— 485 HoOTOMy Bc-b SABOsonpoBETU no ctao6hoB bbcth axyTt ne iinaie, Kant repeat .iopsa-Kaaniepa. OHt abBaeTCa BMicTi c t ncpetibHOft cociaBa KafiaiieTa h Hubert npa ce6i 6o.itmy 10rocy.iapcTnennyn neiaTb, xpaiun'e- JBM't Koropofl OHt CHHTaexcH no oOuaau. ttpoai Tflro, Bt eocTaiit safia- aera bxoxbtt, .iop,ib-xpaiiHTe.it Ma.ioJt KopoxeBCKofi nenaTH (privy seal). Bci BujneyKa3annuH jo is h o ct h cyTt ochobhhh aohheuocth, bxo- jMmia bt> cQCTau-t KafinueTa. 3arbHt Tyja ate BxoxaTt h cTairt-ce- KpetapH. Eme K.iapenxoHt yiioMHHaeTt, hto ta&hhK coBfrrt xopoxs cocTOH.it Hat 11-bcKo.n.KHxt xopjoBt h CTaTct-ceapeTapefl. Ohh 6am •eme Bt uapcTBoeanie liap.m II Rt Kaaecrst auhuuxt, * cetcpeiapeft jtopo.iH. Bnocj'lucTBiH ohh no.iyvHHH caaocToaiejibHoe h BaatHoe 3aa- veHie Bt ajMHHHCTpaniH. Taat hto npa oCpaauBaHiii KaOmiexa oth flOXZHOCTH fibl.IH BBe^OHU Bt COCTaBt T i lt , KOTOpUH AOJZHH filJJH saM-bmaTtcH OTBbTCTBeHHUMH n e p e jt napaaMeiiToat jojhciioctiimkh xanaiia. B t nacToamee BpeMH AoaatHOCTt ciaTCt-ceEpeTapeft pacnpe- X ijaeTcu u e x x y uhtld jh uhuh, oOpimyiowaMH Hat ce6a CTaTCt-cespe- TapiaTt: CTaTct-ceaperapflMH—BHyTpeaHHXt jjix t , HoocTpaimuxt xb.it, EOAOHifi, BOeHHHMb H HHjiU. Bet, STH .lO.latHOCTK oOpasyiOTb OJHO ntxoe, Tant hto JiHpa, H it saHauammia MorjTb M-hHHTbca MtcTaMH ■ 6eat ocofiaro Ha to KopoxeBCaaro iiaTema. Pacnpc.if.Jieitie Hxt, ertio- BaTe.iLho, ecTt BHyTpeunee x£j o CTaTct-cenpeiapiaTa. Sarisn, s t cocTast nafiaaeTa nxo^HTt npesajeHTH BtKOTopuxt o T ji.itH u x t ynpeatjeHiB, HMbnmHxt ocoCeuHo uaatuoe sHaHeaie Bt CTpaai. C®ja othochtch upeatje Bcero npeiiHAeBTt TOproBaro 6topo, ToproBOtt ynpaBH; OHt ecTt naat 6a mhhhctpl ToproBjiH h nyfijHT- auxt pa6oTt (aanp., no coopyseHi® meaianuxt xoport). 3aT-fwt c.ib- ayext npe3HA6HTt 6i>po M-bcTnaro ynpaB.ienia, r.-e. yapesexenia no saBixtiBaui® HacTutrat a oOmecTBeHnuat npHapbuioMt a xpyrHMH upexMeTaMH, BOTopue npexocTaBjieHH apaxoxcKoay ynpaBxeaiu ■ a i- cTHuut cofoaaMt. Kpoai Toro, Bt cocraBt na6nHeTa bxoxht-l reHe- pa.it-noHTMeflcTept. reHepa.it-UHTOHnaitTL h HtKOTopua xpyrut ohtia Bcftxt HO.lHTUHeCKHXt aO.TSHOCTefl, MlaHCmaXCH BMbci'b Ct COCTaBOMt aartHHera, okojio 60. Uepeabaa Bcixt jHpt, 3aHHaas>mHXb bth x o ix - HOCTH, oOtHCHHeTCH HeoftxOJHMOCTblO aOXXepsaTb ejHHCTBO Bt HOXH- THR-fe H xhHTe.lLHOCTH MHHHCTepCTBa. ^OjIXHOCTH KC Xb-IOBUH, a^MKHK-* CTpaTHBHLifl ocTaiDTca Cest uepeMbau. Taut, xapeitTopa h.ih r.iaimo- ynpaBXHDmie x*xanH MbcTHUHH, BoxoHiaahHHMH a t. n. ‘JiaKTHiecKH ocTamcH HecM’hHHeHUHB npH bchkoA nepexiab anaHCTepcTBa no to8 npHHHui. hto xxa nocTOHHHaro Bexeaia j-bxt aeofixoxaua HaebcTHaa pyTHaa, rpaxunia a H.aaicTnidH cnepiajlhijh cnb.i'hniH, a rasuuu m- naua. ocofienno rbaa, ROTopua xoxroe BpeMH BaebAUBaxH CBoaat apexMeTOMt, ohchl xopoxaTt: HHKaKoe HaaauTepcTBO He saxoneTt axt
— 486 — TpOHVTb h TtMi ahuthtlch .vbJOBHTUxx aDAefi. T i n itaEx oaitBaieme1 MHHHCTepCTBa BX Anr.liH 1HCTO HOJHTHTCCKOe, TO MHHHCTpU, yiaCTBt« bx couimaHinxx no o6ihhmx no.iHTH'iecKHMx Bonpocaux u 6epa h* cefia pyKOBOACTBO o6#icfl •hoahthkoA, He baoahtx bx AeT&Ju vnpaaje- Hia, Bt.iaTi KOTopua h DpeAOCTasaaeTca HecHiHaeMoiiy nepcoHuy .tii.ioBuxx ahux. 9to pasAHiie Mesiy rio.iimnecKa«n aojxhocthkh h aAMHHHCTpaTHBHHMH BX Co6cTBdlBOMX CMUC.lt yCTaHOBHAOQbBX AHrjilL AOCTaTOiHO npomo, ta«T' hto nepeulHa KafiHHera Boofiine Ma.10 oipa- ataeica Ha xoAt ynpaBxenia. Bx otomx OTRomeuiu aHraificKie mhbhctph oTJHaaoTca, Hanp., otx mzbhctpobx bo $paHaiH, ocoSeuHO otx mhhh- CTpoBX Hano.ieona III, icoTopue, co6cTiieuno rosopa. ae npejcTau.iajB cofioio uo.iHTHiecKHxx AoaxHocTeft, a fiu.in raaBHUMii aAMHiiucTpaTO- pavu cbohxx lacieS, m KOTopuux, up» cacTea-b ippanny3cno6 neHTpa- jiH.iaaiu, npaxo.iH.ioci bxuahtl bo Bet mojoih ynpasaeaia. VII. Xoax pa3BHTia HHHUcTepcKnxx Ao.iKHOc-reft a xoax pa3BHxia MaHHcrepcTBa Ha KOHTHHeHT’b Eb'pouu TaMX. rA i Ou.io miejeHO nap- janeHTcKoe ynpaB.ienie, moxbtx 6uTb H&ioxeHX bx apaTEiixx leprcxx, b6o yipexAOHie MHBHCTepcTua 3a1,cl hbhaoci. BMicrb cx BBe.teHieMX KOHCTHTyuiOHHUXx yipexAenia h sarboHAo cotion cTapuHaua aoax- hocth h yipeaueuia, KOTopua cyuiecTBOBaAa boo6ihc ao saabau CTa- paro nopaAsa yqpexAeniauH noBaro nopaAsa. Ho canoe nojoxeHie KOHTHHeHTaAbHuxx MHUHCTcpcTBx HMierx cymecTBeHuoe paSAHHie cx toikh aptma hxx ciiasH cx HapOAHUMx npeACTaBMxejtcTiiOMx a nap- ABMeHTCKHMX 6(1.1l.mUHCTBOMX. Mbl BHA'bAH, TTO CX BTOit TOHKH 3p'Lnia Bet cacxeMU ynpaRAOHia Moryrx 6uTb pasAbaenu Ha Ani rpynnu: ua chctcmu nap.iaaeiiTCBaro yopaBxenia h Ha CHCTeMU ynpaB.ienia ,iya- AHCTHqec.Karo (no Mojd) hah aoHCTHTyuioHHaro bx tIichomx cmucj4 ')• Ho cx toikh apthin opraHHsaniH mu BcipiiaeBca h Ha R0HTHH6HT& cx rbini xe BaiaAann, aaKx h bx AHrAiH: uoctohhho lutuHnijn, o6pa- syeTca H3X OAHopoAHaro cocTasa. OahopoabuB cocTaBX Ka&iHera HHbeTca bx GeAbrix: oapTia, cToamaa bo raaB'b, opraHHSven. B3X CBoeB cpeAU h mhhhctcpctbo. . Bcaaoe MHHHCTepcTBO bx EeAbria no Heo6xoAHMOCTD aoaxho HMtTb cpoquuH ocHOBaHia bx Hajari, ec.ia TOAbKo cocTaBX c.aMoft naAaTu MoxeTX AaTb naA-iexamee Hitp.KtMi'HT- 'cKoe 6oaxhihhctbo. H bx AHTAiH, ta* napTin au'iioTx cboo Hcropme- CKoe BHaieme, cbod HcxopHoecByn opraBBsaqin nepiAKO 6uBaA0, ito ofipasosaHie Ka6ti&eTa upa AaHHOMx cocTaab naxaTu upeACTaB.iajo 6oAbmia saTpyAHOHia. HHorAa Heo6xoiHHo 6uao npH6ir«Tb kx cocTa- BABHiD KOaJIHHiOHHarO MHHHCTepCTBa H3X AHHX-pa3AHHHUXX HapliB. TasoBO 6bU0, aanp., mhhhctcpctbo 4>oHca, cymecTBOBaButee, impoqeMx, ') Cm. CTp. 123 a cabj.
