Очерк истории казахской советской литературы

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AKAAEMHft H A»K KA3AXC K0H CCP HncTuryr latim u Aureparypu OMEPK MCTOPMM KA3AXC K014 COBETCKOM JlMTEPATYPbl HsAaxeAbQTBO Ai iyk Ka33XCKo» CCP AaMa-Ata —1958



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rturo uanona B CBOHX no3Tll>iecKHX npOH3BeaeHH«X A6a& «TH BM nomwccu comianbHoft whshh KasaxCKOfl cre.ui. pa- DHTiiKoua* neuewecTBo m xaiuKecrao 6aeB-4>eoja-ioB. nonCyw- I iiciiaaiicTb k iiupaCoTHTeauM, ccaaaBaJi apKae caTiipin.ecKHe laaxcKofl^iosBMcfl AOaii nocTaBH.1 aanany cjiyxemm na'Kwy. BiwnHTaniifi ero n ayxe cxpeMjieHHH K rpyjiy. aKTHBHOMy nrammo A6afi ywep b cbmom iiaiaae XX BeKa. K stony BpcMem. b KaaaxcTM, 6muwA Toraa OTcxajioA KoaointanbiioH onpaimoii uapcKon l occim, y«-c npoHHKaan KaniiTajuicraiccKHe OTnouiemw. C iipoiiHKHOBeimeM iianiixa- -HIBHa ycHJlHBCH TOT flBOHIlOfl THBT CO CTOPOHbl IiapCKHX KOflOHH3UTOPOB ckhA ‘uapoz. Ho BOBBCBCHHe Ka3axcTana » KanaraJiHCTHiecKoe pn3B>mic iiMeno a onpenenemioft wepe nporpeccHBHoe 3iia>ieHiie— y Ka3a\\CKoro ini- poaa cTa/io npocbiiiaTbcH xaaccoBoe caMOcoaiiaime. H A6afi. no a npiiMcp cboiim coBpcMeiuiiiKaM —no3Taw apyroro, xoiicepBaTHBiioro re'ieninr, uoi'ne- aaBUiiiM npoumoc, iipiiBcnh'BOBaa HOBOe, BoiiMowHocTb c6JiH*e:ma_T|>ya>i- iwixcH B33axoB c pyccKHM HapoaoM, npnoflineiwa ux K nepenooQil uyai.- Type. KpymiefiuiHM npocBCTHreaeM-n&aaroroM, bhccuihm Sojibiuofi bk;hih it pa3BHTHe ica3axcKofi jiHTCpaTypu h kphthicckoA Mbic.ni b X IX aexc, Ciii.T Taioxe HGpaft AaTbiiicapim (1841— 1889). Tbop>icctbo HSpan AjiTuiicnpiina npencxaanaeT co6oil neaarorii'iecKH HanpaB-iemibie npoH3Beneiiiin, coaep- txauute aKryaabiibie Bonpocbt xy.ibTypbi h iiapoanoro npocBememm roro BpcMBHti. OGyqeinie xasaxcKiix aerefi b ycaoBiinx naxpnapxajii.Ho-itico.'ia.'ii.- Hofi Ka33xcKofi cTeim 3aiiHMB6T b HeM neHTpajibHoe MecTO. Me-ioBex, bco- CTopoime pa3BHTbiil, 3HaKostuA c nepeaoBofi ofimecTBeHHoft .vuc-iuo Pocciin, on CTpacTHO nponaraHAHpoBaa npocBeniTcabCKiie naeH cpe.au cnoero uapoaa. H. AaTbiiic.apHH ii3bcctch h KaK Kpymibift host, nepeBoa'tBK, aniop MHoro'iiicjieiniK'X pacc.Koacra ,um Hexed. Ero npoaan'iecKHe npoii3Beaenim iiocaaii iia3iiaaTeabHbifl xapaKTep, no no cbocmv naeiiHo-TeMaTimecKOMv coaepwaHHio h xyaojKccroeHHOMy ypoBHio ohh ho chx nop ne norepsaa caoe- ro 3HaiCHHB. • •Beamon'i nosx A6afl KyHaHSaeB, HGpafi AaraiicapHH ho xoima cnooi! 5KH3HHocranajincb bcphumh cBooMy Hoary — caywiin, iiapoay, npo6ywnaTh b hch cTpeM-ieHHe k xyabiype, Hayxe. oCpa30BaHMK> h Tpyny. $n< cBo6oHojno6iiBbie, ACMOKpaTH'iecKiie TeimeHuiiH TaopqecTBa ACao. KynaH6aeBa, nostTa KpimnecKoro peajni3Ma, npocBeTHrejibCKiie iiaen n. AaTMHcapHHa npofloawnaH b cbohx npoii3Bcaeinmx KaaaxcKvte nHcaTe.ni- HeMOKpara Havana XX Bexa: CnanaHsip Kofiees (1878—1957), CyjixanMax- MyH TopafirhipoB (1893—1920), CaGttx /(oHeuxads (1894— 1933), Myxa- MeriKait Cepajiim (1872—1929) n ap. y CnaiiHHap KoGeeB b 1908 rouy namica.i ncpaufi b Kaaaxcxofi JiiiTeuo- Type poinaH «KajibiM», kotophS ony6jiHKOBan b 1913 r B stom nonane r Po r 3 H = r n U aj , i Kpeno,iieHHe 3a cBo6a,iy 3HTexbHoe noaoweHHe. HaciuibHo oraai i 3aMy>K 3a 6ora<ia-n’eocnn“onT‘‘a Typ- Jiyryaa, npocTan Ka3auiKa TaSraa y6en ot lypjiyryna a coeammex cboio cyabOy c JnoGiiMbiMhikiiititom KoKaur qejiOBCKOM, BbimefluniM 113 napo- aa. PoMaii C. KoOeeBa «Ka.ibiM» hbh HUM 06llHmiTejIbHbIM llP0H3BCHeHHeM n. iiaHCoaee HHefiHo-coaepjKaxejn,-

«CcAKbie>, «Bjiy*aaioinaa wn3Hb» Cy.iTaHHaxMyA TopafirbipoB pacxpunai lipOTHBOpeHHe COUHaJlhHOM2KH3HH TOrO BP6MCHH, KpilTHKyeT ' 3th cthxh iiosTa no pcajiHCTH'inocTH H3o6pa>xeiiHH aBAemift jkh3hh nepexxHKaioTCH co croxaMH AGan. CyviTahMaxMyA TopafirupoB cbohmh cboGoaoaioGhbumh cthx3mh boj- GywAaA y napoaa cTpeMxeHHe k GopbGe 3a cboio csoGoAy h He3aBHCHM0CTb. rio9T-peajiHCT, uaufiOAee Kpyniiufi nocae A6an Macrcp cxoBa, Topafiruipoc b cbohx ay>miHX ripoHsne/ieHHSTX npH3biBaa iiapoA k BHanmo, aitTHBHOMy achhhk) bo hma cbbtaoto GyAymero. TpeTbHM KpyilllMM npCACTaBHTeaCU ACMOKpaTHMCCKOB .HHpparvpij Hi qaaa XX BOKa asaiieicH CaGtrr AoHem-aeB. Eme b 1912— 1915 rr. no; Bbicrynaa Kan 3auurniKK yrHereKHUX HapOAHHXMace, KAefiMHA ayxuiux hi hobhhkob, 0ypwya3Hyx> HHTexxHreHumo, xoTopaa Ha CAOBax croaaa 3a oi BoGoatAeHHe hhahh, 3a BceoGmee paa&HCTBO. a na Aeae noAAepwHBaAa api croKpaTHuecKyai Bepxymxy, GiopoKpaTHaecxyio napcKyio aAMHuncrpanmo H npoaaBaaa HHTepecu HapoAa. B craxOTBopeiiHiix «OTpaBxeiinoMy aoAKyi Hue HpaBbi BOAocrabix ynpaBHTeAefi h Apyrax ayAbHbix 'Ihhobhhkob npep peBOJIIOUHOHHblX ACT. B CTHXOTBOpeilHH «EKIl6aCTy3» (1916), nOCBlimeilHOr oTKphiTOMy b to BpeMHyroAbHOMy MecropowAeHHio, no3T Aaer xapTHHy th wexofi JKH3HH paGomix, Ge3paGoTHUbi, o6pa30BaBuieficH b pe3yAbTate erre leitiw aioackoto noroxa H3 oKpecTHbix pafionoB, Gcahhkob, crpeMHBiiiHxcn 3apaGoTaTb Kycox xxeGa Ha HacTHocoGcTBenHH'iecKOM npoH3BOACTBe. Pa3o6 Bopeime «KaK Te6a He npoxAHCTb?*. OanaKO B peBoxiouHOHHWe toau H03Tlie cpa3y nonpa cmmca h 3iianeiiHe OxTiiGpbCKoft coiwaxHCTH'iecKofi pe- BOAIOUHH, H AHIlIb B XOAe CTP0HTeAbCTB3 HOBOfi JXH3HH, C0BeTH3aAHH ayAa OH yGcAHAca, hto CoBercxafl Bxacrb— aro babctb Tpyaanuixcn, Scahskok h GarpaxoB, yriieTeiiHbix paHee 6aaMH h (peojaxaMH. B 20-x roAax CbGht /lonoiiTaeB ukthbho BTOpraeTCH b HOByio WH3iib. nHuieT cthxh Ha axTyaAbHbie reMbi ahh: o GopbGe c KxaccoBHM BparoM, oG ycxaHOBAeHHH h YxpeiuieHHH CoBeTcxofi luacra b Ka3axcicHx ayxax, o pae KPCHOIUCHHH AHMHOCTH, paBHOnpaBHH WeiHAHH, 06 OKTHGpbCKOH peBOAIOUH h t. a, OcoGeimo aioGobho imuieT no3T o BOWAe npoAeTapcxoii peBOAio ahii —JleKHHe, onAaxHBaeT ero 6e3BpeMeiiHyio cMepTb. TaKHM o6pa30Nt CaCnT AoHeiiTaee CTanOBHTCH oaiihm H3 nepBux iiHcaTexeft, BocneBaBinH:* HOBoe odmecTBo h 3aAO)KHBniHX Haiaxo hoboB couHaxHcrinecKOH AHTe paTypbi. nHcaTeAH-ACMOKpaTM npeApeBOAKAuioHiiKix xeT cocraBXHAK nporpec CHBHoe hapo pa3BHBaioiAeflca Ka3axcK0fi AHTepaTypu noexe AGaa. npi HHrexbHO K HOBbiMycAOBHHMoGmecTBeiwo-noxHTHHecKOfi >kh3hh Kpaa, IIPOAOAAOAH aeMOxparaiecxHe cBoGoAOxioGiiBbie TpaAHUHH nos3HH bi koto ryMaiiHcTa h npocBeTHTeAH, see 6oxee ycnAiinaa ee coiuiaxbHyio B TeieHHe naTH-Aecam npeApeBoxioiuioHHhix xer 3iia'iHTeAbHoc pa3Bii Tile nonyHHAa Ka3axcxaa neaaTb. B ara toau b Ka3axcrane buxoahao KOAbxo ra3eT h wypHaxoB. XoTa hx HAeftno-nOAHTH<iecKoe HanpaBAeHHe h coAepwaHHe Guam pa3AHiHbiMH, a HexoTopue orxpbiTO nponaraHAKposaAH H3UHOH3AH3M, BCe We OHH0Xa33XH GOAbUIOe BAHHIIHC Ha pa3BHTHe HeHaTHOfl AHTepaTypu h b cbh3hcsthm Ha pa3BinneoGmero ypoBHH xyAbTypbi. B Hpo- rpeccHBiiux ra3erax h wypnaxax (HanpHMep, «Afixan» n Ap.) poaiixacb, pocaa h xpenxa xa3axcxaa nyGAHmicTHxa. 3tomy coAeficTBOBaxa Airrcpa-

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pyKOBOiimuHO nocraHOBJieiiiiH h yKa3aHHa napTHH npHBeaeHbi B rexcre. to oimb oGmm'i nepeicHb «e Bionoienu. 06meB pcAaKUHcS «0'icpKa hctophh K33axcKofi coBeTCKOfi ^iirepaTypbi® pyKCBoan.™ aKaaeMHKH AKaaeMHH HayK KaaaxCKofl CCP M. O. AyjooB, C. M. MyxaHOB h 'iaeH-KoppecnoHaeHT AH KaaCCP E. C. HcuaiuioB. Kim- ry OTpeAaKTHpoBaaH CTapimiii nayqHbifi coTpyamnc HHCTHTyTa mupolioi'i jih- TepaTypu hm. I'opbKOro AH CCCP 3. C. Keapima h crapuiiiii iiayqiiuii cot- pyjWBK HHCTHTyTa snbiKa h jiHTepaTypbi AH Ka3CCP E. B. /lioyiioua. Pa3aeabi khhthnanncaiiij: «CTaiiOBjieHHe Ka3axcnoft coBeTCKoii aiiTepa- Typu»—M. ZlyftcciioiiUM, E. HcMamiOBbirn; «j'InTepaTypa nepHo.ia Jionoemibix iihthjictok»—C. CeHTOBbiM; «JlHTeparypa nepiioaa BeaHKOfi OTeqccTBeHiiofi BoBHUb—M. ZtyflceiioBHM, E. B. Jlmynonofi. A. Jl. MajiOBHUKo, A. HapwsiCe- tobhm; «rioc.iieBOeHnaBnpo3a» — E. B. JIirayHOBolt; «nocjieBoennan no33im, Kpimma h JiBTepaTypoBeaeHHe* — A. HaphiMfieTOBbiM; «nocjieBOCHiiaa ;<pa- MaTypnia* A. Jl. MajioBHwo, «fl»a>i6ya flwaSaeB* — E. HcMaiuiOBUM; *Cai<CH CeBitiyajiHii*—E. HcMaiMOBhiM; «BeiiM6er MafijiiiHs—K. >Knpna- raMOcTOBbHi; «HjibHC flwaHcyrypoB* — M. KapaTaeBbiM; «Ca6iiT Myxa- \"ob» - M XaceHOBbiM; «MyxTap Ay330B» —A. HypKaTOBHM; «I'a6»T Mvc- penoo. - T. AxTaiioBUM; «ra6imeH Mvcra<t>HH»- C. KupafiacEmi; «Tanp /ivapoKOBb— M. CapccKecBUM; «AcKap TriKMara«OeTon» — E. HcMan.TOBbiM- •Mwjihaa TawiifiaeBi. —M. flyficenoBbiM; «raan Opmbhob» —M. JlyScciio- bum; iKacbiM AMaH»oaoB» —T. Ajihmkvjiobum ii M. /lyiiceHosbiM: «Pa3- BJiieiHTaaeAB.HHTaeppbalTMy6peTHOaBpboiaMo.B CCCP» — M. AyaaoBbiM; fiHOjiHorpadiiKi cocraB-

CTAHOBJIEHHE KA3AXCK0B COBETCKOH JlHTEPATyPU Be.iHKaa OxTn6pbCKaa couwajiHCTHiecKaa peBOAioima ocyiaecTBHAa sexoBeHHbie Menra yrHereHHoro paHee KasaxcKoro Hapoaa, npaaecaa eMy noi yio CBoGoay, OTKpbiaa WHpOKHe nyra k noAHTHiccxoMy, HauHOHajit- liOMy, Ky-TbTypHOMy B03po)xaeHHio. UlapOKHe CJIOHTpyiwwHXCH BKjiiO'iHJiHCb b GopbGy 3a TppWeCTBO aa- BoeBaHiifi peaojnouHH, 3a yKperuieime H pa3BHTHe coBeTCKoro expos. Kom- MyHHCTHMecKaa napnia a CoBeTCKoe npaemeabCTBO npoGyaHjm see panee OTCTaabie HapoAbi, btom iHC/ie xasaxcKHti napoa, k co3HaTe.ibiioMy TBopuccT- By. PeBOJiiouHOHiibie npeo6pa30BaHHH b Hauie* crpaHe BCTpciajm oriaamioe conpoTHBJiGHHGBUTecHaeMbix c HCTopwiecKofi apeHb) SKcnjiyaraTopcKHx KAac- cob. IlosTOMy 6opb6a aa laeo.ioniqecKo.M (ppoHre npoxoAH.na b HCKaioHiiTeJib- hooerpoft ipopMe. B stot nepHOA Bonpoc 06 OTHOUienHH xyaoacaHxa K peBO- aeouhh BCTaeaji xax nepea pvcckhmh. Tax a nepeA xa3axcxaMa aeHTeasMH jiHTepaTyptj h acxyccTBa. IlHcareJiH, kotopwe nponoBeAOBaaa kohtppgbo- AK>uHOHHyx> aAamopAhiacKyx) hacoaothio, CTaaoBHAHCb Ha cropoay npanOB peBOAiouHH h onaaKHBaaa b cbohx npoaSBeaeaaax ilieoAaabHuii cTpoft. I~Ih- caTejia h rioSTbi ACMOKparaaecxoro HanpaBjieHaa oiipgagahah cboh HAeflHO- TBopqecxHG no3HAHH. HexoropbiG H3 hhx (C. CefitJjyAAHH) c nepBtix we Aiieii P6BOAK3UHH eraHOBBTCti Ha CTOpoHy Hapoaa, npaHHMaroT AearejibHoe yqae- Tae b peBoniouHOHHofi OopbOe Go.ibuiOBiiKOB. hhug nepejKanaioT ouihGkh h yxaoHbi MejiKo6ypjKya3aoro hah eiaUHOHaniicTH'iecxoro xapaxTepa (C. Ho- HeHTaeB, C. TopafirapoB hap-). Ho MHorae nosra, npHHaAAeJxaBuiae x 3toB rpynne, Guam Tecao CBS3aHWc JKH3Hbio Tpyasiuaxca Macc. Hmghho no3TOMy ywe b 1918— 1919 roaax b hx TBOpaecTBe npaBAHBo oToGpawaeTca aeficT- BHTeAbHocrb. B tbkhx npoH3BGAOHHHX, xax «BeAHSx» («Keae8»), «X<H3Hb b GAyWAanHH* («Aflacxaa 6Mip») C. TopaiirbipoBa. «riocTaH08AeHHe» («Kayahi») C. /toHeaTaesa, «BbiGopbi» («Cafiaay»), «Obe3A» B. MafiAHHa, saneaaTACHbi hobkg lepra pgboak>uhohho8 snoxa. PeBOAH>uHOHHbienpeo6pa30BaHHa 3axBaraBaAHbcg yqacTxa aamefi whs- aa. TpyAsmiaficH napoa o6peA hg TOAbxo noAHTHaecxyro CBo6oay. oihpokhB npocTop GbiA oTxpbiT a aah ero Ayxoaaoro bo3PO>kaghhh, pa3Bara« HauHo- HaAbHofl xyAbTypbi. B 9THXueAHX CoseTCKoe npaBHTeAbCTBO b 1918— 1920 roaax npHHHMaGT psa nocraHOBAGHHil, aexpeTOB o pa3BCpTbiBaHHa xyAbTyp- Horo CTpOHTCJlbCTBa, 0 KPHTHMGCKOMOCBOGHHHKyAbTypHOTO HaCAGAHHnpOlU- Aoro, o paaBHTHH xyAbTypbi pa3AHHHbix HauHOHaAbHocrefl. 26 aexaGpsr 1919 roaa Cobgt HapoaHbix KoMHccapOB3a noanacbX) B. H. JleHHHa pa3pa- CoTaA MGpOnpHHTHHno AHKBHAaUHH HGrpaMOTHOCTH HaCGAGHHH. B 9T0M noc- TaHOBAeHHH HB AHpeKTHBHbIX VKa3BHHBX IlapTHH H npaBHTCAbCTBa, npHHfl- rax b nanane 20-x roaoB. ocoGog BHHMaaae yaeASAOCt BOnpocaMopraHH3a- uaa uixoA, H3A3HHHra3eTa acypHaAOB, pa3BHTHa AarepaTyp Ha poaHOMH3U- xe aauHOHaAbHocTefi, aaceAmouiax Harny crpany.

