LUYỆN-SÁCH CHINH PHỤC HÓA 9

["Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + 2H2O Cho Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi oxi d\u01b0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0: Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O Dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0: H2SO4d\u01b0 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O FeSO4 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2\uf0af + Na2SO4 L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu(OH)2. C\u00e2u 4. Cho c\u00e1c kh\u00ed Cl2, H2, O2. a) Kh\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: - Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch. - Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. b) Kh\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu theo c\u00e1ch sau? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. - \u0110\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u00fap b\u00ecnh hay ng\u1eeda b\u00ecnh). - \u0110\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: - Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Cl2 v\u00e0 H2 Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 MnO2 + 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O - Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 O2. 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 b) - Kh\u00ed H2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u00fap b\u00ecnh) v\u00ec kh\u00ed H2 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. - Kh\u00ed O2 v\u00e0 Cl2 thu b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (ng\u1eeda b\u00ecnh) v\u00ec kh\u00ed O2 v\u00e0 Cl2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. - Kh\u00ed H2 v\u00e0 O2 thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n Cl2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 5. a) T\u1eeb kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n (NaCl) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Cu(OH)2. b) Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00ed clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi MnCl2. Khi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee5c qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi thu v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a kh\u00ed. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch thu kh\u00ed clo trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) C\u00e1c PTHH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Cu(OH)2 t\u1eeb mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, kim lo\u1ea1i Cu v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae\u00f1ie\u00e4n pha\u00e2n dd 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 co\u00f9ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean Cu + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuCl2 CuCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 4HCl + MnO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 51","- Axit H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed clo. - V\u00ec kh\u00ed clo kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u01b0\u1edbc clo n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Do kh\u00ed clo n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ecnh. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo, kh\u00ed sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee5c qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00ed HCl), sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc) r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a clo mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eady b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat (xem h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda \u1edf b\u00ean). C\u00e2u 6. Kh\u00ed oxi \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed oxi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: KClO3, KMnO4, H2O, CO2 v\u00e0 ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2\/ C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra: 2KClO3 \uf0be\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae 2KCl + 3O2 \uf0ad MnO2 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2n\uf0ae 2H2 \uf0ad + O2 \uf0ad 6nCO2 + 5nH2O \uf0bec\uf0behaa\u00f9n\u00e1t\uf0behdisea\u00e4\uf0bep\u00f9nglu\u00efc\uf0be\uf0ae ( C6H10O5 ) n + 6nO2 \uf0ad L\u01b0u \u00fd: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i KClO3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c MnO2 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. C\u00e2u 7. Cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau: Bi\u1ebft sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch Br2 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u. A v\u00e0 B t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: (1) Zn v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl; (2) Al4C3 v\u00e0 H2O; (3) FeS v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl; (4) CaCO3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl; (5) Na2SO3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean, vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Kh\u00ed t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 H2, CH4, H2S, CO2, SO2. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed H2S v\u00e0 SO2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch brom n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p s\u1ed1 (3) v\u00e0 (5) th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng : FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad (3) H2S + 4Br2 + 4H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 + 8HBr (5) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O SO2 + 2H2O + Br2 \uf0ae H2SO4 + 2HBr CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 52","C\u00e2u 8. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: a) Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u1edf h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: CO2, NH3, HCl, CH4, O2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. b) M\u1ed7i kh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t A th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u1edf h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed: CO2; CH4; O2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: C\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng tan ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f2n kh\u00ed NH3, HCl tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CO2: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae CaO + CO2 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CH4: CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beaO,\uf0beto \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CH4 - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf O2: 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 C\u00e2u 9. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0ae a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t X, ch\u1ea5t Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. b) T\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed CO2 theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean? N\u00eau c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft khi kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh E. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Tuy\u00ean Quang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) B\u00ecnh 1 \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3; b\u00ecnh 2 \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c. CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O Kh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m CO2, H2O v\u00e0 HCl \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua b\u00ecnh 1 \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf HCl. NaHCO3 + HCl \u2192 NaCl + CO2 + H2O Kh\u00ed \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh 1 c\u00f2n CO2 v\u00e0 H2O \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn qua b\u00ecnh 2 \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed \u0111i ra. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 53","b) Do kh\u00ed CO2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ( dCO2\/kk \uf03d 44 \/ 29 \uf0bb 1,52 ) n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Th\u1eed CO2 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng que \u0111\u00f3m \u0111ang ch\u00e1y, que \u0111\u00f3m t\u1eaft nhanh th\u00ec CO2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u 10. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed Z t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Y Dung d\u1ecbch Y Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X Z Cho b\u1ea3ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau: Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1 2 345 6 Dung d\u1ecbch Y HCl\u0111\u1eb7c HCl KOH HCl HCl HCl Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X MnO2 CaCO3 NH4Cl Al4C3 Al MnO2 v\u00e0 BaSO3 Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed Z Cl2 CO2 NH3 CH4 H2 Cl2 a. Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean? V\u00ec sao? b. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, em h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn dung d\u1ecbch trong b\u00ecnh 1 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh 2 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Z tinh khi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 TN3, TN4, TN5 v\u00ec c\u00e1c kh\u00ed Z thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean g\u00e2y th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n thu, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n thu tan m\u1ea1nh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 NH3. Ri\u00eang th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 6 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Cl2 v\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau: 4HCl + MnO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ad + 2H2O 2HCl + BaSO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCl2 + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad SO2 + Cl2 + 2H2O \u2192 H2SO4 + 2HCl (kh\u00ed \u0111i ra l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kh\u00ed SO2, Cl2,..) \uf076 C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: TN1, TN2 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 1: + PTHH: 4HCl\u0111\u1eb7c + MnO2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ad + 2H2O + B\u00ecnh 1: Dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a: \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00ed HCl c\u00f3 l\u1eabn trong kh\u00ed Cl2 + B\u00ecnh 2: Dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed Cl2 Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m 2: + PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad + B\u00ecnh 1: Dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3: \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed HCl c\u00f3 l\u1eabn trong kh\u00ed CO2 NaHCO3 + HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + H2O + H2O + B\u00ecnh 2: Dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed CO2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 54","C\u00e2u 11. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Cu, Na2SO3, S, FeS2, H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng. a) H\u00e3y l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. b) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ( \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeda hay \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m) hay \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc ? T\u1ea1i sao ? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Cao B\u1eb1ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O b. Thu SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed (\u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda b\u00ecnh) do kh\u00ed SO2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00fat b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh SO2 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc do SO2 tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 12. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c, NaCl, H2O, MnO2, KMnO4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u00e0 Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed clo: 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae2Na + Cl2\uf0ad 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0bec\uf0beo\u00f9 m\uf0be\u00f1ap\u00f8ndg\uf0bedng\uf0bea\u00ean\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2\uf0ad + Cl2\uf0ad MnO2 + 4HCl(\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2\uf0ad + 2H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl(\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2\uf0ad + 8H2O. C\u00e2u 13. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc). a. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00ed Z c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y: SO2, Cl2, CH4, H2? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. b. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t X v\u00e0 Y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z (\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf a). Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. c. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch thu kh\u00ed Z (\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf a) nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd, kh\u00ed Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do \u0111\u00f3 Z ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tan ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (n\u1ebfu thu kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thu v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 cho (SO2, Cl2, CH4, H2), Z c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 CH4 ho\u1eb7c H2 (SO2 v\u00e0 Cl2 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tan kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc). b. - Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 1: Z l\u00e0 CH4 \uf0de X v\u00e0 Y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 Al4C3 12HCl + Al4C3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 \uf0ad - Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p 2: Z l\u00e0 H2 \uf0de X v\u00e0 Y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl v\u00e0 Zn 2HCl + Zn \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 \uf0ad CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 55","L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t Z tr\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t X, Y kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111i\u1ec3m. c. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1ch thu kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00ed CH4 v\u00e0 H2 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u1ec9 kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 2 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh thu kh\u00ed \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c (nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh b\u00ean). C\u00e2u 14. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y: Cl2; SO2; NH3; O2. \u2013 X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X? \u2013 Vi\u1ebft PTHH \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng tan ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \uf0de Ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 O2; ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X l\u00e0 KMnO4 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2\uf0ad C\u00e2u 15. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed (Y) t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (X). a) H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc? Vi\u1ebft 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed (Y), ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). b) Khi ng\u01b0ng thu kh\u00ed ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 an to\u00e0n? V\u00ec sao? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Long, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) - Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed O2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc : 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2KClO3 \uf0beM\uf0benO\uf0be2 ,t0\uf0be\uf0ae 2KCl + 3O2 b) Khi ng\u01b0ng thu kh\u00ed ta r\u00fat \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u1eadu n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n v\u00ec n\u1ebfu t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ebd h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m do \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111ang n\u00f3ng g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 56","C\u00e2u 16. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m CaCO3 v\u00e0 CaSO3. a) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u00ecnh r\u1eeda kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc brom d\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y: n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong, thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm? b) Kh\u00ed Y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo em b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed X g\u1ed3m: CO2, SO2. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0: CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad CaSO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0: CO2. Do SO2 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc brom theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc brom b\u1eb1ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm v\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed SO2 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O \uf0ae K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4 Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i trong d\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u1ea3 CO2 v\u00e0 SO2 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 + H2O b) D\u1eabn kh\u00ed Y (CO2) c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc qua b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00ec h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong b\u00ecnh. Thu kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed Y (CO2) tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e2u 17. Z l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf theo h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau: Dung d\u1ecbch X Kh\u00ed Z \uf0ae Tinh th\u1ec3 Dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i Y KMnO4 - Bi\u1ebft X, Y, Z l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z. 57 - N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0","- Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Z l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a axit trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \uf0de kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0: SO2 + X, Y, Z l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \uf0de X l\u00e0 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c; Y l\u00e0 Na2SO3; kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0: SO2 + Kh\u00ed SO2 qua dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 th\u00ec b\u00ecnh KMnO4 m\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 5SO2 \uf02b 2KMnO4 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 2H2SO4 + C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0: H2SO4 \uf02b Na2SO3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 \uf02b H2O \uf02b SO2 5SO2 \uf02b 2KMnO4 \uf02b 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae K2SO4 \uf02b 2MnSO4 \uf02b 2H2SO4 C\u00e2u 18. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: NH4HCO3, KMnO4, Al4C3, NaClO, CaC2, dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. Vi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed (\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i NH4HCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae NH3 + CO2 + H2O NH4HCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O NH4HCO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + NH3 + 2H2O 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O NaClO + 2HCl \uf0ae NaCl + Cl2 + H2O Al4C3 + 12HCl \uf0ae 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 Al4C3 + 12H2O \uf0ae 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4 CaC2 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + C2H2 CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2H2 + O2 (Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n) \u25cf Ghi ch\u00fa: Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c O3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u0111rocacbon \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00ed C\u00e2u 19. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed oxi trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: a. \u0110\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed oxi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (2) th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m quay l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Em h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y. b. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed oxi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3. (1) B\u00f4ng (2) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean: 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo\uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 +O2\u2191 a. \u1ed0ng nghi\u1ec7m (2) th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m quay l\u00ean tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu kh\u00ed oxi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeda v\u00ec: kh\u00ed oxi n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean kh\u00ed oxi CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 58","tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (2) chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. b. C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c thu kh\u00ed oxi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed oxi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec oxi \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: - Cho \u0111\u1ea7y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o l\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu oxi r\u1ed3i \u00fap ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecd trong ch\u1eadu th\u1ee7y tinh ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc. - \u0110\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ecd, kh\u00ed oxi tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn do \u00edt tan s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1y l\u1ecd v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc ra - Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y ra h\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00ed oxi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y, l\u1ea5y l\u1ecd ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn l\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y oxi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m C\u00e2u 20. T\u1eeb Fe, S, dung d\u1ecbch HCl. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed hidro sunfua H2S theo hai c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau (d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7) (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hai c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2S t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean. C\u00e1ch 1: Fe + S \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FeS (1) FeS + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 +H2S (2) C\u00e1ch 2: (3) Fe + 2HCl \u2192 FeCl2 + H2 (4) H2 + S \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae H2S C\u00e2u 21. 1. N\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra khi cho m\u1ea3nh kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o: a) Dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee5c O2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. b) Dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng. 2. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t CuSO4 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? T\u1ea1i sao? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1. a) Cho m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee5c O2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c: - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tan d\u1ea7n, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0u xanh lam. Do \u0111\u1ed3ng Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi O2 t\u1ea1o CuO, sau \u0111\u00f3 CuO t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2Cu + O2 \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O \uf0de 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4 \uf0ae 2CuSO4 + 2H2O (1) b) Cho m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111un n\u00f3ng: - Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng tan d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 kh\u00ed m\u00f9i h\u1eafc tho\u00e1t ra, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh lam. - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Cu + 2H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2\u2191 + 2H2O (2) 2. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t CuSO4 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed O2 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00ec: - L\u01b0\u1ee3ng H2SO4 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. (\u1edf PTHH (1) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o 1 mol CuSO4 c\u1ea7n 1 mol H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng trong khi \u1edf PTHH (2) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o 1 mol CuSO4 c\u1ea7n 2 mol H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c) - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (2) sinh ra kh\u00ed SO2 m\u00f9i x\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9c; g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u01b0a axit. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 59","C\u00e2u 22. X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen (nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 phi kim, nh\u00f3m VII trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n). Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a PVC, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Gia - ven\u2026 a. Cho bi\u1ebft X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o? S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u00ednh phi kim theo chi\u1ec1u t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 X, F, S. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. b. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf X2 t\u1eeb NaX(tinh th\u1ec3); H2O; MnO2 (r\u1eafn); dung d\u1ecbch HX \u0111\u1eb7c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Cho bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed X2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Kon Tum, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. X l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 clo (Cl) S\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 theo chi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh phi kim t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n: S, Cl, F Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chu k\u00ec \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh phi kim t\u0103ng. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m A \u0111i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ednh phi kim gi\u1ea3m. \u0110i t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i S \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Cl trong chu k\u00ec 2 n\u00ean t\u00ednh phi kim c\u1ee7a S y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n Cl. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Cl v\u00e0 F \u1edf c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m VIIA, Cl \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi F n\u00ean t\u00ednh phi kim c\u1ee7a Cl y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n F. b. 2NaCl \uf0be\u0111\uf0bepnc\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2\u2191 (1) 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae\u00f1ie\u00e4n pha\u00e2n dung d\u00f2ch co\u00f9 ma\u00f8ng nga\u00ean 2NaOH + Cl2\u2191 + H2\u2191 (2) MnO2(r\u1eafn) + 4HCl\u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2\u2191 + 2H2O (3) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed Cl2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: Khi kh\u00ed clo thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00ed hidro clorua v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n d\u1eabn kh\u00ed clo l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh r\u1eeda kh\u00ed ch\u1ee9a dung d\u1ecbch NaCl (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef kh\u00ed HCl), v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c (\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc). Mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh n\u00fat ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat tr\u00e1nh kh\u00ed clo (\u0111\u1ed9c) tho\u00e1t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Do: Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 th\uf0be\u00f6\u00f4\u00f8ng\uf0be\uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O C\u00e2u 23. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: FeS2, Cu, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuSO4. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1eafc N\u00f4ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 2SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0beV\uf0be2O\uf0be5\uf0be,45\uf0be0\uf0be\uf02d5\uf0be0\uf0be00C\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 SO3 + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae H2SO4 Cu + 2H2SO4\u0111\u1eb7c \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O Ho\u1eb7c: (2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 60","C\u00e2u 24. Hai t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1eafk N\u00f4ng, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1eb7ng boxit (Al2O3.Fe2O3.SiO2). T\u1eeb boxit ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i Al v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Boxit \uf0bed\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2ch\uf0beNa\uf0beOH \uf0bed\u00f6\uf0ae Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X + dung d\u1ecbch Y S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a R. R \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Q \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\u00e2n\uf0beno\u00f9n\uf0begcha\uf0be\u00fby\uf0ae Al X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, R ,Q v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1eafc N\u00f4ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i + Boxit \uf0bed\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2ch\uf0beNa\uf0beOH \uf0bed\u00f6\uf0ae Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X + dung d\u1ecbch Y Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O L\u01b0u \u00fd: SiO2 tan ch\u1eadm trong trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng, tan d\u1ec5 trong ki\u1ec1m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng tan trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m lo\u00e3ng. Theo gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft cho l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn X kh\u00f4ng tan g\u1ed3m: Fe2O3, SiO2 Dung d\u1ecbch Y g\u1ed3m NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0 + S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Y t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a R. CO2 d\u01b0 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2 d\u01b0 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a R l\u00e0 Al(OH)3 R \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Q \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\u00e2\uf0ben no\uf0be\u00f9ng c\uf0beha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Al 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O Q l\u00e0: Al2O3 2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\u00e2\uf0ben no\uf0be\u00f9ng c\uf0beha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 C\u00e2u 25. Cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed X t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch Z nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: a) X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: H2; SO2; CO2; HCl; NH3; Cl2; H2S; NO2? V\u00ec sao? b) Ch\u1ecdn h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Y, Z th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t X \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u1edf tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1ebfn Tre, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: SO2, CO2, Cl2, H2S, NO2 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eeda b\u00ecnh; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111un n\u00f3ng. b) * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf SO2: Y l\u00e0 Na2SO3, K2SO3\u2026; Z l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl (lo\u00e3ng), H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) Na2SO3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NaCl + SO2\u2191+ H2O * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CO2: Y l\u00e0 Na2CO3, \u2026; Z l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl (lo\u00e3ng), H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + CO2\u2191 + H2O * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Cl2: Y l\u00e0 KMnO4, KClO3, CaOCl2\u2026; Z l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl \u0111\u1eb7c 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \u2192 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2\u2191 CaOCl2 + 2HCl \u2192 Cl2\u2191 + CaCl2 + H2O * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2S: Y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i sunfua nh\u01b0 CaS, FeS, Na2S\u2026 Y l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit HCl (lo\u00e3ng), H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 61","CaS + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + H2S\u2191 FeS + 2H2SO4 (lo\u00e3ng) \u2192 FeSO4 + H2S\u2191 * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf NO2: Y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Cu, Ag \u2026; Y l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch axit HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng Cu + 4HNO3 (\u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng)\u2192 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2\u2191 +2H2O C\u00e2u 26. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd: a.Kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean. b. N\u00eau t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl. T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00ed Y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean T\u00e2y Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Kh\u00ed Y l\u00e0 H2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2: Zn + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 \u2191 b. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i HCl bay ra. Kh\u00ed H2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u00ec H2 l\u00e0 kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00e2u 27. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuSO4 t\u1eeb Cu v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuCl2 t\u1eeb Cu(NO3)2 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean An Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuSO4 t\u1eeb Cu: - C\u00e1ch 1: Cho Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00ed O2 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + H2SO4 \uf0ae CuSO4 + H2O - C\u00e1ch 2: Cho Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng) Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 \uf0ad + 2H2O * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuCl2 t\u1eeb Cu(NO3)2: 3Cu + 8HCl + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae 4CuCl2 + 4H2O + 2NO \uf0ad C\u00e2u 28. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Al, Fe t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9a Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaCO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: Al2O3 + NaOH \u0111\u1eb7c,t0 dd + CO2 (d\u01b0) t0 Al2O3 \u0111pnc Al Fe2O3 d\u01b0 r\u1eafn: CaCO3, Fe2O3 Al(OH)3 CaCO3 t0 Fe2O3 + H2O dd + H2 (t0) CaO Fe2O3 Fe Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 62","CO2 + 2H2O + NaAlO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 \uf0af CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepn\uf0bec\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O C\u00e2u 29. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t sau: FeS2, CuS, Na2O. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, x\u00fac t\u00e1c,...). H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t FeSO4, Cu(OH)2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2H2O \uf0bed\uf0bep\uf0ae 2H2 + O2 4FeS2 + 11O2 \u2192 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 2SO2 + O2 \uf0beV\uf0be2O5\uf0be,t0 \uf0ae 2SO3 SO3 + H2O \u2192 H2SO4 Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O Fe + H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng \u2192 FeSO4 + H2 2CuS + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2CuO + 2SO2 CuO + H2SO4 \u2192 CuSO4 + H2O Na2O + H2O \u2192 2NaOH CuSO4 + 2NaOH \u2192 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 C\u00e2u 30. T\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng pirit s\u1eaft, natri clorua, oxi, n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: s\u1eaft(II) sunfat, s\u1eaft(II) clorua, s\u1eaft(III) clorua, s\u1eaft(III) hi\u0111roxit, natri sunfit, natri hi\u0111rosunfat. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i *\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeSO4: 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u0111\uf0bep,m\uf0be.n\uf0ae 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae8SO2 + 2Fe2O3 2SO2 + O2 \uf0beV\uf0be2t\uf0be0O5\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 SO3 + H2O \uf0ae H2SO4 Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O Fe + H2SO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + H2 * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeCl2, FeCl3, Fe(OH)3 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae 2FeCl3 2FeCl3 + Fe \uf0ae 3FeCl2 63 FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0af + 3NaCl * \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Na2SO3 v\u00e0 NaHSO4 SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0","NaOH + H2SO4 \uf0ae NaHSO4 + H2O ( Ho\u1eb7c : NaCl (r) + H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0ae NaHSO4 + HCl (k)) C\u00e2u 31. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft PTHH \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: a) Natri cacbonat. b) Natri hi\u0111rocacbonat. c) Canxi clorua. d. N\u01b0\u1edbc gia-ven. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i C\u00e1c PTHH CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 \u0111pnc 2 NaCl + 2 H2O \uf0ae 2 NaOH + H2\uf0ad + Cl2 \uf0ad CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 H2 + Cl2 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae 2HCl (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c HCl) 2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2 H2O (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na2CO3) NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaHCO3) Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + 2H2O (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CaCl2) 2NaOH + Cl2 \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc gia-ven) C\u00e2u 32. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda sau \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed SO2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. 1. N\u00eau t\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. 2. Vi\u1ebft 2 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t A, B. 3. N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch D, vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda. 4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00ed SO2. 5. Cho 2 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 CaO r\u1eafn. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed SO2. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? 6. B\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed hi\u0111roclorua. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: Gi\u00e1 s\u1eaft, k\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n, l\u01b0\u1edbi amiang, b\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, buret b\u1ea7u (ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00ea), n\u00fat cao su, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, b\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y tinh tam gi\u00e1c. - H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: mu\u1ed1i sunfit (Na2SO3), axit (dd H2SO4) ho\u1eb7c Cu, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O Cu + 2H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng) \uf0ae CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O - Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m (NaOH ho\u1eb7c Ca(OH)2) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi SO2 khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec7ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u00ed tr\u00e0n ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O Ho\u1eb7c: SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 + H2O - D\u00f9ng gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n mi\u1ec7ng b\u00ecnh, khi gi\u1ea5y qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u th\u00ec d\u1eebng thu kh\u00ed. - D\u00f9ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 SO2 v\u00ec axit \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi SO2. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CaO v\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 CaO h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi SO2. - NaCl (r\u1eafn) + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng) \uf0ae NaHSO4 + HCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 64","Ho\u1eb7c: 2NaCl (r\u1eafn) + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c, n\u00f3ng) \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2HCl C\u00e2u 33. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd sau m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z: a. N\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Z. b. L\u1ea5y hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed Z, r\u1ed3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh ho\u1ea1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc: - Kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. - Kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. b. - Kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0 H2 \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn X l\u00e0 HCl lo\u00e3ng; Y l\u00e0 Zn. 2HCl + Zn \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 - Kh\u00ed Z l\u00e0 SO2 \uf0de Ch\u1ecdn X l\u00e0 H2SO4; Y l\u00e0 Na2SO3 Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 C\u00e2u 34. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng kh\u00ed H2 kh\u1eed oxit kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: Nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c oxit X t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng sau: MgO, Fe3O4, Al2O3, CuO, CaO? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i + C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i Fe v\u00e0 Cu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean. + PTHH Zn+ 2HCl \u2192 Zn+ H2 Fe3O4+ 4H2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0ae 3Fe + 4 H2O CuO+ H2 \uf0bet\uf0beoC\uf0ae Cu+ H2O C\u00e2u 35. Trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1eabn kh\u00ed clo \u1ea9m v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh A c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ea5y qu\u00ec t\u00edm kh\u00f4. D\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: a) \u0110\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a K. b) M\u1edf kh\u00f3a K. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 65","Cl2 \u1ea9m K H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c B\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dd NaOH A Qu\u00ec t\u00edm kh\u00f4 (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Long An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016-2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) \u0110\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a K: qu\u00ec t\u00edm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u v\u00ec H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00ed v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh A l\u00e0 kh\u00ed clo kh\u00f4 b) M\u1edf kh\u00f3a K: qu\u00ec t\u00edm chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng oxi h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a axit hipoclor\u01a1 HClO. Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO C\u00e2u 36. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed Dung d\u00f2ch HCl nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Cl2 t\u1eeb Bo\u00e2ng ta\u00e5m dung d\u00f2ch NaOH MnO2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl. MnO2 B\u00ecnh (2) B\u00ecnh (3) a) H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh B\u00ecnh (1) ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Cl2 (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n). b) Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u00ecnh (1) (\u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a); b\u00ecnh (2) (\u0111\u1ef1ng dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 n\u00fat b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u1edf b\u00ecnh (3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014-2015) Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf clo. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i -Ptp\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: MnO2 + 4HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0be0\uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ad + 2H2O - B\u00ecnh NaCl h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed HCl, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan Cl2 n\u00ean kh\u00ed \u0111i ra l\u00e0 Cl2 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u00ecnh H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed \u0111i ra l\u00e0 Cl2 kh\u00f4. H2SO4 + nH2O \uf0ae H2SO4.nH2O B\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho kh\u00ed Cl2 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed9c) nh\u1edd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 66","C\u00e2u 37. a) H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. H\u00e3y cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa t\u1eeb (1) \u2013 (5) tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd ghi nh\u1eefng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec. b) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu kh\u00ed axetilen tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00ec? V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i thu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014-2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (1) H2O; (2) C2H2; (3) CaC2; (4) dung d\u1ecbch NaOH; (5) H2O - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc. - \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00ec C2H2 \u00edt tan v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e2u 38. a. H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed g\u00ec c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed hi\u0111roclorua? b. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015-2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a. H\u00ecnh n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh tan t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed HCl. b. Do HCl tan nhi\u1ec1u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed trong b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u1eadu phun l\u00ean theo \u1ed1ng vu\u1ed1t. C\u00e2u 39. Kh\u00ed X \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nung n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: a. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y: NaHCO3 (1); NH4Cl v\u00e0 CaO (2); CH3COONa, NaOH v\u00e0 CaO (3); KMnO4 (4) th\u00ec kh\u00ed X sinh ra trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 67","ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thu kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda)? b. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, v\u00ec sao \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (1) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp nghi\u00eang v\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0103n Ch\u00e1nh \u2013 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Kh\u00ed X ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tan ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \uf0de R\u1eafn A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: NaHCO3,(CH3COONa, CaO, NaOH), KMnO4 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad CH3COONa + NaOH \uf0bet\uf0be0 (C\uf0beaO)\uf0be\uf0ae CH4 \uf0ad + Na2CO3 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad C\u00e1c kh\u00ed X l\u00e0 CO2, CH4 v\u00e0 O2 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 thu CO2, CH4, O2 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc. (NH4Cl v\u00e0 CaO) sinh ra kh\u00ed NH3 tan t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo c\u00e1ch d\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc: NH4Cl + CaO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaCl2 + NH3 \uf0ad + H2O b) Mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (1) h\u01a1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed7 \u0111un n\u00f3ng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong PTN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea9m n\u00ean khi \u0111un sinh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t mi\u1ec7ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1y th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (\u0111ang n\u00f3ng) s\u1ebd g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ee1 (n\u1ee9t) \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e2u 40. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u2013 sai trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch): a) R\u1eafn X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 KMnO4. b) R\u1eafn X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p KClO3 v\u00e0 MnO2. c) R\u1eafn X c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 NaCl. d) Kh\u00ed Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 O2. e) Kh\u00ed Y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Cl2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Theo h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda th\u00ec kh\u00ed A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c kh\u00ed A thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean kh\u00ed A ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1eafn X b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n n\u00ean \uf0ae X l\u00e0 KMnO4 ho\u1eb7c (KClO3 + MnO2). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c. Kh\u00ed Cl2 tan kh\u00e1 t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ( \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 200C, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,5 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed clo) \uf0ae lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn e. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sai: c, e CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 68","C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang: a, b, d \uf0ae X: KMnO4 ho\u1eb7c (MnO2 + KClO3) Y: O2 C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2KMnO4 \uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad 2KClO3 2KCl\uf0be\uf0bet0\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae + 3O2 \uf0ad MnO2 C\u00e2u 41. Dung d\u1ecbch Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean. a) T\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X,Y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, n\u00eau Kh\u00ed X hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. b) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 Na2SO3 B\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u00ean b\u1eb1ng dung tinh th\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch Y d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ? T\u1ea1i L\u01b0\u1edbi amiang N\u01b0\u1edbc brom sao ? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Amsterdam \u2013 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ch\u1ecdn X: SO2 ; Y: NaOH ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c. \u2013 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Khi cho H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ec3 Na2SO3 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc tho\u00e1t ra. H2SO4 + Na2SO3 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad Khi d\u1eabn kh\u00ed X (SO2) v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc brom nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u) SO2 + 2H2O + Br2 \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 \u0110\u1ec3 SO2 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng b\u00f4ng t\u1ea9m dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O b) C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eb7c, kh\u00ed X v\u1eabn l\u00e0 SO2 v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc brom v\u1eabn nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u. Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + SO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 42. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed axetilen (C2H2) trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. H\u00e3y n\u00eau d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axetilen trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Tr\u1ea7n Ph\u00fa \u2013 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 69","*D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: B\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u, ph\u1ec5u qu\u1ea3 l\u00ea, b\u1ed9 d\u1eabn kh\u00ed, ch\u1eadu th\u1ee7y tinh, \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, b\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1p (b\u00ecnh r\u1eeda kh\u00ed). *H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: (1) H2O, (2): CaC2; (3): dung d\u1ecbch NaOH; (4): kh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (C2H2), v\u00e0 Ch\u1eadu TT \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. * PTHH \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H2 CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae C2H2 \uf0ad + Ca(OH)2 C\u00e2u 43. N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u1ebd h\u00ecnh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (trong b\u00e0i 38 axetilen \u2013 SGK h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 9). Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed axetien tinh khi\u1ebft. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 2- \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf C2H2 trong PTN: \uf0b7 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p: Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \uf0b7 M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed axetilen trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \uf0b7 Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u2013 \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CaC2 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 CaS .... Khi cho \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n sinh ra C2H2, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc (do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn), m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed t\u1ea1p H2S, PH3 ... l\u00e0m cho kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \uf0ad CaS + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + H2S \uf0ad \u2013 D\u1eabn kh\u00ed qua b\u00ecnh NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed t\u1ea1p (nh\u01b0 H2S, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc): H2S + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2S + 2H2O \u2013 Thu kh\u00ed C2H2 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec C2H2 \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e2u 44. Cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu kh\u00ed v\u00f4 c\u01a1 Z nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd b\u00ean: a) H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn X v\u00e0 Y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed Z kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. b) Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kh\u00ed Z khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u2013 \u0110ak L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Ch\u1ecdn 4 ch\u1ea5t Z l\u00e0: SO2, Cl2, HCl, NO2 \uf0de dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 r\u1eafn Y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: (H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, Fe); (MnO2, Cl2); (H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, NaCl), (HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c, Fe). CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 70","Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 6H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + 2Fe \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 3SO2 \uf0ad (kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u) 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c + MnO2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beun \uf0benhe\uf0be\u00ef\uf0ae MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 \uf0ad (m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c) H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c + NaClr\u1eafn \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae NaHSO4 + HCl \uf0ad (kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u) 6HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c + Fe \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O + 3NO2 \uf0ad (m\u00e0u n\u00e2u) b) C\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1edbp b\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea9m x\u00fat (NaOH) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 kh\u00ed, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NO2 (n\u00e2u), Cl2(v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c) n\u00ean quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y khi m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00e0n l\u00ean t\u1edbi mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f4i v\u1edbi SO2, HCl \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u n\u00ean trong l\u1edbp b\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea9m v\u00e0i g\u1ecdt qu\u1ef3 t\u00edm (c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m) n\u1ebfu m\u00e0u xanh chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u 45. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed Y t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch X. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y? (1) \u0110un n\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 dung d\u1ecbch HCl \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c v\u1edbi MnO2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed clo. (2) \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m CH3COONa, NaOH v\u00e0 CaO thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed metan. (3) \u0110un n\u00f3ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic v\u00e0 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf 1700C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed etilen. (4) \u0110un n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i \u1edf 10000C thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed cacbonic. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 TP H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2016 - 2017) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ta th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u00f3ng (dung d\u1ecbch X) \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed sinh ra (kh\u00ed Y) kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt tan). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn: V\u00ec nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kh\u00ed Y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc (kh\u00ed Y r\u1ea5t \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tan). V\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m (3) l\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. C2H5OH \uf0beH\uf0be21S7\uf0beO040C\u00f1\uf0bea\u00ebc\uf0ae C2H4 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 71","C\u00e2u 46. Cho h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf oxi trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: - Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. - V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu kh\u00ed oxi b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc? - V\u00ec sao mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ef1ng KMnO4 l\u1eafp h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang xu\u1ed1ng? - N\u00eau vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u00f4ng kh\u00f4? - Khi d\u1eebng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m n\u00ean t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u00e1o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc? T\u1ea1i sao? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng : 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad -Thu kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec kh\u00ed O2 r\u1ea5t \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. - Mi\u1ec7ng \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m thu kh\u00ed h\u01a1i ch\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng (th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1y) nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: + Kh\u00ed gi\u00fap O2 d\u1ec5 tho\u00e1t ra h\u01a1n (v\u00ec kh\u00ed O2 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). + Tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra (do thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm \u1ea9m), ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1y \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m (\u0111ang n\u00f3ng) g\u00e2y n\u1ee9t, v\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. - B\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u1ea9m) v\u00e0 ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng cho thu\u1ed1c t\u00edm tho\u00e1t ra theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed. - Th\u00e1o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec (t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n tr\u01b0\u1edbc) th\u00ec \u00e1p su\u1ea5t trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3m, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb ch\u1eadu tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m g\u00e2y v\u1ee1, n\u1ee9t \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e2u 47. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, 3 kh\u00ed X, Y, Z \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y: Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Du \u2013 \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i (c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn mi\u1ec5n sao th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n : X nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n KK, Y n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n KK, Z \u00edt tan\/ n\u01b0\u1edbc) Ch\u1ecdn X: H2 ; Y : O2 ; Z: C2H2 Zn + 2HCl \uf0ae ZnCl2 + H2 \uf0ad 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 \uf0ad CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 48. T\u00ecm 8 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 khi cho 8 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl th\u00ec c\u00f3 8 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau tho\u00e1t ra. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014). H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn 8 ch\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: Fe, FeS, CaCO3, KMnO4, Na2SO3, CaC2, KNO2, Al4C3, Na2O2, Na3N, Ca3P2,\u2026 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 72","- Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra: Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 \uf0ad FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + SO2 \uf0ad + H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 \uf0ad + 8H2O 2Na2O2 + 4HCl \uf0ae 4NaCl + O2 \uf0ad + 2H2O Na3N + 3HCl \uf0ae 3NaCl + NH3 \uf0ad Ca3P2 + 6HCl \uf0ae 3CaCl2 + 2PH3 \uf0ad 3KNO2 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + KNO3 + 2NO \uf0ad + H2O CaC2 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + C2H2 \uf0ad Al4C3 + 12HCl \uf0ae 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 49. H\u00ecnh b\u00ean l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00ed trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. N\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed C b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y, l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 4 kh\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t A, B t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed C. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed C l\u00e0 kh\u00ed C ph\u1ea3i \u00edt tan ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00ed C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 CH4, H2, CO2, C2H2,\u2026 ABC Al4C3 HCl CH4 Zn H2SO4 H2 CaCO3 H2SO4 CO2 CaC2 H2O C2H2 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Al4C3 + 12HCl \uf0ae 4AlCl3 + 3CH4 Zn + H2SO4 \uf0ae ZnSO4 + H2 CaCO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + C2H2 C\u00e2u 50. H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft 17 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau) bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf mu\u1ed1i. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i 1 Kim lo\u1ea1i + phi kim Cu + Cl2 \uf0ae CuCl2 2 Kim ko\u1ea1i + axit 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2 3 Kim lo\u1ea1i + mu\u1ed1i Fe + CuSO4 \uf0ae FeSO4 + Cu 4 Kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hi\u0111roxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh + 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 baz\u01a1 5 Oxit baz\u01a1 + axit MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O 6 Oxit baz\u01a1 + oxit axit CaO + CO2 \uf0ae CaCO3 7 Oxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh + baz\u01a1 ZnO + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2ZnO2 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 73","8 Oxit axit + mu\u1ed1i SiO2 + Na2CO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2SiO3 + CO2 NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O 9 Baz\u01a1 + axit Al(OH)3 + NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2 + 2H2O 10 Baz\u01a1 + hi\u0111roxit l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh 2NaOH + CuSO4 \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 11 Baz\u01a1 + mu\u1ed1i 2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O 12 Baz\u01a1 + oxit axit 2NaOH + Cl2 \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O 13 Baz\u01a1 + Halogen 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 14 Mu\u1ed1i + phi kim Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O 15 Mu\u1ed1i + axit NaCl + AgNO3 \uf0ae AgCl + NaNO3 16 Mu\u1ed1i + mu\u1ed1i 17 Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n mu\u1ed1i 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 C\u00e2u 51. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3: Kh\u00ed CO2, b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch chia, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH, pipet, \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Na2CO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i D\u00f9ng pipet h\u00fat l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch NaOH cho v\u00e0o 3 b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea1ch chia th\u00ec d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i (gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u1ea1ch chia n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed sao cho th\u1ec3 t\u00edch dung d\u1ecbch NaOH nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 50% dung t\u00edch b\u00ecnh) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaOH b\u1eb1ng nhau. C\u00e1ch 1: Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 \u0110\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a NaHCO3 l\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i h\u1ebft thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na2CO3 khan. 2NaHCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O C\u00e1ch 2: Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hai: NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 Sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed5 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u1edf b\u00ecnh 3 v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf b\u00ecnh 2: NaHCO3 + NaOH \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O \u0110\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9a Na2CO3 \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00ean gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 \u0111un n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc bay h\u01a1i h\u1ebft thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na2CO3 khan. C\u00e2u 52. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t NaOH ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n x\u1ed1p gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c. a) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. b) S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1eabn NaCl, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch NaOH tinh khi\u1ebft (bi\u1ebft SNaOH > SNaCl). c) Cho bi\u1ebft SNaCl \u1edf 25oC b\u1eb1ng 36 gam. H\u00e3y t\u00ednh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dung d\u1ecbch NaCl b\u00e3o h\u00f2a c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 t\u1ea5n dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 40%, bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 90%. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiem\u00e4n\uf0beap\u00f8nhga\uf0ben\u00e2ngdau\uf0be\u00eannxgod\uf0be\u00e1p\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 b) Do SNaOH > SNaCl n\u00ean khi l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch, NaCl s\u1ebd k\u1ebft tinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft tinh ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n). c) Trong 1 t\u1ea5n dung d\u1ecbch NaOH 40% c\u00f3 mNaCl \uf03d 1.40% \uf03d 0,4ta\u00e1n Ta c\u00f3: n NaCl \uf03d nNaOH \uf03d 0, 4.106 \uf03d 0,01.106 mol 40 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 74","\uf0de mdd NaCl ba\u00f5oho\u00f8a \uf03d 0,01.106.58,5.136 .100 \uf03d 2,455ta\u00e1n 106.36 90 C\u00e2u 53. Kh\u00ed A c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, m\u00f9i h\u1eafc. Kh\u00ed A n\u1eb7ng g\u1ea5p 2,4482 l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. \u1ede 20oC m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0 tan 2,5 l\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed A. a) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf A trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. b) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc khi cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ea5t sau: Fe, dung d\u1ecbch FeSO4, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (lo\u00e3ng ngu\u1ed9i), dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 \u2013 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf A: Ta c\u00f3: MA \uf03d 2, 4482.29 \uf0bb 71 \uf0de Kh\u00ed A l\u00e0 clo - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Cl2 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O 2KClO3 r\u1eafn + 6HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae 2KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O MnO2 + 4HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Cl2 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiem\u00e4n\uf0beap\u00f8nhga\uf0ben\u00e2ngdau\uf0be\u00eannxgod\uf0be\u00e1p\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2 b) Cho A t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t: Fe, dung d\u1ecbch FeSO4, dung d\u1ecbch NaOH (lo\u00e3ng ngu\u1ed9i), dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3. 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2FeCl3 Cl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + NaClO + H2O 6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2Fe2(S O4)3 + 2FeCl3 Khi cho Cl2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 th\u00ec Cl2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O t\u1ea1o ra axit HCl, sau \u0111\u00f3 NaHCO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit HCl: Cl2 \uf02b H2O \u00a0 HCl \uf02b HClO NaHCO3 \uf02b HCl\u00a0\uf0ae NaCl \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O C\u00e2u 54. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m: Cu kim lo\u1ea1i, dung d\u1ecbch axit clohi\u0111ric, \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, than \u0111\u00e1. H\u00e3y n\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p (vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: a) CuCl2. b) Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0 C2H2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CuCl2: 2HCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 Cu + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuCl2 b) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0 C2H2: CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 CaO + 3C \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaC2 + CO CaC2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Ca(OH)2 + CH \uf0ba CH CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 75","C\u00e2u 55. T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u Fe3O4, h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: a) FeCl2 (r\u1eafn). b) FeCl3 (r\u1eafn). Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT N\u0103ng Khi\u1ebfu \u2013 Tp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2006 - 2007) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeCl2 (r\u1eafn): Fe3O4 + 4CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 3Fe + 4CO2 Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch, HCl v\u00e0 H2O bay h\u01a1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FeCl2 (r\u1eafn) b) Cho FeCl2 v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FeCl3 (r\u1eafn) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 C\u00e2u 56. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc (ghi r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf m\u1ed7i oxit sau b\u1eb1ng ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau: CO2, SO2. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c oxit tr\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf CO2 CaCO3 \uf02b 2HCl \u00a0\uf0ae CaCl2 \uf02b CO2 \uf0ad \uf02b H2O (1) C + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CO2 (2) CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 (3) - \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf SO2 S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 (4) 4FeS2 + 11O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 (5) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O (6) Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (1) v\u00e0 (6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c oxit tr\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00e2u 57. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn 4 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 khi cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Mg + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2 \uf0ad FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O 2KMnO4 + 16HCl (\u0111\u1eb7c ) \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 \uf0ad + 8H2O C\u00e2u 58. Vi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o ra HCl t\u1eeb Cl2 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau (c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2 kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cl2 + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2HCl Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO Cl2 + CH4 \uf0bea\uf0bes\uf0ae CH3Cl + HCl Cl2 + SO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HCl + H2SO4 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 76","C\u00e2u 59. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: KClO3, FeS, Fe v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch HCl, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. a) H\u00e3y vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 5 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau. b) Cho 5 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf 5 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau: 2KClO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2KCl + 3O2 \uf0ad FeS + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2S \uf0ad Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 \uf0ad 2KClO3 r\u1eafn + 6HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0ae 2KCl + 3Cl2 \uf0ad + 3H2O S + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae SO2 \uf0ad b) Cho 5 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed tr\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nhau t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t: SO2 + 2H2S \uf0ae 3S + 2H2O 2SO2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0bet\uf0beo,\uf0bep\uf0be,V\uf0be2\uf0beO\uf0be5\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2SO3 2H2S + 3O2 (d\u01b0) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2SO2 + 2H2O 2H2S + O2 (thi\u1ebfu) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2S + 2H2O 2H2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2H2O C\u00e2u 60. Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sau: Cl2, O2, NO, NH3, SO2, CO2, H2, C2H4. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch? M\u1ed7i kh\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p ch\u1ea5t A v\u00e0 B th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3? (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed C nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd th\u00ec kh\u00ed C ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ( MC \uf03e Mkho\u00e2ngkh\u00ed ) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed 29 \uf0de c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00ed Cl2, SO2, CO2, O2. - Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl \uf0ae 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O 2H2O2 \uf0beM\uf0benO\uf0be2 \uf0ae 2H2O + O2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 \u0110I\u1ec0U CH\u1ebe CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 77","CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 3: T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 A. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P GI\u1ea2I B\u00c0I T\u1eacP I - NGUY\u00caN T\u1eaeC 1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau (l\u1ecfng \u2013 r\u1eafn, l\u1ecfng \u2013 kh\u00ed, r\u1eafn \u2013 kh\u00ed) th\u00ec t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. 2. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng tan v\u00e0o nhau th\u00ec t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. 3. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. 4. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nhau. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00ed (c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, th\u0103ng hoa, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5,\u2026), t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t,\u2026 II - T\u00c1CH C\u00c1C CH\u1ea4T RA KH\u1eceI H\u1ed6N H\u1ee2P B\u1eb0NG PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P V\u1eacT L\u00cd 1. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P CH\u01a2NG C\u1ea4T - Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u01a3ng c\u1ea5t: Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 h\u01a1i (chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecfng) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. - C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01a3ng c\u1ea5t: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. - N\u1ed9i dung ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01a3ng c\u1ea5t: Khi \u0111un s\u00f4i m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ecfng, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1nh, h\u01a1i s\u1ebd ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sau khi \u1ee7 men r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc, etanol (r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic) v\u00e0 b\u00e3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Etanol s\u00f4i \u1edf 78,3oC n\u00ean khi \u0111em ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t (n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u etanol h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng etanol gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd. a) \u0110\u00e8n c\u1ed3n; b) B\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh; c) Nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf; d) \u1ed0ng sinh h\u00e0n; e) N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh; g) B\u00ecnh h\u1ee9ng \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: - N\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i cao th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5u thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i th\u1ea5p. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd gi\u00e0u h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u00f4i cao. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 78","- C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i h\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh h\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p 2. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P CHI\u1ebeT - C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tan kh\u00e1c nhau trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c trong dung m\u00f4i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. Khi hai ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o nhau, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi. - N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft: D\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebft (ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft) t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0o nhau ra kh\u1ecfi nhau (chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng \u2013 l\u1ecfng). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn (chi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng \u2013 r\u1eafn). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sau khi ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t c\u00e2y s\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m l\u1edbp tinh d\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc. D\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebft s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbp tinh d\u1ea7u kh\u1ecfi l\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc (M\u1edf kh\u00f3a cho ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng v\u1eeba h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a l\u1ea1i ta t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ri\u00eang 2 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. a) L\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n b) L\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n c) Kho\u00e1 ph\u1ec5u chi\u1ebft. 3. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P K\u1ebeT TINH - C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft tinh: D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 tan kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. - N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft tinh: H\u00f2a tan ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00e0o dung m\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, l\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn trong dung d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd k\u1ebft tinh ra kh\u1ecfi dung d\u1ecbch theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1ch ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1eadm n\u01b0\u1edbc) - C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh k\u1ebft tinh: a) Ho\u00e0 tan b\u00e3o h\u00f2a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i b) L\u1ecdc n\u00f3ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan c) \u0110\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed9i cho k\u1ebft tinh d) L\u1ecdc h\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 thu tinh th\u1ec3 4. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P L\u1eccC C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p l\u1ecfng Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u00edt c\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00ed ta h\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00e1t v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tan v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng tan. Cho gi\u1ea5y l\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ph\u1ec5u, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 thu ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, \u0111em c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 79","5. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P T\u1eea T\u00cdNH C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb t\u00ednh: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb (b\u1ecb nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat) ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb (M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 Fe, Fe3O4,\u2026). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang Fe v\u00e0 Cu ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00ed ta d\u00f9ng thanh nam ch\u00e2m (\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecdc nilon m\u1ecfng), ch\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u00ean h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Do s\u1eaft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb n\u00ean b\u1ecb h\u00fat v\u00e0o thanh nam ch\u00e2m, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u00fat do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb. L\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eaft ri\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang. 6. PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P L\u1eaeNG G\u1ea0N C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ph\u01a3\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng g\u1ea1n: D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c nhau ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ed9t CuO b\u1ecb l\u1eabn b\u1ed9t than. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang b\u1ed9t CuO ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00ed ta cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c, th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o, khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i l\u1eafng g\u1ea1n. L\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, b\u1ed9t than nh\u1eb9 s\u1ebd tr\u00f4i theo n\u01b0\u1edbc ra ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ed9t CuO ch\u00ecm xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuO b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc. III. T\u00c1CH C\u00c1C CH\u1ea4T RA KH\u1eceI H\u1ed6N H\u1ee2P B\u1eb0NG PH\u01a2\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P H\u00d3A H\u1eccC 1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch B \uf0ecA Pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng ta\u00f9ch A \uf0ee\uf0edB AX Pha\u00fbn \u00f6\u00f9ng ta\u00f9i ta\u00efo XY 2. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a3\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e3 m\u00e3n 3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau: - Ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch - S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p - T\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ebb t\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p th\u00ec h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t cho v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0 B. GI\u1ea2I CHI TI\u1ebeT C\u00c1C D\u1ea0NG B\u00c0I T\u1eacP C\u00e2u 1. C\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m kh\u00f4: H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, CaO. D\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 m\u1ed7i kh\u00ed \u1ea9m sau \u0111\u00e2y: SO2, O2, CO2, H2, H2S? H\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00f3. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u Ngh\u1ec7 An, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: SO2, O2, CO2. V\u00ec H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y. - CaO l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: O2, H2. V\u00ec CaO c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u00fat \u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: 2H2 + H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2H2O + SO2 H2S + 2H2SO4(\u0111\u1eb7c) \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2H2O + 3SO2 CaO + SO2 \u2192 CaSO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 80","CaO + CO2 \u2192 CaCO3 H2S + CaO \u2192 CaS + H2O C\u00e2u 2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed CO2 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn SO2, SO3, CO. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 d\u01b0, kh\u00ed CO2, SO2, SO3 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, kh\u00ed CO tho\u00e1t ra. CO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3\uf0af + H2O SO2 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaSO3\uf0af + H2O SO3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaSO4\uf0af + H2O L\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO2, SO2 BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + CO2\u2191 + H2O BaSO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + SO2 \u2191 + H2O D\u1eabn hai kh\u00ed CO2, SO2 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0, kh\u00ed SO2 b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, kh\u00ed tho\u00e1t ra l\u00e0 CO2 \u1ea9m. SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O \uf0ae 2HBr + H2SO4 L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 CO2 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho qua b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e2u 3. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Al2O3, CuO, Fe2O3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang 3 ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ed\uf0ecNaAlO2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0be2 d\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0eeNaOH d\u00ad \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edCAul2OO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0beOH \uf0bed\u00ad\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0efFe2O3 \uf0ecCuO \uf0ecCu Cu \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf0aeCuO \uf0ee\uf0edFe2O3 \uf0ee\uf0edFe \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beCO\uf0bed\u00ad,\uf0bet0 \uf0ae \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHC\uf0bel d\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ecFeCl2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa\uf0beOH \uf0bed\u00ad\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0betO0 2\uf0be\uf0ae Fe2O3 \uf0eeHCl d\u00ad Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3\uf0af + NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + CO2 Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2\uf0ad 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuO HCl + NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + H2O FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2\uf0af + 2NaCl 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 4Fe(OH)3 2Fe(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Fe2O3 + 3H2O Hay 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4 H2O C\u00e2u 4. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m FeCl3, AgCl, CaCO3, NaCl. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 81","C\u00e1ch 1: H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m FeCl3, AgCl, CaCO3 v\u00e0 NaCl v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y d\u01b0. L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X g\u1ed3m FeCl3, NaCl v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y g\u1ed3m AgCl, CaCO3. - Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafn X1 l\u00e0 Fe(OH)3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch X2 g\u1ed3m NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0 NaCl. FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaC + H\u00f2a tan r\u1eafn X1 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, \u0111un n\u00f3ng dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FeCl3, do HCl bay h\u01a1i. Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae FeCl3 + 3H2O + Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X2, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111un \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea1n ta s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaCl, do HCl bay h\u01a1i. NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O - Cho n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Y r\u1ed3i s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CO2 \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111em s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c AgCl. Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd Na2CO3 d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CaCO3. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3\uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 C\u00e1ch 2: dd FeCl3 \uf0bed\uf0bed N\uf0beaOH\uf0bed\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0af Fe(OH)3 \uf0bed\uf0bed H\uf0beCl d\uf0be\u00f6\uf0ae dd FeCl3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae FeCl3 NaCl HCl d\u00f6 FeCl3 AgCl \uf0beH\uf0be2O\uf0bed\u00f6\uf0ae dd NaOH d\u00f6 \uf0bed\uf0bed H\uf0beCl d\uf0be\u00f6\uf0ae dd NaCl \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae NaCl CaCO3 NaCl HCl d\u00f6 NaCl ra\u00e9n CaCO3 \uf0beH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf02b C\uf0beO2 d\uf0be\u00f6\uf0ae AgCl AgCl dd Ca(HCO3 )2 \uf0bed\uf0bed N\uf0bea2CO\uf0be3 \uf0ae CaCO3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: FeCl3 + 3NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae FeCl3 + 3H2O NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3\uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 C\u00e2u 5. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CaCl2, Al2O3, NaCl, CaO v\u00e0 CaCO3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi X, sao cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho X v\u00e0o H2O d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y. (ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 mol c\u1ee7a Al2O3 v\u00e0 CaO trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch X1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn Y1 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau) CaO + H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(AlO2)2 + H2O Y1 g\u1ed3m CaCO3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Al2O3; X1 g\u1ed3m CaCl2, NaCl v\u00e0 Ca(AlO2)2, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 Ca(OH)2 - Cho Y1 v\u00e0o NaOH d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a NaAlO2, NaOH d\u01b0; r\u1eafn Y2 l\u00e0 CaCO3. 