["Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ef1c.. khi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eeb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng \u1edf M \u1ef9 (11-1968) k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ti\u1ebfp theo. Ch\u00fang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba v\u1edbi 120 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 50 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u01b0ong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ed1ng ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 l\u00ean 525.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e2n tham chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00ean 1,2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m \u1edf ti\u1ebfp cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 3 (\u0110\u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n 1967-1968) v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng Nam B\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n mang t\u00ean \\\"H\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0ng\\\" ng\u00e0y 8-12-1967 c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o C\u00e0 Tum, Chi\u1ebfn khu c . Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng v\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, n\u00ean ch\u00fang bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 r\u00fat ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u01b0\u1ecdng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n ta. Sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 13 (1-1967), trong n\u0103m 1967, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam. T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta ph\u00e1t huy m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ra s\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lli\u00e1ng l\u1ee3i lo l\u1edbn. T icp \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u00e0ii c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eeb v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eafm v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Th\u00e1ng 5-1967, sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, xem x\u00e9t D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng Xu\u00e2n 1967-1968, do Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u1edfi th\u1ea3o. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, th\u00e1ng 6-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn b\u1ea3n D\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n hai 199","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 mi\u1ec1n Nam - B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ea9y M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf l\u00fang t\u00fang, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ed5 sung, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn trong th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp theo. Nh\u1eb1m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean, th\u00e1ng 7-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p r\u00fat tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, b\u1eaft tay x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn, m\u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Thu \u0110\u00f4ng 1967, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00fan s\u00e2u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam. \u0110e k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, trang b\u1ecb v\u0169 kh\u00ed cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. V\u00e0, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 24-10-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i h\u1ecdp b\u00e0n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m 1968. T\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00e0ng: M \u1ef9 \u0111ang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch, c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh \u01b0\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng qu\u00e2n, M \u1ef9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00ec l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e0ng b\u1ebf t\u1eafc th\u00eam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do b\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n ngoan c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 t\u00e2m x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u00e0 x\u00e2u x\u00e9 nhau. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, M\u1ef9 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng cho kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp h\u01a1n. v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, B\u1ed9 C h\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam 200","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u00f9y v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam m\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh s\u00e2u v\u00e0o h\u1eadu c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng, m\u1edd r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. \u1edc Nam B\u1ed9, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Long, L\u1ed9c Ninh, c\u1eaft giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t \u1edf M\u1ef9 Tho, Long An, c \u1ea7 n Th\u01a1, R\u1ea1ch Gi\u00e1, Ch\u00e2u \u0110\u1ed1c. \u1edc T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, ta m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1eafc T\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u1ef5 2 l\u1eef \u0111o\u00e0n M\u1ef9. \u1ede Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edd Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110i\u1ec1n, Tri\u1ec7u Phong, H\u1ea3i L\u0103ng, Phong \u0110i\u1ec1n. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn t\u1eadp k\u00edch s\u00e2n bay, kho t\u00e0ng, g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecbch. Chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n, bu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ec9 huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf d\u1edd k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 xung quanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u1ede mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Nam. M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng S\u01a1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, s\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u00e0i c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng lcn, b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0m v\u1eadn chuycn m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n Nam, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 t\u1eeb h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, sau khi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbch, th\u00e1ng 12-1967, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Xu\u00e2n M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 14 Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdp (th\u00e1ng 1-1968) nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 chi r\u00f5: Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n 201","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn l\u1edb n ... Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1edbi, gi\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khi\u1ebfn cho M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 ba v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \\\"chuy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n N am sang m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\" . \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01af\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u00f9a ta trong then k\u1ef3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0: \\\"\u0110\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u0169ng no l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u00e0 hai mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9a ta l\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao nh\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tong c\u00f4ng k\u00edch v\u00e0 tong kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \\\" 7. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch - t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edb c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, gi\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 tay nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng sinh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eadp tan \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thua \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1. \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, V\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng lo\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t\u1eadp 29, S\u0111d, tr. 50. 2. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr. 50. 202","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. m\u1eaft c\u00f9a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u00f9, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, trung l\u1eadp, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0'. B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb cho r\u1eb1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 Nang - n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111ang s\u01a1 h\u1edf, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch - T\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn theo m\u1ed9t trong ba kh\u1ea3 n\u00e2ng: 1. Ta th\u1eafng l\u1edbn, bu\u1ed9c M \u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thua v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ta \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac chi\u1ebfn tranh. 2. Ta gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn tranh. 3. M \u1ef9 t\u0103ng th\u00eam qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ra c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \\\"t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch - t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\\\" trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n tr\u00ean 1 tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1edbn, n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u1edbn l\u00e0 hai m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c \\\"t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch - t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\\\" \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 3 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1eebng n\u00fai. M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ec7nh b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng trong to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng b\u1eafn trong d\u1ecbp T\u1ebft. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ta v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \\\"t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng k\u00edch, t\u1ed5ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. Cu\u1ed9c \\\"t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng\\\" v\u00e0 \\\"n\u1ed5i d\u1eady\\\" 1. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr. 50. 203","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n ch\u00fa l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, trong \u0111\u00eam giao th\u1eeba T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 h\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan nh\u1ea5t. 2. Di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi binh t\u1ea1i m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 - Khe Sanh c\u1ee7a Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M \u1ef9 t\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00f3p bu M\u1ef9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 12-1-1968, li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t - L\u00e0o m\u1edf chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u1edf N\u1eadm B\u1ea1c. Trong khi \u0111\u1ecbch bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi ta \u1edf c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e0o, \u0111\u00eam 20-1-1968, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m Khe Sanh, uy hi\u1ebfp d\u1eef d\u1ed9i tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 9 c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch. \\\"Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Vi\u1ec7c Oasinht\u01a1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u1eedi qu\u00e2n chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ed3n Ti\u00ean, L\u1ed9c Ninh, S\u00f4ng B\u00e9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1eafc T\u00f4 tuy c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M \u1ef9 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1967, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ed3n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c Khe Sanh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M \u1ef9 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 T\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1p l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00ea l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn \u0110 i\u1ec7n B i\u00ean Ph\u1ee7. T rong khi M \u1ef9 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o Khe Sanh th\u00ec B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hai c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn d \u1ecbch \\\"1. Khe Sanh, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao nguy\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng g\u1ea7n 10km. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ph\u00f2ng tuy\u1ebfn M\u1eafc Namara nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc 1. George c. Herring, Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1950- 1975), Nxb. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H. 2004, tr. 314. 204","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \/\/. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh phong chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00fa \u1edd ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 ven bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c tinh Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb. Do t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 9 - Khe Sanh m\u1edf m\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thu h\u00fat t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u1ea7u N\u0103m g\u00f3c. Trong khi M \u1ef9 \u0111ang d\u1ed3n s\u1ee9c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1edbi Qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9 - Khe Sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00eam 28-1-1968 (t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00eam 29 th\u00e1ng Ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m \u0110inh M\u00f9i 1967), tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00eam Giao th\u1eeba m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u00e1c tinh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 s\u00fang ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, qu\u1eadn l\u1ef5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ngay t\u1eeb 23 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam 28-1-1968, ph\u00e1o binh qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 Trung t\u00e2m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Nha Trang. \u0110\u00fang 0 gi\u1edd 30 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 29-1-1968, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n T\u00e2n C\u00f4ng, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Kon Tum (tinh Kon Tum), th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t (t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1eafc L\u1eafc), th\u1ecb x\u00e3 Pl\u00e2ycu (t\u00ecnh Gia Lai), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 H\u1ed9i An (t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 - Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00edn), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Quy Nh\u01a1n (B\u00ecnh \u0110 \u1ecbnh)... Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp theo, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf, Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t, Kon Tum , M \u1ef9 Tho, V\u0129nh L ong, Ki\u1ebfn Tir\u00f2mg, l ong Kh\u00e1nh, T\u00e2y Ninh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbch. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. S\u00e0i G\u00f2n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o chi huy c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tham gia b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fac 2 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng m\u00f9ng 1 T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y 29-1-1968. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 205","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 v\u0169 trang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. C\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t \u00e1c li\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hy sinh nhi\u1ec1u, song kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 quan B\u1ed9 T\u1ed5ng tham m\u01b0u v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay. T\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ecbch t\u1eadp trung r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh. - \u0110\u00fang \u0111\u00eam Giao th\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c \\\"\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\", c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u1edf 37 trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 44 t\u00ecnh, 5 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, 64 th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, qu\u1eadn l\u1ef5. - Qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00fang h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, c\u00e1c s\u1edd chi huy c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9, c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00f9, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c kho t\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m t\u00ea li\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam b\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, th\u00ec \u1edd hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf, cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea1i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1eadn c\u00e1c s\u00e0o huy\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 T\u00f2a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 M\u1ef9, Dinh \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, B\u1ed9 Tong tham mini qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, B \u1ed9 T\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh bi\u1ec7t khu th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4, T\u1ed5ng Nha c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, s\u00e2n bay T\u00e2n S\u01a1n Nh\u1ea5t, S\u1edf Chi huy c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh M \u1ef9 s\u1ed1 1, 9, 25, 101... \u0110i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c v\u1ea1n qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang \u1edd n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u1edd ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c qu\u1eadn 4, 5, 6, 7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb b\u1ecdn \u00e1c \u00f4n ngoan c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn m\u1eadt v\u1ee5. Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, ph\u00e1 \u00e1ch k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p, gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7. T\u1ea1i Hu\u1ebf, sau 4 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng (k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb 2 gi\u1edd 33 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 31-1- 1968), qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, 206","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ef1c.., nh\u01b0 Dinh T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0110\u1ed3n C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t, \u0110\u00e0i Ph\u00e1t thanh, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a v\u00e0 H\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, s\u00e2n b a y ... \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00f9 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 trong 25 ng\u00e0y li\u1ec1n (t\u1eeb 31-1 \u0111\u1ebfn 25-2-1968) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tr\u1eadn ph\u00e0n k\u00edch c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecbch. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m, x\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn l\u0169y, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf, c\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh. Gia H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i d\u1eady m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Thanh ni\u00ean Hu\u1ebf, H\u1ed9i Binh s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ly khai ra \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed5. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n tham gia c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i du k\u00edch, t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c. \u1edc nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb x\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Kon Turn, Pl\u00e2ycu, Bu\u00f4n Ma Thu\u1ed9t, Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb, Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, Ben Tre, M\u1ef9 Tho,... c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u1eabn n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u1edbi kh\u00ed th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eadp tan b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee5 k\u00ecm k\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch; ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \\\"\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\"; \u0111\u1eadp tan, b\u1ee9c r\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3n b\u1ed1t; gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m \u1edbi... Chi trong v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee3t 1 cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 noi rl\u1eady, qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u00ean N am \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u 150.000 \u0111\u1ecbch, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 45.000 l\u00ednh M\u1ef9, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, b\u1eafn r\u01a1i 2.370 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm 233 t\u00e0u xu\u1ed3ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 3.500 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 1.750 xe b\u1ecdc th\u00e9p. T\u1eeb trong cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \\\"Li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh\\\" \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, Hu\u1ebf v\u00e0 to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam - \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1edf 207","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, t\u1eadp trung c\u00e0ng thu h\u00fat \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp trung gian, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00eam s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n m\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u00e0m cho M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng. Nh\u01b0ng do l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng (h\u01a1n n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9, g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f9a ch\u00fang \u1edb th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n ta \u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb l\u1eabn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong \u0111\u1ee3t 2 v\u00e0 3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta g\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. Qu\u00e2n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef trong \u0111\u1ee3t 1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u01b0\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbch chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f9. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n h i\u1ec1u 1. Sau hai th\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1ng cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n th\u1ebf b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef\\\". Ng\u00e0y 22-3-1968, Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a sang Vi\u1ec7t N am th\u00eam 240.000 qu\u00e2n. Trong n\u0103m 1968, s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 B .52 n\u00e9m bom t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bom n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec1n Num Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 1 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n. Th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 4 - 1968, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn \\\"t\u00ecm v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t\\\" l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 100.000 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u00e1c tinh quanh S\u00e0i G\u00f2n\\\"2. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 4-1968, Clipph\u1edbt, B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 1. 11 v\u1ea1n c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng. 2. George c. Herring, Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1950- 1975), S\u0111d, tr. 353. 208","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.., cho B\u1ed9 Chi huy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 M\u1ef9 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ba bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p: 1. Ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00f9 M \u1ef9 \u1edf trong v\u00e0 xung quanh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u khu, chi khu qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng. 2. L\u1eadp nh\u1eefng v\u00e0nh \u0111ai \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi c\u00f9a Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. 3. M \u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01a1i v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 M \u1ef9 c\u0169ng m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t d\u00e3 man. \u1ede S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tinh Nam B\u1ed9, trung tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng 3-1968, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n quy\u1ebft th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ven th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Long An, H\u1eadu Ngh\u0129a - Th\u1ee7 D\u1ea7u M\u1ed9t - Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a, v\u00e0 m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n to\u00e0n th\u1eafng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f9a Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng. \u1ede ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf Ph\u00fa Vang, Ph\u00fa L\u1ed9c, H\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee7y. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf khu V, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp m\u1edf c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e0n quct v\u00f9ng vcn \u0111c D\u00e0 Nang, Qu\u1ea3ng N g\u0169i, Quy N h\u01a1n... Ch\u00fang g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c man r\u1ee3. Ch\u00ec trong 2 th\u00e1ng (th\u00e1ng 3 v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 4-1968), qu\u00e2n M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 Nam Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i 1.235 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea7n Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \u1edf S\u01a1n M\u1ef9 thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n S\u01a1n T\u1ecbnh, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 501 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0y 24-4-1968, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 Qu\u00e2n \u1ee7y Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdp ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ee3t II. \u00dd \u0111\u1ed3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 209","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \u0111\u1ee3t II T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00e2y h\u00e3m Khe Sanh, k\u00ecm gi\u1eef v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecbch \u1edb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng 9, Tr\u1ecb Thi\u00ean, T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 Hu\u1ebf, \u0110\u00e0 Nang. Th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n Nam l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 4-5 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 6-1968. Cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ee3t II, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00eam 4-5, m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edd S\u00e0i G\u00f2n - Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y cho \u0111\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Trong \u0111\u00eam ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 4 r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y m \u00f9ng 5-5, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1t n\u1ed5 s\u00fang v\u00e0o h\u01a1n 30 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb x\u00e3, 70 th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, qu\u1eadn v\u00e0 chi khu, 27 b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n, s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n, trung \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M \u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 44 s\u00e2n bay qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1; nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng, nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. T\u00ednh chung \u01b0ong th\u00e1ng 5-1968, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t, l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng 72.000 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbch (c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 32.000 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i); b\u1eafn r\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u01a1n 1.000 m\u00e1y bay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i; b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 2.100 xe qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, b\u1eafn ch\u00e1y 120 t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn l\u1edbn nh\u00f2, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y tr\u00ean 230 kh\u1ea9u ph\u00e1o, ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng g\u1ea7n 300 c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1ng... Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t, trcn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra T \u1ed1ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129u nh\u01b0 kc ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ta ch\u1ee7 quan trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 do t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng v\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn, k\u1ebft th\u00fac nhanh chi\u1ebfn tranh; chi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u chinh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u1ee3t 1 v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n Nam, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng \\\"Chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. 210","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed3i d\u1eady v\u1eabn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m lung lay \u00fd ch\u00ed x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n chinh M\u1ef9, bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng thang chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai mi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady Tet M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"Chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\", bu\u1ed9c M\u1ef9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng thang chi\u1ebfn tranh, chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"phi M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a\\\", r\u1ed3i \\\"Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a chi\u1ebfn tranh\\\". B\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean c\u00e0 hai mi\u1ec1n Nam B\u1eafc, m\u00f9a Xu\u00e2n 1968, qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n Nam. B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f2n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn trong khi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t (v\u1edbi 1,2 tri\u1ec7u qu\u00e2n, trong \u0111\u00f3 hom n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9), m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ecfa l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 xung l\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u1edf h\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u nh\u1ea5t... \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00fa ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho\u00e1ng v\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, g\u00e2y b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t cho gi\u1edbi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 L\u1ea7u N\u0103m G\u00f3c. V\u1eady l\u00e0, sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 1965-1966 v\u00e0 1966-1967 nh\u1eb1m \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t\u201d Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, \\\"b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\" mi\u1ec1n Nam trong v \u00f2 n g 6 th \u00e1 n g , 12 th \u00e1 n g r\u1ed3i 18 th \u00e1 n g c\u0169 n g k h \u00f4 n g x on g ; c-\u00e1c k \u1ebf h o \u1ea1c h ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea3m b\u1ea1i,... th\u00ec b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc, che ch\u1edf, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 lu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u, \u00e9m s\u1eb5n ngay b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay trong l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch, r\u1ed3i khi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn, b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t gi\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2n ch \u00ed m\u1ea1ng. Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean kia chi\u1ebfn tuy\u1ebfn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 211","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng... v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea7m b\u00ed m\u1eadt 3 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u v\u0169 kh\u00ed ngay trong c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edd trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3; nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n 3 \u0111\u00e1y, xe nhi\u1ec1u ng\u0103n... c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u v\u0169 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 cho Qu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1nh M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft qu\u00e2n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u1eady, sau h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m tr\u0103n tr\u1edd v\u00e0 suy ng\u1eabm (k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam k\u1ebft th\u00fac), M\u1eafc Namara - B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: \\\"Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u00f9a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00fac \u0111ay m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c (trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ed9ng) \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 hy sinh cho l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f9a rt\u00f3\\\"1. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \\\"Khi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u00e9 c\u00f9a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 trong khi \u0111oi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u0169ng phong tr\u00e0o nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5y cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng''2. T\u1ed5ng ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady T\u1ebft M\u1eadu Th\u00e2n 1968 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng - t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c quy\u1ebft chi\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Xu\u00e2n 1975 k\u1ebft th\u00fac th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc. N g\u00e0y 30-3-1968, t\u01b0\u00f3ng O \u00e9tm olen \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 pho hi\u1ebfn ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9: - B\u1ecf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"t\u00ecm di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh\\\", thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \\\"qu\u00e9t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef\\\". Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \\\"chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u\\\". \\\"Gi\u1eef\\\" l\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u1eef cho qu\u00e2n M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t 1. Robert S.Mc.Namara, Nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 - t\u1ea5n th\u00e1m k\u1ecbch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (s\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1995, tr. 316. 2. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, tr. 317. 212","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II. \u0110\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.. h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, gi\u1eef cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i S\u00e0i G\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \\\"qu\u00e9t\\\" c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef. - Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a s\u1ebd thay d\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh. - T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed1ng du k\u00edch, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e2n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"phi M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a\\\" chi\u1ebfn tranh, thay cho ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \\\"M\u1ef9 h\u00f3a\\\" chi\u1ebfn tranh (t\u1ee9c \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\") c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N g\u00e0y 31-3-1968, G i\u00f4nx\u01a1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ra tranh c\u1eeb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ra l\u1ec7nh ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb v\u0129 tuy\u1ebfn 20 tr\u1edd ra (\u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 1-11-1968 th\u00ec ng\u1eebng n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc) v\u00e0 c\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n Hai b\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 13-5-1968 (v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n B\u1ed1n b\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 M\u1eadt tr\u1eadn D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 25-1 -1969). B\u00e0n th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00f4nx\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 trong \\\"chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9\\\" \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. 213","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III KH\u00d4I PH\u1ee4C V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ebaN KINH T\u1ebe, V\u0102N H\u00d3A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u1ede MI\u1ec0N B\u1eaeC, \u0110\u00c1NH TH\u1eaeNG CU\u1ed8C CHI\u1ebeN TRANH PH\u00c1 HO\u1ea0I L\u1ea6N TH\u1ee8 HAI C\u1ee6A \u0110\u1ebe QU\u1ed0C M\u1ef8 (1969-1973) L KH\u00d4I PH\u1ee4C V\u00c0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N KINH T\u00c9, V\u0102N H\u00d3A X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u1ede MI\u1ec0N B\u1ea4C, T\u0102NG C\u01af\u1edcNG CHI VI\u1ec6N CHO CHI\u00c9N TR\u01af\u1edcNG MI\u00c8N NAM 1. Mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ec9nh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1964 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u00e0i Ph\u00f2ng, Vinh, Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh, Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u1ed1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Hail h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ecb x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh giao th\u00f4ng, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u m \u1ed1i... \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. T\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu 24 \u1eef\u00e1i bo m 1. Ga H\u00e0ng c \u1ecf (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eadp, khu gang th\u00e9p Th\u00e1i Nguy\u00ean, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m H\u00e0 B\u1eafc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb san ph\u0103ng. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f9a M \u1ef9 m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, trong n\u0103m 1966, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn 1. D\u1ea7n theo Ng\u00f4 V\u0129nh Long: The war in the North. Tr\u00edch trong Encyclopedia o f the Vietnam war, tr. 604, 609. 214","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y 8.304 t\u00f2a nh\u00e0, n\u0103m 1967 con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 3.947 (ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng). Trong s\u1ed1 5.788 l\u00e0ng qu\u00ea \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00f3 4.000 l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. C\u0169ng theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 52.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng do bom M \u1ef91. Nen kinh t\u1ebf v\u1ed1n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 225 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ed1 345 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, kho t\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, s\u01a1 t\u00e1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u00edt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u1ea1m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Vi\u1ec7c quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra chi\u1ebfn \u01b0anh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc l\u00e0 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn chi vi\u1ec7n cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. Do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edd n\u00ean to l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1968, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c chi b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, th\u1ecb x\u00e3. Ng\u00e0nh than c\u0169ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u00e0n hr\u1ee3ng do m \u00e1y m(V, nh\u00e0 s\u00e0ng, c\u00e0ng . bj \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. N h\u00e0 m\u00e1y xi m\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 700 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m, n\u0103m 1968 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, sau khi s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i chi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 100 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1 t\u00e1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 th\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ea1i h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u do ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o d\u1ee1, x\u00e9 l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n, horn n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac, s\u0103n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 1. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. 215","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 y\u1ebfu trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 50% k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1.352 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, bao g\u1ed3m 277 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 1.075 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 \u00e1c li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i do \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng chi chi\u1ebfm 65%, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm 62%, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 chi\u1ebfm 81,4% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong s\u1ed1 13 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, m\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chi b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb 14% - 77% so v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chi ri\u00eang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng 10,9%. B\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sau \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n 2.764 2.684 2.332 2.470 2.671 2.847 3.242 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tri\u1ec7u \u0111) 2. T\u0103ng (%) so 100 97,1 86,9 105,9 108,1 106,6 113,4 v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc N gu\u1ed3n. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, s \u1ed5 li\u1ec7u tl\u00fairig k\u00ea kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9 v\u0103n h\u1ee9a rni\u00e8n B\u1eafc, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1972. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. Neu t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961-1965, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng 8,5% n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 18,9% n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1966-1971 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 5,8% n\u0103m v\u00e0 3,8% n\u0103m. Do s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung s\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng 216","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 do chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. Nh\u00ecn chung n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t huy h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 c\u00e0y, b\u1eeba, xe ch\u1edd n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n...). M\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9t m\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n b\u1edbt cho th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao. Ke ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t 8 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5m, lkg \u0111\u1eadu ph\u1ee5\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng (h\u00e0ng may s\u1eb5n, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng xe \u0111\u1ea1p, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i d\u01b0a c\u00e0, gu\u1ed1c, m\u0169 n\u00f3n, qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng h\u1ecdc sinh...) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng vin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai nguy\u00ean t\u1eb3c theo ki\u1ec3u \\\"th\u1ef1c thanh theo th\u1ef1c chi\\\", t\u1ea1o k\u1ebd h\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c tham \u00f4, tu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, l\u00e0m th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn c\u00f9a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb l\u1ed7. Ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00fang t\u00fang gi\u1eefa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ra l\u00e0m \u0103n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, ho\u1eb7c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 theo ki\u1ec3u \\\"ch\u00e2n trong ch\u00e2n ngo\u00e0i\\\". C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 217","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eed VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c gia c\u00f4ng, thu mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh cao su - nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9t m\u00ec, c\u00f2n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Do s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u00fat k\u00e9m, n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u chinh, t\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sau \u0111\u00e2y: Thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb 1968 -19751 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: VN \u0111\u1ed3ng N\u0103m T\u1ed5ng thu L\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p Thu nh\u1eadp c\u00f9a c\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh 22,90 20,20 2,70 1968 88.00 % 12,00% 100% 23,51 20,18 3,28 1970 85,00 % 15,00% 100% 25,06 19,97 5,09 1973 79,70 % 20,30 % 100% 26,67 21,86 4,81 1974 81,90% 18,10% 100% 1975 100% 80,3 % 19,7 % 1. \u0110\u1eb7ng Phong (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 kinh t\u00e9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-2000, T\u1eadp II, 1955-1975. Nxb. KHXH, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2005. tr. 663-664. 218","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea trong b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n thu ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thu nh\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c trong su\u1ed1t 20 n\u0103m h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. \u0110\u1ed5i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3m, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p n\u00ean s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m canh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1eddi v\u1ee5. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m, k\u00eanh m\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e1ng nh\u1ecf do h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i n\u00ean \u00edt t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u00ean n\u1ea1n h\u1ea1n, \u00fang ch\u01b0a kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n thi\u1ebfu. Gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa m\u1edbi (l\u00faa xu\u00e2n) cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n t\u1ecf ra d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i \u01b0\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n k\u00e9m. Kh\u00e2u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i v\u1ee5 trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t. Do thu nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p, x\u00e3 vi\u00ean t\u1eadp trung c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t 5% v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m \u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thicu c\u00f9a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. M \u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang. Do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n, bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, tham \u00f4 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a \u1edd mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tinh tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00f3t m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cho n\u00f4ng 219","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 nghi\u1ec7p (x\u00e2y c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u01a1m d\u1ea7u, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea1m tr\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c...) song hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00faa gi\u1ea3m, trong khi c\u00e2y hoa m\u00e0u v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 tinh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 200 tr\u1ea1m b\u01a1m \u0111i\u1ec7n, tr\u00ean 700 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m d\u1ea7u, g\u1ea7n 800 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf v\u1edbi ng\u00f3t 2.000 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea1m tr\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa, gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3n, c\u00e1, tr\u1ea1m th\u00fa \u00fd,... th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m m\u00e1y k\u00e9o n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a tinh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn gi\u1ea3m s\u00fa t1. B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb 1968-19732 B\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u N\u0103m S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (kg\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi) l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (t\u1ea5n) L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c Ri\u00eang th\u00f3c 1968 4.628,6 239 192 1969 4.708,9 237 197 1970 5.278,9 257 217 1971 4.920,9 233 195 1972 5.742,2 267 229 1973 5.189,8 236 209 1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 chi ti\u00eau k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1969 (tinh H\u1ea3i D\u01b0\u01a1ng). B\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Tinh \u1ee7\u1ef5 t\u1eeb 23 - 28-12-1968. Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng \u1ee7 y ban K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n 679. 2. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1974, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1974, tr. 295. D\u1ea7n theo PGS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u00ecnh L\u00ea: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1954-1975, Nxb. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2010, tr. 171. 220","Ch\u01b0cmg III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... Chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u1edd n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m, tr\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 kho v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb n\u00e9m bom b\u1eafn ph\u00e1; \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Hom n\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra thi\u00ean tai, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn trong n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng thi\u1ebfu h\u01a1n. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadt t\u01b0, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, s\u01a1 h\u1edf, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 g\u00f2 \u00e9p, m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u1eeba quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n. Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khi th\u00ec qu\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng, khi l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft b\u1edb v\u00f4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, vi ph\u1ea1m quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Tinh tr\u1ea1ng mua b\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i c\u1eeda quy\u1ec1n, m\u00f3c ngo\u1eb7c v\u1edbi con bu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp v\u1eadt t\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u1ed3n ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. T io n g \u0111 \u1ef1 l v\u1eadll \u0111 \u1ed9 n g q u \u00e0 n l\u00fd th\u1ecb ti \u01b0 \u1edd ng, c h \u1ed1 n g \u0111 \u00e0u c \u01b0 \u0103n c \u00e1 p v \u1eadt t\u01b0, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f9a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (theo Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 89 ng\u00e0y 7-9-1968 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1968, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt t\u01b0, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c doanh b\u1ecb r\u00fat ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, th\u00e9p, than, x\u0103ng, d \u1ea7u ..., nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m qu\u00fd h i\u1ebfm ... v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc k\u1ebft th\u00fac. 221","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Trong chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M \u1ef9 \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u00f9a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 70 ngh\u00ecn tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 ga, b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng, b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0, kho b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n bom \u0111\u1ea1n. Trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i kil\u00f4m\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 h\u01a1n 4 l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ng\u00f3t 20 qu\u1ea3 bom \u0111\u1ea1n. Ri\u00eang \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i - Vinh, trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed7i kil\u00f4m\u00e9t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 t\u1edbi 19,5 l\u1ea7 n 1. H\u01a1n 3 tri\u1ec7u m2 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, c\u01a1 s\u1ee1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. \u1ede n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, hom 300 ngh\u00ecn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y. S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u t\u00e0ng l\u00ean, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u1ec1n n\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 do bom \u0111\u1ea1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Nh\u00ecn chung, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 60 - 70%. Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i th\u00f4 s\u01a1 r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean di\u1ec5n ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp v\u1eadt t\u01b0, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong kh\u00e2u b\u1ed1c r\u1ee1, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i trong giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3n \u01b0\u1edf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ed9n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Chi v\u00e0i n\u00e9t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ebb cho la h\u00ecnh dung m \u1ee9 c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y 28-10-1968 v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft 29\/CP c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 1. Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (1945-1990), Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H. 1990, tr. 136. 222","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.., vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, h\u00e0n gan nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed3n th\u1ea5t do chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M \u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong 4 n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 chi r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. N\u0103m 1969 l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0n g\u1eafn v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean tai, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u1edbi, l\u1ea5y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m; l\u1ea5y c\u00e2y l\u00faa, con l\u1ee3n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, gia c\u1ea7m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e2y hoa m\u00e0u, c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p... v \u1ed1 n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n qua t\u1eebng n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn chi chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 1\/6 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961- 1964, v\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u01b0ong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1t 398,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1965-1968 \u0111\u1ea1t 635,3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969- 1972 \u0111\u1ea1t 762,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng'. 1. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1974, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1974, tr. 295. 