B roflu couHajiHCTii'iccKofl peBoaionHH h rpawjaiiCKofi Bofliihi 6o.n»iuHe 3aja»iH ctohjih nepea coBeTcxofi jiHTepaTypoS: OHa SbiJia npinBaim 6uTb r.iaiuaTaeM6opb6bi Hapoanux Macc 3a nocTpoeHHe hoboto oGmecTBa, 3a cbo- 6oay h HC3aBHCHMOCTb McuoaoB pecnyfijiHKH Cobctob, no.pmiMaTb peBO.no- UHOHHbiSayx coBeTCKHx .iioaefi. 3Ty 3aaaiy motoh BbinoJiHiiTb TO.ihKo iih- ca-rcaa, rayfioKO cBaaaHHue c JKH3Hbro, coxpoBemihiMH ayMaMH n 'ranimsiMH P Tboptoctbo Ka3axcKKx no3TOB, aKbiHOB, whphih, BbruieauiHX 113 napoA- hux HH30B, 6u.no TecHOCBB3aHO c CoraTofl ycTHoB HapoaHofi nosanei'i. Mno- rae M3 3THX neBUOB ao peuo.iioumi Bocneaa.iH repon'iecuyio Kaiuioiia.'ib- HoocBoCoAHTeabHyio (5opb6y poanoro Hapoaa. TeM caMbiM oim He mibKO ofioramajiM nepeaoBhie TpaaanHH ycTiiofi noaaiiH, ho h OKa3bPDa.ni 3aMemoe BaHBHHe na pa3BMTHe imcbMeiiHofl no33HH. Ochobhumh TeMamh iix npoii3- Beaeinift b npeapeBcuiionHOHHbie roa« 6burnco6brrna HapoaHO-ocBofioaiircab- HoroaBHjKeHMH 1916roaa; raaBHUMHrcpoHMH6um Gopubi 3a cBofiojy: Am.ih - reabflbi HMaiion, BeKOoaaTAwHKeeB, A.ih6hS/liKaHrajibami h apyrite. Ocbo- (SoaHTejibiibie Haen ycruoii no33HH aitUHOB b nepnoa OKT>i6pbcnoii peno.no- UHH3axoHOMcpHO neperoaH.iH b apceiia.i Ka3axcKofl coBeTCKOfl JiHTepnTypu. Ecjth h paiibiue, b rjiyxyro nopy caMOaepxcaBHH, Hapoanue aKunw HwasiOya /I*a6aeB. HypneHC BaftrannH, Keiicn A3ep6aeB, Kaim AfmaOe- kob, HapTafi Bere*aHOB oioCpawajiH wH3Hb poanoro Hapoaa c aeMOKp.Tni- ■racKHxHO3HHH0, to tenepb ohh ropsio npHBerCTByioT Oi<Ta6pbcKyro pcbo.ho- («Kyam,im xa6apu»), co3aaimoii u C. Ceft<J>\"------------- ay Hapoaa h i 1920roaax oi b KaaaxcraHe OopbCbi, He n («AcuFun tc

6o.ican aflTaitbiH»), «06pawenne k skhnrrait*, 1917 r. («Keji, wirirrep*), «B CTenH* («flajiaaa»), «H3 HeBOJW» («KaMayaaH»), «KoHb nofi», 1918 r. («TyanapbiM»), «Mapceabe3a Mojioaoro xa3axa» («>Kac naaaK napcej(be3i»), «Pa6oieMy» («*yMUCKepre»), «Ayji 6eraeua», 1919 r. («K.anmbiHHUH ayjibit), «ToBapHiuH> («JKoaaacrap»), «Mu» («Bi3»), «B nefiecax* («Ac- nanaa»), «Haiua KH3Hb—siccnpecc*, 1920— 1921 rr. («5i3am TypMbic—- 3Kcnpecc») apKO otpawaioT peBojiiouHOHiiyio 6opb6y Ka3axcnoro napoaa. floPyaeM b OopbSo. PeBOjuouHOHHoe coaepwaHHe ariiTauiioiiHO-nponaraHaiiCTCKofi no33HH C. Cefl(])yaaHHa onpeaenaer ee bhcokhc aaeaau, B03BuiuenmjS na<t>oc. H b CBoefi rpajK.aaHCKoA jiHPHKe, u B ciHxax. nocBSimeimbix apyxi6e, tiio6bh, no3T pHcyeT qyBCTBa n nepeMHBaHHH tbopuob iioboH cqacTjiHBOii xchshh. Tewa riofieahi peBo.iiouHH saimMacr b Hana.ie 20-x roaoB 3HaqHTejibBoe MecTOH B (7033hh B. H3TOv7HHa (1898 — 1921), C. MynaHOBa a apyrax nos- tob H micaTeaeft. B. Mbto.ihh He ToabKO co3aaBaa BaoxHOBeHHbie necmi o peoomouHH, ho h iienocpeactBeHHo yaacTBOBaji b 6opi,fic 3a ycraHOB-reiiHe Cob6tckoS B.iacTii b Ka3axcTaHe. B 1921 roay oh norH6 b 6ok> c 0e.io(5aHAHTaMH. OcHOBHbIMH M0THB3MH erO CTHXOB «K pOflllMMs («TyPaHUMa»), «ileCHH» («0.ien») cTaiiOBHTCH npocaaBJieHHe cboBojuj TpyaoBoro napoaa, 3aBoeBa- KHfi conHaancTHiecKofl peBoJirouHH. IIost, odnHqasi THweaoe, CecnpocBeTHoe npoinjioe, BocneaaeT HOByio anoxy. B CTHXOTBopeHHH«K poaHMM* oh BonnomaeT npeacTaBHTe.ieft sncnjiya- TatopcKHx KjiaccoB b o6pa3e «iyaoBHiuHoro, umnsiiuero yaaBa*. B cthxotbo- peHHH, ony6.iHKOBaiiHOMb ra3ere «KeaeS ce3i» (Omck, 1920), no3T OToCpa- scacT nepeMeiiu b naam-mecKoft wh3iih Harnefi crpaHbi, npoHcmeamHe b pe- 3yabTaTe BeaiiKofi OKraSpbCKofl couHa.iHCTHMecKoii peBOinomm: B. Hstojihh noKa3MBaer, hto CBo6oanaa xH3Hb 3aBoeBana Tom>KOfiaaroaa- pa pa3rpoMy naacca SKcnjiyaTaTopoB. Bean 6ypwya3no-h auhoha.iiicthnecKHe nHca-rejiH CHMBOJimecKH H3o0pa>KaaH npHHeceHHyio OKTH6pbCKofi peBoaio- UHefl CBo6oay CTeMHOfi HOHblO® H AeflTMOTHBOM CBOHX npOH3BeaeHH8 H36a- paaH CKopCb h yHUHHe no noBOay yrpaieiiHoro, to npoaeTapcKHe nos™ BOcneaaaH CBofioay, Kansapio, aajKweHHyioana napoaa (C. MyxaHOB, <Cb« ,19

fejiiBKa* - «Keaeft 6a.iacu»). a OxTA6pbCKyio peBCwnouHio, k3k 6yP»^»*e- Taiomyio cTapbifi »inp yrHeTaTcacA (C. MyxaHOB, «CBo6oAa» —xBoctsii- ^IlonHiecKoe cpaaHcuHCcboGoah c aapeft. c B30uieAWHM iia neGo conn- ueu, c oiKCTMTe.ibHU'MBHXpBM aah xa3axcnoA coBeTCKoft AHTepaTypbi Tex Art BB-IB.lOCb COBepUieHHOIlOBblM. Ho IICTOBHHKOMAAH T3KHX XyXOWCCTBeU- H0-H30Cpa3l!Te.1bHbJX CpCJCTB I10CAVJKHAH BCKOBeillbie Me>ITbl H BaBHHB no- pa6oiueHHoro napoaa, 3aneiaT.iciiiibie b ero ycTHOMTBop'iecTBe. TpyAOBOH HapoarayOoKOoco3H3Baacboio ncropHiecxyio po.ib. Hmchho nosrosiy aiipH- BecKHHrepoA CTHxoTBOpeHHa C. MyKanosa «Cuh 6eflHHKa» roBOpirr: B stom npoH3BeaeHBH nosT yTaepwaaei. bto HacTonmiie xo3Besa jkh3- hh—Oe.iHBKH. BCTaBiimc aa pouo.iiouHOHHUH DyTb. mto ohh He GyayT Te- nepb ojypMaiieHbi npejcTaBHTeAHMH rocnoACTByxjmero xaacca. He nofiayr k humb xaGaay, xax sno 6buio B npoiu.ioM. Cana repot] — b ero bchom ca- mocoshbhhh h b opyiKHH, xoTopbiM GyAyT yHHrroweHU OCT3TKHCBeprHyrbix B cTiixax B. Mafiama «EeAHHK» («KeaeA>), «no3ApaBAemie c npaaA HHKOM* («KyTTbI OO.ICblHMOApaMbill*), «HeT, He 3aGb[A tl» (cVMUTKaM wox»), H. Hwaiicyrypona xMojioAOMy GeAHtwy* («>Kac waanibiFa*), «K coin.iTe.ij.tibJM K>HOiuau> («Cniinau wacrapta*), «ripa3AHHK OeAHtiKa* (•Keaefl Tofibi*) TaKtKe Bociteaajiacb peBoaioiuiH, npHHecuiati cooOo.iy h pa- BeHCTBOKaBaXCKHMTPVABIUHMCH. •SIH CTHXOTBOpeHHH pOWfleilbl HCTOPH'ieCKOB AGHCTBHTe/IbHOCTbKt, OCBO- (SoaHTenbHofi GopbGoS Ka3axcKoro HapoAa. Ha hhx cxaaaaocb Taxwe luefmoe B-iHBHHepeBoaiouHOHiiux necen: ‘ Cmcmo, TCBapHiHH, b Hory>, cMapceabe3a», Koropue b to BpeMH GbuiHuinpoKO pacnpocrpaHeHbi cpeAH TpyAHWHXCH k ’ saxoB. HacAho coaByiHbie c npoHancneiintiMii pyccxoA coBeTcxoA no33HH, ohh xyaowecTiiemio caMoGunbi, no.inu iiamioHa.ibiioro CBoeoGpa3iiR. necHH o peBOjiiouHH k cboGoac CTaiioBH.mcb hacAhhm opytxncM b kom- MyHHCTHMecKOM BocnHTaHKH TpyAHUlHXCx. Onpeje-iati ocuoBHoe Iianpan-ie- HHe xaaaxcKoA cobctckoA AHTopaTypu. ohh o6orawa.ni iiapoAHonosTiiie- % Z Z a~ K33aX0B nPHH|wnHanbH0 hobum coAepwamieM b hobumh KojiuyHHCTHHecKaa napms VAe-ituia HouraqineAbHo GoAbUioe bhhmb* HHeBonpocaMocBoGoxcaemia hbpoaob CoBercxoro Bocroxa or oxob naTOHan- XMbHocfccoAaAbHoro paficraa. ynpoqeiiHH hx GpaTcxoro coTpyAHHaeCTea PC T r CTP',Bb'- OGPJ’3°BaHHe K.ipn.acxoA (KaaaxcxoA) shSctbom, C03AaBa.iHCb xpaciibie xananaHu 10.5^ ^ aB' \" HXC'1 K01|eBb,M x°-



fleaTC^bHocn. KoMMyiiHCTH'iecKofi napTHH, KaK p_yKOBoasuae0 chxh, HanpaB-naiomefl TBop'iecKyio bhcpthio cobctckhx jnoaefi, ee reiiepa.-ibiiaa aHHHfl onpeneJidJiH ockobhuo tcmu cobctckoHaHTeparypbi. H mchho nosro- My npofiaeMhi, BbiABHHyrbie b npon3Be/ieH]iax cobbtckoh jiHTepaiypH roaoB, H.'iejiH ranoe 6o.ii.iuoe 3iiaqeHHe b oSiaecrBeHHofi WH3HH. 20-e roau xapaKTepm* rum pb3bhtiib pycCKOfl aHtepaTypu noaBJieHHeM KpynHbix xy- flowecToeftiibix npoH3BeneHHii, oOoOwarouuix ii>th napoaa b peBOUiouHH: «He- JIQApTaMOHOBbJX», «MoHyHHBCPCHTCTbl» M. ToPbKOrO, «BJiaAHMHP MAbHH JJeHHU», xXopouioa B. MaaKOBCKoro. «Xeae3HU0 noroK* A. CepacpiwoBH- qa, «Mauaeis» A. <J>ypManoBa, «UeMefiT» <t>. r/iaflKOBa, CTHXOTBopeimsi j . BejjHoro. 3th npoH3BoaeHiisi, orpawaa JioByio AeiiCTBHTOJibiiocTb b ee pe- BoaiouHOHiioM pa3BHTHH, 3H3MeHoaajiH Buaajouwecsi ycnexn Bcefl cobctckoh aHTeparypbi Ha nyTH OBJiaaeima mctoaom couHaancraiecKoro peaaimia. npaaflHBoe Bocnpon3BeaeHHe iiCTOpH'iecKOfi po.iH BeanKoro OktbOpb, upKiie o6pa3bi repoeB— 6opuob aa coBeTCKyio BJiacTb, ajoaefi Tpyaa, CTporrre- aefi coaHaaHCTHoeCKoro oCmecTua— xapaKtepn3yiOT Jiynmne npoH3BGaemia coseTCKou JiHTCparypbj Tex act. 20-e rO.ibi b Ka3axcKofi cobctckoR aifreparype npHMenaTejibHbi paan’i- X 06pa30B. JKanpOB H <()OpM, CIIOCOS- hux BHpa3HTb iioBoe coaepwaH B 1922 roay C. CcHiJjy.'i.mHhtM 6hjih ony&iHKOBa xHeyKpoTHMbifl kohi.k («Acay Tyanap*), nbeca«Kpaciibie ci » (xKusbiji cyuxapaaps), «Ha nyTH k c'iacTbio» («BaxbiT wo.ibiHa»); b ..........., .... mea e cBeT cSophhk cthxob B. Maftjimia. 3th iit>0H3BeaeHHH, noaymiBUiiie IBHpOKyiOH3BeCTHOCTbcpmh HapoAHbix wacc. BHec.mKpyrmbifj BK.iaa B pa3- BHTHeKa3axcKofi coBeTCKofl jiHTepaTvpbi 20-x tojiob. B y&noBHHXowecro'ieii- hoB6opbfibi ua HaeoaorntecKOM (bpoHTe, Koraa CypwyaaHue HamiOHajiHCTbl CTpeMHancb yKpenHTb cboh no3muiH He ToabKo hpocthoA KJieseTOfi npoTHB Haefl peBoaioitHH, ho h HaeaaH3aune8 craporo MHpa, noraa ohh nbiTaancb oqepHHTi. bcio coBeTCKyio AHTepaxypy, nosiBjieuHe peBOJiiomiOHHhix np0H3Be- aeHHfl nanecao CHJibHbifi yaap no 3aMbicJian naaHOHajiHCTOB. 3th.npoH3Be- aeHHa sjcho cBHaeTe.ibCTBOBa.iH o tom. ito no Mepe ynpen.ieHHfl peBo.uo- uhohhux CHJI pocjia, Myma.ia h npojieTapcitaa .iirrepaTypa, pojKacHHaa b ropHHae penojiionnoHHo(i 6opb6bi rpyaoBoro Hapoaa. BercKECo\"cf~.i-ih\"BanCa.cTCHeftbcpyK.-.ai.a3.H.a.xH.c..xh.oBfl\"c033HiH. h b apaiiaTypTHH pacyeT no6eay Co- BeaHKyto ocBoOoflHTejibiiyio cuav oeBo- ™ a* Hb,x 6op“°Bv3a Amo Hmalnpooracaa. rtno RB. U.r..mi --------- ropecTH ayabHbtx 6ejwsjKOB Ka3axoB, Bon-ioipaa hx qyBCTBa h nepe- b o6pa3e 6eaiiHKa MapKUM6aa: Ecaa n JZc.iHno__ ropecTHTpaaocTO. HraT nOTxoaorHHec^rnoaTaHBO°no\" ” K° M’ Da3aei5,eT nH^ a o = eBHT = » Z HK\" 3acJ,y/ H C- CefldJV.MHHa h B M ata™ . „„ coaep>f(aHH!.COHH oCOTaTHmfxvao^ecT^einiHe nn°B0rO’ COUHa-'lll«meCKoro ^ H°BOfi - h. E c a a r S r r e e S