— 4$7 — BecLMa ho jojro. Tasia nn6acfepcTBa soofime cymecTaycn, Heopo- j(0.»*HTeai.HOO Bposia, no rfixT nopr noica bt napja*eHT4 He OAO-iierr ra hjh jpyraa napTia. Ho Ha KOHTHgcerfi Enponu, oeofiesao bo <l>paHnin, Heptjso 6uBaeTb, ito hh ojh» napTia He HxiieTT 6oxb- mBHCTBa bt hajrarfe. Hacro hootomv ■BabEHetT cocTaBaaerca hst mat, ceocoShuxt. ceeAHHBTb 3a cofioto roaoca 6631. onpea^-ieHHofi OKpacEE, npaBajjexamie jaxe pmjhieHmt napTiam. Tbkobo, Hanp., HHHisniBee BBEBCTepcTBO jKro.ut 4>eppB: ero Becma Tpyjao oxapaKrepasOBSTu Bt iaHHYKi nunjiy 5Kio.ii. 4*eppH ecTt .1EHO, cbocoChoo crpynuapo- bbtb obojo ce6a Haafio.Tbinee soaBaecTBO' m et, ae3aBHCHM0 o n ext nojiBTEiecKaro ybisjeHis. TaKHMT o6pa30XT, npn OTcyTCTBia torust. upo'iao opraiiiisoBaHituxi. DapTiS h npn hbjibibocte bt najarfc mho- text napTifl ctehobbtch bo3mo:bhumt o6pa30Baaie Koajmnioanaro me- UHcrepcTBa. Ho .orcyTCTsie ojhopdjhocth hi cocraB-fc KaGiiHera ue ycTpaHaert. lopM^u'iccaaio npumiHiia, T.-e. cotiHjapHofi otb^tctboehoctb mhhhctpobi. Tain,, cTaTi,a6iJrpanuyncKaro 3aEoua 25rpeBpaxa 1875 rrvta HOCTaHOBaaeTB, n o MimucTpu 4>paHHin cojHjapno oTnliTCTiienHii :ta o6ny» HOJiHTHBy npaBHTejbCTBa e HHjEBEjya-n.uo aa coficTBeiiHua jificTBia, coBepraeHHtia bt. cbohxt B-fijOMCTBaxT. VIII. yKaanBT, iia oprariHsaniioMHHHCTepcTaT, mujo.tbihij o6paTim.cn bt pa3CMOTpf.Hin niaBHifiniHXT upairt u otaunaocTefi MEHHCTpoin,, BO-TIOpBUXT, Bt OTHODieHiB EOpOHUj H, BO-BTOpbIXT, BT. OTHOIEeiliE nap-umeHTa. 1. Bt. OTHomeHiH EOpoHU, MiinucTpu pa3CuaTpini,norcn, kokt oifufm- Bia.it.nue H Oauwafiniie cobIsthheh Kopo.ia bt tout, ctnjc.it., ito bt EaKjoMT aiert, HcxojameMT ott Kopo.TB, npejno.iaraeTcti cob$tt h.ih cor.iacie BCero mehhct6Pctb&, h.ih toto MBBucTpa, Ha bIijohctbo ko- Toparo jaHHBiS sett pacnpocTpaHtiexca. CaijoBaTeahHO, mhbhctph cyTB oc|)<{iuniaabHbie opranu, 'repeal. EOTopae Eopoua j%BcTsyeTT Ha Bcfi qacTE yiipaB.ieaia. Hepe3T xhhectpobt sopoEa ntUcTByen. Ha act oCmifl .vfeJta, EacaEnuiaes BHyrpeHHj/ro h BHimuaro vnpaBjeHia, a panno a he jdua, Kacajomiaca oT.rfc.ibHuxT, b4jouctbt. Ecjih, tbeemt o6pa30XT, coriacie mhhectpobt npejrio.iaraeTCa bt Kaacjomt a r i , hcxo- jameuT ott EopoHu, to oTcioja cjtjyen.', ito sto corjiacie joesho 0HTh qirb eh6o yjocroatpeHO. TaKHMT yjocTOBiperrieET hbjihbtch EOHTpa- CHnraTypa h.ih CEptnn Eaajaro bete, ucxojautaro ott upaBHTe.iLcma, cspiiia, EOTopaa tpefiyeTca ott Bcero miHHCTepcTua bt tomt cjysat, Korja paccopajKeaie EacaeTca oCipeB uojhteee, h ctptoa ojBorb ua- HECTpa, Korja oho EacaeTca OTjt.ibHOfi OTpacja ynpaBjenia. C.itjOBa- Te.ibao, KonTpacHruacvpa HMiertj ueci.ua nasnoe e onpej’kieHBoe upu- jaaecKoc SHaueBie. Bt HonapxiaxT ireorpaiimenrnJXT KOHTpacarBaTypa TaKxe TpefiyeTca e u nion cboc snaieHie, ho bhoc, itMb bt rocyjap-
CTsaxt npejcTaBHTejsHHxt. HiieHHO, Bt rocyaapcTHaxt •aeorpaHHTCH- HHit KOBTpacarHaTypa yAOCTORtpaen. TOXtKO HOAxaBHOCTb- Toro ana, KOTopuft HcxojBTi otb BepxoBHoS ujiacTH, T.-e. CBHjtTejbcTnyeri, BIO H3BhoTiioe nopextHie At.8cTBareji.B0 hcsojhtt. OTt rxasu rocyxapcTsa. CatAOBaTejBHO, mhhhctpt. OTBiiaera b i moat cxynat sa noxxHHHOCTt Tbxt AOKyMCHTOIlt. KaKTOBt, BOTOpUB HCXOJHTt oi\"t BepX0BH08 BXaCTH. Ho Bt rocyjapcTBasi. KoncTHTynioHHHXt EOHTpacarHaTypa, csepxt OBHareHHaro 3HaTeHia, T.-e. CBepxt yjOCTOBipeyia ayTeHTHinocTHflaa- Haro ama, uateTH eme to DpaxaiecKoe 3Haieitie, hto Manacrpt, KOHTpacHrmpyioinia n3B'fecTHufl amt, Tint caMUMt (Sepen aa cefia OTB'feTCTBeHBOCTb SB 3&K0HH0CTL TOrOpaCUOpJiaTCHifi, KOTOpoe COiepKHTCJ Bt aarh, 3a aaiecTBO r t x t coB&Ton, xoTopue fliLia aojaati npH co CTaBjeuia ama, 3a noaxannocTb h xocioatpHOCTb rfixt (JiasroBt i coofipasesift, aa KOTOpuxt ont ocHOBaut. Tasant ofipaaoMt, Repeal KOHTpacBrHapoBaHic ycTaHOBjaeTca OTBtTCTBeniiocTb BHBacTepcTBa obo BBjaeTca ocoOBaHient, Ha KOTopoat mhhhctpu Moryn 6utb npa BxcneHu x t OTBiTy, 6yje a t btomi BCiptTHTca Heo6xoAHKOCTb. 