ومضات

301 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w ºã m§A GkØ ] ¥½±†§A° ¥½±†§A B´‡±{ »ã — B´M S«B› »ã T§A B´MnB\\U ¥z–M −«ÆU B«k® »Ñ ‡B{ »¦ ±woU »ØTe ³¼— oØ ªTvU ”±w° ,¸B¼d§A −½j ™¼šdU ¥¼Lw »ã — ³TŽ†› −« ¤°Ø E Ç ¬±ª¦vª§A B´½Ø E Ç ©T¯E A±¯±āT¦— ,¸B¼d§A°¹¼Ø ¯Bv¯¿á A ¹Ž¼L†§A−½j ,¨Àw¿á A ©¼µB–ªM ³Ø¦Ÿ ©§BŽ§A »¦ Ø z½ Hؼ«ÀwAá HŽªT\\« ©¼š½° ,»Ñ ‡Bz§A Amµ »¦ ±wo½ ,³T«AoŸ jo–¦§ ™šØ d¼— ,¹¼Ø ¯Bv¯¿á A B´® Rq\\ »ã T§A ¸q\\Žª§A™Øšd½° ,™Ø d§A°¹§AkŽ§A ,³UjBŽw°³UB¼e Amµ»ã — ¿° ,³TŽ¼L‡° ³Tؽoe ÎAl»ã — ™®h½¿° ³›±še ªT\\ª¦§° ¥ªzU »ã T§Ak¼e±T§A AmµKŽ{Ô ° }§Bh§Ak¼e±T§A tBwE»¦ ¨±š½ ¿ ¨BŠ¯¥Ø Ÿ ¬Ø Bá — »ã — nk~¼w JBTŸ »ã — ϧl c‚ØT½ BªŸ ϧl ™šØ d½ ¬E −āª½ ¿ B´Ø¦Ÿ ¸B¼d§A »ã eA±¯ /&A ¾B{ ¬Aá (B®T–v¦—) ©wBM ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A ©½oā§A kL ¾A±¦§A ¥†L§A ¤ApE ¬E kŽM ¼´ª§A B´š½o‡ Rk]° k› ¹®¼–v§A ¬Ø Aá A°kØ Ž½ ¬E ¨Àw¿á A »§Aá ¸Bk§A»¦Ž— ,B´ƒoTŽU S¯BŸ »ã T§A¹½Ø nBªŽTw¿ARBLšŽ§A©wB› /»Ñ ‡Bz§A ϧl »®āv§ H½Ø oā—° Hؼe°n −½oMBŽ§A ,GkØ ] ¤B‡° kŽM k› k¼Žv§A »Ñ ‡Bz§A ϧmM ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹Ø«¿Ô A k´ ¬Ø E ›A±§B— ¹Ø«¿Ô A kŽTLU ¬E RjBŸ° ,»Ñ ‡Bz§A ϧl ZAq« »ã µ »ã T§A ¹¼Ø e°o§A ¸°m\\§A B´¼— S–Žƒ° Aq“ ¬E m®« ,¨Àw¿á A »Ñ ‡B{ »ã — ¹¼Ø BªT]¿A ¸jBŽv§AB´¼¦ qāUoU »ã T§A³ª¼µB–« − ©¼š§ B´¼— ƒ±« ¿ »ã T§A ¹Ø½jBª§A ³TªŠ¯E ©´¼§Aá ¥ªe° ,−¼ª¦vª§A jÀM nBªŽTw¿A /˜Ài¿Ñ A° b°o§A ±µ° Ç ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A ¨Àw¿á A °k B´¼— »§Ø ° »ã T§A ¹ªwBd§A ¹Bv§A ²mµ »ã — K\\¼— ¹½Ø oā–§A ¾A±]ÀÑ § B®v–¯E »Ñ ؼ´®§ ,¨Àw¿á BM B®§±š° B®eA°nE ÀÑ ª¯ ¬E Ç nBªŽTw¿A − B®UB«±¦Ž« −« k½qTv¯ ¬E° ,tkØ šª§A »Ñ ‡Bz§A ϧl oªŽU »ã T§A ¹¼Ø BªT]¿A° ¸jB¼šŸ B´¦ªe »¦ ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A º±šT§ ,BµB½Aq«° B´~ÄB~i° ¨Àw¿á A ¹§Bwn /©§BŽ¦§ ¹½Ø oā—

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 302 j°ke ¿Ø Aá Gj°ke ”oŽU ¿ ¹Ø«B ¹¼Ø ¯Bv¯Aá ¸±j° ¹½Ø oā— ¹§Bwn ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø Aá /¸k¼šŽ§A ±µ tBw¿Ñ A° ¸oā–§A ±µ ¬Aq¼ª§B— ,B´M ozØ LU »ã T§A ¸oā–§A »ã T§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹§°k§A −« b±ƒ±M ϧl −ؼLT¯ ¨Àw¿á A g½nBU B®Ž]An AlAá ° tBwE »¦ ¹ªÄB› ¹Ø½oā— ¹§°j B´¯Ø Bá — ,tkØ šª§A ºã ±L®§A WŽLª§A Amµ − SšXL¯A ¬Bªƒ »ã —° ©¼āe ™§Bi − ¸B¼d§A ˜BXL¯A »ã — }hØ ¦T½ ºã m§A ¸B¼d§A − B´«±´–« k½k] ¬BŸ ¬Aá ° Ç ¨±´–ª§A Am´M −«C −« ¥Ø Ÿ° /²Bƒn ¥¼¯° ³«BŠ¯ m¼–®TM B´UjBŽw ¸k´° ¸jB¼› ¨B«p ³§ ©¦Ø v½ k›° ¹§°k§A »ã — Gjo— ¨Àw¿á A ²oLTŽ½ ¬BŸ Ç ¬Bª½¿á A RAnBLT¿A oÄBw − Ø ’§A « ³¦š° ³L¦› »ã — ¹š¼ª ¸oā–§A S¯BŸ AlAá ,©āe /ºoi¿Ô A S¯BŸ° ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹§°k§A »ã — H¯B´« ¬BŸ ©¦vª§A o¼“ ¬Ø E ϧl »®Ž« u¼§° ¹®‡A±ª§A RBL]A±M ©ÄBš§A ©¦vª§A o¼’§ ¬BŸ ¥M ,o†h¦§ ¹Ó ƒo ³›±še° ³T«AoŸ ¹¼Ø ®½k§A ³§BªE ¹wnBª« »ã — ³Tؽoe° ³¯F{° ³T«AoŸ° ³T«oe° ³›±še ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A /¹½Ø k¼šŽ§A° −¼®‡A±ª§A −« ©¦vª§A o¼’§ ¹«Aoā§A o¼—±U »¦ ¨Àw¿á A |oe ‘¦M k›° H«±½ k]° −¼ª¦vª§A ¹–¼¦i ¬Ø E ,Go¼Š¯ B´§ ¹Ø¼¯Bv¯¿á A k´zU ©§ »ã T§A ¹§AkŽ§A ™¼L†U° (c½o{) ³ªwA° ¸B‚š§A keE »§Aá ³M ¥L›F— ,tB®§A ¹«Ø B −« »Øã d¼v« k® ³nj ©§° »ã nj B´¯Ø Aá : ¹–¼¦h§A ¤B› ,»ã ƒBš§A ¨B«E ¬À]o§A ¬BŸ BªØ §° ,³¼ƒBš½° ³ªBh¼§ ?−¼®«Æª§A o¼«E ¤±š½ Bª¼— ¤±šU B« : »ã d¼vª§A¥]o§A »ã ƒBš§A ¤Fv— /KµE ©§° ME S–T§A B®µ° ,JlBāM ºã k® −®¼«Æª§A o¼«E B«° »ã nj ¿Ø Aá Œnk§A B« : »ã d¼vª§A ¤Bš— ¹–¼¦h§A Ïd‚— ?ϧ Œnk§A ²mµ ¬Ø E k´zU ¹®Ø¼M −« ¥µ ³§Fv½ ¹–¼¦h§A »§Aá »ã ƒBš§A BµmiF— »ã d¼vª§A ¥]o¦§ Œnk§BM c½o{ »‚š— ,¹®¼Ø M »ã § B« ,c½o{ JBE : ¤B›° ²mµ ¬Ø E k´{F— B¯E B«Ø E : ¤±š½ jB »ØTe ¥ÄÀ› RA±†i …h½ ©§ ³¯Ø E ¿Ø Aá ,»z«°

303 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w &A° Œnk§A : ¤B› ©Ø Y !!³¼¦ »ã ‚š½ €à B› »§Aá »ã ®®½k½ −¼®«Æª§A o¼«E ,¾B¼L¯E ¨BāeE Amµ tB®§A k´{ −«p kŽM° /S¼jØ A Bª¼— HMlBŸ S®Ÿ k›° −¼®«Æª§A o¼«E B½ Ϗnj /(1)¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ÎnBŽª§A »ã — GkµB\\« †M° Hª¦v« Hؽk®] »ã d¼vª§A ¥]o§A /¥«B{»ã ®½jWŽM° ©¼Š »ã e°n ½°oU»§Aá ZBTdU B´ª¼µB–« ²mµ ¹Ó §°j¬Ø Aá /¨ÀvM »Ñ ‡Bz§A »§Aá ¥~®§ ¬±ª¦vª§A B´½Ø E ©¼µB–ª§A ²mµ »§Bá — qÔ ½qß ŽÒ ÇÖ§A ±Ò ´Ô ÇÒ§ ³Ò ÇÚ¦§A ¬Ú Aá °Ò ³Ô ÇÚ¦§A ¿Ø Aá ³à ÇÒ§Aá −Ö Ç«ß B«Ò °Ò ™Û dÒ §Ö A }Ô ~Ò šÒ §Ö A ±Ò ´Ô Ò§ AmÒ µÒ ¬Ú Aá ) ¥Ò ½kß ÖLÒU ¿Ò B´Ò Ö¼¦Ò Ò tÒ BÚ®§A oÒ †Ò —Ò »ã Tß §Ú A ³ß ¦Ú §A Ò¸oÒ †Ö —ß H–¼®ß eÒ −ß ½kÙ ¦§ß ÏÒ ´Ò ]Ö °Ò ©Ö ›ß F—Ò ) (2)(©Ô ¼āß dÒ §Ö A /(3)(¬Ò ±ªÔ Ò¦ŽÖ Ò½ ¿Ò tß B®Ú §A oÒ ÒXŸÖ E −Ú āß Ò§°Ò ©Ô ¼Ù šÒ Ö§A −Ô ½kÙ §A ÏÒ ß§lÒ ³ß Ú¦§A ™ß Ö¦hÒ ß§ /&A ¾B{ ¬Aá K½oš§A »šT¦ª§A »§Aá ° ”o{¿A •\\®§A »ã — ¾Bª¦Ž§A ¹Bª] µ 1378 K]n 27 ¹Žª\\§A nBdÇM ; 10ë : 2 K›B®Çª§A ; 320 : 1 Kµm§A RAnmÇ{ ; ê : 8 ¹½B´Ç®§A° ¹Ç½AkL§A ; ê7 : 1 RAnB’§A (1) / ëì : ê1 nA±¯¿Ñ A / ì2 : ¬Aoª ¤C (2) / 30 : ¨°o§A (3)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 30ê MBv§A n±z®ª§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM /(1)(»ã ®ß ŽÒ ÒLÚUA −Ö «Ò °Ò BÒ¯E ¸à oÒ ¼~ß ÒM »¦Ò Ò ³ß Ú¦§A »Ò§Aá ±Ô jÖ E »ã ¦ß ¼Lß wÒ ²ß mß µÒ ¥Ö ›Ô ) /²jB´]° ³U±Ø › »ã — ¨Àw¿á A ©´¼¦ qāUo½ −½m§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A JBL{ »§Aá /³T§BwoM o¼zLT§A° ³T½An —n »§Aá ¸±Ø kª§A ¹Ž§B†§A qpomn kªØ d« ¤B¼]E »§Aá k¼e±§A tnBd§A ±µ ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø FM −¼®«Æª§A K¼Ld§A ¬B¼ā§A »¦ ºnB¼’§A »§Aá /³® »ã «Bdª§A° ¬B¼ā§A ϧm§ ©¼µB–ª§A −« B´¼— B« »¦ B´§BL›Aá ° ,RB¯B¼L§A ²m´M ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¾B–TeA ¬Ø Aá ¹Ø¼®µm§A jAkŽTwA ºk« − •zŸ ,¸A°Bvª§A° ¤kŽ§A° o¼h§BM ¸¾BƒØ ±§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A Æ¼Ø ´U −° ,mqpon K¼Ld§A B´¼Ø L¯ ¹§Bwn « k½k] −« J°B\\T¦§ ¹~¦hª§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ,H¯B®Ãª‡A° H¯Bª½Aá K¦š§A ÀÑ ª½ H®½j ¨Àw¿á BM nB´~¯À§ ¹ŸnBLª§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹¼Ø e°o§A /GnAošTwA° ¸Ó jBŽw ¸B¼d§A ÀÑ ª½ EÓ kL«° bB‚½Aá ¸jB½qM K§B†U RmiE „Bw°¿Ñ A oXŸE ¬Ø E ¤BL›¿á A Amµ oµBŠ« −«° ¹’§° ¹†¼vM K¼§BwE »ã — B´“±° RB¯B¼L§A »ã — B´¼†Ž¯ »ã T§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ©¼µB–ª¦§ »ØT{ »ã — ¹ŸnBLª§A ©¼µB–ª§A ²mµ ¼zT§° ,B´®« ¸jB–Tw¿A ©Ø ŽT§ ¨±ªŽ¦§ ©´–§A ¸ovØ ¼« /jAo—¿Ñ A •¦Thª§ c¼d~§A ºã oā–§A ¥¼Lv§A ¾»ã ‚U° ¹«Ø BŽ§A „Bw°¿Ñ A −« ²±¦T½ B«° n±z®ª§A Amµ »ã — ‰eÀ¯ ¬E B¯noØ › ,¨±ªŽ§A ¸jAnAá »¦ Á°q¯° ¬E ¼†Tv®§ o¼LŽT§A »ã — GovØ ¼«° H†¼vM H\\´®« mhØT¯° ,c¼ƒ±T§A K¯B] RAn±z®« / 108 : •w±½ (1)

30ë / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w B´ª¼ª −« ¦Tš¯° ,−¼ª¦vª§A −« ¨±ªŽ§A J±¦› ˜BªE »§Aá ¨Àw¿á A ©¼µB–ªM m–®¯ ˜AoŽ§A ¸n±Y ³Tƒ±Ø › ºã m§A ºã nBªŽTw¿A k´Ž§A RB–¦Ø h« −« ¹Ã‡Bh§A ©¼µB–ª§A ¼ª] ¹½Ø oā— ºã mØ ’½ ¬BŸ ¼Š–§A k´Ž§A ϧl ¬Ø Bá — ,™Ø—±ª§A ©½oā§A ©¼q§A ¸jB¼šM ¸nBØL\\§A ¸n°o‚— ,©¼µB–« −« ³¯B¼Ÿ° ³d§B~ªM ¥~ØT½ BªM° ,¨±ªw −« ³§ ±¦d½ BªM ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¨±ªv§A ϦU −« ²o´Ø †½ Gk½k] HXŽM »ã «Àw¿á A oā–§A WŽM »§Aá ±kU ¨±¼§A ¨Àw¿á A /¹¦¼ik§A ¹½Ø nBªŽTw¿A ©¼µB–ª§A ϦU −« ³¼šØ ®½° ,¹w±wkª§A k´ÇŽ§A ¥Ø Ç‹ »ã Ç— Fz¯ B« −¼ª¦vª§A ¬B¼Ÿ »¦ ©¼µB–ª§A ϦU o†iE −«° \\Ø {° ,¹Ø«¿Ô A −« tB®§A ¹«Ø B −µl »ã — ¹wB¼v¦§ |Ý Bi ¨à ±´–« −« ºã nBªŽTw¿A ¸k{BÇe S¯BŸ BªØ § ¹½Ø nBªŽTw¿A ¹wB¼v§A ¬Ø Bá — ,³T½±šU° ²q¼ŸoU »¦ nBªŽTw¿A nB~— ,Hµ±Ø z« GnB‡Aá B´§ RmhØUA K½lBŸ¿Ñ A° ¥Th§BM ¸oiAp° ¹Ž½kh§A° oāª§BM ÎB´T¯A° ˜±šd§A JB~T“A° ¾A±T§¿A ¿Ø Aá ¹wB¼v§A−« ¬±ª´–½ ¿ −¼ª¦vª§A −« oÕ ¼XŸ /B´T«AoŸ° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A RB«oe ¹wB¼v§A −¼M −½BLT§A ¸oā— ³® SšXL¯A ©´¯BµlE »ã — ¨±´–ª§A Amµ qŸØ oU BªØ §° ¨Àw¿á A ›A° − ¾B¼{¿Ñ A kŽME B´Ø¯FŸ ¹wB¼v§A »§Aá ¬°oŠ®½ A°nB° ,¨Àw¿á A° ±Ø Ç\\§A »ã Ç— SBÇ{ »ã T§A tB¯j¿Ñ A ϦU −« oµB‡ −Õ ½j ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø ¿Ñ ,²oµ±]° −« ¹wB¼v§A ¨±´–« ¬±ā½ ¬E »ã Ž¼L†§A −«° ,nBªŽTw¿A k½ »¦ ¾±M±ª§A »ã wB¼v§A /¤B¼Te¿A° KÀT§A ±µ ¹wB¼v§A »®Ž« ¬BŸ AlAá ¨Àw¿á A − ©¼µB–ª§A kŽME oÇā— »ã — S«B› »ã T§A ¹®½BLª§A ²m´§ bB¼Un¿A ¥Ú Ÿ ¬°oªŽTvª§A bBUnA k›° ²mµ »ã — A°k½q½ ¬E A±§°Be° ,¹wB¼v§A ›A°° ¨Àw¿á A ¹š¼še −¼M ¹Ø«¿Ô A −« ¹Ø«BŽ§A »¦ −¼ª¦vª§BM ´®½ ¬E ϧl kŽM ¨Àw¿á A ¤°Bd½ ÀØ Ã§ ¬Bµl¿Ñ A »ã — Bª´®¼M ¹Øšz§A »ã — ”±›±§A° »ã wB¼v§A ³¯B¼’‡ ¹«°Bš«° ,nBªŽTw¿A ¹MnBdª§ −¼~¦hª§A ³UjB› k½