vyacTByioTcs HOBbiesaeMeiiTU b phtmc h pa3Mepecthxob, to aiih TBopiecTBa B. MafijiHHa xapaKrepHO Macrepci<oe cosaanne ny6jiHUHCTH>iecKHX ctkxot- BOpCIlHft. B nepeofl noaoBHue 20-x foaob b Ka3axcKo8 coaeTcuofl .rarepaType noa- BHaHCb Moaoaue nosrai: Ulonnau H»iaH6aeoa (1904— 1926), Hca Bafi3a- kob (1900— 1946), Acxap ToKMaraMOcTOB, >Kaicaii CbUAbiKOB, I'aaiiM Ma.'i- au6aeB, CaniaT HypwaiioB HApyrHe. A C. floHeiiraeB, A. TaiiHpfiepreHOB3, M. CepajiHH, yfieaHBUHCb, no iiamioiiajibiiaa He3aBiicifMOCTb, Koiopyio ohh BOcneBa.-iu b cbohx aopeBOAKWHOHHUx craxax, ocvwecTBH-nacb, ofipaTHAHCb K oro6pa)KeiiHio hoboh anoxH. 1‘eHHft B. M. JleHHiia, OKTiiSpb, cobbtckos CTpOHTC-lbCTBO CTajIH OCHOBHHMB TCMaMH BHXTBOPieCTBe. To OSCTOSTeJII,- ctbo, no b coBCTCKyio anepaTypy iiphujah am noarw, CBHaeTejibcrayCT 06 orpoMHOM bjihhhhh couHa.niCTii'iecKofi pesoaioiuiH Ha TBopaeciBo npeacra- Birreaefl aeMOKpaTHiecKoft KaoaxcKoft noa3HH. Moaoaofl non- A. ToKMaraMCeroB, KoropuS b pannHX CTHXOTBopeHHHX «Tope WHBOTHOBoaa* («Ma,nubitihiK 3apu»), «CTpaaani«i 6eanflKa» («K,oa- luUHbJH Mynu>, 1922— 1923) nona3aji mweayio WH3Hb CeaaaKOB, b cbohx hobmx necHHx «BbicoKas conxa* («3op ie6e»), «Be<maa aapas («Manri Ta«») BocneoaeT 3apio, 3a*weHHyio pcBoaiouiiefl, sapio cbo6o,iu. HoBaa *H3Hb Biepa ewe Oecnpamibix .noAefl cocTaBHT aaicM ocuoBHyio TCMaiH- III. HMaH6acsa 3a Tpii ro,ia cooeil .mrepaTypHofi AenejibHocrH rroKa- 3aaa ce6a TaJiaHTJiHBOii iioaxeccoji, m.e tbopicctuo aaHHMaer aocroHHoe Mec- To b Ka3axcKOi) coBercKoS .meparype iiepaofl iiojioehhu 20-x roaoB. ripoH3B6AOHHa p»aa noaTOB, npHiueamax b jimepaTypy b 20-e roau, B xyflOJKecTBenHOM othouichhu 6ujih ewe HecoiiepuiemibiMH. Ho obh6ujih noji- Hbi peBoaiouHoiiHoro nacpoca, onepaTHBHbi b onumKe na coObirHS Texywero Ana, hx raaoiioc 3Ha3ciiiic :iaKinoqajiocb b hx arHTauHOHiioS ciuie, b tom, no ohh noBccAHeBiioiiocjihb Maccu men 6opb6u 3a CBo6oAy, 3a nocrpoeHHe HOBoro oGwecTna. Maoriie MOAOAbie nosTU rex net He BbipafiorajiH cBoero crHaa. Ana Dbipaxceraa cbohx Mbicaefi ohh Hcnoab30BaAn raasHbiM o6pa30M TpaAHUHOHHble (|)0pMbI Ka33XCKOil yCTHOS n033HH. 3to Mbl BHAHM He TO.IbKO BpaHHiix cTHxax C. MyKaiiooa, A. ToKMarasHjeroBa, JK . CbisAUKoaa (iiosMa «Tpo6HHua MailKoaa* («MaiiK9ji raMbn), ho h b npoH3BeaeHH»x ya<e c.'io- xtHBiuHxca K TOMy BpcMCHH nacaTeAeii C . CeiiipyJixmca, B. Mafiailiia. CrojKeTOM ana mhofhx iiosm B. Mafi.wiia noc.iy>KHJiH, iianpHMep, napOA- aue aereHAU, CKasaima, anHHecKHe mothbu. Ho 3to He 03Haiaer, no nHca- xejiHsBaitAHCb npocTHMHnoApawaTeviHMH, ohh TBopnecKH npeoOpa30BbiBajin TpaaHUHOHHbie nosTHiecKHe (popMbi h c03aaBa.iH cboh opHruHaabHbie npo«3- BeacHiia. K hx hhcjiv mojkho oTHecTH poMaH 8 CTHxax C . MyxanoBa iCny- uiaw», noaxiy C. CeBipyajiiiHa «KoKqeTay», apaMy M. Ay330Ba «EH3HK-Ke- H. Baf<3aKOBc loiiouieCKHXjtct H3Becren Kan no9r-HMnpoBH3arop, y'lacr- hhk mhofhx aflracoB. Ho H. BatoaKOB He TOabKO HMnpoBH3iipoBaa, oh h nacaa cthxh. B 20-x roaax hm co3aaHU nosMU «KpacaB«ua Kypaaaft* ('Kypaaafl Cyay»), sA.iTaiicKan CKaaxas («AaTafi epTerici*). no3AHee Bbirn- •1Hb CBeT ero posmu «Bc.iHKaa cTpofixa* («¥au K.ypbuiuc*), «Oa«HnaauaTb aHefi, OAHHHaauaTb Hoaeft* («Oh 6ip kyh, oh 6ip tyh» ) , «V noaiiowHH Aa- Taa» («Ajit3h aacuHaa*), «KaBKa3». H. Bafi3aK0B, npii3HaBaeMuii bccmh xax no3T-HMnpoBH3aTop, MHoroe (1856—1924)—

AonoAHiuar ppyr Apyra h npeACTaBAi HODoe, cBoeo6pa3Hoe KaiecTBO b AHTepaTypHOM npouecce rex act. B 20-e roAU b Kasaxcnoii AHTepaiype pa3BHBancsi, rviaBiifcJM o(5pa30Mr *3Hp noa3HH H BeAyweeMecTo saHHMaAa iioaiiTHMecKaa jrapmca. IlpoOy*fle- HHe KOMMVHHCTHMecKoro co3HaHHH TpvAAUlHxca Macc, pa3-bflc>remte 3Haie- KHBBeAHKOfi OKTaSpBCKOii COUtiaAHCTHieCKOfi peBOAKJUHH, OTOOpaWeHHe TpayM(J>aAbHoro uiecTBHH CoaeTCKOH BAacra—bot raaBHaa TCMa K.naxcKoft AHTeparyphi Tex act. ripaBAHBo BOcneBaa peBOjnouwo, CBo6oAHyio *H3iib TpyABiUHXca niaccr noara uupaOaraBaAH hoblic fiobth*iecKne npHeMU. B cTiixOTBopeimax, nocBauieHHbix peaoAioiuiH. aas noKa3a npouiAoro xa- 3axcxne nosTbi HcnoAb3yioTTpaAHUHOHHwe Mexacjiopbi: cacbiK, Tyuan (oTpaB- Aeuaufi TyMaH), qapaifFU ryH (reMHaa Hoib), Tap dynue (recHbii\") Miip), a aah xapaKTepncTHKH HOBofi siioxh npuMCHHioTAPyrHe MeTaijiopbi: Ken dynue (initpoKHfi MHp), aTK,an ran (3aaoKeHHax 3apa). uiNK,naH KYH (B3oweAiuee coAHue). Oaiihm h3 hobux npaeMOB mo* ho Ha3Ban> cpaBHeHae OecnpocBCT- Horo npouiAoro co ciacTAHBoft AOfiCTBHTeAbHOCTbio, npoTHBonocTaBAeHHe MX. 9thm npneMOM ycneuiHO noAbsyeTca III. HwaH6acBa b cBoeM CTHXoreopeHHH «XeniK MiHe» («Bot mu aocthtah neAH»), bo CBoefi nosTtmecKOH 3na'iH- mocth, o6pa3HOCTH butoaho OTAHxaiomeMCsi ot mhotmx necen Tex act. Ee AiipmecKHfi repoi! Bupawaor cboh nepewnBaHH» ue naccHBHbiM, penAapa- thbhum yTBepjKACHHeM, a nepeAaeT hx qepea conoCTaBAeHue CBoero ropbxo- ro npouiAoro c HWHeuiHeS cboCoahoS jxn3Hbio: Pa3MbmiA«H o WH3HH, npo>KHTofl b Myxax h iiy*Ae, AHpHMecKHH repoS He mojkct cxpbiTb paAocTHoro lyBCTBa no noBoay CBoero ocboGowachhh: IxlOyCnTpeacxcoaAAHaTKOpHaHAHOHCOT,b:HO«HBeUsptao3HATbeABbOlIOCKTpOeBiuOepnHaTeOs!TTOeMn,eKpbanc Tenepb k 6cah8- MaTba oreu, 3to — poAHaa CoBercxan BAacTb. IIoBecTByH co npoHAeHHUx AHeii, noBrecca 3aKAio'iaeT: TH*eAux Myxax s ™ r ” ™ * * * * \" P ” '■ * -

6oay. B cTHXOTBopeHHHX«riapH>KCKofl KoMMyHe» («napn« KoMMyuacbnia®), «K 20-jieTHio peBOJiKJUHH 1905 rOAa® («1905 Wbuiru TSHKepicriH20 whahm- FbiHa») nosr ocoflo noAiepKHBaeT HCTopnaecKOe 3HaneHHe Kommyhu h peBO- jirouHH 1905 roAa AJia Syoyuiero napoaa. —BeJUXiD OKTaOpb. B 9thx cTHXoTBopeHHsx C. UoHeiiTaeB o&umaeT aHTHHapoAnyio nojw- THKy uapcKoro npaBHTtyibCTBa. PeBontouHouHoe coaepacaHHe npoH3EefleHHft nosra CBHAeTeJibCTByer o tom, hto oh oKOHiarejibHO npeoaoneBaeT cboh naeSHue 3a(uiy>KAeHHH, ctbhobhtch hcthhho cobctckhm rmcaTejieM. B riepBofi noAOBHHe 20-x toaob b Ka3axcnofi coBeTCKofl no33HH ocofio uiHpoKOCbijia npeACTaBjieHa TeMa pbboaioiuiobhoS AeaTejibHOCTH.B. H. Jle- HHHa. CoBercKHe nacareAHco3abb8ah MHoro'iHcaeHHbie npoH3BeAeHHB, 3ane- qaT.ieBaiouuie CBerjiufi o6pa3 moGHMoro bojkah— B. H. JleHHHa. CMepTb bojkahTpyAHuxHxcHBcero MHpa, co3AaTejia KoMMyimcnmecKofl napiHH, <5jih3- Koro Apyra paConHX h KpecTbHH aBH-nacb THKanofi yrpaToB A.’ifl Bcero co- BerCKoro napoAa. Eme Tecaee cnnoTHBUiHCb BOKpyr KoMMyHHCTHMecKofi nap- thh, conercKHM napoA AaeT kasitbv hath no ABHHHCKOMy nyra, 6biTbsepHbiM aeaHHCKOMy 3iiaMciiH. B CTHXOTBopeHHax C. Cefld>yAAHiia «rieqajxbHaa 8ecTb» (cKaBreuiu xa- 6ap»), «Ckop6hK'0 Ae«b» («K,apajibi kyh>), «KpacHaa 3Be3Aa» («K.iJ3i,i,i «yjiAbi3»), H. fl*aHcyrypoBa «ripomaft, oTeu» («K,oui, 6a6aB»), B. Mafi- •THHa«He nnaab HanpacHos («Kyp xujiam t) socneaaioTCH reiwfi JleHHHa a ero ponb b hctophh peBOjnouHH, nyBCTBO jik>6bh Bcero iiapojia k bbdhko- My bojkaio. flwaHcyrypoB ojnmerBopaeT B. H. JleHHHa b o6pa3e bcahko- ro KamiTaiia, KOTopuB cmmo BOAeT Kopa&nb 3KH3HHno BepHOMy xypcy ae- pe3 6ypio penoAiounH. OTKJiHKaacb BMecre c HapoAOM Ha Taweayio noxepio TpaAHUHOHHbIMH JKOKTay (nJiaqaMH). nOSThl rOBOPHT O TOM, HTOJleHHH OT- Kphin uiHpoKyio Aopory k CBemoMy OyAyweMy, asiot ropaiyro fuiarey: 3!ia- mh JleHHHa GepejKHO 6yaeT xpaHHTbCa cobctckhm HapoAOM, a ero 3aBerbi — BeMHO JKHTb B cepmiax MHJUHOHOB. 111. HMaHCaeBa b tp3ahuhohhom waape HapoAHoro ecripTy (necna— H3Becrae o CMepra), CB83biBaac HMeneMJleiiHHa Bee npoHcineflnjHe b crpaHe nepeneHU, noKa3biBaeT THTaHHiecKyio Aeaie-ibHoCTb bojkah, nan hoajihhho- ro noGopHHKa HHTepecoB 6eaHaKOB, ckop6ht no noBOAy Taxte-iofi yTpaTbi. rioBTopaa b Ka>KAofl crpoijje necHH— «He CTaao JleHHHa®, nosrecca 3axjno- aaeT, >ito «Aeno JleHHHa—fieccMepnio® h b hobux noxoneHnax pacryT npo- rio3T A. ToKMaraMfieroB nauieT CTHXOTBOpeHHe «K nopTpery JleHHHa® (xJJeHHH cypeTine®), b kotopom KJiaHerca ot hmchh moaoaoto noKoaeHHa: ’ CmxoreopeHHe HancuiHeHOsepofi b bcahkhAneHHHCKHfl nyTb— nyrb xoMMy- HH3Ma. Bupawaa mmcah a qyBCTBa HapoAa, H. Ba03aKoB yTBepwAaeT: B craxoTBopeHHH <cYrpo«a JleHHHa® (cJIeimn KaOipiHiH GacbiHaa*) C. Aly- KaHOByTBepwAaeT Bepy b BeccMepxHe JieiiHHCKoro jiejia: «JIeHHH yMtp, ho nepeA HaMH yKa3aHHuS hm nyTb®. C. iloHeHTaeB nocBamaer B. H. JleHHHy CTHXOTBOpeHHe *He3a6biBae-

poay», «Cokoji yrneieiiHux nauHOHaabHOCTeB*. CpaBiieHHe B. H. JleimHa c cepauexi KOMMyHHCTOB («JleHiiH —cepaue Bcex KOMMyHHCTOB*) HBII.IOCbM il Ka3aXCK0fl ^HTepaTypH HOBbIMxy.'iowecT- BeiiHbiMo6pa30M. Maonre nosTbi cpaBHHBaAH bohmh c cojiHueu. coko.tom, cjiaBHaH KaK onopy TpyAameroca Hapoaa: «jleiwn — HeCecHoe CBeni.no*, «>KB3Hb 6eflHHKaM noCB3TH3», «Onopa Tpyaaweroca napoaa*. «r.naBa Ha- poaa». Jinx H3o6pa*eHra boxuh nosTbi npHB.nenaioT tskwc caMbie 6AH3KHe, caMue aoporne MX Hapoaa TpaanuHOHHbie noPTHnecKHe cpeacTBa. Caeayer oraeraTb, >ito b npoH3BaaeHHax, noCBsmeHHbix B. H. JleHHHy, b maxcKofi coBeTCKoil bo33hh yTBepHcaaeTCsi reMa peBOJiioiiwi h o6pa3 co- BCTCKoro neaoBeKa—rcpoa, 6opua, cTpoHTeaa. B hhx ocofio npoiiBH.ioCbaKUH- CKoe MacrepcTBO. 3th npoH3BeaeHHH oT.nmaioTcsi GoraTCTBOM Haefiworo co- aepwaHHn h xyaowecTBeimoi) <popMbi. CTHXoTBOpeHHe C. Cefl(|)ya.nHiia «JIe- hhh», iianucaHHoe b 1923 r., erne npn JKiram B.'iaaHMiipa H.nbicia, aB-naeTea HOBaTopcKHMHe TOJibKOxua TBoppccTBa caMoro no3Ta, no h a.™ Ka3axcKofi coBDTCKoil JiHTepaTypu b neaoM. Cthxotbopshhh «He3a6uBaeMoe» C. iIonen- TaeBa, «Ha CMepn> JIeiiHHa» A. TaimpCepreiiOBa nocTpoenu na opiirmia.n,- iiom crowcTe, rae, rayfiOKo pacKpbaiaa ncaxoaorHio Ka3axcKoro ficaiiaKa. nomi BupawaiOT roptmyio .iiofloBb Hapoaa k CBoeMy Boxcaio. CmxoTBope- hkb H. /Iwaiicyrypoiia, C. MyxaHOBa. H. 6a93aKOBa co3aaHH MacrepcKH b ipopweTo.nray (pa3MH!ujienna), rae aB-ropbi HCKpeHHe nepeaaior cboii mvb- CTBaconercKoro aeaoBeKa. Ha Miiorne H3 sthx cTOXoTBopeiiHS Ghjih co3aa- HMMeaoaHH, KOTopue cnocoCcraoBajm eme 6oJibUieft ax nonyaapHoc™ cpe- ak iuhpokmx HapoaHbix Macc. JieHRocrb nncaTeabcKH: soaa, HeaocraTOHHbifi nymoBaaaeHHH hoboH B CBoeM crar— ---- — BetCKOft BJI3CTH neHHBMn. Bypwya

Hoe Hacaeane npom.ioro m s nponaranabi caonx peaKUHOHHbix Haefi, caeaaTb BeJiHKoroA6aa 3H3MeHeMHamioHajiHcTHMecKoR rporiaranabi. nura-iHCb CBec- th Ha iieT BaHHHiie pyccKofi KaaccHHecKofi amepaTypu Ha Ka3axcKyio AHte- paTypy, onopo>iHTb npon3BeaeHHH, npaBHabHO OTpawaiomne peaairouHOH- Hyio AeaTe.ibHocTb. Ho jiHtepaTypHaa oOiueCToemiocTb Ka3axcTaHa aaBaaa OTnOp 9THM BpawaofiiibiM npoHCKaM. 18 hiohh 1925 roaa UK BKn (6) npimaji cneiuraabHoe nocraHOBaeHHe «0 noanTHKe naprHH BofiaacTH xyaowecTBeimoii AHTepaxypu*. &to iictoph- qecicoenocTaHOBaetiHe UeurpaabHoro KoMHTeTa oi<a3aao WHBHTeabHoc bjihh- HHe «a pa3BHTHe Ka3axcKofi coBercKofl .'iKTepaTypu, Kan h Airreparyp Bcex Haurax CparcKHX pecnyOaiiK. B nocTaiioBaeHHH «0 nojHTHKe napniH b o&iacTH xyaowecTsciihoRjih- reparypbi* OTMeiaaacb neo6xoaHMOCTb BocnmaHira nncaTeaeS, npaxoanuoix c 3aBoaoB, tJiaQpHK, H3 kojixo30b. Huies b BHay HaeflHtje ouih6kh micaTe- aefl-«nonyTHHKOB», nociaHOBJieHHe nPH3Haao ueo6xoaHMbiM co3aaTb ycaoBHH, cnoco6cTeyiomHe Obicrpei'iuiewy bociiphhthio 3ihmh nHcaTeasiMH KOMMyHHCTH- lecKiix haefi, oTMOKcnaHtiio hx ot KOHTppeBOAKHUfOHHbix aae.MeHTOB. B 9tom nocraHOBJieHHH yKa3HBaeTcn: cflapTHH aoawHa noaiepKiiyTh HeofixoaHMOCTb co3aaiiHH xyaowecTBeHHofi jiHxepaTypu, pacc<mTaimofi Ha o MaccoBoro wrareaH, paOoqero h KpecTbHHCKoro; nywiio cmb- i nopsarb c npeapaccyaxaMH OapcTBa b jisrrepaType H, acnojib3ya Bee tcxhhhcckhgaocrawenHa craporo MacTepcToa, Bb.i)a6aTbiBaTb cooTBeTCTByiomyio (feopuy, noiiHTHyio MHAAKOiiaM*. nocraHOBaeHHe naHecao cepbesHbiB yaap no peaKUHOHiiwM uaesiM 6ypwya3Horo nauHoiia.iiisMa b Ka3axcTaHe, onpeaeaHao aaabHefliun8 nyTb p33bhthh npoaeTapcKO# amepa- Typu. B 3tom we ropy riaeHyM KoaeBoro KoMHxeTa naprHH, cneiuiaabHO paccMOTpeB Bonpoc o Ka3axcKOfl coBeTCKofi aHreparype, orMCTHa Haamrae b Ka3axcT3He npoaerapcKoft aHTepaTVPbi h noTpefiooaa C03aarb Heo6xoflHMbie ycaoBKH Ann ee pa3Bii?ra. UeurpaabHbifi KoMHTer BKn (6) b CBoe« nooranoBaemm 1925 roaa, ro- - bopho tom, hto noaoweHHe o rereMoiMH pafionero xaacca aoawno crarb ite- npeaowHbiM 33kohom h b oxHouieHHH atiTeparypu, yKa3biBaa: «rereMOHHH npoaeTapcKHx nncaTeae# eme Her, n napxHH aoflKHa noMonb bthm DHcaxeaaM 3apa0oTaTb cede HCTopHiecxoe npaBo Ha 9Ty rereMOHHio*. flan 3aBoeBaHH« »rofi rereMOHHH npoaeTapcitHe nncaxeaH aoaWHH Ohijih npewae BCero no- noaiiHTb cboh psau hobumh CHaaMH, BceMepHO coBepiiiencTBOBaTb Macrep- ctbo b oxofipaweHHH coBeTCKO# aeficTBHTeabiiocTH h, t8khm o6pa30M, aaTb oxnop 6ypwya3HbiM nncareaHM. B 3thx ueaax b 1925 roay opraHH3yeTca PAnn (PoccHficKan accouna- uhh npoaeTapcKHx iwcaxeaeS), a b Ka3axCTane 12 hiohh 1926 roaa co3aaeT- cn KasAnn (Ka3axcxafl accounaimH npoaerapCKHX micaTeaefi). B 6opb6e npoxHB peaKUHOHHbix saeMeHTOB b jnrrepaType, 3a opraHH3auHOHHoe o&be- aHiieHHe nwcaxeaefi, KasAIin curpaaa K3BecxRyio noaowHTeabHyio poat>. B 1927—1928 roaax ona HMeaa cBofi neqaxHuB opraH—aabMaHax«JKnakych» (•riepBaa aacTOMKas), b kotopom nvd’mKonaaHCb npoH3BeaenHB coBeTCKHX HHcaTeaeB, oco6emio MoaoaK«. KasAnn r 3HaqHTeabHofi Mepe cnocoficTBO- aa.ia khk yray6aeHHio HaefiHoro coaepwaKHa npoH3BeaenHfi, Tax h pocry wacrepcTBa HHcaTeaeB. Bypwya3HO-HauHOHaaKCTHHeCKHe rmcaTejm. ccuaascb Hato, mto b Kaaaxexaae oTcyxcTBOBaa npo.ieTapnaT, a noTOMy a HeTHeoOxo- aHMOCTH b cawofl opraHH3auHH npoaeTapcKHx HHcareaefi, BbicxynH.aH npoTHB co3aaHHn Ka3Ann. B nepBbie roan oprar Ka3Ann b ee pnaax Hac'iHTMBaaocb 76 i/ieHOB, npn 3tom Bee ohh npownBaan B raasaux ropo- aax pecny6aHKH. HaeKta Ka3Ann, whbviuhc b oSaaCTnx, Bwcrynaan co cbohmh npoH3BeaeHHHMHb MecTnoS nenaTH, npHOfipeTaan nonyaapnocTb cpe- ah Hapoaa. B 1928 roay coctosmch nepBMSci>e3a BOAfin, Ha kotopom Ka-

