LỊCH SỬ VIỆT NAM _ NGUYỄN VĂN NHẬT Chủ biên_ NXB KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI _ Tập 13

["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... ti\u1ec3u th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf \u01b0ong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u00e2m m\u01b0u ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u01b0\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kho t\u00e0ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110e \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, kho t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, to l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, t\u00e0i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hy sinh kh\u00f4ng sao k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, kho t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o d\u1ee1, di chuy\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n theo nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c che ch\u1eafn, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00f5 trang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \\\"V\u1eefng tay b\u00faa, ch\u1eafc tay s\u00fang\\\", \\\"M\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn s\u0129\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"Gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh, gi\u1eb7c \u0111i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\\\"... Nh\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, ta v\u1eabn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ec3 49","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng che t\u1ea1o h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 300 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 t\u1ea5n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c lo\u1ea1i trang b\u1ecb nh\u1ecf cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (1969), ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u r\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng phong tr\u00e0o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh. Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 150% so v\u00f3i n\u0103m 1960. Trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f4ng - l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i - b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p - cung \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 M\u1ef9 n\u00e9m bom ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1965, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 50% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf 50","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ec9. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. s\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam. Neu n\u0103m 1965 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 1.132 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p (trong \u0111\u00f3 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trung u\u01a1ng l\u00e0 205 v\u00e0 927 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), th\u00ec n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 1.352 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 277 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 1.075 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s \u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 817 l\u00ean 1.028 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-19681 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng Chia ra N\u0103m T\u1ed5ng C\u00f4ng X\u00e2y N\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u1eadn t\u01b0 s\u00f4X nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p b\u01b0u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n 1961-1964 2.529,2 1.351,8 95,4 626,4 78,4 376,7 1965-1968 3.802,9 1.271,0 137,1 703,8 224,3 1.466,7 Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng do ph\u1ea3i huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 653.959 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 646.729 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy v\u1eady, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 13,65% xu\u1ed1ng 11,33%. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng nhanh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 19,3% xu\u1ed1ng 8,9%, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 3,6% l\u00ean 12,7%2. 1- T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1976, tr. 48. 2. Dan theo: 35 n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1980, tr. 93.","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 C\u00d3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, tuy c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, n\u0103m 1965, t\u1ef3 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n l\u00e0 53,3%, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 53,9%. Do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \\\"\u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\\\", t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968, s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong nh\u00f3m A \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea5p 4,5 l\u1ea7n trong nh\u00f3m B 1. Ket qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u0103ng h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. So v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965 th\u00ec n\u0103m 1966 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00f3m A t\u0103ng th\u00eam 96, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00f3m B ch\u00ec t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u00f3 50, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, trong khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00f3m B gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat th\u00ec nh\u00f3m A v\u1eabn t\u0103ng th\u00eam 38 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1966. Do v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng v\u1eabn t\u0103ng. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 330,3; n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 417,4; n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 414,1; n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 518,82. Ng\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 496,3, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 474,5, n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 514,8. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, luy\u1ec7n kim g\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. G i\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n: lay n\u0103m 1960 ch\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 343, n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 313, 1967 l\u00e0 200. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0nh than \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1966 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1t x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 1963, \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. v\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n kim, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u cao hom n\u0103m 19633. 1. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1973, t\u00ec-. 272. 2. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1965-1975, Nxb. KHXH, H. 2002, tr. 25. 3. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea: 15 n\u0103m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a, 1970, tr. 266. 52","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ebb t\u0103ng nhanh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u00fa r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y trong 3 n\u0103m (1965-1968) t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 33 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u00e9t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf m i\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 (12-1965), v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 14 (1-1968), \u0110\u1ea3ng lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Ra s\u1ee9c s\u00e0n xu\u00e2t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u00e2t, \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y m \u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tricn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. - H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. - Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eefa qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1 ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. - \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. 53","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 - Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, th\u1ee3 l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y do ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 do c\u00f3 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00e1ng 11-1965, Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea Thanh Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\\\". V\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng. Neu n\u0103m 1960, nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 8,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hai n\u0103m 1966-1967 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t'. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y t\u0103ng kh\u00e1 nhanh. Neu chi s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 100 th\u00ec n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00e0nh 148, n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 151,3, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 149,4, c\u00f2n n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 153. V\u00e0, n\u0103m 1967, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1964. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, x\u00e0 lan... l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed trong \u0111\u00e0u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam: n\u0103m 1960 l\u1ea5y chi s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 1. \u0110\u00e0o V\u0103n T\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 35 n\u0103m kinh t\u00e9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1980), Nxb. KHXH, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1980, tr. 93 54","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... 131,8, 1966 l\u00e0 161,8, 1967 l\u00e0 164,3 v\u00e0 n\u00e1m 1968 l\u00e0 175,6. Ri\u00eang ng\u00e0nh than, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966 t\u1edbi 1967, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam 7 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p m\u00f3i. V\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1967, tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, h\u01a1n 600 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. v \u1ed1 n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ba n\u0103m 1965-1967 g\u1ea5p 33 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong ba n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n chinh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef1 t\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edf Khu IV c\u0169, m\u1ed7i t\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Nh\u00ecn chung, h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u01b0ong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Neu n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 971.000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1966 c\u00f3 1.118.000, \u0111\u00e9n n\u0103m 1967 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.275.800. Trong s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1965, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 h\u1ee3p doanh l\u00e0 407.000, n\u0103m 1966 la 421.000, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 447.000, 1968 l\u00e0 469.000. