["mph\u1ea7n 2 = m Al2O3 + mFe + mAl = 0,3.102 + 0,675.56 + 0,15.27 = 72,45 (g) \uf0de mph\u1ea7n 1 = 72,45\/3 =24,15 (g) \uf0de m = mph\u1ea7n 1 + m ph\u1ea7n 2 = 96,6 (g) X\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n 2: t\u1eeb (1) ta c\u00f3: 3x : y = nFe : n Al2O3 = 0,675 : 0,3 \uf0de x : y = 3: 4 \uf0de oxit l\u00e0 Fe3O4 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 6. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m gam g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9t Al v\u00e0 s\u1eaft oxit FexOy. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u00f4m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B. Nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf, tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u B r\u1ed3i chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n. Ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 14,49 gam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C v\u00e0 3,696 l\u00edt kh\u00ed NO duy nh\u1ea5t (\u0111ktc). Cho ph\u1ea7n 2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng 0,336 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 2,52 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 1) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. 2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft oxit v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m. GI\u1ea2I nH2 \uf03d 0, 336 \uf03d 0,015 ( mol) 22, 4 3FexOy + 2yAl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 3xFe + yAl2O3 (1) Cho ph\u1ea7n 2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed, suy ra trong ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 Al d\u01b0. V\u00ec Al c\u00f2n d\u01b0, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean FexOy h\u1ebft. V\u1eady th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B c\u00f3: Al2O3, Fe v\u00e0 Al d\u01b0. Ph\u1ea7n 2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 (2) (3) 0,01 mol 0,015 mol Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe \uf0de mFe = 2,52 (g) \uf0de nFe = 2,52 =0,045 (mol); 56 Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ph\u1ea7n 1 g\u1ea5p k l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n 2 \uf0de Ph\u1ea7n 1 c\u00f3: 0,01k mol Al; 0,045k mol Fe; Al2O3 Ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 \u0111un n\u00f3ng: Al + 4HNO3 \uf0ae Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (4) 0,01k 0,01k mol Fe + 4HNO3 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O (5) 0,045k 0,045k mol Al2O3 + 6HNO3 \uf0ae 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O (6) nNO \uf03d 3, 696 \uf03d 0,165 ( mol) \uf0de 0,01k + 0,045 = 0,055k = 0,165 \uf0de k = 3 22, 4 \uf0de nAl2O3 ( p1) \uf03d 14, 49 \uf02d (27.0, 01.3 \uf02b 56.0, 045.3) = 0,06 (mol) 102 Theo (1): nFe \uf03d 3x \uf03d 0, 045.3 \uf0de x \uf03d3 \uf0de C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft l\u00e0 Fe3O4 nAl2O3 y 0, 06 y 4 \u0110KLBTKL: mA = mB = 14,49 + 14, 49 = 19,32 (g 3 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 7. Nung 40,1 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Al v\u00e0 FexOy trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed FexOy th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,36 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan C n\u1eb7ng 27,2 gam. N\u1ebfu cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 B tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7,84 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft. GI\u1ea2I nH2 = 3,36\/22,4 = 0,15 (mol); nH2 = 7,84\/22,4 = 0,35 (mol). 401 2yAl + 3FexOy \uf0ae yAl2O3 + 3xFe (1) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC","V\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean B g\u1ed3m: Al2O3, Fe v\u1edbi Al d\u01b0 v\u00e0 FexOy d\u01b0. B + dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0ae NaAlO2 + H2O (2) 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 (3) 0,1 mol 0,15 mol C g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 FexOy d\u01b0 \uf0de mFe + mFexOy (d\u01b0) = 27,2 (g) B + dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0: Al2O3 + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2O (4) FexOy + 2yHCl \uf0ae FeCl2y\/x + yH2O (5) 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (6) 0,1 mol 0,15 mol nH2 do Fe t\u1ea1o ra = 0,35 \u2013 0,15 = 0,2 (mol) Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 (7) 0,2 mol 0,2 mol \uf0de mFexOy (d\u01b0) = 27,2 \u2013 56.0,2 = 16 (g) \uf0de mAl (d\u01b0) + mFexOy (d\u01b0) = 27.0,1 + 16 = 18,7 (g) \uf0de mAl (p\u01b0) + mFexOy (p\u01b0) = 40,1 \u2013 18,7 = 21,4 (g) \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110LBTKL: mAl2O3 + mFe = mAl (p\u01b0) + mFexOy (p\u01b0) = 21,4 \uf0de mAl2O3 + 56.0,2 = 21,4 \uf0de mAl2O3 = 10,2 (g) \uf0de nAl2O3 = 10,2\/102 = 0,1 (mol) Theo (1): nFe\/ nAl2O3 = 3x\/y = 0,2\/0,1 = 2 \uf0de x\/y = 2\/3 \uf0de CTHH: Fe2O3 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 8. Cho 3,25 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m (M) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i (R) h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 0,045 mol H2. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch D thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,06 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A khan. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 R. GI\u1ea2I PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: 2M + 2H2O \uf0ae 2MOH + H2 (1) V\u00ec X tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 R c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c R ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ki\u1ec1m. R + 2H2O \uf0ae R(OH)2 + H2 (2) Ho\u1eb7c: 2MOH + R \uf0ae M2RO2 + H2 (3) N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ec theo (1,2): nOH ( 2 baz\u01a1) = 2. nH2 = 2.0,045 = 0,09 (mol) \uf0de mA = mMOH + mR(OH)2 = mX + mOH = 3,25 + 17.0,09 = 4,78 (g) \uf0b9 4,06 (g): tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft \uf0de Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (3) x\u1ea3y ra, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. G\u1ecdi a, b l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a M v\u00e0 R. V\u00ec X tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00ean A ch\u1ee9a M2RO2 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 MOH d\u01b0. Ta c\u00f3: aM + bR = 3,25 (I) Theo (1,3): nH2 = 0,5a + b = 0,045 (II) nM2RO2 = nR = b (mol); nMOH (d\u01b0) = a \u2013 2b (mol) \uf0de mM2RO2 + mMOH (d\u01b0) = (2M + R + 32).b + (M + 17).(a \u2013 2b) = 4,06 \uf0de aM + bR + 17a \u2013 2b = 4,06 \uf0de 3,25 +17a \u2013 2b = 4,06 \uf0de 17a \u2013 2b = 0,81 (III) T\u1eeb (II) v\u00e0 (III) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: a = 0,05; b = 0,02 \uf0de 0,05.M + 0,02.R = 3,25 \uf0de 5M + 2R = 325 C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 R = 65 ( Zn) v\u00e0 M = 39 (K) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 9. Cho d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 nung n\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 2 oxit c\u1ee7a 2 kim lo\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 kh\u00ed B. ho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00ed B v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,50 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 10% (v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7) th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 402","\u0111\u1ed9 11,243 %, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 0,96 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hai oxit, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. GI\u1ea2I V\u00ec A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd H2SO4 10% kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, c\u00f3 0,96 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn n\u00ean A ch\u1ee9a kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng dd H2SO4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed H2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra khi oxit c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ecb CO kh\u1eed. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c A ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a oxit kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u1eed b\u1edfi CO, oxit \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed oxit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CO l\u00e0 R2On, oxit kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CO l\u00e0 M2Om PTHH: M2Om + mCO \uf0ae 2M + mCO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O Ta c\u00f3 nCO2 \uf03d nCaCO3 \uf03d 1,5 \uf03d 0,015(mol) \uf0de nM = 0,015.2 \uf03d 0,03 (mol) 100 m m mM = 0,03 \uf03d 0,96(g) \uf0de MM = 32.m m .M M L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eed c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m = 1, 2, 3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: m = 2; MM = 64; Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Cu \uf0de CTHH oxit: CuO - Khi cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng dd H2SO4: R2On + nH2SO4 \u2192 R2(SO4)n + nH2O G\u1ecdi x l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol R2On trong A. Ta c\u00f3 (2.M R \uf02b 96n).x \uf03d 11,243 \uf0de MR = 9.n (2.M R \uf02b16n).x \uf02b 980nx 100 L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eed c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n = 1, 2, 3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p: n = 3; M = 27; Kim lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Al \uf0de CTHH oxit: Al2O3 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 10. Ho\u00e0 tan 23 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Ba v\u00e0 2 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m A, B thu\u1ed9c 2 chu k\u00ec li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 5,6 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111kc). N\u1ebfu th\u00eam 180 ml dd Na2SO4 0,5M v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D th\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bari. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam 210 ml dd Na2SO4 0,5M v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f2n d\u01b0 Na2SO4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean 2 kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m. Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2 GI\u1ea2I 2A + 2H2O \uf0ae 2AOH + H2 2B + 2H2O \uf0ae 2BOH + H2 (1) (2) (3) Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 + 2NaOH Theo \u0111\u1ec1: 0,18.0,5 = 0,09 (mol) < nBa < 0,21.0,5 = 0,105 (mol) \uf0de 0,09 . 137 = 12,33 (gam) < mBa < 0,105 . 137 = 14,385 (gam) \uf0de mhh (A, B) = 23 \u2013 mBa \uf0de 23 \u2013 14,385 = 8,6 < mhh < 23 \u2013 12,33 = 10,67 Theo (1,2,3): nBa + \u00bd. nhh (A, B) = nH2 = 5,6\/22,4 = 0,25 (mol) \uf0de nhh = 2.(0,25 \u2013 nBa) = 0,5 \u2013 2nBa \uf0de \uf0de 0,5 \u2013 2.0,105 = 0,29 < nhh < 0,5 \u2013 2.0,09 = 0,32 \uf0de 8,6 \uf03d 27,785 \uf03c M \uf03c 10,67 \uf03d 36,793 0,32 0,29 A, B thu\u1ed9c 2 chu k\u00ec li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 27 < M < 37 n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Na (23) v\u00e0 K (39) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 11. H\u00f2a tan a gam m\u1ed9t oxit s\u1eaft FexOy v\u00e0o trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed SO2 duy nh\u1ea5t.M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a gam oxit s\u1eaft tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed CO, h\u00f2a tan l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh trong dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng (d\u01b0) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 g\u1ea5p 9 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SO2 \u1edf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. a) Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong hai th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft. GI\u1ea2I 2FexOy + (6x -2y )H2SO4 ( \u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xFe2(SO4)3 + (3x-2y) SO2 \uf0ad + (6x -2y )H2O (1) a \uf0283x \uf02d 2y\uf029 a (mol) (mol) 2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 403","FexOy + yH2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xFe + yH2O (2) a (mol) ax (mol) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 ( \u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 \uf0ad + 6H2O (3) ax (mol) 1,5 ax ( mol) Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i : nSO2 (3) \uf03d 9 \uf0d7 nSO2 (1) n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 : 1,5ax \uf0d7 2 \uf03d 9 \uf0de x \uf03d 18 \uf03d 3 \uf0de CTPT c\u1ee7a oxit s\u1eaft l\u00e0 : Fe3O4. a(3x \uf02d 2y) y 24 4 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 12. A l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. Cho m gam A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl 10%, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Trong dung d\u1ecbch B, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 HCl l\u00e0 6,1%. Cho NaOH v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch B \u0111\u1ec3 trung h\u00f2a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n axit, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 16,03 gam NaCl duy nh\u1ea5t. A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o. T\u00ednh m. GI\u1ea2I \uf0ecA + dd HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae dungdich B ( kh\u00f4ngc\u00f3 kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra) \uf0ef \uf0edDung dd B + dd NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae dd C \uf0ee\uf0efC\u00f4 can dd C \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl \uf0de A ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: NaOH, Na2O ho\u1eb7c NaCl 16,03 nNaCl = 58,5 = 0,274 (mol) TH1: A l\u00e0 NaOH c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m gam (x mol) nHCl = nNaCl = 0,274 (mol) mHCl = 0,274.36,5 = 10 (g) \uf0de mdd HCl 10% = 100 (g) \uf0de mdd B = 40x + 100 (g) NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O x mol x mol NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O (0,274\u2013 x) C%(HCl d\u01b0) = 36,5.(0,274 \uf02d x) .100% = 6,1% \uf0de x = 0,1 (mol) \uf0de m = 40.0,1 = 4 (g) 40x \uf02b100 TH2: A l\u00e0 Na2O c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m gam ( x mol) nHCl = nNaCl = 0,274 (mol) mHCl = 0,274.36,5 = 10 (g) \uf0de mdd HCl 10% = 100 (g) \uf0de mdd B = 62x + 100 (g) Na2O + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O x mol 2x mol NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O (0,274\u2013 2x) C%(HCl) = 36,5.(0,274 \uf02d 2x) .100% = 6,1% \uf0de x = 0,05 (mol) \uf0de m = 62.0,1 = 3,15 (g) 62x \uf02b100 TH3: A l\u00e0 NaCl c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m gam ( x mol) \uf0de nNaCl ( t\u1ea1o ra) = 0,274 \u2013 x (mol) NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O (0,274-x) ( 0,274-x) mHCl = 36,5.(0,274-x) (g) \uf0de mdd HCl 10% = 365.(0,274-x) (g) \uf0de mdd B = 58,5.x + 365.(0,274-x) = 100 -306,5x (g) C%(HCl d\u01b0) = 36,5.(0,274\uf02d x) = 6,1% \uf0de x = 0,219 (mol) 100\uf02d 306,5x .100% \uf0de m = 58,5.0,219 = 12,81 (g) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 13. A l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m M2CO3, MHCO3, MCl. Cho 43,71 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 17,6 gam kh\u00ed C. Chia dung d\u1ecbch B l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 404","b\u1eb1ng nhau. Ph\u1ea7n 1 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 125 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 0,8M. Ph\u1ea7n 2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 68,88 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean kim lo\u1ea1i M. GI\u1ea2I T\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c M2CO3, MHCO3 v\u00e0 MCl \uf0de M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I. G\u1ecdi x, y, z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a M2CO3, MHCO3 v\u00e0 MCl c\u00f3 trong 43,71 gam hh. M2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2MCl + CO2 + H2O; MHCO3 + HCl \uf0ae MCl + CO2 + H2O x mol 2x 2x x y mol y yy nCO 2 = x + y = 17,6\/44 = 0,4 (mol) ( *) 1 dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a: ( x + 0,5y + 0,5z) mol MCl v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0 2 Ph\u1ea7n 1: nKOH = 0,125.0,8 = 0,1 (mol); KOH + HCl \uf0ae KCl + H2O 0,1 mol 0,1 mol Ph\u1ea7n 2: nAgCl = 68,88\/143,5 = 0,48 (mol) AgNO3 + HCl \uf0ae AgCl + HNO3; AgNO3 + MCl \uf0ae AgCl + MNO3 0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,38 mol 0,38 mol \uf0de x + 0,5y + 0,5z = 0,38 \uf0de 2x + y + z = 0,76 (mol) (**) T\u1eeb ( *) v\u00e0 (**) \uf0de x + z = 0,36 ( ***) \uf0de \uf0ec0 \uf03c z \uf03c 0,36 \uf0ee\uf0edx \uf03d 0,36 \uf02d z M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3: (2M + 60).x + ( M + 61).y + (M + 35,5).z = 43,71 \uf0db (2x +y + z).M + 61.(x + y) - x + 35,5z = 43,71 \uf0db 0,76.M + 61.0,4 \u2013 (0,36 \u2013 z) + 35,5z = 43,71 \uf0db 0,76. M + 36,5.z = 19,67 \uf0de z = 19,67 \uf02d 0,76.M 36,5 V\u00ec 0 < z < 0,36 \uf0db 19,67 \uf02d 0,76.M < 0,36 \uf0de \uf0ec19,67 \uf02d 0,76M \uf03e0 \uf0ee\uf0ed19,67 \uf02d 0,76M \uf03c 13,14 0< 36,5 \uf0de 8,59 < M < 25,88 v\u00e0 M c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I \uf0de M ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Na (23) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 14. H\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc 7,14 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbonat c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i R (h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I ). Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o, th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ra 1,344 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 mu\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. GI\u1ea2I Mu\u1ed1i cacbonat v\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbonat c\u1ee7a R ( h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I) c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng R2CO3 v\u00e0 RHCO3 nCO 2 = 1,344\/22,4 = 0,06 (mol) + H2O (1) R2CO3 2RCl + CO2 + 2HCl \uf0ae RHCO3 + HCl \uf0ae RCl + CO2 + H2O (2) Theo (1) v\u00e0 (2): T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 mu\u1ed1i R2CO3 v\u00e0 RHCO3 = nCO 2 = 0,06 (mol) \uf0de Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 2 mu\u1ed1i R2CO3 v\u00e0 RHCO3 = 7,14\/0,06 = 119 (g\/mol) \uf0de \uf0deV\u00ec MR > MH = 1 MR 2 CO 3 > MRHCO 3 MR 2 CO 3 > 119 > MRHCO 3 \uf0de 2.MR + 60 > 119 > MR + 61 \uf0de 29,5 < MR < 58; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c R c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I \uf0de R ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 K (39) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 15. X g\u1ed3m 2 kim lo\u1ea1i Mg v\u00e0 R. Cho 8 gam X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,48 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). N\u1ebfu cho 16 gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 11,2 l\u00edt kh\u00ed clo (\u0111ktc). X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i R. GI\u1ea2I nCl2 ( 16 g) = 0,5 mol \uf0de nCl2 ( 8 g) = 0,25 mol TH1: R kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HCl. G\u1ecdi n l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a R ( 1 \uf0a3 n \uf0a3 3, n nguy\u00ean) Mg + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2; Mg + Cl2 \uf0ae MgCl2 0,2 0,2 mol 0,2 0,2 mol V\u00ec 0,2 < 0,25 \uf0de R c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi clo. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 405","2R + nCl2 \uf0ae 2RCln 0,1 0,05 mol n MR = ( 8- 0,2.24) : 0,1 = 32n \uf0de C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 n = 2 v\u00e0 MR = 64 \uf0de R l\u00e0 Cu n TH2: R ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HCl. G\u1ecdi n l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a R khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HCl ( 1 \uf0a3 n \uf0a3 3, n nguy\u00ean) Mg + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2 a a mol 2R + 2nHCl \uf0ae 2RCln + nH2 b nb mol 0,5nb Mg + Cl2 \uf0ae MgCl2 a a mol G\u1ecdi m l\u00e0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a R khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Cl2 (n\uf0a3 m \uf0a3 3, n nguy\u00ean) 2R + mCl2 \uf0ae 2RClm b 0,5nb mol Theo \u0111\u1ec1, ta c\u00f3: \uf0ec24a \uf02b b.R \uf03d 8 \uf0ed\uf0efa \uf02b 0,5nb \uf03d 0,2 \uf0ef\uf0eea \uf02b 0,5mb \uf03d 0,25 \uf0de n < m \uf0a3 3; b = 0,1 = 3,2 \uf0de R = 12n + 32.(m-n) m\uf02dn R \uf02d12n C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m =3; n = 2 ( R = 56) \uf0de R l\u00e0 Fe B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 16. Nung 12,12 gam m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed v\u00e0 2,4g m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed tr\u00ean h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o 100g dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 3,6% \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 6,972%. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c A. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH sinh ra mu\u1ed1i NaxX (X l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c axit t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i). B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Na \uf0de nNax X \uf03d nNaOH \uf03d 3, 6 \uf03d 0, 09 mol \uf0de mNax X \uf03d 0,09(23x \uf02b X ) (g) x 40x x x Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed = 12,12 \u2013 2,4 = 9,72 (g) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i = 9,72 + 100 = 109,72 (g). V\u1eady: C% \uf03d 2,07x \uf02b 0,09X \uf0b4100% \uf03d 6,972% \uf0de X \uf03d 62.x khi x = 1 \uf0de X = 62 = NO3- 109, 72x V\u1eady trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed c\u00f3 NO2, O2 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 nitrat. Khi nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i nitrat th\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m r\u1eafn l\u00e0 nitrit ho\u1eb7c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kim lo\u1ea1i. Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 oxit. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i: M (NO3)n \uf0ae M2Om \uf02b NO2 \uf02b O2 (m \uf0b3 n) . B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 N \uf0de nNO3 = nNO2 = nNa = nNaOH = 0,09 (mol) \uf0de nmu\u1ed1i = nM = 0,09\/n \uf0de nM2Om = 0,045\/n V\u1eady kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxit = 0,045\/n (2M + 16m) = 2,4 \uf0de M \uf03d 2, 4n \uf02d 0,72m khi n = m = 3 0, 09 \uf0de M = 56 (Fe) \uf0de Mu\u1ed1i nitrat Fe(NO3)3 nMu\u1ed1i = 0,09\/3 = 0,03 (mol) \uf0de mmu\u1ed1i = 0,03.242 = 7,26 (g) < 12,12 (g) \uf0de mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 k\u1ebft tinh n\u01b0\u1edbc 406 G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c mu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 Fe(NO3)3.aH2O. S\u1ed1 mol n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft tinh l\u00e0: (12,12 \u2013 7,26)\/18 = 0,27( mol) \uf0de a = 0,27\/0,03 = 9. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i A l\u00e0 Fe(NO3)3.9H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC","B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 17. H\u00f2a tan 1,7 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i A ( h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II duy nh\u1ea5t) trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o 672 ml kh\u00ed (\u0111ktc). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu h\u00f2a tan 1,9 gam kim lo\u1ea1i A th\u00ec d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 0,5M. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i A. GI\u1ea2I 0,672 nH 2 = 22,4 = 0,03 (mol) Zn + 2HCl \uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 (1) A + 2HCl \uf0ae ACl2 + H2 (2) Theo (1,2): nZn + nA = nH 2 = 0,03 (mol) Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 2 kim lo\u1ea1i = 1,7 = 56,67 (g\/mol) 0,03 V\u00ec MZn = 65 > 56,67 \uf0de MA < 56,67 (*) nHCl = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1 (mol) A + 2HCl \u2192 ACl2 + H2 (2) 1,9 3,8 mol MA MA Theo \u0111\u1ec1: 3,8 < 0,1 \uf0de MA > 38 (**) MA T\u1eeb (*), (**) v\u00e0 A c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II \uf0de A ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ca (40) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 18. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i A ( h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II ) tan h\u1ebft trong dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y tho\u00e1t ra 4,48 l\u00edt kh\u00ed \u0111ktc. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 26,75 gam mu\u1ed1i khan. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh M, bi\u1ebft nA: nFe > 2 : 1. GI\u1ea2I 4,48 nH 2 = 22,4 = 0,2 (mol) A + 2HCl \uf0ae ACl2 + H2 (1) a mol a mol a mol Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 (2) b mol b mol b mol Theo \u0111\u1ec1, ta c\u00f3: \uf0eca \uf02b b \uf03d 0,2 \uf03d 26,75 \uf0db \uf0ec127a \uf02b 127b \uf03d 25,4 \uf03d 26,75 \uf0de (MA \u2013 56).a = \uf0ee\uf0ed(M A \uf02b 71).a \uf02b127b \uf0ee\uf0ed(M A \uf02b 71).a \uf02b 127b 1,35 \uf0de a= 1,35 ; V\u00ec a < 0,2 \uf0de 1,35 < 0,2 \uf0de MA > 62,75 (*) M A \uf02d 56 M A \uf02d 56 M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: \uf0eca \uf02b b \uf03d 0,2 \uf0db \uf0ec(M A \uf02b 71).a \uf02b (M A \uf02b 71)b \uf03d 0,2.(M A \uf02b 71) \uf0ed\uf0ee(M A \uf02b 71).a \uf02b127b \uf0ee\uf0ed(M A \uf02b 71).a \uf02b127b \uf03d 26,75 \uf03d 26,75 \uf0de(MA \u2013 56).b = 0,2.MA \u2013 12,55 \uf0de b = 0,2M A \uf02d12,55 \uf0de a= 1,35 >2 M A \uf02d 56 b 0,2M A \uf02d12,55 \uf0de MA < 66,125 (**) T\u1eeb (*) v\u1edbi (**) v\u00e0 A c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II \uf0de A ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Zn ( 65) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 19. Kh\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 4,06 gam m\u1ed9t oxit kim lo\u1ea1i M b\u1eb1ng 3,136 l\u00edt CO (\u0111ktc) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim lo\u1ea1i M v\u00e0 kh\u00ed X. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a X \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro b\u1eb1ng 18. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i M sinh ra ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ebft v\u00e0o m gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98% \u0111un n\u00f3ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed SO2 ( S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 407","b) Dung d\u1ecbch Y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau l\u00edt clo (\u0111ktc) trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a oxit c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0 RxOy (x, y nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng) PPTH: RxOy + yCO \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae xR + yCO2 (1) M X = 36 \uf0de X c\u00f3 CO d\u01b0 T\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol CO2 = 0,07 mol = s\u1ed1 mol CO ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol RxOy = 0,07\/y \uf0ae x.MR + 16.y = 58.y \uf0de MR = 42.y\/x C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 x = 3; y = 4 \uf0ae CT: Fe3O4 S\u1ed1 mol Fe = 0,0525 mol; g\u1ecdi a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol Fe tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) 2Fe + 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O (1) a 3a 0,5a Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 \uf0ae 3FeSO4 (2) 0,5a 0,5a L\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2SO4 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \uf0db a + 0,5a = 0,0525 \uf0de a = 0,035 (mol) nH2SO4 = 3a = 0,105mol \uf0de Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2SO4 = 0,105.98 = 10,29 (gam). \uf0de mdd H2SO4 98% = 10,29.100\/ 98 = 10,5 (gam) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 20. H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft 16,2 gam kim lo\u1ea1i X b\u1eb1ng 5 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 0,5M. Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,6 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y g\u1ed3m NO v\u00e0 N2 (\u0111ktc) n\u1eb7ng 7,2 gam. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kim lo\u1ea1i X GI\u1ea2I n HNO3 \uf03d 5.0,5 \uf03d 2,5 (mol); nY \uf03d 5,6 \uf03d 0,25 (mol) 22, 4 G\u1ecdi a, b l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol NO v\u00e0 N2. Ta c\u00f3 \uf0eca \uf02b b \uf03d 0,25 \uf0de \uf0eca \uf03d 0,1 (mol) \uf0ee\uf0ed30a \uf02b 28b \uf03d 7,2 \uf0ed\uf0eeb \uf03d 0,15 (mol) 3X + 4nHNO3 \uf0ae 3X(NO3)n + nNO + 2nH2O (1) 10X + 12nHNO3 \uf0ae 10X(NO3)n + nN2 + 6nH2O (2) Theo (1) v\u00e0 (2): nX \uf03d 3 \uf0d7 0,1 \uf02b 10 \uf0d7 0,15 \uf03d 1,8 (mol) n n n \uf0de MX \uf03d 16,2 : 1,8 \uf03d 9n \uf0de C\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 n = 3; MX = 27 \uf0de X l\u00e0 Al. n --- H\u1ebeT --- CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 408","CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 13 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N V\u1ec0 HI\u0110ROCACBON B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 2 Hi\u0111rocacbon A v\u00e0 B c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng a gam. N\u1ebfu \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n X th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 132a gam CO2 v\u00e0 45a gam H2O. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam v\u00e0o X m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u01b0\u1ee3ng A 41 41 c\u00f3 trong X r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 165a gam CO2 v\u00e0 60,75a gam H2O. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng 41 41 th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B. Bi\u1ebft X kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Br\u00f4m v\u00e0 A, B thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i Hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. GI\u1ea2I Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed a = 41 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y X: nCO2 \uf03d 132 \uf03d 3 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 45 \uf03d 2,5 (mol) 44 18 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y X + 1 A: nCO2 \uf03d 165 \uf03d 3,75 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 60,75 \uf03d 3,375 (mol) 2 44 18 V\u1eady khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 1A ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: nCO2 \uf03d 0,75 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 0,875 (mol) 2 V\u00ec nCO2 \uf03c nH2O \uf0de A l\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon no G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 CnH2n + 2 2CnH2n + 2 + (3n + 1) O2 \uf0ae 2n CO2 + 2(n+1) H2O Ta c\u00f3 nH2O \uf03d 2(n \uf02b 1) \uf03d 0,875 \uf0de n \uf03d 6 nCO2 2n 0,75 V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 C6H14 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y B ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a H2O v\u00e0 CO2 l\u00e0: nCO2 \uf03d 3 \uf02d 0,75\uf0b4 2 \uf03d 1,5 (mol); \uf0de nC \uf03d 1,5 (mol) nH2O \uf03d 2,5 \uf02d 0,875\uf0b4 2 \uf03d 0,75 (mol) \uf0de nH \uf03d 1,5 (mol) \uf0de nC : nH = 1,5 : 1,5 = 1 : 1 V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a B l\u00e0 (CH)n = CnHn V\u00e0 B kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc brom \uf0de B ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 aren \uf0de s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H = 2 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C - 6 Hay n = 2n - 6 \uf0de n = 6 V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B l\u00e0 C6H6 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 2. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m: 0,3 mol CH4; 0,18 mol C2H2 v\u00e0 0,4 mol H2. Nung n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u1edbi x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. Cho Y \u0111i qua b\u00ecnh A \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch Br\u00f4m d\u01b0, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi H2 b\u1eb1ng 8 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh A t\u0103ng 1,64 gam. T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 mol t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z. GI\u1ea2I C2H2 + H2 \uf0ae C2H4 (1) C2H2 + 2H2 \uf0ae C2H6 (2) G\u1ecdi a, b l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a C2H4 v\u00e0 C2H6 \u1edf (1), (2) H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y g\u1ed3m : (0,4 \u2013 a \u2013 2b) mol H2; a mol C2H4; b mol C2H6; (0,18 \u2013 a \u2013 b) mol C2H2 v\u00e0 0,3 mol CH4. Khi cho Y \u0111i qua dung d\u1ecbch Brom d\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2 Br4 C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Z g\u1ed3m H2, C2H6, CH4. Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3 pt: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 409","2(0,4 \u2013 a \u2013 2b) + 30b + 16x0,3\/0,7 \u2013 a \u2013 b = 2 x 8 = 16 (*) 26(0,18 \u2013 a \u2013 b) + 28a = 1,64 (**) T\u1eeb (*) v\u00e0 (**) \uf0ae a = 0,04; b = 0,12 V\u1eady trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z c\u00f3 0,3 mol CH4; 0,12 mol C2H6; 0,12 H2 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 3. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1 (g) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m C2H2, C3H6, C2H6. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o 2 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 0,02 M thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 (g) k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 3,36 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X (\u0111ktc) l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i \u0111a 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch Br2 0,5 M. T\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed c\u00f3 trong 1 (g) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. GI\u1ea2I C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: 2C2H2 + 5O2 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 2H2O (1) 2C3H6 + 9O2 \uf0ae 6CO2 + 6H2O (2) 2C2H6 + 7O2 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 6H2O (3) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O (4) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3: 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 (5) C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 (6) C3H6 + Br2 \uf0ae C3H6Br2 (7) nCa(OH)2 = 0,04 (mol), nCaCO3 = 0,01 (mol) nBr2 = 0,1 (mol), nX \u1edf th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2 = 0,15 (mol) \u0110\u1eb7t n , n , nC2H2 C3H6 C2H6 trong 1 (g) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x, y, z (x, y, z > 0) Ta c\u00f3 pt kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: 26x + 42y + 30z = 1 (a) T\u1eeb (1) nCO2 =2x, t\u1eeb (2): nCO2 =2y, t\u1eeb (3): nCO2 =2z (*) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: TH1: Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \uf0db kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) t\u1eeb (4): nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0,01 (mol) \uf0de nC = 0,01 (mol) \uf0db 0,12 (g). \uf0de mH trong 1 (g) X = 1 \u2013 0,12 = 0,88 (g) > 0,12 (g) (v\u00f4 l\u00ed v\u00ec trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X c\u1ea3 3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 mC > mH) TH2: CO2 d\u01b0 \uf0db ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u1eeb (4): nCO2 = nCa(OH)2 = nCaCO3 = 0,01 (mol) \uf0de nCa(OH)2 \u1edf (5) = 0,04 \u2013 0,01 = 0,03 (mol) T\u1eeb (5): nCO2 = 2 nCa(OH)2 = 2.0,03 = 0,06 \uf0ae t\u1ed5ng nCO2 = 0,06 + 0,01 = 0,07 (mol) (**) T\u1eeb (*) v\u00e0 (**) ta c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh theo CO2: 2x + 3y + 2z = 0,07 (b) T\u1eeb (6): nBr2 = n2 C2H2 = 2x, t\u1eeb (7): nBr2 = n =C3H6 y K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (5) v\u00e0 (6) ta th\u1ea5y: C\u1ee9 x + y +z mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i \u0111a 2x + y mol Br2 V\u1eady 0,15 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,1 mol Br2 \uf0de ta c\u00f3 pt: (x + y + z). 0,1 = (2x + y).0,15 (c) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (a), (b), (c) ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: x = 0,005; y = 0,01; z = 0,015 V\u1eady trong 1 (g) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X c\u00f3 VC2H2 = 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 (l\u00edt); V =C3H6 0,01.22,4 = 0,224 (l\u00edt); VC2H6 = 0,015.22,4 = 0,336 (l\u00edt) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 4. Chia 9,84 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m Etilen v\u00e0 1 hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf A th\u00e0nh hai ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau. D\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n I qua dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00f3 V l\u00edt kh\u00ed A CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 410","tho\u00e1t ra, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng brom \u0111\u00e3 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 8 gam. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n II r\u1ed3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a 500 ml dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 0,66M. Sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 63,04 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Dung d\u1ecbch sau khi l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i m gam so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m v\u1edbi V \u1edf \u0111ktc. GI\u1ea2I Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n = 9,84: 2= 4,92(g); nBr2 = 8:160 = 0,05 ( mol) V\u00ec cho ph\u1ea7n I qua dd Brom v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u00ed bay ra n\u00ean A kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi brom trong dung d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 CxHy ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c pthh C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 (1) C2H4 + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CO2 + 2H2O (2) 4x \uf02b y \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y (3) CxHy + 4 O2 2 H2O CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2H2O (4) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3: 2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae Ba(HCO3)2 (5) nBa(OH)2 = 0,5.0,66 = 0,33 (mol); nBaCO3 = 63,04:197 = 0,32(mol) V\u00ec nBaCO3 < nBa(OH )2 ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p TH 1: Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) T\u1eeb (1): nC2H4 \u1edf m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n = nBr2 = 0,05 (mol ) \uf0db 1,4(g) T\u1eeb (2) nCO2 = 2 nC2H4 = 2.0,05 = 0,1 (mol) T\u1eeb (4) nCO2 = nBaCO3 = 0,32 (mol) nCO2 \u1edf (3) = 0,32-0,1 = 0,22 (mol) \uf0de nC trong CxHy = 0,22 (mol) \uf0db 2,64 (g) m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c mCxHy = 4,92-1,4 = 3,52 (g) \uf0de mHtrong CxHy = 3,52-2,64 = 0,88 (g) \uf0db 0,88 (mol) T\u1eeb CT c\u1ee7a CxHy \uf0de x \uf03d 0, 22 \uf03d 1 v\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 CH4; y 0,88 4 TH2: CO2 d\u01b0 \uf0de c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (5) T\u1eeb (4): nCO2 = nBa(OH )2 = nBaCO3 = 0,32 (mol) \uf0de nBa(OH)2 \u1edf (5) = 0,33-0,32 =0,01 (mol) T\u1eeb (5): nCO2 = 2 nBa(OH )2 = 2.0,01 = 0,02 (mol) \uf0de T\u1ed5ng nCO2 = 0,32 + 0,02 = 0,34 (mol) \uf0de nCO2 \u1edf (3) = 0,34 - 0,1 = 0,24 (mol) \uf0de nC trong CxHy = 0,24 (mol) \uf0db 2,88(g) \uf0de mH trong CxHy = 3,52 - 2,88 = 0,64 (g) \uf0db 0,64 (mol) T\u1eeb CT c\u1ee7a CxHy \uf0de x \uf03d 0,24 \uf03d3 y 0, 64 8 v\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 C3H8; C\u1ea3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p A \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 an kan kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Br2 trong dd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i N\u1ebfu A l\u00e0 CH4 th\u00ec nCH4 = nCO2 = 0,22 (mol) \uf0de V = 4,928 l\u00edt T\u1eeb (2) v\u00e0 (3) nH2O = 0,1 + 0,44 =0,54 mol \uf0de T\u1ed5ng m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y = 0,32.44 + 0,54.18 = 23,8 (g) \uf0de kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m = 63,04 \u2013 23,8 = 39,24 (g) N\u1ebfu A l\u00e0 C3H8 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 411","\uf0de n =C3H8 1 . nCO2 = 1 .0,24 = 0,08 (mol) \uf0de V = 1,792 l\u00edt 3 3 T\u1eeb (2) v\u00e0 (3) n =H2O 0,1 + 0,32 = 0,42 mol \uf0de T\u1ed5ng KL s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y = 0,34.44 + 0,42 .18 = 22,52 (g) \uf0de kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m = 63,04 \u2013 22,52 = 40,52 (g) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 5. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1,344 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 3 hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed r\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 17,73 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau khi l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3m 11,79 gam so v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eabn 672 ml h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X qua dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra n\u1eb7ng 0,24 gam v\u00e0 c\u00f3 3,2 gam brom ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. 1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i hi\u0111rocacbon tr\u00ean, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i hi\u0111rocacbon ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 hai li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n. 2) Vi\u1ebft hai ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed tr\u00ean. GI\u1ea2I 1) nX = 1,344\/22,4 = 0,06 (mol); nBaCO 3 =17,73\/197 = 0,09 (mol) CxHy + (x + y \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y (1) 4 ) O2 2 H2O V\u00ec Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Ba(OH)2 + CO2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O (2) 0,09 mol 0,09 mol V\u00ec s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m 11,79 gam \uf0de mBaCO 3 - (mCO 2 + mH 2 O) = 11,79 (g) \uf0de 17,73 - 44.0,09 - mH 2 O = 11,79 \uf0de mH 2 O = 1,98 (g) \uf0de nH 2 O = 1,98 = 0,11 (mol) 18 \uf0de mX = mC + mH = 12.0,09 + 2.0,11.1 = 1,3 (g) \uf0de M X = 1,3 = 21,667 (g\/mol) 0, 06 \uf0de Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 1 hi\u0111rocacbon l\u00e0 CH4 ( M = 16 < 21,667) V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 \uf0de kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 CH4 Theo \u0111\u1ec1, n\u1ebfu cho 1,344 l\u00edt X qua dung d\u1ecbch brom th\u00ec mCH 4 = 1,344 .0,24 = 0,48 (g) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i 0, 672 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng brom ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 1,344 .3,2 = 6,4 (g) \uf0de nBr 2 (p\u01b0) = 6, 4 = 0,04 (mol) 160 0, 672 V\u00ec nCH 4 = 0, 48 = 0,03 (mol) \uf0de t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a hai hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 = 0,06 - 0,03 = 0,03 (mol) 16 V\u00ec s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n trung b\u00ecnh = 0,04 = 1,33 v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u00ean 0, 03 k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n \uf0a3 2 \uf0de M\u1ed9t trong hai hi\u0111rocacbon l\u00e0 CnH2n ( c\u00f3 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 hi \u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 CmH2m - 2 ( c\u00f3 2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n) CH4 + 2O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CO2 + 2H2O 0,03 mol 0,03 mol 0,06 mol \uf0de S\u1ed1 mol CO2 do 2 hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u00e0 0,09 - 0,03 = 0,06 (mol) V\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh = 0,06 = 2 v\u00e0 n \uf0b3 2; m \uf0b3 2 \uf0de n = m = 2 0, 03 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 412","\uf0de 2 Hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 C2H2 v\u00e0 C2H4 2) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH4: Al4C3 + 12H2O \uf0ae 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 CH3COONa (r) + NaOH (r) \uf0beC\uf0beta0O\uf0ae CH4 + Na2CO3 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H2: CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0db Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 15000 C lamlanhnhanh \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H4: C2H2 + H2 \uf0beP\uf0bet0d \uf0ae C2H4 C3H8 \uf0bec\uf0berack\uf0beinh\uf0ae CH4 + C2H4 Ho\u1eb7c: C2H5OH \uf0be\uf0be\uf03e17\uf0be00 C\uf0be\uf0ae C2H4 + H2O H2SO4dac B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 6. Chia m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A g\u1ed3m 4 hi\u0111rocabon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau: Ph\u1ea7n I t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 100 ml dung d\u1ecbch Br2 0,5M; h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed B tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch Br2 g\u1ed3m 2 hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,6 l\u00edt CO2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 8,1 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n II c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 14,336 l\u00edt kh\u00ed O2 (\u0111ktc) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15,84 gam CO2. a) T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m. b) T\u00ednh t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed H2 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 2 hi\u0111rocacbon trong B, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng hai ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 28 \u0111vC c) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 2 hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Br2, bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 10% v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. GI\u1ea2I a) nBr 2 = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05 (mol); \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft 1 A: nO 2 = 14,336 = 0,64 (mol); nCO 2 = 15,84 = 0,36 (mol) 2 22,4 44 \uf0de nO (H 2 O) = 2.0,64 \u2013 2.0,36 = 0,56 (mol) \uf0de nH 2 O = 0,56 (mol) \uf0de mA = 2.