saxciaHCKHX nHcanuieB npeAcraBAH.i n pyKOBOACTBOM KoMMyHHCTH'iccKoii napTHH ynpoiHBaxacb 31 nojiHTHiecKas womb CoaercKoro Coio3a. B 1925 rosy coctohac» >A KoMMyiiHCiiiiecKofi napTHH. IaaBHofi npoGjieMoil, paccMOTpen- aoM, (iBiiaaci. npoOjiCMa npeBpameHaa nanieii cTpanu b HiwycTpn- ajibiiyio AepwaBy, ncaaBiicHMyio u SKOHOMHiecKOM oTHOiueHHH ot Kamira/w- CTHiecuHX CTpaH. Clean npii3HaJi, qro othuhc 6opb6a 3a coiXHajiHCTHnecKVio HHaycTpHaJiH3auaio crpanu, 3a couHaanctHaecKoe crpoHTCJibcrBO HB.ineTcst ocuoBHoft 3aaaqeB napnm. Tenepb see ycHjmn HapoAa Guam HanpaB/ieHbi aa nocTpoeiiHe b Hauieft cTpane couaaaH3Ma. B peiueHHH stoII 3aAaqn nap­ THH naio.'iKHy.iacb aa cepbe3iiue tpyahocth, no noGeAa Ganna oaepwaria. Biot nepHOA 3HaMeaoBaji coGofi Kpynaue ycnexw couHa.iH3Ma nan b npo- wbiui.'ieHHocra, Tax a b cejibCKOM xo3flilcTBe. B peayjibra-re Mynpofi HauKonaAbiiofi ikmihthkh KoMMyHHCTH'iecKofl nap- Taa Ka3axcraH, npeoaoxesaa cboio OTcraaocrb, oGycAonxemiyio naTpHap- xa.nbHo-<|ieoAaabHhiMa otboujbhhhmh, Maaya aanHTaaHCTHaecayio craamo pa3BHTHH, BcrynHJi b iiobvio t)>a3y couHajmcrmecKoro crpoHTeJTbCTBa. OflHaKo Gyp»cya3H0-Hami0HajiHCTBqecKHe HinejuiHreHTbi He npcKpamaa» cboio6opbGy npoTHB coBOTCKofl Haeojionia. OGpywHBancb Ha npon3BeAenn(i. Koropue Guam HeaocraToaHo ape.'itj b xyaowecTBCinioM OTHOuieaaH, ory.ib- ho oxaaBan hx, ohk nmaxHCb yBecTH nHcarexefi h tiostob o>-t--3-a--a-a-i-,-n--o-c--r-a-B- - rr nepKoa pa3BHTHd coBCTCKoro oGiuecTBa. B Tcieime 1926— 1928 toaob b pecnyfijiHKaHCKofi neiaiH, a taioxe HacoGpaiuiHX nHcaieaeB npoBOAH.-mcb ahckycchh no BonpocaM .iHTepaTypu. B hhx OTMeHajiocb, no KaaaxcKaa coBeTcKaa AiiTepa-rypa — npiiHUHrma.ibHo HOBaaaHTepaTypa, AHCKyccHpoBaAHCb Bonpocuo ee coBpeMeiiHOMcoctohhhh, 3a«aiax h -reMaTHKe. yqacTHHKHAHCKyccHii nofl'ieRKHBajiH, <ito Ka3axcKan co- BeiCKaa jiHTepaTypa aojiHOia cTaib HAeoJionmecKHM opyjKHeM B GopbGe 3a noGeay couHaaHCTHiecKoro crpoHTeAbCTBa, b BocnHTaHHH TpyaamHxca Mace b KoMMyiiHCTHaecKOMnyxe, orcTaHBarb KpoBHbie HHTepecbi Hapoaa K bccth ero Bnepea. C ocoGeKKo’i cHnoft npo3Bynaao TpeGoBaHtie 6ah3octh niiTepaTy- pa k JKH3HH c uejibio oroOpaweHHH Toro hoboto. mto HeceT coBpeMCHiian coBercKaa aeficTBineibiiocTb. Topaqo orcraiiBaa 3th no3HUHH, C. Ceficpyji- ahh, C. MyKaHOB Hapyrae xvaokiihkh caosa nucTynii.iH nporaB AMTepaTo- poB, nponoBeAyiomHX 6ypwya3no-h aimoHa.wcTimecKyio HAeoJiormo. JlHTepaTypHue aHCKyccHH 20-x toaob 0Ka3aan 3Ha'iHTejibHoe nanantie HaCTaHOBaeHHe h 4)opMHoouaime AH-repaTypHofi kphthkh. HecMoipa na cboio MoaoaocTb, JiHTepaiypHafl KPHTHKa stoto nepHoaa Taioxe o6pawajiacb k y3aoBUM BonpocaM naaaxcKoft AHTepa-rypta. EopbGa 3a napTHflHocrb xyAO- wecToemiofi jiHiepaTypu, nponiB 6yp*ya3Uo-HauHonaAHCTHqecKHXH3Bpame- hhB, npaBiuibHaa oueHKa -iKTepaTypHoro HacneAHH npouuioro, npoGaeMbj penepiyapa Ka3axcKoro learpa, KJiaccoBas 6opb6a nHcaTeneii H3 ayabiibi.c GeaHHKOB, Bonpocu xyaowecTBemioro MacrepcTBa— bot Kpyr ochobhux tcm 3aHHM3BUJHX B TO TOAUXHTCpaTypHylO KpHTHKy. B KpHTHKy 3KTHBH0 8X^10^ qaJiHCb, npewAe Bcero, caamnHcaxeaH h nos™. KpimmecKHe craTbH C. Cea- <t>yaaHHa, C. MyKaHOBa, H. .UwaiicyrypoBa, M. Ay33oaa, r. Mycpenoaa,. E. BeKeHOBa, r. ToK*anoBa h apvi-hx bhahux nosTOB a nHcaTeaefl cHcreMa- •nwecuH nexaTajiHCb Ha cTpaimuax -rorAauiHHx ra3eT tt acypnaaoB. OAiiaxo no cpaBHOHHio c ApyiHMH waHpaMH AHrepaTypnaa KpHniKa ewe He 6buia BnOXHe OlJlOpMHBHieftCH. BoHbWHHCTBO KPHTHieCKHX CTaTeft He BblXOAHAO 3a paMKH peueH3Hfl. TaK Kax b KpHTHKe npeoG-iaaaA ByjibrapHO-coiiHonorH'ie- CKHfi MeTOA, He Guam ewe npasHAbKO pa3peuieHU Bonpocu, CBH3aHiiue c jm- TepaiypHbiM HacaeAHeu. HanpHMep, HeKOTopue nHcaTcavi npoAoawaaH ocna-

pKBaTb nojioJKHTejibHoe SHaaeHHe PHTepaTypROro Hacpepna Bepaxoro A6aa Min npopeTapcxofl KypbTypu. B cb33h c 3thm RHxaK HejTb3H He oTMeTHTb peBanxHX neperaCoB npo- jieTKyjibTOBueB. riapTHftHaa h iiHTepaTypHan xpiiTHxa Bepa 6opb6y b aByx Hanpaa.ieHHHX. C opho0 CTOponbi, oHa peumrejibHo Oopopacb npoTHBBpaw- peSHOH apeoPorHH 6ypwya3Hbix HauaoaaBRCTOB, c ppyroS —npoTHB hc- Bepiiux P03HUHA npopeixyabTOBueB b othouichkh HacpepHa A6an, Ajithh- oapaaa, TopafirupoBa h ycmoro TBOpiecrea. OluhCkh npopeTxypbTOB- CKoro rojiKa BCTpeva-iHCb h b pa6oTax Hexprophix iiHcarejieA—pyxoBoaH- rniel Ka3Anria. HexoTopbie nacaTepa. b npom.icmi ponycTHBuine Mejixo6ypwya3Hbie, aauHOHa.iHCTHfecxHe iBBpameHHH, b 20-e ropu BcrapH Ha no3HPRR, 6aH3KHe k KpHTimecKOMy peapa3My; sth nncaTCPH ae cmotph cpa3y ocMbicPKTh Heo- <ShiaafiHo cpoJKHbie HBPeHHH peBOPiouHonnofl peBcmHTePbHOCTH, ncsTOMy B CoPbuiHHCTBe cJiyqaeBCBasamibie c wh3hmo Hapopa ohh OToOpawapK coSbi- ■raanpouiporo, pa3o6paiaa <t>eopaPi,Ho-6aiicKHS yxpap, ho He Bmw eme ch- pu, eMy npoTHBOcToaipea. B stom HanpaBpeaHH Cuph Hamicaiibi, b aac-r- hocth, HeKO-ropbie npoH3BepeHHH H3BecTHoro rmcaTepfl M. Ays30Ba. B cbohx paccxa3ax «Cypb6a 6e33awHTHofl» («KopFaHCtJ3Pun KVHi») a «Hacnqne» <«>KyaHpbiK») nacaTepb peaPHCTHaecKH aapacoBap 6e3oTpapabie xapranbi crapoB 3KH3HH. OpHaxo b noBecTH «Kapam-K,apain» oh ywe 0To6pa>naeT fiopbfiy yrHeTeHHoro 6eaHsxa BaKTWrypa, a He TOPbKo ero THJKepyio wh3hb, nopayio HecnpaBeppaBocreA a npHTecHewifl co ctopohu 6aeB. OpHa H3 ochobhux TeM npoH3BepeHaS M. Ay330Ba stbx peT—Me-mj h qaaHHHKa3axcKHX wemuHii 06 ocBoSowpeHHBot (peopapbuo-OaflcxHX o6bi- aaea. Ot ppau «EHJIHK-Ke6ex» u «>Keiibi-conepHHUbi» («6e86iuie-TOKap») po paccKa30B «riop Teiibxi oTWHouiero («EodplK KepeKKeciHpe*), «>KeHHTb- 6a» («YflpeHy») nacarepb nopHHMaeTTewy phbhoB cboCoph xasaxcxax weH- KRH. B pemeHHH 3thx TeM apKo BhrpHCOBbraaercH xypowecTBeHaoe MacTep- cfbo nncaTe/iH, coapaiomero rannaecKHe xapaxiepu piopeft xo-teBoS crenH. Upaiaa M. Ay330Ba «EHPHK-Ke(5eK», HanacaaHaa b 1917 ropy a nocraB- peaaaa anepobie px)6aTepaMH b Ka3axcKax aypax, ceoefl aapopaocrbio, xy- POXeCTBeHHhlMHPOCTOHHCTBaMH HBPHPaCb OpBHMH3 KpyilHbiX npOR3BepeHH0 sroro nepaopa. Ilbeca 6upa nepseHueM 3apoa<paBuieAca rorpa xa3axcKoS ppaMaTyprHH, eio OTXpHBapea nepBUfl HauaoiiaphHbiii ppaMaTRaecxafl TeaTp. OpHaKO xypoatecrBeHHoe MacTepcTBo M. Ays30Ba lie Bcerpa coxera.iocb c ape0Ho0CTopoiiofl ero npoH3Beaeimfi. HHorpa nacaTepb Bnapap ba6crpaKT Hblfi P0M3HTH3M, HPH HaTypaPH3M, OT06pa>xaR TOPbKO TeHeBbie BBPeHHH 3KR3BH craporo aypa, HcxoTopbie ero npoa3BepenHH— noBecTb «TawePbie speMeaa* («KbiflPB 3aMaa») h nbeca «Mepaorpa3aH» («Kapaxe3») — boc- np0R3B0PHPH HCTopa'iecxyio peficTBHTePbHOCTb c oluh6omhux no3Hna0, rpe- U1BPHnpoTHB peaPHCTifxeGKHX OCHOB COBeTCKOro HCKyCCTBa. noaTOMy PHTe- paTypHaa o6mecTBeHaocTb b cBoe -BpeMH cnpaBeppHBO yaa3apa aBropy iia ape0Hbie nopoKH ero npoH3BepeHH0. Bo BTopofi nopoBHKe 20-x ropoB xaaaxcxaa PHTepaxypa saaaaTePbHo oxpenpa, B03Mywapa. B Hee npHiuPH HOBue chpu, 3apoacpapacb paHee He pa3BHrae hph xpaiiiie oTCTaPbie waHpu —npo3a, ppaMaTypras, pacuinpa- pacb TCMaTHKa xypowecTBeHHbix npoasBepeaHR. Peinaiouiee BPaaaae Ha pa3BHTHe pirrepaTypu 0Ka3apn peeoPiouHoHHbie TeMnbi SKOHOMHaecKoro a KyPbTypHoro nopbeMa Ka3axcraHa. B 9tot nepHop aapapy c oCpacTiibiMH a peHTpaPbHbiMH ra3eraMB a Ka- saxcraHe buxophph wypHapbt: c 1925 ropa— «>KaHa MexTen» («HoBaa uiKOPa*), HbiHe «XapbiK MyrapiMis («HapopHbiR yqHTePb»), «0Sep TeHpiri* («>KeHCKoe paBHonpaeaei*), HbiHe «Ka3aKCtaa aBeppepi* («Ka3axcTaHCKHe 29

«*«.«*■\"■<assassst&se )ne6«0T uafiJWM* „( hckvcctbo»), (Wimpwyp* * \"® y ” H ' a jpaHame- Moaoabie nucaTeJW, noara, BouieauMe BairrepaTypy, — K. AfiaHKaau- poB. y. TypMaHwaHOB, T. MycpenoB, T. JKapoxoB, A. TanotOaeB, )K- T.ien- 6epreiiOB (1895— 1933), E. BeKeHOB (1892- 1938), T. OpMaaos, T. Maa- abifiaeB, T. MycTacpHH, X. flwyMaaaeB h apyriie— co3aasa.iH cboh npon3- eeaeHHH b pa3JiH>i)ihix waiipax aHTepaTypu, B 1926— 1927roaax C. CefiiJiyjTaHH BHnycKaer cGophhk cthxob ii iiobm «3ncnpecc», MeMyapu «TpyaHuft nyrt, Taweiiuil nepexoa* («Tap mon, Ta0faK Kouiy»), a Taxwe oraeabHbie rJiasb! cBoefl nosMU (KoioieTay*;’ B. MaiijiHHbiM H3aaerca noRecTb «flaMHTRHK UlyrH* («IUypaHHR 6enrici»), c6opHHKH «Kyanam», «3a 10 aer* («On xcwiaa*), «Pa3R&n» («Benie»). «CoBeTCTaH», «TpyflHaS nyn>, Tflwe,m8 nepexoa* C. Ceft(i>yajiHHa hbjih- Kwca npKHM aoKa3aieai>CTBOM Toro, hto xa3axcKaa coBercKan jm-repaxypa 3thx rct aaex no nyra HaefiHo-xyaowecTBeiraoro pocra. B nosMe «CoBer- ciaH», onyGjiHKOBaHHoft b cfiopBHKe «3ncnpeoc», C. Cefi<J>yjuiHH naoxHOBen- ho socneaaeT nooeay peBoatoaHU, Morynyio cn.iy Poahhm, Haymefi no nyra