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 30ì ,©´d§B~« ©´§ ™Øšd½ ¥ā{ »¦ Bµ°mØ “° Bµ°n±Ø ‡° ¹®½BLª§A ϦU A°qŸØ o— ,³´]° /o½kšU ¥Ø ›E »¦ ™½o†§A »ã — HšÄB •š½ °E ³TƒB–T¯A° ¨Àw¿á A ¹‚´¯ ¬°j ¤±d½° ¹wB¼v§A − ¨Àw¿á A ³M ¥~—° ,nBªŽTw¿A ²BØ®LU ºã m§A Amµ ¹®½BLª§A ¨±´–«° ¥¼\\vU − ©´š¼Ž½° ¨Àw¿á A ¾Bª¦ ™½o‡ €oTŽ½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A ±µ ,¬Bµl¿Ñ A »ã — A±¯BŸ ¬E kŽM ,¬B¼’†§A° nBªŽTw¿A JB†›¿Ñ ¸jØ Bd§A ©´UBƒnBŽ« »ã — ©wBe bB\\¯ ¬°j±š½° ¨BŽ§A −µm§A »ã — ¨±´–ª§A Amµ nBªŽTw¿A ™¦h½ ¬E ¥L› ¬Ak¼ª§A ¬±ƒ±h½ /¹½Ø nBªŽTwA ¹wB¼w °E ºã nBªŽTwA °q“ ¥Ø Ÿ »¦ ¹½Ø o½odT§A RAn±X§A Ç −½oªŽTvª§A −« B¯kµB{ ºã m§A BµB®ŽªM ¿ Ç c¼d~§A BµB®ŽªM ¹wB¼v§A ¬Ø Aá ¹«Ø ÀÔ § ™šØ dU »ã T§A »ã ´— ,¹¼Ø ]nBh§A° ¹Ø¼¦iAk§A B´UB›À° ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¬°Æ{ ¹½Bn »ã µ »ã T§A»ã µ° ,B´¼eA±¯° ¸B¼d§AKŽ{ »TØ { »ã — »ã BªT]¿A B´¯B¼Ÿ B´§ ‰–dU° B´d§B~« /¸B¼d§A »ã — B´]B´®«° B´UB¼e H¼Ø ¦ª ©woU° ,B´UÀ° B´UB›À B´§ jkØ dU B´Ž›A° »ã — BµBØ®¼Ø LU AlBá — ,c¼d~§A »ã eÀ†¿A BµB®ŽªM ¹wB¼v§A »ã µ ²mµ ϦU »ã — ²BLT{¿A° …¦’§A ºk« b±ƒ±§A ¥Ø Ÿ B®§ cƒ°° ¾B®Ø L§A Bµoµ±]° »Ø–~ª§A »ã — S¯BŸ AlAá ¹wB¼v§A¬Ø Bá — ,¨ÀwÀá § ¹¦MBš« ¹†š¯ ¹wB¼v§A¥Ž\\U »ã T§A¸kÄBv§A¸k¼šŽ§A ©¼ªÇ −Ç« »ã ´— B´d§B~« ¹½Bªe° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¬°Æ{ ¹½Bn »ã ®ŽU ¥«Bā§A B´«±´–« B´UB›À ©¼Š®U° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¬°Æ{ ¹½BoM ©Ø TµA BªŸ ¾»ã zM ¨Àw¿á A ©Ø TµA ¥µ° ,¨Àw¿á A /B´¼¦ ¹§jBŽ§A ¹Ø¼BªT]¿A° ¹Ø½jB~T›¿A ¹ªŠ¯¿Ñ A ¾Ao]Aá ° oØLŽ½ »ã T§A¹´½q®§A¹d¼d~§A¹wB¼v§AϦU ¿ −ā§° ,¹wB¼v§A−½BL½ ¨Àw¿á B— RBÇ«Aoā§BÇM nBT´Tw¿A ¹wB¼w −½BL½ BªØ¯Aá ¥M ,‰–ئ§ »ã eÀ†¿A ¨±´–ª§A B´® /B´T«Àw »¦ o«DT§A° B´›±še JÀTwA° ¹Ø¼¯Bv¯¿á A ,¹wB¼v¦§ ºã nBªŽTw¿A »®Žª§BM ¿ −ā§° ,¹Ø¼wB¼v§A ¹Ø¼‚š§A »®Ø LT½ ¨Àw¿á A°

307 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w »ã — ¨ÀwÀá §¥XØ ªª§A moqpn »ã L®§A¬BŸ kš— ,nmpoq &A ¤±wn ³M ¨±š½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A»®Žª§BM ¥M ¬°Æ{ ¹½Bn ¨Àw¿á A ©wBM »§Ø ±T½ ÎnBLª§A ³‡Bz¯° ¹wkØ šª§A ³UB¼e oµBŠ« ¥Ø Ÿ ³TŽ½o{ ¾±ƒ »¦ B´UB¼e ©¼Š®U° Bµn±«ÔA ¹wB¼w° ¹¼Ø BªT]¿A B´UjB¼›° ¹Ø«¿Ô A /¹§jBŽ§A ¹Ø¼´§¿á A HØ Bi EÓ kL« »ã ®ŽU Bª¯Ø Aá ° ,HBh{E »ã ®ŽU ¨ÀwÀá § ¹Ø¼wB¼v§A ¹Ø¼‚š§A Sv¼§° ¥«BŸ ©¦v« ¥Ø Ÿ »¦Ž— ,RBµB\\UØ ¿A° ºÑ jBLª§A ¼ª] ˜±–½ ºã m§A ¨Àw¿á A EkL« ±µ° »ã ±§A Amµ qŸØ o½ ¬E° ,¨Àw¿á A ²k½o½ ºã m§A²B®ŽªM c¼d »ã wB¼w»ã ° Al¬±ā½ ¬E B´¯°Æ{° ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¹¼Ø ‚› ¥Ž\\½ ¬E kØ M ¿ ³«ÀwAá ¹Ž¼L†M ±´— ,¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¸kBš§A »¦ ¤±e −« Ϧª½ B« ¥Ø āM B´¼— ©µBv½ ¬E kØ M ¿ »ã T§A ³UB¼e »ã — »§°¿Ô A ³Tؼ‚› »ã µ »§Aá oŠ®½ ¬E kØ M ¿° /(1)<³Tؼn − ¤°Æv« ©āئŸ° Œà An ©āئŸ> : pmqon ³§±š§ ,¤±‡° B´TŽ¼L†M Ø zU »ã T§A ¨Àw¿á A ¹½°Ap −«° ,}§Bh§A »ã «Àw¿á A nBŠ®ª§BM ¹¼Ø ‚š§A ϦU /»ã š¼šd§A ¨Àv§A »Ñ ‡B{ »§Aá ³M —kU ¬E ¤°BdU° n±®§BM ©§BŽ§A »¦ −« ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A nk~§A »ã — ©¦v« ¥Ø Ÿ ³¦ªd½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A »ã wB¼v§A ©´–§A ±µ Am´— nk~§A »ã — ©¦v« ¥Ø Ÿ ©¼ŠŽ§A Bµ¾A±§ —o½ ¬BŸ »ã T§A ¹§Bwo§A »ã µ ²mµ° ,¨Àw¿á A /H‚½E ¨Àw¿á A −« ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A ¹½Bn ¹wB¼w»ã µ ¨Àw¿á A Bµk½o½ »ã T§A ¹wB¼v§A¬Ø E »ã — ©´–§A ϧl }hØ ¦T½° ,©¦v« ¥Ø Ÿ −« »ã wB¼v§A»ã ±§A Amµ k½o½ ³Ø¯E° ,B´¯°Æ{° B´d§B~«° ¹«Ø ¿Ô BM ¹½B®° ¹§Bwo§A}hØ ¦TU° /™Lw BªŸ <³Tؼn − ¤°Æv« ©āئŸ° Œà An ©ā¦Ø Ÿ> qmpon ¤B› ³Ø¯ ¿Ñ ¹Ø«¿Ô A c§B~ªM ¥Ø–āTª§A ¨BŠ®§A ±µ ¨Àw¿á A ¨BŠ¯ ¬Ø E »ã — »ã ±§A ϧl B´¼¦ qØŸo½ »ã T§A / 38 : 7ë nA±¯¿Ñ A nBdM (1)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 308 −« ϧl »¦ ¤Ø jE ¿° ,¸oi¿Ð BM B´®« ™Ø¦ŽU B«° B¼¯k§BM B´®« ™Ø¦ŽU B« B´¯°Æ{ ¹½Bn° ”oE B« &A° »ã ¯Ø Aá > : ¤Bš— −¼Mo›¿Ñ A ³Uo¼z −¼M HL¼†i •›° −¼e opqnm B®Ø¼L¯ ¤±› B¼Ç¯k§A o¼hM ©āTÃ] k› »ã ¯Ø Aá ,³M ©āTÃ] BªØ « ¥‚—FM ³«±› ¾B] JoŽ§A »ã — HMØ B{ /(1)<¸oi¿Ð A° ///»§BŽU &A ¾B{ ¬Aá K½oš§A »šT¦ª§A »§Aá ° ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A »ã — ¾Bª¦Ž§A ¹Bª] / 2ê u¦\\ª§A ,ë83 : »ã w±†§A g¼z¦§ »ã §B«¿Ñ A (1)

(1)B´T®d« ¬BMØ Aá ¹¼Ø ®½k§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A ¹ª¦Ÿ ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A !¬±®«Æª§A B´½Ø E B´M »ã ®« ¹à L¼~« ©ŠE ºoŸl ¹—Ø BŸ −¼ª¦vª§A »§Aá ° B®¼§Aá ¥ªdU ¨Bؽ¿Ñ A ²mµ ¬Ø Aá ²mµ Fz¯E ºã m§A ©¼ŠŽ§A B´¼Ø L¯ Bµkš— »ã µ° ,¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹Ø«¿Ô A B´M SL¼ÔA° ¨Àw¿á A /Bµj±]° ©§BŽ« B´§ jkØ e° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A H‚½E oØLŽ½ ¬BŸ ¥M ,Kvd— ©à ¼Š ¥à ]n ¸nBvi − oLØ Ž½ »ã L®§AkÔ š— −ā½ ©§° B´āwBªU ŒqqU° Bµj±]±M •~ŽU° ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¬B¼Ÿ jkØ ´U ¹ª¼Š nB†iE ¹½AkM − −TÇ–§A° −dª§A REkM kš— ,¬BŸ Amāµ° /B´Uk¼š° B´T§Bwn Œk~U° B´ªeÀU° ©¼Çād§A −vdÇ« kؼÇv§A »¦Ç¿Ñ A »ã ®Ç½k§A Ç]oǪ§A −Ç« •¼¦āTÇM GFIHE nkÇ~§A k¼´z§A B´LTŸ ¹ª¦Ÿ (1) : ¹¦«BÇ{ ¹¼Ø ¦¼¦dÇU ¸oŠÇ¯ // ©¼Çād§A ¨BÇ«¿á A ¹Ø¼ŽÇ]oÇ« : oŠÇ¯A) ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A ¹®d« ¬BØMAá wyxz{ »ã ÄBL‡BL†§A g½nBTÇM •½oÇz§A ºã ±¦ÇŽ§A −dÇ~§A »ã Ç— ²k§A° − ¹Ó MB¼¯ yxwz{ ©¼ād§A ºã k´« kؼv§A BµBš§E k›° ,( 19 : nkÇ~§A o›BÇM kªØ dÇ« k¼Ø Çv§A k¼´Çz§A k®Ç »ã wB¼v§A ¥ªŽ§A ¹Ø½oŠ¯ : oŠ¯AÔ ) µ 1389 . o– . 27 / ( 2ê9

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 310 −« ¹ªØ Ä¿Ñ A ¸jB¼šM −¼ª¦vª§A −« ¬±A±§A ¬BŸ° ,B´T§Bwn° ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô BM •~ŽU bà °n° ¸à k«B ¸à jAnAá ° −Ý Ãª†« Kà ¦šM −T–§A° −dª§A ϦU ¬±´]A±½ vrstu S¼L§A ¥µE −¼A±§A oÄBw° nB´‡¿Ñ A B®TªØ Ä¿Ñ ¹¼A±§A ¸jB¼š§A S¯BŸ° ,¾Ak–§A° ¹¼d‚T¦§ ¸à kØ ŽTv« ³Ç]° »ã — ¸k«B~§A ¸±Ø š§A° ,”Aod¯¿A ¨kŽ§ k¼e±§A ¬Bª‚§A »ã µ ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¾B®ME −« »ã — HŽ½o ©¼ŠŽ§A ¨B«¿á A Amµ oØ h— ,©´UB¼e struv B®TªØ ÄE ϧl •¦Ø Ÿ k›° ,¤À‚§A −¼M »o ²j¿°E oØ i° ,©āT«AoŸ° ©āT§Bwn −° ©ā® —Ak½ ±µ° JAodª§A ¬A±§E −« ²±›¿ B« ¥Ø Ÿ −« ©“o§BM Ç uvrts S¼L§A ¥µE ÎoT½ ©§° ,¨±ªv«° ¥à ¼T› —j° ¨Àw¿á A ¹«ki »ã — ¥A±Tª§A ©´¦ª° ©¼ŠŽ§A ©´†Ø i Ç jB´†ƒ¿A° −dª§A ¬°o«DT½ −½m§A −¼ª§BŠ§A ¨BāØ d§A ¹«°Bš«° B´d§B~« »¦ ˆB–d§A° ¹Ø«¿Ô A − ©¦Š§A / B´¼¦ GjAkTÇ«A° ,©´UjB¼› »ã — ¹ªØ Ä¿Ñ A ¹Yn° A±¯Bā— ,¾Bª¦Ž§A n°j ϧl kŽM ¾B]° B´ÇYAoÇU ¹½BªÇe° B´TÇ«AoÇŸ −Ǐ ŒB—k§A° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A c§B~« − JØ m§A »ã — ©µn°k§ « HªÄAj y¼Ž½ ¹«Ø ¿Ô A B´M RoØ « »ã T§A n±~Ž§A •¦Th« »ã — ©§BŽ§A ¬BŸ k›° ,BµkÄBš° y¼Ž½° A°l°AÔ AlAá ©´¼wA±½° A°k´†ƒA AlAá ©´® JØ m½ ,tB®§A J±¦› »ã —° tB®§A »ã š¼šd§A ¥XØ ªª§A ¥Ø Š½ »ã ā§ S¯BŸ Bª´« ¹«°Bv« ºØ ã E —o½° ,A±®dT«A AlAá ©´T®d« /B´Uk¼š° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A c§B~ª§ »ã — ¬±ª¦vª§A B´½Ø E //¬Bā« ¥Ø Ÿ »ã — ¬±®«Æª§A B´½Ø E ©ā–\\¯ //•\\®§A g½nBU° ¬Ø Aá //−½oµB†§A ©āTªØ ÄE …Ø i »¦ SMBX§A kµB\\ª§A k«B~§A ©ā–\\¯ //€n¿Ñ A ¾B]nE ¬°o› ¸oz m®« •\\®§A ¬Ø ¿Ñ ,¹ŽB®§A ¹š¼šd§A ²mµ »¦ ¥¼§j oLŸE •\\®§A g½nBU ¹§Bwn ¥ªdU »ã T§A ¹¼Ø ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d§A k¦M° ¾Bª¦Ž§A qŸo« ±µ Amµ B®«±½ »§Aá ° HL½ošU /gdefc ˜jB~§A kªØ d« −M o–Ž] ¨B«¿á A ³š—° ¨Àw¿á A ¸jB¼šÇM B´T–›° »ã T§A ¹–¦Thª§A B´–›A±« »ã — ¹Ø¼ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d§A ²mµ STLYE k›°

