["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. \u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh: C \u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch \u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi \u0111\u1ee9ng sau c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ec7t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f9a ng\u00e0nh bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao su, nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t, s\u01a1n, m\u1ef1c in... Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p c\u00e1c m \u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, m\u00e1y may, xe g\u1eafn m\u00e1y, m\u00e1y thu thanh v\u00e0 m\u00e1y thu h\u00ecnh... \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 tr\u1edd \u0111i, khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn tranh gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 17,8%, \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai sau ng\u00e0nh d\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh. v\u1ec3 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u moi t\u01b0 h\u00e0n c\u00f9a m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. H\u1ec7 thong ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m: ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966 tr\u1edf \u0111i, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u00fat l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n m\u1edf th\u00eam ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt c\u00f9a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Neu n\u0103m 1954 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 10 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00ec trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1970, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 15 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u1edbi 56 chi nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam 149","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 l\u00ean 28 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng1, s \u1ed1 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vay t\u0103ng nhanh. Tinh h\u00ecnh t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n vay2 V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i S\u1ed1 t\u00edn dung Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 12 (t\u1ef7 VN\u0110) (1958=100) 6,8 1965 28,59 218 1966 26,04 919 1967 26,38 837 848 1968 T\u1eeb khi M\u1ef9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean tinh, li\u00ean qu\u1eadn, li\u00ean x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. N\u0103m 1956, \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 13.794 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. N\u0103m 1965 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 20.127 km. N\u0103m 1973, 20.930 km, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 6.751 km tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a noi li\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh pho, trung t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tri, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng phong ph\u00fa, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb 1965, khi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed5 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 chi h\u01a1n 2 t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Neu n\u0103m 1956, mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 1. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Sen, S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u00e1n \u1edb mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 139. 2. Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ng\u00f4n, Kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1974, tr. 77. 150","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., 15.513 xe h\u01a1i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 74.000 chi\u1ebfc, trong \u0111\u00f3 khu v\u1ef1c Nam B\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfm tr\u00ean 81% '. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 3 s\u00e2n bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, 15 s\u00e2n bay cho m\u00e1y bay v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c 130 l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1967, s\u1ed1 s\u00e2n bay v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u00e1ng l\u00ean 14, c\u00f2n s\u00e2n bay v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i cho c 130 l\u00e0 89. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng \u1ed3 \u1ea1t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh doanh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3 18 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, k\u00e9o theo l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edd M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m cho nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00f9a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u0103ng l\u00ean, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh doanh, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebfn c\u00f9a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1ef3 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn cho t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c gia: n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 10,4%, 1972 l\u00e0 18,8%... C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kinh doanh l\u1edbn hom r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1. V\u00f5 V\u0103n Sen, S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n c\u00f9a ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d! tr 120 121. 151","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 1960-1969, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 700 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee3, hi\u1ec7u bu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, kho ch\u1ee9a l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1968 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 33 kho ch\u1ee9a l\u00faa g\u1ea1o v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 200 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ebfn 9000 t\u1ea5n m\u1ed7i kho. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ng 12\/1973 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn 480 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt. v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Do M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tnrcmg khai th\u00e1c l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, cao su \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 M\u1ef9, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1965-1975. Quy m\u00f4 nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng t\u0103ng r\u1ea5t nhanh t\u1eeb 2.376 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la (1956-1966) len 7.549 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la (1965-1970). Tinh h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (1965-1969)' D\u01a1n v\u1ecb: tri\u1ec7u USD N\u0103m Nh\u1eadp Xu\u1ea5t Sai bi\u1ec7t T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp 1965 370,2 40,3 1966 653,1 25,2 (%) 1967 749,4 36,7 1968 668,7 41,3 -329,7 10,8 1969 853,3 33,0 -630,7 3,8 -711,7 4,8 -627,2 6,1 -820,2 3,9 1. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Tinh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam 1955-1975 qua c\u00e1c chi ti\u00eau th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, 1979, tr. 33. 152","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, t\u1eeb 603,8 tri\u1ec7u USD (1956-1964) xu\u1ed1ng 393,1 tri\u1ec7u USD (1965-1975). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1956-1964 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ee9c 25,4%, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1965-1975, t\u00fd l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 chi c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5,2%. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1960) c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00f9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung n\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trung n\u00f4ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ti\u1ebfp thu ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1975, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam (ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eebu Long \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeb d\u1ee5ng 17 v\u1ea1n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 1,2 tri\u1ec7u s\u1ee9c ng\u1ef1a, g\u1ed3m 3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, chi\u1ebfm 30% di\u1ec7n \u01afch gieo tr\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n quan t\u00e2m. Do ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n: m\u00e1y c\u00e0y tay, m\u00e1y b\u1eeba, thay cho s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u01b0 \u1edf \u0111i, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u'. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1 d\u1ea7n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c canh c\u00e2y l\u00faa, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u00f3i chung, Nam B\u1ed9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u00f9a m\u1ed9t c a c\u1ea5u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 to\u00e0n rli\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m c\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. N\u0103m 1968, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i chi\u1ebfm 29,49% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9n do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi I . Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), S\u0111d, tr. 103. 153","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n chinh, chuy\u00ean gia, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c: ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. S\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00f3 10 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u0103m 1955 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2,6 tri\u1ec7u; \u0110\u00e0 Nang - th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1968 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 60 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi'. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 t\u00ecn h ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a giai c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. Giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u00e0n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau thao t\u00fang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u00e2u t\u00f3m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ea5u v\u00e0 c\u00e1n th\u00e9p, xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ee3i, d\u1ec7t, kinh doanh l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 h\u01a1n 80% c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec7t, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, luy\u1ec7n kim, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t: th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n si 100%, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3n l\u1ebb 50%, xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u 90%. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi 80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam; l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 42 c\u00f4ng ty trong 60 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng 1. T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 102. 154","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn (tr\u00ean 1.000 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed7i n\u0103m) v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 2\/3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1edd nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00ean th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f9a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c. M \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng vua nh\u01b0 \\\"vua b\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdt\\\", \\\"vua s\u0103t th\u00e9p\\\", \\\"vua k\u1ebdm gai\\\", \\\"vua l\u00faa g\u1ea1o\\\"... T\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n chi ph\u1ed1i kinh t\u1ebf \u1edd c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n Nam g\u1ed3m 2 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n quan li\u00eau, qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0 s\u00e0n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c Hoa c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. T \u01b0 s\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u0169ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng \\\"vua\\\" trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa. Th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u00e0n quan li\u00eau qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t n\u1eafm nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. V\u00ec quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c do kh\u00f4ng chen ch\u00e2n n\u1ed5i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0nh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00ean th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. N\u0103m 1966 c\u00f3 69.584 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng; n\u0103m 1968 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 155","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 80.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 h\u00e3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u RMK - BRJ n\u0103m 1967 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 30.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s \u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u01b0ong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 88.345 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1964 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 113.646 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u0103m 1966. N\u0103m 1969, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 175.500 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3 i1. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh. N\u0103m 1964 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 7.600 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u0103m 1965: 51.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1966: 142.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968:145.