couHa^HCTHHecKoro cTponrejibCTBa. B H3o6pa>KeHHH noara CoBCTCKaa Poan- Ha— CoBeTCTaH ynoflo&naeTcs CKopoMy noe3ay— SKcnpeccy, Koropufl 3a- CTaBaaeT coaporarbca 6eciHcaeHHbix BparoB, yiiHaTowaeT «cKOBaHHbiS na- MSTbio crapbiS mhp» h MMHTca Bnepea, k hobhm BPpuiHHaM. JJjih Bupaweima pcBo.nomioiiHoro coaepwamiH iiosmu aB-rop BaxoaaT h HOByio iJiopMy. MeMyapw C. Ceft<J>yaaHHa «TpyanuB nyn>, rameauS nepexoa* hbh- aiicb BbiaaiouiHMca coSuraeM b Ka3axcKoft coBeTcxoft JiHTepaType. B btom npoH3B«aeHHH, rae noBecreyerca o CopbOe 3a noCeay OKTaOpbcxofl peBoaio- uaa b KaaaxcTaHe, nacaT&iib BUCTynaeT xax axTHBHbifi yaacnniK co6biTHft. Ohy6aaHTejibao nona3biBaeT, KaK MywecTBeHHO OopoaHcb pyccxae a na3ax- ckhp OoabiueBHKH' AKMo.iHHcKa, neTponaMOBCKa, Omck3 npoTHB OeaorBap- aeflueB, h rHesHo pa3o6aaaaeT aaamopabiHueB. npeaanniHx aiiTepecbi napo- aa. Moaoaoe noKoaemie c yBJieneHHe.M 3HaKOMaaoeb c MenyapaMH C. CeiS- (JiyajiHHa. OOmecTBeiiHocrb Ka3axcTaHa noaowaTeabiio oueHHjia sro xpyn- HoenpOH3BeaeiiHe. Bor hto nacaa b 1926roay kphthk E. AaaonrapoB b ra- 3ere («En6eKUii Ka3aK> («TpyaaiUHfica xaaax*.): «B ocHOBe npoa3BeaeHHa C. Cc«4>yaaHHa aewaT miiHhie nepe>KHBamiH aBropa, ero 6aorpaiJ)Ha. Ha npoTHxteHHH 3 — 4-xjier oh rainier npoH3BeaeHHe «TpyaHufi nyTb, Tawe-ibiii ncpexoa*, nocBaiueiwoe peBoaiomioiniofi aesTeabHocra, coBMecniofi 6opb6e co cbormh TOBapHiuaMHno opywHio. Taxofi noaxoa k aareparype—3axoHO- Mepen. 3to npoa3Beaeaae nejiHKOM h noanocrbio— b ayxe coaaaabnofl po- MaHTHKH®. B iiHcbMe pafio'iHx Kapcaxnaa a Pwiaepa roBopii.iocb: «TpyaHbiS nyn>, Taxceabig nepexoa*— noaaniino penoaiomioiiHoe npon3Beaemio, xoneT- ca, no6bi C. CeHitiy.uiHH paCoxaa Haa ero npoaoaaceHHeM*. MaTaTcaa H3 apyrax ropoaoB OTMeaajw Taxwe, hto 3Ta xnara— npOH3BC,MHHe noaaHHHo peaaacTH'iecKoe. HaBaa omop TCH,iemino3!ioft KpimiKe HauiionaaHCTOD, nbiTaouiax onep- HBTb ero MeMyapa, caMCeSibyaann naca.n: «Moii HacTOnuuiit kphthk, koto- puS HCiipaBaaeT moh HeaocTaTKH, Moil Bpaa, KOTopbifl HcueaaCT saeHHot ae- ayra, Mofi cnpaBea-'iHBbiii cya, kotopuS yamiaeT mhb aonpoc, ec.ni a CBopa- MHBaio c aoporn, a HanpaBaaeT Mena no BepHOMy nyra, — 3T0 TpyaoBoii Ha- poa, pa6oqnS Kjiacc. Earn moh KHura ofipaiuaer Ha ce6a BUBManae rpyaa- nuixca— 3Haqnr paSora moh He nponaaa aapoM*. B npo3aHqecxax npoH3Beaeiinax B. MaiuniHa OToSpawaeTca raaBHtiM o6pa30M >KH3Hb Ka3axcxoro ayjia 20-x roaoe. Ero MacTepCKae paccKa3bi o 1IOBOH 7KH3HH Ka3axciiHX CeaHHKon b ay.ie, o pacKpenomemibix xa3axcKHX wemunnax CHCTeManmecKH nenaTaancb Ha CTpauauax ra3eT a xcypnaaoB Baa bxoaiijih b pasaaTHbie c6ophhkh. npo3aaiecKHe npoH3nejeHHn B. Mafl- aima —3to h njTeBije 3aMCTKH, h onepKH («Tay6afl», eKyaiuapa-KeHrefi*'1, «Aya Ecraa* («Ecrafl aymm), «Kpacora aapoaa — uiKoaa* («Ea xepKi — MenTen*), h paccxasbi. H b npo3e, n b no33HH nncaTeab noKa3UBaer, rto coBCTCKoe CTpoHTeabCTBOB Ka3axcK0M ay.ie, iiyabrypiiaa peooaioaHa, nonuft Cut fieaHHKOB, yaacrne hx b connaaKcnmecKOM npeo6pa3ooaHHn WH3HH HB-TOiorca caojKHMM npoueccoM. B. Ma8anH He ronbKO yrBepjiiaaeT HOBoe, ho pa3.iii<taeT h ero BparoB, BbicMeHBaer pevmrH03iibie h ipeofla-ibiibie nepe- * htkh b 6biTy h c03HaKHHjnoHefi, Kvie0MBT n030p0M xojjwefi, Myjia, crapn- kob,KOTopwe weiiarca Ha MOJioflbix aesyumax, KneiiMHT xaHxcefl, KjieBerHH- K0B-6e3aejibHHK0B, C03aaeT paa THmmecKHX OTpHuaTeabHbix o6pa30Bb cboiix npoH3Beaeimax: «B owiiaaHHH Gowbero >iyaa» («Kaaip TyHri xepeMer*), «Pa3Boa» («TaaaK»). «BeaeHHe uiapHaTa* («UIapHPar 6yflpbiFU») h ap. HaeftHofl KyabMHnanHeft paccKa30B B. Maftamia HBanerca itofieaa pe- BoaioiiHOHHbix cna. PHcya OecnpaBHyio, wanKyio b npoinaoM «H3Hb xa3ax- ckhx JKeHuiKH, Bbipawaa hm CBoe conyBCTBHe («naMHTHHK UIyra», «Ba6ym-

na» («3we»), oh oaHOBpeMeHHO H3o6pa*aeT 6opb6y weHWHH, crpeMHOwx- M « noKMuaaCT. hto coBercxaa Baacxb pacKpenocrn.-ra. BHBeaa weHmHH-Ka3ameK aa uiHpoKyio aopoxy o6mecTBeHHO-noaHXHqecKO0 *H3HH X btbb 3eflHen» («3e0HeirrlR cepxi*), «Kyaxa0 — npeaceaaxeab ayabHoro CoBCTa» («KyaTa# 6oabic»), «KoMMyHHCTKa PayinaHs («PayiaaH — kom- MyHncr»). flpoOaeMy co3aaHHH noaoxon-eabHoro oCpa3a micaTeab pernaex nyxeM THnHSaiiHH peaabwofi >KH3HH cobctckhx jnofleB. B npoaaH'iecKHX npon3BeaeHHHX 6. MafiaHHa paHHero nepHO.ua oco6oe MecTO aaiiHMaer era noBectb «TCaMSiTHHK Ulyrn*. OraHiaiomaacH crpoB- Hoctbio, co6paHHOCTbX) K0Mno3HUHH, CBoeo6pa3HeM CTHaa, ncaxoaorHMOCKoB ray6aao0 xapaierepoBraaBiiux repoeB— Moaoabix BaioSaemibix AOapaxMaHa h Illyra, 3Ta TaaaHTaaBaa noBecTb oxa3aaa 6oabiuoe Bansmiie Ha pa3BHT«e K33axcKofl peaaacTaaecKofl npo3u. B 9tot nepHoa’ pa3BHTua Ka3axcxo0 coBercKOfl jiMTepaTypa spyamiHsi, TBopaecKH0onHTnosroBHnacaTcacft He6uaa hHe moi-jih 6bixb oaHHaKOBbiMH. BbscoKaa xyabxypa npoH3Beaenn0 C. Ce0i)>yajiHHa, M. Ay330Ba bo mh< tom onpeaeaeHa yqe6o0 y pycCKOfl aHTepaiypbi, ocMUcaeHHeM ee nepeaoBi ro onbiTa, TpaaHiwO. rioaMU «CoBercTaH» a «KoKieTay» HBH.iitcb pe3y.ibT! tom BaoxHOBeHHbix TBopxecKHX HCK3HH0 C. CeAibyaaHHa. B apaMe «Ehjihi Ke6ex», b pauneM paccxa3e «Cyflb6a Ce33awnTHofi» h noBecTax «Kaparn- Kapaiu*, «Cepbi0 bojihohok* («KeKcepex») rayOoxo nponBiiaocb caMoObiT- Hoe nHcaTeabCKoe MacTepcxBOapaMaxypra a npo3aHKa M. Ayaaoiia, xoTopoe 6hjio oCycaoBaeHO TBop'iecxH BOcnpHHHTHMH rmcaTe-xeM peaaacxHiecKHMH xpaaauHHMH pyccxo0 aHTepaxypU'. npoH3Beacmia M. AyasoBa ywe Ha 3TOM pameM 9xane OTaH'iaioxca 6oraTCTBOM a o6pa3HocxbK> CTH.ia, b kotopom auxop cBofioano Hcnoab3yex Bee cpeacTBa xaaaxcKoro H3biKa, BKaioaaH h ofiaacTHbie oco6eHaocxn a peaeHHH. B. MafljiHH h C. MynaHOB b cbohx noaTH'ieCKHX h npo3aHqecKHx npoH3- Beaeaaax xavone oco6oe BHiiMaHne yaeaflan satiny npoH3BeaeaH0. expeMHCb caeaaxb ero aocTynmiM, nommibiM aaa aapoaa. Ohh uihpoko BBoatiaH b npoH3BeaeHHH pa3roBopHyio napoaHyio pe'ib. Pooao h coBepuieHCTBOBaaocb MacxepcTBO xaaaxcKHX nncaxeaefi. TaK, C. MyKaHOB nocae bo miiotom ewe HauBHK'x noaM«BaxpaK», sBpoabi Okxh6- pa», «Tyanap» BHineT apxafl h nO3THqecKH0 poMaH b cxaxax «Cavuiam»; repeBoaea*C?biHH6aa»TOJ'l,T* co3aaHHI° p0MaHa «AaacKanaap» (b pyccKOM BnepBwe BHCxynaeuiHe xoraa Moaoabie nHcaxeaa H no3TW K. A6abina- TypMaHwaKOB, T. MycTacbmi a apyrwe He cpasy HauiaH b noKa- **“ e TBopq.e.c..K..oe a.H..u..o. ”Hx r . .....e...n..p.o.H..3.B..e.a.e..H.H..H...j.io.„cuH,can„ euie caeau 0 noapawaHHH nacaxeasM CTapmero'noKoaeHHiTripoH3BeaeHHHl K 1hhx OTaHqaaacbpasanqHofl cTeneiibio xyaowecnsennoro MacTepcTBa “„H„H„, HHUbe*—“Hcaaa^o!o;pa°™3upaaapcybcc\"xaoRcaaMHoTCehpiTaHTybpreu.napoaHO-nosxHqecKHe TKpaan- roaax erocaoSJSSS!bK. AOahiKanupoB (1903) cboio TBopqecxyio aeaxeabnocTb HaqHHaex <- wS P a n°3XHqecKHx h nposanqecKHX c6oPhhkod c. »TH.a^CnTonaHHCiiaixtoro” Sr;;1 y-; \" „ „ nPoaaBeaeHHS! CHCTeMaTHqe>cK»H*■n*e“q—aTaiOcT- cKouiaH 6eaHHK» («Koinan xeaeBa) • onvfimHbof!!Lc6oPHHK ero P*«*a30B ■anna aapn» («Tan cupu»), B 1930-1932 ro-

Aax nosMbi «Be.ioe sojioto* («Ak ajiTbias), «TaSna '-(Hp<iHKa» («UIbipuibiK cupu»). nepeaa «a hhxnocBHiuena XJioiiKOBoaaM. nocaeAHHH—fioptCe 6ej- hhkob3a 3eMeju>Hyio perpop.viy. B pth we roan H3aaHU cOophhkh ero cthxob cBmctpesIuh iiiaraMH* (<Te3aauMMen®), <[1ecHHcouHaJiH3Ma> («Coiwa.,iH3M Wbipjiapu*) h paccKa30B «Cepo6pmiaa ca6.ia» («KyMic k* iai>iuj»). X. TaenfiepreiiOB (1895— 1935) Bomea BKa3axcKyio jiHTepatypy KaK npo3aHK, aBTop O'lepxoB. paccKa3QB. 3aTeM, b nocaeayiouwe roan, oh C03- aaer Co-iee 3iiaMHTe.ibHb]e npoHPueaeiiHa: noBecTb «npHMeTuue» («Tan5aii- jiuaap»), ntccbi «nepn3aT-PaMa3an», «KoppecnoHaeirr» («Tiaiui»), «Kyh- waH—aoib 6eaiiPKa» (<KvHwan—Keaefl xu3u»), «PaBeHcroo» («TeaaiK»). TeMH K.iaccoBOii 6opr,6bi. ycTaHOBJieinis CobctckoB Baacra, paeiioiipa- bha weHiUHH, oSteaHHeHne xpecTbfm b Koaxo3bi h apynie fujaenaa ofimecT- BenHofi WH3HH— rJiaBHHeb paccK33ax X - T.ionfiepreHOBa. Ecan b ero pan- iihx paccKa3ax «rioc.ieacTBHH xaenHTHH* (tllleSaiH xecipi*), «noceau Ec- 6xxe» («EcGwKeHin erim»), «Ka.'i.Man— Oiuic,iwchk» («KaAMan wbrH.au— Ka.iMaH xy») ToahKO HaMeTHaca TBOP'iecKHfi nyTb nacaTeaa, to b noBecTH <TaH6aauaap» oh npeac-Taa Kan 3pe/ibiH xyao«HHK, co3,aaBuiHfl npOHSBe- aeiine, xoTOpoe cBHflereabCTBOBaao o aaabHeRuieH P33bhthh xasaxcxofl npo- 3U. B 3Tofl noBecTH paccKa3hiBaeTcs o cofiuTHBX20-x roAOB. B iicii noxaaa- hu neperHObi b aeae opraHH3auHH nepoux xoax030B, pa3o6aa>iaioTCH Bpaw- aefinbieACHCTBHa saTaHBUlHxca KaaccoBhix BparoB a, HaKOiieu, nofieaa noao- WHreabiiux cii.r. yB.'reKare.ibiiuS ciower, 'leritaa HHAHBHAya.iH3aiuix o6pa- 300 repoeB— 6oabuiHeAoCTOHHCTBa aroro npoH3BeA£HHH. Oauaxo BnosecTH ecTb h iieAocTaTKH, puxaocTb komiio3Huhh, MecTaMH (wibahuA, Heaupa3H- B 3th roAM BucrynaeTco cbohmh paccxasaMii I\". Mycra^Hii. Paccxa3bi' ero «KpoBb» («K.aH»),.«Mywecrnerimjii Ulofruiw («Ep UIofiblH»), «MecTb» («Kex») nocBHmeHU xaaccoBofl 6opt6e b ayae. I\\ MycpenoB co3Aaer no- BecTb «Ha CyuiyiomHX BoaHax* (xTyaaraH T0.rKM[i.ia»), paccxa3u eJXea 03epa» («Koc inajiRap»), «Coce,iH b chh6maomo» («Ksk yfiAeri xopuiiaep*), Taxwe H3o6pawaiouute npeo6pa30BanHs crapoA cTenH. TeMoA sthx npoH3- BeaeiiHft ct3hobhtch to liOBoe, it o npiruiao b xa3axcKyio CTem> SaaroAapa KoaaeKTHBHOMyTpyayaroaeR. 3th npoH3BefleHna moaoaux nucaTc-iefi— nep- Bue pocTKH Ka3axcxo0 eoBCTCKofl npo3H. IlpaBAa, ohh eme lie 3peaH; xa- paxTepu iiobux .iiojefl, powaeHHbie hoboh apoxofi, he pacnpuBaiorca c HaA- aeatameft iviyfimiofi. MaHepa onncanna cofiuTHfi nopofl HanoMBiraeT 3anacH C. MyKaHOB, xpoMe onepKOB k paccK330B, co3aaer poman *3a6jiyAHBUiHecn> («A;tacKaHAap»). nomi.ieime poMaHa srpKo CBHAereabCT- BOBaao o tom, mto nncaTc-ib naKonHA ywe cepbe3iiuft onbiT b oCaacTH xyao- wecTBeiiHoft npo3u. C.MyxaHOB 3aAaaca ueabio noKa3aTb, xaxpacnpocTpa- Ha.iacb Honan HAeo.ionia b AopeBO.iiomioinioM xasaxcKOM ayae, xax ycneui- ho GopoAocb b HeMHOBoe co CTapbiM. dry axTyaabHyio npo6jieny oh no- BbiTaacn pa3pemHTb aepea H3oCpaweiwe B3axMOOTiiomeHHft aeie# 6aeB— Bypxyra h Eaiec. Ohh He hhxoaht b hobom Miipe CBoeft Aopora h, caeAysi MopaaH orjKHBuicro xaacca, onyCKaiOTca h rxfiHyT. npamiabHO HamynaB K0Hl|).lHKTMeWAY HOBUMHCTapbiM, C. MyxaHOB BMCCTe c tcm irecyMCA no- xa3aTb nacTOHiuiiftavxobhuB o6ahk .macil hoboHsnoxn. Orciozia— h3ahui- hcc BHHMamie x hhthmhum OTiiouieHHHM Bypxyra h Barec. B npo3e b 3th roAB BUCTynaer nxcareab Cafliip IIIapnnoB (1880 — 1941) c npoH3BeAeHHBKH, orMeieHHUMH cBoeo6pa3HeM nHcaTeabCxofi Mane- pu. Oh nHiuer noBecrx «Ajmj6aca|», «Bex6oaaT», «Py3H-Hpan», paccxa3bi «riiiflBKa» (xCynix*), «B ropoa* («K,aaa uiury*) HAPyrae, b xoropbix 3aT-