311 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w »ã µ B´¯Ø E° ,¬±ª¦vª§A B´Ø½E ©ād§B~« − oLØ Žª§A ¬Bv¦§A »ã µ B´¯Ø E ¨À¿Ñ A B´ÄBª¦ ºØ ã E ¥LšU ¿ »ã T§A ¹´\\§A »ã µ B´Ø¯E° ,©āT«AoŸ ¥¼Lw »ã — ¹¼d‚T¦§ ¸kØ ŽTvª§A ¸±Ø š§A ¬Ø EÇ HLŽ{°¹Ó «±āe Ç ¬±—oŽ½tB®§A¥Ø ā—,©āMBve»¦ RB«°Bvª§A−«¹«°Bv« ¸jB¼šÇM SªØ qÇU »ã T§A »ã µ ¹¼Ø MoŽ§A o¼“° ¹¼Ø MoŽ§A B´UBB؆› •¦ThªM ¸p±d§A ²mµ ¥Çij −¼Çe q¼¦\\¯¿á A ¸Aq’§A kØ ƒ »Øã M¿Ñ A »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A ¹ŸoŽ« ¨À¿Ñ A B´ÄBª¦ ¹Ø¼LŽz§A ©µkA±šM ¾Bª¦Ž§A •ep kš— ,nB®§A° bÀv§A ¸±Ø šM B¯jÀM o—Bā§A nBªŽTw¿A ¬Ø E ¬±—oŽÇ½ tBÇ®§A ¥Û Ÿ° /−½oªŽTvª§A ¸Aq’§A B´ÄAkE − JÙ m¦§ nB®§A …Ø i »§Aá ¹½BoM »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A B´ƒBi »ã T§A ¹dئvª§A ¸n±X§A ³]A° −¼e o—Bā§A oªŽTvª§A ©Çµn°j −Ǐ ©´§qŽ½ »ã ā§ ¾Bª¦Ž§A « RB«°Bv« »ã — ¥ik½ ¬E ¤°Be ,¾Bª¦Ž§A /nBªŽTw¿A RB«°Bv« ¨B«E ºoi¿Ô A RB´\\§A −« oÕ ¼XŸ RnB´¯A Bª®¼M ,»ã š¼šd§A ³«k› RF‡° m®« nBªŽTw¿AEkM lAá ,H¼§B“H®ªY jÔ ±ª~§A Amµ ¸p±d§A •¦Ø Ÿ k›° ¥Ø Ÿ° /Bµj±]° S¼T–U° ¹¼Ø ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d§A »¦ ¾B‚š§A »ã — oØā–½ ¹L¼Ø †§A €n¿Ñ A ²mµ ½ozTM K¼µo§A …†Ø hª§A ÎAm¯C nBªŽTw¿A ƒ° ¨±½ ¾Bª¦Ž§A •›±« ¬±—oŽ½ tB®§A B´®½j° ¹Ø½oā–§A B´T§BE − Hؼ\\½nkU ¹Ø«¿Ô A jBŽMAá S—k´TwA »ã T§A ¸o—Bā§A −¼¯A±š§A ¸qØ ÇŽ§A »ã ¯BŽÇ« jBªÇiAá ° ,B´—±–Ç »ã — ¾B‚’L§A° ¹›o–§A ¥«A± ¹B{Aá ° ,©½±š§A /B´ÄB®ME t±–¯ »ã — ¹Ž—o§A° ¹«Aoā§A° …؆hª§A Amµ ™—° ºã o\\U »ã µ° ºoi¿Ô A kŽM ¸keA° RB«±ād§A SL›BŽU ©Ø Y B´›BǵnAá ° B´UjAnAá ° B´Tؽoe SLŸ° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ˜B®hM mi¿Ñ A »ã — k~› ¬°kM °E k~šM /¹¦\\Uoª§A ¹ª§BŠ§A −¼¯A±š§BM K§B†½° ,©´wÆM° ©´UB«À‹ − oØLŽ½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A −« ¬±—oŽ½ tB®§A ¥Ø Ÿ° ,©´v–ǯE »ã Ç—° ©µkÄBšÇ »ã — ¬°k´†‚½ tB®§A EkM m®« ©´d§B~«° ©´›±šdM //ºã o~®Ž§A ©¦Š§A° »ã –ÄB†§A ©¦Š§A° ºã jB~T›¿A©¦Š§A° »ã BªT]¿A ©¦Š§A ¬±wBš½°

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 312 /©´¯B¼Ÿ° ©µj±]° »ã — »ã — ™Ø d§A ¹ª¦Ÿ ¤±šU S¯BŸ »ã T§A »ã µ B¼¦Ž§A ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A ¸jB¼šM ¹Ø¼ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d§A ¬Ø Aá /&A ¾B{ ¬Aá ϧmŸ ¹ª¦ā§A ²mµ ¤±šU ”±w° ,−¼e ¥Ø Ÿ ,RB«±ād¦§° ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A J±Žz¦§ b±ƒ±§A ¥Ø Ÿ HdƒA° cL~½ ¬E k½o¯ B®¯Ø Aá ³Ø¯¿Ñ ,¹Ø«¿Ô A ¬B¼Ÿ −« EqØ \\T½ ¿ ¾Õ q] ¹¼Ø ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d§BM ¥ØXªTª§A »ã ®½k§A qŸoª§A Amµ ¬Ø E /B´YAoU° B´T§Bwo§ »ã «Bd§A° B´d§B~«° B´Uk¼š − oØLŽª§A ¾q\\§A RBAq¯° RB—Ài ºØ ã FM ¸p±d§A ƒ° oØYFT½ ¿ ¬E K\\½ tBw¿Ñ A Amµ »¦° ¥Ø Ÿ ¥L› ¨Àw¿á A ¹¦XØ ª« »ã µ ¸p±d§A ¬Ø ¿Ñ ,B´¼— ”oŠ§A¬BŸ Bª´«° B´¯±ª‚« ¬BŸ Bª´« /”Àh§A »ã — ZØ qU »ã ā§ ,ÎAm§ °E ©¼¦›¿á A Am´§ Hā¦« Sv¼§° ,¾»ã { ,−¼ª¦Çvª§A° ¨ÀÇw¿á A »¦Ç ˆB–d§A ¹¼Ø §°ÆvªM oŽzU B¼¦Ž§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A° ¹«Ø BŽ§A B´U±Ø ME ©ādM B´¯Ø ¿Ñ ,¥ŸBzª§A ²mµ S¯BŸ Bª®½E ©´¦ŸBz« ¥Ø d§ ¥iØ kT§A° •›±« •šU ¬E B´L]A° −« ¬Ø FM ÎnkU ,©´M±Ž{° ©µnB†›E ”ÀTiA»¦ −¼ª¦vª¦§ ºã m§A ±d®§BM −ā§° ,−¼ª¦vª§A ¥ŸBz« −« ¹à ¦āz« ºØ ã E »ã — ¾B«k§A −šd§ bÀ¿á A bÀÇ¿á A »¦Ç B´Unk›° B´TL¼µ° B´UqØ  ¹Ø¼ª¦Ž§A ¸p±d¦§° ³T«AoŸ −½k¦§ ‰–d½ / o¼YFT§A° Ç HM±Ž{°H«BØāe Ç−¼ª¦vª¦§b±ƒ±§A¥Ø ŸHdƒA°H‚½EcL~½¬Ek½o¯B®¯Ø Aá ° RAnB®« »ã µ ¾AoØ «Bw° ¹Ø¼ª‹Bā§A° ¾ÀMoŸ° ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A »ã — ¹wkØ šª§A RBLTŽ§A ¬Ø E ¸n±Ø ®ª§A ¹®½kª§A° ¹«oØ āª§A ¹Øā« ¬F{ ϧl »ã — B´¯F{ ,©½oā§A B®›Ao »ã — ¨Àw¿á A JkÇe ¥Ø ÇŸ −Ç« B´¯°k~š½° ,−¼ª¦vª§A J±¦› B´¼§Aá ±–´U //•½oz§A tkš§A° »ã µ° ,³¯BdLw &A »§Aá B´ª¼ŠŽTM ¬±MoØ šT½° ¹Ø¼®½k§A ©µoÄBŽ{ B´¼— ¬°jØ Æ½ //J±° ©§BŽ§A nB†›E •¦Th« −« −¼ª¦vª§A ©Ø ‚U ¤AqU ¿° k¼ŽM m®« S¯BŸ ϧl ¥]E −« »ã e°o§A ¾Am’§A −« ©´UB]Be ¹wkØ šª§A B´§À‹ »ã — ¬°k\\½ //³M±Ž{° »ã «Àw¿á A

313 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w oŠ¯ »ã — ¹wkØ šª§A jÀL§A jAk »ã — ˜AoŽ§A ¥Ž\\U B´¯Ø E BªŸ ,¹Ž¼—o§A ¹Ø¼®½k§A ©´¦X«° ¬E kØ M ¿° /¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A jÀL§A −« oà ¼XŸ »¦ B´M ohT–½ ¹Ó «oā« ³d®ªU° ,−¼ª¦vª§A ¥Ø Š½ ¬E K\\½° ,}¼~hU ºÙ ã E ¬°j »ã «Àw¿á A B´ŽMB†M ¹Š–Td« RBLTŽ§A ²mµ »šLU ,B´¼Ç— ¹¼Ø ®Ç½k§A oÄBŽÇz§A ¹wnBªÇ« »¦ GnjB› ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¾B®ME −« ©¦vª§A ,B´¦X«° B´ª¼› « Hª\\v®« ¨Aj B« ³Tؼ«±› S¯BŸ Bª´« B´–®Ÿ »ã — y¼Ž§A ¹¦A±«° /B´T«AoāM HŠ–Td«° ™¼šdU»¦ A±¦ªŽ½ ¬E Ç RB«±āe° HM±Ž{ Ç HŽ¼ª] −¼ª¦vª§A»¦ K\\½° /BµnBªAá ° B´ª¼ŠŽU° RBLTŽ§A ²mµ ¨AoTe¿ ¹Ø—BŸ RÀ¼´vT§A A±«kØ š½° ,€o–§A Amµ //¬±ª¦vª§A B´Ø½E Amµ »ã —° HªÄAj ¬±ā¯ B« Z±eE B®¯Ø E ,b±ƒ±§A ¥Ø Ÿ HdƒA° cL~½ ¬E k½o¯° °q’§A »ã — ÂXØ ªT«° ¨Àw¿á A jkØ ´½ o†i oLŸE ³]A±¯ −d¯° Ç RAm§BM K¼~Ž§A ”oŠ§A &A ¨B«E ¹¼§°Ævª§BM »ã š¼šd§A n±Žz§A »§Aá ¬±ā¯ B« Z±eE B®¯Ø E Ç njB’§A »ã ¯±¼´~§A ¬Ø E° ,¨Àw¿á A nAj »§Aá −¼†v¦— ŒB]nAá ° ¹L~T’ª§A B®ƒnE lBš¯¿á »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw oµBŠÇ« −Ǐ jBŽTÇM¿A° jBÇ\\§A ¥ªŽ§A »ã — ¸jAn¿á A° |Ài¿á A° ¨qŽ§A° ©¼ª~T§A ³M ¹¯BŽTw¿A° ³¯BdLw &A »¦ ¥ØŸ±T§A° ,”jB´§A o¼“ ¨Àā§A° gvØ –T§A° ¤Àd¯¿A /o~®§A ¥«A± ©µE −ª§ ϧl kŽM //¬±ª¦vª§A B´½Ø E ¹´L\\§A ¾B®M ±µ ,³¼¦ k¼ŸFT§A K\\½ jk~§A Am´M ¹¼Ø ªµ¿Ñ A ‘§BM ¾Õ »ã { ÎB®µ° K]A±§A −« lAá ,¸k½AqTª§A ¹–¦Thª§A B´¦ŸBz« ¥Ø e° B´T\\§BŽª§ ºã kØ ~T§A° ¹¼Ø ¦iAk§A ¸±Ø š§A oB®ŽM ¹´L\\§A ²mµ jAk«Aá ° ,nB¼´¯¿A° ÏāØ –T§A ¥«A± ¼ª] »¦ ¾B‚š§A ,¹¼Ø e°o§A ©¼š§A »¦ k¼ŸFT§BM ¿Ø Aá ϧl ™šØ dT½ ¬E −āª½ ¿° /j±ª~§A° ¹ª½qŽ§A° RBÇ—Aodǯ¿A° ¹Ø§BÇ‚§A nBÇā—¿Ñ A Ç—n° ,¹¼Ø «ÀÇw¿á A ¸kBÇš§A »§Aá Œ±]o§A°

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 31ê ¹½Ø o~®ÇŽ§A ¹›o–ÇT§A° ¸oÇY¿á A° »ã BªTÇ]¿A jBÇv–§A »¦ ¾B‚š§A° ,¹Ø¼BªT]¿A ϧl¬°kM° ,¹«Aoā§A° ¸qØ Ž§A° ¹«Ø BŽ§A¹®‡A±ª§A˜±šdM −¼®‡A±ª§A nBŽ{Aá ° ,¹¼Ø –ÄB†§A° jB´†ƒ¿A° ©¦Š§A A°j±Ø ŽU ,−¼āāØ –T« −¼®‡A±ªM »ã ¯±¼´~§A °kŽ§A ³]A±¯ ”±v— kª~½ ¬E HؼBªT]A° H¼Ø e°n nB´®ª§A −‡A±ª§A Amµ ¥Xª§ −āª½ ¿° /¨ÀvTw¿A° /K~T’ª§A ©§BŠ§A »¦ nFX½° ©¦Š§A »¦ n±X½ ¬E° ,°q’§A ¨B«E ™ÄBšd§A ²mµ »§Aá RB–T§¿A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A J±Žz§A ¨BāØ e »¦ K]A±§A −«° /JA±~¦§ ™—Ø ±ª§A ±µ ³¯BdLw &A° //B´š¼šdU »¦ ¥ªŽ§A° ,¹ŽB®§A : bBTT—¿A ¾Bj −« RAoš–§A ²m´M ©ā½k½E A±Ž—nA B´M ¤Ø mU° ,³¦µE° ¨Àw¿á A B´M qØ ŽU ,¹ª½oŸ ¹à §°j »ã — ϼ§Aá K“o¯ BدAá ©Ø ´¦§A) B®›poU° ,Ϧ¼Lw »§Aá ¸jBš§A° ,ÏTB‡ »§Aá ¸Bk§A −« B´¼— B®¦Ž\\U° ,³¦µE° ˜B–®§A ¹L¼“° ,³§C° ³¼¦ ÏUA±¦ B®Ø¼L¯ kš— ϼ§Aá ±āz¯ B¯Ø Aá ©Ø ´¦§A ///¸oi¿Ð A° B¼¯k§A¹«AoŸ B´M ¥Ù ~— /B®¼¦ ¬B«q§A oµBŠU° ,B®M −T–§A ¸kØ {° ,B¯jk ¹Ø¦›° ,B¯°Ø k ¸oXŸ° ,B®Ø¼§° ¬B†¦w° ,²qØ ŽU o~¯° ,³¦\\Ø ŽU Ï®« cà T–M ϧl »¦ BØ®E° ,kªØ d« ¤C° kªØ d« »¦ ©enE B½ ÏTªeoM //BµB®vL¦U Ï®« ¹¼—B° ,BµB®¦Ø¦\\U Ï®« ¹à ªen° ,²o´ŠU ™Ý e / (1)( −¼ªeAo§A / 111 : 3 ¨Bāe¿Ñ A K½m´U (1)

RAjBv§A n±¯E »§Aá ¹½Ø nBā®TwA ¹¼Ø ›oM (1)k¼–½j K«BŸ ¹¼Ø ›B–UØ A JBTE »¦ /¹Ø¼MoŽ§A o~« ¹Ø½n±´ª] u¼Än RAjBv§A n±¯E kªØ d« A±Y±Ø ¦U ¬E ³¼— ©UnoØ › ºã m§A k±ª§A ™LvU »ã T§A ¸o¼i¿Ñ A RBBv§A »ã — B®¯Ø Aá oØLŽ¯ ¬E k½o¯ ,KB’§A°Ø kŽ¦§ ¨ÀvTw¿A°¬A±´§A°¤Ø m§A¹š¼Y° »¦ ¼›±T§BM ©ā½k½E ,B´TwnBªÇª§ oªŽTvª§A o—Bā§A ©ŸnBTiA »ã T§A ¹ª½o\\§A ¹eAk— − ¹eAo ¥Ø āM # ¹Ô Ç—Ò jß AoÚ §A B´Ò ŽÔ ÒLÖTÇUÒ # ¹Ô –Ò ]ß AoÚ §A •Ô ]Ô oÖ ÒU ¨Ò ±Ö ½Ò ) ³L‚“° »§BŽU &A JBš ©ŸnmØ d¯° /³Tؼ‚›° ³TØ«ÔA ¬Bi ©à ŸBe KÔ ¦› B´®«° ,(2)(¹Õ –Ò ]ß A°Ò mà Ãß «Ò ±Ö Ò½ JÕ ±¦Ô ›Ô Bª´« ©´T¼Ø ‚› − A±§pB®T½ −§ HŽ¼ª] JoŽ§A° −¼ª¦vª§A ¬Ø E ©ā§ kŸØ Ư BدAá ° ”oŽÇU ¿ ¹®w ¹ÄB« Sئ‹ »ã T§A ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ¹Ø«¿Ô A ²mµ ¬Ø E° ,¬°o«DTª§A B´¼¦ o«DU ºã k½E −« ©¼ŠŽ§A B´¼Ø L¯ ºov«° »§°¿Ô A B´T¦L› SŽ]oTwA »TØ e tF¼§A° ¨ÀvTw¿A RAjBÇv§A n±Ç¯E kªØ dÇ« ™MBÇv§A ºã o~Ǫ§A u¼ÇÄo§A »§Aá FEIHG nkÇ~§A k¼´z§A B´XŽM ¹Ø½nBā®TwA ¹¼Ø ›oM (1) ¹Ø¼Ç›Aoǎ§A RB†¦Çv§A B´Uq\\TÇeA kÇ›° ,¨ 1978 . 9 . 17 »ã Ç— k¼–ǽj K«BÇŸ ¸kµBŽ« ¼›±U ¥¼L› k¼´Çz§A ¨BÇ«Àá § »ã ª§Bǎ§A oªUÆǪ§A •¼Ç{nE RB‹±–dÇ« −Ç«) ¹¼Ø T½±Çā§A •dÇ~§A »ã ÇÇ— Roz®ÇÇ— / ( IEHGF nk~§A / 8 Ç ì : RBpB®§A (2)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 31ì /o~®§A B´§ &A KTā½ »TØ e B´T¼Ø ‚› »¦ ¸k«B ¨±¼§A ¥Û ŠTw ,−¼Ø¼L¼¦~§A ºk´§A LUØ A −« »¦ ¨Àv§A° nk~§A o›BM kªØ d« ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A