2. Ho OTBomeaiD Bt aa-iaram. mhhhctpu nocTaBxeau ae Bt o/ji HaKOBoe aoaoxeHie, cuoTpa no TOay, yciaHOBxeHa jib a) uap.iaaea- Tapuaa ipopya ynpaB-ieHia, hah 6) jya-iacTHiecKaa hah kohcthtvnioH~ B8H Bt COficTBeHHOMb CMUC.lt. a) Bt ycxoBiaxt napMiMcumajmaio ynpauxeuia mhhhctpu Bt a48- CTBHTeAbHOCTH MBAHOTCll KHKt 6U nOCTOHHHUMt KOMBTCTOMt DaXait BO HCDOJBHTMbBOS aaCTH. MHHHCTOpCTBO COCTOHTt 113t Aunt, KOTOPHH DpBHaAxesaTt Kt oapTin, pacnoxaraumeit SoxbBiHBCTBOMt Bt naxa- Taxt. noxoseBie a Bxacib Bxt saBHcmt on. Toro, BacKoxbEO bto fioxbmaacTBO axt nojuepiKHTt. Ka6anext anxaeTca HiEoropoS HHTe- rpaxbHOtt aacTb» uaxart. Orcoxa BUTeitaiort o6a3aiiBO«Ta vanHCTpoBt. Bo-nepBuxt,- ohh—nocpexHjiKH Hesxy xopoaoS a npexcTaBHTexbCTBOMt: Bci pacuopBjKeiiia aopoxn no (pasaHCOBoS xacTH, no npaHmiD pa3naro po.ia Mt.pt DpexcTaBXBDTCB naxaiaat npest bto OTBtTCTBeHBoe mhbh- CTepcTBO.;BO-BTopuxt,Haofiopon.,saKonoupoesTu,bothpoBaanuenaxaiaMH a upauHTue npH- roxocoBaaiH, cooCmamca at, yiBep*xeHiD' xopoxn aepe3t MHaacTepcTBO, a, Bt-T^eTbHXt, yxBepxxeHiebtojaeTcfl bocoflt- maHia ct MHuacTpaMH. HMtsjTca, npasxa, iitKOTopue aim, ct eoto- puMu najam HenocpescTBeimo o(5pamaiOTca at sopoxu: TaEOBU ne- Tanin, ajpecu a ®p.; jaxte,. ntEOTo'pue 6axxa, ehkobu, yanp., „je- yeiKHue 6hxxh“ Bt Aarxia, ufepexauTca Kopo.uo BonocpexcTBeaao Repeat cnasepa Hasaefl 'naxaTU, y EOToparo xpanaTca jo Eotfpa ceccia; no bto rhceoxeko He H3MtHaprt ofimaro xapaaTepa MHaacrep- CEofl -xtaTexLHOCTH. Ecxh, TaKHMt o6pasoHt, uaaacTpti no ofiineay npaBHxy HBXanTca nocpeaBHKaMa bo Bctxt OTHomeninxt aejE.iy ko-
— <f89 — po.ie.uT. h na.iaTaHH, to OTCtoja cjtjyen,, no HHHUCTepcTBO jo-imho HaxojwTbca bx nocToannoxx ofuueniH cx nwaTaHH. Bo Bpeva napjia- ■eiiTCEofi cecciH upacyTCTBie ero bx aAciiaHiH naaart .o6a3aTejbHO. J.rn MUHHCTpoBT. otboahtcb ocofioe Ht.CTo, TaK'B Ha3UBae*aH „mhhh- CTepcKaa csaMba\". Hxx upacyTCTBie hbjbotch 6c3VC.iobho neofixoja- muhx: I) xxa apejcTaBjpHia oOzttcueuiR bx Tixx caynaaxx, Borj» ucnu na.iaTU ot,1+1.11,00 h.ih no nocTanoBxeHio BceS na-iaTU ,i1i.iar>(x 3anpocu no nacm BH+imnea mu BnyTpeneeft jio.ihtukh; 2) aaii o(sinc- Henifi no noeo^y ofiBHHeuia hxx uaiaToio bx cHjy HHTepnea.iHn.iH; 3) bo BCHKoe BpeMH mhhhctpu hm+hotl npaBO h o6a3annocTb npejcTaBjaTb ofixncHeniH no Bcfivi BonpocaHX, aauHMaDmnxx ca-iaTy. UpacyTCTBie hit, bt. na.iart hm+ibtx Ty Buroay, hto Heptxxo fiypHua npeHia ho- rjTb 6uTb ycTpaHeHU npocTHMX saHB.ienieMX MHmcTepcrna, hto totx h.ih jpyrofl (paan, erne HejocraTOiHO KSBicTeax, tto6u 6utx npo.iHe- tomx npeiiift. He nojueiBHTi. coMii+uiiio, 3to. nx BHJiy copTana mhhh- crepcTBa H3T. naaaTCEaro SojibmHHCTBa, mhhhctpu, H:i6apaeMue oOhkho- BeHHO H3X JIHUX, paCIIO.TaraiOmHXX60.IbnrHHCTB0MT, H3X BOWaKOBT.BTOTO <SonniHHCTBa, hbhhiotch .if.iicTBHTn.ibniiMH pyKoBo.iHTpjHMH najaTu; KaKi. anna, KOTopuMi, h upeajte Ha3Haqeuia MuuHCTpaMii npHaaxJie- aa.ia pysonojtCTBeHHaji poaa, ohh hbhhedtch Kasx 6u oaHneTuopeHieMX nporpaHMi. h3b+icthuxt, no.iHTHiecKHXX napiift. Bee bto aaeTX hmx B03M0IKHOCTL H B-iaCTb BanpaB.THTb BC'il npenifl Kb 0.IH0B ofimefl ntl.lH h .itaaerB nocToanHoe npacyTCTBie hxx bx naaaTaxx fiesycjrosHO He- OfiXOAHMHMT.. 6) Oho .He HB.iaeTca .Heofixo.iHHUMX bi rocyjiapcTBaxx cx ynpa- BjienieMx dyaMcmmecKum hie KoncTHTynioHHHHx bx coficTBeHHOMx cmucj$ , r j i MHHHCTepcTBO cocTaruaeTCH ent napxanenTCKaro 6o.it- mHHCTBa, thkx >rro khhhctpkhh Moryrs 6htx nassaiaeMU aana, Be TOHbxo ne npHHn.iJieaiam.ia kx doabniHHCTRy, ho xaate BOBce He bxo- .iHmia bx cocTaBX najaTX. Ho h bx 3T0MX cnymt, He ycTpaHaeTca o6a3aHHOCTb h npaBO mhhhctpobx npHcyrcTBOBaTb bx na-iaTaxx. Ho nocTaHOBaeHiaMX cbmexx KOHCTHTynifl mhhhctpu iiniBTx npaBg npH- cyTCTBOBaTb bx aacijaHiaix najiaTx; mmx ,io.iatHO fuTt jiaHO cjiobo ej> BCHKia MOMeHTX pa3CM0TptHia 3aK0H0npoeKT0BX, npa BCHKOUX. BOJIO- seHiH Bonpoca, bx jauHoiix c.iyw6 Hmepeteyomaro najary. 9ro Beebaa BaaiHojiOTOMy, hto neptiKOMHiiHcrepcTBo MOaeTXnocpeACTBOMXpa3xac- Henia i{iaKTH<iecBuxxjbhhuxx ycTpaHHTb HHorja coBepmeHBO H:uiimHia npenia, Tbkx, HanpHHf.px, aorjta Beh.ittopctx bhccx bx repsiaHCKifl peSxcTarx npoeKTX aonaro aaKOBa o nenam, mhhhctcpctbo aaanH.io, hto npaBHTeabcTBO yate hstotobejo thkoS npoeaTx, h, bx Heupoio.iaa- TeaxHOMX BpeaenH, BneceTX ero bx aajiaty. Hpe3x bto saHBaeaie BHe- cenie npoeKTa BtnwropcTa 6hjo ycTpaHeno. npaBHTe.iiCTBO, aiScTBH-