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. So v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965, n\u0103m 1967, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111i kho\u1ea3ng 1 v\u1ea1n, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u00eam 5 v\u1ea1n. Trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 55","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 l\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu sau ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1eef c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chi chi\u1ebfm 5%, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35%. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 10-1968, ri\u00eang \u01b0ong lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 39,5%'. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 (1965-1968), giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u01a1 kh\u00ed n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u tinh \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, x\u00e0 lan... C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh trung du, mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, do th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c lili\u00e0 m \u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, klio t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0 \u1eeb ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u00e8 th\u00f9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p non tr\u1ebb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, khai th\u00e1c than, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng... \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u 1. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eeb h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1965-1975, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H. 2002, tr. 29. 56","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0: nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec, U\u00f4ng B\u00ed, Y\u00ean P h\u1ee5... Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 (1965-1968), \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nhanh ch\u00f3ng chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c doanh. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m: to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f2ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh th\u00e2m canh, t\u0103ng v\u1ee5. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p: c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u01b0\u1edbi, ti\u00eau; ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m m\u00e1y k\u00e9o; t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; \u0111\u00e2y m \u1ea1nh khai hoang, ph\u1ee5c h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u khu kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi; t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a g\u1eafn v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, bao tr\u00f9m c\u00f9a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 III (9-1960) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 57","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 r\u1ea5t quan \u01b0\u1ecdng trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n\\\"1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 5, kh\u00f3a in (7-1961) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c doanh \\\"v\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\\\"2, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft thi \u0111ua \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfn nhanh, ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi chi\u1ebfn tranh lan r\u1ed9ng ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 11 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng (3-1965) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng\\\"3. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u0103m 1965, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec1n sang th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01b0iig l\u1edbn c\u00f9a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u00e9n l\u1edbn ini\u00e8n Nam. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef. Ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb, kh\u1ecfe \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tham gia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. 1. \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 21, S\u0111d, tr. 928-929. 2. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 22, S\u0111d, \u01b0. 458. 3. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 26, S\u0111d, tr. 74.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f2, l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f9a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \\\"\u0111\u1ea9y mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edd l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1\\\", \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. S\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ed3n ra ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bom \u0111\u1ea1n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u00ec n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u01b0\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u00e1c li\u1ec7t m\u1edbi ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i III c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1i m\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \\\"N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng\\\". Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \\\"v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao hom\\\"1. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c\/ha, tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn\u201d2. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh hai ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trung du, mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u0103m lo chi \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p; 1. Ph\u1ea1m H\u00f9ng, X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, 11-1965, tr. 7. 2. Nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u00ean. 59","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1; chi \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u hom 20% v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh (1961-1964). Trang b\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trang b\u1ecb 15.163 m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, 9.784 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, 22.127 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c1. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u00e0n trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng nhanh. L\u1ea5y chi s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1960 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 112, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 133, n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 1512. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0ang b\u1ecb m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. N\u0103m 1966, m\u1edbi chi\u1ebfm 10,9% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm 19,8% v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1969 l\u00e0 29,9%. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e0y, b\u1eeba, cu\u1ed1c, x\u1ebbng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i (xem b\u1ea3ng \u1edf trang sau). Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00f9y n\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968, 1. Theo: Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea - 15 n\u00e1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, 1970, tr. 126. 2. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. 60","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... t\u0103ng 1,5 l\u1ea7n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1961-1964; 9,6 l\u1ea7n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1958-1960; 3,3 l\u1ea7n th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1955-1957 (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1i c\u0169). C\u00e0y N\u0103m 1963 N\u0103m 1967 B\u1eeba Cu\u1ed1c 80.000 101.000 X\u1ebbng 47.800 70.000 489.700 931.300 201.100 948.400 Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbi, ti\u00eau t\u1eeb 1.000 ha \u01b0 \u1edd l\u00ean, h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 500 ha tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 3.000 ha tr\u1edd l\u00ean1. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh m\u1edbi, t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 xung k\u00edch b\u00e1m ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u00e1m bi\u1ec3n, b\u00e1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110e duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ail to\u00e0n clio nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Uong sinh ho\u1ea1t, lau \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi\u00e9n \u0111\u00e1u c\u00f9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb bom \u0111\u1ea1n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, thi\u00ean tai x\u1ea3y ra li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb ph\u1ea3i ra m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn..., nhung n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 1. \u0110\u00e0o V\u0103n T\u1eadp ch\u00f9 bi\u00ean, 35 n\u00e1m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1980), Nxb. KHXH, H. 1980, tr. 122. 61","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1-1967, v\u1ec1 th\u0103m Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c tr\u00ean 1 h\u00e9cta \u0111\u1ea5t gieo tr\u1ed3ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n d\u1eb7n b\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n: \\\"C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. C\u00e1c x\u00e3 vi\u00ean h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\\\"1. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00f4i giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ra s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y t\u0103ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1u, ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc nhung \u1edd kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c tr\u00ean 1 h\u00e9cta \u0111\u1ea5t gieo tr\u1ed3ng hai v\u1ee5 l\u00faa - \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 chi l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Neu n\u0103m 1964 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 5 huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c tr\u00ean 1 h\u00e9cta th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 30 huy\u1ec7n, 2.551 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. N\u0103m 1966, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c 1 h\u00e9cta. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1eafp b\u1edd v\u00f9ng, b\u1edd th\u1eeda, l\u00e0m b\u00e8o hoa d\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965, chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 lan ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean h\u1ebft\\\", \\\"t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\\\", vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ed1 1 n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng chung trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch 1. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 12, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1996, tr. 193-195.