223","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a, ng\u00e0y 28-4-1969, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u00e1t h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eadc cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean, coi tr\u1ecdng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n x\u00e3 vi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0nh c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh then ch\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m canh t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m giao th\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f9 v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi cho y\u00eau c\u00e0u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tu b\u1ed5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n nh\u00e0m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e0i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf (l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1eadt t\u01b0, ti\u1ec1n v\u1ed1n, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1 c\u00e0, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01a1i...). C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2n tr\u00ed trong nh\u1eefng 224","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ec9. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngang t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u00ea th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e2u hi\u1ec7u: \\\"T\u1ea5t c\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea \u0111\u00e1nh thang gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\\\". S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0ng c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Ng\u00e0y 13- 1-1969, Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ra Chi th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 n\u00eau G \u01b0on\u0129g ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng ''Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t\\\" \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Th\u00e1ng 2-1969, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00fat danh Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1c, Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 C h\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i: \\\"N\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \\\"Nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eafm c\u00f9a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng...\\\" v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ea ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec7n to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u00e0y 2 \/-4-1909, to\u00e0n mi\u00e8n b\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn hanh b\u00e0u c\u1ee9 H\u1ed8I \u0111\u00f2ng Nh\u00e0n dan huy\u1ec7n, x\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 160 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a 298 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n khu ph\u1ed1, huy\u1ec7n, th\u1ecb x\u00e3 v\u00e0 5.851 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e3, th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thanh ni\u00ean chi\u1ebfm 30% v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef chi\u1ebfm 40% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u. C\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 60% s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u1ea5p huy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh 225","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eeb VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t h\u1ed3i 9 gi\u1edd 27 ph\u00fat ng\u00e0y 2-9-1969 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tang Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh 7 ng\u00e0y (t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 4-9-1969 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 10-9-1969). Ng\u00e0y 9-9-1969, l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5 Qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u1ecdng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t. Hom 100 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 hom 30 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh \u1edf Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u. T\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed ra H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. B\u00ed th\u01b0 Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f4ng lao to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110i\u1ebfu v\u0103n c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: \\\"D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, non s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra H\u1ed3 Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v \u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u00e0 non s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\\\". C\u0169ng trong bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 truy \u0111i\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Di ch\u00fac c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. B\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 10-5-1969. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f9a Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \\\"... Nh\u0103n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ta \u1edf mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai, \u0111\u00e3 bao \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng gian kh\u1ed1, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 phong ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u00e1p b\u1ee9c b \u00f3 c l\u1ed9t, l\u1ea1i kinh qua nh i\u1ec1u n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tr a n h ... \u0110 \u00e0 n g c\u1eafn p h \u1ea3 i c \u00f3 k \u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u00e9 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, nh\u1eb1m kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi song c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i hy sinh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f9a, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00f9 sao, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u1eb7c M \u1ef9 \u0111\u1ebfn thang l\u1ee3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n Sau khi Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n, Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \\\"bi\u1ebfn \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c\u00f9a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi\\\". Ng\u00e0y 23-9-1969, k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp 226","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... th\u1ee9 5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a III \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng l\u00e0m Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m Ph\u00f3 Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. Trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp ng\u00e0y 29-11-1969, B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00e2y L\u0103ng Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i thi h\u00e0i Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i Khu Ba \u0110\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y 29-9-1969 c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t sinh ho\u1ea1t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb mang t\u00ean \\\"H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo Di ch\u00fac c\u00f9a H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch\\\" \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng mi\u1ec1n N am ... M\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e0m huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1edf H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft 4 n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc; t\u1eeb sau 1970, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh d\u1ef1 mang t\u00ean Ch\u00f9 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (\u0110o\u00e0n Thanh ni\u00ean Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0110o\u00e0n Thanh ni\u00ean Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh; \u0110\u1ed9i Thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean Ti\u1ec1n phong Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9i Thi\u1ebfu n icn T i\u1ec1n phong Il\u00f2 C h \u00ed M inh, D \u1ed9i N hi \u0111\u00f2n g V i\u1ec7l N am \u0111\u1ed5i \u01afi\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9i Nhi \u0111\u1ed3ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh); cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \\\"L\u1edbp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh\\\" (t\u1eeb 19-5-1970 \u0111\u1ebfn 19-5-1971). Ri\u00eang trong n\u0103m 1970, \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh hai \u0111\u1ee3t k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u1edbp H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh (\u0111\u1ee3t 19-5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee3t 2-9) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 10.868 ng\u01b0\u1eddi'. Ng\u00e0y 17-8-1970 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft chi \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \\\"Ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u00f9, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ch\u00f9 t\u1eadp th\u1ebf c\u00f9a x\u00e3 vi\u00ean \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n\\\",... Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng 1. L\u1ecbch s\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp II (1954-1975), Nxb. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H. 1995, tr. 465. 227","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t\\\" v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ''m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00ea x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110 \u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u00f9a c\u00e1ch m \u1ea1ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi\\\" (Chi th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0y 13-1-1969) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch \\\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t\\\" \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hai l\u1ea7n phong c\u00e1c danh hi\u1ec7u anh h\u00f9ng, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 10-6-1969, \u1ee7 y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1eddng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng cho 17 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u Anh h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cho 12 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 C h\u00ed Minh k\u00fd l\u1ec7nh t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u00e0y 18-6-1969). L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22-12-1969, theo Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee7 y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y 19-12-1969 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd l\u1ec7nh t\u1eb7ng th\u01b0\u1edfng 23 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng v\u00e0 17 Anh h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ebf thi \u0111ua s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i \u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Ri\u00eang ng\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1968-1969 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 544 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 T\u1ed5 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1969, \u1ee7 y bail T h \u01b0 \u1edd n g v\u1ee5 Q u \u1ed1 c h \u1ed9 i \u0111 \u00e3 p h \u00ea c h u \u1ea9 n vi\u1ec7c th \u00e0 n h l\u1eadp D\u1ed8 L \u01b0 \u01b0 n g th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, B\u1ed9 V\u1eadt t\u01b0, \u1ee7 y ban Thanh \u01b0a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chia B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng th\u00e0nh B\u1ed9 \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Than, B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 Luy\u1ec7n kim, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y 9-10 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 do H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 18 (1-1970) Ban C h\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng (Kh\u00f3a III) \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0: ''Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khan tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a 228","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0129ll. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u0103n s\u00e0ng chi\u00ean \u0111au v\u00e0 chi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t...; chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng L\u00e0o, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f9ng phoi h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n L\u00e0o \u0111 \u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1 n\u0103ng x\u1ea5u nh\u00e1t khi \u0111\u1ecbch m \u1edf r\u1ed9nq chi\u00ean tranh ra L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Campuchia. Ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u00ec t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u1ebb vang c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ti\u00ean l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3ng l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a B\u00ed th\u01b0 Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng L\u00ea Du\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u00f9 nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc (c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh) v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i sau n\u00e0y. Ket lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \\\"\u0110au tranh gi\u1eefa hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111au tranh \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf l\u00ean s\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a; n\u0103m v\u0169ng chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f9a d \u00e2n trnnh g in i c a p tron g th \u00e0 i k\u1ef3' qu \u00e1 \u0111 \u1ed9 l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 n gh\u0129a x \u00e3 h \u1ed9i \u1edd m i\u00ean B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\\\". Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau: \\\"T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u00ean ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1t huy cao \u0111\u1ed9 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng, vai tr\u00f2 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u00e0n l\u00fd c\u00f9a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eadp th\u00ea c\u00f9a qu\u00e2n ch\u00fang lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t\\\". T\u00e1c ph\u00e2m D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd v\u1ebb vang c\u00f9a \u0110\u00e0ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u0103ng l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi 229","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ebfm chi \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u00ea c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Quan \u0111i\u00eam n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 19 (3-1971) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 3 n\u0103m (1971-1973). H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 19 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 quan trong ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf, coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ra t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng quan h\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a) nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chung chung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t; ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, m\u1eafc t\u1ec7 quan li\u00eau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi, c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, cung c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n kinh t\u1ebf. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i bu\u00f4ng l\u00f2ng qu\u00e1n l\u00fd: b\u1ecf h\u1ea1ch to\u00e1n, b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c ngay trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u1eefong chi\u1ebfn tranh. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n chuy\u00ean quy\u1ec1n, tham \u00f4 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u1eadt t\u01b0, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u, v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh - ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, d\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 cho vay tr\u00e0n lan, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ef9 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i 230","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... v\u1edbi chi ti\u00eau b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u00e0n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, chi ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec1u, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u00edt. B\u1ed9 m\u00e1y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh, \u00edt c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n \\\"m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng hai\\\", nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \\\"hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t\\\" di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, \u01b0\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. \u1ede t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ea5t b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chung c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a ti\u1ebfn k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u1ea3ng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, do \u0111\u00f3, vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t huy, l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf trong 3 n\u0103m (1970-1973) l\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 1965 (ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n h\u01a1n: \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ea7n l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a). N\u1ed9i dung k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1; Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1n l\u00fd; Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ea9c \u0111inh m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 gia th\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau hao v\u1eadt ch \u1ea5t... X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. Trong \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m \u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu di\u1ec5n ra trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec7n, than, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, luy\u1ec7n kim, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ebfn ph\u00e0... v\u00e0 trong kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00e0nh giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00ec c\u00f3 231","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 t\u1edbi 17km c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c xong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 n\u1eeda ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n mang n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c quy lu\u1eadt kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, kho t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed \u0111i\u00eam \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xuat nh\u00f3 l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb1m r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111 \u1ec3 m \u1edb ra tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1972, vi\u1ec7c th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edd ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng sinh th\u00e1i. Tinh th\u1ea7n chung c\u00f9a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u0103m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1ee5c n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch l\u0169y. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hrcmg th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ph\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea7u tir x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 500 - 600 ngh\u00ecn ha \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1t 5 - 6 t\u1ea5n tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng huy\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a m\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i (th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt), qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i... Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 30% \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung du Khu 4 c\u0169), n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 t\u1ea5n\/ha. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u00ec 232","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 t\u00fac gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, v \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00fac l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh te 1971-1973. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng giai quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc chi cung c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi m\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham gia s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. Sau l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1eb7c n\u00ean c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m s\u1ee3i vinil\u00f4ng, tr\u1ed3ng d\u00e2u nu\u00f4i t\u1eb1m l\u1ea5y t\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y b\u00f4ng. v \u1ec1 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, t\u1eeb m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u1edd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh \u1edb h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t nhanh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 2 con l\u1ee3n\/ha gieo tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng l\u00ean 3 - 4 con\/ha \u1edd v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00faa. Ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 trong h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam thu nh\u1eadp cho x\u00e3 vi\u00ean. M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh tc l\u00e0 \u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ticn t\u1ec7. S \u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i k\u00e9m, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i. Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Lu\u1eadt B\u00e0o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng, 31 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ed1n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u... Tinh th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng tham gia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n chung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed5i chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, 233","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i lo gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 thu h\u00fat ngu\u1ed3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 300 ngh\u00ecn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 200 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u00fat v\u00e0o kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Chi c\u00f3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00edch l\u0169y v\u00e0 chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, chi vi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec1n Nam, L\u00e0o, Campuchia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf sau chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn. v \u1ea5 n \u0111\u1ec1 thu h\u00fat l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1eeb\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1ee9c x\u00fac (th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n), v \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh phong tr\u00e0o. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c cung \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 phong tr\u00e0o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 3 n\u00e3m. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, do ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, kho t\u00e0ng... n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0103n \u1edd cho c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn giai c\u1ea5p n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea5t c\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f9a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, v\u1eeba b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc v\u1eeba x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i chi vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t cho ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn l\u1edbn mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u 234","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn m\u00e0 sau chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110e \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u00e2m canh t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng v\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, ng\u00e0y 3-3-1970, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ra Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 thu mua \u01b0ong th\u1eddi gian 5 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb 1970 \u0111\u1ebfn 1974). M\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 3 n\u0103m (n\u0103m cao nh\u1ea5t, n\u0103m b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u0103m s\u00fat k\u00e9m) t\u00ednh trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1963 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1969, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 x\u00e9t \u0111en t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 giao n\u0103m 1963. H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t m\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen th\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9 d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1eeba c\u00faa m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n th\u00eam ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (ho\u1eb7c theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thu\u1eadn mua v\u1eeba b\u00e1n v\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n), ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u0103n trong x\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n qua tay th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, v\u00ec Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3a b\u1ecf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c (theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111i b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u01a1, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u00e8 l\u00e0m \u0103n b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh!). 235","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0m cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n y\u00ean t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u01b0ong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec1u khi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh, huy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tinh \u1ef3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 khai man di\u1ec7n t\u00edch, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u, b\u1ecf h\u00f3a ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1edbt x\u00e9n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, t\u0103ng th\u00eam di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u00e0m kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v.v... r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho t\u1eadp die, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Trong khi v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh li\u1ec7t s\u0129, th\u01b0\u01a1ng binh, b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i ng\u0169, t\u1eed s\u0129, b\u1ec7nh binh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng C\u00f3 c\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc), thanh ni\u00ean xung phong v\u00e0 d\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn d\u00e0i ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u00ec h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c b\u00e1n th\u00eam theo gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o mua trong ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u00f9a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho nh\u1eefng gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 (t\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c \u0103n b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u1ea5t). Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ch\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00ednh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea sau \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: \\\"n\u0103m 1965 l\u00e0 51.595 t\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, n\u0103m 1969 l\u00e0 112.691 t\u1ea5n, n\u0103m 1971 l\u00e0 74.320 t\u1ea5n, 236","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 111. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... n\u0103m 1972 l\u00e0 149.640 t\u1ea5n \\\"1. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi neo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. C\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c cho qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0 con n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Hai n\u0103m sau khi chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft th\u00fac (n\u0103m 1969 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1970), mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u1ed5 x\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. N h\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970. Tuy s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi (ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u n h \u01b0 ch \u00edn h s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u th\u00f9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ...) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa khu v\u1ef1c Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, ch\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec1 cao tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1nh sinh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u00e0 6 - 7 t\u1ea5n\/ha \u0111\u1ebfn 8 - 9 t\u1ea5n\/ha. N\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00faa, v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, v\u1ec1 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh t\u00ean g\u1ecdi 1. Theo 45 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam 1945-1990, Nxb. Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1990, tr. 102. 237","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 \\\"cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng xanh\\\" l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00e2m canh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n x\u00e3 vi\u00ean l\u00e0m quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf. Phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua \u0111\u1ea1t \\\"ba m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\\\" trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00f4i n\u1ed5i h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ebb, kh\u1ecfe, c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u01afong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, h\u1ecdc sinh. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng: \\\"Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng thanh ni\u00ean nam (t\u1eeb 16-30 tu\u1ed5i) c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 12% so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nam thanh ni\u00ean\\\"1. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u thanh ni\u00ean kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tinh t\u00fay nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp ng\u0169. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea7u, ph\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kho t\u00e0ng, b\u1ebfn b\u00e3i, v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m h\u00e0o, l\u00e0m tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n hom, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y D\u1ec7t 8-3, Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C\u01a1 kh\u00ed Tr\u1ea7n H\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ea1o, Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y R\u01b0\u1ee3u H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n... b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp, \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f9a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang 1. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f9a B\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y 9\/9\/1970, T \u01b0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 C54\/25 l\u01b0u t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Kinh t\u1ebf. 238","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1970, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u1ea1t 2.559,4 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt 1.977 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i 582,4 tri\u1ec7u; n\u0103m 1969 c\u00f3 nh\u00edch l\u00ean 2.633 tri\u1ec7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ea1t 2.009,1 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i 623,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng; n\u0103m 1970 t\u00e2ng l\u00ean 2.850,4 tri\u1ec7u, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt 2.299,1 tri\u1ec7u, ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 551,3 tri\u1ec7u 1. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 1968 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y2: M \u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc t\u1eeb 1968-1970 Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 1968 1969 1970 646,7 709,8 S\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m 627,1 2.714,0 2.918,6 CNVSX, \u1ed4N qu\u1ed1c doanh, CTHD, 2.293,2 2.489,7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec3u CN, th\u00f9 CN) - \u0111i\u1ec1u tra 1 - 7 n\u0103m 1.352 1.325 274,3 285,2 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n 2.500,4 (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u00ednh theo gi\u00e1 2.103,1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1970) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: S\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh, c\u00f4ng t\u01b0 1.288 h\u1ee3p doanh cu\u00f4i n\u0103m (c\u00e1i) C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng 259,4 nghi\u1ec7p (ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi) 1. T\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, H. 1982, tr. 46. 2. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, S\u0111d, tr. 141-145. 239","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 1968 1969 1970 2.371,0 2.545,2 2.729,5 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) 259 277 268 S\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m (c\u00e1i) 136,1 141,9 146.0 2.065,0 2.168,4 2.281.6 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ngh\u00ecn) 1.029 1.075 1.057 491,0 504,8 563,8 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) 435,4 545,6 637,0 367,7 372,4 426,6 S\u1ed1 x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh, CTHD \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m (c\u00e1i) 129,4 168,9 189,2 S\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng (ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p TTCN (ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi) Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 TTCN b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n (tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng) Qua th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C \u00f4 n g nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111ir\u1ee3c m \u1ed9t s\u00f4 k\u00eat qu\u1ea3. T \u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat g\u1ed3m: s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 633,6 tri\u1ec7u kw\/h gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 501 tri\u1ec7u kw\/h, than t\u1eeb 4,2 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng 2,7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 1.866 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 1.857 c\u00e1i, xi m\u0103ng t\u1eeb 573 ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n xu\u1ed1ng 524 ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n, v\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 100,3 tri\u1ec7u m gi\u1ea3m c\u00f2n 89,9 tri\u1ec7u m, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eafm t\u1eeb 89,4 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 24,29 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt. 240","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... C\u00e1c s\u00e0n ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ed3m: m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t l\u1ef1c diezel t\u1eeb 1.113 c\u00e1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.170 c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb 5.712 c\u00e1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10.206 c\u00e1i, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb 1.915 c\u00e1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2.476 c\u00e1i, c\u00e0y b\u1eeba c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 214 ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 366 ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1i..., m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9c \u0103n gia s\u00fac t\u1eeb 200 c\u00e1i t\u00e0ng l\u00ean 1.150 c\u00e1i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb 144 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n l\u00ean 182 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n, v\u1ea3i m\u00e0n t\u1eeb 25,42 tri\u1ec7u m t\u0103ng l\u00ean 50,61 tri\u1ec7u m, n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5m t\u1eeb 4,24 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt t\u0103ng l\u00ean 22,36 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt, m\u00ec ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb 21 t\u1ea5n l\u00ean 67 t\u1ea5 n ...1. V\u00e0o n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f2i k\u1ef3 3 n\u0103m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u00e0n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0ng 14% so v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ra. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng 17,5%, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng 11,2%, nh\u00ecn chung \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t 2,7% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc chi\u1ebfn tranh. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, qu\u1eb7ng cr\u00f4m, thi\u1ebfc th\u1ecfi, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i, than, v\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea5y, g\u1ed7, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng... \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec1 ra v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1965. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh r\u1ea5t eo h\u1eb9p, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f9a chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, v \u1ed1 n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n theo c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau2: \u1ede trung \u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m 1968: 757,7 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1969: 718,4 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1970: 665,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u0103m 1968: 290,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1969: 300,4 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1070: 399,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. K h\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ee5ng \u1edf trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u00eam cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng): n\u0103m 1968, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 962,3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng; n\u0103m 1969, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 929,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng; n\u0103m 1970, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 947,4 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng. 1. Theo 35 n\u0103m kinh t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam , Nxb. KHXH, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1980, tr. 94. 2. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, S\u0111d, \u1eeb. 203, 205, 207. 241","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n theo ng\u00e0nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 19701 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng 1968 1969 1970 - C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 322,3 288,5 390,8 - X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng 40,9 54,5 81,4 - N\u00f4ng, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p 152,9 196,2 188,6 - Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p cung \u1ee9ng 43,2 48,7 46,5 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 - V\u1eadn t\u00e0i, b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n 403,0 342,0 240,1 Khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea5p hom, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc: n\u0103m 1968: 82,5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1969: 97,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m 1970: 118,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 sinh ho\u1ea1t n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 6,8 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (ri\u00eang nh\u00e0 \u1edf 2,7 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng), n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 20,6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (ri\u00eang nh\u00e0 \u1edf 9,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng); n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 41,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (ri\u00eang nh\u00e0 \u1edf 23,9 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng). C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c (bao g\u1ed3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 thao, y t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h \u1ed9 i...) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh g\u1ed9p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0u t\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103m 1968 l\u00e0 65,2 tri\u1ec7u; n\u0103m 1969 l\u00e0 70,1 tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1970 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng 62,4 tri\u1ec7u. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e0n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm 10.5 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1968, kho\u1ea3ng 7,1 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1969 v\u00e0 14.6 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1970. 1. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1981, T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, H\u00e0 N \u1ed9i,1982, tr. 207. 242","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a do ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng mua \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n do c\u00e1c x\u00ed nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec ng\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 thu mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1.586,2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1968; 1.644,3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1969; 1.652,3 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u0103m 1970, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 sa u 1: Tinh h\u00ecnh thu mua h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1968-1970 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00ednh: tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng - H\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 1968 1969 1970 - H\u00e0ng n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n 1.237,2 1.259,1 1.387,4 - L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c 419,4 407,1 393,2 187,3 162,4 164,1 Ngu\u1ed3n: Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 1981, T\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1982, tr. 225 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 sau: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1970, nh\u01b0ng \u0111 \u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n \u0103m 1970 v\u1eabn c h \u01b0 a th \u1ea5 y C(S d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u g\u00ec \u0111 \u1eb7c hi\u1ec7t, m \u1ee9 c thn mua l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a nh\u00edch l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1eafm h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ed1c doanh v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c x\u00e3 (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c), h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea th\u00ec t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1n l\u00e8 c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u0103m 1968 \u0111\u1ea1t 3.051,2 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 2.595,2 tri\u1ec7u); n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ea1t 3.335,5 tri\u1ec7u (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 1. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, S\u0111d, \u1eeb. 225. 243","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 2.870,6 tri\u1ec7u); n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u1ea1t 4.043,7 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 3.262,1 tri\u1ec7u)'. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u1eadp trung nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. Trong hai n\u0103m 1969-1970, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn giao th\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u0169 kh\u00ed, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n chi vi\u1ec7n cho mi\u1ec1n Nam n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1965 th\u00ec n\u0103m 1969 g\u1ea5p 7,6 l\u1ea7n, n\u0103m 1970 g\u1ea5p 9,4 l\u1ea7n, n\u0103m 1971 g\u1ea5p 9 l\u1ea7n, n\u0103m 1972 g\u1ea5p 15,6 l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 t\u00f4, v\u1ed1n Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1966-1971 so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1955-1957 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p 11,2 l\u1ea7n2, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c chi vi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 233.000km \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd tu b\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 4-1971, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, \u01b0ong t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1eeba ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i theo lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u01afong bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e1n theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c tem phi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu theo gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 do. V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, d\u00f9 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb l\u1eabn n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 1. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, S\u0111d, tr. 249. 2. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, 30 n\u0103m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ec3 v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u00f9a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a, Nxb. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H. 1978, tr. 125. 244","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong phe x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (theo c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c men, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o... c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c te ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0y 14-11-1971, h\u01a1n 98% c\u1eed tri mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 420 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a IV c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u00f9 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh \u1edd Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc c\u00f2n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t B\u1eafc v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n khu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. Ng\u00e0y 25-4-1971, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eeb H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea5p tinh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 10-6-1971, k\u1ef3 h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i kh\u00f3a IV, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan cao c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C \u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m : C h\u00f9 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u00eam Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: T\u00f4n \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng; Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc: Nguy\u1ec1n L\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eb1ng; Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch \u1ee7 y ban Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Chinh; Th\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7: Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (1971-1973) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ke ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 chi r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7 a mi\u1ec1n B \u1eafc, m \u00e0 tr\u1ecd ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 p h \u00e1 t tri\u1ebbn kinh t\u1ebb n\u00f4ng n ghi\u1ec7p (theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi th\u00e2m canh, chuy\u00ean canh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng, \u0111i d\u1ea7n l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh). Tr\u1eadn l\u0169 l\u1ee5t di\u1ec5n ra trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng (t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9-1971) \u1edf v\u00f9ng trung du v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n in\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng do kho t\u00e0ng, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp, ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 245","L\u1ecaCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn l\u0169 l\u1ee5t n\u00e0y. Trong v\u00f2ng 25 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1971 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn l\u0169 n\u00e0o g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n \u1edd tinh H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 18\/22 huy\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t, bao g\u1ed3m 189 x\u00e3, tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch g\u1ea7n 156.000ha. H\u01a1n 750.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 50% s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n to\u00e0n tinh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t n\u00e0y'. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i b\u1ecb \u00fang n\u1eb7ng, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. To\u00e0n tinh thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng (trong khi t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 thu ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thu \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trung \u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00f3t v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 51 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng). Ke ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1971 c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o l\u1ed9n, v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a 1971 d\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5y 122.000ha, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u1ee5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 107.000ha, nh\u01b0ng sau khi l\u1ee5t chi c\u00f2n h\u01a1n 47.000ha. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ecb \u00fang n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh m\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean 5.000ha, g\u1ea7n 12.000ha c\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c chi \u0111\u1ea1t hom 400.000 t\u1ea5n (68% k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch), \u0111\u1ea1t 73% so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1971 (h\u1ee5t 143.000 t\u1ea5n). C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (\u0111ay, c\u00f3i, m \u00eda...) \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00e0n tr\u00e2u c\u1ee7a tinh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 77.000 con, b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 con, \u0111\u00e0n l\u1ee3n gi\u1ea3m horn 75.000 c o n ,... Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn t\u00e0i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat2. H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a l\u0169 l\u1ee5t n\u0103m 1971 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng B\u1eafc B\u1ed9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ke ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a trong ba n\u0103m 1971-1973, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m 1972 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u0103m \\\"b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1\\\". 1. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t v\u1ebf t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1971 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u0103m 1972 c\u00f9a H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng, Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng UB KHNN, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 806. 2. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft m \u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 197\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, k\u00e9 ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u0103m 1972 c\u00f9a H\u1ea3i H\u01b0ng, Trung t\u00e2m L\u01b0u tr\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c gia III, ph\u00f4ng UB KHNN, H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 806. 246","Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III. Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf... Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng M \u1ef9 c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng. Trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh te \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f9a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e0n l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Ban Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0n th\u1ee9 20 (3-1972) \u0111\u1ec1 ra \\\"Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u1edbn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u201d1. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u gian nan, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1eafn ph\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9. H\u01a1n 1.500 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc (trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 7 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc) tr\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ban ph\u00e1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5p III V\u0129nh Linh (n\u0103m 1965), tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ef3nh Ti\u1ebfn (n\u0103m 1965), tr\u01b0\u1eddng H\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac (n\u0103m 1966), tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (n\u0103m 1967)... Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, h\u1ecdc sinh b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft. Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf eo h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111om gi\u1ea3n M \u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, n\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m icn B\u0103c van kh\u00f4 n g ng\u1eeb ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef92: - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1968-1969 c\u00f3 6.513,2 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 5.237,5 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a 1.065,9 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; 1. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng, t\u1eadp IV ( v\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9 ngh\u0129a \u1edf m i\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam) 1954-1975, Nxb. Th\u00f4ng tin l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, H. 1982, tr. 357-358. 2. Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea 1981, S\u0111d, tr. 322. 247","L\u1ecbCH S\u1eea VI\u1ec6T NAM - T\u1eacP 13 trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p 138,4 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 71,4 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1969-1970 c\u00f3 6.713 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 5.611,1 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a 901,4 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p 124,8 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 75,7 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1970-1971 c\u00f3 6.481,3 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 5.777,5 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a 548,1 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p 85,8 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 69,9 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1971-1972 c\u00f3 6.170,6 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 5.643,6 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a 390,7 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trang h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p 74,3 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 62 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. - N\u0103m h\u1ecdc 1972-1973 c\u00f3 6.118,7 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecdc sinh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng 5.621,2 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u0103n h\u00f3a 386,1 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; trung h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p 57,6 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi; cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc 53,8 ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3m \u0111i kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn thanh ni\u00ean tr\u1ebb trong \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed1i \u0111i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tham gia qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u0103n ngh\u1ec7 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1971, mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi 4.130 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 91.000 b\u1ea3n. To\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 200 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong 3 n\u0103m c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 300 b\u1ed9 phim c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 500 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu b\u00f3ng 248"]
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