— 490 — TeAbHO BH6CA0 CBOfi*saKOHOnpOBKTl, KOTOpufi BB 1874 rOAT, nocxi MiioroqHc.ieBHUXi npemft h uonpaBOKB, no.iy'm.n. BHaaeaie ofime-rep- MaHCKaro sasoHa o nevam. Kaaie aaSjKk neBipime c.iyxH MoryTB nor Aarb hoboab kb 3anpocaMB k npeniaKB, KOMnpoMeTapyoiHBMB npanH- TeatCTBO. H bb btomb cjyaai npeaui Moryrt 6tiTb ycTpaaeHbi pasB- acBeuieMi* (jiaBiHieoKHXi. abhbhxb co CTopoH'u MHHMcTepcraa. Ob jpy- ro8 CTopoHH, najaTu ne Moryri 6htb jamemi HpaBa KOjyian, otb MHHHfTpou'ii ofvMicuenia .Kacare.ifcHO. t4xb hah Apyrnxb upeAMeTOBB; cooOmeiiie CTBTHcTHaecKHXB jaaBUXB, coofipaateHifi, KOTopHMH pyKO- BOACTBOBalOCb npaOHTejIBCTBO BB TOMB HAM jpyroMB cxyrai H op.— bbabtotcb cymecTReBHO hco6xo,ihmumb jjh pyKOBOACTBa iiaaaTB u iia pasBBCEeuia BonpocoBB, KOTopue Moran 6u cxysHTB npejMCTom. <5e3- KOHeiBUXB npepeEauiil. UoBTOMy na-iaTam npeiocTan.iaerca npHraa- maTB MUHHCTpOBL BB CBOU gactjaHifl B TpedOBaTB OTB BHXB pa8B- acneaifi. BatcTi cb t£mb, naxaiaMB npo.xocTan.ibctcji apaao BHTepnex- -lHuiH OTHOCBTexbHOMBBHCTpoBBiic.iiACTiiie (JiaKTOBB, 6poca»in;HXBt4bb aa hxb A^aTexbBOCTb. TaKBMB oOpaaoMB, H bb t4xb rocyjapcTiia*B, MHHHCTepcTBO se cocTaBAaeTB opraBBiecKoS bbctb uapaaMeiirai KoucTHTyniu opexycMaTpuBaiOTBCAvaaB, itnrja neooxojHMo npHCVTCTBie XHHUCTpoBB bb naxarfe. HcKADneaie cocTaBXMja ao nocjfeABaro spe- Memi Hopserin, r j i Ha ocuoBaHiB KoncraTynia 1814 roxa, cociaBjea- Hofl no ofipaauy ^pamiyscKoft 1793 toab, mhhhctph He hm4ah jocryna BB CTOpTHHTB. 3tO 11B0C.iyfitU.10 BOBOAOMB KB HSB^CTHOUy KOHljj.IHRTy 1880 roxa MeatAy CTopTHBroMB a npaitHTeALCTBOMB ‘). H3MfjieHie CT3TBU 74 BOpiieAtCEoS KOnCTHTynilt BBTOMB. CMHCXS, BTO MBHBCTpH 11 Baeaii rocyAapcTBeHHaro couhTa MoryTB bbhtbcb bb sacijaHia crop- THHra,—6hao nepBHMB marosiB kb cepbesaoMy HsaiiBeHiD Boofime koh- CTHTynia. Ho, OAHaxo, BonpocB btotb bb HopseriH ao chxb nopb (1884 r.) ho piaieHB QKOHaaTe.ibuo. rJIABA II. Otbbtctbbhhoctb mhbhctpobb. I. 08B bcbxb BonpocoBB*, KacanmHXCB OTHonieHiS najan, kb mb- HHCTepcTBy, nepBOe Micro aaHHMaeTB BonpocB o6b omenmcmeemtofimu MUHucmpon. BoopocB btotb hm$6tb aoboabbo 6oAbmyx> AHteparypy ’) >) Cm. CTp. 160—158. IV Die Vcrantwortlkhkeii der Mi-
— 491 h npejcTatuaeTT, MautcTHyu nocTeneHHOCTB bi cboomi. HCTopmecKOMt pa»BUTiH. Ho tfojibsu CKaaaTb, qroGw Bci HHcaTe.rfi, aaBHMaBuiiecw ero pa3pa6orKo8, o.iaiiaKono cmotp'Iijih Ha ocHosaHui, kohoiquh uiju a 4*0pny MHHHCTepcKOfl OTItiTCTBGHHOCTH. HaiipOTHBX, OTHOCHTejbHO 9TOTO BonpocayieHbie nsc-iijoBaTe.iH iipejcTan.iaioTX Becbuapaa.iHiHbifliiHiHifl. BcaiACTBie Toro, bto caaua ocHOBaaia MHHHCTepcicoB otbIitctbobhocth h ea u'kia HB.iaiOTca aobo.ibuo cxoiKiibiMH h MorymHMH AMcTBHTe.tbuo 6htb buboaohuhh a»b paa.iHiHUXx uaqajx,—mu HanHeHX cx nncaT?.w, KOTopuft H3-iaraen. cnoe yieaie bt» npocriSuieS exeat, 'cooTBtrcTByB- mea o6nieMy aoHBTiD o KOHCTiiTynioHHofi Moaapxni. umohho cx Koh-, ciana. Mu yase ynpMHHa.ui, hto KoHcranx-BX OTHonieaia Tpopia pas- jlucuifl B.iacTc.fl bhccx noupaBEy kx yaeHio MoaTecKBfi: Bntr.To rpexx BjacTeS MoiiTecKbfi, 3aKoaojaTe.itao8, cyje6HoS a aonoanaTejiBHoS, ohx npCA-ioauLix ni-ieme n ix aa 5, tmeano: 1) nxacTb3aKOHodamcAU<yto cpovuyto ( najara AeayraTOBx), 2) iuacu. 3mmodamext,Hj’m nncmoanHyn (uaxaTU nnpoux), 3) BjacTb cydeSnyto, 4) hxrctb ucnoAnumeAbuyn (ua- pyKOBOxamee oaancnic upa poapadoTst ancTpiftcsaro aasoua ,061 OTBtrCTBenBOCTH HiiB«CTpoBb“ 1867 roja. 2) Erne Coiie crapoe, ao ae yipaTHBiaeo aaaaeHia jn aa- CTomaaro apeveaa, ccrt iiacxkjoiiaaie Koacraaa (Benjamin Constant) oxnoro aav MaBBiSmaii apejcxaBBTc.ieS aoactaryaioaaofi Teopianoipaania, oonimennoe « ero Coatsdepolitique constitulionnelle,I, exp.70- 89,886-480, aajaaaoM*ci npautu- aiiiuHAadyaabx1861—1864a1872rojara. 8) 08baoaorpagriS, aaBanaomaxi cpexnee coiBHenie B^xxeyca, Die Ministerverantwortlichkeit in constitutiannellen Sto- narchien (Mmucmepctcait tmenmcmeemioctm «s KOHCmumyuioimumMoaapxi- XXt) —coaaneaie ae croxi o6aeaacToe, Barn, coisneaie Moxa, a aenteSesrpncrpa- CTHOe; ono BHnuo bt. 1838 roxy. 4) HeGoxunaa Abhandlnng Bamoipa (Binchof), Die MmisterverantmrUichkeit und die StaatsgericMsMfe in Deutschland (MmiucmcpcKtui omenmcmseutwcmbumicutietocydapcmecnme cydu e» repmmu) 1859 roja. 5) 03i 6ox*e bobbxi coiaueai# uoaao yaasan. Cawysaa (Samneiy), Das Princip der Mmislerverantwortlichkeit m der constitutionneUen Mo- Mottapxiu) 1869 roja. 6) Cmxa me otaocatea soaaeorapia aa aacrpiSciti* moan 1867 toja 4>pauna Jayne (Fr. Hauke), Die Lehrs von der Minislerverantwort- lichkeit, cine vergleichendeStudie eu dem Osterreichischm Staatsreeht (yveuie ........... \" *..........a aecmpiuCKOMy ,'ojobi. Haaoaeni, 7)cxtjyeTnynoMsnyri jxa coaaaeaie Jopeana UlreSna, VertcaUmgslehrc, rxt ooi. si roat I, aa' a caix. (aaxania 1S6S roja), paiaHHaen joboxibo opHraBaxanyu Teopio o