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1eca. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i chu k\u1ef3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u0103m 1967, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4, s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 23.530. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 18.098 HTX b\u1eadc cao (chi\u1ebfm 76% s\u1ed1 HTX, 88% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean v\u00e0 86% s\u1ed1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a HTX). Nh\u1eefng HTX b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edd v\u00f9ng n\u00fai (35%) v\u00e0 Khu IV (29% )'. Trong h\u01a1n 4 n\u0103m, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968, s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 84% l\u00ean t\u1edbi 94,9%. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u1ea3ng 95%. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1967-1968, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean b\u1eadc cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u00ean x\u00e3. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tham gia phong tr\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng2. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh khai hoang, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khu kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf trung du, mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1eebng ch\u1eafc c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tay sai m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" ra m icn B\u0103c. T rong nh\u1eef ng n\u0103m ch\u00f4ng chicn trunli ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1o... t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi \u00e2m m\u01b0u, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. 1. Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u00f2a, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9, s\u1ed1 3\/1961, tr. 1. 2. L\u00ea M\u1eadu H\u00e3n (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp m , Nxb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H. 2001, tr. 256. 63","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00faa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n h\u0103ng h\u00e1i c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng an, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc an ninh x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, \u0111\u1eadp tan c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c to\u00e1n bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch M\u1ef9 tung ra ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh... \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 v\u0169 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 \u1edf qu\u00ea nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 2 (6-1977) kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc\\\"1. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, n\u0103m 1969, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 31.651 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, bao g\u1ed3m 19.035 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1eadc cao, 12.616 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, thu h\u00fat 2.810.800 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 22.162 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, trong \u0111\u00f3 17.839 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1eadc cao, 4.223 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p, thu h\u00fat t\u1edbi 3.049.800 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n2. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng, trong kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda chi\u1ebfn \u1eefanh, quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 38, S\u0111d, tr. 315. 2. Th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1t, Nen n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb sau C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945, Nxb. N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H. 1981, tr. 141. 64","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u00e2t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u0103n b\u00e1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u00f9a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u01b0ong th\u1eeb th\u00e1ch ng\u1eb7t ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ebfn gmo th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 (1965-1968), vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng n\u00e0y, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb nh\u0103m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ngay \u1eebong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 50% s\u1ed1 phi v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y, M\u1ef9 hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0o, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y th\u00eam gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n Campuchia. \u0110\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, M\u1ef9 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 ga, b\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng, b\u1ec3n ph\u00e0, kho b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean leo thang ra \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e9m hom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 12 t\u1eeb T\u00e2n \u00c2p \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t - L\u00e0o, qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 7 Ngh\u1ec7 An. ph\u00e0 Thanh Kh\u00ea - Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7u Ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 1 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, 65","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 C\u1ea7u H\u00e0m R\u1ed3ng, \u0110\u00f2 L\u00e8n, c\u1ea7u Gh\u00e9p, Di\u1ec5n Thanh, c\u1ea3ng Ben Th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - L\u00e0o Cai, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00f9a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edd v\u00f9ng khu IV c\u0169 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11-1965, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1ch xa trung t\u00e2m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i t\u1eeb 40 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 km \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 19 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf H\u00e0 Giang. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, trong hai n\u0103m 1966, 1967, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bom \u0111\u1ea1n M\u1ef9 nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u00e0ng g\u1ea5p b\u1ea9y l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965. Trong hai n\u0103m n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 ga, kho ch\u1ee9a, b\u00e3i t\u1eadp k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng... c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u00e1c tinh Khu IV ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn \u01afanh v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng, b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0, b\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng, khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eadp k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang khu v\u1ef1c V\u0129nh Linh, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6-1966 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i 1967, m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 d\u1ed9i hom 25 v\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 bom, 30 v\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c. Trong n\u0103m 1967, M\u1ef9 cho m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o c\u1ea7u Long Bi\u00ean - trung t\u00e2m H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, s\u1ed1 \u1eeb\u1eadn m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0: - N\u0103m 1965: 5.500 tr\u1eadn. -N \u0103 m 1966: 13.000 tr\u1eadn. -N \u0103m 1967:27.000 tr\u1eadn. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung 60-80% s\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf Khu IV c\u0169, \u01b0ong \u0111\u00f3 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 559 chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kho\u1ea3ng 60-70%. 66","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00ec kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bom m\u00e0 M \u1ef9 n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m kho\u1ea3ng 77 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n, ri\u00eang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 66 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n, trong \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 40-45 v\u1ea1n t\u1ea5n n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng trinh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i'. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc: tr\u00ean 19 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh, h\u01a1n 400 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 500 c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0o V\u0129nh Linh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. Trong 3 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1967, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1ea5t 3 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u (h\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2ng nh\u1eb9)2. T\u00ednh ri\u00eang trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 (1965-1968), trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng 19,3 qu\u1ea3 bom, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 4,1 l\u1ea7n. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - Vinh, m\u1ed7i km b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 19,5 l\u1ea7n3. Nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u01b0ong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968, tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn lao. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau cao quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u00e0n th\u1ee9 3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ea1ch ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, 8 (kh\u00f3a III) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tinh th\u1ea7n chung l\u00e0: \\\"Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, 1. B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u00e0i, H.2002, tr. 327. 2. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr. 329. 3. Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf, 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), Nxb. KHXH, H. 1990, tr. 136.","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y (s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n), \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eadn t\u00e1i h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng\\\", v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \\\"D\u00f9 trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb b\u1ebf t\u1eafc trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u1edbn nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Th\u00e1ng 8-1965, B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c tinh th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9a to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u00eau cao kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: \u0110\u1ecbch ph\u00e1, ta s\u1eeda ta \u0111i \u0110\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1, ta l\u1ea1i s\u1eeda ta \u0111i. V\u1edbi t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ra Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 201\/CP ng\u00e0y 4-10-1965 nh\u00e0m t\u00e1ch C\u1ee5c V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ee5c l\u00e0 C\u1ee5c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng; t\u00e1ch C\u1ee5c V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh hai c\u1ee5c: C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 C\u1ee5c V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. Ng\u00e0y 21-6-1965, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean xung phong ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i; huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ecfa tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng; t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng binh, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 bom, m \u00ecn...Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ban \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do m\u1ed9t \u1ee7 y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Ph\u00f3 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ban. Trong Ch\u00ec th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 110\/CP ng\u00e0y 10-6-1965, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 n\u00eau r\u00f5: C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00f2i chi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o. 68","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00ed. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan chi huy ti\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B4) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1ed9 \u1edd Khu IV c\u0169 nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho mi\u1ec1n Trung. D\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u00f9a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c doanh l\u1ea5y chi s\u1ed1 n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 106, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 123, n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 139. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nhanh, ngay trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 t\u0103ng nhanh. Ri\u00eang h\u1ec7 thong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean x\u00e3, li\u00ean huy\u1ec7n, li\u00ean tinh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1964, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u00e0 10.495 km, n\u0103m 1968 l\u00ean 38.661 km. C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c giao th\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean huy\u1ec7n, li\u00ean tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda sang hay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c toa xe, ca n\u00f4, x\u00e0 lan do c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ef1 trang, t\u1ef1 ch \u1ebf... \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i T\u00ean phirong ti\u1ec7n 1960 1965 1966 S\u1ed0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e1y xe l\u1eeba Chi s\u1ed1 100 169,3 286,3 S\u1ed1 toa xe h\u00e0ng 196,6 327,9 S\u1ed1 toa xe kh\u00e1ch - 156,8 206,5 S\u1ed1 \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u1eadn t\u00e1i - 227,8 573,5 S\u1ed1 t\u1ea7u, ca n\u00f4 k\u00e9o - 373,5 907,1 S\u1ed1 t\u1ea7u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng - 89,4 260,4 S\u1ed1 t\u1ea7u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch - 69 - Ngu\u1ed3n: Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea '75 n\u0103m ...\\\", tr. 374.","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nhanh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n (1964 = 100) N\u0103m T\u1ed5ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110 \u01b0im g s\u00f4k s\u1eaft b\u1ed9 s\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3n 1965 1966 91,0 75,7 105,6 116,6 30,5 1967 82,0 48,3 147,8 115,9 126,5 1968 64,2 28,3 157,9 112,7 8,0 74,7 36,2 156,8 126,5 46,2 Ngu\u1ed3n: Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea - 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. KHXH, H. 1990, tr. 138. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965-1968 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1966 l\u00e0 125, n\u0103m 1967 l\u00e0 162, n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 182. Chi t\u00ednh ri\u00eang s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i do Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i n\u0103m 1965. Trong n\u0103m 1965, tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 559 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf 16.800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1965 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n, ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f4ng binh, cao x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn nam, n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean xung phong. V\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 559 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao th\u1eeb th\u00e1ch, gian kh\u1ed5, hy sinh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba, tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng \u1edf nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a 70","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u giao th\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 182 tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc tham gia \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1eafp 35 tri\u1ec7u m3 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 san l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 bom. Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng, n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecd tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eb3c v\u1edbi v\u0169 kh\u00ed, s\u1eaft th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i hai cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c b\u00e0o v\u1ec7, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng binh, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, k\u1ec1 vai s\u00e1t c\u00e1nh, hy sinh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn k\u1ecbp th\u00f2i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T 1\u00d411 u i\u1eb7 l u \u1ead n g iao lli\u1ed3 ag d \u00e3 \u0111 \u1ea3 m b \u00e0u \u0111 \u01b0 \u1ef1 c s\u1ef1 ch \u1ec9 h u y lli\u1ed1iig nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh x\u00e8 d\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n anh h\u00f9ng ca b\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0m cho kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh sang chi\u1ebfn tranh. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 71","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. To\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o hai m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1edbn: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0, ra s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; hai l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kho t\u00e0ng, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a d\u1ef1 tr\u00f9 \u1edf t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p, t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi, m\u1edd th\u00eam m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, c\u01a1 quan, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn. Gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mua b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh theo chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i b\u1eddi c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u0111cu h\u01b0\u00f3mg v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft m \u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cung \u1ee9ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u00e0nh t\u00edch r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c 72","Ch\u01b0cmg \u00ec. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i c\u1eeda quy\u1ec1n, m\u00f3c ngo\u1eb7c trong kinh doanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. Bao c\u1ea5p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eb7p mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu mua ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng thu mua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1971 t\u0103ng 37% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m t\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ri\u00eang n\u0103m 1968 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 1964 v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 2,7 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 1965. Trong th\u1eddi gian chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh t\u0103ng 60%, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n t\u0103ng 2 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng 89%. Doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n ra c\u00f9a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 9,6%, doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb n\u0103m 1975 t\u00e0ng g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi 1965. C\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f9a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 cung \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi'. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf trong chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kho t\u00e0ng, c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng kho b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t. s \u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do \u0111\u1ecbch g\u00e2y ra chi b\u00e0ng 1,6% t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong 4 n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968. Trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u h\u1ea1 chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef3 su\u1ea5t chi ph\u00ed l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u1edd m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 8%. I. Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf, 35 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-1980, S\u0111d, tr. 167.","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a do ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p thu mua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1968, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u cho chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng1: H\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n N\u0103m T\u1ed5ng H\u00e0ng T\u1ed5ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ef1c N\u00f4ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng s\u00f4\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c 1965 1.547,2 569,1 328,3 149,7 1966 1.462,9 978,1 417,5 186,5 140,5 91,1 1967 1.587,3 1.045,4 493,0 265,7 143,5 96,5 1968 1.586,2 1.094,3 419,4 187,3 154,2 83,4 1.166,8 77,9 Tinh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh: Vi\u1ec7c bao ti\u00eau trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m b\u1ea3o gi\u1eef v\u1eefng thu mua trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng chi t\u0103ng ch\u00fat \u00edt. C\u00f2n trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, do c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thu mua v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p t\u1ef1 t\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n l\u00e8 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9ich\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00ec: Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00f9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch b\u1ed9i chi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0uth\u00f4ng, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edd ng\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n thu mua trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7n \u01b0\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, nh\u1edd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00ean nh\u00ecn chung, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eefng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng. 1. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eed h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1965-1975, S\u0111d, tr. 40. 74","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... M\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M \u1ef91. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh: th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n. Ngay sau khi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, theo nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f9a t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thu mua, b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thu mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh, kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh (c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p...) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 giao n\u1ed9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tuy v\u1eady c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, giao \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf giao n\u1ed9p s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u00f2i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. S \u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3: H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam , t\u1eadp 11 (1954-1975), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 2005, tr. 184. 75","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 th\u00f2i gian t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf x\u00e3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u1ea5y huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edd c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf, v\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 do \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i x\u00e3 vi\u00ean b\u1ea7u ra Ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 Ban ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh, v\u1eabn do x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 do t\u00edch l\u0169y ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n kinh doanh l\u00e0 vay c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n t\u1eeb huy\u1ec7n, t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. \u1ede t\u1ec9nh (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1), c\u00e1c Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a S\u1edf Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n trong tinh (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1). \u1edc Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 Ban Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u sau theo gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n h': C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng b\u00e1n l\u00e8 (qu\u1ea7y) 1955 1960 1965 1970 S\u1ed1 x\u00e3 vi\u00ean (1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi) 133 4.098 8.483 9.795 Doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) 259 2.147 4.899 6.599 1,7 314,4 333 572 1. 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam {1945-1990), S\u0111d, \u01b0. 164. 76","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \/. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb: Tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4ng Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c HTX N\u0103m T\u1ed5ng doanh T\u1ed5 Trong s\u00f4\u00ed HTX \u0111\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Ts\u1ed5\u00f4n\u00ed g b\u00e1n l\u1ebb s\u00f4\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 QD doanh 1%5 2.434,1 2.071,0 1.675,0 333,0 63,0 363,1 205,0 1966 2.647,4 2.263,4 1.749,3 479,1 35,0 384,0 208,0 1967 2.857,5 2.412,5 1.874,4 528,1 10,0 445,0 254,0 1968 3.051,1 2.585,2 2.039,9 547,3 8,0 456,0 255,0 Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n l\u00e8 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y, v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 bao c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh, n\u00ean t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n l\u00e8 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c doanh t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 1.675 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1965, l\u00ean 2.039 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1968. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 33 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e1m 1965, l\u00ean 547,3 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m 19681. v\u1ec1 n go\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, song \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. 1. Vi\u1ec7n S\u1eeb h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1965-1975, S\u0111d, tr. 40, 41. 77","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0110e \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, n\u1ed9i dung kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 quy m\u00f4, nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i tnr\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m v\u1eeba s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00f2fi t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chi vi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p bao v\u00e2y, phong t\u1ecfa mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110e qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng \u1edd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; bao v\u00e2y phong t\u1ecfa c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, uy hi\u1ebfp t\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ra v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u phong t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong hai \u0111\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c bao v\u00e2y, phong t\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, lu\u1ed3ng giao th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb t\u1eafc th\u00ec ta l\u1ea1i m\u1edb lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b \u1ed9 ...) \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, cung c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb 40 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1964, gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 27 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1974. Quan h\u1ec7 kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 78","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., ch\u00f9 nghTa. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng. Tinh h\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. M\u1ef9 ra s\u1ee9c bao v\u00e2y, phong t\u1ecfa mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u00e3n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u kinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 bao v\u00e2y phong t\u1ecfa c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao l\u01b0u kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. H\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u00e2n sinh, trong \u0111\u00f3 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhanh nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea3ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (1964-1968)' \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: tri\u1ec7u r\u00fap v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 la N\u0103m Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u Nh\u1eadp si\u00eau XN\/NK 1964 97,1 137,4 40,3 70,6% 1965 1966 91,0 237,9 146,9 38,3% 1967 1968 67,8 370,9 303,1 18,3% 45,6 418,5 372,9 10,9% 42,3 465,5 423,2 9,1% Sau khi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1m ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf kim ng\u1ea1ch 430,460 tri\u1ec7u\/n\u0103m trong hai n\u0103m 1970-1971, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n l\u00ean 61,4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1971. 1. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1982. 79","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thanh to\u00e1n, h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb 1 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm 0,7% kim ng\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u0103m 1964, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfm 6,7% kim ng\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u0103m 1964, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 410 tri\u1ec7u r\u00fap - \u0111\u00f4 la, chi\u1ebfm 53% kim ng\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u0103m 1975. Vay n\u1ee3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u00ean 20% kim ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (n\u0103m 1964: 25%, n\u0103m cao nh\u1ea5t 1970: 53%). Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t (1968, 1972); trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3m, trong khi h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng trong kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n h\u1ed3i chi\u1ebfn tranh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 bao v\u00e2y phong t\u1ecfa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p 80","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 trung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110e l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t. V\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n (gi\u1eefa thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ef9 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u1eefa thu v\u00e0 chi...), t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fa ngh\u0129a gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, duy tr\u00ec s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng (\u0103n, m\u1eb7c, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe) ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 to l\u1edbn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u0103n h\u00e0ng: Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, t\u1eeb sau khi v\u1eeba h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1964 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1edf v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a, che \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh te \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c han h\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ke ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 5-8-1964, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, 81","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u1eeba t\u00edch c\u1ef1c chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, l\u00fac h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, l\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa. Ri\u00eang \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u chi ti\u00eau cho chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i chi vi\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \\\"Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u\\\"1. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng 6-1965 \u0111\u1ec1 ra hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, ra s\u1ee9c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n (ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m) \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, linh ho\u1ea1t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh sang ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua mu\u00f4n v\u00e0n th\u1eeb th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00e3 m an c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9, N g\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c mua c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n chi \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, 1. Ph\u1ea1m H\u00f9ng, X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m \u1edbi, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, 11-1965, tr. 9, 10, 11. 82","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110e g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \\\"h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7\\\", duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kinh doanh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec3n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1966, \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1964. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t qua Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edb r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t trong l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t qua ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u01b0ong c\u00e1c n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1edf m\u1ee9c 83-87%. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00ecnh l\u00fd m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 b\u1ed9i chi, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u01b0ong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. (N\u0103m 1964 chi\u1ebfm 83.7%. nhirng n\u0103m c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi 86%). T\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u00e1n l\u1ebb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 (n\u0103m 1964 l\u00e0 100, th\u00ec n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 139,4%, 1970 l\u00e0 137,8%), l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i chung kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn. Ket qu\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c b\u1ed9i chi ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ecm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qua hai \u0111\u1ee3t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 83","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 (t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1972). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eebng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ee7 chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho chi\u1ebfn tranh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cho vay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n cho vay. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1960 \u0111\u1ebfn 1964, ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 59 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u1ed7i n\u0103m l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 258 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. S\u1ed1 t\u0103ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t do m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thanh to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1n g\u1eedi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (phong tr\u00e0o ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc), m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c do ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u0103ng th\u00eam kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u1edd ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u0103ng m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay c\u0169ng t\u0103ng: n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1961-1964 th\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1965-1968 s\u1ed5 d\u01b0 n\u1ee3 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 2,3 l\u1ea7n, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u0103ng 20,9%. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u00fap c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u00e3n do s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1eddi chi\u00e9n \u0111\u1ec3 duy ir\u00ec v\u00e0 pli\u00e1l tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u00e1t li\u1ebdn t\u1ee5c. T \u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n gi\u00fap v\u1ed1n cho c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng (m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua b\u00e1n) t\u00e0ng c\u01b0\u1eddng thu mua n\u1eafm ngu\u1ed3n h\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1n l\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 82,7% n\u0103m 1964 l\u00ean 85,2% n\u0103m 1971, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"\u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3\\\", b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1eadu c\u00e0n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, 84","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... ph\u1ea1c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tran h 1. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. Chi ri\u00eang 4 n\u0103m 1965-1968, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n cho vay trong 4 n\u0103m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh (1961-1964). s \u1ed1 v\u1ed1n cho vay d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n so v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 mua s\u1eafm th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 80-100%, doanh s\u1ed1 cho vay ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 70-80% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed b\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f9a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e32. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f9a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2m canh, t\u0103ng n\u00e3ng su\u1ea5t trong tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y 3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, gi\u00e0i ph\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 chi vi\u1ec7n cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \\\"bao c\u1ea5p\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 to l\u1edbn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 \u01b0\u1ee3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan 1. 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), S\u0111d, tr. 232, 233. 2. 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u00e9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), S\u0111d, tr. 232, 233. 85","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf k\u00e9m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 - t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 N h\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 ra, \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng. 3. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7c M \u1ef9 leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh, d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. \u0110 \u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m i\u1ec1n B\u0103c, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb3m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edd v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y 5-8-1964, m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 n\u00e9m bom xu\u1ed1ng Quang B\u00ecnh, Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Thanh H\u00f3a m\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u1ed3 \u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, kinh t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, san ph\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u0169ng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cap I Xu\u00e2n Giang (H\u00e0 T\u0129nh), r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edd th\u1ecb x\u00e3 \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n H\u1ed3 X\u00e1 (VTnh Linh) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y 23-5-1965, m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 d\u00e3 man b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edd Ngh\u0129a \u0110\u00e0n 86","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., (Ngh\u1ec7 An) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee3 T\u1ee9 Tr\u1ee5 (Th\u1ecd Xu\u00e2n, Thanh H\u00f3a). Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n cho m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ef3nh L\u1eadp (Qu\u1ef3nh Lun - Ngh\u1ec7 An) l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft 139 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh trong 4 n\u0103m (1965-1968), h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed9i xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a, M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 1.558 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cap III V\u0129nh Linh, Qu\u1ef3nh Ti\u1ebfn, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc X\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0ong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 104 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 ng\u00e0y 28-7-1965 c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng chi r\u00f5: \\\"Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc... Trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, v\u00e3n ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng c\u0103m th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 tay sai, c\u1ed5 v\u0169 tinh th\u1ea7n y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 y\u00eau ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng cao sinh ho\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta hi\u1ec7n nay\\\"1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u00e1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ec9 thi ng\u00e0y 5-8-1965 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00eau r\u00f5: Ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao, m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh (1965-1968), \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 1. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc (1965-1972), V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng B\u1ed9 V\u0103n h\u00f3a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed8I, 1974, tr. 67. 87","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \\\"theo m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\\\". \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1eafng M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u01b0\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1eeb th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u01b0u m\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Chi th\u1ecb c\u00f9a Ph\u1ee7 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng (Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 88\/TTg ng\u00e0y 5-8-1965) v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb n\u00eau r\u00f5: Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3i tr\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00fac n\u00e3ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m \u1edbi1. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1965-1966, to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \\\"quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c\\\", ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng. V\u00e0, trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh (1965-1968), \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \\\"theo m\u1ed9t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\\\". Trong 10 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra ng\u00e0y 28-6-1966 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 7 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u00f9ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m \u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110 \u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p'. H\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n thay, c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Iihi\u1ebbu tr\u01b0\u1eddng trang h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ea1y ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea, tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0o trong d\u00e2n; nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc. Xung quanh tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u0169y \u0111\u1ea5t bao quanh, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m, h\u00e0o, ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh bom, ph\u00e1o gi\u1eb7c. Gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch \u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, 1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c 1964-1965, Nxb. Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee5c, H. 1966, tr. 3.","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.., \u1edd c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c tinh Khu IV, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1edd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u1edbi. D\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, gi\u1ea5y b\u00fat, s\u00e1ch v\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean bao th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \\\"d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t\\\" v\u1eabn d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea. Neu n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i - n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1964-1965, s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 3,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo, s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110en n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967-1968, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 4,7 tri\u1ec7u con em nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eafp s\u00e1ch t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cap III, c\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng cap I v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u x\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p II. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong... T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u1ede c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan d\u00e2n - ch\u00ednh - \u0111\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thanh ni\u00ean xung phong... h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, m \u00e3 r\u1ed9 n g D \u1eb7 c hi\u1ec7t, n h \u1eef n g n \u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f2r c \u00e1 c t\u1ec9n h , th \u00e0 n h m i\u00ean B \u0103c, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a cap I, cap II, cap III, ta c\u00f2n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \\\"ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang\\\" d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 b\u1ed3 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng thanh ni\u00ean d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, V . V... H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng n\u0103m thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean theo h\u1ecdc. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967-1968, trong s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 44 v\u1ea1n cap II v\u00e0 5 v\u1ea1n cap III. Ng\u00e0y 28-6-1966, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft n\u00eau r\u00f5: \\\"Ph\u1ea3i tranh th\u00f9 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eafn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, 89","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n chinh v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1t, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 gi\u1ecfi, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf do th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn k\u1ecbp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt'. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra 10 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: 1. C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. 2. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. 3. Coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh. 4. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, g\u1eafn h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. 5. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. 6. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n tuy\u1ec3n sinh t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. 7. Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng thi \u0111ua \\\"Hai t\u1ed1t\\\". 8. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. 9. C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u00e0ng, Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng, t\u1eadp IV, Nxb. Th\u00f4ng tin ly lu\u1eadn, H\u00e0 N\u1ed8I, 1982, tr. 255. 90","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... 10. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb 16 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1964-1965 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean t\u1edbi 35 tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1967-1968, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean t\u1eeb 2.750 (1965) l\u00ean t\u1edbi 6.727 (1968). N\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 29.800 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 42.600 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc. \u0110en n\u0103m 1968, con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 58.200 v\u00e0 118.500. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n ch\u1ecdn c\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i - ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: \\\"Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft...\\\" Trong kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111ien h\u00ecnh \\\"d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t\\\" m \u00e0 ti\u00eau hieu l\u00e0 C am B \u00ecnh - m \u1ed9t x\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ecnh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 chi c\u00f3 17 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef, \u01b0ong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, x\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, x\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cap II. Noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng c \u1ea9 m B\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean phong tr\u00e0o \\\"C\u1ea9m B\u00ecnh h\u00f3a\\\", \\\"X\u00f3a x\u00e3 tr\u1eafng\\\" v\u1ec1 m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p I. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. C\u00e1c v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, 91","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, nh\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh, h\u1ecda s\u0129, ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean, quay p h im ... \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn l\u1eeda Khu IV \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n v\u0103n c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t bom \u0111\u1ea1n, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \\\"ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t \u00e1t ti\u1ebfng bom\\\", phong tr\u00e0o v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng s\u1edf ... \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \\\"\u0111\u1ed9i v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 xung k\u00edch\\\" l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho phong tr\u00e0o. Ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. Nam H\u00e0 - m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh b\u1ed1n n\u0103m li\u1ec1n (1965-1969) l\u00e0 l\u00e1 c\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.081 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7, m\u1edf h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 bi\u00ean. Ngh\u1ec7 An, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, n\u0103m 1966 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 1.080 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u0103n n g h \u1ec7 ... Nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, h\u1ecdc sinh, thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. s \u1ed1 b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. N\u0103m 1965, c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.887 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 22 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n in th\u00ec n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1.471 \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi 30 tri\u1ec7u b\u00e1n in. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9. V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, t\u00f4n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ngay trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng v\u1ed1n qu\u00fd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c sinh s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111u\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n ca, v\u1ec1 th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. 92","Ch\u01b0omg \u1ec9. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00e1m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi y t\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n l\u00e0ng, th\u00f4n x\u00e3 v\u00e0 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 y t\u1ebf, tr\u1ea1m x\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb 5.289 tr\u1ea1m x\u00e1, 475 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u0103m 1964, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 6.043 tr\u1ea1m x\u00e1, 981 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 50 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edd y t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ng\u00e0nh y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi. N\u0103m 1965, to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 67.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1967, chi ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 y, b\u00e1c s\u0129, y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 n\u1eef h\u1ed9 sinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 60.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 3.497 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf. T\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gian lao c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c trong ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \\\"Th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec1n\\\". Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m th\u00e1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7y gian kh\u1ed5, hy sinh \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh; s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0m. 4. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea5p r\u00fat t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta. Ng\u00e0y 2-1-1965, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra chi th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, 93","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi, l\u00e0m cho to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \\\"tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\\\"1, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Ti\u1ebfp theo chi th\u1ecb n\u00e0y, tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc di\u1ec5n ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0i s\u1eafc \u00fd ch\u00ed, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed trong c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua, nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea, thu h\u00fat m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi \u1edd m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tham gia. \u0110\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u0103m lo gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, bao g\u1ed3m trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ta tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh em v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ha. l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hai n\u01b0\u1edbc L\u00e0o, Campuchia. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a L\u00e0o v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p nay c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t, kh\u0103ng kh\u00edt. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi L\u00e0o, con em mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf L\u00e0o, h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o \\\"hai 1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1eadp IV, S\u0111d, \u01b0. 217. 94","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eafng c\u00f9a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng chi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0o. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1965 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e3n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f9a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng C am puchia... Th\u00e1ng 1-1965, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00f9 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi l\u00e0: 1. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, tr\u1ecb an v\u00e0 s\u1eb1n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cao. 2. Ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eadu b\u1ecb \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi \u01b0u yen th\u1ed1ng, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. 3. T\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u00e0u qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t - k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u0103ng th\u00eam ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 12 kh\u00f3a III x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: v \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, khoa h\u1ecdc. Ki\u00eang \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \\\"To\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0 \u1edbc\\\"1. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0: - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. 1. Ho\u00e0ng V\u0103n Th\u00e1i, C\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00e2ng cir\u1eddng n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u1ecdc t\u1ea1p, 1-1966, tr. 40-41. 95","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 - Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \\\"M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh, m\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng (b\u1ea3n, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, khu ph\u1ed1) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i chi b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tham m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. - T\u00e3ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110 \u1ea3ng1. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y 17-5-1966, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \\\"t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1eadu b\u1ecb trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi\\\". Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1eafn rod nhi\u1ec1u m \u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng s\u00fang b\u1ed9 binh, b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eb7c l\u00e1i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t... V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn, quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, th\u00ec kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, \\\"m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng hai v\u00ec mi\u1ec1n Nam ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt\\\", \\\"t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", \\\"th\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\" di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i. Chi \u01b0ong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u00e1 \u0111om t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd phong tr\u00e0o \\\"Ba s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng\\\", \\\"Ba \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang\\\", \\\"N\u0103m xung phong\\\" c\u1ee7a nam, n\u1eef thanh ni\u00ean. Ch\u00ec ri\u00eang n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 290.000 thanh ni\u00ean nh\u1eadp ng\u0169, ri\u00eang trong th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 150.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1965, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn thanh ni\u00ean v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean xung phong, d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ecfa tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110e \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y 29-8-1965, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 L\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho c\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e8 vang trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh 1. Nh\u01b0 \u1eef\u00ean, tr. 44-48. 96","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2v d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u... nh\u1eefng Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0, Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n, d\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y 17-5-1965, Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, b\u1ec7nh binh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u1ec7t s\u0129. Ng\u00e0y 15- 11-1965, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00ea vi\u1ec7c tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng khen th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0y 30-8-1965, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 500 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Ng\u00e0y 28-12-1966, \u1ee7 y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng danh hi\u1ec7u Anh h\u00f9ng L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cho 43 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 trong l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 \u01b0ang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 binh \u0111o\u00e0n trang b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n ch\u00f9ng m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y 20-4-1965, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a III k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung Lu\u1eadt ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n nh\u00e2n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Ng\u00e0y 21-4-1965, \u1ee7 y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh L\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 5-5-1965, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. So v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, kh\u1ed1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B \u00e1c t\u0103n g t\u1ee9 195.UUU l\u00ean 40U.UUU n g \u01b0 \u1edd i. B \u1ed9 \u0111 \u1ed9 i \u0111 \u00eca p h \u01b0 \u01a1 n g l\u1ebdn 28.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 1,4 tri\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n binh ch\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c qu\u00e2n, binh ch\u1ee7ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea3ng g\u1ea5p ba so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1964, ri\u00eang Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc, kh\u00f4ng chi c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng, ra \u0111a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ti\u00eam k\u00edch. N\u1ebfu n\u0103m 1964, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chi c\u00f3 15 trung \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 14 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, 1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ti\u00eam k\u00edch, 2 trung \u0111o\u00e0n ra \u0111a, th\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u0103m 97","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1eeb 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn 1967, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 33 trung \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 66 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, 10 trung \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ean l\u1eeda, 2 trung \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ti\u00eam k\u00edch v\u00e0 4 trung \u0111o\u00e0n, 1 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ra \u0111a. \u0110\u1ebb ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c chi huy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c B\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edd H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Qu\u00e2n khu IV, H\u00e0 B\u1eafc. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0nh H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng. C \u01a1 quan T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i theo ki\u1ec3u th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. N\u0103m 1964, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm 8% so v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, t\u1ef3 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965 t\u1ea3ng l\u00ean 10%. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1966, 1967, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb t\u1eeb s\u00fang m\u00e1y cao x\u1ea1 12,7 mm, 14,5 mm \u0111en cao x\u1ea1 37 mm, 100 mm. Ri\u00eang d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 2.000 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i. D\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong tr\u00e0o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n b\u1eafn m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u1ecb an. \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xung k\u00edch \u01b0ong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4n x\u00f3m, x\u00e3 v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n, d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tu\u1ea7n tra, canh g\u00e1c, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng binh, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng binh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thuy\u1ec1n nan, b\u00e8, m\u1ea3ng, xe th\u1ed3 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi th\u00f4 s\u01a1 g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1965, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 98"]