(1)¨Àw¿á A ºÑ jBL« −« n±Twk§A jAkªTwA ¤B\\« »ã — RAjB{nAá ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM &A »¦Ø  kªØ d« ™¦h§A ”o{E »¦ ¨Àv§A°¸À~§A° −¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kªd§A /−¼L¼Ø †§A ³MBdE° ³§C »¦° ³¼¦ B´h½nBU −« ¹¦eoª§A ²mµ »ã — ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A B®T«Ø ¿Ô ¹®¼ªX§A|o–§A −ª§ ³Ø¯Aá ;kŽM° RB¯BÇā«¿á A −Ç« ϦªÇU ¸jØ B‚« RBµB\\UØ A° RAnB¼Ø U B´¼— ³]A±U »ã T§A° K¼~Ž§A »ã — αāz§AŒnq§ ™—Ø ±TU ¬E B´M Go½k] ¬±ā½ B« ¹¼Ø ª¼Š®T§A°¹¼Ø ]±§±½k½¿Ñ A° ¹Ø½jØ Bª§A •w±Ç½ g¼Çz§A »§Aá ³¦ÇwnE° »ã ¯BªŽÇ®§A Bǃn kªØ dÇ« g¼Çz§A »¦Ç FIHEG k¼´Çz§A kؼv§A ²À«E ¤Õ Bš« (1) S§°BÇe <¬BTÇvŸBÇM> jÀM »ã — ¹¼Ø «ÀwAá ¹Mo\\U ³¼— S«B› ºã m§A »ã h½nBT§A ”oŠ§A »ã — ϧl° ,»ã v–¯ »ã Ç— B´eB\\ǯ ¨kǏ° ¹Mo\\ÇT§A ²mǵ ¥Çz— »zhǽ ¬BÇŸ° ,¨ÀÇw¿á A ºÑ jBL« −« Bµn±Twj jAkªTwA Amǵ »ã Ç— ¹ª¼Ø Çš§A ³ÇUAjBÇ{nAá ÷ÀÇMAá ϧl ¤ÀÇi −« wyzx{ ¤°Be k›° / ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¤B«C ™¼šdU ŽÇM ©wBÇM° ¸o{BLÇ« o¼Ç“ ¸n±~ÇM ¹Mo\\ÇT§A ²mǵ »ã Ç— −¼ŸnBÇzª§A −¼§°ÆÇÇvª§A »§Aá ¤B\\ÇǪ§A −Ç« »ã v–ǯ •w±Ç½ g¼Çz§A ¹eBªw mà ÃT›° ¬BŸ° ,jÀL§A ϦU »ã — ¸k]A±Tª§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A RBؼ~hz§A ¾¿Æǵ »§Aá ³®¼«B‚Ç« ¤B~½Bá ÇM ¨±šÇ¼§ ³Ç¼§Aá ¤BšÇª§A Amǵ ¥wnF— ,ÎB®µ −¼®‡±Tvª§A ¹Ž¼z§A ¾Bª¦ / ³ªwA ¥ªd½ ¬E ¬°j −«° ¬Fz§A Am´§ KwB®ª§A ±d®§BM −¼§°Ævª§A ( ™¼šdT§A ¹®\\§)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 318 ¹Ž½o{¥X«E°¹§Bwntk›FM©´¯Bª½Aá −«•¼Ž‚T§A°©µnBā—ESTØ zU°B´ÄB®MEt±–¯ ²m´§ ¹®¼ªY ¹o–§ B´Ø¯Aá : ¤±›E /¸B¼d§A ²mµ »ã — ²jBLŽ§ »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw &A BµnBTiA kØ ªTvU ¬E ¤°BdU ¹¼Ø «ÀwAá ¹Mo\\U ¨B¼› ¥½±‡ oL° k¼´] ¾B® kŽM k\\U ¬E ¹Ø«¿Ô A −¼¯A±›° ¹ªŠ¯E −« ³oØ z½ B« ¾±ƒ »¦° ,Kvd— ¨Àw¿á A ºÑ jBL« −« Bµn±Twj ¸B¼d§A »ã — ³¼§Aá ZBTd½ B«° ,³¯°Æ{ ¹—Ø BŸ »ã — B´¯Bv¯¿á −ª‚U ¬FM ¹¦¼–Ÿ [µB®«° /»Øã ›o§A° ¸jBŽv§A° ¹§AkŽ§A −¼—nBŽ§A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¾B®ME −« −¼A±§A ºk§ n±Žz§A K]±U B« nkšM ¹o–§A ²mµ° ”°Bh« ºoiÔA ¹¼eB¯ −« ©´¼— o¼XU ,¸qØ Ž§A° o~®§A° bB¼Un¿BM ©´T¼Ø ]±§±½k½E ¹ª¼› ϦU ¥Ø Ÿ ™¼šdU »ã — B´eB\\¯ ¨k° ,¹Mo\\T§A ²mµ ¥z— R¿BªTeA ¾AoØ ] −« ¸o¼†i oL B´ÄB®ME −« ¬±~¦hª§A B´¼§Aá k~š½° BµoŠT®U° ¹Ø«¿Ô A B´z¼ŽU S¯BŸ »ã T§A ¤B«¿Ð A »ã — ³Ø¯E ϧl ,¸oBŽª§A ºoi¿Ô A RBµB\\ØU¿A « »ã ]±§±½k½¿Ñ A° ºã oā–§A ©´Ao ¤q§qTU° ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¾B®ME k® ¹Ø½±®Žª§A b°o§A ϦU uāT®U ”±w ¥¼Lš§A Amµ −« ¹§Be ©´T¼Ø ]±§±½k½E tBwE »¦ ¸oBŽª§A ¹½Ø ozL§A ¸B¼d§A ¸nAjAá »¦ ©´UnkšM ©´TšY −¼®«Æª¦§ ¾Õ ÀM ϧl »ã —° ,u¼–¯° ¤à B“ ¥Ø āM B´® A±Ž—Aj° B´M A±®«C »ã T§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A / ©¼Š A±¯±ā½ ¬E ¹Mo\\T§A ²mµ »ã — −¼ŸnBzª§A −¼§°Ævª§A ¥Ø āM K¼´¯ −d®— ϧm§° ¸n±†i ºk« Á°Ø E A°oŽzTv½ ¬FM ;¹ª¼v\\§A ¹Ø¼§°Ævª§A ²mµ ¾AjE º±Tv« »¦ ¹¯BÇ«E ¥Ø ÇāM ¹Ø¼§°ÆÇvª§A ²mǵ ¥ªØ dU »ã — ©µn°j H¼¯BY A°jØ Æ½° ,³TØ›j° •›±ª§A ,ºoÇi¿Ô A RB¼Ø ]±§±½kǽ¿Ñ A° RAnBؼT§BÇM oØYFU ¬°j ¨Àw¿á A ºÑ jBLªM |ÀiAá ° B´ā¦ªU »ã T§A ¹Ø¼´š–§A° ¹½Ø oā–§A RB¯Bā«¿á A ¹—Ø BŸ −« jk~§A Am´M A°k¼–Tv½ ¬E : HX§BY° /B´LµAm«° B´›o— •¦ThªM ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A B®TØ«AÔ ©Ø µE »ã µ ¸o¼i¿Ñ A ¹†š®§A ²mµ ¬Ø FM jBšT¿A »ã ®ŸnBz½ ¿ −« ÎB®µ ¬Ø E −Ø ‹E ¿°

319 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w ¬Ø E ϧl ;j±z®ª§A ”k´§A »§Aá ¤±±§A »ã — ¹¼Ø MB\\½Aá BµoXŸE° ¹ªØ ´ª§A ²mµ ¥eAo« K¯A±] ¥Ø Ÿ ©¼Š®U ¥–ā½ ±d®M ¨Àw¿á A −« ³§±~—° ²j±®M ¥Ø Ÿ kØ ªTv½ n±Twj ƒ° o~Ž§A º±Tv« »¦ RB]Be −« ³Lئ†TU B« ¥Ø Ÿ ŒBL{Aá ° ¸oBŽª§A ¹Ø¼¯Bv¯¿á A ¸B¼d§A BªŸ Ç ¹½Ø k¼¦šT§A º°BT–§A KTŸ° ¹Ø¼´š–§A RB±w±ª§A lAá ;o¼v¼§A −¼Ø ´§A o«¿Ñ BM u¼§ «BāT«H«BŠ¯° ¹§°k¦§ «B{Gn±Twj¸o{BL«³eo‡ −āª½ B« −ªØ ‚TU ¿ Ç ¬±ª¦ŽU ZÀ −« ¨±¼§A ¬Bv¯Aá ³]BTd½ B« ¥Ø Ÿ K±TvU ¿ ¹¼eB¯ −« B´¯Ø ¿Ñ ,¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¸B¼d§ }›B¯¥à āzL—H¯B¼eEB´®«HL¯B]K±TwA B«AlAá °,¹Ø¼UB¼d§A³¦ŸBzª§»ã ¯±¯B›°»ã ´š— − oLØ ŽU B´Ø¯Aá ºoiÔA ¹¼eB¯ −«° /B´§Be »¦ ¹¼›BM o¼“ ”°o‹ « ©\\v®½ j°kd«° »ã — ¹¦XØ ªTª§A ¹¼Ø §°Ø ¿Ñ A ¹Ž½oz§AnjB~« −« B´†L®TwAk› º°BT—° B´wnB« k› RAjB´T]A ”°oÇŠ§A »ã Ç— ™MB†TÇU ¿ ¹šMBÇw ¹¼Ø ®«p ¸oT— »ã — A±{B ¾B´š— ¹Ø®v§A° JBTā§A B´¦ÇŸBÇz«° ¸oBŽÇª§A B®UB¼e « ¹Ø½oā–§A° ¹¼Ø BªT]¿A° ¹Ø¼¯kª§A RBvMÀª§A° k® k¼ŽM −«p m®«jB´T]¿AJBM ™¦“ÔAk›° H±~i Ç B´š¼L†UcLF—,B´UB]Be° ±L~½ »ã T§A ¹‚½oŽ§A ¤B«¿Ð A ϦU ™¼šdU »¦ njB› o¼“ Ç ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A KµAmª§A oXŸE B´UqØ Ç° Bµk\\« ¸jBAá ¥¼Lw »ã — ¬±¦«BŽ§A ¹Ø«¿Ô A ²mµ ¾B®ME −« ¬±~¦hª§A B´¼§Aá »ã –U ¿ °E ¸kØ ªTvª§A ”°oŠ§A « ©\\v®½ ¿ B« Go¼XŸ Hؼ—oe B´š¼L†U ¬Ø ¿Ñ /¨Àw¿á BM B´®« ¾»ã zM B´ª¼Ž†U °E ¹X½kd§A¹Ø¼Žƒ±§A ¹ªŠ¯¿Ñ A »§Aá B´ŸoU° ,RB]Bd§A¥Ø Ÿ ŒBL{Bá M ¹¼Ø ]A°jp¿A »ã — „±šw° ,¬Bv¯¿á A ©āe »§Aá »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw &A ©āe − Z°oi »ØTÇe ¬±®«Æ½ ¿ ÏØMn° À— ) jAkUn¿A° ˜B–®§A −¼ ±µ° ,o–ā§A° ¨Àw¿á A −¼M A±ª¦Ø Çv½° S¼‚Ç› BªØ « H]oe ©´v–¯E »ã — A°k\\½ ¿ ©Ø Y ©´®¼M o\\{ Bª¼— αªØād½ ¹Ø½n±Twj ¹’¼ ƒ±§ −½kØ ~Tª§A ¨B«E º±~š§A ¹]Bd§A poLU ϧB®µ /(1)(Hª¼¦vU / ìë : ¾Bv®§A (1)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 320 jB´T]¿A JA±ME ¤AqU ¿ ¹¼Ø «ÀwAá KµAmªM ¹¯BŽTw¿A »§Aá ¥¼Lš§A Amµ −« ¹Ø¼«ÀwAá ¸kØ \\Tvª§A ¥ŸBzª§A ZÀ ¾B´š–§A Ïç°AÔ tnBª½ ¤Aq½ ¿° ,B´ÄB´š— k® ¹e±T–« /¸o{BL« ¹®Ø v§A° JBTā§A − »ã «Àw¿á A B´ªāe „BL®TwA ™½o‡ − ¸oBŽª§A° n±Ø †Tª§A ²o¼w° jB´T]¿A ¹Ÿoe ³T\\T¯E B« ¬Ø E ºo¯ −d¯ ¤B\\ª§A Amµ »ã —° ºoYE kØ ŽU ¹Ø¼¯±¯B› RB“B¼° ¹¼Ø ´š— º°BT— −« ¬Ao½Aá ° ˜AoŽ§A »ã — ¹Ž¼z§A¾Bª¦ ºk§ n±Twk§A ƒ° ¹§°Bd« »ã — B´®« kØ ªTv½ ¬E −āª½ ¹½Ø oā—° ¹¼Ø ´š— ¸°oY K~iE° oā–§A »¦ o¼Lā§A ¥‚–§A ¹wnkª§A ²mµ ¾B´š–§ ¬BŸ kš§ ¥M /³¼¦ «qª§A »ã «Àw¿á A ³§°Bd½ ¤Aq½ ¿° ³§°Be BªM ¹Ø Bi ¸n±~M »ã ´š–§A oā–§A° ¹«Ø B ¸n±~M »ã «Àw¿á A −« ¹šwB®T«¹¦«BāT« ‘¼° ¤±¦e ©½kšTM ˜AoŽ§A »ã — ¹wnkª§A²mµ ¾B´š— nBLŸ keE ¹†L®Tv«° ¸kØ ªTv« ¬±āU ¸oBŽª§A ¸B¼d§A ¥ŸBz« [§BŽU »ã T§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹ªŠ¯¿Ñ A ³Unk›° »ã «Àw¿á A ³š–§A ¸nAk] SLYE BªØ « ,¸o{BL« »ã «Àw¿á A ½ozT§A njB~« −« B´¦ŸBz« ¥Ø e° ¸oBŽª§A ¹Ø¼BªT]¿A° ¹½Ø jB~T›¿A ¸B¼d§A RB]Be ŒBL{Aá »¦ ºkeAá ZBT¯ ¬BŸ k›° ,¹¼Ø Žƒ±§A ¹ªŠ¯¿Ñ A ³\\§BŽU BªØ « ¥X«E° ¥‚—E ¥āzM ¸kšØ Žª§A ÀÑ « k› ™Ø dM ºã m§A (B¯jB~T›A) o¼´z§A ©Ø¼š§A »ã «Àw¿á A JBTā§A R¿°Bdª§A ²mµ RBµB\\ÇUØ ¿A° RAnBؼT¦§ ³T´MB\\« »ã — »ã «Àw¿á A oā–§A »¦ Go¼†i° Go¼LŸ H“Ao— ºã jB~T›¿A ¨BŠ®§A° Kµmª§A ¤±ÔA ©wn W¼e ,¸oBŽª§A ¹¼Ø Žƒ±§A ¹½Ø jB~T›¿A »§Aá ³¼— ‰e±§ ¥M ,−ؼŽ« »ã Lµm« nB‡Bá M kؼšU ¬°j ¹Ø®v§A° JBTā§A −« ²B½Ø Aá H†L®Tv« ¹š—A±« »ã «Àw¿á A ºã jB~T›¿A Kµmª¦§ ¹~¦hTvª§A ¹’¼~§A ¬±āU ¬E ¹’§BM ¹]nj ¾B\\— ,¹–¦Thª§A KµAmª§A ¾B´š—° ¨Àw¿á A ¾Bª¦ ¾AnC −« −āª« jk oLŸE « ³¯°oLTŽ½° ¬±Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¬°oāØ –ª§A ³M ohT–½ nBª‚ª§A Amµ »ã — H®¼L« HdT— JBTā§A ¹Ø½jB~TÇ›¿A RBÇwAnk§A ³® »ã ®’TvU ¿ Hªhƒ H¼Ø «ÀwAá Gk¼n° H¼Ø ´š— Gnk~«

321 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w /¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹½Ø jB~T›¿A ¹ªŠ¯¿Ñ A − ‚— ¹X½kd§A n±Twj ƒ±§ ¹§°Bd« ¹½Ø E »ã — ¾B®’Tw¿A −āª½ •¼Ÿ tBw¿Ñ A Amµ »¦° »ã «Àw¿á A ³¼š–§A Amµ ¥X« nBā—E° ¾AnC −« o~Ž§A º±Tv« »¦ c]B¯ »ã «ÀwAá !?¸oØ X§A ¹Ø¼´š–§A ³Twnk«° o¼Lā§A ¹¼Ø ´š— tnAk« ¾AnDM ¹¯BŽTw¿A B´¼— K¦†½ »ã T§A »§°¿Ô A ¸oØ ª§A ²mµ Sv¼§° ¸oØ « −« oXŸE ™–ØUA kš— ,¹¼Ø ¯±¯B› °E ¹Ø½jB~T›A ¹Ø¼«ÀwAá ¹’¼ ƒ±§ ¹±Ø ®T« ¹¼Ø «ÀwAá »ã — S¦ØāzU »ã T§A ¹¼Ø ªwo§A ¬B\\¦§A °E ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A RB«±ād§A ŽM S¯BŽTwA ¬E ¸B¼Çd§A K¯A±Ç] ŽÇM ©¼Š®ÇT§ ¹Ø¼«ÀÇwAá ¹e°o‡ÔA ƒ° ¹Ø¼–¼Ÿ ¹wAnk§ BµnB‡Aá − R¿°Bdª§A ϦU ŽM hØ ªU k›° ,¹Ž¼z§A ¾B´š— º°BT—° ¾AnDM ¹½Ø jB~T›¿A »ã «Àw¿á A ³š–§A −« ¸kØ ªTvª§A ¹e°o‡¿Ô A ¤BXª§A ¥¼Lw »¦ B´®« oŸm¯ ,¸kؼ] [ÄBT¯ nA°j¿Ñ A ¹—Ø BÇŸ ©¼Š®ÇT§ oÇŸm§A ™MBv§A B®´¼š— B´Žƒ° »ã T§A ºã ±Mn ¿ Ï®M Œ°ozª§ »ã — ¸oBŽª§A ¹½Ø jB~T›¿A ¸B¼d§A »ã — α®L§A° ”nB~ª§A B´M ¨±šU »ã T§A RB«kh§A° ¹«±Çād§A ³Ç¼§Aá ³T´]Ø ° K¦‡ »¦ HMA±] S¯BŸ »ã T§A° ,¹Ø½±Mn ¿ ¹¼Ø «ÀwAá ¹’¼ SdU JBTŸ −ªƒ S½±ā§A »ã — SŽL‡ k›° ,HL½ošU RA±®w oz ¥L› ¹¼Ø T½±ā§A ¹¼Ø MoŽ§A ¤°k§A ŽM ³¼§Aá SŽ]n ϧmŸ° /(¨Àw¿á A »ã — ºã ±MnÀ§A Ï®L§A) ¬A±® /(1)¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹Ž½oz¦§ Hš—° j°kd§A ™LØ †U ¬E S§°Be Bª®¼e ºoi¿Ô A ¾AnC° »ã Ž¼z§A ³š–§A nBLTBM K§B†¯ Bª®¼e B®Ø¯FM ¤±š¯ ¬E ¼†Tv¯ Amāµ° ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹’¼~§Aƒ° »ã — B´M ¬BŽTv½ ¬E° kØ M ¿ »ã T§A njB~ª§A −« Gnk~« ©´ÄB´š— ¹Ž¼Çz§A ¬±ÇŸ − ©\\®U ¸n°o‚M tBve¿á A joØ \\« B®š¦†®« ¬±ā½ ¿ n±Twk¦§ B´§ n±Twk§A ƒ° jAo½ »ã T§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹«Ø ¿Ô A −« H–¼Ÿ° HªØ Ÿ ³M GkØ TŽ« G¾q] ¬±¦āØ z½ / ¹Ø¼L¼¦§A ¹«±ād§A B´TL¦‡ k› S¯BŸ »ã T§A ¹¯±Žª§A k~š½ BªØMn (1)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 322 B´®« HL¯B] B®ƒo ¹Ø¼±ƒ±« ¹¼Ø ª¦ RAnoØ L« »§Aá H‚½E ϧl »ã — k®Tv¯ ¥M ,Kvd— ²mµ ¾BLE ¬±¦ªØ dT½ −ªØ « −¼§°Ævª§A ŒB®›¿á ¹¼—BŸ ¬±āU ¬E ±]o¯ »ã T§A° ,H–¯C /²mµ B¯oŠ¯ ¹´]±M ¸o¼†h§A ¹Ø¼h½nBT§A ¹¼Ø §°Ævª§A /™¼—±T§A »Øã §° ±µ° ,k~š§A ¾An° −« &A°

