LỊCH SỬ VIỆT NAM _ NGUYỄN VĂN NHẬT Chủ biên_ NXB KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI _ Tập 13

["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... chi\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c b\u00e3i. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m bu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a qu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nen v\u0103n h\u00f3a khai th\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c. Chi t\u00ednh ri\u00eang n\u0103m 1971, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 1.018 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1, 94 vi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, g\u1ea7n 5.700 tr\u1ea1m y t\u1ebf, h\u1ed9 sinh c\u1ea5p x\u00e3. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 giir\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh g\u1ea7n 103 ngh\u00ecn chi\u1ebfc. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 55 gi\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec7nh1. 2. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, c\u00fang c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m chi vi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng kha n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n do H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 18 Ban Ch\u1ea5p hanh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00e1ng U -iy 7 0 ) \u0111\u00e8 ra, mi\u00e8n t\u00ed\u00e1c kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01b0ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c binh \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, chu\u1ea5n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham gia t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn t\u1eadp trung, hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng binh ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u00e1ng 2-1970, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 18 c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c 1. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e1m 1981, S\u0111d, tr. 356. 249","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9a ba th\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng binh \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng trang b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 binh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng. Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 62\/Q\u0110 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y 2-7-1970) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1970, B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n b\u1ed5 sung. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ed9 binh c\u1ea5p trung \u0111o\u00e0n, s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n do c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n khu ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh trong hai n\u0103m 1970-1971, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung 195.000 qu\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c binh ch\u1ee7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt'. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (7-1970) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, chi vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong v\u00f2ng hom m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb 24-8 \u0111\u1ebfn 26-9-1970), hom 300 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e2n d\u1ed9i du\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 l\u1edbp hu\u1eafn luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tham m\u01b0u, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. C\u0169ng trong th\u00e1ng 9, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch l\u1edbn s\u1eafp di\u1ec5n ra. 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 55 n\u0103m Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H., 1999, tr. 306. 250","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... Gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 3-1971, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u0129 quan Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n. \u0110e c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 huy l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c Ban ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed t\u00e0i m\u1edbi. Ri\u00eang Qu\u00e2n khu IV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng 10 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, 10 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng binh, \u01b0inh s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, \u1edf c\u00e1c tinh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 trang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1o 37mm. T\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e3 v\u00e0 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ta th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang cao x\u1ea1 12,7mm, 14,5mm \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay t\u1ea7m th\u1ea5p. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u1eeb\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0 du k\u00edch l\u00e0 87 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 1.400 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c c\u1ee1, 200 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n 800 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang c\u1ed1i \u0110KZ v\u00e0 5 v\u1ea1n s\u00fang b\u1ed9 binh'. Th\u00e1ng 5-1972, Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Hai s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng 325, 320 c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 6 trung \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n khu IV. Qu\u00e2n khu Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc, Qu\u00e2n khu T\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n, Qu\u00e2n khu H\u1eefu ng\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf sung qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb theo bi\u00ean ch\u00e9. H\u1ecdc vi\u00ean s\u0129 quan c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 binh ch\u1ee7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh (S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 312 B) thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Qu\u00e2n khu IV. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam 1 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, 3 trung \u0111o\u00e0n, 20 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, t\u00ean l\u1eeba, ra\u0111a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed t\u00e0i m\u1edbi. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c trung \u0111o\u00e0n, ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o binh, thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng binh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. \u0110en th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1972, 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ecb 1954-1975), t\u1eadp n, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1991, tr. 63. 251","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 530.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi (t\u0103ng 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1968), trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n khu t\u1ea3ng hai l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Qu\u00e2n khu IV t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n1. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eafn m\u00e1y bay, t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1972, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1o cao x\u1ea1, 170 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, trung \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb s\u00fang m\u00e1y cao x\u1ea1, 20 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ph\u00e1o 85 ly \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M\u1ef9. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7-1972, Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay B.52 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 10-1972, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb tr\u1eafc th\u1ee7 ra\u0111a to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 B.52. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00ean l\u1eeda t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh B.52, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng B.52 \u0111\u00e1nh ban \u0111\u00eam. Th\u00e1ng 9-1972, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ra\u0111a, kh\u00ed t\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e0m cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u1eeba ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eeba quan t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111om v\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1eadp trung hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed3ng binh ch\u1ee7ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970, trong to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 35 v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 binh chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 25% \u0111\u1ebfn 35% s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n2. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, 55 n\u0103m Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, S\u0111\u0111, tr. 328-329. 2. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II (1954-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 471-472. 252","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang. Song song v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. Th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. N\u0103m 1969 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea1t 1.769.000 t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1973 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 724.512 t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Trong n\u0103m 1972 vi\u1ec7n \u01b0 \u1ee3 c \u1ee7 a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 l\u00e0 332 tri\u1ec7u r\u00fap v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 120 tri\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ec7. Chi ri\u00eang vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u0103m 1973, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc anh em, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 60% c\u00f9a n\u0103m 1972. S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m ngu\u1ed3n vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c do b\u1ecb phong t\u1ecfa g\u1eaft gao, n\u00ean kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1972 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1971, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Trong khi t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi, t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eb7t ra y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n, trang b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1n ph\u00e1o l\u1edbn) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tli\u1ef1 c, th \u1ef1 c p li\u00e2 m , lliu \u00f4 c I11C11 n g \u00e0y m \u1ed9 t t\u0103 n g c a o su v\u1edbi tr\u01b0 \u1edb c. D u \u0111 \u1ecf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1,4 l\u1ea7n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1,7 l\u1ea7n. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eabn v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 v\u1eeba duy tr\u00ec, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong n\u0103m 1972 m\u1ee9c thu m ua l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 1,5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1971, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 253","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u0103m 1972 l\u00e0 6.348.000 t\u1ea5n, t\u0103ng 11% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1970. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i 559, s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u0103m 1972 l\u00e0 152.974 ng\u01b0\u1eddi'. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc. n . \u0110\u00c1NH B\u1ea0I CU\u1ed8C CHI\u00c9N TRANH PH\u00c1 HO\u1ea0I L\u1ea6N TH\u00da HAI C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ebe QU\u1ed0C M\u1ef8 (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6-4 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 30-12-1972) \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1972, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean ba h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m: B\u1eafc T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecb - Thi\u00ean gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ecb - Thi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eebng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u00ean chi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2 c\u00f3 nh\u1eebng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n b\u1ed1n b\u00ean t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Paris \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1972 \\\"v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" do ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay sau khi N\u00edchx\u01a1n tr\u00fang c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 2, v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ngoan c\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n, 1. Theo L\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc 1954-1975, T\u1eadp VII, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2013, tr. 393. 254","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Paris, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt l\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f2i s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn trong Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i phi\u00eau l\u01b0u \\\"M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a\\\" (m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n) cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 tr\u1edd l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1ea5c. Ng\u00e0y 6-4-1972, m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn M \u1ef9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n I (Linebacker I). C\u0169ng trong ng\u00e0y 6-4, Ph\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Kitxinhgi\u01a1 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng An ninh Qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edbng Haig \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn phong to\u1ea3 c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1edfi v\u00ec theo \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 \\\"...H \u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadn ch\u00ednh, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u1edbi 85% h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u qua c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ed1c x\u1ebfp l\u00e0 6.500 t\u1ea5n, qua 10 c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng, nh\u1edd m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u 12 t\u1ea5n, v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u nh\u1ecf. T\u1ea1i cao \u0111inh c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1ea5m Ren, khi c\u00e1c b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh bom, C\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 t\u1edbi 47 t\u00e0u m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n\\\"1. Ng\u00e0y 10-4-1972, m\u00e1y bay B.52 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vinh, Ngh\u1ec7 An; Ng\u00e0y 16-4 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; Ng\u00e0y 8-5-1972 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 N\u00edchx\u01a1n ra l\u1ec7nh th\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i phong t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00f2n Gai, c\u1ea9 m Ph\u1ea3, C\u1eeda H\u1ed9i, c\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng G ianh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh Q u\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, Ngh\u1ec7 An, Thanh H\u00f3a, Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, Nam H\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3ng C\u1eeda Vi\u1ec7t (Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i phong t\u1ecfa. Theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Prados cho bi\u1ebft, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c H\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i 7 th\u1ef1c thi Ke ho\u1ea1ch r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn phong to\u1ea3 mang t\u00ean Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \\\"Pocket Money\\\" (Ti\u1ec1n t\u00fai). M\u00e1y bay chuy\u00ean d\u1ea3i m\u00ecn t\u1eeb t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay Coral Sea r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. M\u00e1y bay t\u1eeb hai t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay kh\u00e1c r\u1ea3i 1. Ivan R. Dee, The Hidden History o f the Vietnam war (Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c khu\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam). D\u1ea7n theo T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Xua v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 427, th\u00e1ng 5-2013, tr. 30. 