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi2. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 cao su, b\u00f4ng... \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. N\u0103m 1958, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 51.500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u0103m 1966 c\u00f2n 26.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi3. Do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m \u00f3c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean. 1. T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 106-107. 2. T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 108. 3. Cao V\u0103n L\u01b0\u1ee3ng, C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc (1954-1975), Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1977, tr. 31. 156","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., Ngu\u1ed3n b\u1ed5 sung ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i di t\u1ea3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb th\u1ee3 th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng, d\u00e2n ngh\u00e8o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ec3u th\u00f9 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc sinh l\u00e0 con em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00ecn chung l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kh\u1ed5. Tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i\\\", c\u00f2n \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. So v\u1edbi th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c, th\u00f9 \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tinh vi h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. v \u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u0169 trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n sang, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u00e2ng. \u0110\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c cai tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o. Cho n\u00ean, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ee9 hai, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb con em \u0111\u1ea1i t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n m\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n, gi\u1edbi ch\u00f3p bu trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ee9 ba, xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u00f9a v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 4 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn: S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, c \u1ea7 n Th\u01a1, \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t. s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i (\u0111\u1ea1p xe x\u00edch l\u00f4, l\u00e1i xe lam ...) kho\u1ea3ng 20%; l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n th\u00fang, b\u00e1n m\u1eb9t 25% ; l\u00e0m trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 20%. s \u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m 157","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u1edd c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. b\u1ebfn xe, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng... . T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 60 tr\u1edf \u0111i, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng nhanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eafm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 70, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng - t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n sang kinh doanh c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh - m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kinh doanh \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn nhanh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00e0y thu\u00ea cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp do kinh doanh m\u00e1y k\u00e9o chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 70% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n2. Ngo\u00e0i kinh doanh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi kinh doanh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, cho v a y ... v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: Ke t\u1eeb khi x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n lu\u00f4n \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. M\u1ef9 xem gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi vong b\u1ea3n, ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng, s\u1ee3 M\u1ef9, ph\u1ee5c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Nen gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3u M \u1ef9 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u0103m 1964, M \u1ef9 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam). 1. T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr 103. 2. Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu \u0110\u00ednh, Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111oi v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u giai cap \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long (1969-1975), Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n PTS Khoa h\u1ecdc L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1983, tr. 132. 158","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., T\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169 c\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 12 n\u0103m ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9i thi c\u1eeb c\u0169 c\u00f9a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965-1968, M \u1ef9 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trung h\u1ecdc t\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p, so\u1ea1n th\u00e0o s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa m\u1edbi. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1968, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang theo ki\u1ec3u M\u1ef9. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Neu t\u00ednh m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965-1973, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 10 l\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u0103ng 40 l\u1ea7n, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng 14 l\u1ea7 n 1. X \u00e9t ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt, v\u0103n khoa, y khoa r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 60, do nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng hu\u1ea5n ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. Trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1975, mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n \u1edd nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf \u00edt, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n th\u1ea5p, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 ch\u1eef chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967-1968 v\u00f9ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 7.241 tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi 47.470 l\u1edbp, 2.577.227 h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1eadc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, 1. \u0110\u1eb7ng Phong, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II (1955-1975), Nxb. KHXH, H. 2005, tr. 947. 159","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 32.393 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h \u1ecd c 1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u00e0m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hoa K\u1ef3 qua s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n l\u00ednh vi\u1ec5n chinh Hoa K\u1ef3 - nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng. v \u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c do M\u1ef9 g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f4ng chi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u giai c \u1ea5 p ... \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ea1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng. v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a: M \u1ef9 cho du nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. S\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, phim \u1ea3nh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m ... tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hoa K\u1ef3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp kh\u00e1 nhanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. T\u00ednh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ed5ng g\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n lan truy\u1ec1n nhanh trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean. G\u00e1i l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n coi \u01b0\u1ecdng n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, y\u00eau t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ch\u1ed5ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m. C\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7u trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng: V\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean khu 1. Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n) - Nha T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, Vi\u1ec7t Nam ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1967-1968, tr. 67. 160","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, Li\u00ean khu IV, Li\u00ean khu V, T\u00e2y Nam B \u1ed9 ... Nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \\\"v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng\\\" \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec c\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u00eau l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng khai v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai b\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f2ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f2ng th\u00ea ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, do v\u1eabn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn chia mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u00e0nh 3 v\u00f9ng: v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ta l\u00e0m chu. Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh 3 v\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh 3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00f9a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng1. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: 1. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n Nam trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm hay v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 2. V\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tranh ch\u1ea5p: Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1eb1ng co, tranh ch\u1ea5p. C\u00f3 n\u01a1i, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. 3. V\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba: l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u00fa. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1eebng v\u00e0 n\u00fai. D\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, thu\u1eddng n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edb v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ea7m l\u1ea7y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1p ranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n. X ung quanh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 do d\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960, sau khi \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u00fac v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110en cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1962, s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n do ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 6,315 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, r\u1eebng n\u00fai \u1edf Nam - B\u1eafc 1. D\u1ea7n theo \u0110\u1eb7ng Phong, Nxb. KHXH, H. 2005, tr. 983. 161","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, g\u1ea7n 90% s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 25% s\u1ed1 th\u00f4n \u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Khu V \u0111\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ta1. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1963, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00ean t\u1edbi 27 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9cta. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 1.109 x\u00e3\/1.322 x\u00e3, chi\u1ebfm 85%. Khu V c\u00f3 542 th\u00f4n\/2.361 th\u00f4n, chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 25%. Khu VI, khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p chi c\u00f3 9 x\u00e3 v\u00e0 5 th\u00f4n, ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu \u1edd B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng xen k\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt tr\u1ed9i. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u0169ng n\u0103m 1965-1968, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1964, song v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n xa c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn sau cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1968, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n l\u00e0 5.144.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 12 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 43%. Neu t\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tranh ch\u1ea5p, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c 2.100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 hai v\u00f9ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd 60% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Khu V c\u00f3 1.624.000 d\u00e2n, Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 180.000 d\u00e2n, Khu VI c\u00f3 125.000 d\u00e2n, Khu VII - \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Nam B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 1.200.000 d\u00e2n, Khu VIII c\u00f3 1.500.000 d\u00e2n, Khu IX co 1.500.000 d\u00e2n, khu S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn c\u00f3 95.000 d\u00e2ii2. V\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do \u0111\u1ecbch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 cung, t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p. 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 y ban Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00ednh ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng gi\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng 1962-1963, Ban Thong nh\u1ea5t Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 254, tr. 33. 