX = 100 gam \uf0de mCaCO3 \uf03d 80.100% \uf03d 80 (g) \uf0de m(t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t) = 20 gam. G\u1ecdi h l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 B\u0111: 100 (g) 56 (g) 44 (g) P\u01b0: 80 (g) 56.80 .h 44.80 .h 100 100 mY \uf03d mX \uf02d mCO2 \uf03d 100 \uf02d 44. 80 .h 100 \uf0de 56. 80 .h \uf03d 45, 65 .\uf0e8\uf0e7\uf0e6100 \uf02d 44. 80 .h \uf0f6 \uf0de h = 0,75 \uf0de hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng 75%. 100 100 100 \uf0f7\uf0f8 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 19. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m oxi v\u00e0 ozon c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro l\u00e0 18. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u GI\u1ea2I X\u00e9t 1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed. G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a oxi l\u00e0 x \uf0de nO3 \uf03d 1\uf02d x (mol) Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft ta c\u00f3: M \uf03d 32x \uf02b 48.(1\uf02d x) \uf03d 18.2 \uf03d 36 \uf0de x \uf03d 0, 75 1 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef%VO2 \uf03d 0,75 .100% \uf03d 75% 1 \uf0ef\uf0ee%VO3 \uf03d 100% \uf02d 75% \uf03d 25% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 20. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 10% so v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u. Bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a N2 v\u00e0 H2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 : 3. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ta l\u1ea5y 1 mol N2 v\u00e0 3 mol H2 Trong m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh k\u00edn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed \uf0de n1 \uf03d p1 n2 p2 V\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 10% th\u00ec s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m 10% nY = 4. 90 \uf03d 3, 6 (mol) 100 Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 x l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol N2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Ban \u0111\u1ea7u: 1 3 0 Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: x 3x 2x CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 392","Sau p\u01b0: 1\uf02d x 3\uf02d 3x 2x nY \uf03d (1\uf02d x) \uf02b (3\uf02d3x) \uf02b 2x \uf03d 4 \uf02d 2x \uf03d 3,6 \uf0de x \uf03d 0,2 (mol) %VN2 \uf03d 1\uf02d 0, 2 \uf0b4100% \uf03d 22, 22%; %VH 2 \uf03d 3 \uf02d 3\uf0b4 0, 2 \uf0b4100% \uf03d 66, 67% 3, 6 3, 6 %VNH3 \uf03d 0, 2\uf0b4 2 \uf0b4100% \uf03d 11,11% 3, 6 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 21. Ho\u00e0 tan a gam m\u1ed9t oxit kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i) b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 4,9% ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 5,88%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II GI\u1ea2I X\u00e9t 1 mol MO. MO + H2SO4 \uf0ae MSO4 + H2O 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol m \uf03ddd H2SO4 98\uf0b4100 \uf03d 2000 (g) 4, 9 mdd MSO4 = (M + 16).1 + 2000 = M + 2016 (g) C%(MSO4 ) \uf03d M \uf02b 96 \uf0b4100% \uf03d 5,88% \uf0de M \uf03d 24 : Magie (Mg) M \uf02b 2016 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 22. Cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed clo l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i R (ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I) v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i X (ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II) th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim loa\u1ecb R \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng g\u1ea5p 3,375 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i X . Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a R thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p 2,126 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i clorua c\u1ee7a X \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean hai kim lo\u1ea1i GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 1 mol clo tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Cl2 + 2R \uf0ae 2RCl 1 mol 2 mol 2 mol Cl2 + X \uf0ae XCl2 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft: mR \uf03d 2\uf0b4MR \uf03d 3,375 \uf0de 2M R \uf03d 3,375M X (1) mX MX mRCl \uf03d 2\uf0b4M R \uf02b 71 \uf03d 2,126 \uf0de 2M R \uf02d 2,126M X \uf03d 79,946 (2) mXCl2 MX \uf02b 71 T\u1eeb (1) v\u00e0 (2) \uf0de M X \uf03d 64 ( X l\u00e0 Cu) v\u00e0 MR \uf03d108 ( R l\u00e0 Ag) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 23. Ho\u00e0 tan x gam kim lo\u1ea1i M trong y gam dung d\u1ecbch HCl 7,3% (l\u01b0\u1ee3ng axit v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 11,96%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i M. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i M (c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1 mol 2M + 2nHCl \uf0ae 2MCln + nH2 1 mol n 1 0,5n mdd HCl \uf03d 36, 5n \uf0b4100 \uf03d 500n (g) 7, 3 mdd MCln \uf03d mM \uf02b mdd HCl \uf02d mH2 \uf03d M \uf02b 500n \uf02d n \uf03d M \uf02b 499n (g) \uf0de C%(MCl2 ) \uf03d M \uf02b 35,5n \uf0b4100% \uf03d 11,96% \uf0de M \uf03d 27, 5n M \uf02b 499n C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 n = 2; M = 55 ( Mangan: Mn) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 393","B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 24. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m NaI v\u00e0 NaBr ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch A. Cho v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Brom v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i X c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 a gam. Ho\u00e0 tan X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B. X\u1ee5c kh\u00ed clo v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i Y c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i X l\u00e0 2a gam. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed trong 1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 x mol NaI v\u00e0 (1 \u2013 x) mol NaBr Cho dd A t\u00e1c dung v\u1edbi Brom 2NaI + Br2 \uf0ae 2NaBr + I2 (1) x mol x mol mu\u1ed1i X ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 NaBr v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0: x + (1 \u2013 x) = 1 (mol) \uf0de mNaBr = 103.1 = 103 (g) \uf0de mhh \u0111\u1ea7u = 103 + a (g) Cho dung d\u1ecbch B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo 2 NaBr + Cl2 \uf0ae 2 NaCl + Br2 (2) 1 mol 1 mol \uf0de m NaCl = 58,5.1= 58,5 (g) Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft: mNaBr = mNaCl + 2a \uf0de 103 = 58,5 + 2a \uf0de a = 22,25 mhh \u0111\u1ea7u = 103 + 22,25 = 125,25 (g) m hh \u0111\u1ea7u = mNaI + mNaBr = 150x + 103.(1 \u2013 x) = 125,25 \uf0de x = 0,4734 %mNaI \uf03d 0, 4734\uf0b4150 \uf0b4100 \uf03d 56, 69% ; %mNaBr \uf03d100% \uf02d 56,69% \uf03d 43, 31% 125, 26 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 25. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 20% t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch FeCl2 10%. \u0110un n\u00f3ng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, coi n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 100 gam dung d\u1ecbch NaOH tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \uf0de nNaOH \uf03d 100\uf0b4 20 \uf03d 0,5 (mol) 100\uf0b4 40 FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 0,25 mol 0,5 0,25 0,5 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 0,25 mol 0, 0625 0,25 mdd FeCl2 \uf03d 0, 25.127.100 \uf03d 317,5 (g) 10 mFe(OH)3 \uf03d 0, 25.107 \uf03d 26,75 (g) mddNaCl \uf03d mdd FeCl2 \uf02b mdd NaOH \uf02b mO2 \uf02d mFe(OH )3 mdd NaCl = 317,5 + 100 + 32. 0,0625 - 26,75 = 392,25 (g) mNaCl = 0,5 . 58,5 = 29,25 (g) \uf0de C%(NaCl) \uf03d 29, 25 .100% \uf03d 7, 45% 390, 25 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 26. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m CaCO3, Al2O3, Fe2O3, trong \u0111\u00f3 Al2O3 chi\u1ebfm 10,2%; Fe2O3 chi\u1ebfm 9,8%. Nung h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 67% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a A. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong B. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 100 gam \uf0de mAl2O3 \uf03d 10, 2 (g); mFe2O3 \uf03d 9,8 (g); mCaCO3 \uf03d 80 (g) CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 (1) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 394","mB \uf03d 67%.100 \uf03d 67 (g) \uf0de mCO2 = 100 \u2013 67 =33 (g) Theo (1): nCO2 \uf03d nCaO \uf03d nCaCO3 \uf03d 33 \uf03d 0, 75 (mol) 44 mCaCO3 (ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y) = 0,75 . 100 = 75 (g) mCaCO3 (d\u01b0) = 80 - 75 = 5 (g); mCaO = 56 . 0,75 = 42 (g) %mAl2O3 \uf03d 10, 2 .100% \uf03d 15, 22%; %mFe2O3 \uf03d 9,8 .100% \uf03d 14, 63% 67 67 %mCaCO3 \uf03d 5 .100% \uf03d 7, 4%; %mCaO \uf03d 42 .100% \uf03d 62, 69% 67 67 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 27. Nung m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i X c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 MgCO3, Fe2O3, v\u00e0 Al2O3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 59,3% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a X. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 A v\u00e0o H2O (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0), khu\u1ea5y k\u1ef9 th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 13,49% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a A. Nung n\u00f3ng B trong d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng 85% kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a B. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a CaCO3 trong X. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ta nung 100 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X G\u1ecdi x, y, z, t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CaCO3, MgCO3, Fe2O3, Al2O3. CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae CaO + CO2 (1) MgCO3 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae MgO + CO2 (2) Ch\u1ea5t A g\u1ed3m CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3 t\u00e1c dung v\u1edbi H2O d\u01b0 CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 (3) Ca(OH)2 + Al2O3 \uf0ae Ca(AlO2)2 + H2O (3) Ch\u1ea5t B g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 MgO, Fe2O3: mB \uf03d 59,3.13, 49 \uf03d 8 (g) 100 Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D c\u00f3 MgO v\u00e0 Fe: mD \uf03d 85.8 \uf03d 6, 8 (g) 100 mX \uf03d 100x \uf02b 84 y \uf02b160z \uf02b102t \uf03d 100 (I ) \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,825 (mol) mA \uf03d 56x \uf02b 40 y \uf02b160z \uf02b102t \uf03d 59,3 (II ) \uf0ef mB \uf03d 40 y \uf02b160z \uf03d 8 (III ) ; T\u1eeb (I), (II), (III) v\u00e0 (IV)\uf0de \uf0ef y \uf03d 0,1 (mol) \uf0ed \uf0efz \uf03d 0, 025 (mol) mD \uf03d 40 y \uf02b 2.56z \uf03d 6,8 (IV ) \uf0ee\uf0eft \uf03d 0, 05 (mol) mCaCO3 \uf03d 0,852.100 \uf03d 82,5 (g) \uf0de %mCaCO3 \uf03d 82,5 \uf0b4100% \uf03d 82,5% 100 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 28. Cho x gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 y% t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Na, Mg. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2 (kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng 0,05x gam. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 ban \u0111\u1ea7u x = 100 (g) \uf0de nH2 \uf03d 0, 05.100 \uf03d 2, 5 (mol) 2 H2SO4 + 2Na \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2 (1) H2SO4 + Mg \uf0ae MgSO4 + H2 (2) Do Na v\u00e0 Mg c\u00f2n d\u01b0 n\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 (3) 395 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC","2NaOH + MgSO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 (1) Theo (1) v\u00e0 (2): nH2 (1;2) \uf03d nH2SO4 \uf03d y (mol ) 98 Theo (3): nH2 \uf03d 1 \uf03d 1 .100 \uf02d y \uf03d 100 \uf02d y (mol) 2 nH2O 2 18 36 (3) \uf053nH2 \uf03d y \uf02b 100 \uf02d y \uf03d 2, 5 (mol) \uf0de y \uf03d 15,81 (g) \uf0de C%(H2SO4 ) \uf03d 15,81% 98 36 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 29. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a gam m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t A c\u1ee7a phot pho c\u1ea7n a mol O2 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 17 ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c P2O5 v\u00e0 13,5a\/17 gam H2O. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A bi\u1ebft MA< 65 g\/mol. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed a = 17 \uf0de nO2 \uf03d1 (mol) V\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 P2O5 v\u00e0 H2O \uf0de trong A c\u00f3 H, P v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 O G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 HxPyOz 4HxPyOz + (x + 5y \u2013 2z) O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2xH2O + 2yP2O5 \u0110LBTKL: mP2O5 = 17 + 32 - 13,5 = 35,5 (g) nH \uf03d 2nH2O \uf03d 13, 5.2 \uf03d 1,5 (mol); nP \uf03d 2.nP2O5 \uf03d 35, 5.2 \uf03d 0,5 (mol) 18 142 \uf0de nO \uf03d 17 \uf02d (1,5 \uf02b 0,5.31) \uf03d 0. V\u1eady trong A kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxi 16 \uf0de x : y = nH : nP = 1,5 : 0,5 = 3:1; MA < 65 \uf0de c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 PH3 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 30. Ho\u00e0 tan m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i cacbonat kim lo\u1ea1i M h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 9,8% ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i sunfat 14,18%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M. GI\u1ea2I Ch\u1ecdn 1 mol mu\u1ed1i M2(CO3)n: M2(CO3)n + nH2SO4 \uf0ae M2(SO4)n + nCO2 + nH2O 1 mol n mol 1 mol n mol \uf0de mdd H2SO4 \uf03d 98n.100 \uf03d 1000n (g) 9,8 \uf0de mdd mu\u00e8i \uf03d mM2(CO3)n \uf02b mdd H2SO4 \uf02d mCO2 \uf03d (2M \uf02b 60n) \uf02b1000n \uf02d 44n \uf03d (2M \uf02b1016n) (g) \uf0282M \uf02b 96\uf029 C%dd mu\u00e8i \uf03d 2M \uf02b1016 n .100% \uf03d 14,18% \uf0de M \uf03d 28n C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0: n = 2; M = 56 (Fe) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 31. Khi h\u00f2a tan hi\u0111roxit kim lo\u1ea1i M(OH)2 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 20% thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i trung ho\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 27,21%. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh M. GI\u1ea2I X\u00e9t 1 mol M(OH)2 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng M(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae MSO4 + 2H2O 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol mdd H2SO4 \uf03d 98.100 \uf03d 490 (g) \uf0de mdd MSO4 \uf03d (M \uf02b 34) \uf02b 490 \uf03d \uf028M \uf02b 96\uf029.100 \uf0de M \uf03d 64 20 27, 21 V\u1eady M l\u00e0 Cu B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 32. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m N2 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 H2 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 3,6. Sau khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 4. T\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. GI\u1ea2I X\u00e9t 1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X, ta c\u00f3: mx = MX = 3,6.2 = 7,2(g) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 396","\u0110\u1eb7t nN2 \uf03d a mol , ta c\u00f3: 28a + 2.(1 \uf02d a) = 7,2 \uf0de a = 0,2 \uf0de nN2 \uf03d 0,2 mol v\u00e0 nH2 \uf03d 0,8 mol N2 + 3H2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bex\uf0bet, t\uf0beo\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NH3 p Ban \u0111\u1ea7u: 0,2 0,8 2x Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: x 3x Sau p\u01b0: (0,2 \uf02d x) (0,8 \uf02d 3x) 2x nY = (0,2 - x) + (0,8 - 3x) + 2x = (1 \uf02d 2x) mol MY = 4.2 = 8 (g\/mol); \u0110LBTKL: mY = mX = 7,2 (g) \uf0de nY \uf03d mY \uf0de \uf0281\uf02d 2x\uf029 \uf03d 7,2 \uf0de x = 0,05 (mol) MY 8 V\u00ec 0, 2 \uf03c 0,8 \uf0de Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00ednh theo N2: HSP\u01af = 0,05 .100% \uf03d 25%. 