255","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n H\u00f2n Gai, c\u1ea9m Ph\u1ea3, Thanh H\u00f3a, Vinh, \u0110\u1ed3ng H\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 che ch\u1eafn cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Oklahoma City, New Port New b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng; c\u00e1c t\u00e0u khu tr\u1ee5c Buchanan v\u00e0 Hanson, t\u00e0u tu\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Providence ph\u00e1o k\u00edch c\u00e1c doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u... Do lo ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecb d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phong to\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u00f2n d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn, Oasinht\u01a1n g\u1eebi c\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00e0u \u01b0ong khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb m\u00ecn phong t\u1ecfa r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3ng an to\u00e0n trong v\u00f2ng 72 gi\u1edd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \\\"khi M \u1ef9 r\u1ea3i m\u00ecn, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n 37 t\u00e0u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i neo \u0111\u1eadu t\u1ea1i H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng: 16 t\u00e0u Li\u00ean X\u00f4, 5 t\u00e0u Trung Qu\u1ed1c, 3 t\u00e0u Ba Lan, 2 t\u00e0u Cuba, 1 t\u00e0u \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c, 5 t\u00e0u Somali. 4 t\u00e0u Anh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 t\u00e0u d\u1ea7u, 2 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 1 t\u00e0u Anh (mang c\u1edd H\u1ed3ng K\u00f4ng) k\u1ecbp r\u1eddi c\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u c\u00f2n m\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3ng trong su\u1ed1t 300 ng\u00e0y cho t\u1edbi khi Hoa K\u1ef3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c b\u00e3i th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i \u1edf V\u1ecbnh B\u1ea9c B\u1ed9 theo Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris n\u0103m 1973\\\"'. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00eau l\u01b0u m\u1edbi c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16-4- 1972, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra l\u00f2i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eadp tan \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 h\u00f2ng t\u1ea1o \\\"th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e9p ta d\u00e0m ph\u00e1n theo nh\u1eefng di\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ng\u00e0y 10-5-1972, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ra Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00ean \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00ecn c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c, cho t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn bao v\u00e2y v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u00e9m bom ban ph\u00e1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 1. Ivan R. Dee, The Hidden H istory o f the Vietnam war (Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c khu\u1ea5t \u01b0ong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam). D\u1ea7n theo T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed X\u01b0a v\u00e0 Nay, s\u1ed1 427, th\u00e1ng 5-2013, tr. 31. 256","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 1-6-1972, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. B\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0: 1. Chu\u00e2n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u0111\u1eadp tan m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng phi\u00eau l\u01b0u qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. 2. Trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t cho mi\u1ec1n Nam. 3. Chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, gi\u1eef giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. 4. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 khi c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf. Ti\u1ebfp theo vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 5-5-1972, \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 an ninh v\u00e0 qu\u00e0n l\u00fd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0y 13-6-1972, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec3u l\u1ec7 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m 12 \u0111i\u1ec1u quy \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 c\u00fac th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ef1c li\u00e9n li\u00e0nli kh\u1ea3n liu \u01b0 n g . N h\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2u c\u00e1c v\u1eebng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1edf xa \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 s\u01a1 t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B.52 v\u00e0 F .l 11 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edd kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n 257","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean M \u1ef9 cho m\u00e1y bay B.52 n\u00e9m bom B\u1ebfn C\u00e1t, T\u00e2y B\u1eafc S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18-6-1965, ng\u00e0y 12-4-1966, M\u1ef9 cho m\u00e1y bay B.52 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e8o M\u1ee5 Gi\u1ea1 - Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i V\u0129nh Linh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. S\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t bom B.52 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n \u1edd Khu IV c\u0169 (t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng B\u1ebfn Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0o c\u1ea3ng S\u00f4ng Gianh), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o (m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng trung b\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 t\u1ea5n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a) b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 8-1972, su\u1ed1t 900km b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Ninh \u0111\u1ebfn V\u0129nh Linh b\u1ecb phong t\u1ecfa. \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i h\u00f2ng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f4ng t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n 4 th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0ylO-4-1972 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8-1972), m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 298 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u1eadp. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a l\u0169 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1972, m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 29 l\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn m\u00e9t \u0111\u00ea xung y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb s\u1ea1t l\u1edf, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n ven bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng ngay trong khi \u0111ang tu s\u1eeda \u0111\u00ea. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Cuba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \\\"Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" nh\u1eb1m k\u00eau g\u1ecdi d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00ean \u00e1n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00fay l\u1ee3i \u1edb Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n. S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, t\u1ef1 tin. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0o 258","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0u \u0111ang n\u1eb1m trong c\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i s\u00f4ng chi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng chi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ng\u00e0y. Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, m\u00e1y bay c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng binh r\u00e0 ph\u00e1 th\u1ee7y l\u00f4i, m\u1edf lu\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng l\u00ean ph\u00eda B\u1eafc. Lu\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ven bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n trong n\u0103m 1972. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n (xe th\u1ed3, thuy\u1ec1n nan, b\u00e8 m \u1ea3ng...) chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch phong t\u1ecfa, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edd l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a du k\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00eca ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. N \u0103m 1968, m i\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chi vi\u1ec7n cho m i\u1ec1n Nam h\u01a1n 141 ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n - ch\u00ednh - \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 72,5 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 chi vi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 162,5 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 111 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t'. Trong 3 n\u0103m T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c H\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng th\u00eam qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 10 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f9a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng giao 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1975), Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H. 1997, tr. 178. 259","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y 7-6-1972 k\u00fd L\u1ec7nh t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng danh hi\u1ec7u Anh h\u00f9ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho 9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1eafc - Nam. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u00edt b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1... m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh (nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i thu nh\u1eadp, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf...). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u01b0ong bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u0103ng ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00e1n theo tem phi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn (trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 92.000 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, chi\u1ebfm 10,5% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng - v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, t\u00fd l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u)1. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn chung cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u0103n h\u00f3a - gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1970-1971, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 10.897 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 132.631 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 4.359.700 h\u1ecdc sinh, th\u00ec n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1971-1972 c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 11.080 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 141.550 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 4.585.600 h\u1ecdc sinh, 1. Vi\u1ec7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1975), S\u0111d, tr. 167. 260","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1972-1973 l\u00e0 n\u0103m h\u1ecdc chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t th\u00ec s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 11.226 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean l\u00e0 150.531 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean: 4.680.500 em '. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1971-1972, to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 193 tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi 6.389 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 74.381 h\u1ecdc sinh, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1971-1972 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 35 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 7.738 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 62.000 sinh vi\u00ean. N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1972-1973, c\u00f3 36 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 7.697 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean v\u00e0 53.760 sinh vi\u00ean2. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, chi\u1ec3u phim, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt... v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 19 v\u00e0 20 c\u1ee7a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ng\u00e0y 3-8-1972, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n, c \u1ea5 p huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng thay m\u1eb7t cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, chi \u0111\u1ea1o ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f9a Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ban chi \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. B\u1ed5n huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed1n v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m th\u1eeb. M \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean 1. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u00e1m 1981, S\u0111d, tr. 324. 2. T\u00f4ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, 30 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00fa C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, S\u0111d, tr. 156-157. 