2. S\u0111d, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 s\u1ed1 352. 162","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ef1c.., Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00f3i chung tuy t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m chung l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n bao v\u00e2y, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u00e0m cho kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm c\u00f9a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n - M\u00e1c Namara, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\", ch\u00fang m\u01b0u toan ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a ta gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 binh, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp oanh t\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, mang m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u00e0, c\u01b0\u1edbp ph\u00e1 l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, r\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e2y r\u1eebng n\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eaby v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3m 1970, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 h\u01a1n 800.000 h\u00e9c ta l\u00faa v\u00e0 hoa m\u00e0u, h\u01a1n 30.000 h\u00e9c ta cao su, 2\/3 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m u Minh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, 50% r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1edbc N\u0103m C\u0103n b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. H\u01a1n 100.000 h\u00e9c ta b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm l\u00e0m s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 1. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tuy v\u1eabn r\u1ed9ng (40% \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai) nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0a d\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \\\"v\u00f9ng tr\u1eafng\\\" nh\u01b0 C\u00f9 Chi. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa nhung v\u00ec bom \u0111\u1ea1n n\u00ean ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb hoang h\u00f3a, tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 t\u1edbi 2\/3 r\u1eebng tr\u00e0m \u01af Minh v\u1eeba b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t v\u1eeba h\u1ecb ch \u00e2t \u0111\u1ed9 c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc hi\u00ecy Hi\u1ec7t, 50 % r\u1eed ng \u0111 u \u00f4 c N \u1eabm C \u0103n b\u1ecb ch \u00e1 y v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y... B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh. M \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1eaft, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tho\u00e1t ly ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Tinh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c k\u00e9o v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam - \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng). 1. L\u00e2m Quang Huy\u00ean, C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1997, tr. 115 163","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. N\u0103m 1965, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c ch\u00fa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chia ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n theo tinh th\u1ea7n m\u1edbi, c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7t gian th\u00ec khi l\u1ea5y ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd chia cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0103n theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. V\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n canh t\u00e1c tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 hoa l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadp cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Nh\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean n\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng 15 n\u0103m, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sau: N\u0103m 1954 kho\u1ea3ng 1,5 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9c ta trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 3 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9c ta di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c to\u00e0n Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng chia c\u1ea5p cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110en n\u0103m 1959-1960 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 750.000 h\u00e9c ta. N\u0103m 1965 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng chia 2,1 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9c ta, chi\u1ebfm 70% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. P h\u1ee5c h o i v\u00e0 p h \u00e1 t tri\u1ec3n th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: Nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd v\u00e0o chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c mua s\u1eafm t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 th\u00fa c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7: r\u00e8n, gi\u1ea5y, d\u1ec7t, tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u, d\u1ec7t g\u1ea5m, ch\u1ebf bi\u00e9n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m ... Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. v\u1ec1 thir\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p: Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bao v\u00e2y kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba. L\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng thi\u1ebfu g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Cho n\u00ean, l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eabn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau \u0111\u00e2y: 164","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a mua t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee3 v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i, mua h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a mua t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfm 70-80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh khu V v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Nam B\u1ed9. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong v\u00f9ng, m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c doanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u1edd nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u1eb1m thu mua, trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch mua b\u00e1n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c doanh ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai Khu V. N\u0103m 1968, m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 23,2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nhu y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i D\u00e2n - Ch\u00ednh - \u0110\u00e0ng 67%, cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai 4%. Ngu\u1ed3n thu t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o 2 ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. N\u0103m 1965 th\u00ec s\u1ed1 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 655 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 11 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, chi\u1ebfm 44% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch M i\u1ec1n1. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Mi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb 1.494 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 5.827 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1968, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 582.700 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c. Chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m 1968 cho mi\u1ec1n Nam (ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 Khu V) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 30 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la, b\u1eb1ng 272% s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng chi vi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1965 (11 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la) v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p tr\u00ean 128 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng chi vi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 19602. \u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb thu\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u0103m 1966, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ea3ng Nam l\u00e0 1. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995, tr. 330-331. 2. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, S\u0111\u0111, tr. 336. 165","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 37 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm 28 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng'. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd hon d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 theo m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u thu l\u0169y ti\u1ebfn to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu ho\u1ea1ch \u00edt \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u00edt2. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0\u1edbi 100kg th\u00f3c tr\u1edf l\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p theo m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u thu 16 b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 6% v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 30%. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966 tr\u1edf \u0111i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00f9ng \u1edf r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, \u1edf khu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 u Minh (mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9) th\u00ec v\u1eabn n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng th\u00f3c. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, \u01b0ong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1966, 1967, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh thu c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n thu \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964. To\u00e0n M i\u1ec1n (tr\u1eeb khu V) n\u0103m 1966 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 185.820 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1967 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 230.600 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c3. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh \u1edd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 thu n\u1ed9p. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd khoa h\u1ecdc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1edd nh\u0169ng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng vay \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. 1. H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 352, S\u0111d, tr. 10. 2. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, S\u0111d, tr. 328. 3. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, S\u0111d, tr. 328. 166","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y do c\u01a1 quan kho b\u1ea1c (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n t\u00edn) ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ta c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 ngay c\u1ea3 trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965, do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, chia c\u1eaft v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u00ean Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4la ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t. Ban Kinh - T\u00e0i Mi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i ra 2 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n Riel Cam puchia \u0111\u1ec3 chi ti\u00eau cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu mua t\u1eeb hai n\u01a1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 Campuchia. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4la ra Riel Cam puchia v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c chi \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Ban Kinh - T\u00e0i Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh v\u1ec1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ban Kinh - T\u00e0i Mi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Ban Kinh - T\u00e0i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4la v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 thu mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ti\u1ec1n m \u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t do \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee5t gi\u00e1'. V\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c: \u0110e \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 do nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-1962, Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam (g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c M i\u1ec1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. V\u00e0, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u ban gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khu, tinh, huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u1ede c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 c\u00f3 1. B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 2, S\u0111d, tr. 346-347. 