— 492 — HHCTpu) H 5) BJaCTB yMtopXWWytO (ROpOJb). OCTaBXHfl BbCTOpOBt 88- BonoiaTe/tnyo h tfae6nym R-iaCTb, mu bhahstb 3jicb pasjixeHfe B.18CTH ilCB0JHHTe.lI.HOfi MB JB'ii RaCTH! HCIIO.lHHTe.’n.HyIQ Bb COfiCTBOH- hom'b cMuejit, npBBaajie«aiu,y». HHHHCTepcTBv, h BJiacn. yirfepauinyn, KOTOpafl anteTB oTHomeHie ko ‘acini B.iacTHMb Bb rocyjapcTBi i npHHaa.iesHTi aopojB. Hat vieiria KoHcraHa, Taram ofipasom, bh- XOAHTb, BTO KHHHCTepCKaa OTBiTCTBeHHOCTb BOKO0TM H8 TOMl, WO MHHHCTpil CyTb BpeiCTaBHTeaH HCBOJHHTeBbHOft BJiaCTH Bb co6ctboh- homi cMuc-ii. KoHCTam, 6am, npejCTaBHTe,ieMi Toro BSrMfia, BOToparo ■Aepmaaca h Tbepb, Korja roRopn.ib, tto Kopo.ib napcrByera, no fie ynpaBJiaert („ie roi regne; mais il n? gouverne pas“). ynpaBaeme co- cpOAOTOTHBaercji Bb pyaaxb khbbctpobi, ho Kopoxt ofiaeienb npaaom jaBaTb hmi OTCTaBKy, Korjia ohb cbiihui ynpaB.ieHiein. B036yjBJB ho- Aonipie Ki ce6i naaaTU. .CpejcTBoni. ofieancMcrna KOHCTBTyufOHHOCTH Hib ynpasaoHia h 88ROHhocth xificTsifi npejcTaBJueTca npaBO o6bh- HeHia HXb OaxaTOB. KopOQIL HOOTBiTCTBeHb, MHHHCTpH OTB*flTCTB6BHbI. 9XHMb B3aHHHUHb IlO.lOXtellieMb ROpOJIfl, tasb H6 OTRiTCTBCHHarO rxaBH rocyaapcTaa, h MHHHCTpoRb - OTBtTCTBennbixb Hcno.iHHTP.ypfi, a oObHcnjieTcii o6®ifi Bsrjia^b Koucraua mi MHHHCTepcKyw OTBiTCTBOH- Hocib. Ho, Bb TaKOMb c-iynai, Teopia cro ocHOBaHa Ha no.ToacniR, Koxopoe caMO eine Tpe6yerc, lOKaaaTejbCTBa, T.-e. juh opnaam ea ayjRHo enye npessne goKasaTb, no noaonOHie MnracTpoBb bt, roeyxap- CTBi hmorho throbo, RaKHMb ero H:iofipa*taerb KoBCTam. PascnaTpH- Raenaii cb opiuniccBofi tohkh spiiHia, Bia Teopia HecocToaTeibHa, TRKb K8Rb ROpOJbHB.1HCTCHTRaBOBHCBOXDHTeabHofl BJI8CTH| npHTOMb B.iacTbK, KHiiomen cbo» bo.i» Bb ynpaweHiH rocyjapcTBOMb, To, no awraiflcBie mpacruHaatiRaBTb „6esiiBHH0CTbDRopoan“ , coctohts hm€hho TO.IbKO Bb TOMb, 170 KOpO.lb He MOBteTb JipHHHMRTb llHKaRHXb »tpb Henocpedcniaenm orb ce6a, a ito OHb, Bb yc.ioBiaib napojHaro npej- CTaBHTexbCTBa, xoaseHb jrtficTBOBaTb Hepe3b 0iJ>4>imia.'ibHUe opraHH, RAK0BHMH HBHADTCA OTBiTCTBOHRlje MHHHCTpH. II. Teopia Mo.ia npexcTaB-raeTb HtaoTopoe cxoactbo cb yreHieMb KoHCTawa, ho ohb nocTaBaena Huane. H«eHHo Mojib bhahti Bb ycao- BiaXb ROHCTHTyniOHHO# HOHapxiH H Bb OH DpiiMiHeiliH HiROTOpyB paaHHny hjh paaMOOHie. Cb OAHoft-.CTopoHU, HMieTca rxasa Hcno.iHH- TejibHoS saacTH—I'Ocyjapb, oCaieicHHuB mnicTHUMu npaBaMH no ynpaBjeeio a 8aE0H0jaTe.ibCT8y, cb CBoeB, npeporarHBOfl, EOTopop OHb noxbsypTca caKocTwrejibHo h HesaBacBMo; cb spyroS CTopona — npe4CTaBHTe.iH ero bxbcth, orpaRBRemuc Bb cbobxi npaBaxb tJibh .npaBaMH, ROTOpua KOBCTBTyuiaMB rapaHTRpynTca rpaacjaHaBb h pas- jiHRHbiMb o6wecTBeHHHMb coiosaMb. Bb cajy <orpaHRqeHia tipaBb xopo- jeecRoB b.trctr B3BicTHUMH npaBaMH ooiyaHHuxb, xxh hhh, paBHO
— 493 — btoujsasi a aah upeporaTHBb EopoAH, TpeSyn^ca h3b'6ctbuh rapatmH. IIo* Kopo.ii, a t OTHomesiH Kb oratJtBHai hoawhhux* h Kb aeny- TSTaMi, aaieTb- npajo TpeCoRaTb cyaefiHaro upee.itAOHauia Bb cayiai aapymeHia hhu saaoHOBb. Haofioporb, aapoaHoe npeacTasHTeatcTBO, K4KT. yqpejEAeuie, HMtumep ui-ibn 3amiiTy a 'oxpaHeHie npapt rpa- *AaHb, o6jeqeao npauosn. npuBxeqeHia mhhhctpobi.Bb oTB’&TCTBeaaocTH. maC-itfloBaTejLiio, MHHHCTepcKaa OTBtTCTBeHBOCTb ecTt rapaHTia rpajKjaiib. Ho Cb BTofi toibh apfeHia ocaoaaaia 6a Aaaeso He noAHU- MHHiic.TcpcKaa OTB'iTCTBenaocTb cb btoB toekh sp£nia HBHjacb 6u opyaiejib npocAliAOBaHia Bb Tixb CAyqaaxb, koP‘,1a Hapyuieuu aanonu a KOHCTBTynia. Meacay Tiab mhhhctpu npaBAeKarnca Kb OTB'hTCTBeH- hocth He TOJbKO sb 9Taxb cayqaaxb, bo a t o w , kotas pesyjibTaxu BXb UOAHTHEH OEaBUBaiOTCB HeyAOBAeTBOpHTeALHHHH, HAH Korja, BCXtA- iiaCTsie yaymenift, CA'fuaHHwxb hmh, bb jb b t cb rocyjapcTsa n3ii'fccTHua HesuroAU, BpeAb h yfiuTBB. CjtAOBaTexbHO, mhhhctpu npaibieEacTca Kb oTBixy He TO-ibKO sa aapyineHie yc.ioBi8 satomiaFO ynpaBAeHia, ho a sa to ynoTpeGjieme babcth, BOTopoe ohb jtxaioTb Bb