parimaioTcn t a rpawAaHCKofl boRhu raweaoro npouoioro xasaxcKO- ro avJia.- -XroflOB(|)OPMHpUBa-1HCbHpa3BHBa.1HC , Taxiie waHpu npo- B nepHoa ” sss.r,-^rzvi’T^, — . g s i Morao poaHTbca cpaay. Ho nepetifl iiaiuionaabiiuft TeaTp, npeofloaeBaH Ha CD06M nvra Bee nperpaaw, CBnsaHHbie c orcyTCTBHeM npoipcccKoii.ubHbix K8AP0B, Bee we noCTeneHHo paaBHaaaca. HcmuowrejibHO Gojibiuyio ''oMOiub b3tom0Ka3UBaaa xaaaxcKOMy Hapoay KoMMyHiicTH'ieeKaa napTHsi 11 CoBeT- CKoe ripaBHTejibCTBO. flo opraim3auBHapaMaTH>ieCKoro TeaTpabKpynHeftimix ropoaax Ka3ax- craHa—KycTaHae, Kshu-Opae, OpenCypre, CeMHnanaTHHCKe, KapKapaaiiH- c«e, AxMOjiHHCKe—$yHKUHOHHpOBajiH airaib xpywKH xyaowecTBeimoii ca- MoaenrejibiiocTH, ccapaBaamiiecH CHaa&iH yqaiueScs moaoaokh. neaaroroB, pa«OTHHKOB npocBeTHTeabHux yqpewAemifl. E.noGaH yMVP3axoB. Kani6eK KyaHbiuinaeB, KypMaiifieKflwaiiaapfieKOB, Cepxe KowaMKyaoB, Hca bavisa- kob, AMpe KaiuayOaeBHapyrae nonyaapiibie h TanaiiTAHBue aKTepu H neo- m cobmccthumh ycHJiHSMH opraHirayioT KpywKH xyaoweCTBeanoft caMO- AeareabnocTH. 3 ts Ta.iaiir.raBan MO.'iOAC)«b, Bbimeainaa 113 HapoaiibJX r.qy- 6iih, cocraBH.ia napo nepBoro Ka3axcKoro tiamioHaJibHoro TeaTpa, KOTopwS 6bu co3,ian 13 aiiBapa 1926 roaa b r. K3bia-0pae. Bhobi. opramMOBamibiii TeaTp b 3iia>!HTe;ii>Hofi wepe cnocoOcTBOBaa pa3BHTHio apaMaTypraii. Hapoa- hmSKoMiiccapnaT npocBeiuemmoObflBH.i KOiiKypc 11a Jiyqmiie libecu. llbecbi «Kpaciiue coKOJihib («Ku3u.i cyiucapaap*), «OCpyqenne» («Hene Kusp»), «0<ikh» («K®3iJuipiK»), «EnaiK-KeCeK». «3ap.ibiK», «riepH3aT-PaMa3aB», «flBa 3aKOHa» («Exi3an»), iiaiiHcainiue Ha peBOjnouHOHHWe h HCTopimecKHe TCMbi, cocraBHAH penepTyap TCaTpa. flpaMaTyprHqecKHe npoH3BeaeHHH notiBH.iKCb b Ka3axcnoft aiiTepaType c nepBHx aneft peBOJiiomm. PeBOJUOUHOHHue nifcw C. Ceficliyaamia «Ha nym k cqacTbio* (1917), cKpaciiue coko.iu» (1920), KOMeanH B. Mafuima «06pyqeHHe» (1920), tflapoaiiaa mKoaa® («En Metcre6i») HeH3MeHiio npiiB- aexiumuiHpoKyio ayanTopmo. B cKpacHbix coKO-iaxs C. CefitjiyjiAHHa yTBspwaaeTcn hacsi HenpcoOo- piiMoft cham peBo.iKDUHH, pncyK>TCH MyiKecrBenHue Oopubi 3a CBofioay iiapo- aa EpKeCy.iaH, BaSaH.ibaa, JloxoBOft. B «06pyqeHHH» B. MafiaiiHa nojmi- waerca Bonpoc o paBnonpaBHH wemnmi b cbs3Hc no6eaofi peBo.iKiumi b Ka- B pa3BHTne Ka3axcKofl apaMaTyprwH h HauHonajibnoro Tearpaabiioro HcxyccTBa snec 3HawreabHUfi Bioiaa BHaHbifl apawaTypr, pewiicccp Hapoa- HUS apTHCT Kaaaxcrana >KyMaT IlIaHHH (1891 — 1938). HcropiiKO-repOH- Mecna» apaMa «ApKaauK Oarap*. necca «ll]axTa», KOMeaim «Topcui;naii- ARaap6eK» h apynie npo«3BcaeHHH >K. UlanHHa hrhahcb hobum sTanoM TBopiccKOH aesiTejibHOCTB nepBoro na3axCKoro apaMaTHiecKoro TeaTpa. OopMHpoBaiiHe penepryapa HamionaabHoro TeaTpa npoxoan.io b o6cTa- HOBKe oopbobi hoboto co cTapuM. Ec.tii coBercKHe BHcaxeaH, noaaepwnsae- Mue o6mecTBeHHocTbK). 6opo.mcb 3a cosaaime nbec, nocBsmennux peBoaio- UHOiiiibiM co6biTHf!M, 3a xyaowecTBeHHuS irepesoa npoHSBeaeHHfi pyccKoB miaccimeCKoR apasiaTyprHii Ha KaaaxcKHB hsuk, to 6ypwya3Ho-HauHOHaaH. TCo™a.b!K!!CO^ Tex3'lnebMeec,,,Tb“ kCoTtpoepMuHx-1KHCabeaojmrp3aHHHpoHBHaT.biocpbenneppoxuyiaapoe, Tye*aBTecpTaH MnooxaaoaaobMix

apawaiyproB or penojnouHOHHoii TeMamKH. Oatiaxo hoboc. nepe.ioeoe no- GewaaJio. TlosiBHjiHCb axiyajibiibie ApaMu: «,JlBa3axona» A. ToxMaraM6ero- Ba, aHepraaT— Pa.\\ia3aH» X. 'DicnOepreiioBa, «3ap.ibiK» y. ycnaaoBa h E. ytcy.iHCBa. B noBbiuieHHH HAeBno-xyaowecTBCHHoro ypomm komeuhS- iioro jKaapa ocoCyio pojib curpa.i B. MaftAHH, paCoTaBUiHii b ofiaacra Ma­ rioOejia comiaaiicrircecKoft pesoJitoiiHH, BUcrynjieHHe nponiB crapbix ofibiaaeB, K/iaccoBan GoptOa—bot ocHOBHue tcmu nbec, iianHcaHnux h no- cianaemibix b bth roau. B CojibiUHHCTBe H3 ii*x ciua Tpyanuinxcs oroSpa- Kaaacb b KoaaeKraBHOMo6pa3e Macc, HHJinBHaya.in3iipoBaHiibie xapaxTepu BcrpeaaaiicbAOBOAbHOpeaxo. H, kccmotph Haaro, nbccu 3th cbirpa.mHcva- aoBawiiyio pojib b paciipocTpaHeHHH nonux aaeii cpeaii HapoaHbix Macc. 20-e roabi orMeieHu Sypiibiw poctom xa3axcKoBno33iin, HaymowBnepe- AHapyrax bhaob AHTepaTypu. GwaaHiie ckhkcthux no3M Ho.iiuocb oahhm H3C.10WHBIX, TBOpaeCKHX BOnpOCOB Ka3axcxp8 n033HH. riOSMbl 20-X TOAOB B03HHKaAH Ha CKI*eTIIO-TeMaTHiieCKOii OCHOBC. Maorae H3 hhx, b aacTHOcra nosMbi «BeaHnx» (cKeaeB*), «Xfi3Hb a&.iywaaHHH» («Aaacxan'9Mip») C. TopafirupoBa. (fecaoxcenibi, ho aanaca-' iin noa HaefiHbiM BAHHiiaeMpeBOAHJUHOHHoR6opb6bi rpyAHimixca Macc. Haa6ojibmee hhcjiono3Mco3Aaa Toraa B. MaRjiHH. B Teueape 1917— 1929roaoB uapaay c MiioroaHCaeHiibiMH CTHXorBopeaaaxiH oh iianHcaa oxo- aoaccaTH nosM: «floib Gas» («Ba0aun KU3U»). «Pa3aa». «y6ewaBiuaa He- eecra» («KauiKan KeHimnexx), «Map3ftaii», «Carb!HAbin», «5aGyiuKHuacxas- Ka» («KeMnipaiH epTerici*). OGmeft aeprofl hxHBjraercH OTofipaweHHeayMh laaimfi xa3axcKiix weimuni o CBofioae, noxa3 ax Hywau, ropeMbimofi JKH3HHB npOUIAOM. HHOraa CXOAHbJ a HX Cioweibl. AaHM H Pa3KHAloSaT apyr apyra. Oanaxo hm He yaaerca coeamitrb ceoa cyabGbi, hx MeiTbi He cSueaioTca. MyxiecTBeHiibRaxtHriiT Ajihm, kotopnh nbiTaeTcn tbRkomyB63- th cbok) aioOHMyKi Mapixaii, no8«aii a aaK.noxeH b TiopbMy, rae or rawe- Jihix noGoeB racHCT ero *H3Hb. Tax coMyBCTBeHHO 3axaHHHBaeT nosT cboio nosMy. Hesecra b Ce3yreniH0M rope B03BpauiaeTca x poaht&hhm. Ho OTeA, iianyraHHhifi cbohm cBaTOM-6aeM, se Mower b3htb ao'il iioa 3aiAHTy. Taxoaa crpaiuHaa TpareAHHxa3axcxHX jxchuhih craporo ayaa. noxa3UBaiOT npHpoay HOut Hapoaa. TIoaMbiB. MaBiiHHa«CaruH.iuK»,«Ka- na8», «Pa3aea» («Bs.iic») noBecTByioTo 6opb6eyrHereHHUX 3a CBoGoay. o hxhoboB, paBHonpaBHoSjxh3hh b coBeTcxyioanoxy. 3th iiosmu, xothHeim- memibic cxeMaTHMHocTH. cbirpaaH nojiojKHTe.ibiiyH) pojib a pa3unT«n xa3ax- cxoBcoBeTcxoR jiHTepaiypbi. rio cBoefl TeMaraxe, tdophcckhm npmmimaM, nocTpoeiiiiio cioweTa HCKaxiiMTeAbiio MHoroo6pa3Hbi nosMU C. Cefiitiyji.iHHa. Ecjih noaMa xPasjiy- ■leKHbieae6eaH» HanncaHa BpoMaHraiecxoM naane. to b nosMe «M>xaH-u30- aiih» b ocTpo caTHpmecxoMTone pa3o6iia'iaioTcH npoBOKauHomibieaeScrBHH KiiTaBcxHXreHepaaoB, noacrpexaeMbix HiiocrpaiiHbiMHHMnepna.iHCTaMii. Floa- Ma «KoxxeTay» nanHcaiia Ha ocHOBe Hapoaiioa .lereiiaw. cBH3aiiHo8 c hcto- p«e8 Kox'ieTay. 3ra noaMa HBHAacb 3aaHHTeabHUM npoH3BeaeHHeM xa3ax- cxoSAHTepaTypu; ee ropspio npmiH.ia niapoxatt ofiuiecTBeHiiocTb, ee HHtajiH, sayHHBaaH HairaycTb. TeMhi no3M C. MyxaiiOBa «CAymaui», X- Cbi3auKOBa «rpo6HHiia Maft- noaa», H. Ea83axoBa «KpacaBHua Kypa.iafl>, co3aaiiHbix no mothbbm Ha-

poAHbix Jierei: KcpAjin«oiyl-OHaTrWDaapnpcOTKHBHKaMflMWHUaKHTXeaauBUeCBaaiwrichti.o s T MaciepcKH paccKa- 3UBQCT o MywecTBe HcrpaAaHHHx KeaaeHa, nonaamero BH R ’- _ MeiKiv hum h KypaaaS, ocBoGoAHBaiefl era. XJoaMa n. oamanaM cepbisiiaa yaana noaTa. OatiaKo mothbu coiwaAbnoro HepaBeHCTBa b Ka3ax- ckom ay.ie b nefi pacKpaiBaiOTca caaOo. ___ r CpeAH noaM, iianiicaHHUX b btot nepHOA. ocoGoe Mecro 38lS U i b H O . «»»». w i «°w Cnvuiam h ciawa 6eflKHKa A/rraa. noKa3bmaa neqa.'ibHyro cyAbOy AJrraa h C^vuiam MOAOflux aioAeS, CTaBUiHX xcepTBoii cpeAHeoeKOBbix ofibmaea, noaT Bbipa3HTCAbH0 KapHcoBBA hx HaAe-KAbt Ha GyAVUiee. «Cnyuiaiu», o ko- Topofi 3btop ncnojib3yer c|>ojibKAopHbifl hctomhhkywe coBepuieuHOcboOoaho, npeacraB-iaer coGofi SHawneabHoe AOCTHwemie He toai.ko b Tuop'iecTBe C. MyKanoBa, ho h bo Bcefl cOBfercKOfi JiirrepaType. TaKHM oOpaaoM, noawbi, npeACTaBJiarouwe coOoii jiHTepaiypHyio HHTep- npeTauwio jiereHAapiiwx aosceTOB, Kan 6u totobhah hohbv wh cpmoctoh- leabHoro pacKphmia coiwaabHofi tcmm b Go.'ibiuofl nosTHoecKOH ipopne. Pha co3AaiiBbix b shot nepHOA no3MC. MyKaHOBa, AHcaMGyaa, A. Tok- MaraMfierona, >K. CbOAMKOBa, J\". MoAAbiSaeBahApyrnx, nocBmucnmjxotoG- paimiHR) COBeTCKOftAPSCTBHTeabHOCTH, HBHJICaHOBblMBKAaaOMBK33aXCKyiO amepaTypy. ,_ B iioaxiax C. MyKaHOBa «B poau OKra6pa», «BaTpaK». A. TawnGaeBa «Kyarapa», X. JJatyMaxHesa «Epxo*a h ErasGafl*, E. Mafi.nnia «CaruH- AbiK», T. Mo.iAbi6aeBa «^oii<|)HCKanHii» K3o6pa*aeTCS KAaccosas GopuGa b Ka3axcKOM ayae, cooercKoe ctpohtcvh>ctbo. B noaojKHTCAbHbix o6pa3ax Gpa- kakob—repoes anix npoH3BeAeimii — yroepwAaercH iiOBaa Mopa.ib, hobuc KaqecTBa cooercKoro ue-ioaeKa. 3th itosmh curpaan 3iiaHHTeabHyio po.ib b BocnHTaiiHH TpyAHWHxca b couHaaHCTH'iccKOMAyxe. OAHaKO B HeKOTOPbIX H3 9THX II03M, BTOMHHCAe B TIOSMaX «BpOAM OKT»6pa», «BarpaK>, eme najiimecTBOBaaii HeMaaue xyAowecTBeunbie caa- Gocth H HeAOCTaTKH. B CTpoeHHH CIOJKOTa, P33BHTHH COCbITHfl, KOH^J.'lHKTax, 3apHcOBKexapaKTepoB hnopTperoB hmcahMecrohcxeManmi, hHaTvpa.'iii3M. Boabmoe bahahhc Ha pa3BHTHe Ka3axcKoS hosmjj oKa3aao TBopaecTBO H. flwancyrypoBa, BHecuiero oGhobachhc b ee TpaAHimoHHyio CTpyKTypy. B 1928roay Bbiuieji b cbct ero cGophhk «CaranaK». Host uihpoko oXBaTMBaer coBeTCKyio AeiScTBHTeabiiocTb, HOBue oGuiecTBemibie OTHOiueHiiHb K33axcKOM ayae, KyabTypuyio peno.iiouHio. H. jlwaHcyrypoo co3Aaer Hoayio ijiop.viy nos- Mu.Ero no3Mbi «Mafiaan» («>3>poht»),«O t apfia» («napoB03»), «rnMa.'iaiW —Kpyniibsenp0H3BeAeHiia, iianHcaHiibie b npHBbiMHoSaah Ka3axcK0fi AHTepa- TypuijjopMe TOjiray. Oanaxo noST, npHAaBaaeB HOBoe HAeftuoe co;iep>Kamie o6HoaaaeT h TpaAiiunoHnyio MaHepy H3Jio«emia. B TOjiray «®poHT» oh ot- neyTOMHMyioGopbGyna Ky.ihTypHOMil)poiiTe, B noswe «napoB03» no- KKppoaaai3GcmHKcpTBpeBauTcesH.raeEeCeTT,ropTMmOpHuTHacoaoTrHjaeoiHrhoaH6yhpoarala3auiHsopnMepieH,r,iHinW'ma)HhpeoooBA,BoHncAoOuGocMupp,oaoBH™hoHcGrbooKKabaaiua,3arocexGrconp.KHaoo3KyBHanT3cmoTa.xeA.nbbHBiib,KiebMc«OpprHeiaiAHcMCcayaT.aiB.KbianaAoe—eM»- ocooofl HarAHAHocTL-____ _ H. flwaHcyrypoBa. XyAO*ecrBCH ......... nosTHMecKoe HcxyccTBO HeoSbiiafiHO BbJpa3iiTe-ibiiH. !0Ab3yeMbie 3Aecb iiostom. x Toaray H. flwaHcyrypoB npeacraer nepeA HaMH KaK noaT an •hh,. XyAOJKectBeHHbie ripHeMU H3o6pa*eHHH AeRcTBureawioCTH,



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sa JlHTeparypHufi sshk nocrencHHo ocBoOoxMaeTca ot apxaii'iecKiix caob, ocoficHiio ot apaBcKHXHnepcH,TCKnx. B aero bxojht HOBfaie c.iona, oOvc.iob- aeiiHue pa3BHTHeMnpoMbmiaeiiHOCTH, Ky.ibTypbi, nayKH, HCKycCTBa, toxhiikh. Bo Bropoft noaoBHHe 20-x roaoa bo33hh 33mgtho noBopaiiiimiOTCH ot piiropHKH K KOIIKpCTHOCTH H30CpaWCHHB, 06ll0B3HeTCSI CTIIX, JTBO[)/li.iaiOTca ee pea^HCTH'iecKne TpaairanH. IlepBoe peBoViiouuoimoe aecannerno owao nacbOHeHO ynopHoB OophCoii sa noAHTHKy KoMMyHHCTunecKoii napTim. 3a ee npeTBOpeHiie b WH3Hb. Ka3axcK3H ^HTeparypa, ocoOchho noaaun. cikhim pe- BOJUoimoHHBfM naipocoM, arHTauHOHHtJM coaep*aHHeM cy.ve.ia CTari. » 9th roAU KaefiHhiM opyWHeMHapoAa, bhccth cuofi Biuiaa b pa3Birrue cuuiiu.tiicth- BecKoro ofimecTBa. KoMMyniicTiiiecKan napTHH co3fla.ua Bee ycaoBHH ana bobso'ioiiiih b h i - TeparypHyio fleaieiibHOCTh uihpokhx cjiocb HacejieHHa. B cQopiniKo «Tan BJieRaepi* («IlecHH 3apn», MocKBa. 1925 r.), «AnbiH,aap lu.niivhi* (cjjnpu aKHHOB*, K3bi.'i-Op,ia, 1927 r.), «JIeHaW» (1928 r.) 6w.io bkaiomoiio okmo 220 craxoTBopemiS. B 1926— 1927 roaax ra3eia «En6enuii worni* (mane —iCounaaiHCTiK Ka3axcran») oG'biiBM.ia KOHKypc na aiymnie p.'iccuaaisi, (jie.'ii,CTOH(j. B pesaxurno nocrymuio Toraa oxoao 100 ripon3Bc;iciiini. Hx aBTopaMH6uiw b ochobhom mcwioauc jiaTepaTopbi. ripaDAP. lie nee onii cra- •’ih micare-’raMH-npoclieccHOHaaaMH. Ho am <|>aKTbi cjiywii.m iipkiim iioa- TBepxmeHHeMToro, ito jiiiTeparypnoe fle.io CTa.no flefloM HapofliiUM. BKa3axcKoii coBeTCKoS aWTepaType20-x to.hob B03HHK.naupaaimnn.'iacb npo3a, KOTopaa notra He HMeaia b npouiaoM niio.bMemibix Tpanimm'i. Ha.ia cboh nepntre imoan ApaMaTypraa, KOTopaa npestue coBepuiemio (iia.ia ne pa3BHTa. 3apowaaaao> ainepa-rypHaa KPHTHKa. rioiiBH.'mcb ciojkcthmc nos- mu. Pa3BHBajiacb no-iiiraiecKaa, rpawflancKaa .nipmta. Bo3HHKHOBeHHe iioBbix *aHpoB. nonMeime hobux repoeB, oOiiorucime h npeo6pa30Bamic rpa.iKiuioHm>ix noaTHiecioix (J'opM— ace sth npoueccw cbh- aeTeabCTBOBa.TH o tom, hto Ka3axcuaa coBeTCKaa .iHTeparypa HBii.iac.i> acth- lueMOKTaOpbCKoft pescwiouiiH, pe3y.'ibTaT0MayxoBHoro pacKpenomeHini vriie- i. KaaaxcKaa coBercKaa JWTepaTypa ctbho- BH-iacb HeoTteMJieMofi qacTbio eaaiioii ------- IbHOfi COBCTCKOii .HITe-

