["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2v d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... b\u1eafn r\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bay, b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i M\u1ef9. III. \u0110\u00c1NH TH\u1ea8NG c u \u1ed9 c CHI\u00c9N TRANH PH\u00c1 HO\u1ea0I L\u00c0N TH\u1ee6 NH\u00c1T C\u1ee6A M\u1ef8, T\u1ea2NG C\u01af\u1edcNG CHI VI\u1ec6N CHO TI\u00c8N TUY\u1ebeN Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \\\"t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edd m\u1ed7i mi\u1ec1n\\\". T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn \u01afanh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam; v\u1eeba ra s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \\\"\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng\\\", \\\"\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3n\\\". T\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed chi\u1ebfn thang gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a T rung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110 \u00e0ng, C h\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 C h\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u00f4 C h\u00ed M inh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u00ec th\u1ecb, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0i s\u1eafc \u00fd ch\u00ed, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed trong 99","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t huy t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 nghTa, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f9a c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u01b0\u1ebb gi\u00e0, trai g\u00e1i, v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh. Ai kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u th\u00ec ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, khi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec to\u00e0n d\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110e ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi. th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a\\\" to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1eafp c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, h\u1ea7m h\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, song cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, 100","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Do nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u00ean Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 nghTa \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n 10 n\u0103m (1954-1965) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fa ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u00f9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra bang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (8-1955) l\u00e0 \\\"b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u00f9 nghTa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i\\\". Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f4 v\u00f9ng gay go quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t Q u\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n m i\u1ec1n Rac \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u1eadc h\u00e0o v\u1ec7 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \\\"to\u00e0n d\u00e2n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\\\". Cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n k\u00e8 c\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb em c\u0169ng tham gia ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, s\u01a1 t\u00e1n... Ng\u00e0y 7-2-1965, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb tr\u00e0 \u0111\u0169a vi\u1ec7c Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 doanh tr\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u1edf Pl\u00e2ycu, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n ra l\u1ec7nh m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \\\"M\u0169i lao l\u1eeda 1\\\", s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n n\u00e9m bom 101","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 V\u0129nh Linh, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, Ch\u1ea5p L\u1ec5 (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh). Ng\u00e0y 13-2-1965, ch\u00fang m\u1edf ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \\\"M\u0169i lao l\u1eeda 2\\\" \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, Ch\u1ea5p L\u1ec5, H\u1ea1 C\u1edd. Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, v\u00ec \\\"nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u0169a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c \u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\\\". Li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong hai ng\u00e0y 3 v\u00e0 4 th\u00e1ng 3, M\u1ef9 d\u00f9ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng, \u0110\u00f2 L\u00e8n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, kho t\u00e0ng, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb \u01b0\u1ea5n t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e0 M\u00e1c Namara v\u1eabn coi nh\u01b0 \\\"m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam\\\", \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, \\\"\u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1\\\". Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: - Ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, ph\u00e1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. - Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ngu\u1ed3n chi vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. - U y hi\u1ebfp tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. M \u1ef9 coi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111ang sa s\u00fat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ng\u0103n \u0111e phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111ang d\u00e2ng cao. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i 7 - \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00e1p s\u00e1t b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng hy v\u1ecdng n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc bu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m chi vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111ang x\u1ea5u \u0111i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. 102","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., Chi\u1ebfn tranh \\\"leo thang\\\" c\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e9m bom ph\u00eda Nam v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00e9m bom t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6-1965, ch\u00fang m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u00f2ng l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 tinh th\u1ea7n cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111ang suy s\u1ee5p. Trong n\u0103m 1965, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 55.000 phi v\u1ee5, n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam 33.000 t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 50% s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau giao th\u00f4ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch xu\u1ea5t k\u00edch t\u1eeb 100 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 l\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0y cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00ean t\u1edbi 250 l\u1ea7n\/chi\u1ebfc1. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e0u bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ven bi\u1ec3n B\u1eafc V\u0129nh Linh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Ngh\u1ec7 An. M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00e1y bay t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c 50 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, k\u1ec3 c\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 B.52, F.l 11 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ea7m m\u1edf, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 khu \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee5c, nh\u00e0 tr\u00f2, b \u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, khu an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u00f4n, ch\u00f9a, nh\u00e0 th \u1eeb ... M\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, trong m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 300 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111i g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, v\u1edbi 1.600 t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n tr\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, ph\u1ed1 x\u00e1. Bom \u0111\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i bi\u1ebft bao sinh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. Bom \u0111\u1ea1n c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 bi\u1ebft bao 1. Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh \u01b0\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1999, tr. 360. 103","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i), nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0ong hom 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \\\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do\\\", qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u1eeba quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, v\u1eeba ra s\u1ee9c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3-1965, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ra\u0111a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ta, m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea1m ra\u0111a M\u0169i Lay (VTnh Linh), tr\u1ea1m ra\u0111a 530, 550 (\u0110\u00e8o N gang) c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ra\u0111a c\u00f9a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, b\u1eafn tan x\u00e1c 4 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Nh\u1edd ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 H\u1ed3 X\u00e1, c \u1ed3 n c \u1ecf , \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn roi 30 chi\u1ebfc, b\u1eafn b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfc kh\u00e1c. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, chi trong 2 ng\u00e0y (19 v\u00e0 20-3-1965), qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e0 T\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 3 m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 \u1edd khu v\u1ef1c R\u00fa N\u00e0i. C\u0169ng trong th\u00e1ng 3, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n x\u00e3 Di\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng (Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, Ngh\u1ec7 An) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 1 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang b\u1ed9 binh, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho phong tr\u00e0o b\u1eafn m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang b\u1ed9 binh trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m i\u1ec1n D\u1eafc. D\u1eb7c bi\u1ed9t, ng\u00e0y 26-3-1965, 70 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 c\u1ea5t c\u00e1nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1m t\u00e0u Henc\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Conanxi thay nhau ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o B\u1ea1ch Long V\u0129, m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf V\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ra\u0111a v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i h\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 4 m\u00e1y bay. \u00c1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 v\u00e0o c\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng, Thanh H\u00f3a nh\u1eb1m ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u00e0o Nam ngay t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 3 v\u00e0 4 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1965, M \u1ef9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 c\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng, Ph\u00e0 Gh\u00e9p, Ho\u00e0ng Mai, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c n\u00fat giao 104","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb Quang B\u00ecnh ra H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Ngh\u1ec7 An. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ta l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ebb vang. Trong 2 ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng, Ph\u00e0 Gh\u00e9p, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Ngh\u1ec7 An ban r\u01a1i 57 m\u00e1y hay, b\u1eaft 3 gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i. Ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u00e2t k\u00edch b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 4 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c M\u1ef9. \u1ede c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Khu IV nh\u01b0 H\u00f2n N\u1eb9, H\u00f2n Ng\u01b0, H\u00f2n M\u00ea, H\u00f2n M \u00e1t..., \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ed3 n c \u1ecf , cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edd n\u00ean quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. M\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, uy hi\u1ebfp c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf t\u1eeb b\u1edd ra \u0111\u1ea3o. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ta \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\"c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o, to\u00e0n n\u0103ng h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi v\u0169 kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed t\u00e0i c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u01b0\u1edbc leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi c\u00f9a M\u1ef9, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang. Trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 9 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f9a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm V\u0129 t\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, ra\u0111a, t\u00ean l\u1eeda ra \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, ph\u00e1o ph\u00f2ng tli\u00f9 b \u1edd bi\u1ebbn tuy kh\u00f4ng m \u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pli\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u00f2ng th\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1eeb s\u00fang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1o ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi l\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f9 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng, m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 10% t\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 tham gia \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 105","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1ecb b\u1eafn rcri. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u1ea7m h\u1ed1 tr\u00e1nh bom, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u01a1 quan, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Ng\u00e0y 3-4-1965, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t tr\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 2 m\u00e1y bay Hoa K\u1ef3 khi ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ta nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m quy m\u00f4 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb Trung \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u g\u1ed3m h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y 24-7-1965, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00ean l\u1eeda ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra qu\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n cao x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 3 m\u00e1y bay F4 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao 7.000 m\u00e9t tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi H\u00e0 T\u00e2y. K\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 834 chi\u1ebfc Th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m, Con ma c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecb l\u1ef1 c hr\u1ecdrng ha th\u00edr q u \u00e2n han h\u1ea1 tr\u00ean v \u00f9 n g tr\u00f2ri m i\u1ec1 n B ac. Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ti\u00eam k\u00edch, c\u00e1c trung \u0111o\u00e0n ra \u0111a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1968, s\u1ed1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n, ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n cao x\u1ea1 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 2,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 4,7 l\u1ea7n; s\u1ed1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u0103ng 5 l\u1ea7n; s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ra \u0111a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng 2 l\u1ea7n; \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng binh t\u0103ng 16 l\u1ea7n; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng t\u0103ng 2 l\u1ea7n. 106","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i b\u00e0ng s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y 8-9-1965, khi \u0111\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c th\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i b\u1ecb b\u1eafn r\u01a1i, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea d\u00f9ng s\u00fang b\u1ed9 binh b\u1eafn r\u01a1i m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \\\"b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e2n\\\" x\u00e3 Hoang Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (Hoang H\u00f3a - Thanh H\u00f3a) b\u1eafn m\u00e1y bay M\u0129 (ng\u00e0y 14-10-1967). \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1o binh d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n g\u00e1i x\u00e3 Ng\u01b0 Th\u1ee7y (L\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7y - Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M \u0129 (ng\u00e0y 7-2-1968). L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam. Ngo\u00e0i s\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay \u1edf t\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p1. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n, binh ch\u1ee7ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. B\u01b0\u1edbc sang n\u0103m 1966, n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 tr\u00ean chi\u00ean tnr\u00f2rng m i\u1ec1n N am , m \u00e1y hay n\u00e9m hom chi\u1ebfn lir\u1ee3c R 52 h\u0103t \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Hai ng\u00e0y 14 v\u00e0 27-4-1966, B52 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed9i bom xu\u1ed1ng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e8o M\u1ee5 Gi\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 12 t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh h\u00f2ng c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ta qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - L\u00e0o. H\u00e8 thu n\u0103m 1966, n\u00e9m bom quanh v\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1967, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00e9m bom s\u00e1t v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - Trung... Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 300 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay \u0111i g\u00e2y t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, v\u1edbi 1.600 t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n. T\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, Hoa K\u1ef3 t\u1eadp trung c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng 1. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1965-1968, S\u0111d, tr. 82. 107","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m kinh t\u1ebf - k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, khu \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ... tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Trong hai th\u00e1ng 7 v\u00e0 8-1966, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 232 m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 12-1966, m\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u1ea1 86 chi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn r\u01a1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 629 chi\u1ebfc, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf cho mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, M \u1ef9 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 250 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4la. Trong 3 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eafn r\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y bay, b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00eam 8-1-1966, m\u00e1y bay AN-2 n\u00e9m bom \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch M\u1ef9. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30-4-1966, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 1005 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i. B\u01b0\u1edbc sang n\u0103m 1967, n\u0103m c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 ta v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o 6 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc: \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edd qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T h\u00e1ng 2-1967. T \u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng G i\u00f4nxrm chuan y \u0111\u1ec1 nghj c\u00f9a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng s\u00f4ng, c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n, d\u00f9ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c ven bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 17 \u0111\u1ebfn v \u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m \u00e1y bay B.52 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i khu v\u1ef1c H\u1ed3 X\u00e1, V\u0129nh Linh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1967, Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc leo thang cao nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, 2 trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Hoa K\u1ef3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng s\u1ebd ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n 108","Chircmg I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ng\u0103n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chi vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch S\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t cao nh\u1ea5t. \u1edc H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, chi trong 2 ng\u00e0y 20 v\u00e0 25-4-1967, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 20 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Trong \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 25 v\u00e0 26-4-1967, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 18 m\u00e1y bay. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i b\u1eafn r\u01a1i th\u00eam 17 chi\u1ebfc. T\u00ednh chung trong th\u00e1ng 5-1967, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 160 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. V\u00e0 trong n\u0103m 1967, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng b\u1eafn h\u1ea1 h\u01a1n 1.000 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 bi\u1ec3n tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00e1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Nhung \u0111\u1ee3t leo thang cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1968, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng L.Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n bu\u1ed9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 tr\u1edd \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u00e9m bom h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ebfm giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf Ng\u00e3 ba \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u1ed9c (huy\u1ec7n Can L\u1ed9c, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh). \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u1ed9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"t\u00fai bom\\\", \u0111\u1ecbch d\u1ed3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bom \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u1ed9c. Trung b\u00ecnh \u1edd \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed7i m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu 3 qu\u1ea3 bom. \u0110\u1ed3ng L\u1ed9c \u01b0\u1edf th\u00e0nh quyct chicn \u0111icm trcn m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i g i\u1eef a ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1968. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u00ean hai chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam - B\u1eafc, bu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Nh\u00ecn chung l\u1ea1i, qua g\u1ea7n 4 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trang b\u1ecb, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi th\u00f9 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ng\u00e0v \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 40 ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb F.105, F4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn F .l 11A 109","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u00e0 B .52... v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i 7, h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Song, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Trong hom 4 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb 5-8-1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1-11-1968) qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 3.234 m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 6 m \u00e1y bay B.52, 3 m\u00e1y bay F .l 11) di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i M\u1ef9, b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 b\u1eafn b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng 143 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00e0u bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u1edf hai mi\u1ec1n, M\u1ef9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e9m bom h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20 tr\u1edf v\u00e0o, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 31\/3\/1968 v\u00e0 ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb 1\/11\/1968. Thang l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 huy\u00eanh hoang: \\\"B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tan b\u1eb1ng n\u00e9m bom th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\\\" \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: \\\"Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh hy sinh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". C\u00f2n M \u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00fan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (1965-1968), Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \\\"Trong 4 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh, gi\u1eefa kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda c\u1ee7a 10 v\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p phi th\u01b0\u1eddng\\\"'. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eeba s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f2i h\u00f2i \u0110\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u1eeba c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m 1. Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng, 20 n\u00e1m chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, 9\/1970, tr. 22. 110","Cli\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., cao v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u1eabn quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a. Hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c: chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam: s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0 cho c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1ed9t cao tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \\\"quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", n\u00eau cao kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \\\"Nh\u1eb1m th\u1eb3ng qu\u00e2n th\u00f9, b\u1eafn!\\\" trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00eau quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \\\"Ch\u1eafc tay s\u00fang, v\u1eefng tay b\u00faa\\\", c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u01b0u tr\u00ed d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \\\"Ba \u0111i\u1ec3m cao\\\" (n\u00e3ng su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u). N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 n\u00eau quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \\\"Ch\u1eafc tay s\u00fang, v\u1eefng tay c\u00e0y\\\",lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, ch\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean tai \u0111\u1ecbch h\u1ecda, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \\\"Ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\\\" (5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c hai v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t hecta gieo tr\u1ed3ng; b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 2 con l\u1ee3n trcn m \u1ed9t hccta gieo tr\u00f4ng; m\u00f4i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m 1 hccta gieo tr\u1ed3ng). C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean thi \u0111ua th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"Ba c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn\\\" (c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c). Tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thi \u0111ua th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"Ba quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m\\\" (quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a; quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a). Trong thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Ba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\\\", trong ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang\\\", trong gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \\\"Hai t\u1ed1t\\\", trong thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean - nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 111","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"L\u00e0m ngh\u00ecn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t\\\"... Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Hai gi\u1ecfi\\\" (chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1ecfi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chung c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \\\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\", \\\"M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng hai v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt\\\", \\\"Th\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\"... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u00f9a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eb1m gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp. T\u1eeb trong phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f9a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, tinh th\u1ea7n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00e0o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn. Trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n anh h\u00f9ng m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00ean l\u1eeba (trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y 7 v\u00e0 18-3-1966, 1 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1n 2 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9). \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y bay, t\u00ean l\u1eeba, cao x\u1ea1... m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \\\"l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tranh th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00eam\\\". Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 112","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\\\": t\u1eeb 7 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 5 t\u1ea5n tr\u00ean 1 h\u00e9cta trong 2 v\u1ee5 n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 14 huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966, 30 huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1967. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1edbm \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1m nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong 2 n\u0103m 1966-1967 t\u0103ng 1,5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1961-1965). M\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n chinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eadu c\u00e0n cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed3, t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1eabn quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i... c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i. Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (d\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y (theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n) n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n B\u1eafc - Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e0n l\u1edbn i\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4 s\u01a1. 113","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Qua hai tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu qua tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, trong 4 n\u0103m (1965-1968), mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Nam h\u01a1n 30 v\u1ea1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, qu\u00e2n trang, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, thu\u1ed1c men v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh chung s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam trong 4 n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u00e1i xe, l\u00e1i t\u00e0u, c\u00f4ng binh, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, giao li\u00ean l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3n tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n. Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c chi vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0ong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \\\"chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. V\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u00e0o v\u1ec7 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965 - 1968, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng to l\u1edbn g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. B \u00e0o v\u1ec7 m i\u1ec1n R \u1eafc, chi vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n N am l\u00e0 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n \u0111i song song m\u00e0 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Th\u00e1ng 4- 1965, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y 7-5-1965, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\"v\u1ec1 m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edd c\u00e1c tinh khu B\u1ed1n\\\". Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, 114","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ec9. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c tinh khu B\u1ed1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 L\u00e0o c\u1ea3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c\\\". Ng\u00e0y 30-6-1965, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i ra Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i coi c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t c\u00f9a \u0110\u00e0ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 15-7-1965, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i ra Chi th\u1ecb \\\"v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i\\\". Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 6-1965, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i Thanh ni\u00ean xung phong ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n nam n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 xung phong l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u1edd nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1ng 10-1965, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng binh, h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung k\u00edch. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a giao th\u00f4ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. \u1ede c\u00e1c tinh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m giao th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ban b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng t\u01b0, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh nh\u0103m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi m \u1ea1ch m \u00e1u giao th\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u00e1ch t\u1eafc. Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, kh\u00ed t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1965 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u1ea3 4 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1959 \u0111\u1ebfn 19641. 1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0110 \u1ea3ng, t\u1eadp 4, S\u0111d, tr. 370. 115","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 C\u00f2n \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, cho h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canh gi\u1eef bi\u1ec3n tr\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Qua m\u1ed9t n\u0103m \\\"v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\\\", qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sinh ho\u1ea1t. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y 25-4-1965, \u0110\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m 1.200 \u0111o\u00e0n vi\u00ean thanh ni\u00ean c\u1ee7a tinh Thanh H\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp 1. \u0110\u1ed9i bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh 9 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Nam L\u00e0o. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, chi \u01b0ong th\u00e1ng 6-1965, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong tinh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, Ninh B\u00ecnh, Nam H\u00e0 v\u1edbi 8.856 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 559 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, san l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 bom, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-1965, phong tr\u00e0o thanh ni\u00ean (\u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u1eef) t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eadp thanh ni\u00ean xung phong ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 3 th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7-1965), g\u1ea7n 5 v\u1ea1n thanh ni\u00ean nam, n\u1eef h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o 32 \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong. Ngo\u00e0i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean xung phong do Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tinh: H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, Ngh\u1ec7 An, Thanh H\u00f3a c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1965, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ecfa tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u1eadn t\u00e0i, s\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng theo t\u1eebng cung \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. 1. Do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fac n\u00e0y chua nh\u1eadn n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean. 116","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u... \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1eeb m\u00f9a H\u00e8 n\u0103m 1965, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed9 T\u1ed3ng tham m\u01b0u v\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110o\u00e0n 665 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh ra h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn 559, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 L\u00e0o. V\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 559 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n gian kh\u1ed3, hy sinh, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam b\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00e1m \u01b0\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u giao th\u00f4ng. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng qua b\u1ed1n n\u00e3m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, phong t\u1ecfa, ng\u00e3n ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng m\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u0103m 1967 l\u00ean g\u1ea5p s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1965. Ket th\u00fac m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 n\u0103m 1966-1967, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ea1t 126% k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965-1966. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ecfn, chu\u00e2n b\u1ecb cho kc ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chicn m \u00f9a kh\u00f4 1967\\\" 1968. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n 559 c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n cho h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam v\u00e0 t\u1eeb Nam ra B\u0103c. Nh\u00ecn chung l\u1ea1i, trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ec1n t\u00e2m, v\u1eefng tr\u00ed, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, m\u01b0u ch\u00ed, v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, v\u1eeba t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c chi vi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. 117","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 IV.HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG NGO\u1ea0I GIAO 1. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \\\"chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \\\"kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 1961 \u0111\u1ebfn 1964, ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eb1m tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M \u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, phi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh do M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ngo\u1ea1i giao hai mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" (1965-1968), nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1nh, m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edd c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam, B\u1eafc nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Ke t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m ngo\u1ea1i giao truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao, coi ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u1eafng M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. 118","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn d\u1ea5u... T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 11 (th\u00e1ng 3-1965), Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i: Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u00e2m m\u01b0u m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9a M\u1ef9, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau \u0111\u00e2y: v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam: - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n chi l\u00e0 tay sai c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 1954. - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. - Tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hom c\u1ee7a phe x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n R\u1eafc: - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 h\u00f2ng g\u1ee1 th\u1ebf ch\u00fang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 hom. - L\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. - \u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam'. 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n Id\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 26, S\u0111d, tr. 115-117. 119","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 T i\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1965, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: \\\"\u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a phe x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\\\" v\u00e0 coi \\\"\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t nh\u00e2n to quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f9a ta\\\"'. \u0110\u1ea5u \u01b0anh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t Chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft T rung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 11 v\u00e0 N gh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12, ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, n\u00eau cao t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \\\"chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u201d c\u00f9a M\u1ef9; \u01b0anh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n; m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a M\u1ef9, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn chong M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sa l\u1ea7y \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0y 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 26. S\u0111d, tr. 649. 120","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 11-5-1966, T\u00f2a \u00e1n Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf B\u00e9ct\u01a1r\u0103ng Rutxen (Bertrant Russel) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, x\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. Trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u00e1ng 5-1966 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 11-1967, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00f2a \u00e1n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi ph\u1ea1m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Ket lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to l\u1edbn, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. v \u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9, g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, M\u1ef9 \u1edf th\u1ebf y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 phi ngh\u0129a n\u00ean r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd coi \\\"ngo\u1ea1i giao h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110e che \u0111\u1eady t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \\\"Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam\\\", \\\"M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\\\". C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, M\u1ef9 ra S\u00e1ch tr\u1eafng: \\\"V\u00ec sao c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00fa C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng cu\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ed9t thu \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i giao M\u1ef9 s\u1ee9 d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5o ri\u1ebft nh\u00e1i l\u00e0 d\u00f2i \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\". Th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1965, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 M\u1ef9 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 M\u1ef9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u1ebfu mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1965, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh ] t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la g\u00f3p v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb sau tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp tri\u00ean khai c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f2i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\". Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p 121","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e9m bom, ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p. \u0110\u1ebb v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u c\u00f9a ch\u00fang, t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y 10-4-1965, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh nhung ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1ecdn M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a To qu\u1ed1c ta\\\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t N am D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C \u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0: \\\"Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u00e0o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u00f9 quy\u1ec3n, thong nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh tho c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N \u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9 quy\u1ec1n thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1ea5y c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta\\\"'. Nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9, Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u00e0m c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9; nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung: \u0111\u1ec1 cao ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, n\u00eau cao quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 22-3-1965 c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 8-4-1965 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edd v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi M\u1ef9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\". Hai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf 1. H\u1ed3 C h\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 11, S\u0111d, tr. 432, 433. 122","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \/. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u00e0m \\\"t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c d\u00e3 man c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \\\"h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" b\u1ecbp b\u1ee3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang; \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ebfm c\u00f9a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh nghTa v\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a ta; tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em, c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M \u1ef9, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u1eadp m \u1ed9t m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\" . Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 4 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a: n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f9a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 1954 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam: 1. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n V i\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed M\u1ef9 ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea7m d\u1ee9t can thi\u1ec7p \u1edd m i\u1ec1n N am , c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 2. Hai mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean minh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. 3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c mi\u1ec1n Nam do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft theo c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. 