167","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c x\u00e3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chi \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1961-1968 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gay go, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1964, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp g\u1ed3m 100 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb Ben H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e0 Mau v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u00e3n gian kh\u1ed5 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129, thanh ni\u00ean, c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em. Nh\u1edd n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng, trong 21 n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \\\"th\u00e3ng tr\u1ea7m\\\" nhung \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5 (x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n). \u0110e \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u00f9a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966-1967, Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh: Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u1ee5, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chung cho to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u1edf c\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a khu, huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 168","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"D\u00e2n b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u00e1m d\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean b\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00f3p\\\", nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, theo d\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c ra v\u00f9ng ven, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i d\u00e2n t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang cho con em \u0111i h\u1ecdc, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u00e1nh bom \u0111\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed trong nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ea7m, ven k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch, tr\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n... C\u00f3 n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc ban ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc ban \u0111\u00eam. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i 5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc cho h\u1ecdc sinh. C\u00f3 n\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m m\u1edf l\u1edbp b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ch\u00f9 ch\u1ed1t, cho thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f4ng - n\u00f4ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u00f9 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 65.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a. T\u1ec9nh liy M\u1ef9 Tho c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u00ed th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 b\u00ed th\u01b0 x\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5 t\u00fac. T\u1ea1i huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n, t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, n\u01a1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp b\u1ed5 t\u00fac trong n\u0103m 1967. Nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng Nam x\u00f3a n\u1ea1n m\u00f9 ch\u1eef trong n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967-1968, ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a \u1eccu\u1ea3ng Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1i Kon Tum \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf 417 l\u1edbp v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 3.600 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean. Ri\u00eang tinh B\u1ebfn Tre c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1.140 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc x\u00f3a m\u00f9 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, du k\u00edch v\u00e0 nam n\u1eeb thanh ni\u00ean. \u0110en \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, ta m \u1edd tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Kinh C\u00e1i Gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t cao. Mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i v\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, 169","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, trung h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean khoa, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m trung c\u1ea5p T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o sinh ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng. M \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i tr\u00fa cho h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng m\u1edf th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00ea V\u0103n T\u00e1m, Samaki cho con em ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01a1me; R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh; C\u00e0 Mau c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ninh B\u00ecnh; V\u0129nh Long c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng V\u0103n Li\u1ec7t; Tr\u00e0 Vinh m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00e0 Vinh; c \u1ea7 n Th\u01a1 m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4. Trung b\u00ecnh khi m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 4-5 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 m\u1ea5y n\u0103m sau l\u00ean 7-8 l\u1edbp. \u0110en n\u0103m 1966, c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00fd T\u1ef1 Tr\u1ecdng, Ninh B\u00ecnh, T\u00e2y \u0110 \u00f4 ... \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cap II. Trong n\u0103m 1966-1967, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edd mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y Nam B\u1ed9, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p I ho\u00e0n chinh (t\u1eeb l\u1edbp 1 cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbp 4 h\u1ec7 10 n\u0103m) v\u00e0 60% huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cap II. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng cap II ho\u00e0n chinh, thu h\u00fat h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft con em trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn con em v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng'. D\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, nhung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u0129 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u00ean 10.000 em nh\u01b0 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i c\u00f3 14.000 h\u1ecdc sinh; B\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng Nam c\u00f3 12.000 h\u1ecdc sinh; C\u1eebu Long, Ben Tre m\u1ed7i tinh c\u00f3 16.000 h\u1ecdc sinh; Tr\u00e0 Vinh c\u00f3 22.688 h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1ea1i C\u1ee7 Chi, Tr\u00e0ng B\u00e0ng, H\u1eadu Ngh\u0129a - n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 6.000 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tnr\u00f2mg. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. N\u0103m 1963, l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc cho gi\u00e1o sinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u1edf T\u00e2n Bi\u00ean, T\u00e2y Ninh. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. Th\u00e1ng 7-1967, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea5p II c\u1ee7a Khu 8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u1edf 1. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edb mi\u1ec1n Nam giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1954-1975 - Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, S\u0111d, tr. 69-71. 170","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. x\u00e3 Th\u00e0nh Th\u1edbi, huy\u1ec7n M\u1ecf C\u00e0y, tinh Ben Tre v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 60 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean. T\u1ea1i Khu V m\u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m Mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai Khu V. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967- 1968 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tinh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean cap I, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c Khu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m cap II. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ng\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed1n v\u1ea7n Kh\u01a1me do Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1 bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 con em Kh\u01a1me \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 ch\u1eef Raklay. \u1ede Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i so\u1ea1n ra ch\u1eef K\u2019hor, ch\u1eef R \u00e9... B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u ban Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eb1m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh chung trong to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1962. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cap II v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 xung phong tham gia qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. M \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u00edt hom \u1edf l\u1ea1i tham gia c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, r\u1ed3i bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn gay go, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1eef m \u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho con em lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i lai v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cung c\u1ea5p s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 phim \u1ea3nh cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 trong v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, y\u00eau t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, 171","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 y\u00eau lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tay sai. Nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tinh th\u1ea7n anh d\u0169ng trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau ng\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. III. B\u01af\u1edaC \u0110\u00c0U \u0110\u00c1NH TH\u1ea2NG CHI\u00c9N L\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"CHI\u00c9N TRANH C\u1ee4C B \u1ed9\\\" C\u1ee6A M\u1ef8 1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Sau khi qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham chi\u1ebfn, chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \\\"\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\" sang \\\"c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 11 (1965) v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 (12-1965), \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi c\u00f9a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m \u1edbi, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m \u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ba m\u0169i gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng. Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng hom n\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tranh th\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra \u00e1c li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng 172","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, nay th\u00eam c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a 7 n\u01b0\u1edbc: Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c), Th\u00e1i Lan, Phil\u00edppin, Niu Dil\u00e2n, \u00d4xtr\u00e2ylia, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u01b0ng, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf thua, th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, theo m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0m c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a theo l\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n c\u0169. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n trinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u k\u00e9m l\u1ea1i \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf thua, th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t phi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u01afanh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf hai mi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, l\u00e0m t\u1ea3ng th\u00eam ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda c\u0103m th\u00f9 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u00ea nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai mi\u1ec1n trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf th\u1eafng, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: \\\"M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u00f4c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n vi\u00ean chinh, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. Tuy cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay go, \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103c ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00ea gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e0nh the ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u tnr\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch \\\" 1. 1. \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u00e1n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 26, S\u0111d, tr. 633. 173","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed \\\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do\\\", \\\"Quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u anh d\u0169ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam - B\u1eafc m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3m, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3-1964, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, g\u1ed3m 300 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc l\u00e3o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thi \u0111ua to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ecdc b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5: \\\"M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng thua, c\u00e0ng thua c\u00e0ng b\u00ed. T\u1ed9i \u00e1c t\u00e0y tr\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u0103n minh s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i c\u0103m gi\u1eadn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 14 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ta v\u00ec m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y ru\u1ed9t m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n Nam anh d\u0169ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\\\". Tin t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u1edd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ed7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u0103ng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \\\"H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Di\u00ean H\u1ed3ng\\\" c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ebfn H\u00e8 - Thu 1965, M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec3n khai chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh v\u00e0o tham chi\u1ebfn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t, v\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \\\"Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd hom \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do\\\" quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \\\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt\\\" nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5y l\u00ean, thu 174","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, ng\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, t\u1eeb bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Ba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\\\", ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang\\\", n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Tay c\u00e0y, tay s\u00fang\\\", c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Tay b\u00faa, tay s\u00fang\\\"... \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \\\"T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\". Do v\u1eady, trong kh\u00f3i l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1n bom kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nao n\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh s\u01a1 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, v\u1eabn v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, v\u1eeba s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi vi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n N am ... Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed3ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 binh v\u1eadn; v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh, v\u1eeba chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9, l\u00e0ng, x\u00e3, \u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng... chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D \u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng m icn N am V i\u1ec7t N am c\u0169ng ra tuycn b\u00f4 ncu r\u00f5: \\\"Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng v\u0169 kh\u00ed khi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trung l\u1eadp ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn tay sai v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\\\"1. 1. Nh\u1eefng v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu c\u00f9a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u00e3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ebfn Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u1eeb 11-1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 12-1965), Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H. 1986, tr. 12. 175","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u, qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ng\u00e0y 16-5-1965, Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd s\u00e2n bay B i\u00ean H\u00f2a ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 11 m\u00e1y bay B57 v\u00e0 4 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m 25 m\u00e1y bay kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, di\u1ec7t 21 t\u00ean M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng 64 t\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nam B\u1ed9, Khu \u1ee7y khu V \u0111\u00e3 chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00eam 26-5-1965, t\u1ea1i N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i 2 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 70 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean hai m\u1ecfm \u0111\u1ed3i 49, 50 c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh. Sau hom 1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00ednh M \u1ef9, lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 140 t\u00ean, thu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. L\u00e1 c\u1edd Quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c do \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam trao cho \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd xu\u1ea5t k\u00edch \u0111\u00e3 tung bay \u01b0\u00ean N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh. Tr\u1eadn N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed to l\u1edbn trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chicn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7 a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n V i\u1ec7t N am , l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2u bicu th\u1ecb \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 th\u1eafng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"T\u00ecm M \u1ef9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh, g\u1eb7p M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\", \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng Khu V ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m i\u1ec1n N am ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn: mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nam B\u1ed9 v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. 176","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. Ng\u00e0y 18-8-1965, Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 du k\u00edch V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng (Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 g\u1ed3m 5 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9, 1 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe l\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 150 m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng, 70 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u00e0n l\u1ef1c, 6 t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 5 ph\u00e1o h\u1ea1m. Trong hai ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u (16 v\u00e0 17-8), ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng 900 t\u00ean (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 4 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t g\u1ecdn), b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 13 m \u00e1y bay, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 22 xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u oanh li\u1ec7t gi\u00e1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u00e8 b\u1eb9p m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n nh\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 binh, h\u00f2a l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M \u1ef9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 h\u1ea3i, l\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f2n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \\\"\u00c1p B\u1eafc\\\" \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u1eadn \u00c1p B\u1eafc (1-1963) \u0111\u00e3 m \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \\\"cao tr\u00e0o di\u1ec7t ng\u1ee5y\\\" th\u00ec tr\u1eadn V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho \\\"cao tr\u00e0o di\u1ec7t M\u1ef9\\\" \u01b0\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1eeb sau tr\u1eadn V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \\\"t\u00ecm M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\", \\\"n\u1eafm th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh\\\" \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1eeb khu V d\u00e9n Nam t\u00ed\u1ed9. Phong trao thi \u0111ua \u01b0\u1edb thanh \\\"d\u00f9ng s\u1ec9 di\u1ec7t M \u1ef9\u201d v\u00e0 \\\"\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t M\u1ef9\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5y l\u00ean s\u00f4i n\u1ed3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Sau tr\u1eadn th\u1eafng \u1edd V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edf Thu\u1eadn Ninh (18-9), C\u00e1t S\u01a1n, C\u00e1t Hi\u1ec7p (10 v\u00e0 14-10) thu\u1ed9c tinh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh; b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o v\u00e0o s\u00e2n bay \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng, Chu Lai (24-10), ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng 163 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean M\u1ef9. T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 19-10-1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 26-11-1965, Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean m \u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng Pl\u00e2yme, c\u00e1ch th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Pl\u00e2ycu kho\u1ea3ng 300km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam, kh\u00f4ng gian chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch 177","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 di\u1ec5n ra trong t\u1ee9 gi\u00e1c Pl\u00e2yme - B\u1ea7u C\u1ea1n - \u0110\u1ee9c C\u01a1 - Pl\u00e2yth\u00ea thu\u1ed9c 5 huy\u1ec7n, nay l\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n Ch\u01b0 Pr\u00f4ng v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch 1.200km2. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1nh, hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch do m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1eef, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t T\u00e2y Nam th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Pl\u00e2ycu v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n 2. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e2n ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, k\u00e9o M\u1ef9 ra \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u; n\u1ebfu qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ra th\u00ec c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh M \u1ef9 c\u00f9a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ta. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M \u1ef9 tham gia trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Pl\u00e2yme - la \u0110r\u0103ng l\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ef5 binh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn s\u1ed1 1 (g\u1ed3m 9 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1o binh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n chi vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh). Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y k\u00edn, ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, t\u1eadp k\u00edch, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh cho qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 89 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 2\/7, \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i Ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 1\/2 k\u1ef5 binh M\u1ef9, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i, ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng 59 m\u00e1y bay l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng. Ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh la \u0110r\u0103ng c\u00f3 824 l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi N\u00fai Th\u00e0nh, V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng, chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Pl\u00e2yme - Ia \u0110r\u0103ng ch\u1ee9ng minh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh M \u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Trong n\u0103m 1965, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 ngay t\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a 10 v\u1ea1n 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1954-1975, t\u1eadp IV, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh \u01b0 \u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1999, tr. 53. 178","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn B\u00ecnh S\u01a1n, S\u01a1n B\u1eadt, M\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1ed5 (Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i) \u0111\u00f2i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00f2i M\u1ef9 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, kh\u00f9ng b\u1ed1... c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f9a h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng ph\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft thanh ni\u00ean l\u00e0m bia \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea1n... Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1eafng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh trong tr\u1eadn V\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hai cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1 (1965-1966) v\u00e0 m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 2 (1966-1967) c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. 2. \u0110\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u00f4ng - Xu\u00e2n 1965-1966, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1965, c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p r\u00fat t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n 1965, qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, nh\u01b0ng B\u1ed9 Chi huy M\u1ef9 cho r\u0103ng v\u00ec m \u00f9a mira \u1ea3 x\u1ee9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3i, ch\u0103ng ch\u1ecbt s\u00f4ng, su\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u00f3c ch\u1ea3y xi\u1ebft, r\u1eebng r\u1eadm, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f9a binh kh\u00ed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00f9a kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n, l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, ph\u00e1o binh v\u00e0 xe t\u0103ng. \u00c2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 du k\u00edch, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m do qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch\\\". \u00c2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng O\u00e9tmolen c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec3m: 179","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 - Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn. - B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ta. - \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ng\u1ee5y qu\u00e2n, ng\u1ee5y quy\u1ec1n. - Khai th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1edbi nhau. - \u0110\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2 trung \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 5 c\u00f9ng B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n; L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 1 v\u00e0 4 c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh 25; T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 7; Phi \u0111o\u00e0n bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch 14 v\u00e0 315 (3-1966); Phi \u0111o\u00e0n trinh s\u00e1t 460 (2-1966)... Trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, M \u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 72 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 18 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 g\u1ed3m 14 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, 9 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9, h\u01a1n 1.000 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, 1.342 xe t\u0103ng, xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p, 2.288 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, 541 t\u00e0u xu\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u'. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965-1966, v\u1edbi i\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 720.000 qu\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh g\u1ea7n 220.000, M\u1ef9 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eb1m \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"bc g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng\\\" \u1edf c\u1ea3 Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nam Trung B\u1ed9. Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1-1966 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 4 th\u00e1ng, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 450 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 5 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" then ch\u1ed1t, nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o hai h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng khu V v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"b\u1ebb g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng\\\", gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1eef\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1954-1975, t\u1eadp 4. Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1999, tr. 72, 73. 180","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ta, th\u00e1ng 10-1966, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i chung c\u00f9a hai mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho n\u0103m 1966-1967, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn, m\u1edd ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi \u0111au tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f9a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: \\\"M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, M \u1ef9 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n Nam, chia c\u1eaft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Do v\u1eady, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn c\u00f9a ch\u00fang, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u1ebf ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a ta, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfp theo, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\"'. v \u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9u tranh, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u00fa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \\\"\u0110\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ba m\u0169i gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"trong khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao\\\"2. C\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10-1966, t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II (1954-1975): \\\"Ngh\u1ecb quy\u00eat B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u00e1ng 10-1966\\\", Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1995, tr. 330-331. 2. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. 181","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tranh du k\u00edch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u1edbi th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u1edbng, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh \u1edf C\u1ee7 Chi (trong hai \u0111\u1ee3t, th\u00e1ng 1 v\u00e0 2-1966), \u1edf B\u1eafc B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh (t\u1eeb 28-1 \u0111\u1ebfn 7-3-1966)..., c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta c\u00f2n b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o, t\u1eadp k\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay, nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n bay Chu Lai, T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t, Ph\u00fa L \u1ee3i..., v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, nh\u01b0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecf - B\u00f4ng Trang (Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t) th\u00e1ng 2-1966... ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Victoria ng\u00e0y 1-4-1966, di\u1ec7t 200 s\u0129 quan M\u1ef9. Trong 4 th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965-1966, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 104.000 t\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 42.500 l\u00ednh M\u1ef9, 3.500 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n M\u1ef9, b\u1eafn roi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 1.430 m\u00e1y bay, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 600 xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p, 1.310 \u00f4 t\u00f4, 80 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o, 27 t\u00e0u. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eafn r\u01a1i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u00e1y bay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u phi c\u00f4ng M\u1ef9, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, s\u01a1 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u00e1ng 6-1966, qu\u00e2n ta m\u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 - B\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb \u1edf Nam gi\u1edbi tuy\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 giam ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 M \u1ef9 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n l\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n 182","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ef1c.. k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ra mi\u1ec1n Nam khu IV. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ngay t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u00f9a ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng\\\" b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, l\u00e0m cho m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau th\u00eam tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0110\u00f4ng xu\u00e2n 1966-1967, \u0111\u1ea3nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10-1966 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4-1967) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \\\"m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng...\\\", nh\u01b0ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Tham m\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng Li\u00ean qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 th\u00ec \\\"ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea\\\". Sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00eam l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai vao mua kh\u00f2 1900-1907. \u00dd \u0111\u00f2 c\u00f9a M\u1ef3 trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1n c\u00f2ng nay l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh nh\u0169mg th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 5 h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai an ninh quanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean. L\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \\\"ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\", \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 183","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam hai S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh s\u1ed1 1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 9, n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean 389.000 t\u00ean v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12-1966. M \u1ef9 c\u00f2n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00ean 459.000 t\u00ean cho n\u0103m 1967, nh\u01b0ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 8-1967, M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f9 t\u00ednh t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n l\u00ean 542.588 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1967\u1eb5. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 389.000 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, 54.000 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 trong tay 20 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, 10 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n, trung \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh v\u00e0 binh ch\u1ee7ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, M \u1ef9 c\u00f2n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng hai t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 1\/3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb n\u00e3m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, c\u00e1c phi c\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom xu\u1ed1ng Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 bom n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e9m bom tr\u00e0 \u0111\u0169a \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m t\u00ecnh nghi c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u theo ki\u1ec3u \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t\\\"2. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Gianx\u01a1n Xiti, M \u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1ed3m 7 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh, 2 chi\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n (t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 45.000 qu\u00e2n, 1.000 xe t\u0103ng, xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p, xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi) bao v\u00e2y, c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0i 35 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, r\u1ed9ng 25 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1, h\u00f2ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn (Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c, B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, \u1ee7 y bail Trung \u01b0\u01b0iig M\u1eb7t u\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Iiii\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng; ph\u00e1 kho t\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef; l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, chia c\u1eaft v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t ph\u00e1 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn; phong t\u1ecfa bi\u00ean g i\u1edb i... V\u1edbi 895 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n then ch\u1ed1t, v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, 1. D\u1ea7n theo: Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1954-1975, t\u1eadp IV, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, 1999, tr. 204. 2. George c. Henrring, Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e0 i ng\u00e0y c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1950-1975), Nxb. C\u00f4ng an Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, 2004, tr. 255. 184","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t qu\u00e2n ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1ea1o b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u00c1tt\u01a1nbor\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn khu D\u01b0\u01a1ng Minh Ch\u00e2u (tinh T\u00e2y Ninh) th\u00e1ng 11-1966, v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 3 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n), cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Xe\u0111aph\u00f4n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \\\"tam gi\u00e1c s\u1eaft\\\" (Tr\u1ea3ng B\u1ea3ng - Ben S\u00fac - C\u1ee7 Chi) th\u00e1ng 1-1967, v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n M \u1ef9 c\u00f9ng 3 chi\u1ebfn \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Gianx\u01a1n Xiti \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc T\u00e2y Ninh, s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Campuchia, l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 2 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4-1967. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng tru\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn lao. Th\u00e1ng 1-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: N\u0103m 1967 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta. \u0110\u1ecbch s\u1ebd ra s\u1ee9c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh nhanh th\u1eafng nhanh, ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eadt, t\u1ea1o th\u1eddi c\u01a1 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0: \\\"\u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam, ra s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9a b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng th\u1ebf ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea3o ton v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a ta. t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chi\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh thang \u0111\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede mi\u1ec1ti B\u1eafc, ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111au, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, ra s\u1ee9c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 m \u1edb r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0nh lang, b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u00ean Nam 185","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u00e0 L\u00e0o, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chu\u1ea9n b \u1ecb v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0 \u1eddn g h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang \u0111o b\u1ed9 ra ph\u00eda Nam khu IV c\u0169, chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng trung, h\u1ea1 L\u00e0o; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh thang \u0111\u1ecbch trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\" . v \u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \\\"\u0110\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ba m\u0169i gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng\u201d. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965- 1966 v\u00e0 khi qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 2, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf ngay trong th\u00e1ng 6-1966 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 - B\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01af\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c ra ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 (Att\u01a1nbor\u01a1, Xi\u0111aph\u00f4n v\u00e0 Gianx\u01a1n Xiti) l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 trong \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n m\u1edd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tr\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ba cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tan. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Gianx\u01a1n Xiti l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t: 8.300 qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00ednh M\u1ef9, b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, 692 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, 119 m\u00e1y bay b\u1ecb b\u1eafn roi. Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n Gianx\u01a1n Xiti \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 2 (1966-1967). 1. \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 28, S\u0111d, tr. 151-152. 186","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng hai bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1966-1967, l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, gi\u1eb1ng co gay g\u1eaft gi\u1eefa m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ta, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, trong khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u00fan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fang t\u00fang. V\u1edbi thang l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. T\u00ednh chung trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 175.000 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch (c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u00ednh M\u1ef9, l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u00ea, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng 49 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 1.800 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng 1.783 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, 340 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 100 xu\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ecfng 270 c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf'. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh \u1edf con s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho hai cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Num c\u00f2n gi\u00f9nh nhi\u00eau th\u0103ng l\u1ee3i trcn m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2u \u01b0anh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u01a1 h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1ch k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb b\u1ecdn \u00e1c \u00f4n, ph\u00e1 t\u1eebng m\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn \\\"\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\", gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng \\\"\u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u00f3c d\u00e0i\\\" \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn t\u00edch trong \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\\\", nay sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to l\u1edbn. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1954-1975, t\u1eadp IV, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, 1999, tr. 260-261. 187","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam, giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u00e1c binh s\u0129 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00f2i qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f2i c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n sinh. Phong tr\u00e0o di\u1ec5n ra kh\u00e1 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y 10-3-1966, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c phe ph\u00e1i trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, khi Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00e1nh Thi - T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n 1, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Trung, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Ng\u00e0y 19-3-1966, T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf c\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc hay c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0110\u00e0 Nang \u0111\u00e3 tham gia h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, \\\"L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0 gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c ban l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"tranh th\u1ee7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\\\" trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 l\u00e1i xe, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh, c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f9a ta l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng khai. \u1eccu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady chi\u1ebfm \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh Hu\u1ebf (23-3-1966), \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng (24-3-1966), \u0110\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh H\u1ed9i An (26-3-1966) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1edf kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3-1966 tr\u1edf \u0111i, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf - \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, b\u00e3i th\u1ecb n\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ng\u00e0y 30-3-1966 c\u00f9a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0110 \u00e0 N\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n 100.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 Nang, 188","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00f2ng th\u00f4ng tin M\u1ef9, ph\u00e1 l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. Ng\u00e0y 4-4-1966, Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ra \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng, h\u00f2ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft phong tr\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00edt qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110 \u00e0 N \u1eb1ng v\u00e0 H u\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 lan nhanh, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ng\u00e0y 21-6-1966, 7.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e3ng RMK - BRJ t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e2n bay Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9 h\u00e3ng. \u0110en ng\u00e0y 24-6-1966, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 15.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edd nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 1.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Philippin v\u00e0 Nam T ri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean (H\u00e0n Q u\u1ed1c) l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i h\u00e3ng RMK - BRJ \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n 10 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, ng\u00e0y 27-6- 1966, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 Cab\u1ed1tl\u1ed1t, t\u01b0\u1edbng O\u00e9tmolen v\u00e0 ch\u00f9 th\u1ea7u h\u00e3ng RMK - BRJ ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau s\u00e1ch t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1-1968, '4 soo c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, ntr\u00e1c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Do b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7n. Sau khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef hai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng. H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u00e0y 12-1-1968 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea3ng S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng. M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb 189","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1c v\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y 13-1-1968, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u00f9ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ed1c v\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ec7nh, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y 15-1-1968, 5.700 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e1i xe, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 16-1-1968, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 17.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, nh\u1eadn t\u0103ng 12% l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9-1967. Cao tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam: Vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m th\u00f4 b\u1ea1o ch\u00f9 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u00e0m khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngay trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M \u1ef9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u0103m 1966, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng vang d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u00e0n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111au tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng. \u1ede S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed..., c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 117 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed, c\u00e1c tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 tham gia 190","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ef1c.. t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tai h\u1ea1i c\u00f9a v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 cao v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. Th\u00e1ng 4-1966, 70 v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ra Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n l\u00ean \u00e1n n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 lai c\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3i tr\u1ee5y, phim \u1ea3nh, t\u00e2n nh\u1ea1c, ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n thanh thi\u1ebfu n i\u00ean ... V\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kh\u00f4ng chi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ecb em ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1eed y ban nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u00e3n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c, ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3-1966, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i U\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fang h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p V\u1edaI phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 Nang. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e0 m\u00edt tinh, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng, b\u00e3i ch\u1ee3, b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 6 \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. Ng\u00e0y 7-4-1966, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 l\u1ec7nh gi\u1edbi nghi\u00eam, t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00f2i Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh n\u00e9m \u0111u\u1ed1c v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, t\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh, h\u1ea1 c\u00e2y, l\u00e1i xe c\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ef1ng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o gi\u1eefa ph\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda ch\u1eb7n \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u00e0 binh... Nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0y 191","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng 1-5-1966, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf T\u1ed5ng Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i \u0111i v\u00e0o trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M \u1ef9 h\u00f4 vang c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \\\"Ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p kh\u00f9ng b\u1ed1\u201d, \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M \u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\", \\\"Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\\\"... Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n 4 v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ch\u00f9n tay, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 1-5-1966 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Khu \u1ee7y khu S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"Trong may n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ebf chong M \u1ef9 m\u1ea1nh m \u1ebd nh\u1eaft, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00fang \u0111an nh\u1eaft. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat xung quanh m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o... bi\u1ebfu th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c chong \u0111\u1ebd qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 do giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng\\\"'. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f2i d\u00e2n sinh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, ch\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n M\u1ef9, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n n\u1ed5 ra \u1edd kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ngay t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1965, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edb s\u00e2n bay Tr\u00e0 N\u00f3c (C\u1ea7n Th\u01a1), h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Cam Ranh, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f2i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ed1ng \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1966, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf Cam Ranh, Quy Nhem, Chu Lai, \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng, V\u0129nh Long t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n. Th\u00e1ng 4-1966, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng T\u00e2n C\u1ea3ng \u1edd 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10-1966 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Khu \u1ee7y khu S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, th\u00e1ng 11-1966. 192","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n T\u00e2n C\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a g\u1ea7n 5.