pasAHqHbixb OTHomeHiaxb. OpocTynKH, vnymenia h opecTynxeHia no aoabhocth, sa KOTopue mhhhctpu upuBjesaioTcji Kb oTB&TCTBeHHOCTa, xoryTb 6urfc hoabbaohu hoab AH* Kaieropia: 3AoynoTpe6jeHie BjacTbD h 6e3jtfl- CTBie BxacTH. OTb fieaA'hfiCTnia bascth Koryn, npoasofiTn ctojb cyme- CTBeaHbifi BpeAb m yfiuTKH aah rocyAapcTBa, eto no cha* o6inaxb sa- KOHOBb, Kacaiomaxca AOAJEHOCTHHXb AHQb, OHH JOJKHhl OTB't'iaTb 8& BTOTb BpeAb a y6HTKH, npHBHHBCMijc rocyAapcTBy, HAH Bb yroxoB- HOMb, HAH Bb rpaJKAaHCKOMb nOpHAK'll, TOHUOTSKb ae, KBKb a 8a 8A0- ynoTpe6jeHie BjacTbio. TaKHMb oOpasoab, 3Ta Teopia mhhacTepcaofi OTBtTCTBeaHOCTH, pas- . BHBaeMaH Bb yieHia Moaa, He hbah6TCA HcqepnuBaDiueB. Ho 06b Teopia, aaKb Moah, TaKb a KoHCTapa, coonitTCTByioTb TOMy bstahaT hb EOHCTUTynioRHoe ynpau.ienie, KOTOpuS caojbhjcs Bb 30-Xb TOAaxb: Tor.ia Bb caaofi KOHCTHTyaiounocTa npaaAenia bhj4ah rapaHTiu upasb, BpeAOCTaBAOHHUxb rpaaAaBaHb. Bb AaAbHiflmein. CBoeab paSBHTiH, yaeHie o mhhmctopckoS otb^tctbchhocth<aoasho 6hao BMAOM:inf,imTLca Bb COOTB^TCTBiH Cb HOBUUH SSrAHAEMH Ha SajalH KOHCTHTyiUOHHarO ynpaBAenin. Bb to Bpeaa, EaKb nacajia KoacTaHb a Moab, KoacTHTy- qioHBUfl yqpeacAeHia 6uju Bb oGaacTa nosejaHifi 6ojie, liwh Bb At0CTBHTeAbHOCTH; KOHCTHTyuioHHafl ACHSEb Bb EBpOdi TOAbKO BTO 3apo*AaAaeb; cjiAOBaie.ibHo, MHorie sonpoeu, Bo9HHEaiou(ie npa npu- BeAeHia *Bb AiScTBie KOHCTBTyqiOHHaro npaBAeeia, 6bun HesHaEoau; caaaa uayaa 06b yupaB.ieHia (TaKb HasuBaeMaa Verwaltungslehre) aa- xoAHjacb euje Bb MAaAOHqecTB'fc. Iloc.iii toto, Kasb kohcthtj pioHiiua yqpesAeHis 6ua h nocxeneHHO BBeAeau Bb Eapont a H3b o6abcth do-
— 494 — *eaaHi# uepenua Bfcofaac^b aSflcTBjrre.ibHO0 zhshh, EorAaosasaAocb, ato KOHCTBTynioHHiw rocyAapcTBa jo.ikhu AiAara to ze casoe, tto a Bcaaia jpyria ki OTHoroeHia cbohxi. aiAefi a saiam,—ror^a Haat- hhaca bsimhak a iia cymeeTBO Hcno.iHHieai.Bofi hjircth. fjis Teopia JfHHHCTepCKO*. OTBtTC'TBeHBOCTH I10Tpe60B»AOCb Apyroe ofioCHOBSHie. IIpH 9T0MT, HyZBO.SaMiTHTB, TTO H3T. OJBOfi EpafiHOCTfl yAPHUe BTOTO iiepioja nepexoAHTi bi Apyryn. Ecah npezAe KoHCTaat, Moat h Ap. HH.vh.lU BT> HHHHCTepCROfi 0TB4TCTBt‘HHOCTH TOAhKO rapallTlIO npHBT. rpaznaan., to apa robomt. KOHCTpyapoBanin caaaro noRHTin 061 HcaoaaaTeabBOfi •Baac»a bth yneBia uepeiu.ia bt. Apyryu EpafiaocTB. Hcxoah hht. coBepmeHao aipaaro aoaozeHia, tto acnoaHHTeaBHaa iiaacn, HeiiaBHa, hto OHa joazHa hm4tb cboo cpeAOTonie, ato ueataa AonycaaTb paBAiaeHia ea aa yaipawnxyw B.iacTt aopoaa ■ acnoaBHTeai.nyio BaacTb uhhbctpobt., ato neabsa co3AasaTb H3b mh- HKCTpoBi. ocoCeaHyio BaacTb, HeaaBHCHMyn ora Kopoaa,—obh nuTaAacb ofiocHOBaTb TeopiD o HHancTepcnofi otb4tctbchhocth aa orpaHMAeaiH apaBA> BopoaoBCEOfi npeporaTHBu. Tara, HiKOTopue, Kara, nanp.. J3a- aroijra (Bischof) ‘), crapajHCb CTaib Ha Ty noABv, ato Kopoab coeAH- aaera bt. cefii Bci npasa acnoAHareAbnofi n.iacTH, a mhhhctph hbjjuotch ero opyAieMi,. Ho a*h Toro, ato6h EopoAb ho SAoynoTpefi.iam, cbooio BaaCTbB, ero HHRHCTpu hbjhkitch orrfcTCTBeHHbiMH. Bcaaie rktu, 3acxOAamie ora BcnoAHHTeAbaofi ba.tcth, ao.ikhu 6uti, HSAaBaeau ora HMeaa sopo.ia, bo OTBiTCTBeHHOCTb a saEoaaocTb a KOHCTHTyniOHHocib 8MAX'S aKTOBT. AOAZHa OaAHTI, Ha MBHHCTepCTBO, EBK'b OpyAI® KOpOjeB- CEOfi BJacTH. Ta nocAiAHaa KOHCTpyRnia, ra cbok> onepeib, HeyAOBae- TBOpHTeAbHa, DOTOHV ATO BT. KOHCTHTYHiOHHOfl HOB&pxiH HHHHCTpy He hbahdtch nacToaiUHEb opyAieMx EopoxeBCEOfl bascth. Kcah 6a aa- 6 6uHHCTpU H HAH TasRHT, opyAieMS, TO eo ipso HCA63Aa BCa HIS OTBiTCTBeHHOCTb. HaKa3bIBaTb MHBHCrpoBb3ETO, ATO OHH HCDOAHBIOra KopOAescxia npHKaaaHia, 3HEABTT. HasaauBaTb hxt, 3a a* ao, bs eoto- POMS OHH BOBCe HenOBHHHH, H KOTOpOe OSH CBMH HCDOAHEAH, MOZera fiHTb, npOTHBT, BOAH. ECAH UpHSHaBBTb TaEyi) OTB^TCTBeHROCTb HHHH- erpoB'b, to ayzao crara Ha tv TOAEy spina, Ha KOTopofi ctoejb BHcaapKt, EorAa roBopaxs bt, npyccaorc xaRXTari, ato „bi Hpjccia Hira APyrofi noAHTHEa, Kpo*i bojhtheh KopoAa*. Ho ecaa corjacHTbca a 3THMT. nOJOKCHieET,, TO HCAesaeEb BCHEOe•OCHOBaHie HHHHCTepCKOft OTBiTCTBeHBOCTH. Teopia 'C^aysAH aaiera bs BHAy A0Ea3aTb, ato rjaBHaa b4ab HHHHCTepCROfi 0TB4TCTB6HH00TH3aEADAaeTCRBT, HOofixOAHMOCTUROBTpOJA ’) Bischof, Die MmisterveranlwortlichkeU uni die Staatsgerkhtshsfe in Deutschland, 1859 r.