2NaOH + Al2O3 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O - S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X2, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Al(OH)3 (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), nung Al(OH)3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafn Z l\u00e0 Al2O3. CO2 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0af + NaHCO3 82 2Al(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0","- S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o X1, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X3 ch\u1ee9a CaCl2, NaCl, Ca(HCO3)2 v\u00e0 r\u1eafn Y3 l\u00e0 Al(OH)3 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3: 2CO2 d\u01b0 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae Ca(HCO3)2 2CO2 + Ca(AlO2)2 + 4H2O \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2Al(OH)3 \uf0af + Ca(HCO3)2 - Nung Y3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eafn Z1 l\u00e0 Al2O3; g\u1ed9p Z (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) v\u1edbi Z1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al2O3 (gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). 2Al(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O - \u0110un n\u00f3ng X3,t\u1edbi khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X4 ch\u1ee9a CaCl2, NaCl v\u00e0 r\u1eafn Y4 l\u00e0 CaCO3. Ca(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae CaCO3 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O \uf0ad - Nung Y4 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CaO (gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). CaCO3 \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae CaO + CO2 \uf0ad - Cho X4 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi (NH4)2CO3 d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X5 ch\u1ee9a (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, NaCl v\u00e0 r\u1eafn Y5 l\u00e0 CaCO3 (NH4)2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NH4Cl - Cho Y5 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi HCl d\u01b0, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CaCl2 (gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 \uf0ad + H2O - C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n X5, nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NaCl (gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). (NH4)2CO3 \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae 2NH3 \uf0ad + H2O \uf0ad + CO2 \uf0ad NH4Cl \uf0be\uf0bet o \uf0ae NH3 \uf0ad + HCl \uf0ad C\u00e2u 6. Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 MgCl2 v\u00e0 CaSO4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi mu\u1ed1i \u0103n? Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean H\u1ea1 Long- Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H\u00f2a tan mu\u1ed1i \u0103n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i tan NaCl, MgCl2,CaSO4 - Cho BaCl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n g\u1ed1c (SO4) : CaSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + CaCl2 - L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 cho Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i MgCl2, CaCl2, BaCl2 d\u01b0. Na2CO3 + MgCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae MgCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl - L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 cho HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Na2CO3 d\u01b0. Na2CO3 + 2HCl d\u01b0 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad - C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i NaCl tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e2u 7. T\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u00f4m oxit v\u00e0 s\u1eaft (III) oxit, c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t sao cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00e0o Cai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ec \uf0ec NaAlO2 3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0bed\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae Al \uf0efdd \uf0ed NaOH \uf028 \uf029Al2O3 \uf0ed \uf0ee Fe2O3 \uf0fc \uf0be+\uf0bedd \uf0beNaO\uf0beH d\uf0beu \uf0ae \uf0be+\uf0beCO\uf0be2 du\uf0be\uf0ae Al OH \uf0fd \uf0fe \uf0ef\uf0eeFe2O3 \uf0be+\uf0beCO\uf0be\uf0ae Fe - Nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Al2O3 v\u00e0 Fe2O3, l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 83","Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O Fe2O3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe2O3 thu l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch (NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0) - R\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4, nung n\u00f3ng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan (Fe2O3) r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO d\u01b0 \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe. Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe + 3CO2 - Th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed CO2 d\u01b0 \u0111i qua ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch (NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0) \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n CO2 + NaOH \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2 + H2O + NaAlO2 \uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3\u2193 - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a (Al(OH)3) \u0111em r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i nung trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al2O3. 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + H2O - Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al 2Al2O3 \uf0bed\uf0bepnc\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 8. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9t g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: CaCO3, CaO, BaSO4, NaCl. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc minh h\u1ecda. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0b7 H\u00f2a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CaO + H2O \u2192 Ca(OH)2 \uf0de Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m CaCO3 v\u00e0 BaSO4; n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m Ca(OH)2 v\u00e0 NaCl \uf0b7 Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \uf0de CaO. D\u00f9ng HCl d\u01b0 trung h\u00f2a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaCl Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaOH CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae CaO + CO2\u2191 NaOH + HCl \u2192 NaCl + H2O Na2CO3 + 2HCl \u2192 2NaCl + CO2\u2191 + H2O \uf0b7 H\u00f2a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CaCO3 v\u00e0 BaSO4 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 BaSO4, l\u1ecdc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaSO4; th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CaCO3 CaCO3 + 2HCl \u2192 CaCl2 + CO2\u2191 + H2O Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl C\u00e2u 9. B\u1ed9t Cu b\u1ecb l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed9t Fe, Al. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed9t Cu. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean Lai Ch\u00e2u, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qua dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. L\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan, r\u1eeda nh\u1eb9, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu. Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2\uf0ad 2Al + 6HCl \uf0ae 2AlCl3 + 3H2\uf0ad C\u00e2u 10. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau: FeCl3, CaCO3, AgCl. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh chuy\u00ean V\u0129nh Long, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2020-2021) CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 84","H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i FeCl3 Dung d\u00f2ch : FeCl3 \uf0beC\uf0beo\u00e2 ca\uf0be\u00efn\uf0ae FeCl3 khan CaCO3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae Cha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n CaCO3, AgCl \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHC\uf0bel d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae dd : CaCl2; HCl d\u00f6 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beNa2\uf0beCO3\uf0bed\u00f6\uf0aeCha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n : CaCO3 AgCl Cha\u00e1t ra\u00e9n : AgCl PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O CaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaCl 2HCl + Na2CO3 \uf0ae NaCl + H2O + CO2 C\u00e2u 11. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng mu\u1ed1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m CuCl2, BaCl2 v\u00e0 AlCl3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i mu\u1ed1i. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean B\u1eafc Giang, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0efCBuaCCll22 \uf0ec\uf0af Cu(OH)2 \uf0bed\uf0bed HC\uf0bel d\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae dd CuCl2 , HCl \uf0bec\uf0be\u00abc\u00b9n\uf0be\uf0ae CuCl2 \uf0ef\uf0ef (2) \uf0ed \uf0ee\uf0efAlCl3 \uf0bed\uf0bed Na\uf0beOH\uf0bed\u00ad \uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0efdd:BaCl2 , NaAlO2, NaCl, NaOH (1) \uf0ec\uf0af Al(OH)3 \uf0bed\uf0bed HC\uf0bel d\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae dd AlCl3 , HCl \uf0bec\uf0be\u00ab c\u00b9n\uf0be\uf0ae AlCl3 \uf0ef\uf0ef (4) \uf0ed dd:BaCl2 , NaAlO2, NaCl, NaOH \uf0beC\uf0beO2 \uf0bed\u00ad\uf0ae \uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0efdd :NaCl, NaHCO3, BaCl2 (3) dd : BaCl2 , NaHCO3 , NaCl \uf0bed\uf0bed Na\uf0be2 CO\uf0be3 d\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0af BaCO3 \uf0bed\uf0bedH(4C\uf0be)ld\u00ad\uf0be\uf0ae dd BaCl 2 , HCl \uf0bec\uf0be\u00abc\u00b9n\uf0be\uf0ae BaCl2 (5) PTHH gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: + CuCl2 + 2NaOH \u2192 Cu(OH)2\u2193 + 2NaCl 4NaOH + AlCl3 \u2192 NaAlO2 + 3NaCl +2H2O Cu(OH)2+ 2HCl \u2192 CuCl2 +2H2O + NaOH+ CO2 \u2192 NaHCO3 NaAlO2 + CO2 +H2O \u2192 NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3\u2193 Al(OH)3+ 3HCl \u2192AlCl3 + 3H2O + BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \u2192 BaCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl BaCO3 + 2HCl\u2192 BaCl2 +CO2+ H2O C\u00e2u 12. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch mu\u1ed1i \u0103n c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t: Na2SO4, NaBr, MgCl2, CaSO4. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 (d\u01b0) v\u00e0o, t\u00e1ch mu\u1ed1i sunfat . BaCl2 + Na2SO4 \uf0ae BaSO4 \u2193 + 2NaCl CaSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \u2193+ CaCl2 L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a, l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc (NaCl, NaBr, MgCl2, CaCl2, BaCl2 d\u01b0 ). Th\u00eam dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc, t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a mu\u1ed1i Mg, Ca v\u00e0 Ba d\u01b0: Na2CO3 + MgCl2 \uf0ae MgCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + CaCl2 \uf0ae CaCO3 \u2193 + 2NaCl BaCl2 d\u01b0 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3\u2193 + 2NaCl L\u1ecdc b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a MgCO3, CaCO3, BaCO3, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc g\u1ed3m NaCl, NaBr, Na2CO3 d\u01b0. Cho HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i cacbonat Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2\u2191 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 85","S\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Cl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, lo\u1ea1i NaBr. Cl2 + 2NaBr \uf0ae 2NaCl + Br2 C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Br2, Cl2 v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0, ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 NaCl . C\u00e2u 13. C\u00f3 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Na, Ba, Fe, Cu. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p (kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n dd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cu, Fe NaOH + H2O\uf0be\uf0ae NaOH + 1\/2H2; Ba +2H2O \uf0be\uf0ae Ba(OH)2 +H2 Th\u1ed5i CO2 v\u00e0o dd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i \u0111un s\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ri\u00eang k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 dd NaOH+CO2\uf0be\uf0ae NaHCO3; Ba(OH)2+ 2CO2 \uf0be\uf0aeBa(HCO3)2 Ba(HCO3)2 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae BaCO3+CO2+H2O Cho ri\u00eang k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n 2 dd r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na, Ba ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t BaCl2 \uf0be\u0111\uf0be\uf0bepnc\uf0ae Ba + Cl2; 2NaCl \uf0be\u0111\uf0be\uf0bepnc\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 Ho\u00e0 tan Cu, Fe b\u1eb1ng dd HCl, l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dd FeCl2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe Fe + 2HCl\uf0be\uf0aeFeCl2+ H2; FeCl2 \uf0be\u0111\uf0bep\uf0bedd\uf0ae Fe + Cl2 (Ho\u1eb7c FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0aeFe(OH)2 \uf0be\uf0ae Fe(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0aeFe2O3\uf0be\uf0aeFe) C\u00e2u 14. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m Na2CO3, BaCO3, MgCO3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi HSG T\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017-2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - H\u00f2a tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dd Na2CO3. Cho dd Na2CO3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na. Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\uf0be\u00e4n \uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n\uf0beno\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0bech\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 - Nung BaCO3, MgCO3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 MgO, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a Ba(OH)2 \u0111em t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ba. BaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae BaO + CO2 MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + CO2 BaO+H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2+2HCl\uf0aeBaCl2 +2H2O BaCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\uf0be\u00e4n \uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n\uf0beno\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0bech\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Ba+Cl2 - Cho MgO t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dd HCl d\u01b0, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mg. MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O MgCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\uf0be\u00e4n \uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n\uf0beno\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0bech\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Mg + Cl2 C\u00e2u 15. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t sau ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m: BaCO3, BaSO4, KCl, MgCl2. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c PTHH x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 86","C\u00e2u 16. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Cu, Ag v\u00e0 Fe. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p? (C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2015 - 2016) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0b7 C\u00e1ch 1: \uf0ecCu, Ag \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0efFeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0ae Fe \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecCuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0eeFe \uf0ed \uf0efCu , Ag \uf0beO\uf0be2 (\uf0bet0 )\uf0be\uf0ae(CuO, Ag) \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae Cu \uf0ee\uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eeAg \uf0b7 C\u00e1ch 2: Cu, Fe \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bed\uf0bedF\uf0beeC\uf0bel3\uf0bed\uf0be\u00f6\uf0ae dd FeCl2 , FeCl3 \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beF\uf0bee d\uf0be\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0be\uf0be\u00f1p\uf0bedd\uf0be\uf0ae Fe Ag CuCl2 Cu, Fe \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bed\uf0bedH\uf0beC\uf0bel d\uf0be\u00f6\uf0ae DD Cu \uf0af Ag \uf0af \uf0b7 C\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch Fe kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ( V\u00ec Fe th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i), Sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1ch Cu, Ag t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang C\u00e2u 17. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng ch\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9a BaO, MgO v\u00e0 CuO. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 Gia Lai, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ae S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0ecCuO \uf0ef\uf0ecBa(OH)2(dd) \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bedd\uf0beNa\uf0be2CO\uf0be3 d\uf0be\u00f6 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af \uf0bet\uf0be0 (h\uf0beoa\u00f8n\uf0betoa\u00f8n\uf0be)\uf0ae BaO \uf0ef\uf0edMgO \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0eeBaO \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beH2\uf0beO \uf0bed\u00f6 \uf0ae \uf0ed \uf0be\uf02b\uf0beHt2\uf0be0 d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecCu \uf0be\uf02b\uf0bedd\uf0beHC\uf0bel d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ec\uf0efDD \uf0be+\uf0bedd\uf0beNa\uf0beOH\uf0bed\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 (h\uf0beoa\u00f8n\uf0betoa\u00f8n\uf0be)\uf0ae MgO \uf0ed\uf0eeMg \uf0efCuO, MgO \uf0ed \uf0be+\uf0beO2t\uf0be0 d\u00f6\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0eeCu \uf0ee\uf0ef CuO \u2013 H\u00f2a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m BaO, MgO, CuO v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng tan g\u1ed3m MgO, CuO. BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 \u2013 Cho dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ecdc k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c BaO. Ba(OH)2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaOH BaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae BaO + CO2 \uf0ad \u2013 D\u1eabn H2 d\u01b0 qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p MgO, CuO nung n\u00f3ng, h\u00f2a tan ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu. Ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a MgCl2. \u0110\u1ed1t Cu trong kh\u00ed O2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuO. CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae Cu + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 87","MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae 2CuO \u2013 Cho dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc (ch\u1ee9a MgCl2, HCl),l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a nung \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MgO. HCl + NaOH \uf0ae NaCl + H2O MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 \uf0af + 2NaCl Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0be0 \uf0ae MgO + H2O C\u00e2u 18. M\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i sau: NaCl, Ca(HCO3)2, CaCl2, MgSO4, Na2SO4. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i \u0103n tinh khi\u1ebft t\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean? Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \u2013 Cho dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, t\u00e1ch b\u1ecf k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c SO42 \u2013 kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p: MgSO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + MgCl2 Na2SO4 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaSO4 \uf0af + 2NaCl \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0, t\u00e1ch b\u1ecf c\u00e1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a CaCO3, MgCO3, BaCO3. Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaHCO3 CaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl MgCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae MgCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 \uf0af + 2NaCl \u2013 Cho ti\u1ebfp dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc (NaCl, NaHCO3, Na2CO3), c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00ec thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaCl tinh khi\u1ebft: NaHCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 \uf0ad C\u00e2u 19. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang CO2 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ecdp kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m: SO2, SO3, O2, CO2. Vi\u1ebft PTHH c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi tuy\u1ec3n sinh Chuy\u00ean Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2017 - 2018) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch BaCl2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec SO3 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft, thu l\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ecdp kh\u00ed bay ra: SO3 + BaCl2 + H2O \u2192 BaSO4 + 2HCl - D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i qua dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0, SO2 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft, thu l\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed bay ra: SO2 + Br2 +2H2O \u2192 2HBr + H2SO4 - D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i qua dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 th\u00ec CO2 b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u1ebft: CO2 + 2NaOH \u2192 Na2CO3 + H2O Cho dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng, d\u01b0, thu l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed CO2 bay ra Na2CO3 + H2SO4 \u2192 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 C\u00e2u 20. Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau: CaCl2 (khan), P2O5, H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c), Ba(OH)2 (r\u1eafn), ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO2, Cl2? Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Phan B\u1ed9i Ch\u00e2u \u2013 Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2007 - 2008) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed CO2: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 88","C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t CaCl2, P2O5, H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00ec CO2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Ba(OH)2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 2Ba(OH)2 + CO2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + H2O - L\u00e0m kh\u00f4 kh\u00ed Cl2: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t CaCl2 khan, P2O5, H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c) v\u00ec Cl2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng Ba(OH)2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 v\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng 2Ba(OH)2 + 2Cl2 \uf0ae BaCl2 + Ba(ClO)2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 21. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch SO2 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00ed SO2, SO3, O2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qua dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, kh\u00ed O2 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tho\u00e1t ra SO2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO3 + H2O SO3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Na2SO4 + H2O - Dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2SO4 d\u01b0 2NaOH + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + 2H2O Na2SO3 + H2SO4 \uf0ae Na2SO4 + SO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 22. Trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed CO2, SO2 v\u00e0 Cl2. Em h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 \u2013 T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - D\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O SO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaSO3 + H2O 2Cl2 + 2Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 23. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Mg, Al, Fe, Cu. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edNaAlO2 \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02bH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0be(\uf0be2(1)\u00f1)\uf0betponc\uf0be\uf0ae Al \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH d\u00f6 \uf0ecMg, Al NaOH \uf0ee\uf0edFe, Cu Cu \uf0ecMg, Fe HCl \uf0ee\uf0edCu X \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edMFegCCl2l2 \uf0ef\uf0eeHCl d\u00f6 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - T\u00e1ch Al: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 89","2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2n no\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0becha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 - Cho 3 kim lo\u1ea1i Mg, Fe, Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch X v\u00e0 Cu kh\u00f4ng tan. Cho NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o X thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mg(OH)2 v\u00e0 Fe(OH)2 Mg + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2 Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl - T\u00e1ch Mg v\u00e0 Fe t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MgO + H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Fe2O3 + 3CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3CO2 MgO kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi CO Ho\u00e0 tan h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p sau khi nung v\u00e0o H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i d\u01b0, MgO tan c\u00f2n Fe kh\u00f4ng tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra MgO + H2SO4 (\u0111\u1eb7c ngu\u1ed9i) \uf0ae MgSO4 + H2O - Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Mg MgSO4 + 2NaOHd\u01b0 \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + Na2SO4 Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2H2O MgCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2n no\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0becha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Mg + Cl2 C\u00e2u 24. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m Al, Fe, Cu v\u00e0 Ag. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean L\u00ea H\u1ed3ng Phong \u2013 Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0efNaAlO2 \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02bH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0be\uf0be(1)\uf0beto \uf0be\uf0ae Al \uf0ee\uf0efNaOH d\u00f6 (2) \u00f1pnc \uf0ecAl,Fe NaOH \uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0edFeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0ae Fe \uf0ee\uf0edCu, Ag \uf0ee\uf0efHCl d\u00f6 \uf0ecFe, Cu HCl \uf0ee\uf0edAg Ag \uf0f9 Ag \uf0fc \uf0ac\uf0beO2\uf0be, to\uf0be Ag \uf0fc \uf0fd\uf0fe\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0fc\uf0fb\uf0fa\uf0fa\uf0fa CuO\uf0fe\uf0fd Cu \uf0fd Cu \uf0ac\uf0be\u00f1pd\uf0bed\uf0be CuCl2 \uf0ac\uf0beHC\uf0bel\uf0be \uf0fe HCl d\u00f6 - Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: + T\u00e1ch Al: Cho h\u1ed7n qua NaOH d\u01b0, s\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al(OH)3, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y Al2O3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 90","2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n n\uf0beo\u00f9n\uf0begch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 + T\u00e1ch Fe: Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Fe, Cu v\u00e0 Ag v\u00e0o HCl d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch Cu, Ag kh\u00f4ng tan. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 HCl (d\u01b0) \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 FeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae Fe + Cl2 + H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag nung trong oxi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn CuO v\u00e0 Ag, cho qua dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y Ag kh\u00f4ng tan, dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ea5y Cu 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + 2HCl \uf0ae CuCl2 + H2O CuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae Cu + Cl2 C\u00e2u 25. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch Ag c\u00f3 l\u1eabn Mg, Zn, Cu m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i Ag trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2009 - 2010) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3 d\u01b0. Mg, Zn, Cu ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Mg + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2FeCl2 Zn + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae MgCl2 + 2FeCl2 Cu + 2FeCl3 \uf0ae CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 - L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch Ag kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e2u 26. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Ba, Na, CuO v\u00e0 Fe2O3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch thu l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: D \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee(NNaH2C4 O)23CO3 \uf0be\uf0be(1)H\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae Na (2) \u00f1pnc A \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edBa(OH)2(NH4)2CO3 \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH \uf0ecBa \uf0ef\uf0efNa \uf0ed\uf0efCuO H2O BaCO3 \uf0be(\uf0be(21))\u00f1H\uf0bepCnlc\uf0be\uf0ae Ba \uf0ef\uf0eeFe2O3 \uf0ef\uf0ecCuO \uf0beH\uf0be2 ,\uf0beto \uf0ae \uf0ecCu \uf0e9Cu(kho\u00e2ng tan) \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0edFe2O3 \uf0ee\uf0edFe \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0eb\uf0ea\uf0ea\uf0ea\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecFHeCCll(2d\u00f6) \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0ae Fe B Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y dung d\u1ecbch A g\u1ed3m Ba(OH)2, NaOH v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B g\u1ed3m CuO, Fe2O3 Ba + 2H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 + H2 2Na + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 91","- D\u1eabn H2 d\u01b0, nung n\u00f3ng qua h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p B ta thu l\u1ea5y Cu v\u00e0 Fe H2 + CuO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + H2O 3H2 + Fe2O3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O Ho\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y Cu v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch FeCl2, HCl d\u01b0 \u0111em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 2HCl (d\u01b0) \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 FeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae Fe + Cl2 - Cho (NH4)2CO3 d\u01b0 dung d\u1ecbch A, l\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch D, cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0; c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y BaCl2 \u0111em \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thu l\u1ea5y Ba Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O 2NaOH + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + H2O + CO2 BaCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n n\uf0beo\u00f9n\uf0begch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Ba + Cl2 - Cho dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch D, c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n r\u1ed3i nung n\u00f3ng (HCl d\u01b0 bay h\u01a1i, H2O bay h\u01a1i, NH4Cl ph\u00e2n ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y) thu l\u1ea5y NaCl, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Na (NH4)2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 2NaCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n n\uf0beo\u00f9n\uf0begch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 2Na + Cl2 C\u00e2u 27. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kim lo\u1ea1i Mg, Fe v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p mu\u1ed1i Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A g\u1ed3m 3 kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch B ch\u1ee9a 2 mu\u1ed1i. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2012 - 2013) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Mg + AgNO3 \uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + 2Ag Mg + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae Mg(NO3)2 + Cu Fe + AgNO3 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag Fe + Cu(NO3)2 \uf0ae Fe(NO3)2 + Cu - Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A: Ag, Cu, Fe - Dung d\u1ecbch B: Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edFeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0ae Fe \uf0ef\uf0eeHCl d\u00f6 \uf0ecAg \uf0ed\uf0efCu HCl \uf0ee\uf0efFe \uf0ecAg \uf0beO\uf0be2 ,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecAg \uf0e9Ag kho\u00e2ng tan \uf0ed\uf0eeCu \uf0ed\uf0eeCuO \uf0ea\uf0ea\uf0ea\uf0eb\uf0ee\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0edCHuCCl dl2\u00f6 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed \uf0ae Cu Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: - Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn A v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0. Thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i Cu, Ag v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch FeCl2 v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Fe CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 92","2HCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 FeCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae Fe + Cl2 - Nung 2 kim lo\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed t\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m CuO v\u00e0 Ag. Cho ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ag. 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + 2HCl \uf0ae CuCl2 + H2O - \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CuCl2 v\u00e0 HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu CuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae Cu + Cl2 2HCl \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2nd\uf0beung\uf0bed\u00f2c\uf0beh\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 C\u00e2u 28. Qu\u1eb7ng boxit c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Al2O3 c\u00f3 l\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Fe2O3 v\u00e0 SiO2. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y t\u00e1ch Al2O3 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh ho\u1ea1. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i d\u1eabn kh\u00ed CO2 t\u1edbi d\u01b0 v\u00e0o CO2 + NaOH \uf0ae NaHCO3 CO2 + NaAlO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i nung \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O \uf040 L\u01b0u \u00fd: Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng NaOH \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng v\u00ec SiO2 c\u0169ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1o ra dung d\u1ecbch Na2SiO3, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CO2 t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a H2SiO3 s\u1ebd l\u1eabn v\u1edbi Al(OH)3 SiO2 + 2NaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Na2SiO3 + H2O Na2SiO3 + CO2 + H2O \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2SiO3 \uf0af C\u00e2u 29. N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch hai mu\u1ed1i FeCl2 v\u00e0 CuCl2 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch: \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0eeCFeuCCll22 \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH \uf0ae \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ecCFeu((OOHH))22 \uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecFe2O3 \uf0beH\uf0be2 ,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecFe \uf0ef\uf0eeCuO \uf0ed\uf0eeCu Cu \uf0beC\uf0bel2\uf0be\uf0aeCuCl2 \uf0ecFe HCl \uf0ed\uf0eeCu \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecFeCl2 \uf0beC\uf0beo\u00e2 c\uf0bea\u00efn\uf0be\uf0ae FeCl2 \uf0ee\uf0efHCl d\u00f6 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng NaOH d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 oxit, cho 2 oxit n\u00e0y qua H2 nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 kim lo\u1ea1i FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl CuCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 93","4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Cu(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuO + H2O Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + H2O - Cho Fe v\u00e0 Cu v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch HCl d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn l\u00e0 Cu. C\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch (HCl v\u00e0 H2O bay h\u01a1i) thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c FeCl2 tinh khi\u1ebft Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 - Cho Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi clo d\u01b0, to thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuCl2 C\u00e2u 30. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc h\u00e3y tinh ch\u1ebf NaCl trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t sau: NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, BaCl2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t: \uf0ef\uf0ecCaCO3 \uf0edMgCO3 \uf0ef\uf0eeBaCO3 \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ecNMagCCll,2C,aBCalC2l2 Na2CO3 \uf0ec\uf0efNaCl d\u00f6 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecNaCl \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae NaCl \uf0ef\uf0ee\uf0edNa2CO3 \uf0ed\uf0eeHCl d\u00f6 khan Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch Na2CO3 d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch NaCl v\u00e0 Na2CO3 d\u01b0 CaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae CaCO3 + 2NaCl MgCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae MgCO3 + 2NaCl BaCl2 + Na2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaCl - Cho axit HCl d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaCl v\u00e0 Na2CO3, sau khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c NaCl Na2CO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O C\u00e2u 31. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed: a) CO trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m CO2 v\u00e0 CO. b) CO2 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m CO2 v\u00e0 CO. c) HCl trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m HCl v\u00e0 CO2. d) Cl2 trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m Cl2 v\u00e0 O2. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vinh \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i a) Cho h\u1ed7n kh\u00ed qua CuO d\u01b0 nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CO CuO + CO \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + CO2 b) Cho h\u1ed7n kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf CO2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O c) Cho h\u1ed7n kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch NaHCO3 d\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf HCl) sau \u0111\u00f3 cho qua H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 94","HCl + NaHCO3 \uf0ae NaCl + CO2 + H2O H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc d) Cho h\u1ed7n kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Cl2 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 \uf0ae CaCl2 + Ca(ClO)2 + H2O C\u00e2u 32. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn A g\u1ed3m 0,2 mol Na2CO3, 0,1 mol BaCl2 v\u00e0 0,1 mol MgCl2. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u00eam n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t sau khi t\u00e1ch ra kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u (C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t, ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t: NaCl 0, 4 \u00f1pdd H2 ,Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae HCl 0, 4 \uf0ef\uf0ecNa2CO3 NaOH 0, 4 \uf0ef 0,2 \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0efB0a,C1l2 H2O \uf0ef\uf0efMgCl2 \uf0ef\uf0ee 0,1 CO2 0,2 \uf0ecBaO B\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0ef\uf0ecMBagCCOO3300,,11 t0 \uf0ee\uf0edMgO Ba(OH)2 \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0bel\uf0ae BaCl2 \uf0ecBaO H2O \uf0ee\uf0edMgO MgO \uf0beH\uf0beC\uf0bel\uf0ae MgCl2 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - H\u00f2a tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p A v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,4 mol NaCl, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y r\u1eafn B g\u1ed3m 0,1 mol BaCO3 v\u00e0 0,1 mol MgCO3 Na2CO3 + BaCl2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NaCl Na2CO3 + MgCl2 \uf0ae MgCO3 + 2NaCl - \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch NaCl c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft kh\u00ed Cl2 th\u00ec d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a 0,4 mol NaOH, thu l\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed Cl2 v\u00e0 H2 v\u00e0o b\u00ecnh k\u00edn t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed HCl. Cho kh\u00ed HCl v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 0,4 mol HCl 2NaCl + 2H2O \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beiem\u00e4n\uf0beap\u00f8nhga\uf0ben\u00e2ngdau\uf0be\u00eannxgod\uf0be\u00e1p\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 H2 \uf02b Cl2 \u00a0\uf0be\uf0beto \uf0ae 2HCl - Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn B trong b\u00ecnh k\u00edn r\u1ed3i thu l\u1ea5y kh\u00ed ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,2 mol CO2. Ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong b\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m 0,1 mol BaO v\u00e0 0,1 mol MgO BaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae BaO + CO2 MgCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MgO + CO2 - Cho CO2 s\u1ee5c v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,2 mol Na2CO3 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 95","2NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae Na2CO3 + H2O - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p BaO v\u00e0 MgO v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 0,1 mol MgO v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch sau khi l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf MgO ch\u1ee9a 0,1 mol Ba(OH)2 - Cho MgO tan ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda dung d\u1ecbch HCl r\u1ed3i c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,1 mol MgCl2 MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O - Cho dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda dung d\u1ecbch HCl r\u1ed3i \u0111un c\u1ea1n dung d\u1ecbch sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,1 mol BaCl2 BaO + H2O \uf0ae Ba(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + 2H2O C\u00e2u 33. T\u1eeb KMnO4, NH4HCO3, Fe, MnO2, NaHSO3, BaS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch Ba(OH)2, HCl \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed g\u00ec? Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y: CaO, CaCl2 khan, H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c, P2O5, NaOH r\u1eafn. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2008 - 2009) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - C\u00e1c kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m O2, NH3, H2, Cl2, H2S, CO2, SO2, HCl, N2, NO, NO2. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc: 2KMnO4 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 NH4HCO3 + Ba(OH)2 \uf0ae BaCO3 + NH3 + 2H2O Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 MnO2 + 4HCl \u0111\u1eb7c \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O BaS + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + H2S NH4HCO3 + HCl \uf0ae NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O Na2SO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O H2 + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2HCl 4NH3 + 3O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2N2 + 6H2O N2 + O2 \uf0ac\uf0be\uf0be3\uf0be00\uf0be\uf0be0oC\uf0be\uf0be\uf0be\uf0ae 2NO 2NO + O2 \uf0ae 2NO2 - \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eabn h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec ta ch\u1ecdn CaCl2 khan. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 CaCl2 khan sau khi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. - Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng CaO v\u00ec CaO t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi CO2, SO2, NO2. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c CaO t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O t\u1ea1o ra Ca(OH)2, ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c dung v\u1edbi Cl2, H2S, CO2, SO2, HCl, NO2. - Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NH3, H2S. - Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng P2O5 v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O t\u1ea1o H3PO4 s\u1ebd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi NH3. - Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng NaOH r\u1eafn v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2, H2S, CO2, SO2, HCl, NO2. C\u00e2u 34. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed g\u1ed3m CO, CO2, C2H4 v\u00e0 C2H2. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch t\u1eebng kh\u00ed ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2014 - 2015) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed qua dung d\u1ecbch Ca(OH)2 d\u01b0 th\u00ec CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n CaCO3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CO2 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 \uf0ae CaCO3 + H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 96","CaCO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CaO + CO2 - D\u1eabn h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i qua dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 d\u01b0 trong NH3, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed CO, C2H4 v\u00e0 NH3. Cho k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C2H2 C2H2 + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 \uf0ae C2Ag2 + 2NH4NO3 C2Ag2 + H2SO4 \uf0ae C2H2 + Ag2SO4 - H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CO v\u00e0 C2H4 cho qua dung d\u1ecbch Br2 d\u01b0, t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00ed CO v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng C2H4 + Br2 \uf0ae C2H4Br2 Cho C2H4Br2 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Zn thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C2H4 C2H4Br2 + Zn \uf0ae C2H4 + ZnCl2 C\u00e2u 35. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 5 kim lo\u1ea1i: Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Ag. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. Vi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011 - 2012) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tan (Mg, Fe, Cu, Ag) v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch X (NaAlO2, NaOH d\u01b0). S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch X, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al2O3. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y Al2O3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al2O3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2n no\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0becha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 4Al + 3O2 - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Mg, Fe, Cu, Ag t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit HCl d\u01b0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch Y (MgCl2, FeCl2, HCl d\u01b0) v\u00e0 2 kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tan (Ag, Cu) - T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: CuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0aeCu \uf0ecCu \uf0beO\uf0be2,\uf0beto \uf0ae \uf0ecCuO HCl \uf0ed\uf0eeAg \uf0ee\uf0edAg Ag Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Cu, Ag qua oxi nung n\u00f3ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng HCl d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch Ag kh\u00f4ng tan, \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n dung d\u1ecbch CuCl2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Cu 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CuO CuO + 2HCl \uf0ae CuCl2 + H2O CuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae Cu + Cl2 2HCl (d\u01b0) \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae H2 + Cl2 - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a r\u1ed3i t\u00e1ch theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 97","MgCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepn\uf0bec\uf0ae Mg \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0eeFMeg((OOHH))22 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ecMgO \uf0beH\uf0beto2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ecMgO \uf0beC\uf0bel2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0ecMgO H2O \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efFe2O3 \uf0ed\uf0eeFe \uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efFeCl3 FeCl3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed\uf0ae Fe Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O MgCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl Mg(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae MgO + H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 MgO + 2HCl \uf0ae MgCl2 + H2O MgCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2n no\uf0be\u00f9ng\uf0becha\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Mg + Cl2 2FeCl3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2Fe + 3Cl2 C\u00e2u 36. N\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch 3 oxit MgO, FeO, CuO ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra (C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7). (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i \u2013 H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i - Cho H2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, nung n\u00f3ng, khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p MgO, Fe, Cu FeO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Fe + H2O CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + H2O - Cho 3 ch\u1ea5t MgO, Fe, Cu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng Cl2 d\u01b0, to thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p MgO, FeCl3, CuCl2. Cho H2O d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch MgO kh\u00f4ng tan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch g\u1ed3m FeCl3, CuCl2 2Fe + 3Cl2 \uf0ae 2FeCl3 Cu + Cl2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae CuCl2 - T\u1eeb dung d\u1ecbch FeCl3, CuCl2 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf FeO, CuO theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Cu \uf0beO\uf0be2\uf0be\uf0aeCuO \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ed\uf0ee\uf0efCFeuCCll32 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepd\uf0bed \uf0ae \uf0ecFe HCl \uf0ee\uf0edCu FeCl2 \uf0beN\uf0beaO\uf0beH\uf0be\uf0ae Fe(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FeO Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: 98 2FeCl3 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae 2Fe + 3Cl2 CuCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0bepha\uf0be\u00e2ndu\uf0bengd\uf0be\u00f2ch\uf0be\uf0ae Cu + Cl2 Fe + 2HCl \uf0ae FeCl2 + H2 FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaCl + Fe(OH)2 CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0","Fe(OH)2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae FeO + H2O C\u00e2u 37. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m Al, Fe2O3, Cu, Al2O3. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean ra kh\u1ecfi nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi v\u00e0o l\u1edbp 10 THPT chuy\u00ean \u0110HSP H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2010 - 2011) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5t: Fe2O3 \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0eeFAel22OO33 NaOH \uf0ecAl \uf0ef\uf0ecAlCl3 X \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecNaAlO2 \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0efFe2 \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0efFe2O3 \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH d\u00f6 O3 \uf0ed H2O Y \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecNaAlO2 \uf0beC\uf0bel2\uf0be\uf0ae \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH d\u00f6 \uf0efCu \uf0efCuCl2 \uf0ee\uf0efAl2O3 \uf0ef \uf0ef\uf0ef\uf0eeAl2O3 \uf0ee\uf0ed\uf0ec\uf0ef\uf0efCAulCCll32 NaOH Cu(OH)2 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae CuCl2 X \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecNaAlO2 \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02bH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH d\u00f6 Y \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0ecNaAlO2 \uf0beC\uf0beO2\uf0be\uf02bH\uf0be2O\uf0be\uf0ae Al(OH)3 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae AlCl3 \uf0ef\uf0eeNaOH d\u00f6 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: - Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cl2\/to, l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho v\u00e0o H2O thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tan l\u00e0 Fe2O3, Al2O3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a AlCl3, CuCl2 - Cho NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Fe2O3, Al2O3 l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch Fe2O3 kh\u00f4ng tan thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a NaAlO2 v\u00e0 NaOH d\u01b0. S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y (1), l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a \u0111em nung n\u00f3ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Al2O3 (2) Al2O3 + 2NaOH \uf0ae 2NaAlO2 + H2O NaOH + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 2Al(OH)3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Al2O3 + 3H2O - Cho NaOH d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a AlCl3, CuCl2 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Cu(OH)2 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a NaAlO2, NaOH d\u01b0. L\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng axit HCl d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111em c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CuCl2 CuCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Cu(OH)2 + 2NaCl AlCl3 + 4NaOH \uf0ae NaAlO2+ 3NaCl + 2H2O - S\u1ee5c CO2 d\u01b0 v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecdc NaAlO2, NaOH d\u01b0 l\u1ecdc t\u00e1ch k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng axit HCl d\u01b0, sau ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111em c\u00f4 c\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c AlCl3 NaOH (d\u01b0) + CO2 \uf0ae NaHCO3 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O \uf0ae Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl \uf0ae AlCl3 + 3H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 99","C\u00e2u 38. Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X g\u1ed3m Ba, Na, CuO v\u00e0 Fe2O3. Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch thu l\u1ea5y t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra. (\u0110\u1ec1 thi ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi l\u1edbp 9 - T\u1ec9nh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u2013 N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2013 - 2014) H\u01a3\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i Cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p X v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0, l\u1ecdc thu l\u1ea5y h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn g\u1ed3m CuO, Fe2O3 v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Ba(OH)2, NaOH. - T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng kim lo\u1ea1i Ba, Na ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p Ba(OH)2, NaOH theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: \uf0ef\uf0ecNaOH \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae NaOH \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepn\uf0bec\uf0ae Na \uf0ed \uf0ef\uf0ee (NH4 )2 CO3 d\u00f6 \uf0ef\uf0ec\uf0edBa(OH)2 (NH4 )2 CO3 \uf0ee\uf0efNaOH BaCO3 \uf0beH\uf0beCl\uf0be\uf0ae BaCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0bepn\uf0bec\uf0ae Ba Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Ba(OH)2 + (NH4)2CO3 \uf0ae BaCO3 + 2NH3 + 2H2O BaCO3 + 2HCl \uf0ae BaCl2 + H2O + CO2 BaCl2 \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n n\uf0beo\u00f9n\uf0begch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae Ba + Cl2 (NH4)2CO3 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O 4NaOH \uf0be\u00f1\uf0beie\u00e4n\uf0beph\uf0bea\u00e2n n\uf0beo\u00f9n\uf0begch\uf0bea\u00fby\uf0be\uf0ae 4Na + O2 + 2H2O - T\u00e1ch ri\u00eang t\u1eebng oxit ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CuO, Fe2O3 theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau: Cu \uf0beO\uf0be2,\uf0beto\uf0be\uf0aeCuO \uf0ec\uf0efCuO \uf0beH\uf0be2 ,\uf0beto \uf0ae \uf0ecCu HCl \uf0ef\uf0ed\uf0eeFe2O3 \uf0ed\uf0eeFe Fe2O3 \uf0ac\uf0beto\uf0be Fe(OH)2 \uf0ac\uf0beNaO\uf0beH\uf0be \uf0ed\uf0ef\uf0ecFeCl2 \uf0ee\uf0efHCl d\u00f6 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: Fe2O3 + 3H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe + 3H2O CuO + H2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae Cu + H2O 2Cu + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2CuO NaOH + HCl \uf0ae NaCl + H2O FeCl2 + 2NaOH \uf0ae Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 \uf0bet\uf0beo \uf0ae 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O CHUY\u00caN \u0110\u1ec0 T\u00c1CH CH\u1ea4T V\u00d4 C\u01a0 100"]