(1)©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A »§Aá ¹e±T–« ¹§Bwn ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM »¦° ,³š¦i o¼i kªØ d« »¦ ¨Àv§A° ¸À~§A° −¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kÔ ªd§A° /−½oµB†§A ³§C −« −¼«B¼ª§A ¸Ak´§A ¥Ø āM »ã ¯Ao½¿á A ©¦vª§A KŽz§A « y¼Ž¯ lAá ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A »ã — B®¯Ø Bá — : kŽM° ¬BŸ ³¯Ø E SLYE ©¼ŠŽ§A KŽz§A Amµ g½nBU ¬Ø E −«Æ¯ ,³§B«C° ³«¿C ³ŸnBz¯° ,B®M±¦› »ã T§A ¹¼Ø ‚š§A ¥]E −« j±ª~§A° ¹¼d‚T§A »¦ GnjB›° HB\\{ HؼME HLŽ{ ¤Aq½ ¿° /³T«AoŸ° ³—kµ B´¼— k\\½° ,B´M −«Æ½ −« ¸n±Š®ª§A ¸oT–§A ¤Ài ¹½Ø jB´\\§A KŽz§A Amµ ¸o¼v« B®Še¿ AlAá −d¯° ¹¦wBL§AÎnBŽª§A −« Gjk Ç ¬Bª½Aá ° ¹§±†M ¥Ø āM Ç B´¼— €Bi ³Ø¯E B¯k]° ,¬oš§A Amµ ”AkµE° ¸oؼi RBe±ª‡ −« ³M −«C B« ™¼šdU° ,³T«AoŸ »¦ ˆB–d§A ¥¼Lw »ã — ˜±†§A ovā½ ¬E ©¼ŠŽ§A KŽz§A Amµ B´¼— ŒB†TwA »ã T§A (ÎBL®T§A) ¹¼Ø ‚› −ª— ,¹¼§B »¦Ç µ 1399 . ¨oØ dÇ« …ÇwA°E EIHGF nk~§A k¼´z§A BµnoØ e ,»ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A »§Aá ¹e±T–« ¹§Bwn (1) »ã Ç— u½nBÇM »ã Ç— EFIHG »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A S¼M »¦ H¼Ø –UBµ BµÀ«E° ,¬Ao½Aá »ã — ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¸n±X§A JBTE / ( EIHGF nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE RB‹±–d« −«) µ 1399 . o– . ë

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 32ê »§Aá ,²j±]° ³M A±›±Ø †½ ¬E ¬°o—Bā§A ¬°oªŽTvª§A ©µ±«°kh«° ³«BØāe jAnE ºã m§A ©½oā§A k¦L§A Amµ ¾B®ME −« nAoe¿Ñ A ¾B—oz§A B´¼— ¨°B› »ã T§A (¹‡°ozª§A) B½B‚› ¤Bā{E »ã — H›nB“ ³¼— »ã «Àw¿á A ©§BŽ§A ¬BŸ Sà ›° »ã — jAkLTw¿A° ©āØ dT§A ¬A±§E −« ¨kØ ›»ã T§Ac—Bāª§AKŽz§AAm´§¹¼Ø ¦Ž–§A RBwnBªª§A»§Aá ,jAkLTw¿AAmµ−« ¹ª§Æ« H¯Bª½Aá ¨±½ kŽM H«±½ jAjq½±µ° ,¨kØ š½ ¤Aq½ ¿° RB¼d‚T§A−« Hª¼Š Hª\\e B´§Ài /¹½Ø jB´\\§A ³e°n »¦ Gk¼ŸFU° Gj±ª° jo–¦§ ¹¼Ø Lµmª§A ¹¼Ø ~hz§A ™ª °kL½ ¹Ø¼§±†L§A ©eÀª§A ²mµ −¼M ¹¯nBšª§BM° ™¼ªÇŽ§A ³āvØ ªU° ,»ã ®½k§A ³«±´–« ³½jØ Æ½ ºã m§A ©¼ŠŽ§A n°k§A° ,©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A ²mǵ ¥Ø ÇŸ »ã –— /»ã §±†L§A jB´\\§A Amµ R¿B\\« »ã — ³TؼŽ]o«° ³T§Bwn° ³Uk¼šŽM ¬Ø E° ,¹Ÿod¦§ K‚®½ ¿ ºã m§A −¼Žª§A »ã µ S¯BŸ ¹¼Ø ®½k§A b°o§A ¬Ø E ‰eÀ¯ ©eÀª§A ¬Ø E° ,¹eBÇv§A »¦ ¹e°o†ª§A RAnBŽz§A »ã µ S¯BŸ ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ¨Àw¿á A RAnBŽ{ ,¹®«Æª§A KŽz§A o¼µBª] B´§±e •Ø T¦U »ã T§A ¹«Bq§A »ã µ S¯BŸ ¸k¼{o§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A ³¼¦ H›BL†¯A ˜kE KŽz§ ¹Ø½±µ k]±U ¿° ,BµjB´]° Bµj±ª »ã — B´ª´¦TvU° ,¾B†Ž§A° ¤mL§A° jB´\\§A ¹eBw »ã — B´M »Ø¦\\T½ »ã T§A ¹½Ø ±´§A −« ³¯±ª‚ª§ Gk¼v\\U° KŽÇz§A ³M oØL BªØ « »¦]E° cƒ°E Go¼LŽU ¹Ø¼§B‚®§A ³TؽoØ e − KŽ{ oØLŽ½ ©§° S¯BŸ ,¹–½o{ ÎnBŽ« −« ³ƒBi B« ¥Ø Ÿ »ã — ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ³T½Ø ±µ − ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A »¦ ªØ \\TU J±¦š§A° oBzª§A S¯BŸ° ,¨Àw¿á A ©wBM ©Ø TU B´®« ¸keA° ¥Ø ā§ ¹ÃLŽT§A »ã — ¸o¼vª§A ¨kØ šTU »ã T§A »ã µ ¹d§B~§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A° ¹Ø¼e°o§A º±š§A S¯BŸ° ,³wBwE /•½oz§A ³§B‚¯ ,nAoªTwBM ¹¦¼¿Ñ A ¹Ø½jB´\\§A ³T½Ø ±µ − oLØ  k› »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A ¬BŸ −ç° o¼LŽÇT§A »ã ´§ »ã ®¼ªh§A &A ¹½C »ã ®½k§A ]oª§A ¸jB¼šM ¸oBŽª§A ¹¼Ø d§A ³T‚´¯ ¬Ø Bá —

32ë / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w −« S«kØ › B« ©\\e° kB~Tª§A BµjAkT«A ©ādM ¹¼Ø §B‚®§A ¹½Ø ±´§A ϦU − Œ°n¿Ñ A ¹®«Æª§A ¹¼§B‚®§A ¹½Ø ±´§A ²mµ ¬Ø E ºo¯ B¯Ø Aá ° /j±ª −« ³¼¦ S®µoM B«° RB¼d‚U ¨Àw¿á A oÄBil ©ŠE −« »ã µ ,¤Aq½ ¿° ³v–¯ − »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A B´M oLØ  »ã T§A /W½kd§A »ã «Àw¿á A g½nBT§A »ã — B´ā¦ª½ »ã T§A ³UB›B‡° B´wnB« »ã T§A ¹Ø½jB´\\§A JnB\\T§A ¤Ài −« ¹¼Ø §±†L§A ¹¼Ø ~hz§A ²mµ o¼zU° ¥Ø ÇŸ ¹dƒA° °kLU ™ÄBšd§A −« jk »§Aá ©¦vª§A ¬Ao½Aá KŽ{ B´wnBª½ ¤Aq½ ¿° /³š½o†§ KŽz§A Amµ ¹½Åo§ HTMBY H¼Ø wBwE GnB‡Aá ¥ØāzU ¬E ºã n°o‚§A −«° ,b±ƒ±§A ³§B‚¯ »ã — ³eB\\¯ ™Øšd½ ¬BŸ »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A ¬Ø E : ¹TMBX§A ™ÄBšd§A ϦU −ª— ,¨BdT§¿A Amµ ¹Lv®M° ¸k¼{o§A ¹¼Ø ®½k§A ³T¼Ø Ž]o«° ¹Ø¼e°o§A ³UjB¼› « ³«BdT§A nkšM ¹¼Ø ®½k§A ³TؼŽ]o«° ³UjB¼› « HªdT¦« ¹š¼šd§A ²mµ »¦ H¼A° B´¼— ¥Ø ‹ ¸oØ « −« Bª— /¹š¼še »§Aá ³M ºjB¯ ºã m§A nBŽz§A ¤±Ø d½ ¬E ŒB†TwA° ¿Ø Aá ,«BŸ H«BdT§A ¸k¼{o§A ¥–’TÔ wA °E ,¹š¼šd§A ²mµ − kµB\\ª§A KŽz§A Amµ B´¼— ¥–“ ¸oØ « −« B«° /o«DT§A° ŒB¼‚§A ³]A°° ¿Ø Aá B´¯FzM −Ç« o¼XŸ −« »ã ›A±§A −~d§A »ã µ ¸k¼{o§A ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A° ¹Ø¼e°o§A RAjB¼š§B— /”Aod¯¿A° ŒB¼‚§A ¬A±§E ²q\\®U° ,Amµ Bµn°kM ¨±šU S¯BŸ ¹Ø¼e°o§A RAjB¼š§A ¬Ø E : ™ÄBšd§A ϦU −«° /K®] »§Aá HL®] ”±›±§A° kƒBŽT§A° ©eÀT§A −« Bµj±v½ B« nkšM Gkؼ] GpB\\¯Aá ©eÀT¦§ ¬BŸ° ¿Ø Aá Go~¯ ™Øšd½ ¬E ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A B´¼— ŒB†TwA¸oØ « −« B«° /o~®§A Amµ ™¼šdU ¹¼Ø ¯Bā«Aá »ã — oÕ ¼LŸ nÕ °j n±Ÿmª§A kƒBŽT§A° »§Aá B´§±° −ª‚U »ã ā§ ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A ¬Ø E : H‚½E ™ÄBšd§A ϦU −«° ¹§Bwo§ ¹¦«B{° ¹¼A° ¹Ø¼¦¼~–U ¸oŠ¯ B´¦Ø ‹ »ã — o—Ø ±TU ¬E kØ M ¿ »ã «Àw¿á A B´—kµ

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 32ì B« nkšM° /¹¼Ø BªT]¿A ¸B¼d§AR¿B\\« •¦Th« »ã — B´UBŽ½ozU°B´ª¼µB–«° ¨Àw¿á A »ã T§A ¹Ø¼¦¼~–T§A ¸oŠ®§A²mµ ¸pnBLª¦§ ºã kÄBšŽ§A k¼o§A° ºã oā–§A tBw¿Ñ A »ã — o—A±TU »¦ oXŸF— oXŸE ¸nkš§A ¸pnBLª§A KvāU ,¹¼Ø §B‚®§A ¹½Ø ±´¦§ ¹Ø½oā–§A ©§BŽª§A q¼Ø ªU ¥Ø¦vU −« ¹½Ø kÄBšŽ§A B´Tؼ~h{ ¹½Bªe° ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A B´—AkµE ™¼šdU° o¼¼’T§A ¹wnBª« /−½oi¿Ð A »ã — ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A j±šU »ã T§A ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A ¬Ø E ºo¯ Amāµ° ¹¦eoª§A ²mµ »§Aá S¦° ¬E kŽM Ç »‚« ¨±½ ºØ ã E −« oXŸE Ç ¨±¼§A ¸±Ø k« ³eB–Ÿ B´Ø¯Aá : ¤±›E ,¹eBv§A »¦ Ç ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¥Ø Ÿ Ç ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¾¿° SLvTŸA° ,B´Uo¼v« −« ¹š¼›k§A ¹Ø¼¦Ž–§A RB]Bd§A »§Aá −à ¼ŽM oŠ®U ¬E »§Aá Ç »‚« ¨±½ ºØ ã E −« oXŸE Ç ¨±¼§A ¸±Ø k« −« Ç jkØ dU ¬FM ϧl° ,¹Ø¼¦LšTvª§A B´UB]Be »§Aá ºoiÔA −à ¼ŽM oŠ®U° ,B´Uo¼vª§ ,¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A B´T§Bwn° B´Tؼ]±§±½k½FM ¥~ØT½ Bª¼— ¹¼Ø ¦¼~–T§A ¸oŠ®§A ©§BŽ« ¥Ø Ÿ Ç ¬¿Ð A B´ª¼¼šÇU° ¸o¼vªÇ¦§ ¹¼Ø ¦Ž–§A RB]Bd§A »§Aá »§°¿Ô A ¸oŠ®§A »ã — ¹†LUo« B´¯Ø E BªŸ° »ã —° Ç ¹¼¯BX§A ¸oŠ®§BM …LUoU ¬E kØ M ¿ ϧmŸ ,¹¼Ø ®½k§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§BM B´UA±†i k½kdU° bB–Ÿ RjB› »ã T§A ¹¼Ø ®½k§A ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§BM Ç ¹¦«BŸ ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹Ø¼]±§±½k½¿Ñ A ©§BŽ« k½kdU ¨Àw¿á A »¦ ”oØ ŽT¦§ »ã Ž¼L†§A° »ã oz§A nk~ª§A »ã µ ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A ¬Ø ¿Ñ ,KŽz§A Amµ /³ª¼µB–«° ³«BāeE° Sª´—E Bª®¼e Go¼LŸ HLvā« SšØše k› ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A ¬Ø E H‚½E ºo¯ BªŸ pnBLªŸ ¿Ø Aá ¹eBv§A »¦ poL½ ¿ ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø E −« ŽL§A ²n±Ø ~T½ B« F†i ©§BŽ§A ¬BŸ n±~T§A Amµ ¬Ø Bá — ,oi¿Ð A ”o†§A pnBL½ ¬E ϧl kŽM ³ªØ µ −« u¼§° ,¹¼Ø vŸnBª¦§ ,¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¸pnBLª§A »¦ ¹¼Ø ŽLT§A° •¦Ø hT§A MB‡ ÷BLwAá ¥¼Lw »ã — ŽL§A ³¦Ø ’Tv½ ¹eBÇv§A »¦ RpoM »ã T§A ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A ¤Ài −« n±Ø ~T§A Amµ ˜qØ ªU k›°