1. \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng lo\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 28, S\u0111d, tr. 174-175. 123","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 4. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y 22-3-1965, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00ean \u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9: 1. \u0110e qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 k\u00e8 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o. 2. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trung l\u1eadp, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam quy\u1ebft ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. 3. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam bi\u1ebft \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 N\u0103m ch\u00e2u. 5. To\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u0169 trang, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c anh d\u0169ng x\u00f4ng l\u00ean, quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn vi\u1ec7t gian b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o V i\u1ec7t N am D \u00e2n ch\u00f9 C \u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u00f9a lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\". Ng\u00e0y 5-12-1965, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: \\\"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\". Ng\u00e0y 24-1-1966, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh g\u1eebi th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 70 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh do M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc, v\u1ea1ch \u01af\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp v\u00e0 124","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \\\"\u0111i t\u00ecm h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb 14 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \\\"ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, thi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang\\\"1. C\u00f3 th\u00ea n\u00f3i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i giao hai mi\u1ec1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian, ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110en cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1966 \u0111\u1ea7u 1967, d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi M\u1eadt tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ea7n 60 n\u01b0\u1edbc li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, chi c\u00f2n 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9. 2. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u00f3i T\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng I|u\u00f4c tc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch \u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Dc \u0111 \u00e1n h th \u0103n g M \u1ef9 m \u1ed9t c\u01b0 \u1edd n g qu\u00f4c C\u00d3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u the gi\u1edbi, V i\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng gay g\u1eaft, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 12, S\u0111d, tr. 32-33. 125","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00ecm ra m\u1eabu s\u1ed1 chung l\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a - Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1ed1i \u0111a s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u00f9, l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee5c l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, tranh th\u1ee7 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em kh\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 chia r\u1ebd Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh trong phe x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, cho vay kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh l\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ea5p cao \u0111i th\u0103m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, tranh th\u1ee7 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng vai tr\u00f2 quan ir\u1ecdng c\u00f9a Li\u1ebdn X\u00f4 \u01b0\u00ean \u01b0\u01b0\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng tranh th\u1ee7 vai tr\u00f2 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam cung c\u1ea5p h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam - L\u00e0o - Campuchia l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. 126","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \/. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ba n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam - L\u00e0o - Cam puchia l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1eadu c\u1ee9 cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Campuchia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Xihan\u00fac, \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp t\u1ea1i Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh th\u00e1ng 3-1965. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, trung l\u1eadp v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u00f9a Campuchia v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0y 31-5-1967, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 8-6-1967, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00fa Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Campuchia, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u00f9 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Campuchia trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0y 20-6-1967, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a t\u1ea1i Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 quan \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0y 22-6-1967, c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u00e0o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao, d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng L\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn L\u00e0o. Hai b\u00ean ph\u1ed1i li\u1ee3p ch\u1ea1t ch\u1ed3 irong \u0111\u00e1u \u01b0anh qu\u00e3n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tri v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn L\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng L\u00e0o m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. Th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th \u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t N am : Phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb khi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam 127","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Phong tr\u00e0o lan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc \u00c2u. Phong tr\u00e0o bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, thanh ni\u00ean, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng h\u0103ng h\u00e1i tham gia phong tr\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u00ean \u00e1n M\u1ef9. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Stokholm, th\u00e1ng 7-1967, quy t\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho hon 300 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa: m\u00edt tinh, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, k\u00fd ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, quy\u00ean g\u00f3p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed1c men, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, hi\u1ebfn m \u00e1u... \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nhi\u1ec1u thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh \u0111\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Stokholm ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1967 do Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00d4l\u1ed1p Panm\u01a1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng do m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf hai mi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tinh l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o. N \u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tinh th\u1ea7n cho phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1969, Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp th\u00eam 11 s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00ean 27. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, 128","Ch\u01b0img I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2v d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y phong tr\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh, s\u1edbm m\u1edf ra quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngay m\u00f9a thu n\u00e3m 1965, l\u00fac M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac chong chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \\\"\u1ee7y ban ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c\\\" \u0111\u00f2i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ee7 y ban n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hai \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh (10-1965 v\u00e0 3-1966). Hai \u0111\u1ee3t l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u1edf h\u01a1n 100 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tham gia. Trong phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u1edbi tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y 24-3-1965, m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Misigan. Th\u00e1ng 4-1965, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u0111\u1ebfn 40 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4 Oasinht\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 thi\u00eau c\u1ee7a 16 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 Henga Hecd\u01a1, anh M\u01a1ris\u01a1n, anh R\u00e2ugi\u01a1, Lapeed\u01a1, ch\u1ecb Xilin Gianc\u01a1xki g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh1. Khi M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sa l\u1ea7y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, phong tr\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1967 (t\u1eeb 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 15 th\u00e1ng 4) l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh m\u00f9a thu t\u1eeb 15 \u0111\u1ebfn 21 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n 3,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tham gia... Trong n\u0103m 1967, 1968 di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o \\\"m\u00f9a H\u00e8 n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng\\\" v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh di\u1ec5n ra c\u00f9ng l\u00fac t\u1ea1i 120 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. Phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9. s\u1ed1 ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 \u0111\u00f2i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom 1 S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u201e 1976, tr. 34, 349. 129","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, \u0111\u00f2i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng... \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \\\"M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn s\u1ed1 hai \u1edf ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9\\\". Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1969, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Th\u00e1ng 3-1965, \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh, th\u00e1ng 4 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 5-1965, \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 10 n\u0103m H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u0103ng \u0110ung \u1edf In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb \u00c1 - Phi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 V. Th\u00e1ng 6-1965, Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u00eam B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Trinh th\u0103m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi... M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0: T\u1ea1o c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0m. Th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ea1n d\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965, 1966, 1967, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 trong khi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p to l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edd th\u00e1ng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 23 \u0111\u1ebfn 26-1-1967, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13, b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m \u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Th\u00e1ng 1-1967, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f3a III ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft m \u1edd r\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 130","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac\\\". B\u1ea3n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"\u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam, ta c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hai m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa\\\". \u0110en cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1966, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng hai cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 (\u0110\u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n 1965-1966 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n 1966-1967), chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u00ecm v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 1.620 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban C h\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh T rung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 (kh\u00f3a III) th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1967, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea9y m \u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"\u0110\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i g ia o ...