261","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ebf s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c, cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 g\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam: n\u0103m 1971: 4.123 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n, n\u0103m 1972 t\u1ea3ng l\u00ean 4.924,4 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. T\u00ednh theo gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1970, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ea1t 2.850,4 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u1ea1t 2.753 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ea1t 3.092,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ri\u00eang tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2.299,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1971: 2.169,8 tri\u1ec7u, n\u0103m 1972: 2.478,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u00faa trong n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ea1t 20,14 t\u1ea1\/ha, n\u0103m 1971: 19,95 t\u1ea1\/ha, n\u0103m 1972: 22,43 t\u1ea1\/ha. Theo c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh, H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng, Nam H\u00e0, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, Ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh H\u00e0 N \u1ed9i... \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 5 t\u1ea5n th\u00f3c\/ h\u00e9cta ru\u1ed9ng hai v\u1ee5 l\u00faa. C\u00e1c tinh thu\u1ed9c Khu IV c\u0169, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o duy tr\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng chi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Th\u00e1i Th\u1ee5y (Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh) b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 2 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00eam 20-7-1972, n\u1eef d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n x\u00e3 Ti\u1ec1n Ch\u00e2u (Y\u00ean L\u00e3ng, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa, nay l\u00e0 Th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean, tinh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac) b\u1eafn roi 1 m\u00e1y bay F.111 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17-10-1972... N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 b\u1eafn rrri 25 m \u00e1y hay M \u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 h a i1. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 leo thang chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai trong d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ta. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 11-1972 Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh B.52 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00ean l\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1eed \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00edp 1. H\u1ed9i N\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong tr\u00e0o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1930-1995), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1998, tr. 317-318. 262","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0o Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u00f9ng trung \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ean l\u1eeda 263 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay B.52. \u0110\u00eam 22-11-1972, hai ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n 43 v\u00e0 44 thu\u1ed9c trung \u0111o\u00e0n 263 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y bay B.52. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1nh B.52 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0y 27-11-1972, Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110en ng\u00e0y 4-12-1972, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xong t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Th\u00e1i N guy\u00ean... B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u; Qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng Ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng - Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n t\u1eadp trung m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B.52 M\u1ef9. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u01a1 t\u00e1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n, v\u1edbi m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u00e0i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972, bao g\u1ed3m 193 m\u00e1y bay B.52, g\u1ea7n 50 m\u00e1y bay F. 111 v\u00e0 hom 1000 m\u00e1y bay ti\u00eam k\u00edch, 6 li\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c m\u00e1y bay ti\u1ebfp d\u1ea7u K C -135... m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972. Ng\u00e0y 14-12-1972, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 N\u00edchx\u01a1n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, gi\u00fap cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y bay chi\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam A. Ng\u00e0y 18-12-1972 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o 263","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1ea0P 13 Khu IV. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bay \u1edf Guam v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0y s\u1eb1n s\u00e0ng ch\u1edd l\u1ec7nh. Chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y 18-12, trinh s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho m\u00e1y bay B.52 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Philippine. T \u1eeb 19 g i\u1edd 40 p h \u00fa t ng\u00e0y 18-12-1972, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch S\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n II (Linebachker II), \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 90 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc B.52 v\u00e0 135 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m \u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1nh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp 3 \u0111\u1ee3t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n bay K\u00e9p, N\u1ed9i B\u00e0i, Gia L\u00e2m, H\u00f2a L\u1ea1c, Y\u00ean B\u00e1i, khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Anh, Y\u00ean Vi\u00ean, \u0110\u00e0i Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf M\u1ec5 Tr\u00ec. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m xung y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 Ngh\u1ec7 An, H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, V\u0129nh Ph\u00fa, H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n,... c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Ngay trong tr\u1eadn m\u1edf \u0111\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00eam 18-12, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 7 m\u00e1y bay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay B.52, 1 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay F. 111 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi c\u00f4ng M\u1ef9. Chi t\u00ednh ri\u00eang trong 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n II (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 29-12-1972), \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 740 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m \u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B.52 v\u00e0 hom 1.000 l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y bay F. 111, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u, \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1eadp trung \u1ed3 \u1ea1t, n\u00e9m g\u1ea7n 20.000 tan bom xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c; \u0111inh cao l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y bay B.52 n\u00e9m bom r\u1ea3i th\u1ea3m m ang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea1ch Mai (\u0111\u00eam 21-12) v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed1 Kh\u00e2m Thi\u00ean (\u0111\u00eam 26-12-1972 l\u00e0m cho 473 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ea7n 2.000 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng n\u1eb7ng). Tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i l\u00e0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam 29- 12-1972. \u0110e \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1ea5m r\u1ec1n II c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng 6 trung \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00ean l\u1eeba ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, 4 trung \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ti\u00eam k\u00edch, 16 trung \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 22 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, 4 trung \u0111o\u00e0n ra\u0111a, 346 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u00fang m\u00e1y ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng 264","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... c\u00f9a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 tham gia chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1eb1n s\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u cao, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 81 m\u00e1y bay, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 34 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay B.52 v\u00e0 5 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay F .l 11, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u phi c\u00f4ng M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m n\u00ean tr\u1eadn \\\"\u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u00f9 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\\\" 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u00fd nghTa quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebf h o \u1ea1ch1. Do b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho mi\u1ec1n Nam kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00fang 7 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 30- 12-1972, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 M \u1ef9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20 tr\u1edd ra B\u1eafc, k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris. Trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 6-4-1972 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15-1-1973), qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 735 m\u00e1y bay ph\u1ea3n l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 61 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c B.52 v\u00e0 10 m\u00e1y bay ph\u00e0n l\u1ef1c F. 111, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u phi c\u00f4ng, b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm h\u01a1n 135 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, t\u00e0u bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch. Ri\u00eang trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18- 12 \u0111cn ng\u00e0y 29 12 1972) qu\u00e2n v\u00f9 d\u00e2n m icn D \u0103c \u0111\u0169 \u0111\u1eadp lun cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, ban rod 81 m\u00e1y bay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 34 m\u00e1y bay B.52 v\u00e0 5 m\u00e1y bay F. 111. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 25 m\u00e1y bay B.52, \u0111a s\u1ed1 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00ean l\u1eeda, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 30 m\u00e1y bay B.52 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chung b\u1eafn rod 11 m \u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt 1. D\u1ea7n theo: Chi\u1ebfn thang \\\"H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u00f9 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\\\" t\u1ea7m cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ee7n l\u0129nh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2012, tr. 133. 265","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 b\u1ecb b\u1eafn r\u01a1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y bay do th\u00e1m b\u1ecb d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n L\u1ec7 Th\u1ee7y (Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh) b\u1eafn r\u01a1i tr\u01b0a ng\u00e0y 17-1-1973. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. Do \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c khen ng\u1ee3i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Ngay trong \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn 410 t\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed9i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1972. Ng\u00e0y 11-1-1973, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng k\u00fd L\u1ec7nh t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng danh hi\u1ec7u Anh h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 \u01afang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cho 26 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 12 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 17-1-1973, C h\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd L\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1edfng 140 hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cho 140 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111on v\u1ecb c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee9u t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 12-1972. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 24-3-1973, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00fd L\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1edfng 356 hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, 82 hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng cho 419 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, truy t\u1eb7ng 35 hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cho 35 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh trong khi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. Ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng 180 hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u00edch xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ed1ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u phong t\u1ecfa, bao v\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, v\u1eadn chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u00e1ng 12-1972, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c H\u00e0i qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 Mc. Cain \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn: \\\"T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u00f3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf) t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\\\"; C\u00f2n Th\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao M \u1ef9 Alexis Johnson k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Poket Money \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ec3, \u00f4ng ta vi\u1ebft: \\\"Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u, c\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch phong t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch (chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Linebachker n\u0103m 1972) \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng 266","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam\\\". C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1972 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1973. III. \u0110\u00c1U TRANH NGO\u1ea0I GIAO V\u00c0 VI\u1ec6C K\u00dd HI\u1ec6P \u0110\u1ecaNH PARIS V\u00c8 CH\u1ea4M D\u1ee8T CHI\u1ebeN TRANH, L\u1eb6P L\u1ea0I H\u00d2A B\u00ccNH \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965-1966 v\u00e0 1966-1967, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. T\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 31-3-1968, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 L.B.Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u01b0\u00ean truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh: \\\"T\u1ed1i nay t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u00f9a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m \u1edd ph\u00eda B\u1eafc khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ...\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1eb1n s\u00e0ng \u0111i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e0u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xu\u1ed1ng thang\\\". T\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y 3-4-1968, \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i Vi\u00eang Ch\u0103n (L\u00e0o) th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb hai b\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i Giomev\u01a1. Ph\u00eda Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i Phn\u00f4m P\u00eanh. Nhung Oasinht\u01a1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau nhu: Niu \u0110\u00eali, Jakarta, Vi\u00eang Ch\u0103n, R\u0103nggun. Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i V\u00e1csava (Ba Lan). M\u1ef9 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i C\u00f4l\u00f4mb\u00f4, Katmandu, Kualar Lumpur, Raoapindi, Kabun, Tokyo, Brucxen, Helsinki, Vi\u00ean, Romma. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0y 2-5-1968, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea5y Paris l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0y 13-5-1968 hai \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c g\u1eb7p nhau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Kl\u00e9ber \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Paris (C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Ph\u00e1p), \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ngo\u1ea1i giao 267","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecd s\u1ee9c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi M \u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f9ng M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u1ed1n b\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6-1968 \u1ee7 y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd t\u1edbi Paris tham gia \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c \u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u1eedu Ki\u1ebfm. \u0110en th\u00e1ng 6-1969, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 10-6-1969, \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam do B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M \u1ef9 l\u00e0 Henry Cabot Lodge v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Kitxinhgi\u01a1, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 N\u00edchx\u01a1n; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ngo\u1ea1i giao Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n L\u1eafm. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Paris k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 4 n\u0103m 9 th\u00e1ng di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v\u1edbi 201 phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp c\u00f4ng khai, 45 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang c\u1ea5p cao, 500 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp b\u00e1o, 1000 cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m cu\u1ed9c mittinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u00f9ng h\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y h\u1ecdp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 18-1-1969, nh\u01b0ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c c\u1eed \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn Paris \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n r\u1eddi Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 khai m\u1ea1c. Ng\u00e0y 25-1-1969 khai m\u1ea1c phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb 4 b\u00ean v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Paris. Trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c 268","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ec8II. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.., b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00eda kh\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y 8-5-1969 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u1eedu Ki\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f9a M\u1eadt tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0a ra Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 14-5-1969 ph\u00eda M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0a ra Ke ho\u1ea1ch T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec3m. Nh\u00ecn chung tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb xoay quanh hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, thong nh\u1ea5t, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trung l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f4ng khai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec1u nham th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u00e9p M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng thang, bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t cho vi\u1ec7c r\u00fat h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec. Trong th\u1eddi gian di\u1ec5n ra H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u1ed1n b\u00ean t\u1ea1i Paris, Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ta ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 tranh th\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 30-3-1972 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Xu\u00e2n - H\u00e8 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean n\u0103m m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn l\u1edbn t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh Tr\u1ecb T h i\u00ea n \u0111 en \u0111 o n g h a n g s\u00f4 n g P \u1eed u l o n g , g i\u00e0 n h th \u0103 n g l\u1ea1 i to l\u00f3m, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, l\u00e0m cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. So s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn. Hoa K\u1ef3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \\\"t\u00e1i M \u1ef9 h\u00f3a\\\" cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn, m \u00e1y bay \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 phong t\u1ecfa c\u1ea3ng, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i \u1ee1 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u nguy qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. S\u1ef1 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eefng ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00eda M\u1ef9. Qua 4 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n 269","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1ea1i Paris, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng h\u00e0m trao \u0111\u1ed5i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 M\u1ef9, ng\u00e0y 20-10-1972, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u00e0n \\\"Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \\\"Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh 20 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1972\\\"' v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn s\u1ebd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u00fd v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31-10-1972. C\u0169ng trong ng\u00e0y 22-10-1972, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 R.N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb B\u1eafc v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20 \u01af\u1ede ra. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y 23-10-1972, R.N\u00edchx\u01a1n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o kh\u1ea9n cho Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang m\u1edbi \u1edf Paris v\u00e0 ho\u00e3n chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a Kitxinhgi\u01a1 t\u1edbi H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. M\u1ef9 vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \\\"kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n, nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \\\"th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh\\\". Ng\u00e0y 26-10-1972, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh 20 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1972 m\u00e0 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 b\u00f3c tr\u1ea7n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1eadt l\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00eda M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi th\u1eafng c\u1eed trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 th\u00e1ng 11-1972, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u00f2i x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, M \u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o 'lliii \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u00e1ng H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, bu\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay B.52 v\u00e0o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n M \u1ef9 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1eeb l\u00e2u nh\u1eb1m d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ee5 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u00e9p Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Paris. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 1. Theo Ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-2000, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2005, t\u00ed. 258. 270","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea3, l\u00e0m n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ecbch s\u1eeb \\\"\u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean Ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng\\\", \u0111\u1eadp tan cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay B.52 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 trong 12 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972, t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng cho hai \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1i Paris. Do b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00f5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00e2m m\u01b0u d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i \\\"xu\u1ed1ng thang\\\". \u0110e qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20 tr\u1edf ra k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 7 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 30-12-1972, quay l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 18-12-1972, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris. Ng\u00e0y 15-1-1973, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e9m bom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris: Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Paris b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13-5-1968, k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27-1-1973 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong 4 n\u0103m 9 th\u00e1ng, qua hai l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n di\u1ec5n ra qua 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu: Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\\\\ \u0110\u00e0m ph\u00e1n gi\u1eefa Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 (t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 5 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11-1968). G iai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: T \u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1972. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eb1ng co quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. G iai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 6-1972 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972. G iai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 1-1973, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i k\u00fd Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris trong th\u1ebf th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. 271","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Ng\u00e0y 13-1-1973 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng gi\u1eefa L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd - Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi Henry Kitxinhgi\u01a1. \u0110en ng\u00e0y 23-1-1973, L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd, Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 Henrry Kitxinhgi\u01a1 g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kl\u00e9ber \u0111\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 3 t\u1ef7 250 tri\u1ec7u USD v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y 30-1-1973 N\u00edchx\u01a1n s\u1ebd g\u1eedi c\u00f4ng h\u00e0m cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 H en\u01b0y Kitxinhgi\u01a1 k\u00fd t\u1eaft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00fat cho nhau. Ng\u00e0y 23-1-1973, t\u1ea1i Paris \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra l\u1ec5 K\u00fd t\u1eaft Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 4 N gh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Henry Kitxinhgi\u01a1. Ng\u00e0y 27-1-1973, v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i 11 gi\u1edd 30 (gi\u1edd Paris), H i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 Kl\u00e9ber \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Paris gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n b\u00ean tham gia H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 Hoa K\u1ef3, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. C\u00e1c B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao thay m\u1eb7t cho Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh k\u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ba ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 k\u00e8m theo: Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ng\u1eebng b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ban Li\u00ean h\u1ef1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u1ee7 y ban qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t; Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 trao tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef. C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Kl\u00e9ber \u1edf Paris, v\u00e0o h\u1ed3i 15 gi\u1edd 45 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 27-1-1973, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Trinh, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 William Price Rogers v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a 272","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u00fd b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 k\u00e8m theo, trong \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u00e0i ba ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u1eadn th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 m\u00ecn, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00ecn \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ea3ng, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. v \u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng Gi\u00eang n\u0103m 1973 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1972. Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u00e0n l\u00e0 M \u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, r\u00fat qu\u00e2n trong 2 th\u00e1ng, gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n; Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. S\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cao h\u01a1n Th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn 20 th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m 1972. B\u1ea3n Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m 9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 23 \u0111i\u1ec1u, n\u00eau r\u00f5 l\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do d\u00e2n ch\u00f9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed5ng tuy\u1ec3n c\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng pli\u01b0\u01b0ug pli\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh, 4 Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft g\u1ed3m: 1. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ban li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. 2. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u1ee7 y ban gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. 3. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 trao tr\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. 4. Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u00ecn \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Ngo\u00e0i ra hai b\u00ean c\u00f2n th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn 8 \\\"hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\\\" nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao, hai b\u00ean cam k\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ghi v\u00e0o 273","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh hay Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0. Trong s\u1ed1 8 \\\"hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\\\" ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 \\\"hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\\\" \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, 3 \\\"hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\\\" sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb 24 gi\u1edd (gi\u1edd GMT) ng\u00e0y 27-1-1973. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gian kh\u1ed5 su\u1ed1t 4 n\u0103m 9 th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u00dd ngh\u0169i Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris: Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f9a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ngo\u1ea1i giao. V\u1edbi Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris, M\u1ef9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a, b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u00fan s\u00e2u v\u00e0o kh\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0ng. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edd ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00ednh l\u00edu v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 v\u0169 trang Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eabn \u1edd nguy\u00ean mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra so s\u00e1nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 X\u00f4 - Trung kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, nhung Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c M \u1ef9 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n to l\u1edbn v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n L\u00e0o, bu\u1ed9c M \u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u00ednh l\u00edu qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi L\u00e0o, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 L\u00e0o v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai n\u0103m 1973. Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea9y M \u1ef9 v\u00e0o xu th\u1ec3 r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c M\u1ef9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00e9m bom Campuchia, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn 274","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... l\u1ee3i cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Campuchia v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng T\u01b0 n\u0103m 1975. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf ra c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c, kh\u1ed1i SEATO v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i ANZUS b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, xu th\u1ebf h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, trung l\u1eadp trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn, khang \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i giao Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m \u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. 275","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV \u0110\u00c1NH TH\u1eaeNG M\u1ed8T B\u01af\u1edaC QUAN TR\u1eccNG CHI\u1ebeN L\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u00d3A CHI\u1ebeN TRANH\\\" C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ebe QU\u1ed0C M\u1ef8 (1969 - 1-1973) L H\u1eccC THUY\u00c9T N\u00cdCHX\u01a0N V\u00c0 CHI\u00c9N L\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u00d3A CHI\u00c9N TRANH\\\" C\u1ee6A M\u1ef8 Sang n\u0103m 1969, khi N\u00edchx\u01a1n b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong khi M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb sa l\u1ea7y trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00f9 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong kh\u1ed1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 V\u00e1csava c\u0169ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, s\u00e2n sau c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n n\u0103m 1968 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9. Sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 l\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb sau Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gay g\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00fat qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng th\u00eam qu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng O\u00e9tmolen nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. 276","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. Chi ph\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh trong 4 n\u0103m (1965-1968) ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng, trung b\u00ecnh g\u00e0n 30 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4la h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb th\u00e2m h\u1ee5t l\u1edbn. T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb 48% n\u0103m 1948 xu\u1ed1ng 25% n\u0103m 1954, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10% n\u0103m 1969. C\u00e1n c\u00e2n thanh to\u00e1n m\u1eadu d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb th\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng, l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t t\u0103ng 6,1% n\u0103m 1969. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00eam. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Con s\u1ed1 h\u01a1n 100.000 binh l\u00ednh M \u1ef9 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u00edch tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c g\u00e2y tai h\u1ecda cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9. Tinh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gay g\u1eaft th\u00eam m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n l\u00ean cao, l\u00e0m cho n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a. L\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00e2ng cao, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e3i kh\u00f3a, bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1m s\u00e1t li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed5 ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u1edf chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 sa s\u00fat v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c \u00e9p r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a the gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f4i chi\u00ean tranh V i\u1ec7t N am , gi\u1edbi c\u00e2m quy\u00ean M \u1ef9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1n c\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho M\u1ef9. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, M\u1ef9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00e1 ch\u00f9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam b\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n th\u1ef1c bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"phi M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t 277","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"phi M \u1ef9 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 20-1-1969, N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 thay Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi mang t\u00ean \\\"H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft N\u00edchxom\\\" v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \\\"R\u0103n \u0111e th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\\\" thay cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t\\\" \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. H\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \\\"T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 tham gia\\\", \\\"S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f9a M\u1ef9\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"San s\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\\\". M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f9a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft N\u00edchx\u01a1n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00f2i h\u00f2i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef th\u1ebf c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 r\u0103n \u0111e, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, M\u1ef9 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh \u0111a c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chia r\u1ebd, l\u00f4i k\u00e9o c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, m ua chu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 uy hi\u1ebfp c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, N\u00edchx\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, mua chu\u1ed9c v\u1eeba \u0111e d\u1ecda c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. R\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, M\u1ef9 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n li\u1ebdn m inh khu v\u1ef1c, d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba phu\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ri\u00eang \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, N\u00edchx\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh li\u00ean minh khu v\u1ef1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u1ea5y Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tay sai \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u chinh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ''phi M \u1ef9 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\u201d c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n th\u00e0nh ''Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". Phi M \u1ef9 h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh cho qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb 278","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. x\u1ea5u th\u00eam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2ng r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh trong danh d\u1ef1. \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, ngo\u1ea1i giao nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 b\u00e1m gi\u1eef mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, trang b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 do M \u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 huy. Ke ho\u1ea1ch \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: - Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970: T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f9 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, r\u00fat m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. - Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1971: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, r\u00fat \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u M\u1ef9, giao cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. - Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3, t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1972: Ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng m \u1ee5c ticu c\u1ee7a \\\"Vi\u1ec7t N am h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". C h\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean, M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra 5 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng: 1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0m n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c. 2. C\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 279","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 3. T\u1eadp trung th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. 4. T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p li\u00ean minh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c do ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t. 5. Ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean, M\u1ef9 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y chi \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam bao g\u1ed3m \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M \u1ef9 MACV, ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o CIA v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, b\u1eaft l\u00ednh \u0111\u00f4n qu\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. Trong g\u1ea7n 4 n\u0103m (1969-1972), \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (b\u1ea3o an, d\u00e2n v\u1ec7) t\u1eeb 70 v\u1ea1n l\u00ean 110 v\u1ea1n, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n v\u0169 trang (ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 d\u00e2n s\u1ef1) t\u1eeb 150 v\u1ea1n l\u00ean 200 v\u1ea1n. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M \u1ef9 coi l\u00e0 m \u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 g\u1ea5p r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0a nhanh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1970, M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe t\u0103ng, xe thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p, ph\u00e1o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u0169 kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i cho l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, M \u1ef9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh nh\u1eb1m t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean s\u00f4ng, tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng. \u0110en cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 110 m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, 1.897 xe t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p, 1.300 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o, 1.600 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c 280","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.., cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n k\u00edch h\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta ra xa v\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bom \u0111\u1ea1n g\u1ea5p hai l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kho t\u00e0ng, h\u00e0nh lang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 559 c\u1ee7a ta. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t gi\u0103ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a ta v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m \u0103n c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ngu\u1ed3n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" c\u1ee7a N\u00edchx\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t coi tr\u1ecdng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, coi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00f9 ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". \\\"Ch\u00fang coi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \\\"keo cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 thua c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1eaby\\\", coi \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ch\u00f9 y\u00eau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 \u1ea5p x\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u1ea5p x\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\" 1. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n\\\" n\u00e0y, M\u1ef9 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 quan chi \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh MAC CORSS tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 MACV, c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n c\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M \u1ef9 CIA t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. C\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a A. Bram - T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n c h in h M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 C \u00f4 h ai - P h \u00e2 n c \u1ee5 c U \u01b0 \u1edf n g C IA t\u1ea1i S \u00e0i G\u00d211 \u0111 \u01b0 \u1ef1 c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 cho A.Bram. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n B\u1ed9 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec7n Khi\u00eam l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng do ch\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh, t\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng 1. Ban Chi \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, T\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc: Thang l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc, Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1995, tr. 88. 281","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u1eeba ki\u00eam ti\u1ec3u khu tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eeba n\u1eafm vi\u1ec7c chi \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tri\u1ec3n khai quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1969 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1eeba c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u1eeba m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo, mua chu\u1ed9c. v \u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a ta, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 60 - 70% s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3o an, d\u00e2n v\u1ec7, 40.000 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, ch\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e1t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. \\\"Tranh th\u00f9 tr\u00e1i tim kh\u1ed1i \u00f3c c\u00f9a n\u00f4ng d \u00e2 n \\\", t\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u00e2m m\u01b0u th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 26-3-1970, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\" g\u1ed3m 6 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, 22 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u00e0n l\u00e0: h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p su\u1ea5t l\u01b0u tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb 100 ha (theo d\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 57 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 \u0110\u00ecnh Di\u1ec7m ) xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 15 ha \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 5 ha \u1edf Trung B\u1ed9, c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ru\u1ed9ng cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1 canh. Lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\" c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec7u, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1 canh, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 sang kinh doanh t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Theo Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \\\"tru\u1ea5t h\u1eefu\\\" ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng cho m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n canh t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 3 ha \u1edf Nam B\u1ed9, 1 ha \u1edf Trung B\u1ed9 (\u0111i\u1ec1u 12). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i cho giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t cho quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, song vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh hai m\u1eb7t trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f9a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1eb7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1 canh, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phong ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e0ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u n\u00f4ng 282","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. kinh doanh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \\\"h\u1eefu s\u1ea3n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\\\", \u00e9p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1eadn \\\"ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n\\\", ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n bu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam, bu\u1ed9c n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0o gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang: \\\"C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n... n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Khi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 \u0111\u00ea chong l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\\\"'. Sau 4 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\", \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 1,2 tri\u1ec7u ha ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t cho 750 ngh\u00ecn h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi2. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\", \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long l\u00e0m \u01b0\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng; v\u1eeba kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, v\u1eeba d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp nh\u1eb1m d\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2ng bao ta vao c\u00e1c khu t\u1eadp \u01b0ung, 'khu tru m \u1eadt\u201d, \\\"\u00e1p chi\u00e9n l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", \\\"\u1ea5p t\u00e2n sinh\\\". \u0110\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y 3 s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 4 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 c\u00f9ng 68 ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3o an v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, d\u00e2n v\u1ec7, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh... ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. 1. Lu\u1eadt N g\u01b0 \u1edd i c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng, C\u1ee5c C hinh hu\u1ea5n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e0n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1970, tr. 35-36 2. \u0110\u1eb7ng Phong, Kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1955-1975, Nxb. KHXH, H.2004, \u01b0 262. 283","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung ho\u1eb7c tha ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e0u th\u1ef1c, \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfm \u0103n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p gia t\u0103ng. Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u00ec \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \\\"n\u0103m 1960, 80% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n. V\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb hay b\u00f2 ngh\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n nay s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 60% \\\"'. C\u00f2n \u1edd th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, n\u0103m 1954, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f3 1.614.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 2.254.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long n\u0103m 1954 chi c\u00f3 520.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 1.230.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi2. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c \u1edd mi\u1ec1n Nam. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft do vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e2y \u0103n tr\u00e1i, ph\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n h\u00e9cta ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \\\"khu tr\u00f9 m\u1eadt\\\", v\u00e0 sau n\u1eefa do b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1eddi bom \u0111\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ng\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 30 - 80%, do n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n b\u00f2 ru\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 1. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, B\u1ed9 C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba xu\u1ea5t b\u00e0n, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1970, tr. 25. 2. Ban Kinh t\u1ebf Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam, Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e2n s\u1ed1, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 1971. 284","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \/V. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng... m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965, mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp l\u00faa g\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 nh\u1eadp ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t t\u0103ng. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t \u01b0i\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a. v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi h\u00e0nh Lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\", M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"canh t\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\\\". Ri\u00eang t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp 157.436 m\u00e1y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, M\u1ef9, T\u00e2y \u0110\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 18.493 m\u00e1y c\u00e0y tay v\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e0y 4 b\u00e1nh tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 30 m\u00e3 l\u1ef1c, 444 m\u00e1y g\u1eb7t \u0111\u1eadp l\u00faa, 2.152 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974, mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp h\u01a1n 186.000 m\u00e1y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 20.000 m\u00e1y c\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970- 1973, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa chi\u1ebfm 80% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa chi\u1ebfm 60% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Song vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m canh, t\u0103ng v\u1ee5 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n chc, n\u0103ng su\u00e2t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 2,2 t\u1ea5n\/ha. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn chi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0, v\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\" v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \\\"hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\\\", \\\"canh t\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\\\", M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ti\u1ec3u n\u00f4ng, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 d\u1ef1a kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110en nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 70, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 285","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t phong ki\u1ebfn, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung n\u00f4ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y mi\u1ec1n Nam ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, trong n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam, giai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu phong ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a b\u1ecf v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u00e0n. Trung n\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trung t\u00e2m trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, chi\u1ebfm 70 - 80% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung n\u00f4ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng chi c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung n\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, trong n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0m thu\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ph\u00fa n\u00f4ng - t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n. T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0m thu\u00ea (bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c, n\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u0169ng \u0111i l\u00e0m thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng) chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 30 - 40%). T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n (ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 trang tr\u1ea1i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ee7 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c cho thu\u00ea v\u00e0 b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng theo l\u1ed1i t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a) \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3,7% s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 12,33% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch canh t\u00e1c. Tuy v\u1eady, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh giai c\u1ea5p t\u01b0 s\u00e0n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 chi ph\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf c\u1eeda, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean doanh v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Song do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edd c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 li\u00ean doanh m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1, da, d\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed7, gi\u1ea5y 286","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.., v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh tr\u00ean, ph\u00e1t tri\u00ean nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Tuy thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, song ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 1\/3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chi chi\u1ebfm 1\/10 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed. Kho\u1ea3ng 70% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ec7t l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 1955, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 m\u00f4n b\u00e0i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972, s\u1ed1 m\u00f4n b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 219.000 chi\u1ebfc, t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh doanh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f2 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1 th\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Theo t\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c san c\u1ee7a \\\"Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp c\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\\\" n\u0103m 1973, th\u00ec \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 2.998 c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 183.000 h\u1ed9 kinh doanh c\u00e1 th\u1ec3. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 2.920 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf, trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ed9 c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 180.000 h\u1ed9 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. v \u1ec1 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0y c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9ng\\\", ''Canh t\u00e2n h\u00f3a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\\\" c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa v\u1eabn gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 chi ph\u1ed1i trong c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn 1973, kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh n\u00ean h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, b\u1ebfn b\u00e3i v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd 287","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1974, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 38.000 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1 nhanh. N\u0103m 1969, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1edd th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb l\u00e0 67 v\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970 t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 70 v\u1ea1n. Tuy v\u1eady, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tranh, cho n\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong v\u00f2ng 13 n\u0103m (1960-1973), t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 50% (1960: 81 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, 1973: 122,8 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng) t\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 4% m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y n\u0103m 1961 l\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m, ng\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1972 l\u00e0 111,9%, t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 20%, trung b\u00ecnh 2% m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, th\u1ea5p hom nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb 1961 \u0111\u1ebfn 1972, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh 12% m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n Nam, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i giao x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m c\u00f4 l\u1eadp cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1eeb khi l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n, T\u1ed5ng thong M \u1ef9 N\u00edchxom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng du \u0111\u1ebfn Li\u00ean X\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Paris, ch\u00fang n\u00eau ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 14-5-1969, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb 8 \u0111i\u1ec3m, ngang ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f2i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t 288","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.., Nam, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Trong cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p ri\u00eang Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (8-1969), K\u00edtxinhgi\u01a1 h\u0103m d\u1ecda: \\\"Neu \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1-11-1969 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o th\u00ec M \u1ef9 s\u1ebd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u0169ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u1eadu qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\\\". Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trinh s\u00e1t, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e9m bom \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kho t\u00e0ng, b\u1ebfn b\u00e3i, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9a ta nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc cho chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam. Song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\", \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf L\u00e0o, d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n, bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 v\u00f9ng d\u1ecdc bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam - L\u00e0o, Vi\u1ec7t Nam - Campuchia, r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ra to\u00e0n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng \u00e2m m\u01b0u v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p horn tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch m\u1edbi. II. \u0110\u00c1NH B\u1ea0I M\u1ed8T B\u01af\u1edaC QUAN TR\u1eccNG CHI\u00c9N L\u01af\u1ee2C \\\"VI\u1ec6T NAM H\u00d3A CHIF.N TR A N H \\\" C\u1ec8TA M\u1ef8 1. Tinh th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1eedng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b \u1ed9 \\\", bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng thang chi\u1ebfn tranh. Song do b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ngoan c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e2m m\u01b0u duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n m\u1edbi \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ta trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eadm chuy\u1ec3n hu\u1edbng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng sau T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, b\u1ecf l\u1ecfng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 289","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1ea0P 13 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n k\u00edch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta ra xa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Sau cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n n\u0103m 1968, ta do m\u1ea5t b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hao h\u1ee5t, v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, thu\u1ed1c men b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ti\u00eau hao ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp b\u1ed5 sung, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Tinh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 bi quan, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta v\u1eabn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u00e1ng 11-1968 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \\\"chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee3t cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0o m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee3t cao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o m\u00f9a H\u00e8 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t sau n\u1eefa nh\u00e0m gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i xoay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ta \\\" 1. \u0110e th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung \u0111o\u00e0n ph\u00e1o binh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb binh ch\u1ee7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u0169 kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed t\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 13 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n, 99 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i, 35 trung \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u1ee7y v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n khu, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phong tr\u00e0o t\u0103ng gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Trong l\u00fac v\u1eeba chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang T\u00e2y Ninh li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y 48, B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y 49, B\u00ecnh T\u00e2y 50 c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Chu Pa. Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n hai tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean b\u1ebb g\u00e3y cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n C\u00e1i h\u1ebbm \u0110iu\u00e2y c\u1ee7a 1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1eadp III, Nxb. Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1985, tr. 451. 290","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai C\u00f4cava, \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i Trung \u0111o\u00e0n 9 l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Nam B\u1ed9 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0o c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u01af Minh (R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1), t\u1eadp k\u00edch s\u00e2n bay L\u1ed9 T\u1ebb, S\u1edf Chi huy S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 25 M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng D\u00f9, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5m qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u1edf Th\u1ecb T\u00ednh (Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t) g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1i Paris ng\u00e0y 25-1-1969, phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f9a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u1ed1n b\u00ean v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c khai m\u1ea1c. Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a do B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Xu\u00e2n Th\u1ee7y l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n, \u1ee7 y vi\u00ean B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam L\u00ea \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam do \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n B\u1eedu Ki\u1ebfm l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n, b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1ea7n Ho\u00e0i Nam l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n, c \u1ea7 m \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u00e0 Hariman; ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Vi\u1ec7t Nam C \u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Cao K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u0103ng L\u00e2m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n N\u00edchx\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh the m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf ngay trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, ph\u00eda M \u1ef9 v\u1eabn b\u00e1m gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \\\"c\u00f9ng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n\\\", kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c khu phi qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Gi\u01a1nev\u01a1 1962 v\u1ec1 L\u00e0o, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u00f9 quy\u00ean C am puchia. Q uan \u0111i\u00eam tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ngang h\u00e0ng k\u1ebb x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c, do \u0111\u00f3 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1eeba m\u1edf ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc. Sau cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u v\u00e0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00eam 22 r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y 23-2-1969, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 m \u1edd cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t. T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp k\u00edch s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t, s\u00e2n bay Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, khu kho Long B\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 M\u1ef9 \u1edd D\u1ea7u Ti\u1ebfng, Tr\u00e0 Cao, Tr\u00e0ng L\u1edbn, \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a v\u00e0 b\u00e8 g\u00e3y cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n C\u00e1i N\u00eam S\u00e1t L\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 1 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o D\u1ea7u Ti\u1ebfng. 291","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, ta ph\u00e1o k\u00edch v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecb x\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay M \u1ef9 Tho, B\u1ebfn Tre, c \u1ea7 n Th\u01a1, S\u00f3c Tr\u0103ng, B\u1ea1c Li\u00eau, C\u00e0 Mau. T\u1ea1i Nam Trung B\u1ed9, ta t\u1eadp k\u00edch c\u1ea3ng Ninh Ch\u1eef, ti\u1ec3u khu Phan Thi\u1ebft, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 \u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t, s\u00e2n bay Th\u00e0nh S\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a ta sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m phi M \u1ef9 h\u00f3a \u1edd v\u00f9ng Chu Pa \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y th\u1ecb x\u00e3 C\u00f4ng Tum, bao v\u00e2y, uy hi\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a \u1edf Pl\u00e2y c\u1ea7n, \u0110\u1ee9c C\u01a1, Kleng, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o h\u1eadu c\u00fa c\u1ee7a L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 1 M\u1ef9 \u1edd T\u00e2n Ph\u00e1, t\u1eadp k\u00edch qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u1edf s\u00e2n bay \u0110\u1eafc T\u00f4, bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi Kleng, lui v\u1ec1 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf th\u1ecb x\u00e3 C\u00f4ng Tum v\u00e0 tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng 14. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Khu IV, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9a ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o 9 th\u1ecb x\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, 33 chi khu qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 qu\u1eadn l\u1ef5, 8 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00e2n bay, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, khu kho d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1o, s\u1edf chi huy, b\u00e3i xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi, g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. Ket th\u00fac h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u Xu\u00e2n 1969, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o 36 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng, s\u00e2n bay, s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D o n h\u1eef ng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a ta trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00f4ng tan c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d \u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp b\u1ed5 sung, cho n\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho phong tr\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Sau cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i d\u1ea7n l\u00ean v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u \u0111i. 292","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 5-1969, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \\\"Ve t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5\\\" c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u Xu\u00e2n M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd nghTa chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u00f9a ta trong th\u1eddi gian qua v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 g\u00e2y cho ta nh\u0169ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lung lay r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng thang t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng duy tr\u00ec cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n nay trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n \u1ed3 \u1ea1t v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ra c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra theo hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, M\u1ef9 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1edbm chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; Hai l\u00e0, s\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh, M\u1ef9 s\u00ea c\u1ed1 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i chi\u1ebfn tranh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh. Chi\u1ebfn tranh di\u1ec5n ra theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a M\u1ef9. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi c\u01a1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebf th\u1eeba th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9a M\u1ef9\\\". Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1 ra l\u00e0: \\\"\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1t huy th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ba m\u0169i gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i giao, ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u00e2m m\u01b0u k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh 293","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u01b0\u00ean th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng phi M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00e1nh cho M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1nh cho ng\u1ee5y ph\u1ea3i suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0 ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, trung l\u1eadp, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n h \u00e0\\\"1. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, bao v\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n xung y\u1ebfu, v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai v\u00e0 gi\u00e1p ranh, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u1edbn. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5-1969, Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee3t xu\u00e2n, ra s\u1ee9c ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u sinh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f9a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch; ph\u00e1t huy c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng, Hu\u1ebf, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n; \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, binh v\u1eadn; ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n khu, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m \u1edf \u0111 \u1ee3 t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m \u00f9a H\u00e8 1969, d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11-5. Trong khi chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi th\u00ec ng\u00e0y 8-5-1969, t\u1ea1i Paris di\u1ec5n ra phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 16. T\u1ea1i phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp n\u00e0y, \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfu M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam V i\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m , trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat qu\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam do nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 10 \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a ta trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. L\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e0ng to\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 30, S\u0111d, tr. 132. 294","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n M\u1ef9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u1eabn t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n, \u00e2m m\u01b0u gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bu\u1ed9c ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, theo \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0y 11-5-1969, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o 830 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 57 c\u0103n c\u1ee9, s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy v\u00e0 41 s\u00e2n bay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Tr\u1ecb - Thi\u00ean, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ra v\u00f9ng thung l\u0169ng A L\u01b0\u1edbi - A B\u00faa. Qua 13 ng\u00e0y chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean - Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n d\u00f9 187, lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 1.500 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch. T\u1ea1i Khu V, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang qu\u00e2n khu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba t\u00ean l\u1eeba HOK \u1edf \u0110\u00e0 Nang, S\u1edd Chi huy l\u00ednh th\u1ee7y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 S\u1edd Ch\u1ec9 huy L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n 11, L\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n American v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9. Tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0110\u1eafc T\u00f4. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt bao v\u00e2y, \u00e1p s\u00e1t, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt di t\u1ea3n, co c\u1ee5m, \u0111\u00f3ng ch\u1ed1t \u0111i\u1ec3m cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ta \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t 3 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i 2 ti\u1ebfu \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp k\u00edch, ph\u00e1o k\u00edch c\u1ea3ng Nh\u00e0 B\u00e8, khu kho Long B\u00ecnh, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 N\u01b0\u1edbc Trong, tr\u01b0\u1eddng hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Quang Trung, s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp c\u1ea7u L\u00e1i Thi\u00eau, t\u1eadp k\u00edch khu kho qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 G\u00f2 V\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 1, S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 5, S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 7, S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 9 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edd chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch T\u00e2y Ninh - B\u00ecnh Long - Long Kh\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. 295","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Sau h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 29 ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ecbch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh. Trong th\u00e1ng 6-1969, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0m n\u1ee9c l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Trong 3 ng\u00e0y 6, 7 v\u00e0 8 th\u00e1ng 6, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, b\u1ea7u ra Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng c \u1ed1 van Ch\u00ednh ph\u00fa. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ea5n Ph\u00e1t - Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7 y ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u00f2i v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u1ecd - Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u0110o\u00e0n Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7 y ban Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 Tr\u1ecbnh \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ea3o - Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7 y ban li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u00f9 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ra s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0y 10-6-1969, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp phi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1eeb B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Ngo\u1ea1i giao Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B\u00ecnh l\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Paris v\u1ec1 V i\u1ec7t N am thay cho \u0110 o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a M \u1eb7t tr\u1eadn D \u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, \\\"\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn c\u00f9a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tong t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 noi d\u1eady, s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u00f9a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n N am \\\"\\\\ Ngay sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e2m th\u1eddi C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 23 n\u01b0\u1edbc 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u00e1ng lo\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 30, S\u0111d, tr. 188. 296","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng.. x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao. Trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t \u00e1c li\u1ec7t. Do ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u00e2m m\u01b0u m\u1edbi c\u00f9a M\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ta, cho n\u00ean ta v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, b\u00f2 ng\u1ecf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 h\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n k\u00edch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u00e1p ranh, \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00f9 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta b\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u00f9ng r\u1eebng n\u00fai. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ta \u1edf v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ta, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y kho t\u00e0ng, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t h\u00e0nh lang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i 559. \u1ede v\u00f2ng trong, 60 \u0111\u1ebfn 70% c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edf c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ta, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 ra chi ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: N\u0103m 1969, ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 30% c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 98.763 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1970 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh 100% cho 60% v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed51. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m \u00e1y t\u00f4 ch\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n l\u1edbn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c, b\u1ea3o an, d\u00e2n v\u1ec7, c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, v\u00f9ng quanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 Khu V. s \u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy m\u00f4 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. T\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9, trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1edf h\u01a1n 300 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u01a1n 420 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long. 1. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0y 12-6-1969 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. 297","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ecbch tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p, t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ta. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n coi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \\\"cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh d\u00e2n\\\". D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a CIA, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng\\\", \\\"Thi\u00ean Nga\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tung v\u1ec1 kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi \u0111i\u1ec3m, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u00e1m s\u00e1t, th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau, b\u1eaft b\u1edb c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, du k\u00edch v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh nghi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p d\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1969, \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n bao quanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u00e1c tinh \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh c\u1ef1c Nam Trung B\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng C\u1eedu Long, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm, chi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0110 \u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p M\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 u Minh. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. C\u00e1c S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n 5, 7, 9 ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c M i\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Campuchia. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p qu\u00e2n khu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 1\/3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1968. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n du k\u00edch x\u00e3, \u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n khu c\u0169 n g n\u00e0m trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u01b0ng t\u1ef1. T \u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e9n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u00e1nh ng\u0169, \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecbch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1eady, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u gian kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ef9 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y bay n\u00e9m bom, b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o, r\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c \u0111om v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1m b\u00e1o, bi\u1ec7t k\u00edch t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f9ng s\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf v\u0169 kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c men cho v\u00f9ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i Khu V hy sinh h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khi 298"]