JIHTEPATyPA IlEPHOflA AOBOEHHblX nHTHJIETOK BaoXHOR-'taeHan bc.ihkhmh hachmh Kommvhhcth>iecKofi napiaa, coBe-r- cxaa jiHTeparypa b roau npeABoetiHbix mmuieroK npeBpaTiixacb b orpoMnyio aeBcTBeHHyio cajiy b BocnaTaHaa cobbtckhx aroaefl — crpomeaefl con.Ha.1n3- Ma. Oiia pacKpuBajia npaBAV o MHJiAHoaax h u.in mbajihohob, noMorajia aa- meMy Hapoay ocMwc.niTb 3uaHeaae npoacxoASUiHX coCbiTHS. OHa aecxa sceny MHpy caobo npaBAU o iiauicfi Poaiikc, o cobstckhx aioasx, 06 hx ae- Jiax a tpyaobux nojBiirax b cTpoHTeabctBe couaaAHSMa. BjiaropoaHaa 3aaa<ia cobctckoR xaTepaTypu cocroa.na Hcoctoht b ax- thbhom yTBepwfleHHii bcahkbx KOMMyHHcni'iecKHX HfleH. riosTowy raaBHUfl 'natjjoc ee 3axAK>qeH b jKH3ncyTBcp>KjoHHH. jlaTepaxypa coinuuracnraecKoro pea.TO3Ma yxpenjiaeT b cobstckbx aioahx lyBcreo npeaanBociH a ropaaeft xio6bii k Poahhc, BOcnarbiBaeT xOMMyiiHCTaqecKoe MHpoB033peiiae, a is k * c SCTeTHaecKHe Bxycu uihpokhx ejroea TpyAsuwxca Macc. Cxna nauieR jiHTe- paTypu b ee peaaaa.Me, xoropbiA nHTaer repoaqecKaa aefiCTBHTeabHOCTb, Bpeo6pa3yeMaa caMooiBepaceHUbiM Tpyjosi coBeTCicoro napopa. ToBopa 06 aKTHBHoft a AeficTBeiiHoi) CBH3H coBeTCKoS aHTeparypbi c *H3HbK>, KpynHbifi OeaopycciiHit nosT 3xy6 Koaac b cBoeii peaa aa Ateacay- HapoAHOM Koarpecce b sauwry xyAOTypM b riapawe (1935) JioAqepxaBaA: «...3ra MoniHaa aeflcTBiiTe-ibHocrb jkhbht aauiy Miacjib a Hama ayBcraa, ot- xpbiBaeT nepeA naiuHMB3opoM Oaeciamae ropa30HTbi aoBoro MHpa, B noCT- poeuaa KOToporo yqacTByeM mu cbmh, tbopau xyAowecraeimoro CAOBa. 3tb couaaaiiCTHqecKaa AeftcTBHTeabHocrb BUBcaa aac K3 3aKOAAOBaa- aoro Kpyra uexoBofi .nrrepaTypHoft 3aMKHvrocTH a nocTaBH-ia aac jihuom k JMuy, cepAUCM k cepAuy c bobu'M MaoroMHAAHOHHUM MaccoBbiM HKTaTeAeM*1. Hobuh 3Tan b pb3BBthh cobctckoS -naTeparypu 03iiaMCH0isa.TO nocra- HOBACHHe UK BKn(6) ot 23 anpeaa 1932 roAa « 0 nepecrpofixe ABTepa- Typao-xyAowecTBeHiibix oprana3annfi», aa ocaOBaHaa KOToporo 6ha abkbh- AapoBaa P A n n hcoaAaH earnufl cok>3 «Bcex nacaTeAefi, aoAaepwaBaiomax iutaT((>opMy coBeiCKoil n-iacra a CTpeMamaxca yaacTBOBaib a couaaJiacTH- qecxoM crpoHTeJibCTBe...». BOAbWBM COdblTHeM B 5KB3HH CTpaHb! B AHTepaTypU HBHACfl I BceCOI03- Hbifl cbe3A coBeTcioix nacareyieii (1934), BbicTynAeaae aa newA. A. JKAaao- sa a AOKAaA A. M. Topbaoro. riepBUit CM3K cobctckhx nacaTeAefi BorneA b aeropmo xaa npa3AHHX eAHHeHaa TBopaecKHXcha coBercKofi xarepaTypu noA saaMeiieMconaaAaciH- qecKoro peajia3Ma. ropbKafl noflHaa Ha ci>e3Ae pha Eawiicitmax BonpocoB pa3Uimm AHTe- paryp fipaTCKiix hbpoaob CCCP. OTMeqaa MHoroiiauaoHa.ibHjjii xapaxtep co- BeTCKoft AHreparypbi, oh yKaausaA, qro coBercxafl AHTepaiypa He HBAaeTca To/ibKO AHTeparypoS pyccaoro H3bina, ano— BcecoK>3Haa aareparypa, mto 43

.c liiTaror Tcnepb ne TOPbKO pyc- bccx HapcuoB CoBercKoro Coi03a, na nefl „ „ DWWc iiauHOHaabHOCTefi*. ronbKHii Ha3NBaa caacTbeM coBeTCKoro nHcaTe-’in «n.ioTHOe. iienocpej- aciiHoe eaHHeHHC* c qHTaTe.TCM, c HapoflOM, KOTOpufl ymir micaro.iH pa- B moae 1934 roaa cocronacH riepBufi cte3a cobctckiix imcare.icii Ka- 3axcTana, Ha kotopom 6ua paccmorpen Bonpoc o coctoshhh ii siua'iax Ka- 3axcKoBcoBeTCKoS .niTeparypbi, o iio93hh, apaMaryprHH, aiiTeparypnon npii- B aoic.ia.aax h BUcryn-iCHiiax viacTHiiKOBcbC3aa ocHOBHoe biiii.m.hiiic nn- care.icfi Gmjto o6pauxeHOiia OopbOy 3a nooumeioie HaeSHO-xyaO/KWrin'Miioro ypoBHB npoHSBeaeHHfl, 3a OBJiaaeiiHC TexaiiKoB /iHTepaTypnoro ac.'ia, .\\ine- TepCTBOM. Kan h bcb coBercKaa /iHTepaTypa, Ka3axcxaH cOBeTCKan aiiTeparvpn b 30-c roan BCTynaeT b HOByio nonocy CBoero pasBHTiia, Kii’iecTBeimo ot.iii'i- Hyx>ot nepnoaa 20-x roaOB. B Hefl oKoiniaie-ibHO no6encnaer h jTucpjK.xaeT- ca Meroa conHa.iHCTimecKoro ppa.m13.Ma. Kan npasibibiio oimcth.i A. OaaccB. oTBeqaa Ha aiiKeTy Koppecnoiucii- Ta 6pa3iiabCKO0 nporpecciiBHofi ra3CTbi (1933): «CoiiHaJiHcrn'iecxm'i pen.ni3M HeecTb BUMbice.i aocywax aioaefl h He b xoeMcaynae lie HB/iaeTCHaorMofi... oh oO.-.aaaeT cBoficrBaMii Conee ofrbeKTHBHoro no3HaHHH aeHCTBHie.ii.MocT:i... b cocTOHHHH ->iy>mie BHaerb iiepeaonbie saeMPHThi ncTopn>iecKoro pa3niiTHH, nepeaoBbix Jiroaefi CBoeroBpeueiiH, BiiaeTb3aBTpauiHH0aeiib lexioneuccTua®''. B roau aoBoemux nnrajieTOK b pa3BHT«H xa3axcKo0 cobctckoii .-iirre- paiypbi oTKpbi3aercn Hoiihiii aran, xapaKTcpH3yioiimfic5i iienpepbiBiiwii poc- tom .iHTeparyphi b iiaciiHO-xyao>KecTBeHHo.M OTHOineHHH, pacuiiipeHiicM Te- »iaTK‘ieoKoro AHaimona, oCorameiwcM coaepwamm, MHorooSpaancM >KaH- POD H nOHBJICHHeM HOBhIX ITHCaTOJIfoCKHX HMeH. IlepeA Ha.MII lie TMbKO IlllTe- pecHas ii pa3Hoo6pa3H3H xa3axcKan JiHTeparypa, ho h HOBbifi rail KasaxcKO- ro coBeTcxoro niicaTe-in, co3HaTejibHo h hkthbho nponaraHanpyioiuero nepe- aoDiie iiaen Hame0 snoxii, Oopiouieroca 3a hx npeTBopeHHe b aeiiCTmiTc.ib- ----- --- coBeTCKOH JiHTepaTypu 3tiix act CTa- M ^ ,b - — iiaaHHS h Tpyaa, a Beaymnsi repooM — loupcu. n i-oaiiaaTeaib. Ka3axcKHe nncaie.ni CTncMnmi Bne bo- B3aHMOOIHOUleHlla \"eway JnoabMH b couHaaiicnmeciioM 06- H°SOe ™ponoHHMa\" He COBeTCKoro HejiOBeKa. PaCCI<a30B’ TeDarviiuTom1^ ^ . npeoGpa30BaHHM ayaa h aepeBHH. A jih Kaaaxcxoff ra Horo hx OTpaweHHH. Ka3axcKHe micaTejm hcm noHHManw °‘Ti' 11 !lcp~ Cl) C0UHaJlH3Ma. riosTbi Ka3axcTaH « * ” ■■■>■ ~ , 0. . caofl napTHH njiama nepBo0 naraaeTHH TaKOBUcTH^fnxx KoMMyrnicrime- CTeyA, MaH» («Maufa caaeM*). T JKaDoxoRa C‘ MyKail0Ba «3apaB- .... epaTypaas raaeraa. 5 ceiiTHflna ion-? -

Oho 6bi.no onyC.iiiKOBaHo Ha crpaHHitax «H3Becrnfi» h Tenao BCTpeieiio 06- mecTBeHHocTMO. B cbocm npOH3BeaeHHH nosT npocaaBanei gamy PoflHHy KaK BecHy qeaoBeiecTBa, ksk crpany ctacrbH H paaoctH. JInpHiecKHft repoff cthxotbopgiihh qyBCTByer ce6s) He TontKorpawaaHH- hom h cuiiOM cOBeTCKoii 3eMJiH, ho h ee xo3«hhom, tbopuom. Oh yroepiK- Cpean nosTii'iecKHX npoH3BcjeHH8. nocBHweiiHMX coimraCTHHecKOMy crpoiiTe.ibCTBy, caeayer otmothtb CTHXOTBOpeHHH o repoHiecxoM Tpyae pa- 6oqero K-’iacca Ha crpoftKe nepBeHna nepBoft naTHaeTKH—TypKecraiio-CH- CHpCKofi iKeaesHOil aoporn, BCTynaeHHC b ctpoh Koropofl sbh.toch GoabiuHM cofitmieM b WH3HH pecriy6aHKH: «Koraa comkhy.ich TypKc«6» («Typi<cnG TyiticKeHae®) A. ToKMara.MOeToiia, «06pyq» («LUeii6ep») r. OpsianoBa, «Ail- naOyaaK.® A. TaxcafiaeBa h HeSo.ibiuyio ncsMy C. MyKaiiOBa «Mmhci., mo8 xapuft HcepeCeu® («JKyiiTKi, Kapa aSpupuM®). Hckpchho a BasoaHonaHHo qcpe3 JKHBoe BoenpHarae JKH3neiiHbix HBaeHHii 3By>iaT b bthx npoii3Beae- hhhx aBTopcioie roaoca. O KOJiaeKTHBH3axmHb Ka3axcraHe h no6eae KOJixo3iioro ctpoh, o KHac- coBofl 6opb6e b aepeBHe, o iioboh jkhshh Koaxo3Horo KpecibHHCTBa noBecr- ByiOT CTHXH H n03Mbl ptbTa K33aXCKHX n03T0B. TeMy cTHXOTBopeHHfi T. OpManoBa «Haui aya» («Bi3ai« aybia»), «^Ke- ae3Hbifi KOHb» («TcMip aT») cocTaB-'iner HOBaa >KH3iib Koaxo3iioro ayaa. 06 OBJiaaeHHH Ka3axcKHMH HteHiUHiiaMii hobhmh cnenHaabiiocmiH tobophtch banpH'iccKOM CTuxoTBopeHHHA. Ta«H6aeBa sKapnhiraui®, o aeaax h ayMax JKHBOTHOBOaOB IIHUieT C. MyKaHOB B CTHXOTBOpeHHH «PopaOCTb JKHBOTHO- Boaa* («MaauiMHb!H MaKTamjuibr®). OchobhoS nacfcoc itobmu H. fliKancy- rypoBa «BHOBb poxacHnufi® («>Kana TyraH®, 1934)cocroHTByrBep)KaeHHH Koaxo3Horo CTpoa, b noxaae hobtjx juoaeft coBercKoro ayaa. B CBOeS no3Me <KpacHuft KOHb® («Kbi3ua-ar>, 1933) C. CeB^yaaHH 60crasHT cBoefl 3aja'ieii noKa3aTb nocaeaeTBHn neperH6oB, jonywemibix ot- aejIbHblMH pa THHKaMH B BOnpOCaX WHBOTHOBOaCTBa. n03T pe3K0 KpHTH- KyeT rex axceaKTHBKCTOB, Koropwe H3Bpaiaa,ra no.THTHKy napiHH b o6aacTH Koaxo3Horo cTpoHTeabCTBa. OaHaito a no3Me He coaaaHbi o6pa3H npeacraBHTeJieii aapo.THux Macc, KOTOpbie aKTHBHOnpOTHBOCTOHTaeftCTBHBM3THXJHKeaKTHBHCTOB. B OTIHCaHHH caworo KpacHoro kohh CefiefryjijiHH crycmn KpacKH, h o6pa3 stot ksk 6bi noaqepKHBaaTCHeBbieeropoHbi >KH3HH. Bee3T0 npiiaaao noaMc b SHaiHTeab- ho8 Mepe aojKiroe 3ByqaiiHe. XyaowccTBennaB npoaa Ha tcmh kcwixo3hoB tkh3hh 6uaa npeacraBaena b amepaType paccKa3aMH, oaepKaMH h oweai.HMMH iiOBecwMii. Ecan bo mhothx oqepKax 20-x roaoB npeo6aaaaan qepra nyreBNx 3a- mctok h aapucoBOK. S3MK bthx oiepKOB Maao qeM oTaHMaacn ot 93biKa ra- 3CTHofi KoppecnoHJieHUHH, a KoHclviHKTbi b hhx 3aiacTyio noaaBajiHCb npa- mo, 6e3 xyaoateciBeHHtix o6o6meiiHft, to b 30-e roab! ywe bcho onpe-

AeamoxCK iepTU waiipa, ofipasu repocs H3o6pa»aiOTCfl c „ noam.iifi UHaaHCTimecKoropea.TO3Ma. Ha oncpxe mowho ocoOo hcho npoc.ie.nm pacmnpHCTCH afcepa o6mecTBCHHbix amepecoB Ka3a\\CK « imcate-ieil, ksk 3KTHBH0 OKU BTOpraiOTCfl B WH3llb CBOHMlUiCBTejIbCKHM i Baiecre c onepKOM b Ka3axcKofi .'mieparype Kpen i cp«aac3cexa3itaK. TOeTnoipaaacoos6pyecuaeoiBmaoacBTana.aKOTOppaonoro,n”xpaenpaaaeK‘aTTaPe.p—H30'Ba.ia ociiobiioc iian- pasaHemaHie6boa3eetoamKTxHcaBHiipoe.n n/iOAOTBOpiio _ ., . paCoraa B. Maii.niH, iianncamUHii flecHTKii paccKa30B o coruiajiHCTiinocKirx npeo6pa30BaHHax b ay.ie, o n.iac- coBofl 6opb6e, o hobhx aioasix. Ero paccKa3H, onepKn h noiiecrn rra remy KMXo3noro CTpOHTeabCTBa cocraBJinioT cBoeo6pa3Hyio xyaojKCCTBCimvio .’ie- TomiCb Tex /weft, aeTomicb CopbCbi nosoro co CTapbiM, otjkhbhimm. Bccbua caowiibift h Tpy/uibirt npouccc .iomkh rckobux ycxoeB b ayjie, ocTpan Oopb- 6a c nepeiKHTKaMH MejiKocodcTBeimnnecKoR ncuxoaornn Hainan caoe iioiiob- ropiiMoe oToSpaHtenne b paccKa3ax H noBecrax B. Mafi/wiia: eWcpnoc ne.a- po» (cKapa ineaeiw). «Ha kojixo3hom ABope* («K ojixo3 Kopacuiwa*). <CeubB KpacnoapMeflna» («Ku3u.n acKcpaiit Y0i»). «nnTHaanaTb /ioopou» («Oh 6ec yB»), «PaccKa3 AMiipmaiia* («0MipwaHHbm 3HriMeci») h ,ip. IlHcaTeab noxasuBaa HOBoe, peBo-nomioinioe b csmoS aertcTniiTO.ii.nocrii, pe3xo 0'iep‘niBaa cwiuiue xapaKTepw. He cxpueaB c-iowiiux nponiBopcuifi XapaKTepHO, mo repoami cboiix paccna30B a HOBeerert ok iraOnpaeT npocrux Ka3axcKHX menuumcero/iHauinert jkh3hh, ocBoCojK/iemiHX ot rnera ii npeapaccy/iKOB npouuroro. TaxoBU, Hanpimep, npe/ice/iaTe-ib ceabcoBera Kaunas!, iipcTceaa're;:!, npaBJieiiHH Koaxo3a Alima. Kan HacTOKUiHft Macrop paccKa3a, 5. Mafijimi b cbohx npoH3Bejicmmx pacKpunaa xapaicrepu repoeb b ABKHteitHK. ii0Ka3MBaji hx pocr c ncHXono- riiiecKOfi nocToeepHocTbio h rjiyCmioft. Ero paccKa3bt bo mhotom aBiiraior Bnepca pa3BHTne peajnmia b KasaxCKofi npcee. Kojixo3naH AertCTBinenbHOCTb ct8hobhtck coaepwaHneM TBopnenoa T. MycpenoBa. B ero paccKaae tTyiiopwibie* («Ta/inan, TaHay») noKasbi- eaerca, Kan b 6opb6e c nepesKimcaMii H3MeuaeTCB 6lit h co3Hamie KpecTbsi- nmia-Ko.ixo3HHKa. Hiukbiiava.ibiiumh icpTaj.ni nojixo3Horo Bowaxa hm.ic.ioh npeaceAaTaab npaB-ieima Koaxoaa Capen. CK.ioHHocTb nncaTena x lOMopy npraaer sTOMy paccKaay xapaKTepnoe CBoeo6pa3He. M TC“ y KOJ“ eKTHB«anHH JKHBO OTKAHKaeTCK CBOHMH npO!l3BC,ieilltKMH M. Ay33oB. Han6o.reo ynaiHUM npeacTaBaaercK ero paccK.33 «Kp\\Tii3- Ha» (clUaTKa/iaH*). rae micaTe.ib noKa.aUBaer 6opb6y pbaobux Koaxoami- kob nponiB oxBOcrbK BpaHtaeOiibix K-iaccoB, xyaaKOB 11 6aeB. o6pam.a.e.n» „ xyAowecTBeimaH JiKTcparypa nepBort no/iOBHiiu 30-x toiob k oiKpoKouy nOKaay nanCoace cymecTBeinibix KBjiemirt coape- OTJ,HqKTCJlblloRnepToft cTaiiOBiiTca pacumpeime TeMarmiecKoro 0AHanaaona h, oAHOBpeHeimo, yrayOaemie peaanaMa. O He/nocKHHci - ™bKyio oneHKy ofimecreeHiiocTH; A ToKMaraufeTm, __ ' \" Mai0'K1'- „„ „„„ m\" :