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u00e3ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng RMK - BRJ, l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111en ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1m c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u0103ng m\u1edbi cho m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c \u1edf s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, hai t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 d\u00e0nh l\u00e0m Trung t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u1edd T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t, Ben so 1 c\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi S\u00e0i G \u00f2n... Song, s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf - \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8-1965, phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n cam t\u00e2m l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng. M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 8-1965 c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, thanh ni\u00ean, gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u1edf Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 Nang, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Quy Nh\u01a1n, Nha Trang, \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t... \u0111\u1ea5u \u01afanh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n b\u00e3i b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh ho\u00e3n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n qu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t l\u00ednh. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 21 \u0111\u1ebfn 24-8- 1965, h\u01a1n 2.000 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean Hu\u1ebf h\u1ecdp m\u00edt tinh, \u0111\u1ecdc tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 N guy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3. N\u0103m h\u00f4m sau, ng\u00e0y 29-8-1965, 4.000 h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean Hu\u1ebf l\u1ea1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, h\u00f4 vang c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3. H\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00f9a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, 3.000 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0110\u00e0 Nang b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"Chong l\u1ec7nh tong \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean b\u1eaft sinh vi\u00ean, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ra tr\u1eadn ch\u1ebft nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3\\\", \u0111\u00f2i \\\"L\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam\\\". 193","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00ed th\u1ebf s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 \u1edf Hu\u1ebf - \u0110\u00e0 Nang chi th\u1ecb cho s\u0129 quan v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u00e1ng 3-1966, khi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n do Nguy\u1ec5n V\u00e3n Thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n I c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00e1nh Thi x\u1ea9y ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i n\u1ed5 cho m\u1ed9t phong \u01b0\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u \u01afanh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0 Nang. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ea5y, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u \u01b0anh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t x\u00edt t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbch. \u1ede \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng, \\\"c\u01a1 s\u1edf ta \u1edf th\u00e0nh pho \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch chi phoi phong tr\u00e0o, l\u00e1i cu\u1ed9c tranh ch\u1ea5p quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed9 tay sai c\u00f9a Nguy\u1ec1n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u\\\"'. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 14-3-1966, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"\u0110\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i\\\", \\\"Gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ed1c gia\\\", \\\"Ngir\u00f2ri M \u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\". C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ean trong, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ngt\u1ed5ch\u1ee9c m\u00edt tinh tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh ch\u1ed1ng Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3, ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. T\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt tham gia b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadnl\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0110o\u00e0n thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean; \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o li\u00ean minh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n 1. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 Nang, Nxb. \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng, 1996, tr. 262. 194","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 lan truy\u1ec1n khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f2i ly khai kh\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u0110e \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, thanh ni\u00ean Hu\u1ebf c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i sinh vi\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u1eed, h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ed9i xung k\u00edch, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee3 \u0110\u00f4ng Ba, n\u1eef sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3ng Kh\u00e1nh \u0111i l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf cho quy\u1ebft t\u1eed qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn binh l\u00ednh, s\u0129 quan qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf ng\u0169, l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ly khai v\u00e0 tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y 30-3-1966, h\u01a1n 10 v\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh th\u1ecb uy gi\u01b0\u01a1ng cao kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i \\\"Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9c\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\". T\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y 3-4-1966, h\u01a1n 6.300 binh l\u00ednh, s\u0129 quan S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, h\u00f4 to c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u. Ng\u00e0y 4-4-1966, Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a 3 ti\u1ec1u \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00ednh th\u00f9y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 ra c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ly khai. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u1eadp ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee5 s\u00fang. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Sinh vi\u00ean quy\u1ebft t\u1eed \u1edf Hu\u1ebf k\u00e9o v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u1ede \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng v\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf, t\u0103ng ni, ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb c\u00f2n \u0111em c\u00e1 b\u00e0n th\u1edd, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ra ch\u1eafn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn giao th\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e2n ly khai th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u1ebfu M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 d\u00f9ng s\u00e2n bay \u0110\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ly khai th\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m ly khai s\u1ebd b\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c v\u00e0o s\u00e2n hay Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edd n\u00ean qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, ng\u00e0y 7-4-1966, Thi\u1ec7u - K\u1ef3 ra l\u1ec7nh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. C\u0169ng ng\u00e0y 195","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ec9 huy Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 ra l\u1ec7nh cho qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n ly khai. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u00f2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2n M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y 20-1-1967, \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 40.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, t\u1ed1 c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u00ednh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 l\u00ednh P\u1eafc Chung Hy; c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb7n xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 1, \u0111\u00f2i M \u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Chu Lai, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi l\u00ednh P\u1eafc Chung Hy. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i ch\u00fang ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do ch\u00fang g\u00e2y ra. IV. CU\u1ed8C T\u00d3NG TI\u1ebeN C\u00d4NG V\u00c0 N\u00d3I D\u1eb6Y T\u00c9T M\u1eacU TH\u00c2N 1968 1. B\u1ea5i c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Sau m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1966-1967, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam gi\u1eef v\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0 \u1eddng, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o thang l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed3, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta. Tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, uy t\u00edn c\u00f9a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. T\u1eeb trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, r\u1eebng n\u00fai, ven th\u1ecb. M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, uy t\u00edn tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n 196","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110en cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1967, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 quan th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc: Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Cuba, Hunggari, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Ba Lan, Ti\u1ec7p Kh\u1eafc, T rung Q u\u1ed1c, C am puchia, C \u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u1ea2 R \u1eadp th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, A ngi\u00eari, In\u0111\u00f4n\u00eaxia. C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 41 ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9, 12 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, 5 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c khu v\u1ef1c l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u00fang h\u1ed9. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u1ed9ng r\u0103i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 - Phi - M \u1ef9 Latinh h\u1ecdp trong th\u00e1ng 1-1966 t\u1ea1i La Habana (Cuba) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, coi \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \\\"vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1 - Phi - M \u1ef9 Latinh\\\". Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u00f2a \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf x\u00e9t x\u1eed t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1967 theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc Anh - Bect\u01a1r\u0103ng Rutxen v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phanh phui trong hai phi\u00ean t\u00f2a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00f3 (n\u0103m 1967), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ban Ch\u1ea5p hanh l\u00e0n th\u1ee9 1\u00f2 (1-19\u1ed2 \/) \u0111a d\u00e8 ra chu ir\u01b0\u01b0ng sang su\u1ed1t, quy\u00e9t \u0111inh m\u1edf th\u00eam m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u1eb1m tranh th\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh, \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 k\u1ebb th\u00f9. M \u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m \u1edf m \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u0169ng nh\u00e0m ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u00f9a ta trong ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 chi r\u00f5: Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eady. 197","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 T\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u01b0ong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 28-1-1967 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao: N\u1ebfu M \u1ef9 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean ba m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong hai m \u00f9a kh\u00f4, t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb (12-1967) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ban C h\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh l\u00e0n th\u1ee9 14 (1-1968), Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed: \\\"Chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam sang th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi - th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\". Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f2n chi r\u00f5: \\\"Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ta l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao nh\u1ea5t, b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\". Do ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n tr\u00ean 1 tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1edbn, n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn l\u00e0 hai m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh k\u1ebbt h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u00f5 v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111ay to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai. v \u1ec1 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9, sau hai m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n Oasinht\u01a1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00fang t\u00fang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ngoan c\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M \u1ef9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m \u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u1ed1 gi\u1eef cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn 198"]
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