( 12.0,36 + 2.0,56.1) = 10,88 (g) b) \u0110\u1ed1t B: nCO 2 = 5,6 = 0,25 (mol); nH 2 O = 8,1 = 0,45 (mol) 22,4 18 V\u00ec B m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, B kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom v\u00e0 nH 2 O > nCO 2 \uf0de B g\u1ed3m 2 ankan. nB = 0,45 \u2013 0,25 = 0,2 (mol) mB = mC + mH = 12.0,25 + 2.0,45.1 = 3,9 (g) \uf0de MB 3,9 = 19,5 = 0,2 c) V\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 2 ankan = 0,25 = 1,25 \uf0de Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 1 ankan l\u00e0 CH4. 0,2 \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ankan c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 CmH2m+2 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0 a mol v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CH4 l\u00e0 b mol c\u00f3 trong 0,2 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 ankan. \uf0eca \uf02b b \uf03d 0,2 \uf0de m \u2013 1 = 0,05 Ta c\u00f3: \uf0ed\uf0eema \uf02b b \uf03d 0,25 a V\u00ec a > 10%.0,2 = 0,02 \uf0de m\u20131< 0,05 = 2,5 \uf0de m < 3,5 0,02 V\u00ec 1,25 < m < 3,5 v\u00e0 m nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng \uf0de m = 2 ho\u1eb7c m = 3 \uf0de ankan c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 C2H6 ho\u1eb7c C3H8 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 7. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m C3H6, C2H2, C4H10 v\u00e0 H2. \u0110un n\u00f3ng m gam A v\u1edbi Ni, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B. B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,15 mol Br2. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam A v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m 79,65 gam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 5,6 l\u00edt A ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi 4,48 l\u00edt H2. T\u00ednh gi\u00e1 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 413","tr\u1ecb m. Bi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111o \u1edf \u0111ktc. GI\u1ea2I C\u00e1ch 1: Nh\u00f3m \u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i: N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ea9n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 4 \u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \uf0de nh\u00f3m \u1ea9n. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: m gam A qua Ni t\u1ea1o B, B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng 0,15 mol Br2 \uf0de coi nh\u01b0 m gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,15 mol H2. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: 0,25 mol A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,2 mol H2 \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol A \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m gam l\u00e0 0,1875 mol G\u1ecdi a, b, c, d theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol C3H6, C2H2, C4H10 v\u00e0 H2 V\u1eady c\u00f3 a + b + c + d = 0,1875 (I) a + 2b - d= 0,15 (II) \u0110\u1ed1t m gam A: = 44.(3a + 2b + 4c); = 18.(3a + b + 5c + d) kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dd gi\u1ea3m = mBaCO 3 \u2013 ( +) \uf0de 197.(3a + 2b + 4c) - 44.(3a + 2b + 4c) - 18.(3a + b + 5c + d) = 79,65 \uf0de 405a + 288b + 522c - 18d = 79,65 (III) C\u1ea7n t\u00ecm m = 42a + 26b + 58c + 2d (*) Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed: 42a + 26b + 58c + 2d = k.(a + b + c + d) + t.(a + 2b - d) + n.(405a + 288b + 522c - 18d) \uf0de \uf0de k = 58\/73; t = -232\/73; n = 8\/73 Thay v\u00e0o *) \uf0de m = 8,401 C\u00e1c Quy \u0111\u1ed5i Quy \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A th\u00e0nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a: C3H6 (a mol); C2H2 (b mol) + H2 (c mol) Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: m gam A qua Ni t\u1ea1o B, B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng 0,15 mol Br2 \uf0de coi nh\u01b0 m gam A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,15 mol H2. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: 0,25 mol A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 0,2 mol H2 \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol A \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m gam l\u00e0 0,1875 mol \uf0de a + b + c = 0,1875 (I) v\u00e0 a+ 2b - c=0,15 (II) \u0110\u1ed1t A: = 3a + 2b; = 3a + b + c; kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dd gi\u1ea3m = mBaCO 3 \u2013 ( +) \uf0de 197.(3a + 2b) \u2013 44.(3a + 2b) \u2013 18.(3a + b + c) =79.65 (III) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 3 PT tr\u00ean ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: a = 81\/365; b = -207\/5840; c = 3\/2920 \uf0de m = 42a + 26.b + 2c = 8,401 (gam) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 8. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n V l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m a gam hi\u0111rocacbon A v\u00e0 b gam hi\u0111rocacbon B (m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf) ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 35,2 gam CO2 v\u00e0 16,2 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam v\u00e0o V l\u00edt X m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng a gam A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Y ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 48,4 gam CO2 v\u00e0 2 23,4 gam H2O. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B. bi\u1ebft B ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n. GI\u1ea2I \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A l\u00e0 CxHy , c\u1ee7a B l\u00e0 CnHm Khi \u0111\u1ed1t X: nCO2 = 0,8 mol ; nH2O = 0,9 mol Khi \u0111\u1ed1t Y: nCO2 = 1,1 mol ; nH2O = 1,3 mol Khi \u0111\u1ed1t a gam A: nCO2 = 1,1 \uf02d 0,8 = 0,3 mol; nH2O = 1,3 \uf02d 0,9 = 0,4 mol 2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 414","V\u00ec nH2O > nCO2 \uf0deA l\u00e0 ankan (CnH2n + 2 ) \u0110\u1ed1t a gam A \uf0ae nCO2 = 1,1 \u2013 0,8 = 0,3 (mol) , nH2O = 1,3 \u2013 0,9 = 0,4 (mol) 2 \uf0de n\uf03d 0, 3 \uf03d3 \uf0de A l\u00e0 C3H8 0, 4 \uf02d 0, 3 Trong X: \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0efnnCHO2O2 khi \u00ae\u00e8t ch\u00b2y B = 0,8 \uf02d 0,6 = 0,2 mol khi \u00ae\u00e8t ch\u00b2y B = 0,9 \uf02d 0,8= 0,1 mol V\u00ec nCO2 \uf03e nH2O v\u00e0 B m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft k\u00e9m b\u1ec1n \uf0ae B c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng CnH2n-2 ho\u1eb7c CnH2n-4 TH1: B l\u00e0 CnH2n-2: n \uf03d 0, 2 \uf03d 2 \uf0de B l\u00e0: C2H2 0, 2 \uf02d 0,1 TH2: B l\u00e0 CnH2n-4: n\uf03d 0, 2 \uf03d4 \uf0de B l\u00e0 C4H4 (0, 2 \uf02d 0,1). 1 2 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 9. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 1,12 l\u00edt (\u1edf \u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m hai anken ( ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 28 \u0111vC) r\u1ed3i cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y qua dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,1 mol Ca(OH)2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7,5 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh CTPT c\u1ee7a hai anken v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t. GI\u1ea2I C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai anken l\u00e0 CnH2n v\u1edbi n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh. C n H 2n + 3n \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae nCO2 + nH2O (1) 2 O2 S\u1ed1 mol CO2 = 0,05.n > 0,05.2 = 0,1 (mol). V\u1eady khi cho CO2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Ca(OH)2 t\u1ea1o ra 2 mu\u1ed1i. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3\u2193 + H2O (1) 0,1 0,1 0,1 CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Ca(HCO3)2 (2) 0,025 (0,1 \u2013 0,075) S\u1ed1 mol CO2 = 0,05.n = (0,1 + 0,025) \uf0de n = 2,5. V\u1eady hai anken l\u00e0 C2H4 v\u00e0 C4H8. V\u00ec n = 2,5 \uf0de s\u1ed1 mol C2H4 = 0,0375; s\u1ed1 mol C4H8 = 0,0125 (mol). %mC2H4 = 60% ; %mC2H2 = 40% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 10. A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a 46,67% nit\u01a1. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 1,8 gam A c\u1ea7n 1,008 l\u00edt O2 ( \u1edf \u0111ktc ). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y g\u1ed3m N2, CO2, h\u01a1i H2O, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch Vco2 : V H2O = 1 : 2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a A c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. GI\u1ea2I mN ( trong 1,8 g A) = 46,67 .1,8 = 0,84 g \uf0de nN = 0,06 (mol) 100 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y: CxHyOzNt + 4x \uf02b y \uf02d 2z O2 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y\/2 H2O + t\/2 N2 (1) 4 Ta c\u00f3: 1,8 + 1,008 . 32\/ 22,4 = m CO2 + m H2O + 0,84 = 2,4 + 0,84 = 3,24 g V\u00ec n CO2 \/ n H2O = \u00bd \uf0de m CO2 \/ m H2O = 44 : 18,2 m CO2 = 2,4.11( 11+ 9 ) = 1,32 \uf0de mC = 0,36 g \uf0de nC = 0,03 (mol) m H2O = 2,4.9 ( 11 + 9 ) = 1,08 \uf0de mH = 0,12g \uf0de nH = 0,12 (mol) mO = 1,8 \u2013 ( 0,36 +0,12 + 0,84 ) = 0,48 \uf0de nO = 0,03 (mol) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 415","Ta c\u00f3: x : y : z = 1 : 4: 1 : 2 \uf0de CTPT: CH4ON2 \uf0de CTCT: CO(NH2)2 ur\u00ea B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 11. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 20,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m axetilen, etilen v\u00e0 metan r\u1ed3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t cho qua b\u00ecnh 1 \u0111\u1ef1ng 100 gam dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 98% th\u00ec n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H2SO4 c\u00f2n 78,27% v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh 2 \u0111\u1ef1ng 40 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 0,025M. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c 5,04 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean ( \u1edf \u0111ktc) v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u 500 gam dung d\u1ecbch brom 8%. a) T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n % theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. b) T\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ( \u1edf \u0111ktc) c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft 20,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a 20% oxi v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nit\u01a1. c) T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf b\u00ecnh 2. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol C2H2, C2H4 v\u00e0 CH4 trong 20,8 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 x, y, z Ta c\u00f3 : 26x + 28y + 16z = 20,8 (I) 2C2H2 + 5O2 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 2H2O (1) x 2,5x 2x x C2H4 + 3O2 \uf0ae 2CO2 + 2H2O (2) y 3y 2y 2y CH4 + 2O2 \uf0ae CO2 + 2H2O (3) z 2z z 2z Cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y qua b\u00ecnh 1 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. G\u1ecdi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2O l\u00e0 a gam ta c\u00f3: 98 = 78,27 \uf0de a = 25,2 gam 100 \uf02b a 100 nH 2 O = x + 2y + 2z = 25,2 = 1,4 (II) 18 Qua dung d\u1ecbch brom c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh : C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 ( 4) C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 (5) nBr 2 = 500.8 = 0,25 (mol); nhh = 5,04 160.100 = 0,225 (mol) 22,4 Ta c\u00f3: C\u1ee9 ( x + y + z) mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n ( 2x + y) mol Br2 0,225 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n 0,25 mol Br2 \uf0de x\uf02b y\uf02b z 2x \uf02b y \uf0de 0,2x \u2013 0,025y \u2013 0,25z = 0 (III) = 0,225 0,25 Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (I), (II) v\u00e0 (III) ta c\u00f3: x = 0,4 (mol); y = 0,2 (mol); z = 0,3 (mol) %C2H2 = 0,4.26 .100% = 50%; %C2H4 = 0,2.28.100% = 26,92%; %CH4 = 23,08% 20,8 20,8 nCO 2 = 2x + 2y + z = 1,5 (mol) ; nCa(OH) 2 = 40.0,025 = 1 (mol) V\u00ec nCO2 = 1,5 \uf0de t\u1ea1o ra 2 mu\u1ed1i nCa(OH )2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 0,5 mol 0,5 mol nCaCO 3 = 1 \u2013 0,5 = 0,5 (mol); mCaCO 3 = 100.0,5 = 50 (g) nO 2 =2,5x + 3y + 2z = 2,2 (mol); VO 2 = 22,4.2,2 = 49,28 (l\u00edt); Vkk = 49,28.5 = 246,4 (l\u00edt) B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 12. Cho 5,6 l\u00edt(\u0111ktc) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01a1i (X) g\u1ed3m C2H6O, C3H6, C2H2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 100ml dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Br2 2M. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 5,05g h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X r\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o 200ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 416","27,4g mu\u1ed1i, l\u1ea5y 1\/10 dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,97g k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. a) T\u00ednh n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mol c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch NaOH b) T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m (%) kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi x,y,z l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol C2H6O, C3H6 v\u00e0 C2H2 trong 5,05 g h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Ta c\u00f3 : 46x + 42y + 26z = 5,05 (I) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y : C2H6O + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CO2 + 3H2O (1) x 2x 2C3H6 + 9O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 6CO2 + 6H2O (2) y 3y 2C2H2 + 5O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 2H2O (3) z 2z H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH : CO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O (4) 0,1 0,2 0,1 CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 (5) 0,2 0,2 0,2 BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaCl (6) 0,1 0,1 Theo (6): n Na2CO3 \uf03d nBaCO3 = 10 . 1, 97 = 0,1 (mol) \uf0de mNa2CO3 \uf03d 0,1.106 \uf03d 10,6 (g) 197 \uf0de mNaHCO3 \uf03d 27,4 \uf02d10,6 \uf03d16,8 (g) \uf0de nNaHCO3 \uf03d 16,8 \uf03d 0,2 (mol) 84 theo (4), (5): nCO2 = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 (mol); nNaOH = 0,2 + 0,1 . 2 = 0,4 (mol) 0, 4 CM(NaOH) = 0, 2 = 2M Theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (1), (2) v\u00e0 (3): 2x + 3y + 2z = 0,3 (II) Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u1edbi dd Br2 (7) C3H6 + Br2 \uf0ae C3H6Br2 yy C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 (8) z 2z Theo (7)v\u00e0 (8) h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (x + y + z) mol X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi (y + 2z) mol Br2 Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft 0,25 mol X 0,2 mol Br2 \uf0de 0,2 (x + y + z) = 0,25 (y+2z) \uf0de 0,2x \u2013 0,05y \u2013 0,3z = 0 (III) Gi\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 (I), (II) v\u00e0 (III) : \uf028 \uf029\uf0ec\uf0efx \uf03d 0, 05\uf0de mC2H6O \uf03d 0, 05 . 46 \uf03d 2,3 g \uf0de %m C2H6O \uf03d 2,3 .100%= 45, 54% 5, 05 \uf0ef \uf028 \uf029\uf0ed\uf0efy \uf03d 2,1 .100% \uf03d \uf03d \uf03d 2,1 g ; %m C3H6 5, 05 41, 58% \uf0ef 0, 05\uf0de mC3H6 \uf03d 0, 05 . 42 \uf0efz \uf03d 0, 025\uf0de %m C2H2 \uf03d 100% \uf02d 45, 54% \uf02d 41, 58% \uf03d 12, 88 % \uf0ef\uf0ee B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 13. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n hidrocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf. Khi cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A t\u00e1c CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 417","d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 175 ml dung d\u1ecbch Br2 0,200 M th\u00ec v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m hai hidrocacbon c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,136 l\u00edt kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 4,572 g n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,928 l\u00edt kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 6,012 g n\u01b0\u1edbc. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom th\u00ec hidrocacbon c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mol nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 90% v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 mol. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. GI\u1ea2I n Br2 \uf03d 0,175.0,2 \uf03d 0,035 (mol); \u00f1o\u00e1t B : nCO2 \uf03d 3,136 \uf03d 0,14 (mol); n H2O \uf03d 4,572 \uf03d 0,254 (mol) 22, 4 18 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A: nCO2 \uf03d 4,928 \uf03d 0,22 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 6, 012 \uf03d 0,334 (mol) 22, 4 18 Do B kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd brom v\u00e0 SP khi \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f3 nH2O \uf03e nCO2 n\u00ean c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon trong B l\u00e0 ankan. \u0110\u1eb7t CTTQ c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ankan l\u00e0 C H \uf0de n \uf03d 0,14 \uf03d\uf03e n \uf0bb 1, 2 n 2n\uf02b2 n \uf02b1 0, 254 V\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng.t\u1eed C trong 2 ankan h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C \uf0de c\u00e1c ankan trong B l\u00e0: CH4 v\u00e0 C2H6 CTCT: CH4, CH3-CH3 Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m gam h\u1ed7n h\u01a1p A th\u00ec mol c\u00e1c SP l\u00e0: nH2O \uf03d 0, 08 (mol); nCO2 \uf03d 0, 08 (mol) V\u00ec nH2O \uf03d nCO2 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 anken. \u0110\u1eb7t CTTQ l\u00e0 CH m 2m CH + Br2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae C H m Br2 m 2m m 2 nanken = n Br2 = 0,035 mol \uf0de m \uf03d nCO2 \uf03d 0, 08 \uf0bb 2,3 \uf0de trong 2 anken ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 C2H4. nh.h.a.ken 0, 035 \u0110\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 mol C2H4 trong 1 mol hh anken l\u00e0 a, CT c\u1ee7a anken c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 CmH2m, s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a l\u00e0 (1-a). Ta c\u00f3 m \uf03d 16 \uf03d 2a \uf02b m(1\uf02d a) \uf03d\uf03e a \uf03d 16 \uf02d 7m . V\u00ec a > 0,9 \uf0de m < 4,86 \uf0de m c\u00f3 2 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 7 7(2 \uf02d m) h\u1ee3p: m = 3 \uf0de C3H6, CTCT CH2=CH-CH3. m = 4 \uf0de C4H8, c\u00e1c CTCT CH2=CH-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH=CH-CH3; CH2=C(CH3)2 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 14. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 3 hidrocacbon A, B, C m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng). Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng nhau. Tr\u1ed9n m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u1edbi 2,688 l\u00edt O2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,136 l\u00edt h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y (c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111o \u1edf \u0111ktc). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y, r\u1ed3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y s\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 0,02M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,0 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 0,188 gam. \u0110un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i thu th\u00eam 0,2 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a n\u1eefa (Cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). 1) T\u00ednh m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. 2) T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a 3 hidrocacbon. 3) T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n % th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i hi\u0111rocacbon trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. GI\u1ea2I 1. nO2 = 2, 688 = 0,12 (mol), n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y = 3,136 = 0,14 (mol) 22, 4 22, 4 n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X = 0,14 \u2013 0,12 = 0,02 (mol) \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a A, B, C l\u00e0: CH xy CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 418","P\u01afHH: C H y + (x+ y \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae x CO2 + y H2O (1) x 4 )O2 2 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y Y g\u1ed3m CO2, H2O, O2 (c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0), s\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2, c\u00f3 P\u01afHH CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3\uf0af + H2O 2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 (2) (3) Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae CaCO3\uf0af + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad (4) T\u1eeb (2) n n\uf0ae CO2 = CaCO3 (2) = 2, 0 = 0,02 (mol) 100 t\u1eeb (3), (4) \uf0ae nCO2 = n2 CaCO3 (3) = 2. 0, 2 = 0,004 (mol) 100 V\u1eady: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol CO2 \u1edf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra: 0,02 + 0,004 = 0,024 (mol) mdd gi\u1ea3m = mCaCO3 (2) - ( mCO2 + mH2O ) = 0,188 (g) \uf0ae mH2O = 2,0 - 0,024. 44 \u2013 0,188 = 0,756 (g) nH2O = 0, 756 = 0,042 (mol) 18 Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt BTKL: mX = mC + mH = 0,024.12 + 0,042. 2 = 0,372 (gam) nCa(OH)2 = nCa(OH)2 (2) + nCa(OH)2 (3) = 0,02 + 0,002 = 0,022 (mol) \uf0de V = 0, 022 = 1,1 (l\u00edt) 0, 02 2. n =CnH2n\uf02b2 nH2O - nCO2 = 0,042 \u2013 0,024 = 0,018 (mol) T\u1eeb \uf0denCO2 ; nX x= 0, 024 = 1,2 \uf0de trong X c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 CH4 0, 02 V\u1eady 3 hidrocacbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 CTTQ thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i CnH2n + 2, CmH2m (V\u00ec 3 hidrocacbon c\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i) Chia X th\u00e0nh 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: X c\u00f3 3 hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 CTTQ CnH2n + 2 nX = nH2O - nCO2 = 0,018 < 0,02 \uf0de lo\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: X g\u1ed3m CH4, m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 CTTQ CnH2n + 2 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 CTTQ CmH2m (n,m \uf0a3 4; m \uf0b3 2) \u0110\u1eb7t nCH4 = x (mol), nCnH2n\uf02b2 = y mol, nCmH2m = z mol Ta c\u00f3: x + y = 0,018 mol z = 0,02 \u2013 0,018 = 0,002 mol a) N\u1ebfu: x = y = 0, 018 = 0,009 2 nC = 0,009 .1+ 0,009 . n + 0,002. m = 0,024 \uf0de 9n + 2m = 15 m2 34 n 11 1 7 9 9 (lo\u1ea1i) b) N\u1ebfu: y = z \uf0de x = 0,018 \u2013 0,002 = 0,016 \uf0de nC = 0,016 . 