1 3 0, 2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 12: BI\u1ec6N LU\u1eacN X\u00c1C \u0110\u1ecaNH C\u00d4NG TH\u1ee8C H\u00d3A H\u1eccC CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1. Cho 93,9 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X \u1edf d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m Fe3O4 v\u00e0 Al. Nung X trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. Chia Y th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n. Cho ph\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 672 ml kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc). Cho ph\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 18,816 l\u00edt H2 (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X ban \u0111\u1ea7u. GI\u1ea2I nH2 = 0,672\/22,4 = 0,03 (mol); nH2 = 18,816\/22,4 = 0,84 (mol) 8Al + 3Fe3O4 \uf0ae 4Al2O3 + 9Fe (1) V\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o kh\u00ed \uf0de Al d\u01b0, Fe3O4 h\u1ebft. Ph\u1ea7n 1 + dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 (2) 0,02 mol 0,03 mol 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0ae NaAlO2 + H2O (3) Ph\u1ea7n 2 + dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u1ea7n 2 g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n 1 ( k > 0) \uf0de nAl ( ph\u1ea7n 2) = 0,02k (mol). Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (3) 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (4) 0,02k mol 0,03k mol \uf0de nH2 do Fe t\u1ea1o ra = 0,84 \u2013 0,03k (mol) Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 (5) 0,84 \u2013 0,03k 0,84 \u2013 0,03k V\u00ec ph\u1ea7n 2 g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n 1 \uf0de nFe ( ph\u1ea7n 1) = (0,84 \u2013 0,03k)\/k (mol) \uf0de nFe = 0,84 \u2013 0,03k + (0,84 \u2013 0,03k)\/k = 0,81 + 0,84\/k \u2013 0,03k (mol) nAl (d\u01b0) = 0,02 + 0,02k Theo (1): nAl2O3 = 4\/9.nFe = 4.( 0,81 + 0,84\/k \u2013 0,03k)\/9 (mol) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110LBTKL: mAl + mFe3O4 = mAl(d\u01b0) + mAl2O3 + mFe \uf0de 27.( 0,02 + 0,02k) + 102.4.(0,81 + 0,84\/k \u2013 0,03k)\/9 + 56.(0,81 + 0,84\/k \u2013 0,03k) = 93,9 \uf0de 2,5k + 11,28 \u2013 85,12\/k = 0 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 397","\uf0de 2,5k2 + 11,28k \u2013 85,12 = 0 \uf0de k = 4 \uf0de nFe = 0,9 (mol); nAl (d\u01b0) = 0,1 (mol) \uf0de Theo (1): nFe3O4 = 0,3 (mol); nAl (p\u01b0) = 0,8 (mol) \uf0de mFe3O4 = 0,3.232 = 69,6 (g) v\u00e0 mAl = 27.(0,8 + 0,1) = 24,3 (g) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Zn, Fe, Cu. Cho 9,25 gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,24 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 0,3 mol X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 7,84 l\u00edt kh\u00ed clo (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i trong X. GI\u1ea2I nH2 = 2,24\/22,4 = 0,1 (mol); nCl2 = 7,84\/22,4 = 0,35 (mol) G\u1ecdi x, y, z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Zn, Fe, Cu c\u00f3 trong 9,25 gam X. Zn + 2HCl \uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 (1) x mol x mol Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 (2) y mol y mol Ta c\u00f3: 65x + 56y + 64z = 9,25 (I); x + y = 0,1 (II) C\u00e1ch 1: N\u1ebfu cho x + y + z mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed clo d\u01b0 th\u00ec: Zn + Cl2 \uf0ae ZnCl2 (3) x mol x mol 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 (4) y mol 1,5y mol Cu + Cl2 \uf0ae CuCl2 (5) z mol z mol V\u00ec ( x + y + z) mol X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n ( x + 1,5y + z) mol Cl2 V\u00e0 0,3 mol X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n 0,35 mol Cl2 \uf0de (x + y+ z)\/0,3 = ( x + 1,5y + z)\/0,35 \uf0de x \u2013 2y + z = 0 (III) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (I), (II), (III) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: x = 0,05 (mol); y = 0,05 (mol); z = 0,05 (mol) \uf0de mZn = 0,05. 