327 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w kŽME H¯B¼Ÿ ¨°BšT§ ,¹Ø¼®½k§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A ¸jB¼šM° ¨Àw¿á A ¸±Ø šM° ¨Àw¿á A ©wBM ¹¼Ø ¯Ao½¿á A ³T§BÇwn ³§ ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø E ϧl SLYE kš— ,−¼Ø¼vŸnBª§A° ¹Ø¼vŸnBª§A − ¬±ā½ B« ºã m§A ¨Àw¿á A ³v–¯ ±µ ¹¼Ø vŸnBª§A ¨°Bš½ ºã m§A ¨Àw¿á A ¬Ø E° ,¸pnBLª§A »ã — ³T§BE° /¬B¼’†§A° ©¦Š§A ¬A±§E ¥Ø Ÿ ¨°Bš½ ¬BµlE »ã — He±ƒ° ²k½qU° Kvāª§A Amµ ™ªØ ŽU ¬E ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A »¦° ¹¼Ø ¦¼~–T§A B´UoŠ¯ ©§BŽ« −« oXŸF— oXŸE ¹eBv§A »¦ ³eo†U BªM ϧl° ,¼ª\\§A /¸qؼªTª§A B´Tؼ]±§±½k½E° B´UjB¼šÇM ©¼ŠÇŽ§A »Ûã ǯAo½¿á A KŽz§A −«C k›° Ç ¹–½oz§A ¸pnBLª§A »¦ ¬Ø Aá −« B´´]A±½ B« ™ªŽM ÎnkU ¬E° ,¹¦eoª§A ²mµ º±Tv« »¦ ¬±āU ¬E Ç ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A H¼Ø «ÀwAá ¬Ao½Aá ¾B®M ¬Ø ¿Ñ ;o¼¼’T§A ¹Ø¼¦ª »ã — ¸o¼Lā§A B´—AkµE ™¼šdT§ ¹ª¼Š ¾BLE º±Tdª¦§ oÕ ¼´†U Ç Ï§l»§Aá ¹Ó —BƒAá Ç ±µ ¥M ,¾Bªw¿Ñ A° ¥āz§A»ã — o¼¼’U joØ \\« u¼§ ¹¼Ø ¯Coš§A ©¼š§A ³¼— ™Ø—kTU ,Hؼe Gk½k] ÀÑÓ « ¬±ª‚ª§A ¾¥«° ,¸kwB–§An°m\\§A ¥Ø Ÿ −« /¸B¼d§A R¿B\\« •¦Thª§ ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A° »ã — ¸pnBLª§A Bª´M SŽTØ ªU −½m¦§A −½k½o–§A [‚®§A° ¹§±†L§A ¬Ø E »ã — ÏØ { ¿° RB¼Ø §°ÆÇvª§A ²mµ ÎAnj¿á B´U¾B–Ÿ kØŸÆU ,³«kµ° kwB–§A ›A±§A ¹d—Bā« ¹¼Ø ¦ª /»ã h½nBT§A° »ã BªT]¿A° »ã e°o§A B´šª° B´«kØ š½ »ã T§A ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A RB¼d‚T§A »o½ ¬E »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw »§±ª§A ¤Fv¯ »ã T§A ¸oµB†§A ¾B«k§A −« ¥Ž\\½° ,¨À¿Ñ A ³ÄBª¦ ¸jB¼šM kµB\\ª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A RBª¦‹ −« ¬Ao½Aá ZohÔT§ ,n±®§BM ¾»ã ‚U H±ª{ ¹eBv§A »¦ ¬±ŸB–Ø v§A B´›AnE /¸B¼d§A R¿B\\« ¥Ø Ÿ »ã — ¥«Bz§A ¨Àw¿á A ™¼L†U »§Aá ”Aod¯¿A° jAkLTw¿A ¸k½k] ¹š¦e ¿Ø Aá tkØ šª§A k´zª§A »ã — B½Bd‚§A −« ¸o¼i¿Ñ A ¹¦—Bš§A Sv¼§°

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 328 −¼š½kØ Ç~§A° ¾Ak´z§BM ©´šd§E° ,³Tªen ©¼ŠŽM &A ©µkªØ ’U /¸B’†§A npB\\« −« ©Ô Ò¦ŽÖ Ò¼ÇwÒ °Ò ) , (2)(−Ò ¼šß ÚTªÔ Ö¦Ç§ß ¹Ô LÒ ›ß BŽÒ Ç§Ö A ) , (1)(Hš¼Ç—ß nÒ ÏÒ Ãß ÇÒ§°Ö ÔA −Ò vÔ eÒ °Ò ) , −¼d§B~§A° /(3)(¬Ò ±LÔ ¦ß šÒ ®½Ò Kà ¦Ò šÒ ®«Ô ºÚã E A±ªÔ ¦Ò ‹Ò −Ò ½mß §Ú A ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A nk~§A o›BM kªØ d« / ì9 : ¾Bv®§A (1) / 83 : }~š§A (2) / 227 : ¾AoŽz§A (3)

(1)nB¼ThM n±LµB{ »§Aá ¹½Ø nBā®TwA ¹¼Ø ›oM nB¼ThM n±TŸk§A JB®] ™¦Ç’§ k½kÇz§A ºã nBā®TwA ¨kØ ›ÔA ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A ¾Bª¦° ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A ©wBM ,¸j±Ž§A »¦ »ã ®¼ªh§A »ªŠŽ§A &A ¹½C ³¼— ¨q ºã m§A S›±§A »ã — ,jÀL§A RAnB†« ³Uj± B¼¯k§A ¾B]nE ¼ª] »ã —° ¬Ao½Aá »ã — −¼ª¦vª§A ¸±i¿á A −« −¼½Àª§A KØ›oT½° ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A° ¹Ø¼h½nBT§A ³Tؼ§°ÆvªM ´®½° ,KŽz¦§ ºã jB¼š§A ²n°kM ¦†‚½ »ã ā§ ¹ŽØ Ç{E° ¨ÀÇw¿á A n±¯ »§Aá ¹¼Ø ®½jÀ§A° ¥´\\§A RBª¦‹ −« k¦L§A ºã k´½° ,¹ª¼ŠŽ§A /¬Bª½¿á A ©¦vª§A KŽz§A ¸jAnAá ¨B«E ¹¼Ø oz§A o¼“ RBŽØ®~T§A − •Ø āU ¬E ¥«C »ã دAá ° ™½o†§A k¼LŽU ¥]¿Ñ ÏT§BšTwA −¦ŽU ¬E° ,¾Bª¦Ž§A ¸jB¼› o¼“ ¸jB¼šM »ƒo½ ¿ ºã m§A k¼´Çz§A −Ç« K¦†ÇM ¹Ø¼wnBÇ–§A ¹’¦§BÇM° »ã ª{BÇ´§A j±ªdÇ« k¼Ø Çv§A BµnoØ ÇÇe ¹½Ø nBā®TÇÇwA ¹¼Ø ›oÇÇM (1) »§Aá ¨ 1979 . 1 . 2ê g½nBTÇM nB¼ThÇM n±LµBÇ{ ¹«±Çāe RqǏ°E ¬E kŽÇM ϧl° ,EHGIF nkÇ~§A ¨BÇؽE ¹YÀÇY ¸kØ Çª§ ³›ÀÇ“Aá ° ¬Ao´Ç‡ »ã Ç— »ã §°k§A jBÇMCo´« nB†« ¤ÀTeBM ¹¼Ø ¯Ao½¿á A ¹Ø½oāvŽ§A RA±Ø š§A »ã ª§Bǎ§A oªUÆǪ§A •¼Ç{nE RB‹±–dÇ« −Ç«) ¬AoǽAá »§Aá FIHGE »ã ®¼ªÇh§A ¨B«¿á A Œ±]n ¬°j ¤°Æd¦§ / ( GIEHF nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá §

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 330 ÎnmŽ½ −§ ”±v— ¿Ø Aá ° ,¾Bª¦Ž§A ¹«BqM ºã kT´½ ºã m§A ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A ¨B«E /™¼—±T§A »Øã §° &A° ,n±¼’§A KŽz§A Amµ g½nBU ¿° &A ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A nk~§A o›BM kªØ d«

(1)IFHGE »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A »§Aá ¹Ã®´U ¹¼Ø ›oM »§BŽU ³ªvM /³¦Ø ‹ ¨Aj »ã ®¼ªh§A kµB\\ª§A ¨B«¿á A »ªŠŽ§A &A ¹½C ¸o‚e oØL¿Ô ,¨Àw¿á A g½nBU RBŠd§ ˜Ø jE −« ¹Šd§ »ã — ¹§Bwo§A ²mµ ©ā§ KTŸE /©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz¦§ ¸oµBL§A RAnB~T¯¿BM ™¦†ª§A ºã pAqTA° »ã TšY − ,¹ª¼Çād§A ©āUjB¼šÇM SššØ dÇU »ã ÇT§A ºoLā§A ¹¼§BTTª§A RAnB~T¯¿A ²mµ ˜oÇz§A »ã UnB‚Çe − ÁkM ¸mš®ª§A ¨Àw¿á A ¹e°o‡AÔ ¹½Ø ozL§A »¦ Sƒo° //−¼T¦MBšTª§A Bª´¼Tؼ]±§k½Aá ° Jo’§A° ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A ¸jAnBá M ™šØ dU ºã m§A ©¼ŠŽ§A nB~T¯¿A Amµ R±“B‡ cL{ V±§ −« ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A €n¿Ñ A ²mµ o´Ø ‡° ,¹ª¼ād§A ©āUjB¼› ¥Ø ‹ »ã —° /¹{°khª§A ³T«AoŸ° ©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A ”o{ k½k] −« »¼eE° ,o~Ž§A nAoe¿Ñ A ¨Àw¿á A ¾Bª¦ »ã ŽvM ¥~e ºã m§A o¼Lā§A »ã h½nBT§A nB~T¯¿A Amµ ¬AoǽAá »ã Ç— ¹Ø¼«ÀÇw¿á A ¸n±ÇX§A nB~TǯA ¥¼LÇ› ¹Ø¼wnB–§A ¹’¦§BM »ã ª{B´§A j±ªd« kؼv§A BµnoØ e ¹¼Ø ›oM (1) ϧl »TØ Çe SšØšdÇU »ã T§A RAnB~T¯¿A FGIHE »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«Àá § B´¼— ÎnBL½ ,FHIGE nk~§A k¼´z§A −« K¦†M / ( FIHGE nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE RB‹±–d« −«) g½nBT§A

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 332 ¹Ø½oÇā–§A º±š§A ¼ª] •UBāTM ²nBªY ‘¦M° ,©āUjB¼› SdU ©µjB´]° −¼A±§A g½nBU oL ³MBM »ã — ²o¼Š¯ ¥Ø › ºã m§A ©´ªeÀU° ,¾Bª¦Ž§A ¹Bª\\§ ¹¼Ø ¦ªŽ§A° ¹½Ø ±®Žª§A° /¹Ž¼z§A ¾Bª¦ »ã ǯAoǽ¿á A ªT\\ª¦§ S®ªƒ »ã T§A »ã µ ©eÀT§A° •UBāT§A° ¸ke±§A ²mµ° /o¼Lā§A »ã «Àw¿á A o~®§A Amµ ©¦vª§A o~®§A ¥eAo« Ç »§BŽU &A −« o¼LŸ ¥«FM Ç ³¼— }MØ oT¯ ºã m§A S›±§A »ã — −d¯° ¹«ki »ã — B®UB¯Bā«Aá ° B¯j±]° ¼ª] ‚¯ ,¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹‚´®§A ²m´§ ¹šeÀ§A »ã Ç— ¥¼†½ ¬E »§BŽU &A ¤Fv¯° ,¹wkØ šª§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¹‚´®§A° ©¼ŠŽ§A ©Ÿj±]° ©āT¼Ø ŽÇ]o« ¥Ø ‹ »ã — ¸o¼Lā§A ¸k¼TŽ§A B®§B«C ™Øšd½° ,©āUqØ  »ã — k½q½° ,©Ÿoª /»§BŽU &A ¾B{ ¬Aá ©āUjB¼›° ”o{¿Ñ A •d®§A nk~§A o›BM kªØ d« µ 1399 . ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A ¼Mn . 7

³MÀØ ‡ »§Aá ¹½Ø jB{nAá ¹§Bwn (1)¬Ao½Aá »ã — ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¸n±X§A ²B\\U ©´T–¼‹° ¤±e ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM /¨B®U ¿ »ã T§A ³®¼ŽM &A ©āŠ–e »ã ÄAqØ E° ºã j¿°E /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° HŽ¼ª] ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A HªwBe Go~¯ ¨Àw¿á A B´¼— ™šØ e »ã T§A ¹ª¼ŠŽ§ARBŠd¦§A²mµ »ã — ©ā¼§Aá KTŸE ¨BÇ«¿á A ¸jB¼šM° ,©¦vª§A »ã ¯Ao½¿á A KŽz§A k½ »¦ W½kd§A B®h½nBU »ã — Gk½o—° ©¦d§BÇM AlAá ° ,¨À¿Ñ A ¾Bª¦Ž§A° ¸oؼh§A º±š§A oÄBw kƒBŽU° ,³¦Ø ‹ ¨Aj »ã ®¼ªh§A ,−¼ª§BŠ§A »¦ H¯BŸoM ™¦†®U nBā—¿Ñ BM AlAá ° ,™šØ dT½ ¥«¿Ñ BM AlAá ° ,¹š¼še cL~½ ³vLÇe ºã m§A ¨Àw¿á BM AlAá ° ,€n¿Ñ A »¦ ¨Àw¿á A° ™Ø d§A ¹§°j ©¼šU° kvØ \\T§ KµoU ¿ ¹Ø¼T— ¹Ø¼¯Ao½Aá kA±vM ©šªš§A ovā½ ,©šª› »ã — ¬°oªŽTvª§A° ¬±ª§BŠ§A €n¿Ñ A ¤q§q¼§ ©šªš§A −« ™¦†®½ ©Ø Y ,S¼“A±†§A JBµnAá B´Tª½q −ß X½ ©§° ,R±ª§A €n¿Ñ A ˜nBz« »ã — HŽ¼ª] −¼ª¦vª§A t±–¯ »ã — WŽL½° ,−¼ª§BŠ§A ¥Ø Ÿ ¨Ak›E SdU ,¬AoǽAá »ã Ç— ¹¼Ø «ÀÇw¿á A ¸n±ÇX§A nB~TǯA JBšÇE »ã Ç— ³MÀØ ‡ »§Aá FEGHI nk~§A k¼´z§A BµnoØ e ¹§Bwn (1) »ã ª§Bǎ§A oªUÆǪ§A •¼Ç{nE RB‹±–dÇ« −Ç«) ¹¼Ø TÇ–§A ¸n±X§A ²B\\U ©´T–¼‹° ¨B«E B´§Ài −« ©´Ž‚½ / ( GFEHI nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá §

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 33ê /Gk½k] «E° ¸k½k] He°n B´MnB’«° ¬E k¼Žv§A ³ØŠe ³§ nkØ › jo— ¥Ø Ÿ »¦° ,©ā®« keA° ¥Ø Ÿ »¦ K]A±§A ¬Ø Aá ³½k§ B« ¥Ø Ÿ° ,³UB›B‡ ¥Ø Ÿ ¤mL½ ¬E ¸kÄAo§A ¹¼Ø «Àw¿á A ¹Mo\\T§A ²mµ •®Ÿ »ã — y¼Ž½ »ã — •Ø›±U À— ,¹Mo\\T§A ²mµ ¹«ki »ã — ³Ø¦Ÿ ϧl ‚½° ,RB«ki° RB¯Bā«Aá −« ¸±Ø šÇM B´T½An –UoU ¹Ø¼‚š§A° ¤mL¦§ kØ e ¿° ,¨Àw¿á A ¥]¿Ñ jBzÔ½ ¾B®L§A° ¤mL§A /¹¦¼Ãƒ S¯BŸ Bª´« jo— ¥Ø Ÿ RB›B‡ »§Aá ¹]BdM k½k\\§A ¾B®L§A ¹Ø¼¦ª° ,¨Àw¿á A RkvØ ] »ã T§A »ã ®¼ªh§A kؼv§A ¹¼Ø Ž]o« ¬Ø E H‚½E HdƒA° ¬±ā½ ¬E K\\½° ¹½Bªe° ,B´§ |Ài¿á A° B´§±e ”B–T§¿A −« kØ M ¿ ,¨±¼§A ¬Ao½Aá »ã — ¨Àw¿á A ¤B«C Sv¼§° ,©¼ŠŽ§A B´—kµ »ã — B´¯BM°l nkšM ©¼ŠŽ§A Bµj±]° »ã — ¬BM°m§A° ,B´d§B~« ϧl SššØ e ¹¼Ø Ž]o« ¥Ø Ÿ° ,™½o‡° ”kµ »ã µ BªØ¯Aá ° ,H~h{ ¹d§B~§A ¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A /|ÀiAá ¥Ø āM B´§ ¥ªŽ§A K\\½ »ã T§A ¹d§B~§A ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A »ã ´— ™½o†§A° ”k´§A ºØ ã E − B´M jBŽTM¿A K\\½ ¬Ao½Aá »ã — ¹Ø¼Ž]oª§A ¹eBv§A °E »ã Ž]oª§A ¬Ak¼ª§A° /¸kÄBš§A ¸k¼{o§A¹¼Ø Ž]oª§A »¦ ˆB–d§A »ã — ©µBv½ ¿ °E •Ž‚Ô½ ¬E ³¯F{ −« ¾à »{ ¨Àv§A°Goil° Gk®w ©āŠ–e° ,o~®§A ¹eo–M ©ā¯±¼ oØ ›E° ,©Ÿk¼M &A miE /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° »ã TØLeE B½ ©ā¼¦ ©Ÿ±ME

(1)»ã w°o§A °q’§A ¬BMØ Aá »ã ¯B’—¿Ñ A KŽz¦§ ¬B¼M ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM »¦° kªØ d« ³š¦i k¼Ø w »¦ ¨Àv§A° ¸À~§A° −¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kªd§A° /−½oµB†§A ³§C −« −¼«B¼ª§A ¸Ak´§A ¥Ø ÇāM ©¦vª§A »ã ¯B’—¿Ñ A KŽz§A B´§ €oØ ŽT½ »ã T§A ¹¦ÄB´§A ¹®dª§A ¬Ø Bá — kŽM° Amµ ¨ÀwAá »¦ HinB ¾Ó AkTA ¥XØ ªU ,H±~i ¨Àw¿á A ¾Bª¦° ,H«±ª ³UBB؆› ¸±Ø šÇM jAo½ lAá ,¹Ø¼¯Bv¯¿á A ©¼š§A ¥Ø āM GnBT´TwA° ,³Tؽoe° ³T«AoŸ° ™½oŽ§A KŽz§A He°n° H«j ¨Àw¿á A »¦ Fz¯ KŽ{ »¦ o–ā§A nBā—E €o–U ¬E nB®§A° k½kd§A /H\\´®«° ¸Ó k¼š ³®‚TeA° ,¬±\\v§A RB¯Aq¯p »ã — ¬±ŽLš½ ¨±¼§A ¨À¿Ñ A ¾Bª¦Ž§A −« RAozŽ§A ¬BŸ −ç° −« −¼½Àª§A° ,nAoªTwBM ¬±Ø–~Ô½ ©¦vª§A »ã ¯B’—¿Ñ A KŽz§A ¾B®ME −« nAoM¿Ñ A RBë° KŽÇz§A k½qU ¿ ¹®dª§A ²mµ ¬Ø Bá — ,©´Uk¼š ºkØ dTU° ©´T«AoŸ nk´U −¼ª¦vª§A »ã Ç— ³T¼Ø ‚Çš§ ¸Ó o~ǯ »ã ¯B’Ç—¿Ñ A KŽz¦§ µ 1399 . »ã ¯BX§A ¼Mn . 22 »ã — nk~§A k¼´z§A ²noØ e ¬B¼M (1) / ( EGHIF nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE RB‹±–d« −«) »ã w°o§A °q’§A ¹´]A±«