1 + 0,002n + 0,002m = 0,024 \uf0de n + m = 4 m2 34 n 2 10 Ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p nghi\u1ec7m: C2H6, C2H4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 419","nC = 0,002 . 1 + 0,016n + 0,002m = 0,024 \uf0ae 8n + m = 11 m2 34 n9 17 8 8 (lo\u1ea1i) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 3: X g\u1ed3m CH4, m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 CTTQ CnH2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 CTTQ CmH2m (2 \uf0a3 n,m \uf0a3 4) \u0110\u1eb7t nCH4 = x (mol), nCnH2n = y mol, n =CmH2m z mol nH2O - nCO2 = 0,018 \uf0de y + z = 0,02 \u2013 0,018 = 0,002 mol v\u00ec x ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c y v\u00e0 z \uf0de y = z = 0,001 nC = 0,018 . 1 + 0,001n + 0,001m = 0,024 n+m=6 m 23 4 n 43 2 Ch\u1ecdn: C2H4, C4H8 3.a) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: CH4, C2H6, C2H4 %CH4 = 0,016 %C2H6= %C2H4 = 10% . 100% = 80% , 0,02 b) Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: CH4, C2H4, C4H8 0,018 %CH4 = 0,02 . 100% = 90% , %C2H4= %C4H8 = 5% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 15. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m 3 hi\u0111rocabon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X, Y, Z th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng) v\u00e0 MX < MY < MZ. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 3,136 l\u00edt A (\u0111ktc) r\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 41,37 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m 27,27 gam. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 hai hi\u0111rocabon ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 14 \u0111vC v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a X g\u1ea5p 2,5 l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Y v\u00e0 Z. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a X, Y, Z. b) T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n % kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong A. GI\u1ea2I a) \u0110\u1ed1t A: CxHy + ( x + y ) O2 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y H2O 42 nA = 3,136 41,37 = 0,21 (mol) 22,4 = 0,14 (mol); nBaCO 3 = 197 V\u00ec Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: Ba(OH)2 + CO2 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + H2O 0,21 mol 0,21 mol mdd gi\u1ea3m = mBaCO 3 - ( mCO 2 + mH 2 O) = 27,27 \uf0db 41,37 \u2013 44.0,21 - mH 2 O) = 27,27 \uf0de mH 2 O = 4,86 g \uf0de nH 2 O = 4,86 = 0,27 (mol) 18 V\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh = 0,21 = 1,5 \uf0de ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 1 hi\u0111rocabon l\u00e0 CH4 ( X) 0,14 G\u1ecdi x l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Y v\u00e0 Z th\u00ec theo \u0111\u1ec1: nCH 4 = 2,5x \uf0de nA = x + 2,5x = 3,5x = 0,14 \uf0de x = 0,04 v\u00e0 nCH 4 = 2,5.0,04 = 0,1 (mol) CH4 + 2O2 \uf0ae CO2 + 2H2O (2) 0,1 mol 0,1 mol 0,2 mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 420","\uf0de \u0110\u1ed1t Y v\u00e0 Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: nH 2 O = 0,27 \u2013 0,2 = 0,07 (mol) v\u00e0 nCO 2 = 0,21 \u2013 0,1 = 0,11 (mol) V\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y, Z = 0,11 = 2,75 v\u00e0 16 < MY < MZ \uf0de Y ph\u1ea3i 0,04 ch\u1ee9a 2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cabon. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, do trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A c\u00f3 2 hi\u0111rocabon, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 14 \u0111vC ( 1 nh\u00f3m CH2 ) \uf0de Ta ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: Y v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 2 hi\u0111rocabon h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau 1 nh\u00f3m CH2. V\u00ec nCO 2 - nH 2 O = 0,11 \u2013 0,07 = 0,04 (mol) = nZ + nY \uf0de Z v\u00e0 Y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: C n H2 n - 2. V\u00ec n = 2,75 suy ra Y l\u00e0 C2H2: HC \uf0baCH v\u00e0 Z l\u00e0 C3H4 : HC\uf0baC-CH3 ho\u1eb7c CH2=C=CH2 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2 : Y l\u00e0 C2H6 ( hi\u0111rocabon k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a CH4) V\u00ec s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y, Z = 2.0,07 = 3,5 v\u00e0 Y c\u00f3 6 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \uf0de Z 0,04 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H b\u1eb1ng 2 ( CnH2). G\u1ecdi a v\u00e0 b l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a C2H6 v\u00e0 CnH2 \uf0de a + b = 0,04 (mol) (I); nH 2 O = 3a + b = 0,07 (mol) (II); nCO 2 = 2a + nb = 0,11 (III) T\u1eeb (I), (II) v\u00e0 (III) \uf0de n = 3,2 (lo\u1ea1i) b) G\u1ecdi c, d l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a C2H2 v\u00e0 C3H4 2C2H2 + 5O2 \uf0ae 4CO2 + 2H2O (3) c mol 2c mol c mol C3H4 + 4O2 \uf0ae 3CO2 + 2H2O (4) d mol 3d mol 2d mol Ta c\u00f3: 2c + 3d = 0,11 v\u00e0 c + 2d = 0,07 suy ra: c = 0,01 mol v\u00e0 d = 0,03 mol mA = 16.0,1 + 26.0,01 + 40.0,03 = 3,06 (g) %mCH 4 = 16.0,1.100% = 52,288% ; %mC 2 H 2 = 26.0,01.100% = 8,497% 3,06 3,06 %mC 3 H 4 = 100% - ( 52,288% + 8,497%) = 39,215% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 16. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u0111rocabon k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng 252 \u0111vC. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon tr\u00ean. Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi M1, M2 ..., Mn l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocabon li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. Theo \u0111\u1ec1, ta c\u00f3: M2 = M1 + 14 \uf0de Mn = M1 + 14.(n-1) V\u00ec Mn = 2.M1 \uf0de M1 + 14.(n-1) = 2.M1 \uf0de M1 = 14.(n-1) S = M1 + M2 + ... + Mn = 252 \uf0de M1 \uf02b M n .n = 252 2 \uf0de 3M1 .n = 252 \uf0de 3.14(n \uf02d1) .n = 252 22 \uf0de 21n2 -21n - 252 = 0 \uf0de n= 4 (nh\u1eadn) v\u00e0 n = -3 (lo\u1ea1i) \uf0de M1 = 14.(4 \u2013 1) = 42. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocabon c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 CxHy ( x, y nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng) Ta c\u00f3: 12x + y = 42; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: y \uf0a3 2x + 2 v\u00e0 y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eb5n \uf0de c\u1eb7p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 x = 3; y = 6 \uf0de V\u1eady c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocabon c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0: C3H6; C4H8; C5H10; C6H12 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 17. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m hai hidrocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf A, B (bi\u1ebft A thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t trong ba d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan, anken ho\u1eb7c ankin). B ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0 theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1: 1. Cho 6,72 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0o X r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qua \u1ed1ng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ef1ng Ni nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 421","h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y g\u1ed3m hai kh\u00ed. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y Y r\u1ed3i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0, k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 39,4 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3m 23,04 gam. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B (bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). b) T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B trong X. GI\u1ea2I a. PTHH: CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O \u0110LBT C: nC (X) = nC (Y) = nCO 2 = nBaCO 3 = 39, 4 0, 2 (mol) 197 \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0110LBT kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: mm CO 2 + H2O = mBaCO 3 - m dd gi\u1ea3m mH2O = mBaCO 3 - m dd gi\u1ea3m - m CO 2 = 39,4 \u2013 23,04 \u2013 0,2.44 = 7,56 (gam) nH2O (Y) 7,56 0, 42 (mol) 18 nnH (Y) = 2 H2O(Y) 2.0,42 = 0,84 (mol) Trong Y c\u00f3: nH 0,84 4, 2 4 nC 0, 2 Trong Y c\u00f3 H2 d\u01b0, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Y c\u00f3 hai kh\u00ed n\u00ean A v\u00e0 B c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng nhau. B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C, H ta c\u00f3: nC(trongX) nCO2 0, 2 (mol) nH(trongX) 2nH2O 2nH2 0, 24 (mol) Do trong X c\u00f3: nH 0, 24 1, 2 n\u00ean h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 1 anken v\u00e0 1 ankin c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C nC 0, 2 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng nhau: G\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: CnH2n-2 v\u00e0 CnH2n Ta c\u00f3: 2n 2 1, 2 2n n 2,5 n 2 nn V\u1eady CTHH c\u1ee7a A v\u00e0 B l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0: C2H2 v\u00e0 C2H4 b) nC2H2 nCO2 nH2O 0, 08 (mol) nC2H4 0,1 0, 08 0, 02 (mol) % VC2H2 0, 08 .100% 80% 0,1 %VC2H4 100% 80% 20% B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 18. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed A g\u1ed3m C2H2 v\u00e0 H2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 3,48 gam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch 6,72 l\u00edt \u1edf \u0111ktc. D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A qua \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1ng Ni nung n\u00f3ng, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed B. Cho B qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch Brom d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra X. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n X r\u1ed3i cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean 8,88 gam. 1) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u00ed trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A (\u1edf \u0111ktc) 2) T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch Brom. GI\u1ea2I G\u1ecdi x,y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a C2H2 v\u00e0 H2 c\u00f3 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A, theo \u0111\u1ec1 ra ta c\u00f3: 26x + 2y = 3,48 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 422","x + y = 6,72\/22,4 = 0,3 \uf0de x = 0,12 v\u00e0 y = 0,18 V\u1eady: V C2H2 = 0,12 . 22,4 = 2,688 (l\u00edt); V H2 = 0,18 . 22,4 =4,032 (l\u00edt) C\u00e1c PTHH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea9y ra: C2H2 + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0be,Ni\uf0aeC2H4 C2H2 +2 H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0be,Ni\uf0ae C2H6 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed B c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a: C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 d\u01b0, H2 d\u01b0: C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 C2H2 + 2Br2 \uf0ae C2H2Br4 H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m: C2H6 v\u00e0 H2 d\u01b0, \u0111em \u0111\u1ed1t: 2 C2H6 + 7O2 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae 4 CO2 + 6 H2O 2H2 + O2 \uf0be\uf0bet0 \uf0ae 2H2O S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed1t X cho v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a dd Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra CaCO3 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O (1) V\u1eady kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2O v\u00e0 CO2 K\/lg b\u00ecnh Br2 = k\/lg C2H2 v\u00e0 C2H4 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i = mA \u2013 ( m H2 d\u01b0 + m C2H6 ) Theo(1): n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 12\/100 = 0,12 \uf0de mC = 0,12.12 = 1,44 g n H2O = ( 8,88 \u2013 0,12.44):18 = 0,2 \uf0de mH = 2.0,2 = 0,4 g \uf0de ( m H2 d\u01b0 + m C2H6 ) = 1,44 + 0,4 = 1,84 = mX V\u1eady kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh brom t\u0103ng = 3,48 \u2013 1,84 = 1,64 gam B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 19. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m 3 hidrocacbon c\u00f9ng d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 2 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau: - \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n 1, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,584 l\u00edt kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 1,8 gam H2O. - Ph\u1ea7n 2 cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3 th\u00ec d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft 0,09 mol AgNO3 v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11,21 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Bi\u1ebft hidrocacbon c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfm 2\/3 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, hidrocacbon thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 3 hidrocacbon trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. GI\u1ea2I nCO2 \uf03d 0,16 mol; nH2O \uf03d 0,1 mol V\u00ec 3 hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f9ng d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng (thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi AgNO3\/NH3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y t\u1ea1o ra nCO2 \uf03e nH2O \uf0de 3 hi\u0111rocacbon l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ankin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ankin ch\u1ee9a li\u00ean k\u1ebft ba \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ch. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 Ankin: nAnkin = nCO2 \uf02d nH2O \uf03d 0, 06 mol \uf0de S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed C trung b\u00ecnh = 0,16 \uf03d 2, 67 \uf0deA ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9a C2H2 \uf0de n C2H2 \uf03d 2 .0, 06 \uf03d 0, 04 (mol) 0, 06 3 v\u00e0 2 ankin c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol = 0,06 \u2013 0,04 = 0,02 mol - X\u00e9t ph\u1ea7n 2 : nAgNO3 = 0,09 mol CH \uf0ba CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae AgC \uf0ba CAg + 2NH4NO3 0,04 0,08 0,04 \uf0de mk\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 = 11,21 \u2013 0,04.240 = 1,61 (g); V\u00ec s\u1ed1 mol AgNO3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ankin c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i = 0,09 \u2013 0,08 = 0,01 mol < s\u1ed1 mol 2 ankin = 0,02 mol \uf0de Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 ankin tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi AgNO3\/NH3. R C \uf0ba CH + AgNO3 + NH3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae R- C \uf0ba CAg + NH4NO3 0,01 mol 0,01 mol 0,01 mol CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 423","\uf0deR + 12.2 + 108 = 1,61 \uf03d 161 \uf0de R=29 (C2H5) \uf0de ankin \u2013 1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0: CH3-CH2- C \uf0ba CH 0, 01 (0,01 mol) \uf0de Ankin c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (CxH2x-2) c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol l\u00e0 0,02 \u2013 0,01 = 0,01 (mol). B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 C ta c\u00f3: n \uf03d 2.n \uf02b 4.n \uf02b x.n \uf03d 2.0, 04 \uf02b 4.0, 01\uf02b x.0, 01 \uf03d 0,16 \uf0de x \uf03d4( C4H6) CO2 C2 H2 C4 H6 Cx H2 x\uf02d2 Ankin c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0: CH3 \uf02d C \uf0ba C \uf02d CH3 B\u00e0i t\u1eadp 20. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X (\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng) g\u1ed3m 5 hi\u0111rocacbon, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh. S\u1ee5c a mol X v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch brom d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 12 gam brom ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Y g\u1ed3m 3 ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7,84 l\u00edt CO2 (\u0111ktc) v\u00e0 9,45 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a mol X r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 108,35 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3m 71,1 gam so v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f3 trong Y. b) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a 2 hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch brom (bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a 2 hi\u0111rocacbon \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng 1: 2). GI\u1ea2I 1) n Br2 \uf03d 12 \uf03d 0, 075 (mol) 160 \u0110\u1ed1t Y: nCO2 \uf03d 7,84 \uf03d 0,35 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 9, 45 \uf03d 0, 525 (mol) 22, 4 18 V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1t Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nCO2 \uf03c nH2O \uf0de Y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankan (C H ) n 2n\uf02b2 \uf0de n \uf03d 0,35 \uf03d 2 \uf0de Trong Y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CH4. 0,525 \uf02d 0,35 V\u00ec c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed \uf0de h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y g\u1ed3m CH4 v\u1edbi (C2H6 v\u00e0 C3H8) ho\u1eb7c (C2H6 v\u00e0 C4H10) ho\u1eb7c (C3H8 v\u00e0 C4H10) \u0110\u1ed1t X : CxHy + (x \uf02b y ) O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae xCO2 + y H2O (1) 4 2 n BaCO3 \uf03d 108,35 \uf03d 0, 55 (mol) 197 V\u00ec Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: (2) CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O 0,55 0,55 (mol) mH2O \uf02b mCO2 \uf03d mBaCO3 \uf02d mgia\u00fbm \uf03d 108,35 \uf02d 71,1 \uf03d 37,25 (g) \uf0de m H2O \uf03d 37,25 \uf02d 44.0,55 \uf03d 13,05 (g) \uf0de n H2O \uf03d 13, 05 \uf03d 0, 725 (mol) 18 \uf0de \u0110\u1ed1t 2 hi\u0111rocacbon ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Br2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: nCO2 \uf03d 0,55 \uf02d 0,35 \uf03d 0,2 (mol); nH2O \uf03d 0,725 \uf02d 0,525 \uf03d 0,2 (mol) V\u00ec nCO2 \uf03d nH2O \uf0de 2 hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ea1ng (C H ) m 2m \uf0de n ho\u00e3n h\u00f4\u00efp anken \uf03d nBr2 \uf03d 0, 075 (mol) \uf0de n \uf03d 0, 2 \uf03d 2, 667 0, 075 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 424","\uf0de h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p anken c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a C2H4 ( CH2=CH2). G\u1ecdi anken c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 CTPT l\u00e0 CmH2m (m = 3 ho\u1eb7c m = 4) V\u00ec t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol c\u1ee7a 2 hi\u0111rocacbon = 1:2 \uf0de ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Ne\u00e1u nC2H4 \uf03d 2.nCmH2m \uf0de nC2H4 \uf03d 2 .0,075 \uf03d 0,05 (mol) 3 \uf0de nCmH2m \uf03d 0, 075 \uf02d 0, 05 \uf03d 0, 025 (mol) \uf0de nCO2 \uf03d 0, 05.2 \uf02b 0, 025.m \uf03d 0,2 \uf0de m \uf03d 4 (C4H8) CTCT: CH2=CH-CH2-CH3; CH3-CH=CH-CH3. Ne\u00e1u n Cm H2 m \uf03d 2nC2H4 \uf0de nC2H4 \uf03d 1 .0,075 \uf03d 0,025 (mol) 3 \uf0de nCmH2m \uf03d 0, 075 \uf02d 0, 025 \uf03d 0, 05 (mol) \uf0de nCO2 \uf03d 0, 025.2 \uf02b 0, 05.m \uf03d 0,2 \uf0de m \uf03d 3 (C3H6 ) V\u1eady hi\u0111rocacbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 CH2=CH-CH3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 14: GI\u1ea2I NHANH B\u00c0I T\u1eacP H\u1eeeU C\u01a0 ESTE \u2013 CH\u1ea4T B\u00c9O \u2013 AXIT CACBOXYLIC \u2013 ANCOL B\u1eb0NG PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P QUY \u0110\u1ed4I I. H\u01a2\u01a0NG H\u00c1 GI\u1ea2I Quy \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i nhanh b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng cao ph\u1ea7n este, axit, ancol th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p quy \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng quy \u0111\u1ed5i: 1. Quy \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t \u00e0 c \u1ea5t \u0111 u d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3 g \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m CH2 - Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u01a1n k\u00e9m nhau m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m CH2 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. - Nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i R - nh\u00e3m ch\u00f8c \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ecCh\u00cat \u00ae\u00c7u d\u00b1y \u00ae\u00e5ng \u00ae\u00bcng (ch\u00cat \u00ae\u00acn gi\u00b0n nh\u00cat) \uf0ed \uf0eeCH2 Ch\u00fa \u00fd: s\u1ed1 mol nh\u00f3m CH2 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. V\u00dd d\u00f4 1: CH3 - CH2 - OH \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0edCCHH32 - OH \uf0ec \uf0ef\uf0efCH3 - COOH V\u00dd d\u00f4 2 : \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0edCHH-3CH-2C- CHOO2H- COOH \uf0ef\uf0ef H-CH2 -CH2 - COOH \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ecH - COOH \uf0ed\uf0eeCH2 \uf0efCH3 - CH2 - CH2 - COOH \uf0ee\uf0ef H-CH2 -CH2 CH2 - COOH V\u00dd d\u00f4 3 : H - COO - CH2 - CH3 \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ecH - COO - CH3 \uf0ed\uf0eeCH2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 425","V\u00dd d\u00f4 4 : (C17H35COO)3C3H5 \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0ed(CHHC2OO)3C3H5 - H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t no khi t\u00e1ch hi\u0111ro th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng no -CH2 - CH2 - \uf0bet\uf0be\u00b2ch H\uf0be2 \uf0ae- CH = CH - + H2 2CH2 \uf0de - CH = CH - \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae 2CH2 - H2 \uf0db \uf0ec\uf0edCH2 s\u00e8 mol H2 < 0) \uf0eeH2 (v\u00edi Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng no ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh: h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (no), CH2 v\u00e0 H2. C17H35COOCH2 V\u00dd d\u00f4 5 : C15H31COOCH \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0ef(CHHC2OO)3 C3H5 \uf0ef\uf0eeH2 C17H31COOCH2 . Quy \u0111\u1ed5i este \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi este \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng este h\u00f3a Axit cacboxylic + Ancol \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0be0,\uf0be\uf0beH2\uf0beS\uf0beO\uf0be4\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Este + N\u01b0\u1edbc Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy \u0111\u1ed5i este \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh axit cacboxylic, ancol v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol n\u01b0\u1edbc < 0) Este \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Axit cacboxylic + Ancol - N\u01b0\u1edbc V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: RCOOH + R\u2019OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2\uf0beS\uf0beO\uf0be4\uf0be, t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae RCOOR\u2019 + H2O \uf0de RCOOR\u2019 \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae RCOOH + R\u2019OH - H2O a (mol) a (mol) a (mol) - a (mol) V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: R(COOH)n + nR\u2019OH \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2\uf0beS\uf0beO\uf0be4\uf0be, t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae R(COOR\u2019)n + nH2O \uf0de R(COOR\u2019)n \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae R(COOH)n + nR\u2019OH - nH2O a (mol) a (mol) na (mol) - na (mol) V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3: mRCOOH + R\u2019(OH)m \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beH\uf0be2\uf0beS\uf0beO\uf0be4\uf0be, t\uf0be0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae (RCOO)mR\u2019 + mH2O \uf0de (RCOO)mR\u2019 \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae mRCOOH + R\u2019(OH)m - mH2O a (mol) ma (mol) a (mol) - ma (mol) 3. Quy \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (triglixerit) M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit b\u00e9o hay g\u1eb7p Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o (triglixerit) l\u00e0 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o Axit stearic C17H35COOH (axit no). trieste c\u1ee7a glixerol v\u1edbi Axit panmitic C15H31COOH (axit (C17H35COO)3C3H5: no). axit b\u00e9o. tristearin Axit oleic C17H33COOH (kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C). R1COO \uf02d C H2 (C17H33COO)3C3H5 : Axit linoleic C17H31COOH (kh\u00f4ng triolein no c\u00f3 2 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C); | Axit linolenic C17H29COOH (kh\u00f4ng (C15H31COO)3C3H5 : no c\u00f3 3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C) R2COO \uf02d C H tripanmitin. | R3COO \uf02d CH2 CxHyO6 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 426","M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u01a3\u1edbng quy \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \uf0ec \uf0ecHCOONa : 3a (mol) \uf0ef\uf0ef(HCOO)3 C3H5: a (mol) \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNaO\uf0beH \uf0ae C3H5(OH)3 + Mu\u00e8i \uf0ed\uf0efCH2 : b (mol) \uf0ef a (mol) \uf0ee\uf0efH2 : c (mol) \uf0beQ\uf0beu\uf0bey \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0be1\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0efCH2 : b (mol) \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0efH2: c (mol) \uf0ef\uf0ecCh\u00cat b\u00d0o no : nH2 \uf03d 0 \uf03c 0; nH2 = -nBr2 \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0edCh\u00cat b\u00d0o kh\u00abng no : nH2 \uf0ef\uf0ee \uf0beQ\uf0beu\uf0bey \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i \uf0be2\uf0ae \uf0ecaxit b\u00d0o : R1 - COOH; R2 - COOH; R3 - COOH \uf0ed \uf0eeC3H2 N\u00d5u h\u00e7n h\u00eep \u00ae\u00c7u ch\u00f8a c\u00b6 ch\u00cat b\u00d0o v\u00b5 axit b\u00d0o ta n\u00aan s\u00f6 d\u00f4ng c\u00b8ch quy \u00ae\u00e6i 2 n\u00b5y \uf0ecC3H5(OH)3 : a (mol) \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0efCHHCO2 :OH \uf0ecaxit b\u00d0o : 3a (mol) \uf0ed\uf0efC 3H 5 (OH)3 b (mol) \uf0beQ\uf0beu\uf0bey \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0be3\uf0ae \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i ti\uf0be\u00d5p\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0eeH2O \uf0ef\uf0efH2 : c (mol) \uf0ee\uf0efH2O : - 3a (mol) II. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 B\u00c0I T\u1eacP V\u1eacN D\u1ee4NG C\u00e2u 1. Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n triglixerit X trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol, natri stearat v\u00e0 natri linoleat (C17H31COONa). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam X c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 1,61 mol O2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H2O v\u00e0 1,14 mol CO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u0111a a mol Br2 trong dung d\u1ecbch. T\u00ednh m, a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n triglixerit X trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol, natri stearat v\u00e0 natri linoleat (C17H31COONa) n\u00ean X ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit stearat v\u00e0 linoleat. C\u00e1ch 1: triglixerit X \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec(CHHC2O:1O7)\uf0d733C=3H551:xx((mmool)l) \uf0be+\uf0be1,61\uf0bemo\uf0bel O2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0ed1(5,154x-ma)oml CoOl H2 2O (BT H) \uf0ef\uf0eeH2 : - a (mol) m gam \uf0de \uf0ecBT C : 6x + 51x = 1,14 + (55x - a) \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0, 02 \uf0ee\uf0edBT O : 6x + 2.1, 61 = 2.1,14 \uf0ed\uf0eea = 0, 04 \uf0de m = 176.0,02+14.51.0,02-2.0,04=17,72 (gam) C\u00e1ch 2: \uf0ec \uf0ef\uf0efC17H35COOH : x (mol) triglixerit X \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0edC17H31COOH : y (mol) \uf0be+\uf0be1,61\uf0bemo\uf0bel O2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0ec1z,1m4oml Hol2OCO(B2 T H) m gam \uf0ef x + y \uf0efC 3 \uf0ee 3H2 : (mol) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 427","\uf0de \uf0ec\uf0efBT C :18x +18y + 3. x + y =1,14 z \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0,04 \uf0de n Br2 ph\u00b0n \u00f8ng = 2.nC17H31COOH = 0,04 (mol) \uf0ef 3 \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0,02 \uf0edBT \uf0ee\uf0efz =1,06 \uf0ef O : 2x + 2y + 2.1,61= 2.1,14 + \uf0efBT H : 36x + 32y + 2. x + y = 2.z \uf0ee3 \uf0de m = 284.0,04 + 280.0,02 + 38.0,02 = 17,72 (gam) C\u00e1ch 3: \uf0ecC17H35COOH : x (mol) \uf0ef\uf0efC17H31COOH : y (mol) \uf0ef \uf0be+\uf0be1,61\uf0bemo\uf0bel O2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ed1z,1m4oml Hol2OCO(B2 T H) triglixerit X \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0edC 3H (OH)3 : x + y (mol) \uf0ef 3 m gam 5 \uf0ef : - 3. x + y \uf03d \uf02d(x + y) (mol) \uf0ef\uf0eeH2O 3 \uf0ec\uf0efBT C :18x +18y + 3. x + y = 1,14 \uf0ef 3 \uf0ecx = 0,04 \uf0ed\uf0efBT 2x + 2y + 3. x + y - (x \uf0ef\uf0edy \uf0de \uf0ef O : 3 + y) + 2.1,61 = 2.1,14 + z \uf0de \uf0ee\uf0efz = 0,02 \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0eeBT H : 2.(x + y) = 2.z = 1,06 36x + 32y + 8. x + y - 3 \uf0de nBr2 ph\u00b0n \u00f8ng = 2.nC17H31COOH = 0, 04 (mol) \uf0de m = 284.0,04 + 280.0,02 + 92.0,02 -18.0,06 = 17,72 (gam) C\u00e1ch 4: \uf0ec \uf0be+\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0ae C 3H5 (OH)3 + C17H35COONa + C17H 31COONa \uf0ef \uf0deX: C57HyO6 \uf0ef \uf0ef triglixerit X \uf0ed(X : C57HyO6 ) +1,61 mol O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae1,14 mol CO2 + H2O m gam \uf0ef\uf0efBTC \uf0de nX = 0,02; BTO \uf0de nH2O = 1,06. BTKL \uf0de m = 17,72 (gam) \uf0ee\uf0ef(k -1).0,02 = 1,14 -1,06 \uf0de k = 5 \uf0de nBr2 = a = (5- 3).0,02 = 0,04 (mol) C\u00e2u 2. Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n triglixerit X trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol, natri panmitat v\u00e0 natri linoleat (C17H31COONa). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam X c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 1,49 mol O2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 v\u00e0 0,98 mol H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1i \u0111a a mol Br2 trong dung d\u1ecbch. T\u00ednh m, a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n triglixerit X trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol, natri panmitat v\u00e0 natri linoleat (C17H31COONa) n\u00ean X ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit panmitat v\u00e0 linoleat. C\u00e1ch 1: \uf0ec \uf0ef\uf0efC15H31COOH : x (mol) triglixerit X \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0edC17H31COOH : y (mol) \uf0be+\uf0be1,49\uf0bemo\uf0bel O2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ed0z,m98olmCoOl H2 2O (BT H) m gam \uf0ef x + y \uf0efC 3 \uf0ee 3H2 : (mol) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 428","\uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ecBT C :16x +18y + 3. x + y = z \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0,04 \uf0de n Br2 ph\u00b0n \u00f8ng = 2.nC17H31COOH = 0,04 (mol) \uf0ef 3 \uf0ed\uf0efy = 0,02 \uf0edBT \uf0ef\uf0eez =1,06 \uf0ef O : 2x + 2y + 2.1, 49 = 2z + 0,98 \uf0efBT H : 32x + 32y + 2. x + y = 2.0,98 \uf0ee3 m = 256.0,04 + 280.0,02 + 38.0,02 = 16,6 (gam) C\u00e1ch 2: \uf0ec \uf0be+\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0ae C 3H 5 (OH)3 + C15H31COONa + C17H31COONa \uf0ef \uf0deX: C H Ox 98 6 \uf0ef triglixerit X \uf0ef\uf0ed(X : C xH98O6 ) +1, 49 mol O2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CO2 + 0,98 mol H2O m gam \uf0ef\uf0efBT C \uf0de nX = 0,02; BT O \uf0de nCO2 = 1,06. BTKL \uf0de m = 16,6 (gam) \uf0ef\uf0ee(k -1).0,02 = 1,14 -1,06 \uf0de k = 5 \uf0de nBr2 = a = (5- 3).0,02 = 0,04 (mol) C\u00e2u 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m axit panmitic, axit oleic v\u00e0 triglixerit Y. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,75 mol CO2 v\u00e0 1,67 mol H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,1 mol NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a a gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat. T\u00ednh a. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat n\u00ean X ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit c\u1ee7a axit panmitic ho\u1eb7c axit oleic ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai axit tr\u00ean. X \uf0beQ\uf0be\u00a7\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecCC1157HH3313CCOOOOHH : x mol \uf0de \uf0ecBTC :16x +18y + 3z = 1,75 \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0, 04 : y mol \uf0ed\uf0efBTH : 32x + 34y + 2z = 2.1,67 \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0, 06 \uf0ef\uf0eeC3H2 : z mol \uf0ef\uf0eenNaOH = x + y = 0,1 \uf0ef\uf0eez = 0,01 \uf0de Mu\u00e8i \uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0edCC1157HH3313CCOOOONNaa : 0,1 mol \uf0de a = 278.0, 04 + 304.0, 06 = 29, 36 gam : 0,07 mol C\u00e2u 4. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m axit panmitic, axit oleic v\u00e0 triglixerit Y. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,98 mol CO2 v\u00e0 2,83 mol H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,17 mol NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a triglixerit Y. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat n\u00ean X ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit c\u1ee7a axit panmitic ho\u1eb7c axit oleic ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai axit tr\u00ean. X \uf0beQ\uf0be\u00a7\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edCC1175HH3313CCOOOOHH : x mol \uf0de \uf0ecBTC :16x +18y + 3z = 2,98 \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0,1 : y mol \uf0ef\uf0edBTH : 32x + 34y + 2z = 2.2,83 \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0, 07 \uf0ef\uf0eeC3H2 : z mol \uf0ef\uf0eenNaOH = x + y = 0,17 \uf0ef\uf0eez = 0,04 \uf0eca + b = 3 \uf0eca + b = 3 \uf0eca = 2 \uf0ed\uf0ef0,04a < 0,1 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0efa < 2,5 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0eeb = 1 Y: (C15H31-COO)aC3H5(OOC-C17H33)b: 0,04 mol c\u00f3 \uf0ee\uf0ef0,04b < 0,07 \uf0ee\uf0efb < 1,75 \uf0de Y: (C15H31-COO)2C3H5(OOC-C17H33) \uf0de mY = 832.0,04 = 33,26 gam. C\u00e2u 5. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m axit panmitic, axit oleic v\u00e0 triglixerit Y. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,11 mol CO2 v\u00e0 2 mol H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m gam X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,12 mol NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong X. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 429","H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i V\u00ec X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH trong dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c glixerol v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i natri panmitat, natri oleat n\u00ean X ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a g\u1ed1c axit c\u1ee7a axit panmitic ho\u1eb7c axit oleic ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai axit tr\u00ean. X \uf0beQ\uf0be\u00a7\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecCC1157HH3313CCOOOOHH : x mol \uf0de \uf0ecBTC :16x +18y + 3z = 2,11 \uf0de \uf0ecx = 0, 07 : y mol \uf0ef\uf0edBTH : 32x + 34y + 2z = 2.2 \uf0ed\uf0efy = 0, 05 \uf0ee\uf0efC3H2 : z mol \uf0ef\uf0eenNaOH = x + y = 0,12 \uf0ef\uf0eez = 0,03 \uf0eca + b = 3 \uf0eca + b = 3 \uf0eca = 2 Y: (C15H31-COO)aC3H5(OOC-C17H33)b: 0,04 mol c\u00f3 \uf0ed\uf0ef0,03a < 0,07 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0efa < 2,3 \uf0ed\uf0eeb = 1 \uf0ef\uf0ee0,03b < 0,05 \uf0ef\uf0eeb < 1,7 \uf0de \uf0ecY : \uf028 C15H31 - COO \uf029 C 3H 5 \uf028 OOC - C17H33 \uf029 : 0, 03 mol \uf0ef 2 \uf0de X \uf0edC15H31 - COOH : 0,07 - 2.0,03 = 0,01 mol \uf0ef\uf0eeC17H33 - COOH : 0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02 mol \uf0ef\uf0ecY : \uf028 C15H31 - COO \uf029 C 3H5 \uf028 OOC - C17 H33 \uf029 : 832.0, 03 \uf02b 832.0, 03 \uf02b 282.0, 02 \uf0d7100% = 75, 27% \uf0ef 2 256.0, 01 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0efC15H31 - COOH : 832.0, 03 \uf02b 256.0, 01 \uf02b 282.0, 02 \uf0d7100% = 7, 72% \uf0ef 256.0, 01 \uf0ef - COOH : 832.0, 03 \uf02b 282.0, 02 \uf02b 282.0, 02 \uf0d7100% = 17, 01% \uf0ef\uf0eeC17H33 256.0, 01 C\u00e2u 6. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 4,52 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E g\u1ed3m hai este no m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X v\u00e0 Y (\u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi axit cacboxylic v\u00e0 ancol; MX < MY < 174) c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 4,704 l\u00edt O2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4,256 l\u00edt CO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c cho 4,52 gam E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 0,45M r\u1ed3i ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 ancol l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan T. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n T thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na2CO3, CO2 v\u00e0 0,27 gam H2O. T\u00ednh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a X trong E. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ec\uf0efmE = 4,52gam \uf0beB\uf0beTKL\uf0be\uf0ae nH2O 0,16 \uf0ecCOO : 0,06mol (BTO) \uf0edn O2 = 0,21 mol = mol. E \uf0beQ\uf0be\u00a7\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0efCH2 : 0,13mol (BTC) \uf0ef\uf0een CO2 = 0,19 mol \uf0ef\uf0eeH2 : 0,03mol (BTH) T \uf0ecMu\u00e8i (COONa : 0,06 mol) + O2 \uf0beB\uf0beTH\uf0be\uf0ae n H(\u00eb mu\u00e8i) = 0 mol \uf0beM\uf0beX <\uf0beMY\uf0be<174\uf0be\uf0ae Mu\u00e8i NaOOC - COONa \uf0ee\uf0edNaOH d\u00ad: 0,09 - 0,06 = 0,03mol Ancol \uf0ecC = 0,13mol (BTC) \uf0de \uf0ecC 2H5OH : 0, 05 mol \uf0de E \uf0ecX : C 2 H5 - OOC - COO - C 2H5 : 0, 02 mol \uf0ee\uf0edOH = 0,06 mol \uf0ed\uf0eeC 3H7OH : 0, 01mol \uf0ed\uf0eeY : C 2 H5 - OOC - COO - C 3H 7 : 0, 01mol \uf0de %mX = 146.0,02 .100% = 64,6% 146.0,02 +160.0,01 C\u00e2u 7. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E g\u1ed3m ba este m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X, Y v\u00e0 Z, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t este hai ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hai este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, MX < MY < MZ. Cho 29,34 gam E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ancol no v\u00e0 31,62 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai axit cacboxylic k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00f9ng d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft 29,34 gam E th\u00ec c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 1,515 mol O2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H2O v\u00e0 1,29 mol CO2. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 430","\uf0be+\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0be\uf0ae h\u00e7n h\u00eep c\u00b2c ancol no + 31,62 gam h\u00e7n h\u00eep mu\u00e8i \uf0ecX c\u00f0a hai axit cacboxylic k\u00d5 ti\u00d5p trong c\u00efng d\u00b1y \u00ae\u00e5ng \u00ae\u00bcng 29,34 gam E \uf0ed\uf0efY \uf0ef\uf0eeZ \uf0be+\uf0beO2\uf0be:1,\uf0be515\uf0bem\uf0beol\uf0ae H2O + 1,29 mol CO2 ba este m\u00b3ch h\u00eb m\u00e9t este hai ch\u00f8c hai este \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c MX <MY <MZ BTKL : mE + mO2 = mH2O + mCO2 \uf0de mH2O = 21,06 gam \uf0de nH2O = 1,17 mol BT O : 2nCOO + 2nO2 = nH2O + 2nCO2 \uf0de nCOO = 0,36 mol \uf0de nNaOH = 0,36 mol BTKL : mE + mNaOH = mAncol + mMu\u00e8i \uf0de mAncol = 29,34 \uf02b 40.0,36 \uf02d 31, 62 \uf03d 12,12 gam Trong E c\u00e3 hai este \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c, suy ra h\u00e7n h\u00eep mu\u00e8i l\u00af c\u00f0a hai axit \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c. \uf0de nNaOH =n = 0,36 mol \uf0de MMu\u00e8i = R + 67 = 31, 62 = 87,83 \uf0de R = 20,83 RCOONa 0, 36 \uf0de hai mu\u00e8i \uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0edCCH2H3C5COOOONNaa:a: mol \uf0de \uf0ec82a + 96b = 31, 62 \uf0de \uf0eca = 0, 21 b mol \uf0ee\uf0eda + b = 0,36 \uf0ee\uf0edb = 0,15 Ancol \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edCCH2H3O4 (HOH: x)2m:oylmol \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecmn NaanOcoHl = x + 2y = 0,36 = 12,12 = 32x + 62y +14z \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0ef\uf0eeBTC : x + 2y + z = 1,29 - 0,21.2 - 0,15.3 = 0, 42 \uf0ecx = 0,12 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0,12 \uf0bez\uf0be\uf03cy\uf0ae kh\u00abng gh\u00d0p CH2 v\u00afo ancol C2H4(OH)2. \uf0ee\uf0efz = 0,06 \uf0de Ba este : Z l\u00af CH3COO - CH2 - CH2 - OOC - C2H5 : 0,12 mol \uf0de mZ \uf03d 160.0,12 \uf03d 19, 2 gam. X l\u00af CH3COO - (CH2 )u CH3 : 0,21- 0,12 = 0,09 mol. Y l\u00af C2H5COO - (CH2 )v CH3 : 0,15- 0,12 = 0,03 mol. nCH2 = 0,09u + 0,03v = 0,06 \uf0db 9u + 3v = 6 \uf0de u = 0; v = 2 \uf0de X l\u00af CH3COO - CH3 : m X \uf03d 74.0, 09 \uf03d 6, 66 gam. Y l\u00af C2H5COO - C3H7 : mY \uf03d 116.0, 03 \uf03d 3, 48 gam C\u00e2u 8. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E g\u1ed3m ba este m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X, Y, Z trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t este hai ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 hai este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c; MX < MY < MZ. Cho 24,66 gam E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KOH d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ancol no v\u00e0 31,22 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a hai axit cacboxylic k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. Khi \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 24,66 gam E th\u00ec c\u1ea7n 1,285 mol O2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 v\u00e0 0,99 mol H2O. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong E. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0be+\uf0beKO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0aeh\u00e7n h\u00eep c\u00b2c ancol no + 26,42 gam h\u00e7n h\u00eep mu\u00e8i \uf0ecX c\u00f0a hai axit cacboxylic k\u00d5 ti\u00d5p trong c\u00efng d\u00b1y \u00ae\u00e5ng \u00ae\u00bcng 24,66 gam E \uf0ef\uf0edY \uf0ee\uf0efZ \uf0be+\uf0beO2\uf0be:1,\uf0be285\uf0bem\uf0beol\uf0ae CO2 + 0,99 mol H2O ba este m\u00b3ch h\u00eb m\u00e9t este hai ch\u00f8c hai este \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c MX <MY <MZ CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 431","BTKL : mE + mO2 = mH2O + mCO2 \uf0de mCO2 = 47, 96 gam \uf0de nCO2 = 1,09 mol BT O : 2nCOO + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O \uf0de nCOO = 0,3 mol \uf0de nKOH = 0,3 mol BTKL : mE + mKOH = mAncol + mMu\u00e8i \uf0de mAncol = 24, 66 \uf02b 56.0, 3 \uf02d 31, 22 \uf03d 10, 24 gam Trong E c\u00e3 hai este \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c, suy ra h\u00e7n h\u00eep mu\u00e8i l\u00af c\u00f0a hai axit \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c. \uf0de nKOH =n = 0,3 mol \uf0de MMu\u00e8i = R + 83 = 31, 22 = 104,07 \uf0de R = 21,07 RCOOK 0, 3 \uf0de hai mu\u00e8i \uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0eeCCH2H3C5COOOOKK:a: mol \uf0de \uf0ec98a +112b = 31, 22 \uf0de \uf0eca = 0,17 b mol \uf0ee\uf0eda + b = 0,3 \uf0ed\uf0eeb = 0,13 Ancol \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecCCH2H3O4 (HOH: x)2m:oylmol \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecmn NaanOcoHl = x + 2y = 0,3 = 10, 24 = 32x + 62y +14z \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : z mol \uf0ee\uf0efBTC : x + 2y + z = 1,09 - 0,17.2 - 0,13.3 = 0,36 \uf0ecx = 0,1 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0,1 \uf0bez\uf0be\uf03cy\uf0ae kh\u00abng gh\u00d0p CH2 v\u00afo ancol C2H4(OH)2. \uf0ef\uf0eez = 0,06 \uf0de Ba este : Z l\u00af CH3COO - CH2 - CH2 - OOC - C2H5 : 0,1 mol \uf0de mZ \uf03d 160.0,1 \uf03d 16, 0 gam. X l\u00af CH3COO - (CH2 )u CH3 : 0,17 - 0,1 = 0,07 mol. Y l\u00af C2H5COO - (CH2 )v CH3 : 0,13- 0,1 = 0,03 mol. nCH2 = 0,07u + 0,03v = 0,06 \uf0db 7u + 3v = 6 \uf0de u = 0; v = 2 \uf0de X l\u00af CH3COO - CH3 : m X \uf03d 74.0, 07 \uf03d 5,18 gam. Y l\u00af C2H5COO - C3H7 : mY \uf03d 116.0, 03 \uf03d 3, 48 gam \uf0de %mX \uf03d 5,18 \uf0d7100% \uf03d 21, 01%; %mY \uf03d 3, 48 \uf0d7100% \uf03d14,11%; %mZ \uf03d 64,88% 24, 66 24, 66 C\u00e2u 9. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t axit \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t este hai ch\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ec1u no, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 18,76 gam X b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng O2 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol CO2 v\u00e0 H2O l\u00e0 1,04 mol. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a oxi c\u00f3 trong X l\u00e0 58,00%. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a axit trong X. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b Quy \u00f1o\u00e5i X tha\u00f8nh ca\u00f9c cha\u00e1t \u00f1a\u00e0u da\u00f5y \u00f1o\u00e0ng \u00f1a\u00fang va\u00f8 n h o\u00f9m CH2 : X \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0efCCH4 H2 O6 O2 : x mol \uf0fc \uf0beO\uf0be2 , t\uf0beo \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0ecCHO2O2 : (x \uf02b 4y \uf02b z) mol \uf0fc : y mol \uf0ef : (x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z) mol \uf0fd 4 \uf0fd \uf0fe \uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0fe \uf0ecm X \uf03d 46x \uf02b 118y \uf02b 14z \uf03d 18,76 \uf0ecx \uf0bb 0,1 \uf0ef \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edy \uf0bb 0,12 \uf02b \uf0edn(CO2 , H2O \uf03d 2x \uf02b 7y \uf02b 2z \uf03d 1, 04 \uf0ee\uf0efmO trong X \uf03d 32x \uf02b 64y \uf03d 18, 76.58% \uf0ee\uf0efz \uf0bb 0 \uf0de X go\u00e0m \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0ecCCH4 H2 O6 O2 : 0,1 mol \uf0fc \uf0de %CH2O2 \uf03d 24, 52% : 0,12 mol \uf0fd 4 \uf0fe C\u00e2u 10. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a gam este hai ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf X (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi axit cacboxylic no v\u00e0 hai ancol trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ancol no v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ancol kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc) c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 16,8 l\u00edt kh\u00ed O2 (\u0111ktc), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,2 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO2 v\u00e0 H2O. Cho a gam X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi 200 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 2M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n Y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan. T\u00ednh b. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 432","\uf02b X \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0efCCHH32O: Oy Cm\uf02dolCOOCH2CH \uf03d CHCH3 : x mol\uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be0,7\uf0be5 mo\uf0bel O2\uf0be, to\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0efCHO2O2 : (7x \uf02b y) mol\uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0fd : (5x \uf02b y) \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0fe mol \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0de \uf0ec\uf0efn ( CO2 , H2O) \uf03d 12x \uf02b 2y \uf03d 1,2 \uf0de \uf0ec x \uf03d 0,1 \uf0ed \uf02b 2.0, 75 \uf03d 2(7x \uf0ed y \uf03d 0 \uf0ee\uf0efBTO : 4x \uf02b y) \uf02b (5x \uf02b y) \uf0ee \uf0de X la\u00f8 CH3OOC \uf02d COOCH2CH \uf03d CHCH3 (0,1 mol). \uf02b 0,1 mol X \uf02b 0, 4 mol KOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae cha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n \uf0ecKOOC \uf02d COOK : 0,1 mol\uf0fc \uf0ee\uf0edKOH d\u00f6 : 0,2 mol \uf0fd \uf0fe \uf0de mcha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n \uf03d 27,8 gam C\u00e2u 11. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf: X l\u00e0 axit kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 hai li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u03c0 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, Y l\u00e0 axit no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, Z l\u00e0 ancol no hai ch\u1ee9c, T l\u00e0 este c\u1ee7a X, Y v\u1edbi Z. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n a gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p M g\u1ed3m X v\u00e0 T, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,1 mol CO2 v\u00e0 0,07 mol H2O. Cho 6,9 gam M ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i khan E. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n E, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na2CO3; 0,195 mol CO2 v\u00e0 0,135 mol H2O. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T trong M. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ecaxit X co\u00f9 2 lie\u00e2n ke\u00e1t \uf070\uf0fc \uf02b \uf0ed\uf0efaxit Y \u00f1\u00f4n ch\u00f6\u00f9c no \uf0ef \uf0fd \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae este T \uf0de X co\u00f9 da\u00efng la\u00f8 CnH2n\uf02d1COOH. \uf0ef\uf0eeancol no hai ch\u00f6\u00f9c Z \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0ecX\uf0fc \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0efCHHCO2 \uf03dOCCHHC2COHO2HOO: xCCmHol\uf03d \uf0fc \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0ef \uf02b \uf0ee\uf0edT \uf0fd \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae CH2 : y mol \uf0fd \uf0fe \uf0ef \uf0fe M 6,9 gam \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecCHHCO2 \uf03dOCNHa C: yOmOoNl a : (x \uf02b y) mol\uf0fc \uf0ef \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0ae E \uf0fd \uf0beO\uf0be2 , t\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2CO3 \uf02b CO2 \uf02b H2O \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0fe\uf0ef (0,5x\uf02by)mol (2,5x\uf02b3y\uf02bz)mol (1,5x\uf02b2y\uf02bz)mol \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0efnmChOo2\u00e3n h\u00f4\u00efp \uf03d 72x \uf02b 144y \uf02b 14z \uf03d 6, 9 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,03 \uf03d 2,5x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z \uf03d 0,195 \uf0ed\uf0efy \uf03d 0,03 \uf0de CH2 \uf0de \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0eez \uf03d 0,03 na\u00e8m \u00f4\u00fb go\u00e1c axit no. \uf0ef\uf0eenH2O \uf03d 1,5x \uf02b 2y \uf02b z \uf03d 0,135 \uf0de M go\u00e0m \uf0ec\uf0efX : CH2 \uf03d CHCOOH : 0,03 \uf03d CH2 : \uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0de %mT \uf03d 158.0, 03 .100% \uf0bb 68, 7% \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0eeT : CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH 0, 03\uf0fe\uf0ef\uf0fd 6, 9 C\u00e2u 12. X l\u00e0 este no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c; Y l\u00e0 este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c; kh\u00f4ng no ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C (X, Y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 14,4 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9a X, Y c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 14,336 l\u00edt O2 (\u0111ktc) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 9,36 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n E trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng axit thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a 2 axit cacboxylic A, B (MA < MB) v\u00e0 ancol Z duy nh\u1ea5t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh X, Y, Z, A, B. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 433","\uf02b \uf0ecX : este no, \u00f1\u00f4n ch\u00f6\u00f9c ch\u00f6\u00f9c co\u00f9 1 lie\u00e2n ke\u00e1t C \uf03d \uf0fc \uf0bet\uf0beh\u00f0y \uf0beph\u00a9n\uf0be\uf0ae ancol duy nha\u00e1t \uf02b ... \uf0ee\uf0edY la\u00f8 este kho\u00e2ng no, \u00f1\u00f4n C\uf0fd\uf0fe \uf0de ancol la\u00f8 no, \u00f1\u00f4n ch\u00f6\u00f9c; go\u00e1c axit trong Y co\u00f91 lie\u00e2n ke\u00e1t C \uf03d C. \uf0de E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae14 , 4gam \uf0ef\uf0ecHCOOCH3 : x mol : y \uf0fc \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be0,6\uf0be4mo\uf0belO2\uf0be, to \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0efCHO2O2 :(2 x\uf02b 4 y\uf02b z) mol \uf0fc\uf0ef \uf0edCH2 \uf03d CHCOOCH3 mol\uf0fd\uf0ef : (2x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z) mol\uf0fd\uf0fe\uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0ecm E \uf03d 60x \uf02b 86y \uf02b14z \uf03d 14,4 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,14 \uf0ef\uf0ecn : nCH2 \uf03dCHCOOCH3 \uf03d1:1 \uf0ef : 2x \uf02b 2y \uf02b 0,64.2 \uf03d 2(2x \uf0ed\uf0efy \uf03d 0, 06 \uf0ed \uf0de \uf0edBTO \uf02b 4y \uf02b z) \uf02b (2x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z) \uf0de \uf0de CH2 \uf0ef n H2O \uf03d 2x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z \uf03d 0,52 \uf0ee\uf0efz \uf03d 0,06 \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 na\u00e8m \u00f4\u00fb go\u00e1c axit kho\u00e2ng no \uf0ee \uf0de E go\u00e0m \uf0ef\uf0ecX la\u00f8 HCOOCH3 \uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0de \uf0ec\uf0efA la\u00f8 HCOOH \uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efY la\u00f8 C3H5COOCH3 \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0edB la\u00f8 C3H5COOH, \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0fe Z la\u00f8 CH3OH \uf0ef\uf0fe C\u00e2u 13. X l\u00e0 este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c; Y l\u00e0 este hai ch\u1ee9c (X, Y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 21,2 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9a X, Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c a mol CO2 v\u00e0 b mol H2O v\u1edbi a = b + 0,52. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 21,2 gam E c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 240 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 1M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t mu\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p F ch\u1ee9a 2 ancol \u0111\u1ec1u no. D\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 F qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng Na d\u01b0 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng 8,48 gam. X\u00e1c \u0111inh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Y. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02bE \uf0ecX la\u00f8 este \u00f1\u00f4n ch\u00f6\u00f9c\uf0fc \uf0be0\uf0be,K24O\uf0bemHol\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecmuo\u00e1i duy nha\u00e1t \uf0fc \uf0de E \uf0ec\uf0efX la\u00f8 RCOOCn H 2 n \uf02b1 \uf0fc\uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0edY la\u00f8 este \uf0fd \uf0ee\uf0edhai ancol \uf0fd \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeY la\u00f8 (RCOO)2 Cm H2m \uf0fd hai ch\u00f6\u00f9c \uf0fe no \uf0fe \uf0fe\uf0ef \uf02b nOH ancol \uf03d nKOH \uf03d 0,24; mancol \uf03d mgo\u00e1c ancolat \uf02b mH trong OH \uf03d 8, 48 \uf02b 0,24 \uf03d 8, 72 gam. \uf0de m RCOOK \uf03d mE \uf02b m KOH \uf02d mancol \uf03d 25,92 \uf0de M RCOOK \uf03d 25, 92 \uf03d 108 \uf0de R la\u00f8 CH \uf0ba C\uf02d 0, 24 \uf02b E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ed(CCHH\uf0ba\uf0baCCCCOOOOC)H2 C32:Hx4 mol \uf0fc \uf0beO\uf0beto2 \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ecCHO2O2 : (4x \uf02b 8y \uf02b z) mol\uf0fc\uf0ef : y mol \uf0ef : (2x \uf02b 3y \uf02b z) mol\uf0fd\uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0fd \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : z mol \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0efnmKEOH\uf03d\uf03d84xx\uf02b\uf02b21y6\uf03d6y0,\uf02b2144z \uf03d 21, 2 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,16 \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0eeCnCHH22 na\u00e8m trong Y 0, 52 \uf0ef\uf0edy \uf03d 0, 04 : nY \uf03d 2 \uf0de \uf0de \uf0ee\uf0efz \uf03d 0, 08 \uf0de \uf0ef n CO2 \uf02d nH2O \uf03d 2x \uf02b 5y \uf03d \uf0ee\uf0ef \uf0de Ca\u00e0n the\u00e2m 2 n h o\u00f9m CH2 va\u00f8o Y \uf0de Y la\u00f8 (CH \uf0ba CCOO)2 C4H8 \uf0de CTPTc\u00f0a Y : C10H10O4 C\u00e2u 14. X l\u00e0 este no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c; Y l\u00e0 este \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng no ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C (X, Y \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,08 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9a X, Y (s\u1ed1 mol X l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 mol Y) c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 7,28 l\u00edt O2 (\u0111ktc). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng 0,08 mol E v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (l\u1ea5y d\u01b0 20% so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng), c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m gam r\u1eafn khan v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p F ch\u1ee9a 2 ancol \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp. T\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a F so v\u1edbi H2 l\u00e0 18,625. T\u00ednh m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b MF \uf03d 18,625.2 \uf03d 37,25 \uf0de F go\u00e0m \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0edCCH2H3O5OHH::xymmooll \uf02b \uf0ec\uf0efnF \uf03d nE \uf03d x \uf02b y \uf03d 0,08 \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 05 \uf0ben\uf0beX \uf03e\uf0benY \uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0efX la\u00f8 CnH2n\uf02b1COOCH3 : 0, 05 mol \uf0ef\uf0edMF 32x \uf02b 46y \uf0ee\uf0edy \uf03d 0, 03 \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0edY la\u00f8 CmH2m\uf02d1COOC2H5 : 0, 03 mol \uf0ee \uf03d x \uf02b y \uf03d 37, 25 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 434","\uf07b \uf07d\uf02b \uf0beQ\uf0beuy \uf0be\u00ae\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0efHCOOCH3 : 0,05 mol \uf0fc \uf0be0\uf0be,O3225\uf0be, tmoo\uf0bel\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ee\uf0efCHO2O2 : (0, 25 \uf02b x) mol\uf0ef\uf0fc X, Y \uf0edCH2 \uf03d CHCOOC2H5 : 0, 03 mol\uf0fd\uf0ef : (0, 22 \uf02b \uf0fd \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : x mol x)mol \uf0fe\uf0ef \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0de BTO : 2.0,05 \uf02b 2.0,03 \uf02b 2.0,325 \uf03d 2(0,25 \uf02b x) \uf02b (0,22 \uf02b x) \uf0de x \uf03d 0,03 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ecn CH2 : nCH2 \uf03dCHCOOC2H5 \uf03d1:1 \uf0de \uf0ec\uf0efX la\u00f8 HCOOCH3 \uf0fc\uf0ef \uf0ed \uf0ed \uf0fd \uf0ee\uf0ef1CH2 na\u00e8m trong go\u00e1c axit kho\u00e2ng no \uf0ef\uf0eeY la\u00f8 C3H5COOC2H5 \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0ecHCOONa : 0,05 \uf02b Cha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n go\u00e0m \uf0ef\uf0edC3H5COONa : 0,03 \uf0ee\uf0efNaOH : 20%.0,08 \uf03d 0,016 \uf0de mcha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n \uf03d 7,28 gam C\u00e2u 15. Cho X, Y l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a axit acrylic v\u00e0 MX < MY; Z l\u00e0 ancol c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed cacbon v\u1edbi X (MZ < 100); T l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a hai ch\u1ee9c este t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi X, Y v\u00e0 Z. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 64,6 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E g\u1ed3m X, Y, Z, T c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 59,92 l\u00edt kh\u00ed O2 (\u0111ktc), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 46,8 gam n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, 64,6 gam E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,2 mol Br2. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi cho c\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi KOH d\u01b0. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b T\u00f6\u00f8 gia\u00fb thie\u00e1t suy ra : \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efOCXH\uf0b3Z 3, CY \uf03e 3; CZ \uf03d CX \uf0b3 3 \uf0b32 \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0efm64,E6 \uf02b m O2 \uf03d m CO2 \uf02b m H2O \uf0de nCO2 \uf03d 2,35mol \uf0ecZ la\u00f8 ancol no \uf0ed \uf0ef \uf02b \uf0ef 59,92 .32 ?\uf03d103,4 46,8 \uf0ea\uf0e9C3H6 (OH)2 22,4 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edMZ \uf03c 100, Z la\u00f8 \uf0eb\uf0eaC3H5 (OH)3 \uf0ee \uf0ef\uf0eenCO2 : nH2O \uf03d 2,35 : 2,6 \uf03d 0,903 \uf03c 1 \uf0ef\uf0ecCH2 \uf03d CHCOOH : 0, 2 mol (\uf03d n Br2 )\uf0fc \uf0ef E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \uf0be\u00f1o\u00e5i\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0edC3H8\uf02da (OH)a : x mol \uf0ef \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ecCHO2O2 : 2, 35 mol \uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0efCH2 : y mol \uf0fd \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be2,6\uf0be75 m\uf0beolO\uf0be2 \uf0ae : 2, 6 mol \uf0fd \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0ee\uf0efH2O : z mol \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0ecm E \uf03d 72.0, 2 \uf02b 92x \uf02b 14y \uf02b 18z \uf03d 64, 6 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 55 \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0efy \uf03d 0,1 \uf0ed\uf0efnCO2 \uf03d 0,2.3 \uf02b 3x \uf02b y \uf03d 2,35 \uf0ed\uf0efz \uf03d \uf02d0,1 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0eeBnHT2OO \uf03d 0,2.2 \uf02b 4x \uf02b y \uf02b z \uf03d 2,6 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0eea \uf03d 3 : 2.0,2+a.x+z+2.2,675=2.2,35+2,6 \uf0de E \uf0beK\uf0beOH\uf0bed\u00f6\uf0be\uf0aemuo\u00e1i \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ecCCHH22 \uf03d CHCOOK : 0, 2\uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0de m muo\u00e1i \uf03d 23,4 gam : 0,1 \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0fe C\u00e2u 16. X\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m gam m\u1ed9t este no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf E b\u1eb1ng 28 gam dung d\u1ecbch KOH 28%. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25,68 gam ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng X v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn khan Y. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m CO2, H2O v\u00e0 K2CO3, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a CO2 v\u00e0 H2O l\u00e0 18,34 gam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Na d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 13,888 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b \uf0ec\uf0efE : RCOOR ' \uf0de X go\u00e0m \uf0ec\uf0efm H2O \uf03d 28.(100 \uf02d 28)% \uf03d 20,16 gam \uf0db 1,12 mol \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efnKOH \uf03d 0,14 \uf0ed \uf0ef\uf0eemR'OH \uf03d 5,52 gam CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 435","\uf02dOH \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0be\uf0ae 1 H2 2 \uf0ecn R ' OH \uf02b nH2O \uf03d 2nH2 \uf03d 1, 24 \uf0ef\uf0ecn \uf03d 0,12; M n R ' OH \uf03d 46 (C2H5OH) \uf0ef \uf0ed \uf02b \uf0ed? 1,12 \uf0de R ' OH \uf0ef\uf0eenRCOOR' \uf03d nR'OH \uf0ee\uf0efnRCOOR' \uf03d nR'OH \uf03d 0,12 \uf0ecKOH : 0,02 : mol \uf0fc \uf0ecK 2 CO3 : 0, 07 mol\uf0fc \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0efHCOOK : 0,12 mol\uf0fd\uf0ef \uf0ef \uf0ef \uf02b Y \uf0beO\uf0be2 , t\uf0beo \uf0ae \uf0edCO2 : (0,05 \uf02b x) \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : x mol \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eeH2O : (0,07 \uf02b x) \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0fe \uf0de m(CO2 , H2O) \uf03d (0, 05 \uf02b x).44 \uf02b (0, 07 \uf02b x).18 \uf03d 18,34 \uf0de x \uf03d 0,24 \uf0de nCH2 : nHCOOK \uf03d 2 \uf0de E : C2H5COOC2H5; mE \uf03d 0,12.102 \uf03d 12,24 gam . C\u00e2u 17. X l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t axit cacboxylic, Y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t este nol hai ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi cho X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ancol \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c Z). Cho 0,2 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m X v\u00e0 Y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch KHCO3 l\u1ea5y d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,11 mol CO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,2 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,69 mol CO2 v\u00e0 m gam H2O. T\u00ednh m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Quy \u00f1o\u00e5i axit, este tha\u00f8nh n h o\u00f9m CH2 va\u00f8 ca\u00f9c cha\u00e1t \u00f1a\u00e0u da\u00f5y \u00f1o\u00e0ng \u00f1a\u00fang \uf02b Y l\u00af este no hai ch\u00f8c c\u00f0a ancol \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c Z n\u00aa n X la\u00f8 axit no, hai ch\u00f6\u00f9c, Z l\u00af ancol no \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c. \uf02b R(COOH)2 \uf02b 2KHCO3 \uf0ae R(COOK)2 \uf02b 2CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b 2H2O \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0ecn X \uf03d 0,11 : 2 \uf03d 0,055 \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0edn Y \uf03d 0,2 \uf02d 0,055 \uf03d 0,145 0,11 \uf07b \uf07d\uf02b \uf0beq\uf0beuy \uf0be\u00f1o\u00e5i\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0ef(COOH)2 : 0,055 \uf0fc \uf0beO\uf0be2 , \uf0beto \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ecCHO2O2 : (0, 69 \uf02b x) mol \uf0fc\uf0ef X, Y \uf0ef : (0, 49 \uf02b x) mol \uf0fd \uf0ed(COOCH3 )2 : 0,145\uf0fd \uf0fe\uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : x \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0de nCO2 \uf03d 0,69 \uf02b x \uf03d 0,69 \uf0de x \uf03d 0 \uf0de nH2O \uf03d 0,49 \uf0de mH2O \uf03d 8,82 gam C\u00e2u 18. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E g\u1ed3m este X \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 axit cacboxylic Y hai ch\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng no c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C = C trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,43 mol kh\u00ed CO2 v\u00e0 0,32 mol h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n 46,6 gam E b\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaOH v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 55,2 gam mu\u1ed1i khan v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 Z. Bi\u1ebft t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Z so v\u1edbi H2 l\u00e0 16. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Y trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0eeMZ lZa\uf03d\u00f8 C3H23OH \uf0de E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae E ' \uf0ef\uf0ecC2 H3COOCH 3 \uf0fc \uf0edC2H2 (COOH)2 \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 \uf0fd \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf02b TN1 : \uf0ec\uf0efC2 H3COOCH 3 :x mol \uf0fc \uf0beO\uf0be2 , t\uf0beo \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0efCHO2O2 : (4x \uf02b 4y \uf02b z) mol \uf0fc\uf0ef \uf0edC2H2 (COOH)2 :y mol \uf0fd\uf0ef : (3x \uf02b 2y \uf02b z) \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : z mol mol \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf02b TN2 : 46, 6gam \uf0ef\uf0ecC2 H3COOCH3 : kx mol \uf0fc \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH \uf0ae 55, 2gam \uf0ec\uf0efC2H3COONa : kx mol \uf0fc \uf0edC2H2 (COOH)2 : ky mol\uf0fd\uf0ef \uf0edC2H2 (COONa)2 : ky mol\uf0ef\uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : kz mol \uf0ef \uf0ee\uf0efCH2 : kz mol \uf0ef \uf0fe \uf0fe CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 436","\uf0ec \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0eennmmCHmO2OE2uo' \uf03d\u00e1\uf03di \uf03d34xx8964\uf02b\uf02bxx24\uf02b\uf02byy11\uf02b\uf02b16zz60\uf03dyy\uf03d \uf0de 0, 43 \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0, 05 \uf0de E \uf0ef\uf0ecX la\u00f8 C2H3 (CH2 )a COOCH3 : 0, 05 \uf0ef\uf0fc 0,32 \uf0ed\uf0efy \uf03d 0, 03 \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeY la\u00f8 C2H2 (CH2 )b (COOH)2 : 0, 03\uf0fd\uf0fe\uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eez \uf03d 0,11 \uf02b 14z 46, 6 \uf02b 14z \uf03d 55, 2 \uf0de nCH2 \uf03d 0,05a \uf02b 0, 03b \uf03d 0,11 \uf0db 5a \uf02b 3b \uf03d 11\uf0de \uf0ef\uf0eca \uf03d1 (1CH2 va\u00f8o este). \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeb \uf03d2 (2CH2 va\u00f8o axit). \uf0de E go\u00e0m \uf0ec\uf0efX la\u00f8 C3H5COOCH3 : 0,05 \uf0fc\uf0ef \uf0de %mY \uf03d 46,35% \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeY la\u00f8 C4H6 (COOH)2 : 0, 03\uf0fd\uf0fe\uf0ef C\u00e2u 19. X l\u00e0 este no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, Y l\u00e0 axit cacboxylic \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng no ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i C=C; Z l\u00e0 este 2 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi etylen glicol v\u00e0 axit Y (X, Y, Z, \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, s\u1ed1 mol Y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 mol Z). \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y a gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9a X, Y, Z c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 0,335 mol O2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 v\u00e0 H2O l\u00e0 19,74 gam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, a gam E ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,03 mol H2. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a X trong E. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ec\uf0efHCOOCH3 : x mol \uf0fc \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0edCHO2O2 : (2x \uf02b11y \uf02b z)\uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef(CCHH2 \uf03d CHCOOH : y mol \uf0ef : (2x \uf02b E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae 2 \uf03d CHCOO)2 C2 H4 y \uf0ef \uf0be0\uf0be,O3325\uf0be, tmoo\uf0bel\uf0ae19, 74 gam \uf02b 7y \uf02b z) \uf0fd mol\uf0fd\uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : z mol \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf02b \uf0ec m ( CO2 , H2O) \uf03d 44.(2x \uf02b11y \uf02b z) \uf02b18.(2x \uf02b 7y \uf02b z) \uf03d 19,74 \uf02b z) \uf0de \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,11 \uf0ef\uf0ef BTO \uf02b 2y \uf02b 4y \uf02b 2.0,335 \uf03d 2(2x \uf02b11y \uf02b z) \uf02b (2x \uf02b 7y \uf0ef\uf0edy \uf03d 0, 01 \uf0ed : 2x \uf0ef n H2 p\u00f6 v\u00f4\u00f9i E \uf03d 3y \uf03d 0, 03 \uf0ee\uf0efz \uf03d 0 \uf0ef\uf0ee \uf0ecX la\u00f8 HCOOCH3 : 0,11 mol \uf0fc \uf0ef \uf0ef \uf0de E go\u00e0m \uf0edY la\u00f8 CH2 \uf03d CHCOOH : 0,01 mol \uf0fd \uf0de mX \uf03d 6,6 gam \uf0ee\uf0efZ la\u00f8 (CH2 \uf03d CHCOO)2 C2H4 : 0,01 mol\uf0ef\uf0fe C\u00e2u 20. X, Y l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a ancol anlylic; Z l\u00e0 axit no, hai ch\u1ee9c; T l\u00e0 este t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi X, Y, Z. \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y 17,12 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E ch\u1ee9a X, Y, Z, T (\u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf) c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng 10,864 l\u00edt (\u0111ktc) kh\u00ed O2, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7,56 gam H2O. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, 17,12 gam E l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,09 mol Br2. N\u1ebfu \u0111un n\u00f3ng 0,3 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p E v\u1edbi 450 ml dung d\u1ecbch KOH 1M, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111i qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng Na (d\u01b0) th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng m gam. T\u00ednh m. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf02b E \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00f1\uf0beo\u00e5i\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec((CCCHOO2OO\uf03dCHCH)H22:\uf02d\uf02dyCCmHHo2l\uf03dOCHH: x mol \uf0fc \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be0,4\uf0be85 m\uf0beol O\uf0be2 \uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0efCHO2O2 : (3x \uf02b 2y \uf02b 8z \uf02b t) mol 2 )2 : z \uf0ef : (3 x \uf02b y\uf02b 5z\uf02b t) mol \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 : t mol mol\uf0fd\uf0ef \uf0fe\uf0ef \uf0ecm ho\u00e3n h\u00f4\u00efp \uf03d 58x \uf02b 90y \uf02b 170z \uf02b 14t \uf03d 17,12 \uf0ecx \uf03d 0,07 \uf0ef \uf0efn \uf03d x \uf02b 2z \uf03d 0, 09 \uf0ef\uf0efy \uf0de \uf0ed Br2 p\u00f6 \uf0de \uf0ed\uf0efz \uf03d 0,12 \uf03d 0, 01 \uf0efBTO : (x\uf02b 4 y\uf02b 4 z) \uf02b 2.0,485 \uf03d 2(3x \uf02b 2y \uf02b 8z \uf02b t) \uf02b (3x\uf02b y\uf02b 5z\uf02b t) \uf0ef\uf0eenH2O \uf03d 3x \uf02b y \uf02b 5z \uf02b t \uf03d 0,42 \uf0ef\uf0eet \uf03d 0,04 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 437","\uf0b7 Nha\u00e4n xe\u00f9t : t \uf03c y ne\u00e2n kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 ghe\u00f9p CH2 va\u00f8o axit, cu\u00f5ng kho\u00e2ng the\u00e5 ghe\u00f9p CH2 va\u00f8o go\u00e1c axit trong este v\u00ec trong E ch\u00e6 co\u00f9 mo\u00e4t axit. Va\u00e4y CH2 na\u00e8m trong ancol. \uf0de (x \uf02b y \uf02b z) \uf03d 0,2 mol E \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH \uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0edCCHH22 \uf03d CH \uf02d CH2OH : 0, 09 mol\uf0fc\uf0ef : 0,04 mol \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0de 0,3 mol E \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH \uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0efCCH3H2 5OH : 0,135 mol\uf0ef\uf0fc \uf0beN\uf0bea\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0eeCCH3H2 5ONa : 0,135 mol\uf0ef\uf0fc : 0,06 mol \uf0fd : 0,06 mol \uf0fd \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf0ef\uf0fe \uf02b H2 ( 0,135 mol) \uf0de m b\u00ecnh ta\u00eang \uf03d mC3H5OH \uf02b mCH2 \uf02d mH2 \uf03d 8,535 (gam) 2 C\u00e2u 21. Cho 0,08 mol h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m 4 este m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 0,17 mol H2 (x\u00fac t\u00e1c Ni, t\u00b0), thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi 110 ml dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 1M, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Z g\u1ed3m 2 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a 2 axit cacboxylic no c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch cacbon kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 6,88 gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p T g\u1ed3m 2 ancol no, \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 0,01 mol X c\u1ea7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 0,09 mol O2. T\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong Z. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Axit cacboxylic kh\u00abng ph\u00a9n nh\u00b2nh ch\u00d8 c\u00e3 th\u00d3 l\u00af \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c ho\u00c6c hai ch\u00f8c. nNaOH = 0,11 = 1,375 \uf0de X ch\u00f8a este \u00ae\u00acn ch\u00f8c v\u00af este hai ch\u00f8c. nY 0,08 0, 08 mol X \uf0beq\uf0beuy \u00ae\uf0be\u00e6i\uf0ae \uf0ecHCOOCH3 : x mol \uf0be+\uf0be0,1N7\uf0beim,to0l\uf0beH2\uf0be\uf0ae Y \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec(HCCOOOOCCHH3 )32: x mol \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef(CCHO2O:zCmHo3)l2 : y mol : y mol \uf0ee\uf0efH2 : - 0,17 mol \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 :z mol Y \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ed(HCCOOOOCCHH3 )32: x mol \uf0be\uf02b\uf0be0,11\uf0bemo\uf0bel NaO\uf0beH\uf0ae Z \uf0ecHCOONa : x mol \uf02b 6, 88 gam T \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0eeCCHH32O:bHm: (oxl + 2y) mol \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 :z mol : y mol \uf0ed\uf0ef(COONa)2 : y mol \uf0ef\uf0eeCH2 :a mol \uf0ecHCOOCH3 : x mol \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef(CCHO2O: zCmHo3 )l2 0, 08 mol X : y mol \uf0be0\uf0be,72\uf0bemol\uf0beO2 \uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0edCHO2O2 : (2x + 4y + z) mol : (2x + 3y + z - 0,17) mol \uf0ee\uf0efH2 : - 0,17 mol \uf0de \uf0ecn X = x + y = 0,08 \uf0ecx = 0,05 \uf0ed\uf0efn NaOH = x + 2y = 0,11 \uf0de \uf0ef\uf0edy = 0,03 \uf0ef\uf0eeBTO : 2x + 4y + 2.0,72 = 2(2x + 4y + z) + (2x + 3y + z - 0,17) \uf0ef\uf0eez = 0, 4 \uf0ec\uf0efmT = 32(x + 2y) + 14b = 6, 88 \uf0de \uf0eca = 0,16 \uf0de Z \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0ec(HC(HCH2 )2v )u COONa : 0,05 mol \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ednCH2 = a + b = 0, 4 \uf0ed\uf0eeb = 0, 24 (COONa)2 : 0,03 mol \uf0de 0, 05u + 0, 03v = 0,16 \uf0db 5u + 3v = 16 \uf0de \uf0ecu = 2 \uf0de Z \uf0ecC 2 H5COONa : 0,05 mol \uf0ed\uf0eev = 2 \uf0ee\uf0edC 2 H4(COONa)2 : 0, 03 mol \uf0de %mC2H4 (COONa)2 = 162.0.03 .100% = 50,31% 96.0, 05 + 162.0, 03 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 GI\u1ea2I TO\u00c1N H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 438","PH\u1ea6N 4. GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 - C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N A. \u0110\u1ec0 C\u00d3 H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN CH\u1ea4M \u0110I\u1ec2M PH\u00d5NG GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI C\u1ea4P TH\u1eca X\u00c3 B\u1ec8M S\u01a0N N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2020 - 2021 M\u00d4N: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C (\u0110\u1ec1 thi c\u00f3 02 trang) Ng\u00e0y thi: 08\/10\/2020 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u 1: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 40, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 12 h\u1ea1t. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i, cho bi\u1ebft t\u00ean, KHHH c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X. Cho ZO = 8; ZNa = 11: ZMg = 12; ZAl = 13; ZP = 15; Zs = 16; ZCl = 17. CaO C\u00e2u 2: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) CaCO3 Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau v\u00e0 CaCl2 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra? (m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh). Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 C\u00e2u 3: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 18 gam FeS2 v\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 SO2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0o 2 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 0,125M. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. C\u00e2u 4: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTP\u01af cho m\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. Cho kim lo\u1ea1i Na v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3. b. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2. c. Cho t\u1eeb t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t: kh\u00ed CO2, dung d\u1ecbch AlCl3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n dung d\u1ecbch NaAlO2 cho t\u1edbi d\u01b0. C\u00e2u 5: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. Ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch phenol phtalein h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 4 dung d\u1ecbch m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong m\u1ed7i l\u1ecd sau: Ba(OH)2, KOH, HCl, H2SO4 2. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft pirit, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Vi\u1ebft PTHH \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeSO4, Fe(OH)3, NaHSO4. C\u00e2u 6: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Al, Cu, Fe3O4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B, kh\u00ed SO2 tho\u00e1t ra. N\u1ebfu cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch C, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan D v\u00e0 kh\u00ed E. Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F. Nung F ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G, cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua G nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 trong B, C, E, F, G, H v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra? C\u00e2u 7: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Kh\u1eed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 4,06 gam m\u1ed9t oxit kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng CO \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u00e0nh m gam kim lo\u1ea1i. D\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00ed sinh ra v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH) d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 7 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. N\u1ebfu 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 439","l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i sinh ra h\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,176 l\u00edt kh\u00ed H2 (\u0111ktc). T\u00ednh m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i? C\u00e2u 8: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t BaCO3, BaSO4, KCl, MgCl2. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. C\u00e2u 9: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Tr\u1ed9n V1 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 0,3M v\u1edbi V2 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 0,4M thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,6 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch A. T\u00ednh V1, V2? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng 0,6 l\u00edt dung d\u1ecbch A h\u00f2a tan v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 0,54 gam Al v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra C\u00e2u 10: (2,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. 1. N\u00eau t\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. 2. Vi\u1ebft 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t A, B. 3. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch D, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. 4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed SO2. Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; CI = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Ag - 108; Ba - 137; N =14. -----------------------------H\u1ebeT--------------------------- C\u00e2u H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN GI\u1ea2I \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u00e2u 1 N\u1ed9i dung 0,5 G\u1ecdi p, n, e l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t proton, notron, electron c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed 0,5 nguy\u00ean t\u00f3 X. Theo b\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f3: 0,5 0,5 p n e 40 M\u1ed7i PTHH p e n 12 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,25 M\u00e0 p = e 2p n 40 p 13 2p n 12 n 14 \u0111i\u1ec3m V\u1eady p = e = 13, n = 14 440 T\u00ean X l\u00e0 nh\u00f4m, KHHH: Al C\u00e2u 2 (1) CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaCl (2\u0111) (2) CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 C\u00e2u 3 (3) Ca(HCO3)2 to CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O (4) CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (5) CaO + CO2 CaCO3 (6) CaCO3 to CaO + CO2 (7) CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2 (8) Ca(NO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaNO3 S\u1ed1 mol FeS2 l\u00e0 : 18 0,15 mol 120 S\u1ed1 mol Ba(OH)2 l\u00e0 2.0,125 = 0,25 (mol) 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","PTHH: to 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 0,5 0,3 mol 4FeS2 + 11O2 0,5 0,15 mol 0,5 Ta c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7: T = nSO2 0,3 1,2 0,5 n 0,25 0,25 Ba OH 0,5 0,25 2 0,25 0,25 V\u00ec 1 < 1,2 < 2 S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o ra 2 mu\u1ed1i 0,5 0,25 SO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO3 + H2O (1) aa a mol 0,5 0,25 2SO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HSO3)2 (2) 0,5 b mol bb 2 441 2 v\u00e0 n b mol \u0110\u1eb7t n SO2 1 a mol SO2 2 a b 0,3 a 0,2 mol Ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 PT sau: a b 0,25 b 0,1 mol 2 Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh l\u00e0: mBaSO3 0,1.217 21,7 gam m 0,2 .299 29,9 gam Ba HSO3 2 2 C\u00e2u 4 a. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra, sau th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n (2\u0111) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c sinh ra ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a m\u00e0u \u0111en (Ag2O) C\u00e2u 5 (2\u0111) PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 AgNO3 + NaOH AgOH + NaNO3 AgOH Ag2O + H2O b. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan \u0111i, dd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong. SO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HSO3)2 c. T\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng keo CO2 + NaAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 AlCl3 + 3NaAlO2 + 6H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl 1\/ Tr\u00edch m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh STT t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng - Nh\u1ecf dd phenolphtalein v\u00e0o 4 m\u1eabu th\u1eed tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y h\u00f3a h\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0 NaOH (nh\u00f3m 1) - Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 HCl v\u00e0 H2SO4 (nh\u00f3m II) - Cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m 1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m II n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u1eafng th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m I l\u00e0 Ba(OH)2, ch\u1ea5t \u1edf nh\u00f3m II l\u00e0 H2SO4 Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2H2O - C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 NaOH v\u00e0 HCl. 2\/ - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeSO4 - H\u00f3a l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c O2 2NaCl + 2H2O \u00f1pdd 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 co\u00f9ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","4FeS2 + 11O2 to 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 2SO2 + O2 to,V2O5 2SO3 SO3 + H2O H2SO4 Fe2O3 + 3H2 to 2Fe + 3H2O Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 0,25 0,25 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Fe(OH)3 0,5 0,5 Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O 0,5 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)3 + Na2SO4 0,5 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf NaHSO4 0,25 SO3 + NaOH NaHSO4 0,25 C\u00e2u 6 - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng, d\u01b0: 442 (2\u0111) 2Al + 6H2SO4 to Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O C\u00e2u 7 (2\u0111) Cu + 3H2SO4\u0111 to CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4\u0111 to 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O dung d\u1ecbch B g\u1ed3m Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v\u00e0 H2SO4 d\u01b0. - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0: 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O Cu + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 Dung d\u1ecbch C ch\u1ee9a AlCl3, FeCl2 v\u00e0 CuCl2 v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn D: Cu Kh\u00ed E l\u00e0 H2 - Cho C t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng NaOH d\u01b0 CuCl2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a F l\u00e0 Cu(OH)2, Fe(OH)2 - Nung F ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed Cu(OH)2 to CuO + H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 to 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 CuO, Fe2O3. - Cho CO d\u01b0 qua G CuO + CO to Cu + CO2 Fe2O3 + 3CO to 2Fe + 3CO2 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn H l\u00e0 Fe, Cu. G\u1ecdi CT c\u1ee7a oxit c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0 RxOy RxOy + yCO to xR + yCO2 (1) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \u2192 CaCO3 + H2O (2) 7 V\u00ec Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 n\u00ean nCO2 nCaCO3 100 0,07 mol 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","Theo PTHH (1): nO trong oxit nCO2 = 0,07 mol 0,25 0,25 mO trong oxit = 0,07.16 = 1,12 gam 0,25 0,25 mR trong oxit = 4,06 \u2013 1,12 = 2,94 gam 0,25 Cho kim lo\u1ea1i R t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl 0,25 2R + 2nHCl 2RCln + nH2 (3) 0,5 1,176 0,0525 mol 0,5 0,5 n 0,5 Ta c\u00f3: H2 22,4 443 Theo (3): nR 2 nH2 0,105 mol n n M R . 0,105 2,94 M R 28n n V\u1edbi n = 2 th\u00ec R = 56 (Fe) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nFe = 0,0525 mol C\u00e2u 8 x : y = nFe : nO 0,0525: 0,07 3: 4 (2\u0111) V\u1eady CT oxit c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0 Fe3O4 - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o H2O, ta l\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 BaCO3 v\u00e0 BaSO4 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 KCl, MgCl2. - Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111em s\u1ee5c CO2 v\u00e0 H2O cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u00ec BaCO3 tan ra do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch thu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaSO4 tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch \u0111em nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaCO3 tinh khi\u1ebft Ba(HCO3)2 \u2192 BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O - Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch \u1edf tr\u00ean ta cho KOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: MgCl2 + 2KOH Mg(OH)2 + 2KCl L\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mg(OH)2 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 KCl v\u00e0 KOH d\u01b0. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn cho v\u00e0o dd HCl d\u01b0 r\u1ed3i \u0111em c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MgCl2 Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch cho HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c KCl tinh khi\u1ebft KOH + HCl KCl + H2O C\u00e2u 9 S\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a H2SO4 l\u00e0: 0,3V1 (2\u0111) S\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a NaOH l\u00e0: 0,4V2 S\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Al l\u00e0: 0,54 0,02 mol 27 Ta c\u00f3: V1 + V2 = 0,6 l\u00edt V\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch A sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: H2SO4 d\u01b0 PTHH: H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O 0,2V2 0,4V2 mol S\u1ed1 mol H2SO4 d\u01b0 l\u00e0: 0,3V1 \u2013 0,2V2 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O 0,02 0,03 mol Ta c\u00f3: 0,3V1 - 0,2V2 = 0,03. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi (1) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 PT: V1 V2 0,6 V1 0,3 0,3V1 0,2V2 0,03 V2 0,3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: NaOH d\u01b0 PTHH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 0,02 0,02 Ta c\u00f3: 0,4V2 - 0,6V1 = 0,02. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi (1) ta c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 PT: V1 V2 0,6 V1 0,22 V2 0,38 0,4V 0,6V 0, 02 21 C\u00e2u 10 1\/ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: Gi\u00e1 s\u1eaft, k\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n, l\u01b0\u1edbi amiang, b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, buret b\u1ea7u 0,5 (2\u0111) 0,5 (ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00ea), n\u00fat cao su, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh tam gi\u00e1c. 0,5 0,5 2\/ H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: mu\u1ed1i sunfit (Na2SO3), axit (dd H2SO4) ho\u1eb7c Cu, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) to CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O 3\/ Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m (NaOH ho\u1eb7c Ca(OH)2) l\u00e0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi SO2 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec7ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u00ed tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. SO2 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2SO3 + H2O Ho\u1eb7c: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \u2192 CaSO3 + H2O 4\/ D\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh, khi gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u th\u00ec d\u1eebng thu kh\u00ed. PH\u00d5NG GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N HUY\u1ec6N S\u00d3C S\u01a0N N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2020 - 2021 M\u00d4N: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C (\u0110\u1ec1 thi c\u00f3 02 trang) Ng\u00e0y thi: 28\/10\/2020 Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u I (5 \u0111i\u1ec3m): 1. T\u1ea1i sao v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng? 2. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: a. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch axit clohidric v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t \u00edt b\u1ed9t s\u1eaft (III) oxit, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9. b. Nh\u1ecf v\u00e0i gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng 1ml dung d\u1ecbch natri hidroxit v\u00e0 \u0111un \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n. c. Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch bari hidroxit v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch amoni sunfat, \u0111un nh\u1eb9. C\u00e2u II (6 \u0111i\u1ec3m): 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m BaO, FeO, Al2O3. H\u00f2a tan trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch D v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B. S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a. Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E, Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, th\u1ea5y tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G, H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft G trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z, Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh B, D, E, G, Y, Z. 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 444","2. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, Y ( trong \u0111\u00f3 X1, X2, X3, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 mu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a natri) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sau: - X1 ho\u1eb7c X3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t X2 \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO2. - X1 ho\u1eb7c X2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t Y \u0111\u1ec1u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u0103ng. - X3 ho\u1eb7c Y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t X3 Bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n Mx1 + MX3 = 190; Mx1 + MY = 365, Mx1 + MY = 343; MY + Mx2 = 379 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1, X2, X3, Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. C\u00e2u III (2,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) C\u00f3 3 b\u00ecnh m\u1ea5t nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p dung d\u1ecbch sau: BaCl2 v\u00e0 NaOH; NaAlO2v\u00e0 Na2CO3, BaCl2 v\u00e0 NaCl. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft 3 b\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed CO2 l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, (L\u01b0u \u00fd: kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebb b\u1ea3ng) C\u00e2u IV (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m): Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u00f3i BaO, MgO, CuO? C\u00e2u V (1,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m): Cho 54,8 gam Ba v\u00e0o 500 gam dung d\u1ecbch CuSO4 4% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed A v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B. a. T\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed A sinh ra \u1edf \u0111ktc? b. L\u1ea5y B r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn? C\u00e2u VI (3,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m): H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ba kim lo\u1ea1i Zn, Cu v\u00e0 Ag v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 lo\u00e3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,344 l\u00edt kh\u00ed A (\u1edf \u0111ktc) h\u00f3a n\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B. L\u1ea5y \u00bd dung d\u1ecbch B cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaCl d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,1525 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D. Cho dung d\u1ecbch D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T. Nung T \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,8 gam ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 gam m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u Cho: Ba = 137, O = 16. Cu = 64, S = 32. Ag =108, Zn= 65, H = 1, Cl = 35,5. Na = 23. C = 12. C\u00e2u H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN CH\u1ea4M \u0110i\u1ec3m N\u1ed9i dung 0,25 C\u00e2u 1 (3,5 1\/ (0,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) V\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 0,25 \u0111i\u1ec3m) - Canxi oxit c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 canxi oxit trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng , canxi oxit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00ed cacbon \u0111ioxit t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 0,25 0,25 cacbonat. 0,25 0,25 CaO + CO2 CaCO3 0,25 Ngo\u00e0i ra, CaO c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m m\u1ea1nh. 0,25 2. (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 0,25 a. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Fe2O3 b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan t\u1ea1o dung d\u1ecbch m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u. 0,25 Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Fe2O3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl sinh ra mu\u1ed1i s\u1eaft (III) clorua 445 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u. Fe2O3 + 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O b. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan m\u00e0u xanh, \u0111un n\u00f3ng sinh ra ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn m\u00e0u \u0111en. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng (II) sunfat t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch natri hidroxit t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e0 Cu(OH)2. \u0110un n\u00f3ng Cu(OH)2 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh ra ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn CuO m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Cu(OH)2 to CuO + H2O 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u00ed m\u00f9i khai 0,5 Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa bari hidroxxit v\u00e0 amoni sunfat t\u1ea1o ra 0,25 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan BaSO4 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed NH3 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i khai. 0,25 (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 BaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 0,25 C\u00e2u II 1. (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 0,25 (6 \u0111i\u1ec3m) - H\u00f2a tan A trong n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 0,25 BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2 0,25 Al2O3 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(AlO2)2 + H2O 0,25 0,25 Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan B g\u1ed3m: FeO, Al2O3 d\u01b0 (do E tan 1 ph\u1ea7n trong dung d\u1ecbch 0,25 NaOH d\u01b0) Dung d\u1ecbch D ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t tan l\u00e0 Ba(AlO2)2 0,25 - S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o D 0,25 0,25 Ba(AlO2)2 + CO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + Ba(HCO3)2 0,25 - Cho kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 qua B nung n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 1,0 0,5 FeO + CO to Fe + CO2 0,5 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn E g\u1ed3m Fe v\u00e0 Al2O3 0,5 - Cho E t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: 0,5 Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O 0,25 Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn G l\u00e0 Fe. 0,25 0,25 - H\u00f2a tan h\u1ebft G trong l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 0,25 0,25 Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 0,25 Kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 H2 0,25 Dung d\u1ecbch Z l\u00e0 FeSO4 v\u00e0 H2SO4 d\u01b0. 0,25 2. (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 0,25 0,25 C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X1: Na2CO3, X2: NaHSO4, X3: NaHCO3, Y: Ba(HCO3)2 M\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t Na2CO3 + 2NaHSO4 2Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O t\u00e1ch ra 446 NaHCO3 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 BaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 Ba(HCO3)2 + 2NaHSO4 BaSO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O + Na2SO4 C\u00e2u III - L\u1ea5y 1 \u00edt h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u1eabu th\u1eed. S\u1ee5c t\u1eeb t\u1eeb kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed. - M\u1eabu th\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, sau \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tan t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch trong su\u1ed1t (2,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m BaCl2 v\u00e0 NaOH. CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ba(HCO3)2 - M\u1eabu th\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan khi CO2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec nh\u1eadn ra dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m NaAlO2 v\u00e0 Na2CO3 NaAlO2 + 2H2O + CO2 Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 - C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m BaCl2 v\u00e0 NaCl C\u00e2u IV - D\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m BaO, MgO, CuO \u0111un n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (3 \u0111i\u1ec3m) ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m BaO, MgO, Cu CuO + CO to Cu + CO2 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","- Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu kh\u00f4ng tan. \u0110\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Cu trong O2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuO. \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m Cu + O2 to 2CuO 0,25 BaO + 2HCl BaCl2 + H2O 0,25 0,25 MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O 0,25 0,5 - Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi l\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m BaCl2, MgCl2 v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,25 0,25 nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfp dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0. 0,25 447 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O MgCl2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl - L\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MgO. Mg(OH)2 to MgO + H2O - Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch sau khi l\u1ecdc (g\u1ed3m BaCl2, NaCl, NaOH) r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaO. BaCl2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaCl BaCO3 to BaO + H2O C\u00e2u V a. S\u1ed1 mol c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: nBa 54,8 0,4 mol 137 (1,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 4.500 n 0,125 mol CuSO4 100.160 Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2 (1) 0,4 0,4 0,4 mol Ba(OH)2 + CuSO4 BaSO4 + Cu(OH)2 (2) 0,125 0,125 0,125 0,125 mol T\u1eeb (1,2), CuSO4 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ebft v\u00e0 Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 s\u1ed1 mol: 0,4 \u2013 0,125 = 0,275 mol T\u1eeb (1), ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed A (H2): VA = vH2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 (l\u00edt) b. T\u1eeb (2) ta c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a B g\u1ed3m BaSO4 (0,125 mol) v\u00e0 Cu(OH)2 (0,125 mol) Cu(OH)2 to CuO + H2O 0,125 0,125 mol BaSO4 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m BaSO4 v\u00e0 CuO thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: C\u00e2u VI mcr = 0,125.233 + 0,125.80 = 39,125 gam C\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra: (3,5 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 3Zn + 8HNO3 3Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O (1) x x 2x mol 3 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O (2) y y 2y mol 3 3Ag + 4HNO3 3Ag(NO3)2 + NO + 4H2O (3) z z z mol 3 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0","Kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 NO G\u1ecdi s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Zn,Cu, Ag trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 x, y, z Sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1), (2), (3) s\u1ed1 mol NO thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: 2x + 2y + z = 1,344 0,06 mol 2x + 2y + z = 0,18 (*) 0,25 3 3 3 22,4 0,25 Dung d\u1ecbch B g\u1ed3m Zn(NO3)2: x mol; Cu(NO3)2: y mol; AgNO3: z mol 0,25 L\u1ea5y \u00bd dung d\u1ecbch B cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaCl d\u01b0 0,25 0,25 AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 (4) 0,25 z\/2 z\/2 mol 0,25 Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i v\u00e0 theo (4), ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol AgCl k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a l\u00e0: 0,25 0,25 z 2,1525 0,015 z 0,03(**) 0,25 2 143,5 0,25 Dung d\u1ecbch D g\u1ed3m Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2(y\/2 mol); NaNO3, NaCl d\u01b0 Cho dung d\u1ecbch D t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0. Zn(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 (5) Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O (6) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 (7) (8) y\/2 y\/2 mol K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a T l\u00e0 Cu(OH)2 Nung T \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i Cu(OH)2 to CuO + H2O y\/2 y\/2 mol T\u1eeb (7) v\u00e0 (8) ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 CuO Theo \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i, s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a CuO l\u00e0 y 1,8 0,0225 y 0,045 (***) 2 80 T\u1eeb (*) (**) v\u00e0 (***) r\u00fat ra x = 0,03 mZn = 0,03.65 = 1,95 gam mCu = 0,045. 64 = 2,88 gam mAg = 0,03. 108 = 3,24 gam ---------------------------H\u1ebft------------------------ PH\u00d5NG GI\u00c1O D\u1ee4C V\u00c0 \u0110\u00c0O T\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN H\u1eccC SINH GI\u1eceI C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N HUY\u1ec6N NGH\u0128A \u0110\u00c0N N\u0102M H\u1eccC 2020 - 2021 M\u00d4N: H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 9 \u0110\u1ec0 CH\u00cdNH TH\u1ee8C (\u0110\u1ec1 thi c\u00f3 02 trang) Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m b\u00e0i: 150 ph\u00fat (kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian giao \u0111\u1ec1) C\u00e2u 1. (6 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. C\u00f3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m NaCl, CuO, Al2O3, Fe2O3 h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u00f3. 2. C\u00f3 6 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 ch\u1eeda ri\u00eang c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch sau: Natri nitrat, canxi clorua, natri sunfat, \u0111\u1ed3ng(II) clorua, kali cacbonat, bari nitrat. Khi tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau: 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 448","Dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 3 Dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 6 Dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 2 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 3 Dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 2 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 6 Dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 4 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng 6. H\u00e3y l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o? Bi\u1ebft dung d\u1ecbch trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m 2 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3. C\u00e2u 2. (7 \u0111i\u1ec3m) 1. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m Al v\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 0,18 :1,02, Cho A tan trong dung d\u1ecbch NaOH v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch B v\u00e0 0,672 l\u00edt H2 (\u0111ktc). Cho B t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi 200ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a D. Nung D \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3,57g ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. T\u00ednh CM c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng? 2. Cho m gam h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Na2CO3 v\u00e0 KHCO3 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i th\u00eam r\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1eeb cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft 150ml dung d\u1ecbch HCl 1M v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,008 l\u00edt kh\u00ed (\u1edf \u0111ktc) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch A. Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch A th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 29,55 gam k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. T\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t trong m? C\u00e2u 3. (4 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Ho\u00e0 tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p hai oxit l\u00e0 M2O v\u00e0 RO v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch, r\u1ed3i trung ho\u00e0 b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 dung d\u1ecbch HCl. \u0110em c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8,125 gam mu\u1ed1i khan. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i tr\u00ean sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,12 l\u00edt \u1edf \u0111ktc kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A g\u1ed3m hai kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu th\u00eam 0,685 gam Bari v\u00e0o A th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a Bari chi\u1ebfm 37,5% so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 mol c\u1ee7a B. Tim hai oxit tr\u00ean. C\u00e2u 4. (3,0 \u0111i\u1ec3m) Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng oxit axit t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111iphotpho pentaoxit v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: B\u00e0i 6- T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a oxit - axit \u1edf TN 2 a) N\u00eau c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (TN). b) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. c) N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. ------------------------------H\u1ebft--------------------------------- H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN CH\u1ea4M C\u00e2u N\u1ed9i dung \u0110i\u1ec3m C\u00e2u 1 6,0 1 Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,5 NaCl tinh khi\u1ebft. \u0110em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na. 2NaCl \u00f1pnc 2Na + Cl2 1,0 Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1ed1i \u0111a th\u00ec l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch \u0111em nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al2O3. - \u0110em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al. Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 to Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al2O3 \u00f1pnc 4Al + 3O2 - Cho nung Fe2O3 v\u00e0 CuO r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua. Cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0o 0,5 dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0. L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu. Fe2O3 + 3CO to 2Fe + 3CO2 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0 449","CuO + CO to Cu + CO2 Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2 Cho dd NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung ngo\u00e0i 0,5 3,0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i dduwwocj Fe2O3, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe. 4,0 1,0 FeCl2 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + H2O 1,0 1,0 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 to Fe2O3 + 4H2O 1,0 Fe2O3 + 3CO to 2Fe + 3CO2 450 2 1. Ba(NO3)2 2. CaCl2 3. Na2SO4 4. CuCl2 5. NaNO3 6. C\u00e2u 2 K2CO3 Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed cho m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dd kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sau: NaNO3 CaCl2 Na2SO4 CuCl2 K2CO3 Ba(NO3)2 NaNO3 CaCl2 Na2SO4 CuCl2 K2CO3 Ba(NO3)2 Theo \u0111\u1ec1: \u1ed1ng 6 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng 1, 2 v\u00e0 4 \u1ed1ng 6 l\u00e0 K2CO3 \u1ed0ng 2 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi K2CO3, AgNO3 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng 3 \u1ed1ng 2 l\u00e0 CaCl2 \u1ed0ng 3 l\u00e0 Na2SO4 \u1ed0ng 3 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi CaCl2 v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng 1 \u1ed1ng 1 l\u00e0 Ba(NO3)2 \u1ed0ng 6 t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u1edbi 4 \u1ed1ng 4 l\u00e0 CuCl2 V\u1eady \u1ed1ng 5 l\u00e0 NaNO3 1. 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O nH2 = 0,03 \u21d2 nAl = 0,02 \u21d2 mAl = 0,54g \u21d2 mA l 2O3 = 0, 54.1, 02 = 3,06 gam \u21d2 n = 0,03 mol 0,18 Al2O3 b\u0111 B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 Al \u21d2 nNaAlO2 nAl 2nAl2O3 b\u0111 = 0,08 mol nA l 2O3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c = 3,57 = 0,035 \u21d2 n OH = 0,07 mol 102 Al 3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: NaAlO2 + HCl + H2O \u2192 Al(OH)3 + NaCl \u21d2 n n = 0,07 C 0,07 0,35M HCl Al OH MHCl 0,2 3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: NaAlO2 + HCl + H2O \u2192 Al(OH)3 + NaCl 0,08 \u2190 0,08 \u2190 0,08 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + H2O (0,08 \u2013 0,07) \u2192 0,03 20 \u0110\u1ec0 THI CH\u1eccN HSG C\u1ea4P HUY\u1ec6N \u2013 C\u1ea4P TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ed0"]
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