65 = 3,25 (g); mFe = 0,05.56 = 2,8 (g); mCu = 3,2 (g) C\u00e1ch 2: Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 0,3 mol X g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 mol X c\u00f3 trong 9,25 gam X. nZn = kx (mol); nFe = ky (mol); nCu = kz (mol) Zn + Cl2 \uf0ae ZnCl2 (3) kx mol kx mol 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 (4) ky mol 1,5ky mol Cu + Cl2 \uf0ae CuCl2 (5) kz mol kz mol Ta c\u00f3: kx + ky + kz = k.(x + y + z) = 0,3 (III) v\u00e0 kx + 1,5ky + kz = k.( x + 1,5y + z) = 0,35 (IV) T\u1eeb (III) v\u00e0 (IV) \uf0de (x + y + z)\/ ( x + 1,5y + z) = 0,3\/0,35 \uf0de x \u2013 2y + z = 0 (VI) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (I), (II), (VI) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch 1. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3. H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 20 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m MgO, CuO v\u00e0 Fe2O3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng v\u1eeba h\u1ebft 350 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 2M. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu d\u1eabn kh\u00ed H2 d\u01b0 qua \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9a 0,4 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c a gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 7,2 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ednh a. GI\u1ea2I nHCl = 0,35.2 = 0,7 (mol); nH2O = 7, 2 = 0,4 (mol) 18 G\u1ecdi x, y, z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a MgO, CuO, Fe2O3 c\u00f3 trong 0,4 mol X. H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O y mol y mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 398","3H2 + Fe2O3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O z mol 3z mol Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed 20 gam X c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a 0,4 mol X MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O kx mol 2kx mol CuO + 2HCl \uf0ae CuCl2 + H2O ky mol 2ky mol Fe2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2FeCl3 + 3H2O kz mol 6kz mol Theo \u0111\u1ec1, ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \uf0ecx \uf02b y \uf02b z \uf03d 0, 4 \uf0ecx \uf02b y \uf02b z \uf03d 0, 4 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,16 (mol) \uf0ef\uf0ef y \uf02b 3z \uf03d 0, 4 \uf0ef \uf0ef (mol) \uf0ef\uf0ed40kx \uf02b 80ky \uf02b160kz \uf03d 20 \uf0de \uf0ed y \uf02b 3z \uf03d 0, 4 \uf0de \uf0ed y \uf03d 0,16 (mol) \uf0ee\uf0ef2kx \uf02b 2ky \uf02b 6kz \uf03d 0, 7 \uf0ef\uf0ee3x \uf02d 4 y \uf02b 2z \uf03d 0 \uf0ef\uf0eez \uf03d 0, 08 nH 2 (p\u01b0) = nH2O = 0,4 (mol) \u0110LBTKL: mX + mH2 = a + mH2O \uf0de 0,16.40 + 0,16.80 + 0,08.160 + 0,4.2 = a + 18.0,4 \uf0de a = 25,6 (g) Ho\u1eb7c: nO (X)p\u01b0 = nH2O = 0,4 (mol) \uf0de a = mX \u2013 mO (X) p\u01b0 = 0,16.40 + 0,16.80 + 0,08.160 \u2013 0,4.16 = 25,6 (g) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4. A l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m s\u1eaft t\u1eeb oxit, \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) oxit, nh\u00f4m oxit. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft 44,3 gam A c\u1ea7n 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch H3PO4 1M. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y 0,7 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2 d\u01b0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00ec sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 21,6 gam H2O. T\u00ednh % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong A GI\u1ea2I nH3PO4 = 0,5.1 = 0,5 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 21, 6 = 1,2 (mol) 18 G\u1ecdi x, y, z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Fe3O4, CuO, Al2O3 c\u00f3 trong 44,3 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. 