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 33ì /−½k§A ¹‚¼M − HB—j° ³Uk¼š° ³®½kM HāvØ ªU ¿Ø Aá »ã ¯B’—¿Ñ A −« ©´½k§ B« ¥Ø āM A±§±d½ ¬E ©½oā§A »ã ¯B’—¿Ñ A KŽz§A jAo—E ¥Ø āM K¼´¯ −d¯° /−½kd¦ª§A° jBd§¿á A ¹‚L› »ã — ©¦vª§A ©µk¦M Œ±›° ¬°j ¹›B‡ ™ª A±Ÿnk½ ¬E B´MnB’«° €n¿Ñ A ˜nBz« »ã — HŽ¼ª] −¼ª¦vª§BM K¼´¯ BªŸ »ã — nAoe¿Ñ A ¥Ú Ÿ A±L§B†½ ¬E° ,¬B’—¿Ñ A »ã — ¬±ª¦v« ©´§ ¬Õ A±iAá B´´]A±½ »ã T§A ¹®dª§A ,nB¼i¿Ñ A ³ÄB®ME° ¨À¿Ñ A ³ÄBª¦° KŽz§A Amµ ¹½Ø oØ e lBš¯Aá ¥]E −« ¥ªŽ§BM ©§BŽ§A ²k½Ø ƽ° ,»Øã M¿Ñ A KŽz§A Amµ »¦ ³T®¼āw ¤q®½ ¬E ³¯BdLw o½kš§A »§±ª§A »§Aá ¥´TL¯° ,³®½k§ Hؼ—° ¸jAn¿á A K¦ tEo§A —An ¹®dª§A ²mµ −« ³]oh½° ,²k® −« oà ~®M /³T§Bwn »¦ H®¼«E /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° HŽ¼ª] ©´¼¦ ¨Àv§A° µ 1399 . »ã ¯BX§A ¼Mn . 22 nk~§A o›BM kªØ d«

(1)¬Ao½Aá »ã — »ã MoŽ§A KŽz§A »§Aá ¹§Bwn kµB\\ª§A ,¬Ao½Aá »ã — q½qŽ§A ©¦vª§A »Øã MoŽ§A B®LŽ{ /³UBŸoM° ³Ø¦§A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A ¬AoǽAá J±ŽÇ{ oÄBw° Ç ©Ÿ±jE° ,¨Àw¿á A ©wBM ©āL‡BiAÔ »ã ¯Ø Bá — ,kŽM° »ã — »¦E ÂX« g½nBT§A »ã — SMoƒ »ã T§A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A ¸±Ø i¿Ô A b°n k¼v\\T§ Ç ¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ¿Ø Aá ©¦v« »¦ ©¦vª§ ³¼— ¥‚— ¿ ºã m§A −¼šØTª§A ªT\\« »ã — ©eÀT§A° kƒBŽT§A ,»Øã zLd§A¤ÀM° »ã «°o§AK¼´°»Øã wnB–§A¬Bª¦w°owB½−M nBªØ  ªT\\«,º±šTØ §BM ¹e±T–ª§A ,€n¿Ñ A j°ke ¥Ø Ÿ ¸p°B\\Tª§A ,¬Bª½¿á A° oā–§BM ¸o«BŽ§AJ±¦š§A ªT\\« nB‡Aá »ã — RB›B†§A ¥Ø Ÿ o´~®T§° J±¦š§A keØ ±TT¦— ,¾Bªv§A ¹§Bwn° ¾Bªv§A ©wBM ºã m§A ©¼ŠŽ§A »ã «Àw¿á A ªT\\ª§A ¾B®M ™½o‡ »ã —° »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«Àá § ¹ª¼ād§A ¸jB¼š§A /³¦Ø Ÿ ©§BŽ§A »§A ©½oā§A ¬Coš§A ¥Žz« ¥ªd½ K]n . 1ì »ã Ç— »ã ª{BÇ´§A j±ªdÇ« kؼÇv§A BµnoØ Çe ,¬AoǽAá »ã — »ã MoŽ§A KŽz§A »§Aá ¹´]Ø ±« ¹§Bwn (1) »ã Ç— »ã Ç›Aoǎ§A ¨BŠÇ®§A B´ÇŸoØ Çe »ã ÇT§A ¹¼Ø «±š§A RAoŽ®§A oYAá HEFIG nk~§A k¼´z§A −« K¦†M µ 1399 . RB‹±–dÇ« −Ç«) ¬AoǽAá »ã Ç— ¹Ø¼«ÀÇw¿á A ¸n±ÇX§A nB~TǯA k¼ŽM JoŽ§A B´®†š½ »ã T§A ¬BTwp±i ¹š†®« / ( EGHIF nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 338 /³UBŸoM° ³¦Ø §A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A° nk~§A o›BM kªØ d« K]n Ç 1ì ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A

(1)»§°¿Ô A GIHFE »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A ¹¼Ø ›oM − JA±\\§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM /³¦Ø ‹ ¨Aj »ã ®¼ªh§A &A b°n k¼Ø v§A kµB\\ª§A ¨B«¿á A »ªŠŽ§A &A ¹½C ¹eBªw •\\®¦§ ¹¼Ø e°o§A ©āT½Bn° ©āU±Ø MAÔ RkvØ ] »ã T§A ¹ª½oā§A ©āTؼ›oM S¼Øš¦U −« kØ ªTwE »ã دAá ° ,¹ª¼ŠŽ§A ©āUAnB~T¯A y¼Ž½ ©ā›nB— m®« ¤Aq½ ¿ ºã m§A ,”o{¿Ñ A »¦ ˆB–d§A »ã — ¹¼Ø §°Ævª§A ™ªŽM oŽ{E BªŸ ,¹Ø¼e°n ¹d–¯ •½oz§A ©ā´¼]±U /”o{¿Ñ A •\\®¦§ »ã ª¦Ž§A ¬B¼ā§A −¼ª¦Çvª§A −Ç« −¼½ÀǪ§A RB¼Ø dU − ¹LwB®ª§A ²m´M ©ā§ oØLÔA ¬E jØ °E° k½k] −« ˜o{E ºã m§A ¨Àw¿á A n±¯ »ã — A°k]° −½m§A ,q½qŽ§A B®›Ao »ã — −¼®«Æª§A° ,o—BÇā§A oªŽTvª§A Jo‚§ ¹Ø¼e°n ¹›B‡° ,³Ø¦Ÿ ©§BŽ¦§ H½jBµ G¾±ƒ ©Ÿk½ »¦ µ 1399 . K]n ¦†Ç« ³Ç¼§Aá B´XŽÇM »ã T§A HFEIG »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A ¹¼Ø ›oM − FEGIH nk~§A k¼´z§A JA±] (1) ¬Ao´Ç‡ ¹ÇAlAá −Ç« JA±\\§A ½lAÔ k›° ,”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A −« Z°oh§A »¦ ³«q ¤±e ¼{ÔA B« oYAá ¨ 1979 . ì . ê g½nBTÇM ¹¼Ø T½±Çā§A ( ¹wB¼Çv§A) ¹–¼dÇ Ç B´® š¯ Ç ³Uoz¯ ©Ø Y ,»ã MoŽ§A ©vš§A Ç / ( IHGFE nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE RB‹±–d« −«) ( µ 1399 . K]n . 9 )

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3ê0 »ã —° ,¹Ø¼«Ao]¿á A ³§Bā{E ¥Ø Ÿ −« ©§BŽ§A o½odT§° ,¹Ø Bi »ã ā½o«¿Ñ A nBªŽTw¿A° /−¼†v¦— ¹wkØ šª§A B®ƒnE JB~T“A ¹ª½o] B´T«kØ š« ¨Àv§A° ,»ã §B’§A ©Ÿj±]° ¨A°kM B®ŽTØ ª½ ¬E »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw »§±ª§A ¤Fv¯° /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ µ 1399 K]n −« u«Bh§A ”o{¿Ñ A •\\®§A nk~§A o›BM kªØ d«

(1)¹¼¯BX§A EHIFG »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A ¹¼Ø ›oM − JA±\\§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM /³¦Ø ‹ ¨Aj »ã ®¼ªh§A k¼Ø v§A kµB\\ª§A ¨B«¿á A »ªŠŽ§A &A ¹½C ¹eBªw bBT½ ¿ lAá »ã ¯Ø Aá ° ,»ã § ºã ±M¿Ñ A ©ŸkšØ –U − RoØL »ã T§A ©āTؼ›oM »§Aá SŽªTwA ¬E °E GkeE ºnE ¬E −āª½ ¿ ,S¼L§A ¹½°Ap »ã — ŒÕ j±« »ã د¿Ñ Hؼ›oM JA±\\§A »ã § GnB®« ©ā¦Ø ‹ ©½k½ ¬E »§BŽU° ³¯BdLw »§±ª§A ¤FwE ¬E ¿Ø Aá »ã ®Žv½ ¿ ,keE »ã ¯Ao½ /¸kÄBš§A ©āT¼Ø Ž]oªM •¼®d§A −½k§A ‰–d½° ,¨ÀwÀá § ¸k¼š »¦ ˆB–d¦§ B®šØ—±½° ,³¦¼Lw »ã — ¾B®Ž§A BØ®« ¥LØ šT½ ¬E »§BŽU ³§FwE BªŸ ²j±]° −« ³TØ«¿Ô »ã †Ž½ B« nkšM ¿Ø Aá ¬Bv¯Aá ºØ ã E ¸B¼e Sv¼¦— ,¹ª¼ŠŽ§A B´¦XÔ Ô«° ¹Ø«¿Ô A ¥Ø Š¼w B« ©Ÿoā—° ©āUB¼e° ©Ÿj±]° −« −¼ª¦vª¦§ ©T¼†E k›° ,²oā—° ³UB¼e° GHFEI nkÇ~§A k¼´Çz§A JA±Ç] ¥\\Ø ÇwÔ k›° ,GFIHE »ã ®¼ªh§A ¨B«¿á A ¹Ø¼›oM − GHFEI nk~§A k¼´z§A JA±] (1) ( »ã «ÀÇwAá ºã n±´ªÇ] ) ¹–¼dÇ ¥ÇwAoÇ« ³Ž« BµAo]E ¹¼Ø –UBµ ¹ª§Bā« oYAá q\\d§A ¸oT— ¤Ài H¼Ø U± k¼´Çz§A ¨BÇ«Àá § »ã ª§Bǎ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE RB‹±–d« −«) µ 1399 . ¬BLŽ{ . ë g½nBTM ¹Ø¼¯Ao½¿á A / ( HIEFG nk~§A

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3ê2 /−½kµB\\ª§A ¥Ø ā§ Hª¼Š ÂX« g½nBT§A oØ « »¦ /³UBŸoM° &A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A°

(1)q\\d§A ¸oT— ¤Ài ¹½Ø n±Y RA¾Ak¯ ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A ¾Ak®§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM ³§C »¦Ç° kªØ d« B¯kؼw »¦ ¨Àv§A° ¸À~§A° −¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kªd§A° /−¼«B¼ª§A ³Ld° −½oµB†§A ///©¦vª§A »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A B´½Ø E ÏM H¯Bª½Aá tB®§A kØ {E B¯E° ©½oā§A »Øã M¿Ñ A oØ d§A KŽz§A B´Ø½E ÏL‡BiAÔ »ã ¯Ø Aá ÏÄB®MEJ±¦› ³M Sd–‡ BªM GpAqTA©µoXŸE° ,k¼\\ª§AÏh½nBTM° ¸o¼Lā§AÏe°oM° ¬°kŸØ ƽ ©´¼ME »§Aá A±š—Ø kU lAá ,¹¼Ø Ž]oª¦§ ¸±Ø ®ÔL§A° ¾¿±§A° KØ d§A oBz« −« ¸noL§A »§Aá ¥Ø ‹E ¬E »ã ®Ø « ¬±L¦†½ ///º±šT§A°¹Ø¼ªd§A° ¸o¼’§ABµÆ¦« t±–®M ¨ÀwÀá § ©µ¾¿° /»ã «¿C B´Ø¯¿Ñ ;Jo› − ©´«¿C y¼E° ©´¼wA°ÔA ©´L¯B] ¬BÇŸ° ,³UjB´Ç{ ™LÇw ºã m§A o¼Çi¿Ñ A q\\Çd§A ¤ÀÇi GFEHI nkÇ~§A k¼´Çz§A B´¦\\Ø Çw ¹½Ø n±Y RA¾Ak¯ (1) »ã Ç— ¹¼Ø U±Ç~§A RB‹±–dǪ§A −«) ²jB´zTwA ¤Be »ã — Bµoz®¼§ ©¼ād§A q½qŽ§A kL kؼv§A »§Aá B´¦wo½ ( FEHIG nk~§A k¼´z§A ¨B«Àá § »ã ª§BŽ§A oªUƪ§A •¼{nE

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3êê Ï›BªE »ã —° ώ« »ã دE ºã jAk]E° »ã ÄBMC KŽ{ B½ ϧ kŸØ ÅE ¬E jØ °E »ã ¯Ø Aá ° /Ϧ]E −« &A ¥¼Lw»ã — »ã «j−« ¸o†›oiC ¤mME ¥M ,ÏT®d« »ã —Ï® »Ø¦hUE −§° nB®§A° k½kd§A ¸±Ø šM €o— ºã m§A SLā§A Amµ ¬Ø E −¼§°Ævª¦§ kØŸÅÔA ¬E jØ °E° ¹¼Ø ®½k§A²oÄBŽ{ ¹wnBª« »ã — ³UB½Ø oØ e° ³›±še …vME −« ³«od— »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A »¦ ///ªš§A° ¸±Ø š§BM HªÄAj [§BŽ½ ¬E −āª½ ¿° ,oØ ªTv½ ¬E −āª½ ¿ /¸oMBL\\§A° ¹®Ao–¦§ »ã šL§ HªÄAj HªwBe H]À S¯BŸ ±§ ¸±Ø š§A ¬Ø Aá /B¯oL~— ///¹Al¿á A −« •½oz§A ¬Al¿Ñ A A±†šwE /B¯oL~— ///¹Al¿á A −« ¹Žª\\§A ¸À A±†šwE° /B¯oL~— ///B´®« ©Š¿Ñ A ©vš§A A±Ž®«° −¼vd§A ¨B«¿á A oÄBŽ{ A±›±Ø ‡° /B¯oL~— ///H¯±¼° H®«E Bµ°ÀÑ «° k]Bvª§A A°oBe° /B¯oL~— //©´Mqe »§Aá ¾BªT¯¿A »¦ ²AoŸ¿á A RÀªdM A±«B›° /B¯oL~— //B´¼— KŽz§A k¼®\\U K\\½ ¤BšT¯A ¸oT— B´Ø¯Aá : A±§B›° ?¤BšT¯¿A ¸oT— oØ ªTvU »T« »§Aá ?»T« »§Aá −ā§° »ã ā§ KwB®ª§A ±Ø \\§A jB\\½¿á »ã –āU ¿ ©ād§A −« −¼®w oz ¸oT— S¯BŸ AlAá !?ϧm§ ¬°oŠT®U ¸oT— ºØ ã F— ///³š½o‡ »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A nBTh½ B´Ç½Ø E Ç ©Çā§ cTÇU ©§ ™¦†Çª§A ©Çād§A −Ç« −¼®w oz ¸oT— S¯BŸ AlAá ° AlBª— ///²AoŸ¿á A ™½o‡ − ¿Ø Aá ©āMqe »§Aá ¾BªT¯¿BM tB®§A ŒB®›Aá Ç ¬±§°Ævª§A ! ? ¬±¦«FU kªØ \\T¦— »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz¦§ »ã š¼šd§A ³]±§A ”oŽU ¬E k½oU ¹†¦v§A S¯BŸ AlAá ° Œ±LwAÔ ¤Ài A°oLØ Ž½ ¬FM tB®¦§ cªvT§° ,…š— GkeA° H±LwAÔ ¹¼Ø Žªš§A B´Uq´]E ///¬°k½o½ BªØ  oÄBŽ{° ¹¼Ø ®½k§A oÄBŽz§A ¹½Ø oe ˜À‡Bá M K§B‡AÔ ,HŽ¼ª] ©āªwBM K§B‡AÔ »ã ¯Ø Aá