penoBUM b paccKa3ax «rHeB MarepHs (aAmbinpaa ana»), «3acTynriHqecTBo MaTcpH> («AHaHUK apamacH*), b KOTopux aarop b poMaiiTHiecKH npunoA* HflTOM ruiaHe noBecTByer o CuiaropoAHbix Marepax, bhcokoh aeaoBeiHocTH hx MyBCTB, OTBare a pemHTe.ibiiocTii nocrynKOB. TepoHna paccaa3a «rHeB Ma- Tep»» Karma BbrcTynaer npoTHB bojiocthoio ynpasHTena, b 3amriTy cBoero jno6HMoro cbuia, KOToporo napCKire 'ihhobhhkh xotht nesaKOHiro ompaBHra Buapcxyio apMHio ira TuaoBue paQorbr. B paccna3e «3acTynHmecrB0 marc- pa» mu bhakm npocryio xemimHy — Hamiy, KOTopaa nposnuaer hchjiio- MMTeabHoe MywecTBOh croftrcocrb, neperiocs Bee naiTKH CeaoreapaeSueB, ko- Topwe xotht y3aaTb y Hee, rae CKpuBaeTca ee chh h paneHue apacHoapMefl- uu. B nepBOHa'ia.ibnoM BapHanTe paccaaaa rmcaTeab He H3<5ewa.i npiiMHTU- Bii3Ma, HenpaBAonofloSno onitcbioaa qyAOAeficTBemiyio cany MaTepHHCKofi jho6bh, bto, BnpoqeM, hm fibuio oco3iiaHO h BnocjieacTBHH b npoH3BeaeHHe BaeceHbi cepbe3Hbie iXJveHeium. Bo BTopofi noJioBmre 30-x toaob Ka3axcxaa coBeTCKaa jurrepaTypa nepe- anr roabi b Harneft crpaae 6bi/in OKortqaTe.ibiio AHKBHAHpoBaHU SKcn.iya’ra- TopcKHe KJiaccbi, rrasceraa yHHqTOJKCHa SKcn.iyaTauHH MCJioneKa qenoBeKOM. Ha ocaoBe HaMeqeHHOfi XVIII ca>e3AOMKoMMyHHCTHqecKofl naprriii uporpaM- muCoBercKHii C0103 BCTynna B HOByio no-'iocy pa3BHTHsr, b no.iocy 3asepme- hm CTpoHTejibCTBa couHajmcTHqecKoro oSmcciua h nocTeneHHoro nepexoaa k xoMMyHH3My. B peiy.ibTare noCewj coiuta/iH3Ma eme donee pa3BepHy- mch h oKpenjia Tantic ABHwyimic cu.m coBercKoro odmectBa, Kax Mopanb- no-nojiHTH>iecKoe eaHHCTBo Hapo.qa, Apywda irapoaOB CCCP, hchbotbophwiI C0BCTCKH8 naTPHOTOM. HcTOPH'ieCKHM CoOblTHeMB JKH3HHKa3aXCTaHa 6bIJIO npeo6pa30BaiiHe ero b coi03Hyro pecnydarnty. HoBaa KoncTHTymin Ka3axcKo8 CCP, co3AaHHaa Ha ocBOBe koboA Kohcthtyumh CCCP, 3aKpemr.iatot hcto- PH'iecKHft (paKT, '[to Ka3axcKHii HapoA hoa pyxoBOACTBOM KoMMyHHCTmecKoB napTHH npH decKopticmoB h OparcKofi noMoiiiH bcahkoto pyccxoro HapoAa npHiuea k coiiHajiH3My, MHHya KanHTajiHCTHiccKVio cthahio pa3BHTHa. B 3th roAU B Ka3axcKo8 AHTepaType noatraaeTCsi p«A 3HanHTeabHbix npoH3BeACHH8 npo3bi, h033hh, ApaxiaTypraH. Abtopm bthx npon3BeAeHHfi craparoTca dbiTb BepHbiMH npaBAe whshh, oueHHBaTb ee c no3nunfi KOMMy- HHCTHHeCKOB HAeBHOCTH. PyKOBOACTBVHCb MeTOflOM COIUiaAHCTH'ieCKOrO pea- 6,iH3Ma, ohh cTpewarca C03;raHaTb THOHMCCKHtr xapaKTepbi, noKa3broaTb o~ raibia BHyTpeHHHfi mhp coBeTCKoro aenoBexa—ctpohtcjih KOMMyHH3Ma. Ecjih rOBOpHTb o rviaiiHMX TenAeHimax xyAowecTBeHHoro pocra AOB#eH- Hofi npo3bi, to 3to npew/ie Bcero 6opb6a co cxeM3TH3M0M, HanpaweiiHue noHCKHHaH6oJiee npaBAKBoro nonasa ncHxoaorHH repoa, fioraroro, nejibHoro BHyTpeimero MHpa Hamero coBpeMeHHHKa—co3HAaTGAH hoboS jkh3HH. riosTu h HapoAHue aKbiHbi Ka3axcrarra b cbohx jiymuHX upoHaecjeimnx caaBHT KoMMyHHCTHnecKyro napTHio CoBeTcxoro Coio3a — pyKOBOAamyio h nanpaBAHiomyio CHJiy coBercKoro ofimecTBa. Pha noPTHMecKHXnpoH3Beaei!H8 noconmaeTcao6opohho8 haHTHijiaumcT- cko# TeMaM, TeMe KHrepHanHoiraALirbix cB»3efl MewAy HapoAaMH, coAHAap- hocth c repoiiqecKoS 6opb6o8 KHTaflcKoro h ncnaHCKoro HapOAOB. Bee 3th npoH3BeAeHHH HepaBiioueHHH no cbohm HfleiiHO-xyAowccTBen- 06hmm KaqecTBaM, ho hx no3HaBaTejibHoe h scTeTHqecKoe 3iiaqeHHe coctoht b tom, q-ro no hhm mojkiio cvahtb HAefliio-TeMaTHqecicoM Hanpaa-ioiirH na- 3axcKofl AHTepaTypu Tex jict, o tpvahocthx, xoropue e8 npHinaocb npeoAO- aeBaTb b npouecce cboctopa3BHTH5i, o tom, Kan HauiH micaTeaH OBnaAeBaAH npHnUHiuiMH comrajmcTimecKoro peaAH3wa. Bo btopoh noaoBHHe 30-x toaob b Ka3axcKofi AHTepaxype 3kthbho pa3- BHBaAHCb Kpynrrwe (fiopMU npo3bi: nonBHAHCb poMaHbi h noBecra. Hamio- KaabHaa xyAojKecraeHHaa rrpo3a b stot nepHOAoCoraTH.iacb t3khmhTajraHT- 47

rae iAsaMaT AsaMarm. B. Maftnmia, «Afiiua». «n.io.ibi» (cAoilCTcp*) C. Ccfi4.yJi.iHHa. «Tosapmmi» («>Ko.ijacrap») H. «3ara- nomoc 3iiaMH» («>KyM6aK wajiay*), no3*e ncpcpaOoraimov. 11 «b°Ta roa» C. MyKanoua, «Mon poBCCHHKii» («MeHiK KypaacTapuMip) C. tpy CDa BoibuiHX ycnexoB aocTiirjin h nosrmecKiie juaiipw. I'po.mko npuaoyHaa HcnoDTopHMbifi roaoc H. /{waiicyrypoBa— aBTOpa no.vinmii« \"i.vtoupoB KaaaxcKofi nosaiiH—noaM «KK>fiuni» a «Ky-iarcp» C iionujiii ih» m;imii a CTHXaMii iia coapcMeirauc tcMbi BUcTymumTaKiie, pa3iibic no Mciicpr 11 cth- jno iioaru. ksk C. MyKanoB, C. Cefi<|)y.iai!H. A. TamiiGacii. 1. OpMaiiOB, T. XOipoKOB, A. ToKMaraMOcTOB, y. TypxiaHwaiioB. H3BccTiibiMHcaBKraMii OTMeieH b sroTnepnoA 11 pocTHpoHino.ioirmi Ka- 3axcKofi ,ipaM,iTypntn. BcneA 3a nbccaxm «Oponr>, «ilnpci'.ii:i:u 'I'a.iTaii- 6an» B. MaftjiHH nucrynaor c hohjjmh ApaMaTypru'ieci.NMii iipuii.iiictoiiiifl- mii: «LUyra», «Xa.i6up»; noc.ie ni.ec «Bopb6a» («Tapn>ic»|. «.K;imoiiiioc oncpoimc* («Tac Ty.ieK*), «Ho'iHue pacKaru* («TyHri cnpun») M. .\\yy30D cosjaer TaKiie nbecu, nan «A6afi» ( a coaBTopcTsc c CoGo.iom.i\\i). «Ha rpaaime* (<UIeKapaaa>). Ila cuciie -reaipon CTanHTcn iiohmi- nt.ecu. T. MycpciiOBa «Ko3U-Kopneui 11 5aim-Cay> 11 «Axan-ecpc— Aktiiktij*. •C. MyxaHODa «B aimCopbGhi* («Kypec Kyi«epiiwc»). IIJ. Xycaii.i:.:in <.-Bo- paa», A. AGmucsa <3a Poam.y* (*OiaH yiniH*), «ToBnpnmii> (./Kmmc- tap»). yciieuiHo paSoraer b oG-iacni apauaTypriiH H. /(waiicynimn (..be- cm «HcaTafi — Maxaa6eT». «TypKcnO»). rioAiiCMy i«a3axcKofi aiiTepaTypu cnocoficraoisa.i h npiixon u Jiiiri’pary- py cbokiix cun, MOfloaewH. C nopBUMii KpyniujMii npoiiaiieacHiia.Mir — nop- uaMii —BbicTynaior JK- CaHH («Ky.mii.ia»). A. CapceiiOaeu («Cepanc A k- uapa.ia> («An. Mapa-miu wvperi*), K. Am3r>ko.iob (<TamicTBCiiii.ni a c - ByuiKa> («Kybhh ku3»), X. Bckxowhh <Jlecnaa AeoyiUKa* (cOpuan Kbi- 3hi»). Bano.nioBaiiHuecTHXHnimiyT na coBpeMeHHbie tcmh A./Kyxini-a.-mcB, X. Epra.iiioB, K. Cara6aJWHH. Mopoaue npo3aiiKii T. Oianoa h A. AGimiCB BhinycKaioT nepahie c6ophhkh paccxa30B h noaecTefi: cJIioak, ocvmecTB.iB- niHe cbok> Mc>ny> («Ap«ancbi3Aap») A. AGauiCBa, «CTpe»i.ieHne mcitu* (•Apmbh aFbicbi.) T. CaaiioBa. B 3tot nepnofl naca-rcjiaMH pecnyCmiKn coaaacrcn pna xyaoniecTncimbix nporaneaeimfi aJin aereii (H. /JjwaiicyrypoB— «Coio3». «Ma;iTa>, «Ulan- Ke* ; K. AGauKaabipoa—«Ay.i OMiipTan*. «Bopan6afi b GojibHimo; A Tok- MarawGcTou— cCKaaKa o B&aiiKaHax* ht. i ). OchobhoS 3aaaiefi airrepaTypiioft kpothkh 30-x toaob HB.in.iacb riaB- kumo6pa30M, eopbSaaaiiaefliiyio MHcrory .iiiTepaTypbi, upoTHBHywflhix bih- Xyflo>KecTBe\" Horo yPOBHn npoH3BCAem.fi. 3a vraepiKAe no poflHoft AHTcpaiype, Hananocb^^BKTHBHoeTaviem.e^ y“e° H\" KH TBopiecKoro HacaeaHnnoaroBh imcaTcacfi nooiuanm .imepaTyphi. acacmiH vcTi.oro Hapoanoro Taopnc^a nnHcraa^'nn^ “ H3;ia\"\"C n° °\" 3- lypHofi oGniecTBcHHocm 6u.io o f i p , S K \"\" ■1\" npa- n A6an KyHaH6aeBa. B sth ro/iu 6hto r-.cil,,?, Kasaxcitoro noa- ocvucAHTb ero TBopqecTBo.n caere DenmTe-ibiibie nonuTKK roay opraimaycrcn HncTiny^^ HlSHOfia n S ^ K“--2e''\",!cKor° B 1934 «... . „ IK K..CCP) »\"7pu \"i i ™ c 2 r \" S \"

7CMaTH3auHK>, H3yieHKe orpoMHOro KOJiH'iecTBa pyKoniiCHbix MaTepnaaoB no iiciopiiH Ka3axcKoro (po.nbK.TOpa h Ka3axcKoii .nHrepaxyphi. OcymecTBjiaeTca ny6anKauna o6pa3HOB hctophhcckhx necen snoca, afi-rucoB, nouiOBim a no- roBopOK, o6pa3UOB coBeTCKoro (pojibiuiopa, inyiaeTca TBop'iectBO C. Topaii- rupoBa, MaxaMfiera YieMHCOBa. Bee 3th pa6onj BeayTca c yaacTKeM Beay- miix aarepaTopoB h kphthkob. X oth OTaeJibHbie TOJiKOBaHHa h cywaeHHH aSTOpOB 3THX pafiOT fifJ.lH OIUhGo'IHUMH, HOB UeJIOM Tpyflbl K33aXCKHX Kpn- i'Hkob3iiaiHTejibH0 npoABHity.au Bnepea H3yieHHe tpOAbKAopa h AHTepaTypu. B cofiwpaHHH h H3yaeHHH o6pa3uoB Ka3axcKoro (pOAbKJiopa a .nmepaTypbi HpHHHMajiH AeaTe.ibiioe ynaCTHe npotpeccopa-auHrmicTbi X. )Ky6aiioe, 3«a'iHTejibHbiM cofihrrHeMb HCTopHKo-AHTeparypHOM npouecce 9THX jist c-ieayer c<WTaTb to, ito b Ka3axcTaHe, KaK h b jnpyrnx pecnyS.iHKax CoBeT- exoro Coio3a, pacuBeraeT ycTHO-noani'iecKoe TBopnecTBo. flo cpaBiieHaio c AopeBOjiiouHOHHbiM (poabtuiopoM oho npeAcraBAaer coGoft KanecTBemio 110- Boe HBJieHHe KaK no coaepwaiwio, HAeitaoB HanpaBjieniiocTH, Tax h no xy- jo*ecTiieHHoJi (popMe. Oho .npoHH3aHO KOMMyrnicTHHecKOfl HAeiiiiocTbio h naaMemibiM cobctckhm naTpHOTtt3MOM. Cbohm GypHhiM pacutieroM ycnio- -nosTHieCKoe TBopieciBO axuHOB o6a3ano KoMMynacTHaecKoB napraH, koto- paa nocTOHHHO rtpoHBJinjia HeycTaimyio 3a6ory o napoAHHx Taaanrax, 06 H3BecTHbie aKbiHbi Ka3axcTaHa HypneHC BaBranHii, Hca BaioaKOB, CaaAHAb KepHMfieKoa, Illauiyfiaft KouiKapGaeB, OMap UIhokh. BejniKaii na- poAiioii noi3HH JliKaMOya flwaGaeB co3Aa.iH apKne, Bo.-niyioiUHe necHH h nosstbi o nauieB CobctckoB PoAHHe, o napraii, o /lemnie, o hoboh Kohcth- tymiK, o ApywCe HapoAOB. BcecoK>3Hyio caaBy, a uepe3 Hee h MHpoayio, 3aBOOBa.iH 3aMetiaTe.nbHbie n*™ H aKbiHa AnKaMfiyjia A * a 6aeBa. rio33Ha ilwaMGy-na rny6oKo HapoAHa, h6o BbipawaeT aaamta h AyMH HapoAa, KoropoMy aKbm nocBami cboB Ta- 4-2!l

C , « 1U.U1,. T.K f P \" ” ,n in, Cc6n co crapbiM CTo.nermiM TonoaeM. Kopim moii ^ Haoofl BC^H M ^ -“ eCHH .■.HCT.,1BOH- »0.10Ab.e CbIHOBbHHAOHCpH... H-rcSbKo Tonoab CTtweiHiiS^noio^HaftaeHiioM co-iHue, o cwacrbc napo- Ra' BCue«Tpe°Bflo<HOBeHiioro noanmecKoro TBop'iecTBa jl)KaMfiy.ia ctoht o6pa3 nneTymefi, jhoChmoB PoAHHH.Ee MorymecTBo, cn.iy 11 but axbiH («CjiaBbCa b necHHX CCCP», «CoBercKiin Coio3». cPiumia pa- bocth»). CpcAH aaMeiareabHux ncceii fl*aM6yjia, nocBameiiiiux I o.imie, ocofioe Mecro aamiMaer cro noaMa «Mon PoAHiia®, onyo.iiiKoii!iiiiimi it Mae 1936 roaa Ha CTpaiiHuax «ripaisAbi» n AOCTaBMBUjasi aiujiiy iii'ccoioauyio HSBeCTHOCTb. , .. He ueiibiuyio MBCCTHOCTb npno6pe.ia 33tcm neciia j.lwasioy.i.1 o Poitou CoBeTcxofi KoHCTHiyuim. IXna aKbina ara KoHCTiiTyunsi: Haoh npoaeTapcKoro HHTepHauHOHajMSMa, iiepyiimMoii ApyinCw napo- aob3aHiiMaan HeMaaoBaatHOe Mecro b TBop'iecTBe npocjiaBJicinioro napoAHO- ro neBua Ka3axcTana. fljKaM6yji bhacji h otahhho noHHMaa, mto b iiaiueii couHaaMCTH'iecKOii crpane pa3pyuieHa uapcKaa TiopbMa HapoAOB. yiiHMTOKCi HauiioiiaabHHfi rHer h co3Aano bc-ihkoc coApywecroo h OpaTCKoe cOTpyAHH- HeCTBOCB0 6 0 AHHX HapOAOB. B H3BeCTH0fi «ricciic 0 OpaTCTBe IiapOAOB*, ROM- no3KUHOHHo nocTpoeimoS Ha KOHTpacritoM npOTHBonocraaneHmi npomaoro 11 nacToamero, aKbiii cuaia-ia c rHeaoM h B03uyuieiiHeM rOBopiiT cnpo Kaiwajib- hhS 3asiaH». xorAa «xiH3Hb 6ujia a-ih HapoAa nopbMofl. AHuiaan napoAbi orpaBaemioH TbMoB», xorAa «naaa>i-HMnepaTop HapoAbi ryfitui, nan ah kh x 3Bepefl Apyr Ha Apyra TpaBiui>, h 3areM npoTiiBOnocTaB.iaeT srowy A|>y>K6y coaercKHX HapoAOB, KOtopaa npiiMenaTejibHo. mo crapbifi aKbm whbo onaiHKaerca Ha Bee Ba>Kiieii nine co6uthh b noaiiTHiecKofi xch3hh CTpaiiu, HaxoAHT a.ih cbohx neceii 3MOUHOHaabHO-Bbipa3HTeabnyK) xyAowecraemiyio 4>opMy. Hcno.ib3yn B iim rao6pa3HTeabHbie cpwcraa HapoAHoro ycnio-noaTHiecKoro TBopqecTBa ■“ ■ coOTm\" - “ » ° ■>— sr,’ : ~ = S ^ j^ s s rs K rs s a ^ata.MCya Aw^aeB. CoBp. con.. A.iMa-Aia, 1940 CTp .—