["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 6 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, t\u1eadn thu c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eadt v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1edd ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u1eddi Ng\u1ee5y T\u1ea5n ghi ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u. Tan th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p: \\\"X\u01b0a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em b\u00e1u v\u1eadt \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n. Nh\u01b0ng Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Nh\u1eadt Nam ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u tham l\u1ee3i, l\u1ea5n hi\u1ebfp, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y t\u1edbi hai, ba ph\u1ea7n\\\"1. Tuy c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ch\u00ednh trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u00e1i bu\u00f4n Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nhung s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3ng t\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. Qua s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u. ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1ec1 v\u0103n H\u00f3a gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf mang. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb9p xong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Hai B\u00e0 Trung - cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Chi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c H\u00e1n, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Ke t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, ti\u1ebfp 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc lu\u00f4n thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. 1. T\u1ea5n th\u01b0, Q. 97, d\u1eabn theo Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T 1, S\u0111d,tr. 370. 249","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 - S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n cai qu\u1ea3n Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan, l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \\\"\u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 h\u00f3a\\\". Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan l\u1ea1i, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sinh c\u01a1 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \\\"gia n\u00f4\\\", \\\"gia kh\u00e1ch\\\" hay \\\"b\u1ed9 kh\u00fac\\\". Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng x\u00e3, nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan l\u1ea1i, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai kh\u1ea9n, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Nh\u00e2m Di\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c khai kh\u1ea9n ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt binh l\u00ednh, b\u1eaft h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p t\u00f4 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng \u1ea5p tr\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. \u1ede th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u binh l\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u1edf h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Chi v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y s\u1eed nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"M\u00e3 l\u01b0u\\\". Nh\u1eefng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f4ng n\u00f4, n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 trong c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 Trung Hoa, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f9y t\u00e1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 H\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng trang tr\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a ngang d\u00e3y d\u1ecdc, v\u1ef1a l\u00faa, chu\u1ed3ng tr\u00e2u, chu\u1ed3ng b\u00f2, chu\u1ed3ng l\u1ee3n, gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed1i g\u1ea1o. v.v...1 Do b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II, \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u \\\"d\u00e2n l\u01b0u t\u00e1n\\\" t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 73. 250","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 V, s\u00f9 c\u0169ng ghi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"d\u00e2n vong m\u1ec7nh\\\", t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u vong. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eau t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u1ea5p, tr\u1ea1i, l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. \u0110\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"ru\u1ed9ng Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ed1\\\" do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n \u1edd ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n, th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ng\u00f4, c\u00f3 l\u00ea h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra ch\u1ee9c quan g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"\u0110i\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4 \u00fay\\\" hay \\\"\u0110\u00f4 \u00fay\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n. - B\u00f3c l\u1ed9t bang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u00f4, thu\u1ebf Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n \\\"ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ef1c\\\" nh\u01b0 Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan th\u00e1i th\u00fa trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ec\u00e8u \u0111inh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tung t\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa, ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p. Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt qu\u00fd, hoa qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc khao kh\u00e1t. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p ch\u00e2u, qu\u1eadn nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thu gom c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 m\u1eb7c s\u1ee9c v\u01a1 v\u00e9t, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. H \u1eadu H \u00e1n th \u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 cho bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y: \\\"X\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt qu\u00fd, ng\u1ecdc minh c\u01a1, l\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3, s\u1eebng t\u00ea, ng\u00e0 voi, \u0111\u1ed3i m\u1ed3i, h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1, g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1ee9 g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3. C\u00e1c Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thanh li\u00eam, tr\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec thu v\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00fai ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec 251","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 xin d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i\\\"1. C\u0169ng theo H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, Giao Ch\u00e2u lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng v\u1ea3i, nh\u00e3n c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ed1ng2. Th\u1eddi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp: \\\"th\u01b0\u1eddng sai s\u1ee9 sang n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4, \u0111em c\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00fd, v\u1ea3i nh\u00f2, k\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc trai, \u1ed1c l\u1edbn, l\u01b0u ly, l\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3i m\u1ed3i, s\u1eebng t\u00ea, ng\u00e0 voi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed1i, d\u1eeba, long nh\u00e3n, kh\u00f4ng n\u0103m n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn\\\"3. C\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1ea1 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng t\u01a1 chu\u1ed1i, t\u01a1 \u1eebe, gi\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v.v... \u0110\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng, T\u1ec1, Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1ng m\u0169 \u0110\u00e2u m\u00e2u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u00fac v\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eddi Tam Qu\u1ed1c, S\u0129 Nh\u1ea5t em trai c\u1ee7a S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng cho vua Ng\u00f4 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m con ng\u1ef1a4. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i voi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em c\u1ed1ng cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, \u1edf Giao Chi v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i g\u00e0 g\u00e1y ti\u1ebfng d\u00e0i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ea minh\\\" c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111em n\u1ed9p cho c\u00e1c vua t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ng\u00f45. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p c\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i lao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c. S\u1eed gia Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 t\u1eebng vi\u1ebft, \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3: \\\"v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng s\u1ecdt ti\u1ebfn h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nhen nh\u01b0 hoa qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ea1m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m\\\"6. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4, thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 1. H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0, Gi\u1ea3 T\u00f4ng truy\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn theo L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr 274. 2. H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0, Q.4, d\u1eabn theo Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, tr. 116. 3. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, T\u1eadp I, tr. 102. 4. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, S\u0111d, tr. 84. 5. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o khoa h\u1ecdc, S\u0111d, tr. 122. 6. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, S\u0111d, tr. 84. 252","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n, b\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n theo H\u00e1n th\u01b0, \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 thu\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng khi Hai B\u00e0 Trung kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o n\u0103m 40 (th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n), \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1 thu\u1ebf 2 n\u0103m cho d\u00e2n. Sau khi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u, vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c do b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quan l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e2n sT\u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. S\u1eeb c\u0169 ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 th\u00f3c thu\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 13.600.000 h\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 272.000 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c1. Th\u00f3c l\u00faa m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do thu thu\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 l\u00e0m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, l\u00e0m mu\u1ed1i, m\u00f2 ng\u1ecdc... \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. S\u1eed nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Chu Ph\u00f9 \\\"t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c thu thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 v\u00e0ng (Ho\u00e0ng ng\u01b0) thu thu\u1ebf m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9c l\u00faa, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn\\\"2. Th\u1eddi Nam Tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 con \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u01a1 v\u00e9t b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfn c\u1ed1ng, t\u1ecf thu\u00e9 n\u1ea1ng n\u00e8 c\u00f9a chinh quy\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecf h\u1ed9 \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u da khi\u00e9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh: \\\"tr\u0103m h\u1ecd x\u00e1c x\u01a1\\\". Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i phi\u00eau t\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 trong c\u00e1c trang tr\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng l\u00ean trong phong \u1eeb\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf Trang Hoa v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi Tam Qu\u1ed1c, m\u1ed9t tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u di d\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edbi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, S\u0111d, tr. 274. 2. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, S\u0111d, tr. 87. 253","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, s\u0129 phu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u0111om gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111i l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n binh \u0111ao m\u00e0 k\u00e9o c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng con c\u00e1i sang \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. Sau n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edd \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. H\u1ed3 C\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u1edf H\u1ed3 Qu\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh cao c\u00f3 kh\u00ed ti\u1ebft g\u1eb7p l\u00fac V\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00e3ng so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i, treo m\u0169 \u00e1o \u1edd c\u1eeda ph\u1ee7 m\u00e0 \u0111i, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9\\\"1. Th\u1eddi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111ang l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u, s\u0129 phu Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang Giao Chi l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong l\u1eddi t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch M\u00e2u T\u00f9r. \\\"Sau khi Linh \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebft (n\u0103m 189) thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1n, chi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Chi kh\u00e1 y\u00ean \u1ed5n, c\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1ea1y c\u1ea3 sang \u0111\u00f3\\\"2. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 Ho\u00e0n Di\u1ec7p, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 190 \u0111\u1ebfn 193 v\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, Di\u1ec7p ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn c \u1ed1 i K\u00ea r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ec3 sang Giao Ch\u1ec93. Vi\u00ean Trung c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Chi l\u00fac T\u00f4n S\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c \u1ed1 i K\u00ea4. H\u1ee9a T\u0129nh v\u00ec tr\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn c \u1ed1 i K\u00ea, r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y sang Giao Ch\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \\\"Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu\\\"5. Cu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1n Ng\u0169 H\u1ed3 c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1ed9c Trung Hoa ch\u1ea1y sang Giao Chi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u6. Trong l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u0129 phu Tning Qu\u1ed1c di c\u01b0 sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi \u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan li\u00eau \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edd th\u1eddi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa. Ch\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sang l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n \u1edd Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi lo\u1ea1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00e3ng, \u0111\u1ebfn cha S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 6 \u0111\u1eddi. S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 thu n\u1ea1p Tr\u00ecnh Binh, m\u1ed9t s\u0129 phu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eef Nam \\\"h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng 1. L\u00ea T\u1eafc, An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, 1961, tr. 88. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edbi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr. 270. 3. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 88. 4. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 88. 5. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 88. 6. B\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u00ed, d\u1eabn theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 72. 254","Ch\u01b0cmg IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... hi\u1ec3u Ng\u0169 kinh\\\", sang Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n, cho l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed1. Vi\u1ec7c tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu Trung Hoa v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung Hoa ph\u00e1i sang Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i sinh c\u01a1 l\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng chi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd S\u0129, t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c sau n\u00e0y con ch\u00e1u v\u1eabn tham gia h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 quan l\u1ea1i. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u00e0 L\u1ea1i Ti\u00ean, con ch\u00e1u sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 L\u1ea1i \u00edch Quy, l\u00e0m An ph\u1ee7 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd \u0110\u00e0o \u1edd \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00f4, h\u1ecd C\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ea5n. Nguy\u1ec5n Phu, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean L\u00ea T\u1eafc \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Giao Chi \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u00edch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t Kinh Tri\u1ec7u di c\u01b0 sang Giao C h \u1ec9...2 M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00ec c\u1edb sinh nhai t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi ngh\u1ec1 t\u1eeb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, th\u00e0y thu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, b\u00f3i to \u00e1n ... Giao Ch\u00e2u sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u00f4n t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng chi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i xa Trung nguy\u00ean n\u00ean b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 r\u1eebng thi\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e2u xa: \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: v\u00e0o n\u0103m V\u0129nh H\u00f2a \u0111\u1eddi vua Minh \u0111\u1ebf (n\u0103m 61), L\u01b0\u01a1ng '1'\u00fang vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ch\u00ea bai ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 n\u00ean c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. N\u0103m 102, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi em c\u1ee7a \u00c2m Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu l\u00e0 \u00c2m D\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00c2m X\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang v\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Nam. N\u0103m 178, Th\u00e1i th\u00fa h\u1ecd L\u01b0u b\u1ecb c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang Giao Ch\u00ec3. S\u00e1ch An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ghi v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c \u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0m, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0y sang Giao Chi4. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u01b0u, Tr\u1ea7n Tu\u00e2n, Ngu Phi\u00ean. L\u01b0u Huy\u1ec1n... \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf m\u1eafc 1. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 89. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 72. 3. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i th\u00fay \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr. 271. 4. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 89. 255","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo gia \u0111\u00ecnh, con ch\u00e1u. H\u1ecd ra \u0111i v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0y \u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i hoang vu, kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, n\u1ebfu may m\u1eafn s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t thi con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u00f2a huy\u1ebft v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 sinh s\u00f4i tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn coi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh l\u00e0 Di, \u0110\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ecf b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 b\u1eddi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u1eeb v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf mang b\u1edd c\u00f5i. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng c\u01b0 di\u1ec5n ra trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n, khi m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang Giao Chi. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. D\u00f9 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Trung Hoa, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c sinh t\u1ed3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n V i\u1ec7t h\u00f3a, tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c V i\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p L\u00fd B\u00ed, t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n sang Giao Ch\u00e2u, sau 9 \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ed1ng H\u00e1n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. S \u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trong h\u01a1n 5 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 b\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c trung nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 duy tri n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t trong xu th\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. 256","Ch\u01b0cmg IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... S\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho gi\u00e1o Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9ng minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u. Trong khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u00e1n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f9a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a H\u00e1n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc theo \u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p H\u00e1n. V\u0103n t\u1ef1 Trung Hoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, sau m\u1edbi lan d\u1ea7n ra trong c\u00e1c giai t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. Nho gi\u00e1o, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho Nho gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed (551 TCN - 479 TCN), s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu. v\u1ec1 sau M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed th\u1eddi Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u1ecdng Th\u01b0 th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n chinh. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gia c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c bao g\u1ed3m Ng\u0169 kinh (Thi, Th\u01b0, D\u1ecbch, Le, Xu\u00e2n Ihu) v\u00e0 T\u1eeb th\u01b0 {Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, Trung dung, M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed). T\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u00e1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf Trung Hoa. Nho gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tnr\u01a1ng: \\\"t\u00f4n qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ed1ng\\\" v\u1edbi ba r\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i \\\"tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o: \\\"vua - t\u00f4i\\\", \\\" cha - con\\\", \\\" v\u1ee3 - ch\u1ed3ng\\\". C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \\\"tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\" l\u00e0 \\\"ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng\\\" t\u1ee9c n\u0103m ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng x\u1eed lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0: nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 tu - t\u1ec1 - tr\u1ecb - b\u00ecnh (tu th\u00e2n, t\u1ec1 gia, tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1). Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n, trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n. Nho gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u00e1n Nho tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u1ecdng Th\u01b0 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p 257","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 v\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n. Nho gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n do c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c L\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p. S\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m ciccmg m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i th\u00fa H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 g\u1eedi cho vua Ng\u00f4 cho bi\u1ebft: Th\u1eddi H\u00e1n V\u0169 \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3: \\\"\u0110\u1eb7t quan Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n, r\u1ed3i \u0111ua ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang \u1edf l\u1eabn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5, cho d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n th\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft qua loa v\u00e0 v\u00f5 v\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung Qu\u1ed1c; l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u1ea1i, (h\u1ecd) tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u1ec5 nghi m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo\\\"1. \u0110\u1ebfn bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. Hai Th\u00e1i th\u00fa T\u00edch Quang, Nh\u00e2m Di\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \\\"d\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a\\\" \u1edf Giao Chi, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi v\u1ec1 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y: \\\"T\u00edch Quang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1eadn H\u00e1n Trung, khi \u1edf Giao Chi l\u1ea5y l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n\\\", c\u00f2n Nh\u00e2m Di\u00ean khi \u1edf C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y d\u00e2n l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a: \\\"d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1 th\u00fa, b\u00e8n d\u1ea1y cho bi\u1ebft \u1eebai g\u00e1i tu\u1ed5i ngang nhau th\u00ec k\u1ebft l\u00e0m v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00ednh l\u1ec5 thi Di\u00ean b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng b\u1edbt b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\"2, v \u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nho gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 l\u00fac n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch chi th\u1ea5y nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Xu\u00e2n Thu T\u1ea3 th\u1ecb truy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. Cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n, khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u00e3ng kh\u1edfi lo\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng s\u0129 phu di c\u01b0 sang Giao Chi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Giao Ch\u00e2u trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede th\u1eddi H\u00e1n, trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Chi h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed 1. Kh\u00e2m\u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1mc\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, Ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, Q. 3, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 139. 2. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, T\u1eadp I, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1972, tr. 87. 258","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... \u1edd ch\u00e2u, qu\u1eadn. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u00e2u, v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n Minh \u0111\u1ebf (n\u0103m 58 - 75 SCN) do ch\u0103m h\u1ecdc, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0103n n\u00f3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m K\u1ebf l\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam, sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Kim Th\u00e0nh. L\u00fd Ti\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Chi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng t\u00e0o (ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p), sau d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m (184 -189) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, L\u00fd Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed7 Hi\u1ebfu li\u00eam (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 C\u1eed nh\u00e2n), M\u1eadu t\u00e0i (t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 T\u00fa t\u00e0i), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. Sau n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Chi nh\u01b0 L\u00fd c\u1ea7m , B\u1ed1c Long l\u00e0m T\u00fac v\u1ec7 \u1edf Kinh th\u00e0nh L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e2u xin tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng ngu\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 Hi\u1ebfu li\u00eam v\u00e0 M\u1eadu t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m quan \u1edf Trung nguy\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n chi b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7... Khi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa \u1edf Giao Ch\u00ec, Nho h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n trong t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 187, S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111ang l\u00e0m Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh \u1edd Vu D\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua H\u00e1n c\u1eed sang l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa qu\u1eadn Giao Ch\u1ec91. S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u1edd Giao Chi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1t c\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ecb s\u1edd \u1edf Luy L\u00e2u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Luy L\u00e2u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00f4m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3n trong h\u01a1n 40 n\u0103m. S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao2. Vi\u00ean Huy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1ea7n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd 1. v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, s\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m cit\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111a d\u1eabn truy\u1ec7n S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp trong Ng\u00f4 ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau : \\\"Nhi\u1ebfp t\u00ean t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 Nghi\u1ec7n Uy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00edn, qu\u1eadn Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4. Ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t V\u1ea5n D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u1ed7\\\", Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed7 Hi\u1ebfu li\u00eam v\u00e0 M\u1eadu t\u00e0i (Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, S\u0111d, tr. 131). 2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed gia phong ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 S\u0129 V\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u00e1nh ngang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi coi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Nho h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n khi so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m cu\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i cho r\u00e0ng: \\\"S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp theo l\u1ec7nh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1i sang l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eebng x\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng bao gi\u1edd, the m\u00e0 s\u1eed c\u0169 c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p ri\u00eang 259","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"\u00d4ng S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u1edf qu\u1eadn Giao Chi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi, bi\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb\\\"...1 Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch v\u1edf m\u00e0 S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nho gia nh\u01b0 Xu\u00e2n Thu T\u1ea3 th\u1ecb truy\u1ec7n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0. S\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft: \\\"S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp t\u00ednh n\u1ebft khoan h\u1eadu khi\u00eam t\u1ed5n, nh\u00e3 nh\u1eb7n, tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3i nh\u00e2n s\u0129, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u0129 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c sang, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd\\\"2. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u0129 phu n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp khu\u1ebfch tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Nho h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 H\u1ee9a T\u0129nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eef Nam, \u0111\u1eadu Hi\u1ebfu li\u00eam, l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 lang, tr\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1n \u0110\u1ed5ng Tr\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u. \u00d4ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen l\u00e0 \\\"b\u1eadc anh t\u00e0i s\u1ef9 v\u0129, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y l\u01b0u l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i r\u1eebng n\u00fai xa x\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 \u0111i theo\\\"3. L\u01b0u Hy ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n sang Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi Ki\u1ebfn An (196 - 219). Theo s\u00e1ch B\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t ti\u00ean hi\u1ec1n ch\u00ed, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \\\"h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m l\u1eebng l\u1eaby\\\". Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 gi\u1ecfi, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 3 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 theo L\u01b0u Hy sang \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong gi\u1edbi Nho h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 H\u1ee9a T\u1eeb, Tr\u00ecnh Binh, Ti\u1ebft T\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i tri th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang Nho gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u1eeb\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7, nay t\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf \u0111i\\\" (Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, S\u0111d, tr. 131). C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u00fau sau n\u00e0y cho l\u1eb3ng S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u00e2u Giao, n\u01a1i S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f9ng c\u1ee9, t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u1edf v\u00f9ng Luy L\u00e2u (Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh, B\u1eafc Ninh) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u di t\u1ec9ch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i \u00f4ng t\u1eebng m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc. Ch\u00f9a Binh, ch\u00f9a \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 binh v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0i v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ebfn G\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1edf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn cho con em \u0103n h\u1ecdc. v.v... Th\u1ea7n tich \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng coi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \\\"Nam Giao h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5\\\". 1. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, S\u0111d, T\u1eadp I, tr. 132. 2. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7ts\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m cucmg m\u1ee5c, S\u0111d, T\u1eadp I, tr. 132. 3. An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, S\u0111d, tr. 177. 