3êë / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w /fedcg −¼vd§A &A kL »ã ME ¨B«¿á A ¹Ø¼«Àw¿á A oÄBŽz§A° ¹Žª\\§A ¸À° ¬Al¿Ñ A ¸jBBá M HŽ¼ª] ©āªwBM K§B‡ÔA° /¹Al¿á A »§Aá Jqe »§Aá JBvT¯¿A »¦ ²AoŸ¿á A RÀªe ”Bš½Bá M HŽ¼ª] ©āªwBM K§B‡AÔ ° /RB½±Tvª§A ¥Ø Ÿ »¦ WŽL§A ,¹Ø¼–vØ ŽÇU ¸n±~ÇM −¼¦šTŽª§A − ZAo—¿á BM ¬Bv¯¿á A ¹«AoŸ ©wBM K§B‡ÔA° /¾B‚š§A − ¹¦~–®« ¸n±~M ºã o\\½ ºã m§A (1)»ã –¼ā§A ¤BšT¿A ”Bš½Aá ° ¤B\\ª§A cv–M B´¯±¦ØXªU »ã T§A ©¼š§A ©wBM° ,HŽ¼ª] ©āªwBM K§B‡AÔ : Go¼iE° ™½o‡ − ϧl° ,jÀL§A ¬°Æ{ o¼¼vU »ã — ³šØ e ¹Ø¼š¼še ¸n±~M tnBª¼§ KŽz¦§ ///H›jB ¼XªU ¹«Ø ¿Ô A ¥ØXª½ u¦\\« ³® ™XL®½ oØ e JBhT¯A ¾Ao]Aá −Ø ā§°,»ã UB¼e»ã ®–¦Ø āUk›° ,H¼§B“»ã ®–¦Ø āU ”±wRBL¦†§A²mµ¬Ø E ©¦E»ã دAá ° ¹«Ø ÔA oBz« »ã µ RBL¦†§A ²mµ BªØ¯Aá ° ,³U±ªM R±ªT§ jà o— K¦‡ Sv¼§ RBL¦†§A ²mµ ¸±–~§A° »Øã ¦° kªØ d« b°n B´›BªE »ã — y¼ŽU ¹Ø«ÔA R±ªU ¬E −āª½ ¿° ,¹«Ø ÔA ¸jAnAá ° /³MBdE° kªØ d« ¤C −« »Øã M¿Ñ A »Øã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A ¾B®ME ±jE »ã ¯Ø Bá — RBL¦†§A ²m´§ ¹†¦v§A K\\TvU ©§ AlAá ° − ŒB—j Amµ ¬Ø ¿Ñ ;−ªY −« ϧl ³–¦Ø Ÿ Bª´« RBL¦†§A ²mµ ¥ªe »ã — ¹¦A±ª§A »§Aá /™¼—±T§A »Øã §° &A° ,¸k§Bh§A &A ¹§Bwn ,¨Àw¿á A −° ,¹«Aoā§A −° ,u–®§A 1399 K]n 20 nk~§A o›BM kªØ d« / »ã ]Aqª§A : ²jAo« (1)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3êì »ã ¯BX§A ¾Ak®§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM ³§C »¦° kªØ d« B¯kؼw »¦ ¨Àv§A° ¸À~§A° ,−¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kªd§A° /−¼«B¼ª§A ³Ld° −½oµB†§A B´®½k§ SL‚“ »ã T§A ¹ª¦vª§A ˜AoŽ§A o¼µBª] B½ //q½qŽ§A »ã ›AoŽ§A »ã LŽ{ B½ /¥X«Ô ° ©¼› −« ³M S®«C B« ¥Ø ā§° B´UqØ ° B´TؽoØ d§° B´T«AoŸ° −¼ŸBØ–v§A k½ »¦ ¹¦ÄBµ ¹®dª§ ¨±¼§A €oØ ŽTU Ï¯Ø Aá : ©¼ŠŽ§A KŽz§A B´Ø½E ¥wÀvM Bµ°kؼ› ¬E kŽM o¼µBª\\§A ¥ª¦ªU° KŽz§A K‚“ ©´§Bµ −½m§A −½nAqØ \\§A° −Ç« A±qT¯A ϧmM ©´¯Ø E −¼ŸB–Ø v¦§ ¥Ø¼iÔ ° ,JBµn¿á A° Ko§A −«° k½kd§A −« B´®½kÇM° B´Uk¼šŽÇM B´T¦Ç −Ç« Bµ°joØ ]° ,¹«Aoā§A° ¸qØ Ž§BM Bµn±Ž{ o¼µBª\\§A ˜AoŽ§A ¾B®ME −« ¹®«Æª§A ¹B\\z§A −¼½Àª§A ²mµ A±§±Ø d½ »ã ā§ ,©¼ŠŽ§A BµkªØ dªM° −« ³§BX«E° ™¦– ¾¿° B´¯±Ø›q½° ,¬°ÅBz½ •¼Ÿ B´¯±ŸoØ d½ R¿C° »Ó «jÔ »§Aá »Øã M¿Ñ A /Bª´¼¦ &A RA±¦ »Øã ¦° kªØ d« ¾¿° − ÁkM ,nBªŽTw¿A° o¼zLT§A ¾Àª oL~U k›° ,¸B’†§A−o–U Bª´« ,¸B’†§A −« º±›E »ã µ HªÄAj o¼µBª\\§A −Ø ā§° ,¸B¼d§BÇM L®½ ¤Aq½ ¿ KŽz§A ¬Ø FM ¸B’†§A »Ñ ]±— Amāµ° /©¦vTvU ¿ B´Ø®ā§° »§Aá ¬°njBL½ ©´¦Ž] ºã m§A ±µ Amµ° ///³Tª¦Ÿ ¤±š½ ¬E »¦ ¸nkš§A ³½k§ ¤AqU ¿° ¾B®ME −« ¾B—oz§A° −¼®«Æª§A −« ”¿¿Ð A RAoz »¦ ¹¦ÄB´§A RÀªd§A ²m´M ¨B¼š§A ©´TŽ¼¦‡ »ã —° ,¨Ak¿á A° K½mŽT§A° ¤BšT¿A° −\\v§A RÀªe //©½oā§A k¦L§A Amµ „B¼w SdU oi¿Ð A kŽM keA±§A ¬°k´zTv½ ©´Ø¯E »ã ®’¦L½ −½m§A ¬°kµB\\ª§A ¾Bª¦Ž§A /// K½mŽT§A

3ê7 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w ,»ã LŽ{ B½ ÏM oØ ªU »ã T§A ¹®dª§A ²mµ ™ª ³¼— ÎnjAÔ ºã m§A S›±§A »ã — »ã دAá ° ¸o¼i jB´zTwA° ,¾Bª¦Ž§A ¾¿Æµ jB´zTwA ¬Ø FM −«ÅAÔ ,ºã jAk]E° »ã ÄBMC KŽ{ B½ Gj±ª ¿Ø Aá Îk½q½ −§ ///¹š§B–Ž§A „B¼w SdU ºnB¼’§A ÏÄB®ME° −½oµB†§A ÏMBL{ ///o~®§A °E ¸jB´z§A »TØ e ,™½o†§A Amµ »ã — »Øã ‚ª§A »¦ Hª¼ª~U° oÇiC Amµ ¥Ø Ž§° /¸jB´z§A »¦ SªªØ  »ã ¯Ø E ,»ã ÄB®ME B½ ,©ā§ −¦AÔ B¯E° KTā½ »ØTe ,¾Ak´z§A¥—A±›¥LšTvT§SdT— k› ¹Ø®\\§AJA±ME¬Ø Aá ° ,»ã ®Ø «³¯±ŽªvU B« oØ ‚U ¿ ¹®ve B´Ø¯Aá : mqnop &A ¤±wn B´® ¤B› »ã T§A ¸jB´z§A mØ §E B«° ///o~®§A ©ā§ &A /S’¦M Bª´« ³M±¯l ¥Ø Ÿ ¥v’½ ³UjB´zM k¼´z§A° /¹Ãؼw B´Ž« ¥Ø Ÿ ¥ªŽ½ ¬E ˜AoŽ§A ZnBi »ã — »ã ›Ao ¥Ø Ÿ »¦° ˜AoŽ§A »ã — ©¦v« ¥Ø Ÿ »¦Ž— Amµ ¹§Ap¿á ,¤B‚®§A° jB´\\§A ¹«AjAá ¥]E −« Ç ³UB¼e ϧl ³–¦Ø Ÿ ±§° Ç ³Žw±M B« o¼—±U° ,¹Ø¼¯Bv¯Aá À§A ¹MB~Ž§A −« ²o½odU° ,K¼Ld§A ˜AoŽ§A nk − t±MBā§A &A ¹ªen° ©ā¼¦ ¨Àv§A° ///¨Àw¿á A tBwE »¦ ¨±š½ •½o{ mØ — c§B ©āe / ³UBŸoM° [ 1399 ] ¬BLŽ{ 10 nk~§A o›BM kªØ d«

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3ê8 (1)W§BX§A ¾Ak®§A ©¼eo§A −ªeo§A &A ©vM ³Ld° ³§C »¦° kªØ d« »¦ ¨Àv§A° ¸À~§A° ,−¼ª§BŽ§A JØ n & kªd§A° / −¼«B¼ª§A /©¼ŠŽ§A KŽz§A B´½Ø E ///q½qŽ§A »ã ›AoŽ§A »ã LŽ{ B½ ¥Ø āM ¹Ø½jB´\\§A ÏUB¼e° ÏT®d« −« ¹L¼~Ž§A ¹Šd¦§A ²mµ »ã — ÏL‡BiAÔ »ã ¯Ø Aá HLµm« }Ø hU ¿ ¹®dª§A ¬Ø ¿Ñ ;ÏTŽ¼{° ÏT®Ø vM ,ÎjAoŸE° ÏMoŽM ,Ï–ÄA±‡° ÏUB× »ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A ¥Ø Ÿ ¹®d« »ã µ ¹®dª§A ¬Ø E BªŸ° ,ºoiÔA ¬°j ¹¼Ø «±› ¿° ,oiC ¬°j ¥Ø Ÿ ›A° ±µ »ã §B‚®§A ©eÀT§A° »ã §±†L§A jØ o§A° ºã jB´\\§A •›±ª§A ¬±ā½ ¬E K\\¼— ///»ã ›AoŽ§A KŽz§A −« j±]±§A Amµ S§mM ¹Ø«¿Ô A ²mµ »ã — »ã T¼Ø §°Æv«° ºã j±]° S—o m®« »ã دAá ° W¼e ,¾A±v§A »¦ ºã joā§A°»ã MoŽ§A ¥]E −«° ,¾A±v§A»¦ »ã Ø®v§A° »ã Ž¼z§A¥]E ©§° ,HŽ¼ª] ©´ªØ ‚U »ã T§A ¸k¼šŽ§A −° ,HŽ¼ª] ©µkeØ ±U »ã T§A ¹§Bwo§A − SŽ—Aj ///¼ª\\§A ”kµ° ,|Àh§A ™½o‡ : ¨ÀwÀá § ¿Ø Aá »ã ¯B¼Ÿ° ºã oā–M yE /»ã Ž¼z§A ºã k§°° »ã iE B½ ώ« B¯E B« nkšM »ã Ø®v§A ºã k§°° »ã iE B½ ώ« B¯F— ¥Žzª§A Amµ −« A±¦ªdU B« nkšM° ,¨Àw¿á A « BªT¯E B« nkšM BªāŽ« B¯E /jB´†ƒ¿A° ¤Ø m§A° …ئvT§A t±MBŸ −« ˜AoŽ§A lBš¯¿á ,©¼ŠŽ§A ¬Ø E ¤±Çe WŽÇL§A JqÇe B´M ¨±š½ »ã T§A RBŽÄBz§A ³T’¦M ¬E kŽM ¾Ak®§A Amµ EGFHI nk~§A k¼´z§A ¥\\Ø w (1) / ¹®Ø v§A ¥µE −« }¦Ø hT§A ”k´TvU ¹Ø¼Ž¼{ ¹Ÿoe ³TŸoe

3ê9 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ŒBªT]A° ¹wB¼w ¬Ø E ¹®Ø v§A −« ¸noL§A B®ÄB®ME »§Aá A±e±½ ¬E ¬±§°Bd½ ²¾B¼§°E° R±“B†§A ¬Ø Aá °Ø kǎ§A kØ Çƒ ¹Ø¼š¼šd§A ©´TŸoŽ« − ¹®Ø v§A A±¦~–¼§ ,¹®Ø w° ¹Ž¼{ ¹§Fv« ¹§Fvª§A / ÎoTzª§A ¬Ø Aá ,oª° oāM »ã ME ¾B®ME° −¼vd§A° »Øã ¦ ¾B®ME B½ ,©ā§ B´§±›E ¬E k½nÔA° /»ã ®Ø v§A ©ād§A° ¹Ž¼z§A −¼M Sv¼§ ¹ŸoŽª§A tBwE »¦ ¨±š½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A° ¬°k{Ao§A ¾B–¦h§A ³¦XØ « ºã m§A »ã Ø®v§A ©ād§A ¬Ø Aá J°oe »ã —H½Ø k®] JnBe lAá ,³® ŒB—k¦§ •¼v§Adgcef »Øã ¦ ¥ªe ,¤kŽ§A°¨Àw¿á A ¨Àw¿á A ¹½An − JnBd¯ B®Ø¦Ÿ° /(1)(oāM »ã ME) ¤°Ø ¿Ñ A ¹–¼¦h§A ¾A±§ SdU ,¸jØ o§A /»ã Lµmª§A B´¯±§ ¬BŸ Bª´« ¨Àw¿á A ¹½An SdU° ¥L› ¹Ž¼z§A ¾Bª¦ »T—E k› ¨Àw¿á A ¹½An ¥ªd½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A »ã Ø®v§A ©ād§A ¬Ø Aá A±§mM° ¹Ž¼z§A −« ”¿¿Ð A RBë Zoi° /(2)³¦]E −« jB´\\§A J±]±M ¬o› •~¯ »ã Ø®v§A ©ād§A ¹½Bªe ¥]E −«° ,¨Àw¿á A ¹½An »¦ ˆB–d§A ¥]E −« H~¼in ©´«j /¨Àw¿á A tBwE »¦ ¨±š½ ¬BŸ ºã m§A KvT®U ¹†¦Ø vTª§A ¹Ã–§A S¯BŸ ¬Aá ° Hؼخw Hªāe u¼§ ¨±¼§A ›A±§A ©ād§A ¬Ø Aá /−Ø®vT§A »§Aá Hؼh½nBU ©āe »ã ®Ž½¥M ,−¼Ø¼Ø®w −½±ME −« k§° }h{©āe »ã ®Ž½ ¿ »ã Ø®v§A©ād§A ¬Ø Aá ,©´UB—oØ ~U ¥Ø Ÿ »ã — ¨±¼§A˜AoŽ§A »ã — ©ād§A S¼“A±‡ ²AkØ dU ºã m§A Ç oª° oāM »ã ME Ç oŸmǽ t°°BLJ −ÇMA k¼Ø Çv¦§ }Ø Ç¯ ÎB®µ −ā§° ,¹Ž¼z§A »ã inØ Æ« ¥Ø ] k® ¹TMBY o¼“ º±k§A ²mµ (1) ¾B–LJAá ° ¬BªÇ½¿á A° ¨ÀÇw¿á A »¦Ç A°kØ ÇUnA −½m§A »¦ ¹®½kª§A ¥µ¿Ñ cdefg »Øã ¦ ¨B«¿á A ¸kBv« ³¼— / ( 12ê : ¹\\´ª§A ¸oªX§ ¹\\Ø dª§A •zŸ) ¬Ao¼®§A ϦU / »§°¿Ô A ¹Ø¼ª§BŽ§A Jod§A »ã — −¼Ø¼¯B†½oL§A kØ ƒ ÎAoU¿Ñ A Joe »ã — ¹Ž¼z§A ¹ŸnBz« k~š½ (2)

RB‚«° / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 3ë0 −« ¸±†i¥Ø Ÿ »ã —°¨±½¥Ø Ÿ »ã —HŽ«oª° »Øã ¦¹«oe°¨Àw¿á A¹«oe¬±ā´T®½ ©µ° /¹Ø¼«Ao]¿á A ©´UA±†i B´® —Aj »ã T§A ¹Ø¼®½k§A oÄBŽz§A A±†šwE ©´¯Ø E »ã ¯A±iAá ° ºã j¿°E B½ ¬°oU ¿E !?HŽ« oª° »Øã ¦ ¬±\\ª§A ¥ÄBw° ¥Ø Ÿ° o½pB®h§A ¤±še° n±ªh§BM jÀL§A A°ÀÑ « ©´¯Ø E ¬°oU ¿E !?HŽ« oª° »Øã ¦ B´MnBe »ã T§A° jBv–§A° RBÃÇ— ¥Ø ÇŸ ²B\\ÇU ¬B¼’dž§A° ©¦Š§A ¬A±§E kØ {E ¬±wnBª½ ©´Ø¯E ¬°oU ¿E ³T«AoŸ ¬B´T«A »ã — H®®Ø –U° KŽz§A »¦ Gkše ¨±½ kŽM H«±½ ¬°jAjq½° !?KŽz§A RAoMBhª§A° −«¿Ñ A º±šM ¹‡Bdª§A©µo¼Bš« »ã — ²kØ ƒ ¨B~T¿A° ³® ¤B~–¯¿A° ©´«¿C «° tB®§A …w° »ã —° ,tB®¦§° ,tB®§A « ¬Bz¼Ž½ oª° »Øã ¦ ¬BŸ Bª®¼M / ©´§B«C° MB‡ ³¼¦ ¬±’Lv½ HؽoÄBz GnBāTeA ¹†¦v¦§ ¾¿Æµ nBāTeA »§Aá ¬°oU ¿E º±w KŽz§A o¼µBª] ¥Ø Ÿ ¨B«E ¨kØ šT§A JA±ME ¾¿Æµ kØ w° !?H¯BT´M° Gn°p Jqd§A k¼L »§Aá A±§±Ø dU° ©´T«AoŸ A±BM° Œ±®h§A° ¤Ø m§BM ©´v–¯¿Ñ A±ƒn −½m§A Ïç°ÔA /¾¿Ø lE ,»ã ŸAoT{¿A»ã MoŽ§A WŽL§A Jqe ¹«AoŸ »ØTe A±®´T«Ak› −¼†Ø¦vTª§A ¾¿Æµ ¬Ø Aá B´¼§Aá ¨Bª‚¯¿A€o–U ¹MB~ »§Aá ºã kÄBš Jqe −« ³¦½±dU ¥]E −« A±¦ª W¼e ©§BŽ§A »ã — ³v–¯ ¨oTd½ »ã š¼še Jqe ºØ ã F— ¿Ø Aá ° ,²AoŸ¿á A° ¸±Ø š§BM B´§ JBvT¯¿A° !?¸±Ø š§BM ³¼§Aá JBvT¯¿A €o–½ ¬±kØ ½ ºã m§A³v–¯ »ã ŸAoT{¿A»ã MoŽ§A Jqd§A −« »TØ e ”±h§BM A±vØ eE ©´Ø¯Aá Am´§° ,³¼®LU »ã T§A ²kA±› ³§ H¼Ø š¼še HMqe »ã šM AlAá ³®« ”±h§BM A±vØ eE ///³¦¼XªU K½mŽT§A° ²AoŸ¿á A tBwE »¦ ¨±š½ ¼ª\\U »§Aá ³¦½±dT§ ²kA±› A±«k´½ ¬E A°jAnE