— 495 — H3J£ MHffHCTOpCIiHMT* yapaBAeBieMt, KOTOphlS COcpeioTO^HBaeTCJI t/b prsaxT, naj&TH, h, BCjtjCTBie aroro, CanyajH crapaerca o6ocao- aaTt HHnHCTepcKyH) OTBiTCTBeiiHocn. Ba naiaiaxt sonfime c*yoKe6nou OTBtTCTBeHHOCTH. CxixOBaTeAbHO, UHHKCTepCKaS OTBiTCTBeHHOCTK Bt ero yieBia HBAaerca oahhhx hsi> bh^ob'b toB xHcnHBAHBapHOft oTB'feT- CTB6HHOCTH, KGTOp'ua BO.Hflj’KXaeTCJI HpOTHBt BCAHBXt cxyacaiUHSl .WW> ■no noBojy HeHCuoxHenia hub cbohxx ofoisaHHocTeft hah 3AoynoTpe6ieKia CBoeio BaacTtK). Ho, xoth CauyaxH aobojbho npocrpaHRO pa3BHBaen> cboaj Teopiio, ona Moaten, 6htb ycTpaaeaa oahhmx cyipecTBeHBUMT. -B03paaceHieMX, HMenao, iro .iiicnun.mnupnaii otb4tctb6hhocti> B036y- ajaeTca aenpeM'feHuo ahiwmb, Ha’UMtcmeymttuMtt max ao-ukbocthiimh janaua, a caMoe AHcmwAHaapHoe dpohbboactbo npeinoxaraeTt HajHi- hoctl Taicaxt opraaoBt, m KOTopuxt 3aBacnn> HaaHaaeHie a ynojb- aenie Aox»HOCTHHXt ahux a, CAiAoaaTejBao, AHcnBU-iBHapaaa aaAt HHMH BAaCTh. XOTA 6u AHCKHDABHapHOe upOHSBOACTBO B 6HAO COCpeAO-. Toaeao Bt oco6oMt yipeKAeHia, itaKt, aanp., Disciplinargerichtshof at TepMaHia, ho b Bt sToat bha4 AHCiimiAHHapuua cys.%mbhjich 6h auiul aacrtio odmnxt aAHHRHCTpaTHBHUXt yape*Aeai8. Mhhhctpu ae ao- otbbabhu Bt Tania OTBOBieaia Kt najari, bto6b oaa irorja axt aa- 3aaiaTi,, vboalhati,, aaKasHBaTt; cA'fiAOBaTCJbao, upBKitaeHie at mhhh- CTepcaofiOTlfiiTCTBeHHOCTHnpaBHJlto6t AHCHHDAHBapHOflotb4tctbchboctb . He HB.ineTca oOocnOBaHHHHt aa TBepAUXt K>pHAnaecnaxt uaaajaxt. III. B t A\"60CTBHTeAbBOCTH MHHUCTepcxaa OTB'JlTCTiteBHOCTI, HJTteTt a paauQoOpaarrua ocHoeauia, h pasAHiHua h±jh. 1) Oaa rntiien cBoe ocHOBaaie upeat.ie Bcero Bt Tout npaB’fc, KpTopoe apeAOCTaBAeao na- jaraMt, oxpaflflTb AificTBie KOHCTHTyaionouxt aasoHOBt a HaGiwxaTi, sa bcIimh saKOBUMH, H3AaHBuaH c t coraacia najian,, Bt ax t npHMi- •HeHiH ko B c i a t Bonpocaat yupaBAeHia. 2) Bt cbhsb c t bthmt, dobo- BHiiju,AOMt MHHHCTepcKOfi oTBiTCTBeHHOCTH saxoAHTCfl Apyroe BOAOHEeuie. Mb bto c t paasBTieat KOHCTHTyaioHHHXt yipeatjeniB ycTa- BOBHAOCt TBepAoe pasAHBie HeatAJ t&mh o6iubmh hopmamh, KOTopua ooAt HMeHeMt 3aaonoBt hah ciaTyTOBt hsabiotcs na.iaTaMH c t coiuacia Kopoaa, h t-6mh pacnopaseBiaMH, ordonnances, orders, Verordnnngen, SOTOpua HCXOABTt OTt KOpOAH Bt COB'feT'fe, T OTt KOpOAfl, KaKt riauti ifcnoAHHTeALHofi u.iacTH. ycTaHOBAenie SToro paaAHiia saBHCHTt,* Koaerao, o r t npasBaHia HapoAsaro npeicTaBBTejtcTBa Kt yaaciio Bt H3AaHin 3axoHOBt. BcAtjcTBie SToro, MHHacTepcKaa OTBiiTCTneHHOCTb BBAaBTCa npaKTHBecKHHt cpeACTBOMt aah oxpaHeaia rpaHHUU Mezay saKOHaMH h □ocTaaoBAOBiaxH pacuopaAHTeAiHOH BAacTH. Ecah 3Ta pa3- Bana npHUUHuiaAbBO ycTaHOBAeaa Bt KoncraTyaiaxt, •xo oHa acieSAa «606b IpaXTHBeCKH 6«3t MHBHCTepCBOfi OTBtlCTBeHHOCTH, TOW MH- ancTpu MorAH 6b HSAaBBTB -o6in,ia nocTaHOBAeaia c t TaKOB chaod.
— 496 — iaitx aaKOHU, k aapaAHSOBaTi, iiScTBie aocA-bAHHXX. 3) flaate, mh- HBCTepcTBo, bx oco66hhocth bx vcAoeiaxx napAanenTapHaro yupaMflaia, BaxoAHTca hoax H3BicTHHM7> KOHTpo.ieax aaAara. Ila ja n n ae npa- HaAJieatHT't yBoatHeaie ji onpeakieHie khhhctpobx, ho najaTU both- pyDTX 3aKOBH, BHOCHMUC MHHHCTepCTBOMX OTX HHODH BOpOAA, BftTH- pynra Hajora, BOTHpyioTX HSjcpatKH, pacnpeAtAHDrf cymra na pasane npeAHOTH rocyiapcTBeHHaro ynpaBjenia no CTaTLHMX, cAtAara sa Ha- npaBJOHieHx boahthkh BH'kniHeft h BHyxpeHHeft h t. a. BcitACTBie BToro, naxaTanx upaHajaeatHra onpe,rkAeHHH# eobtpoab hsax At8- CTBiaMH Hcno.iuaxe.ii.HoS babcth; OTsiTCTBeHHOCTb ace mhbhctpobx hbahgtch oahoS hbx rapaHTift bojhoshocth TaKoro KOHTpoxa, ocyme- CTBAaeaaro bx tout, cayaa’fe, bcah A$ScTBiatin mhhhctpobx -rocyAaperBO npHBOAUTca Ha Kpafi ihGojih hah Tepuaru ymepfix hah epejx, see paBHO, ni»HexoAHTi ah aio otx 3.ioyuoipe6.ieuiu h upeBumeBia mh- HHCTpaHH CBOeft BAHCTH, HAH OTX 6e3,i'kficTBia BAHCTH Tan, TAt. bx c « y cymecTByiowaxi saKOBOux., HHaacxpuaoakhu 6uah A'l'ScTBOBaTb. TaKHMi. o6pa3oai, Ha dthxx Tpexx iMiaBHUxx ocnoBaHiaxx hohoetca HHHHCTepcEaa otb^tctbshhoctk llocTpoimnaa na «thxx ocnonaniaxt, ohs Hoaei-t' 6htb 0TA*JeHa ora ApyrHxx bhaobx otb^tctbohhocth HHHHCTpOBX, KAKX JOAJKHOCTHUXX AHRX. 1) Ee Hy2CH0 OTAHHHTb OTX - TOfl HpaBCTBeHHoS OTBiTCIBeHHOCTH, EOTOpyD HeCOTX BCHKifi BOAHTH- BecKiB A&iTeAb; m otb4tctbohhoctb .leaura He toabko Ha HHimcxpara, ho h Ha AenyTaTaxi, Ha KopoA-h; HpaBCTBeHHan OTBiTCTBeHBOCTt rfcMX H OTAHiaeTCA, BTO Oil H6H HHKTO He MOJB6TX Ce6fl VCTpaHHTL.^2) Mh- HHCTepCKyB) OIBiTCTBeHHOCTBBX BHlUeVKaBHHHOMXVCHUCA'i HVKHO OTAH- aaxb ora Taitx HasunaeMoS' napjaMeHTapiioft OTBiTCTBeDHOCTB, T.-e. ora paBAHBHHxx. cnocoCoB'b AHmeHia MHHHCTepcTBa noAAepatKH najarx nyTeux Bupa*eBia HeaoBipia hah nopanaHia HHHHCTepcTBy, nyieMX 0TKa3a bx Tira nkpaxx, KOTopua oho npa3Haera nyaiBUMx npexAO- »HTb. MHHHcrepcTBoifiaKTHiecKH ycxpaaaeTCa orasaHHMaeMUXT,aoabbo- cre8, hah, BHpaaaacb xexhhiockh, mmaciepcTBO „naaaeTx“, BcatjCTuie cepbesHaro nopaKeHia .bx naaaTt, Bc.ikxcTBie Toro, no aaBOHbf, HBAanniieca mBHUKX ycAOBieux ocymecTBaeHia ero nporpaMxu, He npHHHMaioTcanaAaToS; caobohx—mhhhct6pctbonaxaera bxtomx cjyaat, •ecAH oho AHinaeTca aoxxepaitH najara hah BB3UBaeTx npomra cefa TaKoe npoTHBOAiScTBie co CTopoau ofiiuecTBeHHaro Mn*Hia, no caaa XOpOHa HaXOAHTX HyaHHMX HSHkBHTb COCTSBX CBOHXX C0b£tHHH0BX. Ho OTBiTCTBeHHOCTb HHHHCTpOBX BX C06CTBeH0MX CMUCAt npCAOO- jaraera ofiBHHeHie uxx bx aaKOHonpemynnvm, fffcaHiaxx. IIpu dtomx apeAnoiaraBTCHsaisoHU, npeAycMaTpHBa»n(ie Taaia npecxyunua AiaHia, apa Ha.iHUiocTK KOTopwxx B036yKAaeTCa ofiBHoeHie, onpej^Aaomie cyAe6HHa nicTa, Koropua ' Ao.iatHU pascMatpaBaTb Taaia AiHHfa, a