\\\" 1. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u0169ng n\u00eau m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, v\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng th\u00f9 \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7u c\u00f9a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ec1 cao l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 5 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f9a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u00fang h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi. \u0110e gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ebf th\u1eafng, ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 13 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n cu\u1ed9c 1. L\u00edch s\u1eed \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), t\u1eadp n, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u201e 1995, tr. 379. 131","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\\\". V\u1edbi Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 13, ngo\u1ea1i giao ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 28-1-1967, thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao m\u1edbi, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \\\"Chi sau khi Hoa K\u1ef3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, th\u00ec Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\". Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao l\u1edbn. V\u00ec su\u1ed1t trong hai n\u0103m qua, Hoa K\u1ef3 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\". Vi\u1ec7t Nam ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u00e1c b\u1ecf. V\u1edbi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ecf thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u1eb3n lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u \\\"\u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13, vi\u1ec7c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00eau v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \\\"c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n\\\" c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao, nh\u1eb1m v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p tr\u1eafng tr\u1ee3n l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, an ninh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ea1i k\u00eau n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Trong th\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n ng\u00e0y 15-2-1967, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"Neu Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 th\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n thi tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a\\\"'. Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Trinh ng\u00e0y 29-12-1967: \\\"Sau khi M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. 1. H\u1ed3 Chi Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 12, S\u0111d, tr. 232. 132","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00ec. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a s\u1ebd n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan''. D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fa ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e0y t\u1ecf hoan ngh\u00eanh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. D\u01b0 lu\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i Nh\u00e0 tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. \u0110e k\u00e9o M\u1ef9 xu\u1ed1ng thang, bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edd ra m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u00f9a \u0110\u00e0ng l\u00e0 k\u00e9o M\u1ef9 xu\u1ed1ng thang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 13-5-1968, hai \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p nhau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Kl\u00e9ber, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u0111\u1ecd s\u00e2n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng; v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n \\\"v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e0m \\\"1. 1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c ra qu\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam: l\u1ea7n I \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t - Ph\u00e1p 1946; l\u1ea7n 2 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng 1954 t\u1ea1i Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 133","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II \u0110\u00c1NHTH\u1ea2NGCHI\u00c9NL\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"CHI\u1ec2NTRANHc\u1ee5c B \u1ed9\\\" C\u1ee6AM\u1ef8 \u1ede MI\u00caN NAM (1965-1968) I. N\u1ed8I DUNG CHI\u00c9N L\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"CHI\u00c9N TRANH c\u1ee5 c B \u1ed9\\\" C\u1ee6A M\u1ef8 \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" m\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111inh cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1964, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau, 1\/3 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chuy\u1ec3n sang chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, nh\u00e0m khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00f9a ch\u00fang. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb kh\u00e1 c\u00f4ng phu, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u00e3 qua l\u00e0m th\u1eeb v\u00e0 th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang M\u1ef9, th\u0103m d\u00f2 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, th\u0103m d\u00f2 d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t trong ba h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, t\u1ed5ng l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \\\"ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t\\\". M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong v\u00f2ng 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 th\u00e1ng 134","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., (gi\u1eefa 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1967), v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I, ph\u00e1 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00f9a m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \\\"ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng thua\\\", b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0m tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n II, m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n III, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh mi\u1ec1n Nam, r\u00fat qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1967. Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 \\\"t\u00ecm v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\", sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\", \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u00f2ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o Nam. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t \\\"cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0 \u1edd i\\\"1. \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 8-3-1965, hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u thu\u1ed9c binh ch\u1ee7ng l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9, trong qu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi xe t\u0103ng, ph\u00e1o t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u trang b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 20 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m 1945, qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, ng\u00e0y 2-3-1965, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean quy m\u00f4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9, qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u \u00c1 - Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng2 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb. 1. H\u1ed3 C h\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 12, S\u0111d, tr. 371. 2. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c), Th\u00e1i Lan, Phil\u00edppin, \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, Niu Dil\u00e2n. 135","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \\\"\u0111\u1ed3ng minh\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u1eabn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ch\u00f9 b\u00e0i, l\u00e0 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t nham ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. S\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1973 l\u00e0: 1965 184.300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1966 410.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1967 485.600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1969 543.400 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1970 474.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi 1972 184.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi' C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ngay trong n\u0103m 1965 M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111om v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m i\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh s\u1ed1 1 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Anh C \u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecf), S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ef5 binh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn 1, L \u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 1 thu\u1ed9c S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ef5 binh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn 101 (m \u1ec7nh danh Thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n m\u0169 \u0111\u1ecf), L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 3 thu\u1ed9c S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh 25 (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Tia ch\u1edbp nhi\u1ec7t \u0111 \u1edb i)... c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai phi \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt s\u1ed5 3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 12, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7m 115 v\u00e0 116 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tu\u1ea7n tra, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. 1. Ban Chi \u0111\u1ea1o T\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb: Chi\u1ebfn tranh C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-1954 - Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh \u01b0\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 2000. \u1eeb. 506. 136","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9, qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 520.000 qu\u00e2n g\u1ed3m 10 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, 5 trung \u0111o\u00e0n, 20 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M \u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 191.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u00edt \u1ecfi, th\u00f4 s\u01a1. L\u00ednh M \u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1964 l\u00e0 26.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1965 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 184.314 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 20.500 l\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 70.000 l\u00ednh h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Guam, Phil\u00edppin, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i 7 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham chi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi, ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng bao v\u00e2y, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, ng\u00e0y 1-5-1965, t\u01b0\u1edbng O\u00e9tmolen - Chi huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 M\u1ef9 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \\\"Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c g\u1ed3m ba n\u1ed9i dung: t\u1ea3o thanh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh, t\u00ecm v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\". Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-1965 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 12-1965, \u0111\u01b0a nhanh qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0. g\u1ea5p r\u00fat tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6-1966, qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \\\"\u0111\u1ed3ng m inh\u201d m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t \u1edd nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-1966 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i n\u00e3m 1967, qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n 137","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \\\"t\u00ecm v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\", sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\". Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u: - Nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o ra \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 binh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1edbi \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\", c\u1ed1 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edd v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1, bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh r\u00fat v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0m cho chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i d\u1ea7n. - M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\" k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp; tung ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn th\u1ee9 hai\\\" nh\u1eb1m \\\"tranh th\u00f9 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\\\", th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i d\u00e2n (tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edd v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng), b\u1eaft h\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u00e1ch k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 1965, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9 173, L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 3 v\u00e0 4 thu\u1ed9c s\u01b0 3 th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n l\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn; Phi \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e1y bay h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1 c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 1 (n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 5-1965 l\u00ean 82.000 t\u00ean) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 1 thu\u1ed9c Trung \u0111o\u00e0n Ho\u00e0ng Gia \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia (6-1965)'. \u1ef6 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng, v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh, M\u1ef9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi v\u00e0o 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, L\u1ecbch s\u1eeb kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc (1954- 1975), t\u1eadp 4, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 2000, tr. 24. 138","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 cho qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh m\u1edf ngay cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111om v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng - Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i (8-1965). Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, M \u1ef9 m\u1edd li\u1ec1n hai cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong hai m\u00f9a kh\u00f4' 1965-1966 v\u00e0 1966-1967 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o \\\"\u0111\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng\\\"2. \u0110\u1ee3t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u00e8 - Thu 1965 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n - M\u00e1c Namara b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch B\u00ecnh Gi\u00e3, Ba Gia v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng Xo\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\", \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00fan s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f9ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ngoan c\u1ed1 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, \u0111e qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ch\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965 \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. \u0110e c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" ch\u00fang chuy\u1ec3n sang \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" - m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cao c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u00f2ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c, qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \\\"V\u1ecbnh B\u1eafc B \u1ed9 \\\" n g \u00e0y 5 8 196-1, n g \u00e0 y 7 2 1965 l\u00e2y c \u1edb \\\"tr\u1ea3 \u0111 \u0169 a\\\" cu \u1ed9 c t\u00e2n c \u00f4 n g c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o s\u00e2n bay Pl\u00e2yku, ch\u00fang n\u00e9m bom \u1ed3 \u1ea1t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ra c\u00e0 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc, leo nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5c thang nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 an ninh 1. Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu mi\u1ec1n N am c\u00f3 hai m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m: m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10, m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 n\u0103m sau (theo d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch). 2. T\u1eeb c\u00f9a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n g\u1ecdi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t do c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef. 139","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi1*\u2019. Gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 27-3-1965, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 11 (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a Ban C h\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f3a III \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u01b0\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u00f9a t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c p h \u00f2 n g ... Trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u00e1n \u0110\u1ed3ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16-4-1965 l\u00e0: - Ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u00e1t huy kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. (*) T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 7-2-1965, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp k\u00edch s\u00e2n bay C\u00f9 Hanh \u1edf th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Pl\u00e2ycu v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1i l\u00ednh Holon\u00e2y l\u00e0m 9 t\u00ean M\u1ef9 ch\u1ebft, 72 t\u00ean b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, 20 m\u00e1y bay b\u1ecb ph\u00e1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. 140","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. - B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. - Q ua s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f9a ta ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ea1nh. II. T\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed8NG C\u1ee6A \\\"CHI\u00c9N TRANH c \u1ee5 c B \u1ed9\\\" \u0110\u00d3I V\u1edaI KINH T\u00c9, V\u0102N H\u00d3A, X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I MI\u00c8N NAM Trong v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ki\u00eam so\u00e1t: Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 20 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1955 \u0111\u1ebfn 1975 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. Ke t\u1eeb 1955, mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. So v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thay b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3. Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00f9a c\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1 n g ... C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u0169ng t\u00ean l\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tham chi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f9a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Theo th\u00f4ng k\u00ea, n\u0103m 1955, c\u1ed5 685 c\u00f4 v\u1ea5n M \u1ef9, n\u0103m 1964 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 23.300 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn 1965 M \u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", s\u1ed1 l\u00ednh M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 184.314. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1971, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 200 \u0111\u1ebfn 600 ngh\u00ecn l\u00ednh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 16 tri\u1ec7u. N h\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n, hom 20 ngh\u00ecn d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 \\\"m\u00e9o m\u00f3\\\" r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 16.300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 6,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1954. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi 141","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng cao nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 642.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi'; ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Mi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Ch\u0103m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 93% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean h\u01a1n 3%, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Mi\u00ean v\u00e0 Ch\u0103m chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3%. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edd v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c khu tr\u00f9 m\u1eadt. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, thi h\u00e0nh r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb chi chi\u1ebfm 20% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ecdt l\u00ean 43% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed12. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eb1m \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. s \u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Ch\u1ec9 trong 4 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968, M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 26 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 12 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4 la3, kho\u1ea3ng 80% vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3, M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi theo thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u00f3rc t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 1. Phan Q uang Dan, The Republic o f Vietnam's Environment and People, Saigon, 1975, tr. 135. 2. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), S\u0111d, tr. 419. 3. L\u00ea Khoa, Tinh h\u00ecnh kinh te mien Nam (1955-1975) qua c\u00e1c so li\u1ec7u thong k\u00ea, T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u00e1o c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7n KHXH t\u1ea1i TP. H\u1ed3 Chi Minh, 1979, tr. 113. 142","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. v \u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, M\u1ef9 ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh (Nh\u1eadt, Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp tr\u00e0n lan ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng P X 1c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh M \u1ef9 v\u1eeba r\u1ebb, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3, nay tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \\\"c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi. Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam. Chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf V i\u1ec7t N am \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ef7 U S D 2, g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i chi ph\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed cho chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \\\"M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf\\\"3. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch chi ph\u00ed cho chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u0103m 1968 chi t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 265 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965. N\u0103m 1969, chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u1ed1n 1\/3 t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 1. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng PX l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u0103ng tin d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 r\u1ebb hom th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. 2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00ean 700 t\u1ef3 USD. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c cho rang: n\u00e9u Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn (binh s\u0129 xu\u1ea5t ng\u0169, qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng hay b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chi\u1ebfn tranh) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean 1.000 t\u1ef7 USD. 3. George c . Herring, Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc M \u1ef9 V\u00c0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1950-1975), Nxb\u0129 C\u00f4ng an Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H. 2004, tr. 261. 143","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 chi\u1ebfm ho\u1ea3ng 3% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f4 la kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 bom \u0111\u1ea1n c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb do M \u1ef9 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 4 - 5 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9cta \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c b\u1ecb hoang h\u00f3a; l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u, d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng xi\u00eau t\u00e1n, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 t\u00e1n r\u1eddi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh an. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n chi vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 cho S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, l\u00e0m di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o mi\u1ec1n Nam bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef3 USD \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed3n vinh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. C \u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9, t\u00ecnh l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e0i nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 m\u1edb r\u1ed9ng thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng cao c\u1ea5p ra \u0111\u1eddi. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh. S\u00e2n bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1eafp noi. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 huy\u1ec7n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n bay d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn. S\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhanh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ch\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea7u b\u00e8, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7u ch\u1edd d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh d \u1eaby d\u00e0i ra t\u1eadn bi\u1ec3n. Trong ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch chi ti\u00eau c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, chi cho qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau d\u00e2n s\u1ef1. \u0110en n\u0103m 1968, m\u1ee9c chi ti\u00eau cho qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 65% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chi ti\u00eau cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 1. Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o Hoa K\u1ef3. Chi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1. Phan Q uang Dan, The Republic o f Vietnam's Environment and People, S\u0111d, tr. 420. 144","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp si\u00eau, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1963, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f9a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 2,5 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea7n 10 t\u1ef7. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 1 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt l\u00ean 42 t\u1ef3 1. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ki\u1ec1m so\u00e1t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng nhanh c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1n bar v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Di\u1ec7m c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, Di\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u1eadp \\\"Khu tr\u00f9 m\u1eadt\\\", \\\"\u00c1p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n \u01b0ong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n. Sau khi Di\u1ec7m b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ebfn 1975 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch l\u1eabn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0: s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c do kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp ngo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u00e0n lan n\u00ean suy gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh hom v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch t\u1ee5, t\u1eadp trung s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t, t\u1eadp trung lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. s \u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 t\u1ef3 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 nh\u00f2. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Trust 1. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) - Nha T\u1ed3ng G i\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1967-1968, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1968, bi\u1ec3u 289a. 145","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u1ee7a 3 c\u00f4ng ty MIC, RITAC v\u00e0 BASTOS do c\u00f4ng ty MIC \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n N am ... S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u00f3a. B\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kinh t\u1ebf, M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eadp m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 1957 \u0111\u1ebfn 1964 l\u00e0 259,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111o\u00eda, t\u01b0 n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1972 l\u00e0 712,8 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4la, t\u0103ng 2,75 l\u1ea7n'. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u00e9p d\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, d\u1ec7t v\u1ea3i, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00f4ng ng\u01b0 c \u01a1 ... nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u00f4ng ng\u01b0 c\u01a1 Vinappro, Vikyno2. Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eadp trung h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u1ede Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 3 khu trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n-Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh (Th\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebfn xa l\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n-Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a. \u1ede Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 2 trung t\u00e2m An H\u00f2a-N\u00f4ng S\u01a1n (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam) v\u00e0 \u0110a Nhim-Cam Ranh (\u0110\u00e0 Nang). Trong \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1 ho\u00e0n ch\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m 93 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 42 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung 80% n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n Nam . Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. 1. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Sen, S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9a ch\u0169 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u00e0n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), Nxb. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia TP. H\u1ed3 C h\u00ed Minh, 2005, tr. 109. 2. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Sen, S\u0111d, tr. 109. 3. T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), Nxb. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, 1979, tr. 164. 146","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba (90% c\u00f9a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t, 80% c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c). Vai tr\u00f2 c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 10%, ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9: C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, d\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea5y. B\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00edt v\u1ed1n, thu l\u1eddi nhanh v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1' S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m 1958 1961 1963 1967 Bia v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt (tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt) 812.000 774.000 1.500.000 2.108.000 Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 (t\u1ea5n) 3.400 4.232 6.071 12.400 (650 t) \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p (h\u1ed9p) 2.800.000 3.453.000 4.767.000 Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p, n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 th\u00eam 2 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Hoa l\u00e0 \\\"Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ty\\\" (UNIPAC) thu\u00ea 500 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ty (DONA FOOD). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng 1. Ngu\u1ed3n: K \u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam 10 n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 - Ng\u1ee5y, 1971, tr. 185. NCLS s\u1ed1 7-2003, tr. 39. 147","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i nh\u1eadp'. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed9p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u1eefa b\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3, ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam ra \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty M\u1ef9, m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng ty s\u1eefa Foremost. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1965, chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn s\u1eefa t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eefa b\u1ed9t. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng nhanh qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m. N\u0103m 1965, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 25.766 th\u00f9ng (m\u1ed7i th\u00f9ng 48 h\u1ed9p). N\u0103m 1969, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean 874.814 th\u00f9ng. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 tr\u1edf \u0111i, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 bia t\u0103ng l\u00ean. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M \u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 (kho\u1ea3ng 1\/5) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \\\"qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ee5\\\", do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai sau ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965- 1966, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sa s\u00fat do M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 cho nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1ea3i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n N am , c\u1ea1nh tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi v\u1ea3i d\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i \u0111 \u1ecba 2. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169ng nhir khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ec7t ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Trong khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn th\u00ec c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. Chi c\u00f3 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt. 1. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, trong v\u00f2ng 3 n\u0103m (1967-1969), t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 h\u1ed9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00ean t\u1edbi 32.303 t\u1ea5n. 2. N\u0103m 1967, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 14.000 t\u1ea5n (g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965). 148"]
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