260","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... T\u1eeb th\u1eddi Tam qu\u1ed1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, khi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u0129 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf Trung Hoa, th\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed, Th\u00e1i th\u00fa cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c C\u00f4ng t\u00e0o, Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd th\u1ebf gia \u1edf Trung Hoa m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"h\u00e0n t\u1ed9c\\\" (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i S\u0129 t\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gia) th\u00ec d\u00f9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi c\u0169ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c quan nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa di c\u01b0 sang Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u1ed9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u00e2u tr\u1eeb khi lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quan to1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n Nho h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 chi nh\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111ang t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, Nho gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. S\u00e1ch Tam qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ecd cho hay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n, Ngu Phi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang Giao Ch\u00e2u; \\\"tuy th\u00e2n t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nho gia nh\u01b0 Lu\u1eadn ng\u1eef, Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, Kinh d\u1ecbch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u00f4ng c\u00f2n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kinh c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed... \u0110\u1eddi T\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ed7 Tu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng m\u1edf mang nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u00e0 Giao Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c s\u0129 phu truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Nho gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Kinh l\u1ec5, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 tang ma, c\u01b0\u1edbi xin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh du nh\u1eadp, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u, Nho gi\u00e1o - m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a; ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p \u1edf b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch khai th\u00e1c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Q. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, S\u0111d, tr. 50. 261","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, Nho s\u0129 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u tr\u1ecb, qu\u1eadn tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u1ecfa H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef H\u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 trong v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eab \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a \u1eefong c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp t\u1eeb m\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u00e1n - Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, Nho gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb \\\"kh\u00fac x\u1ea1\\\" v\u00e0 mang nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m m\u1edbi, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u00c1n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 I TCN. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Xit\u0111acta Gotama (Siddharta Gautama), sau khi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Xakia Muni (Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni). Trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta theo hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u00c1n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng v\u00f9ng Nam \u00c1 r\u1ed3i qua c\u00e1c ng\u1ea3 Srilanca, Giava, Ph\u00f9 Nam, Champa, Giao Ch\u00e2u r\u1ed3i sang mi\u1ec1n Giang Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u1ea8n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con thuy\u1ec1n bu\u1ed3m. Trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng cung thinh m\u1ed9t hay hai v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng n\u00e0y nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Giao Ch\u00e2u, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n giao l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n. 262","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c s\u01b0 t\u0103ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 theo \\\"con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a\\\" n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi \u1ea8n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edd B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng Giao Ch\u00e2u. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00f9a Th\u1ee7y kinh ch\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch s\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 240 TCN, Mahoda - con vua A d\u1ee5c (Asoka) \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh N\u00ea L\u00ea \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n (H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00e0o th\u00e1p c\u00f9a vua A soka1. Theo L\u0129nh Nam ch\u00edch qu\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ch\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 theo m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n ra m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1ea8n \u0110\u1ed9. \u00d4ng \u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, khi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00f3n v\u00e0 c\u00e2y g\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. Sau n\u00e0y, Ch\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt cho c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Ti\u00ean Dung v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c... B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 II \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01b0 t\u0103ng \u00c1n \u0110\u1ed9, Luy L\u00e2u - th\u1ee7 ph\u00f9 c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Chi \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t irong ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c2. V\u1ecb s\u01b0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kh\u00e2u \u0110\u00e0 La (Ksudra). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1eaen \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Luy L\u00e2u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 168 - 169. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u1ea1ch Quang Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Man N\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt M\u1ea7u \u1edf v\u00f9ng Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. 1. \u0110\u00e2y i\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Nghi\u1ec7p, GS. Minh Chi, Ho\u00e0ng Mi\u1ec5n Trai, Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u0103ng L\u1ee3i..., L\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t so \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 tli\u00e0nh N\u00ea L\u00ea \u1edd \u0110\u1ed3 S\u01a1n, SPOT LICHT MEDTA (diemsang.com. vn). 2. Ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edd th\u1eddi H\u00e1n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf H\u00e0 Nam (Kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n), trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh \u1edd Giang T\u00f4, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Giang v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u \u1edf Giao Chi. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00f9a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. 263","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1ed1n ch\u00f9a T\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Luy L\u00e2u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00e1c n\u1eef th\u1ea7n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed3m m\u00e2y - m\u01b0a - s\u1ea5m - ch\u1edbp \u1edd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. S\u00e1ch Thi\u1ec3n uy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp anh c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa Th\u00e1i h\u1eadu Linh Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Th\u00f4ng Bi\u1ec7n \u1edf th\u00f2i L\u00fd v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ra l\u1eddi s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Thi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi vua T\u00f9y V\u0103n \u0111\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"X\u1ee9 Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng sang Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Giang \u0110\u00f4ng m\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y \u1edf Li\u00ean L\u00e2u h\u01a1n 20 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 500 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 b\u1ed9 Kinh r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta\\\"1. C\u0169ng theo l\u1eddi s\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0m Thi\u00ean, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 Ma - la - k\u1ef3 - v\u1ef1c (Marajivaka) ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea8n \u0110\u1ed9; Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f9ng Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u01b0 (Sogdiane)2; Chi C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u1ee5c Chi v\u00e0 M\u00e2u B\u00e1c \u0111ang truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. T\u1eadp lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a M\u00e2u B\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n mang t\u00ean L\u00fd ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Th\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00f4, sinh kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 165 \u0111\u1ebfn 170, theo m\u1eb9 sang Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n Linh \u0111\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Nho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 sau, c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u00e1ch T\u1ee5c cao t\u0103ng truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t - Ma - \u0110e - B\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Th\u1eafng. Hai \u00f4ng chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea1t - Ma - \u0110\u1ec1 - B\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V. S\u01b0 Hu\u1ec7 Th\u1eafng tu \u1edd ch\u00f9a tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ti\u00ean Du, \u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u1eeb\u00f2 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1t - Ma - \u0110e - B\u00e0. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2n du kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi sang trung 1. Khuy\u1ebft danh, Thi\u1ec1n uy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp anh, Q. th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Truy\u1ec7n Th\u00f4ng Bi\u1ec7n, B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, Vi\u1ec7n S\u00f9 h\u1ecdc. 2. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i sinh ra v\u00e0 tu \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea7n Ti\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1t, Daitangkinhvietnam.org. 264","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh \u1edd v\u00f9ng Giang \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p... C\u0169ng do c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u00c1n \u0110\u1ed9 sang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, n\u00ean trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb B\u1ee5t, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng Budha (B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9) trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, phi\u00ean \u00e2m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt). Trong con m\u1eaft c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n to\u00e0n n\u0103ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1edf che v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III TCN \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 V, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong xu th\u1ebf dung h\u00f2a, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc V\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o T\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u00ea t\u00edn nh\u01b0 c\u00fang t\u1ebf qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n, ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00f3ng, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng tin v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c mc t\u00edn \u1ea5y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o gin, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, v\u1edbi hai \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc l\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00e0 Trang T\u1eed... \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c Nho gi\u00e1o \u1edf ch\u1ed7, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u1ee9ng x\u1eed (nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf) m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 vi, c\u1edfi b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Sau n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Kim \u0110an m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Vu C\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e2n ti\u00ean, t\u00f4n L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e3o qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n \u0111an, t\u1ecbch c\u1ed1c, \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed... B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u00e2n gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. \u0110\u00e2y 265","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o gia, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ngur\u1ee1ng sa-man gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00fai, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7u c\u00fang mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00ea t\u00edn trong d\u00e2n gian v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u1edd cung \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 xem sao, b\u00f3i r\u00f9a, c\u00fang qu\u1ef7 th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t, c\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, th\u00e1nh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng b\u00f9a ph\u00e9p, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, v.v... \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II. Sau khi vua H\u00e1n Linh \u0111\u1ebf b\u0103ng h\u00e0, \\\"Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00ean \u1ed5n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u sang \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh theo c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecbn \u0103n (t\u1ecbch c\u1ed1c). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc\\\"1. Nhi\u1ec1u quan l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa sang cai tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadt \u1ea5y. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2n, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u00edch vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i qu\u1ef3 th\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f9m m\u1ed9t kh\u0103n t\u00edm v\u00e0 g\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea5n th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c C\u00e1t H\u1ed3ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn 3 ng\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed5ng Ph\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean thu\u1ed1c ng\u1eadm u\u1ed1ng sau tinh l\u1ea1i ngay2. \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o Th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean d\u1ea1y tu ti\u00ean, luy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Nam Trung Hoa ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf Kim \u0110an nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n sa l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edd ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng C\u00f9 Lao Ch\u00e0m (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam). Nh\u1eefng d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Giao Ch\u1ec9. Theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, M\u00e3 Vi\u1ec7n khi sang \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng cho qu\u00e2n \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u1ecf Th\u1ea7n sa. \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n (316 - 334), C\u00e1t H\u1ed3ng \u0111ang l\u00e0m quan \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh 1. Ho\u1eb1ng Minh t\u1eadp do Th\u00edch T\u0103ng H\u1ef1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0\u01a1ng so\u1ea1n, quy\u1ec3n 1. 2. T\u1ea5n th\u01b0, C\u00e1t H\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec7n, q. 72, d\u1eabn theo Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T .l, S\u0111d, tr. 393. 266","Ch\u01b0cmg IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... Trung Hoa, xin \u0111i l\u00e0m Tri huy\u1ec7n \u1edf C\u00e2u L\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111i t\u00ecm Th\u1ea7n sa luy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e1i Th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ch\u1ec9 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u1eefng hinh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng n\u00fai v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, v.v... nh\u01b0 T\u1ea3n Vi\u00ean son, L\u1ea1c Long qu\u00e2n, Ch\u1eeb \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eeb, Ph\u00f9 \u0110\u1ed5ng Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean h\u00f3a. \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p thu\u1eadt tr\u1eeb t\u00e0, tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i ma thu\u1eadt, ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p. H\u1ecd tin r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 b\u00f9a, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0 ma. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec gi\u00f2i ph\u00f9 ph\u00e9p n\u00ean c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn thu ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 15 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang. C\u0169ng theo c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1eed Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edd v\u00f9ng Giao Ch\u00e2u ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 b\u1ecb g\u00e1n chung l\u00e0 \\\"D\u00e2m t\u1eeb\\\". \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o \u0111i v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o Ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ngay r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ma thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0103n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian c\u00f4 truycn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi V i\u1ec7t... Nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi nghTa ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta (c\u00f3 d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng Ho\u00e0ng C\u00e2n (\u0110\u1ea3ng Kh\u0103n v\u00e0ng) sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Giao Chi). T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 Nho gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edd \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i trung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u1ea3nh 267","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u. 3. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111au th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II * Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m \u1edf qu\u1eadn T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u00c1p Th\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cai tr\u1ecb, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111ang t\u1ea1m l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng. Qua ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1eed c\u0169 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 v\u00e8 y\u00ean \u1ed5n n\u00ean c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadm \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ra s\u1ee9c v\u01a1 v\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, Th\u00e1i th\u00fa Giao Chi l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o: \\\"\u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn v\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u n\u00ean Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Kinh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u1ecbch thu\\\"1. L\u1edbp H\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 Trung Hoa n\u00ean r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh. M\u00f9a H\u00e8 n\u0103m 100, t\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m, qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra cu\u1ed9c kh\u1eddi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ch\u0103m. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II, huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ef1c Nam c\u1ee7a qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam2. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Ch\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 ch\u00f9a c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, dinh th\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn, huy\u1ec7n l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Ch\u00fang t\u00e0n s\u00e1t d\u00e3 man \u1edf huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m, l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 kh\u1eddi ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb b\u1eaft ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. 1. H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0, Q. 71, d\u1eabn theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 82. 2. \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh huy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0omg \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u1ea2i V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e3nh. - L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Q. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, T\u1eadp san \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1956, tr. 55. 268","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i.., Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u00f9a b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u00f9a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edd qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c thi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1. H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 101 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t ch\u1ea9n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m \u1edd T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \\\"m\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p\\\". N\u00e3m 102, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh tha ph\u1ee7 thu\u1ebf, t\u00f4 ru\u1ed9ng trong 2 n\u0103m cho d\u00e2n huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1edbng binh, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 136, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m \u1edf T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 137, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra \u1edd T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m, sau \u0111\u00f3 lan ra to\u00e0n qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Khu Li\u00ean1, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, con vi\u00ean C\u00f4ng t\u00e0o huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m. Theo H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 ghi l\u1ea1i: \\\"Man Di \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f5i T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn Khu Li\u00ean v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh huy\u1ec7n Ttr\u1ee3ng I.\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed1t th\u00e0nh, ch\u00f9a, gi\u1ebft Tnr\u1ecfrng l\u1ea1i\\\"2. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Chi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e0n Di\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n 1 v\u1ea1n binh m\u00e3 \u1edf hai qu\u1eadn Giao Chi v\u00e0 C\u1eebu Ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n s\u0129, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111i xa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng quan. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf Nh\u1eadt Nam c\u00e0ng b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Hoa ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed Gi\u1ea3 X\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan \u0111ang \u0111i s\u1ee9 \u1edd Nh\u1eadt Nam, gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Qu\u00e2n H\u00e1n 1. C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Khu Qu\u1ef3, Khu \u0110\u1ea1t hay Khu V\u01b0\u01a1ng. Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T .l, S\u0111d, \u1eeb. 291. 2. H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0, Q. 116, \u0111\u1eabn theo L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 83. 269","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n bao v\u00e2y hon m\u1ed9t n\u0103m trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang l\u1edbn \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c lo l\u1eafng. H\u00e1n Thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3. Ke s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 4 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u1edd c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u Kinh, Duy\u00ean, D\u01b0\u01a1ng, D\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i hai c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u Kinh, D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh l\u1edbn l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xa, kh\u00f4ng quen th\u1ee7y th\u1ed5, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi s\u00ea d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hao binh t\u1ed5n t\u01b0\u1edbng.... T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n L\u00fd c \u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch r\u1eddi h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh, quan l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa \u1edf hai qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n v\u1ec1 Giao Ch\u1ec9, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1n mua chu\u1ed9c, chia r\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p y\u00ean cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea7n ch\u1eeb c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft n\u1ed5i \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u1eddi c\u01a1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf Nh\u1eadt Nam. Nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n c\u1eed hai vi\u00ean quan l\u00e0 Ch\u00fac L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i th\u00fa C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 Tnrcmg Ki\u1ec3u l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u ly gi\u00e1n, mua chu\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. N\u0103m 138, sau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 144, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt Nam l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa v\u00f9ng l\u00ean kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u1eadn T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 huy\u1ec7n tr\u1ecb, th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf qu\u1eadn C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Chi l\u00e0 H\u1ea1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp sau (t\u1eeb 157 \u0111\u1ebfn 160), ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt Nam l\u1ea1i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Chu \u0110\u1ea1t khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea1t sang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam. C\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 2 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y th\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 270","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u01b0\u01a1ng Long \u1edf qu\u1eadn Giao Ch\u1ec9 (n\u0103m 178) c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt Nam. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 II, \u0111\u1eddi S\u01a1 B\u00ecnh (190 - 193), ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n suy y\u1ebfu. Trung Qu\u1ed1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u00ec b\u1ecb T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111e d\u1ecda su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m ch\u01b0a d\u1ee9t. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i \u1edd v\u00f9ng s\u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0, v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i phu \u0111i l\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o bi\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea1o N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5u g\u1ea1o, Ho\u00e0ng C\u00e2n l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, g\u00e2y n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u1ede Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb \u1edd v\u00f9ng Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1eebu Ch\u00e2n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi c\u01a1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1ebft Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh, gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u1ec9, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n l\u00e0 Chu Ph\u00f9 (n\u0103m 190), khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n trong m\u1ea5y n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i quan cai tr\u1ecb. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111 \u00e0 i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nir\u00f3c I.\u00e2m \u00c1p, ngir\u00f2ri l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Khu Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp l\u00e0m V ua1. S\u00e1ch Th\u1ee7y kinh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5: L\u00e2m \u1eaep, l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m huy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m \u1ea2p, v\u1ec1 sau b\u1edbt ch\u1eef \\\"T\u01b0\u1ee3ng\\\" m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \\\"L\u00e2m \u1ea4p\\\". C\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u1ea4p bao g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edd 1. Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T .l, S\u0111d, tr 291. - H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u00c1p ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 190, ri\u00eang \u0110\u00e0o Duy Anh cho r\u1eb1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u00c2p ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1m n\u1ed5 ra cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m \u1edf qu\u1eadn T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 137. - C\u00f3 1 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p l\u00e0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edd 2 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Khu Li\u00ean. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, Khu Li\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, Khu Li\u00ean - Kurung, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 T\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Vua. 271","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 ph\u00eda nam Giao Chi v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n. Theo th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII, t\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u1ea4p \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Ho\u00e0n V\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \\\"Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh\\\" (Champa). * C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb \u1edf Giao Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n hai qu\u1eadn Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c binh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh hai qu\u1eadn khi b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf huy\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u00e2m (Nh\u1eadt Nam) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 137. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. N\u0103m 156, ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec7n C\u01b0 Phong, qu\u1eadn C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 Chu \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Theo th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Chu \u0110\u1ea1t qu\u00ea \u1edf huy\u1ec7n C\u01b0 Phong nay thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Ph\u00fa H\u00e0o, x\u00e3 Th\u1ecd Ph\u00fa, huy\u1ec7n Tri\u1ec7u S\u01a1n. \u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng. Chu \u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 d\u00e2n binh v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh huy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh C\u01b0 Phong, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a binh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 5.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1eeb C\u01b0 Phong ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1eadn tr\u1ecb T\u01b0 Ph\u1ed1, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u00ean Th\u00e1i th\u00fa b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n tan r\u00e3, nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eed Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed H\u1ea1 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em qu\u00e2n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, t\u00e0n s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi1. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m lui v\u00e0o Nh\u1eadt Nam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 160, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Chu \u0110\u1ea1t, n\u0103m 178, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1eadn Giao Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng Long \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u1eadn H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u00d4 H\u1eed (thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc qu\u1eadn Giao Chi) n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n, \u0111u\u1ed5i gi\u1ebft b\u1ecdn quan l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Chu Ngung \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 181, nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n c\u1eed Chu Tu\u1ea5n, Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh Lan L\u0103ng, \u0111em gia binh v\u00e0 binh s\u1edf b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 5.000 qu\u00e2n, h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n s\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u1edf Giao Chi, c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u01a1ng Long. Sau m\u1ea5y 1. Ban Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Thanh H\u00f3a, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Thanh H \u00f3a, T\u1eadp II, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1994, tr. 48. 272","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, qu\u00e2n Chu Tu\u1ea5n m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Sau khi kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a L\u01b0\u01a1ng Long b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u1edf Giao Ch\u00ec v\u1ed1n o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t t\u00ean Th\u1ee9 s\u00f9 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o Chu Ngung n\u00ean n\u1ed5i l\u00ean gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft, sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u1eedi s\u1edb v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i t\u00ean Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed n\u00e0y. Vua H\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eeb sang m\u1ed9t Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 H\u00e0 M\u1ea1nh Ki\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra l\u1ec7nh tha b\u1edbt ph\u00fa d\u1ecbch cho d\u00e2n, tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng t\u00ean quan tham nh\u0169ng, h\u00e0 l\u1ea1m, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m y\u00ean. N\u0103m 184, binh l\u00ednh Giao Chi l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3 T\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p v\u00e0 mua chu\u1ed9c m\u1edbi d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1edbi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Th\u1ecb Trinh * Giao Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch thong tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 II, nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u suy y\u1ebfu. T\u1eeb sau khi d\u1eb9p xong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Ho\u00e0ng C\u00e2n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 c\u00e1c d\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ri\u00eang, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c). T\u1eeb 188, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1t c\u1ee9, ph\u00e2n li\u1ec7t c\u00f9a c\u00e1c S\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u00e9n n\u00e0y, l \u00e0o I h\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed3i l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u00e1n. Sau khi T\u00e0o Th\u00e1o m\u1ea5t, con trai l\u00e0 T\u00e0o Phi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u00e0 Ng\u1ee5y \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Tam qu\u1ed1c (B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y, T\u00e2y Th\u1ee5c, \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u00f4) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 60 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 220 - 280. N\u0103m 220, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng H\u00e1n cai tr\u1ecb Giao Ch\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II, khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1t c\u1ee9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed, Th\u00e1i th\u00fa d\u00f9ng con em, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tha h\u1ed3 v\u01a1 v\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ee5c kho\u00e9t l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u. Sau th\u1eddi n\u00e1m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a anh em S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi con S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 S\u0129 Huy, s\u1eed c\u0169 ghi \u0111\u00e3 \\\"c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i\\\" tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4. Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf v\u00f9ng C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 273","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed L\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i sang \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1ecd S\u0129 \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. C\u0169ng \u1edf th\u00f2i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng Qu\u1ea3ng (\u0111\u00e3 H\u00e1n h\u00f3a) ra kh\u1ecfi Giao Ch\u00e2u, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u. V\u00f9ng Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 thu h\u1eb9p trong c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c2u L\u1ea1c c\u0169 1. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Ng\u00f4, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb \\\"gi\u1eb7c Ng\u00f4\\\" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi chung cho qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef, ca dao c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. S\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, th\u1eddi Tam qu\u1ed1c, c\u0169ng ghi: \\\"gi\u1eb7c Ng\u00f4 ch\u00ednh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u00fa li\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng\\\"2. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c th\u1eddi Tam Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n trai tr\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 phuomg B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfn. Khi T\u00f4n Quy\u1ec1n d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb V\u0169 X\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 Ki\u1ebfn Nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi cho nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4. V\u00f9ng C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. Sau cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a L\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00e0ng nung n\u1ea5u ch\u00ed c\u0103m th\u00f9, s\u1ef1 d\u1ed3n n\u00e9n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef h\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 248, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n t\u00f4n k\u00ednh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1edf v\u00f9ng N\u00f4ng c\u1ed1ng, x\u1ee9 Thanh. * Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau g\u1ecdi t\u00ean Tri\u1ec7u Trinh N\u01b0\u01a1ng hay Tri\u1ec7u Th\u1ecb Trinh. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0-. \\\"M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (248), ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh h\u0103m th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p. Ch\u00e2u qu\u1eadn r\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00f4 v\u01b0\u01a1ng 1. Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T. 1, S\u0111d, tr. 342. - Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 226, sau c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 264 th\u00ec t\u00e1ch h\u1eb3n, nh\u01b0ng ri\u00eang b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u Giao su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi L\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1u. 2. Ng\u1ee5y ch\u00ed, Q4, d\u1eabn theo Phan Huy L\u00ea - Tr\u1ea7n Qu\u1ed1c V\u01b0\u1ee3ng..., L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T.l, S\u0111d, tr. 342. 274","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... cho H\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 \u00fay l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c D\u1eadn l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eeb ki\u00eam Hi\u1ec7u \u00fay. D\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, l\u1ea5y \u00e2n t\u00ecnh ra hi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ba v\u1ea1n nh\u00e0, trong ch\u00e2u l\u1ea1i y\u00ean. \u0110en sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i \u1edf qu\u1eadn C\u1eebu Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u1ea8u (\u1ea2u v\u00fa d\u00e0i ba th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eaft l\u00ean sau l\u01b0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u voi \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c) h\u1ecdp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1edbp qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n, D\u1eadn d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"1. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a cho bi\u1ebft, b\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u sinh ng\u00e0y 2-10 n\u0103m B\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd (226). B\u00e0 l\u00e0 em g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1t, m\u1ed9t Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c trong v\u00f9ng. Cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, b\u00e0 \u1edf v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng anh trai, n\u0103m 20 tu\u1ed5i, b\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong n\u00fai r\u1ed3i chi\u00eau n\u1ea1p binh s\u0129 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, h\u1ee3p binh v\u1edbi anh trai kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Thanh H\u00f3a bao \u0111\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng: \\\"T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ea1p lu\u1ed3ng s\u00f3ng d\u1eef, ch\u00e9m c\u00e1 K\u00ecnh \u1edf bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i giang s\u01a1n, c\u1eddi \u00e1ch n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu khom l\u01b0ng l\u00e0m t\u00ec thi\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\\\". Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1ea5t thong ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 cho ta chi d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t: \\\"Tri\u1ec7u \u00c0u ng\u01b0\u1eddi huy\u1ec7n Qu\u00e2n Y\u00ean (nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quan Y\u00ean)2, C\u1eebu Ch\u00e2n, h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3ng trong n\u00fai B\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec1n. Nay x\u00e9t huy\u1ec7n Quan Y\u00ean x\u01b0a t\u1ee9c huy\u1ec7n Y \u00ean D \u1ecbiih b\u00e2y g i\u00f2 v\u00e0 B\u00d2 \u0110 i\u00e8n x\u01b0a t\u1ee9c xa Ph\u00fa \u0110 i\u00e8n b\u00e2y gi\u1edf\\\"1. \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u00f4ng, huy\u1ec7n Thi\u1ec7u Y\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh Thanh H\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Quan Y\u00ean. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y di t\u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi N\u00fai \u0110\u1ecd. Quanh khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian g\u1eafn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u. Th\u00f4n C\u1ea9m Tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 con voi tr\u1eafng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0 hung d\u1eef hay ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng, B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e1y b\u1eaft v\u00e0 1. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, tr. 106. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Thanh H\u00f3a, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 27: \\\"N\u00fai Quan Y\u00ean\\\". 3. Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, \u0110\u1ea1i Nam nh\u1eaft th\u1eafng ch\u00ed, T\u1eadp II, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1972, tr 285. 275","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, con voi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh trong chi\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u. C\u0169ng theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00fai N\u01b0a, c\u00e1ch qu\u00ea B\u00e0 h\u01a1n 30km l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p r\u00fat x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh T\u01b0 Ph\u1ed1. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, b\u00e0 \u0111em qu\u00e2n vu\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng M\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng Ph\u00fa \u0110i\u1ec1n. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n t\u00edch quanh khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft, tr\u00ean n\u00fai Chung Chinh, b\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd L\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 7 \u0111\u1ed3n l\u0169y v\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ed3n qu\u00e2n doanh. T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra 30 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n N g\u00f41. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f4 n\u1ee9c \u0111i theo v\u1ecb n\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ebb. B\u00e0i ca dao l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n \u1edd h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y: Ru con con ng\u1ee7 cho l\u00e0nh \u0110e m\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda b\u00e0nh cho voi. Mu\u1ed1n coi l\u00ean n\u00fai m\u00e0 coi, Coi B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1ee1i voi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng. T\u00fai g\u1ea5m cho l\u1eabn t\u00fai h\u1ed3ng. T\u00eam tr\u1ea7u c\u00e1nh ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ch\u1ed3ng t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u0169 b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p c\u1ee7a gi\u1eb7c Ng\u00f4 \u1edd C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb h\u1ea1. B\u1ecdn Th\u00e1i th\u00fa, Huy\u1ec7n l\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n. T\u1eeb C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng lan ra v\u00f9ng Giao Chi, v\u00e0o t\u1eadn C\u1eedu \u0110\u1ee9c, Nh\u1eadt Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e0 Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed L\u1ee5c D\u1eadn sang l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u. L\u1ee5c D\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em 8.000 qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi l\u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n y\u1ec3m tr\u1ee3, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed5 k\u00e9o sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tuy l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Thanh H\u00f3a, T\u1eadp II, S\u0111d, tr. 56. 276","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... ch\u1ebd. B\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4 khi th\u00ec d\u00f9ng binh l\u1ef1c, l\u00fac l\u1ea1i mua chu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, ch\u1ee9c v\u1ecb. Ch\u1ec9 sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4 t\u1eadp trung binh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u1edf Giao Chi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tan r\u00e3. Qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4 d\u1ed3n binh l\u1ef1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfn theo 2 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t t\u1eeb T\u1ea1c Kh\u1ea9u ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o qua h\u00e0nh lang Ho\u00e0ng C\u01b0\u01a1ng - Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i - B\u1ea1ch \u00c1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng L\u00e8n v\u00e2y b\u1ee9c ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. M\u0169i th\u1ee9 2 v\u00f2ng qua c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Sung v\u00e0 V\u00edch (L\u1ea1ch Tr\u01b0\u1eddng) ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o ph\u00eda Nam. T\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 B\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec1n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 theo s\u00f4ng L\u00e8n, r\u1ed3i theo s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0o, t\u1eadp trung ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Y\u00ean M\u00f4. Quanh v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd B\u00e0 T ri\u1ec7u1. Su\u1ed1t 2 th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e2y h\u00e3m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 B\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec1n. Sau h\u01a1n 30 tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, qu\u00e2n B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a k\u00e8 th\u00f9. B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 2 - 2 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (248). Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u tuy th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u son ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111inh cao trong phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edd th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 II - III. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, \\\"C\u1eeb s\u00fay\\\", \\\"H\u00e0o tru\u1edfng\\\", qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u1edf kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u0169 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edf i ngh\u0129a L \u00fd B \u00ed v\u00e0 s \u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Nam B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u \u1edf Trung Hoa (420 - 589), B\u1eafc Tri\u1ec1u c\u00f3 n\u0103m tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i: B\u1eafc Ng\u1ee5y (386 - 534), \u0110\u00f4ng Ng\u1ee5y (534 - 550), 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Thanh H\u00f3a, T\u1eadp II, S\u0111d, tr. 57. 277","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 T\u00e2y Ng\u1ee5y (535 - 557), B\u1eafc T\u1ec1 (550-577) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Chu (557 - 581). Nam Tri\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i: T\u1ed1ng (420 - 479), T\u1ec1 (479 - 502), L\u01b0\u01a1ng (502 - 557) v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n (557 - 589) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Ki\u1ebfn Khang th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Hoa. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI, Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 4 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh phong ki\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c: - Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c T\u1ea5n (265 - 420); - Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c T\u1ed1ng (420 - 479); - Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c T\u1ec1 (479 - 502); - Giao Ch\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c L\u01b0\u01a1ng (502 - 557). * Giao Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1ch thong tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng (502 - 557) N\u0103m 502, Ti\u00eau Di\u1ec5n c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 T\u1ec1 l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng (502 - 557). L\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u1ec1 l\u00e0 L\u00fd Kh\u1ea3i mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef Giao Ch\u00e2u. Sau khi di\u1ec7t L\u00fd Kh\u1ea3i, nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. Ti\u00eau T\u01b0, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n th\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u. v \u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng chi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Giao th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn: Giao Chi, T\u00e2n X\u01b0\u01a1ng, V\u0169 B\u00ecnh, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n, Nh\u1eadt Nam, C\u1eedu \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00e2u Giao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 6 ch\u00e2u: 1) Giao Ch\u00e2u (\u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i), bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 trung du B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. 2) Ho\u00e0ng Ch\u00e2u: Mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng b\u00e1c Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u0169 (Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh). 3) \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u: V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n x\u01b0a (Thanh H\u00f3a). 4) Minh Ch\u00e2u. 278","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... 5) \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u. 6) L\u1ee3i Ch\u00e2u. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i S\u0129 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeba quan tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c S\u0129 t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f9a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 ra \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u. S\u1ef1 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nam tri\u1ec1u n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp S\u0129 t\u1ed9c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh trong hai nh\u00f3m qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng S\u0129 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u, b\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0n t\u1ed9c, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p ch\u00e2u, qu\u1eadn... Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp H\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed5ng l\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i lo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c thu gom thu\u1ebf m\u00e1, c\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00fac lao d\u1ecbch, v.v... Nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Te, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u00e2u ph\u00e1i ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 thu\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1n v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee3 con \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a, b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c, t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n. S\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed ti\u00eau \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \\\"L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ti\u00eau T\u01b0 v\u00ec h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n\\\"1. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5 ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn do L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u, cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng chi \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp - Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. 1. Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 ti\u00eau \u00e1n, S\u0111d, tr. 101. 279","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 * Th\u00e2n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00fd B\u00ed L\u00fd B\u00ed (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u00fd B\u00f4n)1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edd Giao Ch\u1ec9. Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Trung Qu\u1ed1c ghi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Giao, c\u00f2n theo th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c Trung Hoa. Ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng di c\u01b0 sang Giao Ch\u00e2u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0n t\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u00fd B\u00f4n, th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 ch\u00e9p: \\\"Vua h\u1ecd L\u00fd, h\u00fay l\u00e0 B\u00f4n\\\" ( Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eeb ti\u00eau \u00e1n). Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edd c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y ghi t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u00ed, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi qu\u1ea3 b\u00ed th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u00eang t\u00ean \u00f4ng. - Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh H\u01b0ng. \\\"Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf qua c\u00e1c di t\u00edch \u1ee1 huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c - H\u00e0 T\u00e2y\\\", Xua v\u00e0 nay, s\u1ed1 335, th\u00e1ng 7- 2009, tr. 23, c\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n th\u1ea7n t\u00edch do H\u00e0n l\u00e2m vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh ph\u1ee5ng so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m H\u1ed3ng Ph\u00fac nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean (1572); sau \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o bia \u0111\u00e1 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 5 (1852), d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n Giang X\u00e1, huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y (c\u0169). \\\"N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 t\u00edch n\u00f3i r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau: - X\u01b0a kia, n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t ta b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. V\u00e0o ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, tu\u1edbng Ti\u00eau T\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u. Ti\u00eau T\u01b0 v\u1ed1n t\u00ednh tham nh\u0169ng, h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ea1c \u00e1c. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c, l\u1ea7m than kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng. - L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u1edd ch\u00e2u Gi\u00e3 N\u0103ng, x\u1ee9 Kinh B\u1eafc c\u00f3 \u00f4ng L\u00fd To\u00e0n l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c1i (nay l\u00e0 Thanh H\u00f3a) v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ecb O\u00e1nh. Hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n hay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m Qu\u00fd M\u00f9i, hai \u00f4ng b\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai kh\u00f4i ng\u00f4, tu\u1ea5n t\u00fa, t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng b\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean con l\u00e0 B\u00ed. Khi L\u00fd B\u00ed l\u00ean 5 tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec b\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft, hai n\u0103m sau th\u00ec m\u1eb9 ch\u1ebft. L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u00f9ng anh l\u00e0 L\u00fd B\u1ea3o ch\u1ecbu tang cha m\u1eb9, gia t\u00e0i b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n h\u1ebft. Hai anh em v\u1ec1 \u1edf v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t. Sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t \u0111em b\u00e1n cho nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 l\u00e0m con nu\u00f4i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd L\u00ea, Nguy\u1ec5n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf th\u00f4n Giang X\u00e1 (x\u1ee9 S\u01a1n T\u00e2y), th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh b\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a trong l\u00e0ng. L\u00fd B\u00ed theo nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a B\u1ea3o Linh thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng \u1ea5y. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 cho L\u00fd B\u00ed h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh. L\u00fd B\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u0103n v\u00f5, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn, c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tham lam t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ti\u00eau Tu. L\u00fd B\u00ed ng\u1ea7m chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u0129 \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u, huy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 \u0110an Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Gi\u00e3 N\u0103ng, Chu Di\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n ba ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng Tinh Thi\u1ec1u, Tri\u1ec7u T\u00fac, Ph\u1ea1m Tu. Qu\u00e2n s\u0129 k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng L\u00fd B\u00ed.\\\" 280","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... theo ghi ch\u00e9p \\\"\u00f4ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u00e3n, v\u00f5\\\". \u00d4ng t\u00e0ng ra l\u00e0m quan v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 Gi\u00e1m qu\u00e2n \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u. Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t t\u00e0n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, \u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n b\u1ecf quan v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, chi\u00eau t\u1eadp nh\u00e2n s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c H\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u0169 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh... \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00e9p L\u00fd B\u00ed qu\u00ea \u1edd huy\u1ec7n Long H\u01b0ng, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1edfi t\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u0103m 621) c\u00f2n t\u00ean Long H\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y1. Qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u00e3 t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh, d\u1ea5u t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v.v... cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u1edf \u1ea5p Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, ch\u00e2u Gi\u00e3 N\u0103ng, x\u1ee9 Kinh B\u1eafc, nay thu\u1ed9c x\u00e3 Ti\u00ean Phong, huy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ed5 Y\u00ean, t\u00ecnh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean2. * Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a L\u00fd B\u00ed C u\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a do L\u00fd B \u00ed kh\u1ecfri x\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0o m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 542. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u ghi r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3: \\\"li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n\\\"3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, 1. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c. S\u0111d, T\u1eadp I, tr. 168. - Minh T\u00fa, \\\"v\u1ec1: L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf\\\", T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ed1 1, 1991, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o b\u00e0n th\u1ea7n t\u00edch do Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00ednh vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 1572, v\u1ec1 L\u00fd Nam \u0110e; cho r\u00e0ng qu\u00ea L\u00fd B\u00ed \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, thu\u1ed9c Giang X\u00e1, huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 2. Huy\u1ec7n \u1ee7y, H\u0110ND - UBND huy\u1ec7n Ph\u1ed5 Y\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean - H\u1ed9i Khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 V\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9a L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u00e8, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013. 3. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edbi thu\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr. 330. 281","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng ch\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed3i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t n\u1ed5i d\u1eady trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00f2i ph\u00f9 t\u00e1 cho \u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Tinh Thi\u1ec1u. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c ch\u00e9p \u00f4ng: \\\"h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi, v\u0103n hay, \u0111\u00e3 sang tri\u1ec1u L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ra l\u00e0m quan, nh\u01b0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 b\u1ed9 L\u1ea1i l\u00e0 S\u00e1i T\u1ed1n cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 h\u1ecd Tinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00ean chi b\u1ed5 cho l\u00e0m Qu\u1ea3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4n lang (ch\u1ee9c quan coi c\u1ed5ng). Tinh Thi\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u h\u1ed3, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u vi\u1ec7c binh v\u1edbi L\u00fd B\u00f4n\\\"1. Tinh Thi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c gi\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u1ec9\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a che \u0111\u1ed9 S\u0129 t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Nam Tri\u1ec1u coi tr\u1ecdng. S\u0129 t\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 con nh\u00e0 danh gia v\u1ecdng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, n\u1ebfu thi \u0111\u1ed7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, c\u1ea5t nh\u1eafc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1eed con nh\u00e0 h\u00e0n s\u0129. S\u0129 t\u1eed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed. Tinh Thi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng L\u0129nh Nam th\u00ec d\u00f9 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb coi th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ebb r\u00fang. U\u1ea5t h\u1eadn v\u00ec b\u1ecb l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn k\u00e8 s\u0129 \u1edf m\u1ed9t nu\u1edbc n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n tim \u0111\u00e9n v\u1edbi L\u00fd B\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0i trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. V\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng lao trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 con Tri\u1ec7u T\u00fac, m\u1ed9t T\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edd v\u00f9ng Chu Di\u00ean (v\u00f9ng \u0110an Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, nay thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). Hai cha con Tri\u1ec7u T\u00fac do \u1edf g\u1ea7n qu\u00ea L\u00fd B\u00ed, ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng chi\u00eau t\u1eadp binh m\u00e3, n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u00ed kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tham gia. Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Tri\u1ec7u T\u00fac l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \\\"\u0111em qu\u00e2n theo vua \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\\\"2. Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng 1. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ee9 th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 167. 2. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, Q.5, S\u0111d, tr. 101. 282","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t gi\u1eb7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd B\u00ed r\u1ea5t t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, phong cho ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u1ea7n t\u00edch x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c, huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh Xuy\u00ean (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac) k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed v\u1edbi Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c \u1edf tr\u1ea1i T\u00e1o Tuy\u1ebfn. Hai \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc binh th\u01b0, luy\u1ec7n v\u00f5, b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u01b0u k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Khi L\u00fd B\u00ed ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng \u0110\u00f4ng L\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n1. Theo th\u1ea7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng trong khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n nhu Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Qu\u1ed1c Oai, \u0110an Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng... nay thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0ng Y\u00ean S\u1edf huy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a, b\u1eafn cung... Khi L\u00fd B\u00ed ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd B\u00ed phong cho ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng. Sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ed9ng. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Di, L\u00e3o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i n\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c L\u00e2m \u00c1p x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd B\u00ed tr\u1ecdng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c Th\u00e1i \u00fay trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. Tham gia cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Ph\u1ea1m Tu2, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi qu\u00ea \u1edf l\u00e0ng Thanh Li\u1ec7t, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 theo L\u00fd B\u00ed trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m \u1ea4p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng sang di\u1ec7t n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edbi th\u00fay \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr 331. 2. Hi\u1ec7n nay, theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho bi\u1ebft, Ph\u1ea1m Tu v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea1m Tu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n L\u00e2m \u1ea4p, khi L\u00e2m \u00c1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00e2u Hoan. Sau chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban Qu\u1ed1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u00ean L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Man t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Tu. Xem th\u00eam Y\u00ean S\u01a1n - Nguy\u1ec5n B\u00e1 H\u00e2n, S\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2009. 283","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 Th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ecnh Tr\u00e2u T\u1ea3o (Gia L\u00e2m) th\u1edd L\u00fd C\u00f4ng Tu\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u1ea1i C\u1ed5 S\u1edf, Qu\u1ed1c Oai nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00f4n Tr\u00e2u T\u1ea3o huy\u1ec7n Gia L\u00e2m. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, lu\u00f4n b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u0103m th\u00f9 b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 thu n\u1ea1p c\u00e1c b\u1eadc h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb binh l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady. L\u00fd B\u00ed kh\u1eddi ngh\u0129a, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eddi \u00f4ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c. \u00d4ng mang theo 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu n\u1ea1p tham gia ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Chi qua kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda t\u00e2y H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n bao g\u1ed3m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh tham gia kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a L\u00fd B\u00ed. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t trong v\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u00e2u Giao, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u d\u00e2ng lan nhanh ra h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u qu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u1ed5 ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 7 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng (542) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi sau 3 th\u00e1ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Long Bi\u00ean, th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. S\u1eed nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng ghi r\u1eb1ng Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Ti\u00eau T\u01b0 qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u00f2ri \u0111em v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t cho L\u00fd B\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00e2u (Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng). B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 tan r\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. * Qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng Sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, b\u1ed9 chi huy qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh Long Bi\u00ean v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1edfi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi thu ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9. T\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u tr\u1edd v\u00e0o ph\u00eda nam v\u1eabn b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ea7n t\u00edch l\u00e0ng L\u01b0u X\u00e1 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ru\u1ed9t c\u00f9a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1m qu\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf T\u00e2n X\u01b0\u01a1ng (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa). L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man l\u00e0m Uy Vi\u1ec5n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng 284","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... v\u00f9ng Nh\u1eadt Nam'. Ba th\u00e1ng sau, nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u1edd cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y. S\u1eeb nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u tham gia tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn: \\\"Sai Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n H\u1ea7u, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed La Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ninh C\u1ef1, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed An Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 L\u00fd Tri, Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00e1n c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh L\u00fd B\u00ed \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u\\\"2. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1edd cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f2n L\u00fd B\u00ed ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u, n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m quan cho nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y: \\\"Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2 (542), m\u00f9a \u0110\u00f4ng th\u00e1ng 12, vua nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng sai L\u00f4 T\u1eeb H\u00f9ng v\u00e0 T\u00f4n Qu\u00fdnh sang x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111ang b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, T\u1eed H\u00f9ng xin \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a Thu s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 T\u00e2n Du h\u1ea7u Ti\u00eau \u00c1nh kh\u00f4ng cho, VQ L\u00e2m h\u00e0u l\u00e0 T\u01b0 l\u1ea1i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c, T\u1eed H\u00f9ng b\u00e1l \u0111\u00e1c d\u0129 \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111i. \u0110\u1ebfn H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1, m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft t\u1edbi s\u00e1u, b\u1ea3y, qu\u00e2n tan v\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i quay v\u1ec1\\\"3. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng: qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, do n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u00ean t\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 \u1edf H\u1ee3p Ph\u1ed1 (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). 1. \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f9ng, Tim hi\u1ebfu cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edbi ngh\u0129a L\u00fd B \u00ed (542 - 548), Kh\u00f3a lu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Khoa S\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p, 1973. 2. La Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 An Ch\u00e2u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u01b0, Q.3. D\u1ea7n theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, T\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d, tr. 100. 3. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, Q. 5, S\u0111d, tr. 102. 285","L\u1ecaCH S \u1eeb VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 * \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u00f9a L\u00e2m \u1eaep Hai l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ee5t ch\u00ed, c\u00f2n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i L\u00fd B\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 tin \u1edf s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. Thanh th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng vang d\u1ed9i. L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi \u0111\u1eadp tan cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, L\u00fd B\u00ed l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m \u1ea4p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. N\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u1ea4p (Champa) \u0111ang d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Vua Rudravarman I, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u Giao b\u1eddi d\u1ea3i Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ee9c. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Giao \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, qu\u00e2n kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, th\u00e1ng 5 - 543 L\u00e2m \u1ea4p \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u. Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Tu mang m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. V\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf \u0111ang l\u00ean, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eadp tan \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n L\u00e2m \u1ea4p t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u C\u1eedu \u0110\u1ee9c, vua Rudravarman I ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c ghi l\u1ea1i: \\\"Qu\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e2m \u1ea4p x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n qu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam, L\u00fd B\u00f4n sai t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m Tu \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edd C\u1eebu \u0110 \u1ee9c\\\"1. S\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n u linh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0i \u0110\u1ee9c, Qu\u1ed1c Oai cho bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u1eed \u0111i ph\u00e1 tan cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m \u00c1p. Ng\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u1ecdc Than v\u00e0 L\u01b0u X\u00e1 th\u00ec ghi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u0111em 5.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o gi\u1eef Nh\u1eadt Nam. Khi qu\u00e2n L\u00e2m \u1ea4p qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1, L\u00fd B\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u1eed Ph\u1ea1m Tu l\u00e0m B\u00ecnh L\u00e2m \u00fay \u0111em qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng. Ket qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Tu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9m ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n 1 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n L\u00e2m \u00c1p2. Sau tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t h\u1eadu, L\u00fd B\u00ed cho \u00f4ng mang h\u1ecd L\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Man (chinh ph\u1ee5c man di). \u00d4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd B\u00ed g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i cho. 1. Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m \u1ee5c, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 168. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi thu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef3 X, S\u0111d, tr. 339. 286","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... * Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 542 cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 1 n\u0103m sau, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Sau nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda nam, ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a L\u00e2m \u1ea4p, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f9a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c L\u1ea1c h\u1ea7u, L\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00fd (544), L\u00fd B\u00ed l\u00ean ng\u00f4i Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi v\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng trang tr\u1ecdng ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft: \\\"Vua nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Nam Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u0103m quan. D\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u00fd mong x\u00e3 t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eady\\\"1. L\u00fd B\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xung \u0111\u1ebf, \u00f4ng ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh c\u00f9a \u00fd th\u1ee9c d\u00e3n t\u1ed9c, c\u00f9a l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n s\u01a1 s\u00e0i, s\u1eeb ghi L\u00fd Nam \u0110e \\\"\u0111\u1eb7t \u1eeb\u0103m quan\\\", nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t chi c\u00f3 hai ban v\u0103n v\u00f5, Tinh Thi\u1ec1u l\u00e0m T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0103n, Ph\u1ea1m Tu l\u00e0m T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f5, Tri\u1ec7u T\u00fac l\u00e0m Th\u00e1i ph\u00f3, L\u00fd Ph\u1ee5c Man l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng coi gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u01a1i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u00e1 quan. Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngay m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn mang t\u00ean Khai Qu\u1ed1c. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u00fac ti\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. 1. \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 118. 287","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nam \u0110 \u1ebf v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng Hai l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng h\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00f4m m\u1ed1i h\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n, c\u00e0ng khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean. M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n n\u0103m 545, tri\u1ec1u L\u01b0ong l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chinh ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. C\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh l\u1edd \u0111i vi\u1ec7c L\u00fd B\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia ri\u00eang, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1eed D\u01b0\u01a1ng Phi\u00eau sang l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giao Ch\u00e2u. Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed l\u00e0m T\u01b0 m\u00e3 Giao Ch\u00e2u gi\u00fap D\u01b0\u01a1ng Phi\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed \u0110\u1ecbnh Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Ti\u00eau B\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi D\u01b0\u01a1ng Phi\u00eau \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y. Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0n m\u00f4n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u00f5 ngh\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ch\u00e2u, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn ri\u00eang g\u1ed3m 3.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trang b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m: qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean, qu\u00e2n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed m\u1ea5y ch\u00e2u \u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u1edf Phi\u00ean Ngung, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ven bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn sang n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 545. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ra gay go v\u00e0 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, theo Tr\u1ea7n th\u01b0, qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nam \u0110e ch\u00ec c\u00f3 3 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng ra mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t Chu Di\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch. Hai b\u00ean giao chi\u1ebfn \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, qu\u00e2n L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ec3 lui v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh \u1edf c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch. Th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf, qu\u00e2n \u00edt, L\u00fd Nam \u0110e kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui theo s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng l\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh Gia Ninh (Trung H\u00e0, Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec). Theo th\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1n Thanh Li\u1ec7t, trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edd th\u00e0nh T\u00f4 L\u1ecbch, t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m Tu \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh. Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean th\u1eeba th\u00e1ng truy \u0111u\u1ed5i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf t\u1eadn th\u00e0nh Gia Ninh. L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u1edf th\u00e0nh Gia Ninh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4. Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng do D\u01b0\u01a1ng Phi\u00eau chi huy k\u00e9o l\u00ean ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n cho Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean. Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 546, qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng 288","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, qu\u00e2n ta ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u1edd \u0111\u1ed9ng L\u00e3o \u1edf T\u00e2n X\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 (V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac). Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian chinh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 546, L\u00fd Nam \u0110e k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng L\u00e3o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7y \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed3 \u0110i\u1ec3n Tri\u1ec7t (L\u1eadp Th\u1ea1ch, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac). Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2n gian \u1edf v\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 cho bi\u1ebft: ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u1ea1i tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3i, thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 th\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 di t\u00edch th\u00e0nh Den, th\u00e0nh L\u0129nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3i cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Vua ng\u1ef1, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i L\u00fd Nam \u0110e h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh... T\u1ea1i b\u1ed1n th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 T\u1ee9 Y\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf, L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T \u1eed ... Qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng L\u00f4, qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda h\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed th\u1ebf d\u00e0n tr\u1eadn ch\u1edd \u0111\u00f3n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u00fat do d\u1ef1, ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00eam h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng L\u00f4 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd d\u00e2ng cao, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 7 th\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ed3. B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh... Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 L\u00fd kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, thua to, qu\u00e2n s\u0129 tan v\u1ee1 h\u1ebft. L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng Khu\u1ea5t L\u00e3o (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Khu\u1ea5t Li\u00eau). Sau khi r\u00fat v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng, L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u. L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e0n giao quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh cho Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn. Hai n\u0103m sau, L\u00fd Nam \u0110\u1ebf qua \u0111\u1eddi (548), l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh do L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Trung. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh do Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c chi huy lui v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edd \u0111\u1ea7m D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch (Kho\u00e1i Ch\u00e2u, H\u01b0ng Y\u00ean). L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n (Thanh H\u00f3a), c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi L\u00fd Thi\u1ec7u Long \u0111em hai v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh) gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn ra v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1i (Thanh H\u00f3a), nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat l\u00ean v\u00f9ng 289","L\u1ecaCH S \u1eed VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du ch\u00e2u \u00c1i (Thanh H\u00f3a, gi\u00e1p L\u00e0o), tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng D\u00e3 N\u0103ng v\u00e0 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o Lang v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ebb, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f9ng cha tham gia ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y L\u00fd B\u00ed kh\u1edfi binh. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd Nam \u0110e t\u00fai nhi\u1ec7m giao cho ch\u1ee9c T\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea7m D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y s\u00e1t ngay s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i um t\u00f9m, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o. S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u1ef7 to\u00e0n th\u01b0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"Ch\u1eb1m n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Chu Di\u00ean, chu vi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eb7m, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y um t\u00f9m, b\u1ee5i d\u1eadm che k\u00edn, \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u1edb \u0111\u1ea5t cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ed1n xung quanh b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ef1a kh\u00f3 \u0111i, chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf ch\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0o \u0111i l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean c\u00f2 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nhung n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng quen \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 v\u00e0o, l\u1ee1 sa xu\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u1eafn c\u1eafn ch\u1ebft\\\"1. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1eddng cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ea9n n\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n hai v\u1ea1n ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Ban ng\u00e0y, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eaft h\u1ebft kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00eam d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u00e0m ticu hao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p, mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hai b\u00ean gi\u1eb1ng co toong th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn du k\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7t cho t\u00ean g\u1ecdi: \\\"D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch v\u01b0\u01a1ng\\\". Sau khi L\u00fd Nam \u0110e qua \u0111\u00f2i \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng Khu\u1ea5t L\u00e3o, Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qua b\u1ed1n n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1edd n\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 548- 552 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n. N\u0103m 547, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean tr\u1edd v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Cao Y\u00ean, n\u0103m 551 l\u00e0m Th\u1ee9 s\u1eed Giang Ch\u00e2u, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c Th\u1eeba t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u0103m 557, Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 Ti\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp ng\u00f4i 1. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, T\u1eadp I, S\u0111d, tr. 119. 290","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... nh\u00e0 L\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp n\u00ean nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 D\u1ea1 Tr\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 tung qu\u00e2n ra, m\u1edd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Long Bi\u00ean, \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edd c\u00f5i. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf Long Bi\u00ean. H\u1eadu L\u00fd Nam \u0111\u1ebf * Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c Sau khi thua tr\u1eadn \u1edf \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u, L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0o Lang v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng D\u00e3 N\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t L\u00e0o. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o c\u0169ng cho \u0111\u1eafp th\u00e0nh l\u0169y, c\u00f3 trong tay kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, l\u1ea5y t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 D\u00e3 N\u0103ng. N\u0103m 555, L\u00fd Thi\u00ean B\u1ea3o ch\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecd L\u00fd l\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed l\u00ean thay. N\u0103m 557, L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed t\u00ecm v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n giao chi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng khi L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed xin gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a, Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecd L\u00fd n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Hai b\u00ean t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a, chia \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y b\u00e3i Qu\u1ea7n Th\u1ea7n \u1edf v\u00f9ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng C\u00e1t (T\u1eeb Li\u00eam, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0m ranh gi\u1edbi. Theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u00e3i Qu\u1ea7n Th\u1ea7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f9a Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb b\u00e3i Qu\u1ea7n Th\u1ea7n tr\u1edb v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l \u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f9a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1ee9. H\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf Long Bi\u00ean, h\u1ecd L\u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 \u1edf \u00d4 Di\u00ean, nay thu\u1ed9c H\u1ea1 M\u1ed7, huy\u1ec7n \u0110an Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u00e0 N \u1ed9i1, sau l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Phong Ch\u00e2u... Quang Ph\u1ee5c c\u00f2n g\u1ea3 con g\u00e1i l\u00e0 C\u1ea3o N\u01b0\u01a1ng cho con trai Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed l\u00e0 Nh\u00e3 Lang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh h\u00f2a hi\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 571, L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed nh\u00e2n s\u01a1 h\u1edf c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec7u Quang Ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ecd Tri\u1ec7u, chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai. C\u00e1c s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u ghi l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 \u0110\u00e2u M\u00e2u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc do quan h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng gia (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf th\u1eddi An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng). Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, con trai 1. \u0110\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi, S\u0111d, tr. 84: \u00d4 Di\u00ean nay thu\u1ed9c H\u1ea1 M\u1ed7, huy\u1ec7n \u0110an Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. 291","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 Nh\u00e3 Lang c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 \u0110\u00e2u M\u00e2u, Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i, mang con g\u00e1i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda nam, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Nha, c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 v\u1eabn. L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed c\u0169ng x\u01b0ng Nam \u0111\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00fd Nam \u0111\u1ebf. * Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1eadu L\u00fd Nam \u0111\u1ebf N\u0103m 581, \u1edd Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. N\u0103m 589, nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y di\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n \u1edf Giang Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0 Giao Ch\u00e2u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ee7 T\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n \u1edf Qu\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u qu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c L\u0129nh Nam. T\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n Qu\u1ebf Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Linh H\u1ed3 Hy c\u00f2n thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u qu\u1eadn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta nh\u01b0 An Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh Hoan Ch\u00e2u... Nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y c\u00f2n b\u1eaft th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf L\u0129nh Nam ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o ch\u1ea7u Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf. Theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y, n\u0103m 602 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea7u Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Hoa. Nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ch T\u00f9y th\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed \\\"mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n\\\", \\\"l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n\\\"... ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec t\u1ecf ra th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u, duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh Giao Ch\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. Th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 603, T\u00f9y V\u0103n \u0111\u1ebf c\u1eed L\u01b0u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea3n, Kinh \u0110\u1ee9c L\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed, th\u1ed1ng su\u1ea5t 27 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n doanh, qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 10 v\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y, L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eeb v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p r\u00fat ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i Quy\u1ec1n (anh c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Long Bi\u00ean. T\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00fd Ph\u1ed5 \u0110inh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh \u00d4 Di\u00ean. L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef \u1edf th\u00e0nh c \u1ed5 Loa. 292","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e2n Nam ti\u1ebfn sang, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng T\u1ee5 Long, ch\u00fang v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a 2.000 qu\u00e2n V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn di\u1ec5n ra \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, kh\u00ed th\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea, n\u00ean qu\u00e2n V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00e2n L\u01b0u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh C\u1ed5 Loa. \u1edc \u0111\u00e2y, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba mua chu\u1ed9c, d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng. L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An. Nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh kh\u00e1c trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n T\u00f9y \u1edd nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, song cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed khi\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u00e2u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. C\u00e1c s\u1eed gia sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed d\u00f9ng k\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t Tri\u1ec7u Vi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e0ng c\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c l\u00ean \u00e1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed. Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean vi\u1ebft: \\\"Vua d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u gian tr\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec1u phi ngh\u0129a\\\"1. Ng\u00f4 Th\u00ec S\u0129 l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: \\\"Qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u01b0a b\u1eafn m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1i l\u1ea1\\\", \\\"Sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4n m\u00e0 sau l\u1ea1i ngu, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 sau l\u1ea1i h\u00e8n th\u1ebf?\\\"2. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u00f2 s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n th\u1eddi H\u1eadu L\u00fd Nam \u0111\u1ebf. N\u01b0\u1edbc V\u1ea1n Xu\u00e2n non tr\u1ebb, v\u1eeba k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gian kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n L\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng xo\u00e1y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc suy y\u1ebfu. V\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 L\u00fd Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1ea1i \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00fac quanh co, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a phong ki\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. 1. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0111d, tr. 124. 2. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd ti\u1ec1n bi\u00ean, Q5, S\u0111d, tr. 113. 293","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 \u1ea2nh 12. L\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng - \u0110\u1ec1n Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, x\u00e3 M\u00ea Linh, huy\u1ec7n M\u00ea Linh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Ngu\u1ed3n: V\u0169 Duy M\u1ec1n. 294","Ch\u01b0omg IV. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i... Anh 13. \u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, x\u00e3 M\u00ea Linh, huy\u1ec7n M\u00ea Linh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i Ngu\u1ed3n: V\u0169 Duy Men. 295","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V T\u00ccNH H\u00ccNH KINH T\u1ebe, V\u0102N H\u00d3A GIAO CH\u00c2U (TH\u1ebe K\u1ef6 VI - X) I. KINH T\u1ebe 1. Kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb Tam qu\u1ed1c (Ng\u1ee5y - Th\u1ee5c - Ng\u00f4) \u0111\u1ebfn Nam B\u1eafc tri\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfn tranh lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, phu thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u01b0u t\u00e1n, ph\u00e1 s\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sang th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u01a1 T\u00f9y, khu v\u1ef1c Giao Ch\u00e2u t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ea1m y\u00ean \u1ed5n so v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e2m \u1eaep, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n theo v\u00e0 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u00edt l\u00e2u sau, nh\u00e0 T\u00f9y suy y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1eabn nhau, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i khai th\u00e1c ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf. V\u00ec ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. Kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u hom, n\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n. Theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a s\u1eed s\u00e1ch cho bi\u1ebft: D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa hai m\u00f9a ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u00c1i Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa ch\u00edn hai m\u00f9a. S\u00e1ch Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n v\u0169 k\u00fd ghi ch\u00e9p: 296","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Giao Ch\u00e2u... Th\u1ed5 s\u1ea3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Giao c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng Cam ch\u01b0 (khoai lang)... Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3, c\u00e2y c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i (b\u00f4ng, gai), c\u00e2y ch\u00e8, c\u00e2y l\u00e0m m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac. S\u00e1ch T\u01b0 tr\u1ecb th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m, cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng b\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"M\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng hai th\u00e1ng ba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gieo giong, moi th\u00e1ng x\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t xung quanh g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y ba l\u1ea7n. \u0110en m\u00f9a H\u00e8 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t, m\u00f9a Thu ra hoa v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i k\u00e9t qu\u1ea3. Khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn th\u00ec n\u1ee9t c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t, \u1edf trong c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i b\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba lay thanh s\u1eaft c\u00e1n b\u1ecf h\u1ea1t \u0111i, l\u1ea5y b\u00fai b\u00f4ng ra. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng thanh tre u\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n cong nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i cung, d\u00e0i kho\u00e1ng 4 th\u01b0\u1edbc 5 t\u1ea5c, bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y ngang nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y cung, b\u1eadt c\u00e1c n\u1ecdn b\u00f4ng cho t\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u, r\u1ed3i \u0111em cu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng ong nh\u1ecf, l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i gu\u1ed3ng xa m\u00e0 xe th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f3 t\u01a1 t\u1eb1m, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o, c\u1ee9 the m\u00e0 d\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i. \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M an\\\" \u1edf Nh\u1eadt Nam d\u1ec7t b\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n, tr\u00ean th\u00eau nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hoa v\u0103n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00e1i b\u01b0\u1edbm trang\\\"'. v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng \u1edd Giao Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u00e2y ch\u00e8 kh\u00e1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. S\u00e1ch Tr\u00e0 kinh c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c V\u0169 \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft: \\\"Ch\u00e8 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y qu\u00fd \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, c\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y Qua l\u00f4, l\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 D\u00e0nh d\u00e0nh (chi t\u1eed), hoa nh\u01b0 hoa T\u01b0\u1eddng vi trang, nh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecb \u0110inh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb r\u1ea5t h\u00e0n.... Giao Ch\u00e2u r\u1ea5t qu\u00fd ch\u00e8, khi c\u00f3 kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1i th\u00ec pha m\u1eddi. (theo) S\u00e1ch Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u00ed th\u00ec... Qua l\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ch\u00e8 l\u00e1 to nh\u1ecb nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng.\\\"2 D\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, quan l\u1ea1i Trung Hoa sang Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u00e1c trang \u1ea5p ri\u00eang; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Ket qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 - nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh 1. Ki\u1ec1u Thu Ho\u1ea1ch, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (V\u0103n h\u00f3a ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t - V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u0103mpa - V\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u00f9 Nam), T\u1eadp II, B\u1ea3n vi t\u00ednh, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2011, tr. 339. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, T\u1eadp II, S\u0111d, tr. 340. 297","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c trang \u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u00e0m thu\u00ea ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba); ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0y c\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng n\u1ed9p t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf, g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu lao d\u1ecbch cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII tr\u1edd \u0111i, kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1nh t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Cho n\u00ean, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 687, L\u01b0u Di\u00ean H\u1ef1u khi ra gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a L\u0129nh Nam, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 thu m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, sang th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII - IX, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00e1c ph\u00fa thu\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00eam. S\u00e1ch C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0 cho bi\u1ebft: L\u00fd Tr\u00e1c gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \\\"An Nam\\\" \u0110\u00f4 h\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i Trung th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 10 (853 - 856) \\\"tham lam \u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00fa thu\u1ebf t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o''2. Chi\u1ebfn tranh li\u00ean mi\u00ean, b\u1edfi n\u1ea1n x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh, Ch\u00e2n L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Nam Chi\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Giao Ch\u00e2u, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam ph\u00fa thu\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Giao Ch\u00e2u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI - X b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m, ri\u00eang ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 r\u00e8n s\u1eaft, \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng; ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ea1ch ng\u00f3i, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m s\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hom. Theo k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII - X truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1m th\u00f4 \u0110\u00f4ng S\u01a1n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ea5t nung. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u00f2nung g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m. B\u1edfi 1. C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0, quy\u1ec3n 182, ph\u1ea7n Cao Bi\u1ec1n li\u1ec7t truy\u1ec7n. 2. C\u1ef1u \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0, quy\u1ec3n 190, ph\u1ea7n V\u0103n Uy\u1ec3n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. 298"]
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