3Fe3O4 + 8H3PO4 \uf0ae 6FePO4 + Fe3(PO4)2 + 12H2O x mol 8x mol 3CuO + 2H3PO4 \uf0ae Cu3(PO4)2 + 3H2O y mol 2 y mol 3 Al2O3 + 2H3PO4 \uf0ae 2AlPO4 + 3H2O z mol 2z mol N\u1ebfu cho (x + y + z ) mol A ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi H2 d\u01b0: 4H2 + Fe3O4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3Fe + 4H2O x mol 4x mol H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O y mol y mol \uf0ec\uf028 x \uf02b y \uf02b z\uf029 mol A pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng ta\u00efo \uf028 4x \uf02b \uf029y mol H2O \uf0ef 0, 7 mol A pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng ta\u00efo 1, 2 mol H2O \uf0ef 4x \uf02b y \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0de x \uf02by\uf02b z \uf03d \uf0ef 0, 7 1, 2 \uf0ef\uf0de 16x \u2013 5y \u2013 12z \uf03d 0 \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0ee CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 399","Theo \u0111\u1ec1 \uf0ec \uf0ef\uf0ec%mFe3O4 \uf03d 232.0,1.100% \uf03d 52,37% \uf0ef16x \uf02d 5y \uf02d12z \uf03d 0 \uf0ef 44, 3 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,1(mol) \uf0ef \uf0ef \uf0ed\uf0ef%mCuO \uf03d 80.0, 2 .100% \uf0ed232x \uf02b 80 y \uf02b 102z \uf03d 44, 3 \uf0de \uf0ed y \uf03d 0, 2(mol) \uf0de \uf0ef 44, 3 \uf03d 36,12% \uf0ef\uf0ef8x \uf02b 2y \uf02b 2z \uf03d 0,5 \uf0ee\uf0ef z \uf03d 0, 05(mol \uf0ef\uf0ef%mAl2O3 \uf0ee3 3 ) \uf03d 11,51% \uf0ee B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m (Al v\u00e0 oxit FexOy). Nung m gam X trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, khi \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Al + FexOy \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + Fe (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng). Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. Chia Y th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n: 1: cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,68 l\u00edt kh\u00ed v\u00e0 12,6 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 27,72 l\u00edt SO2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 263,25 gam mu\u1ed1i sunfat. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf \u0111ktc. 1) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2) T\u00ecm m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a oxit FexOy GI\u1ea2I C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 3FexOy + 2yAl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3xFe + yAl2O3 (1) Cho ph\u1ea7n 1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed, suy ra trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 Al d\u01b0. V\u00ec Al c\u00f2n d\u01b0, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean FexOy h\u1ebft. V\u1eady th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Y c\u00f3: Al2O3, Fe v\u00e0 Al d\u01b0. Ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 2NaOH \u2192 2NaAlO2 + H2O (2) 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \u2192 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 (3) Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe \uf0de mFe = 12,6 (g) Ph\u1ea7n 2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0: (4) Al2O3 + 3H2SO4(\u0111) \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O 2Al + 6H2SO4(\u0111) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (5) 2Fe + 6H2SO4(\u0111) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (6) nAl = 2 .nH 2 = 0,05 (mol); nFe = 12, 6 = 0,225 (mol) 3 56 Ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u00f3: Al2O3; 0,225 mol Fe; 0,05 mol Al. - Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea5p a l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n 1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra trong ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3: ( Al2O3, Fe(0,225a mol) v\u00e0 Al (0,05a mol) T\u1eeb p\u01b0 (5) v\u00e0 (6) suy ra: nSO 2 = 3 .(nAl + nFe) = 3 .(0,05a + 0,225a) = 27, 72 = 1,2375 (mol) \uf0dea=3 2 2 22, 4 \uf0de ph\u1ea7n 2 c\u00f3: 0,675 mol Fe v\u00e0 0,15 mol Al \uf0e5mu\u1ed1i sunfat = m Al2 (SO4 )3 + m Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 263,25 (g) (7) Theo (4), (5): n Al2 (SO4 )3 = n Al2O3 + 1 .nAl = n Al2O3 + 0,075 2 Theo (6): n Fe2 (SO4 )3 = 1 .nFe = 0,3375 mol 2 Thay c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 mol v\u00e0o (7) \uf0de n Al2O3 = 0,3 mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 400"]