— 497 — Taitate camjft cnocofit cyAonpoasBDACTBa do bhmt. Bt stout. cbhcjIi TiUHHCTepcKaa otb'&tctbchboctb bochtt hhcto mpHjHiecKit xapaKTepr. Oua BU3UBaeTca h, TaKT CKaaaTt, (jiopMa-imusiu BOTUBaxB: Hapvme- BiBMl 38K0H0BT, KOBCTMTynifi, H TilKJKe XOTHBaHH nO-lUTHHeCKHMH, KS- koiiumh bbjbdtcji BpeAT. m yOuTKH, RaBOCHMue rocyjwpcTBy AypnuxT yupaBjenieMt a np. 3to paoHOofipasie mothbobt, a TaKate h to, tto DpHXBBeCBie MOTHBtl HepllJKO COieTatOTCB CT. DOJHTHTCCKHMH, H CJV- *HTB UpHBHHoS, BOBCMy oOoCHOBailie BHBHCTepCKOfl OTBtTCTB6HHOCTH bt> paajiiiBHuxT. TeopiaxT xbahqtch ho xaKoS CTeneaH 3aTpyjBUT6JH.- bumt, h miioMy Bonpoci. o HuuHCTepcKoBOTBtTCTBeHuocTH pa3ptuiaeTCH aeoAHHaKOBO na npaaTHBt bt pasaHBBHXT, rocyiapcTBaxT, a saKOHO- MTeaBCTBaxT., upa lexT Bt.KOTopua rocyjapcTBaoGxoabtch bobcb feiT 8011X8X1 SaKOHOBT. 0 MHBBCTepCKOB OTB’llTCTBeHBOCTH. Bt. Am-xia,- r x i pa3RH.ica h ycTaHOBHJca npHnijanT mhhhctc pesos oTBtTCTBeHHocTR, xu, ojRaKo, Be saxoABMT oGmaro aaKOHa, KacaiomarocH btoto npejMera. BcjiACTsie stoto, cauua i|)opMU xanacTepcKoft otb4t- CTBeHHOCTH a nopsAOKT, no86ysACiiin TaKOBoB noKOHTcn Ha npenejieB- Taxt, T.-e. Ha t4xt ontatHUXT. CjysaaXT, Kor.ta aurjiBcxiB nap.ia- MCHTT H0JJ.30BajCfl CBOefi B.iaCTBK) *)• M*u OrpaHBTHMCH yCTaHOBJCHieXT. r.iaBH-JiflmHXT. cjiopui mhhhctopckoB OTBiTCTBeaHOCTH h npec.ri'.AOBaHifl MUHHCTpoB’fc. Tasaxa. (popxi. AB*; nepnaa i]iopMa—bto oOBaueiiie bt, co6- cthchhomt cmuc.i I;, impeachment, BoaOyatAaeMoe moKnefi naxaToB x pa3CxaTpMBaexoe naaaToS .iopaobt, bt. KaaecTB'feBepxoBHaro cyjH-imna. 9ra <t>opua ycTanoBHjacb bt. Anrxia Bea.ua paHO. Ilepnufi cjyaafi Ta- eofo o6BHHeHis oTBOCHTca kt 1376 roAy, Korja TaKT. BasuBaexuB . ,Jl,o6puH UapjaxesTT1* BosGyAHJT npecjitAOBaaie bpothbt jopaobt JlaTHMepa 8 HeBHjja a Hant.cTuoii Ajhcu IleppepcT.; bt catAyninee nocji-fe 9ayapAa III KapcTBOBanie, HMeimo npa PaiapAli II (nocjfcAHiS 88T lIxaHTareHeroBT, 1377— 1399rr.) 6hjo aicKOABKO cjyoaeiiT, o6bh- BeHia TlllKOTOpUXT. KOpOjeBCKHXT COBtTHHKOBT. MeatAy npOTHMT, o6bh- HeBie 6ujo B0:i6ysAeB0 dpothbt Humeja Jla-Hoja, AO-Bepa a ap- Bt AapcTBOBaHie nocJitAysimuxT. AaaacTifi: JlaHKacTepcKofi, lopKCKoS a Tn- AopoBT <J>opMa ofiBHHeaia impeachment 6u,ia samiHeHa Apyroio (o koto- pofi Haase). H3t no3jHhfimnxT cxyiaeBT impeachment aaMitaTeJibHU, xeacAy npoiHMT, caiAynmie: ofiBHHeHie bt 1626roAy J»6a>ma Kapja I, jopAa ByKaHruxa, 3arfiMT bt 1678 roAy ofeaneHie aanacTpa Kapja II, Jb^Oh, 8, HaKOHenT, BcexipBo H3BhcTnufi npoacccT renepajT-ryfiepHa- ') 9th pasiBTRue ciyvan bt ocoOeHuocrH noApofrio paapaGoTariH Moieua bt HasBanHoMi cothbobib. oacToamaro BpeMonn\" ot-rv Sojie noaaaro b TOTaaro oSosptBia bc*xt. npoieccoBi, aor«a J«6o BwiBmHxt Micro m AarjiH, no oCaaHeiiiio
— 498 — Topa OcTt-Haiia, 1’acTHnrca, KOTOpufi 6hab npe^am cy*y najaTH jopaobb bb KOBut 18-ro cTOA-h-ria h, HecMOTpa Ha oneBiuHOCTb ero rteaiuc-ieiiHUXi, .npecTyuxeniii, — oopaBAairb. MesAy BCiMH bthmh c-jyiaBMu impeachment ocoCeHHaro BHHuauis sacaysHBaen. upoaeccb J,bh6h, tbeb saai bb Hem buhchhjiicb rxaBHHe noiioju h iipimuHUB MUUHCTepCKOfi OTBiTCTBBHHOCTH. HjieHHO, BB<npOHeCch jlanClB fiuxo 06oCHOB8HO TO npaBHM, 4T0 HHUHCTPU OTBiiaiOTB HO TOAbKO 30 38- KOHHOCTb CBOHXB AtflcTBifl, U6 TOAbKO88 iflOpMaJIbHOe COPAatie HXB CB KOHCTiirynieio crpanu, no Taaate, no Bupaateniio nap.iaM6HTa, „3a icct- HOCTB, CnpaBejiHBOCTb H UOJII.ay HXB UllspB11. ^l,8H(5a bOuHHHACH BB TOMB, mto obb 1) H3M'bunaaecKiiMB o6pa30MB yiacTBOBaai. bb npo/aah Kaaa (ftpaHny3CK0My npaBHTejn.cTBy, 2) n0TB0pcTB0Ba,iB nannasiy, 3) pacrpa- 'BHBa.iB rocyjapcTBeunun cyMuu,. 4) AaiiajB Kopo.no npeanue contra o pacuymeniu nap-iaHenTa, 5) uuTymuB bb npecTynnun CHomeui« cb BpaasAeOuuMB Ahimin npaBHTe.ii.ctbomb. (llo STOMy noe.Mhj.ncMy ujuktv Abb6h npHBMOCB, C0OCTBCIIH0, OTBhTOTb 3a -CBOerO Kopo-Jfl Kapja n, KOTophift nojyiaaB nencin otb JlyOAOBHKaXIV). 9th pasAHEHua o6bh- Henia Kacatotca He OAHOft to.h.ko sasoHOsrhpnocTH jhfiCTBiii )t,8nCn, ho TaK»e iio.ib3U, cnpaiie.’UHKo'CTH ii- uccthocth, kokobumh h,ao.i* hh no upeHMymccTBy pyKOBO.ncTBOBai'Bca mhhhctph. BTopaa (JiopMa, bb BOTopoft napjasienTB noABeprdeiB upec-it/io- naniio He TOjbKo jo.iatiiocTHiJXB, uo h pasHHXB ApyruxB .ihub, oto tokb nasuBaesiuH „6haab o upecAiAOBanin” b ill'of attainder. Bill of attainder rhMB OTAnqaeTca otb'<I>opnbi impeachment, ito bb 8T0fl.no- ciiAHefl cobxsojaiOTca npaBHAbHua. 4>opiibi cyAonpouSBOACTBa, liueiiuo, ofiBHHeHie HAeiB otb BiiiEiiefi uu.iara, Koropaa HasHanaeTB H3BliCTHoe . KOjuiecTBO xoMMHCcapoBB iJH HOAAepisaHisodBHHeHia bb naxarh xop- AObb; obBHHHeiioMy ’npeAocTaBJUieTca «36paTb ce6h aamuTnuKa, ecxH ohb HaxOAHTB HTatHHMB, hah » e caMOMy 3am,Hm,aTbca. Caobomb, jh-io pa3CBaTpHBaerca bb t*xb' cyAeCHUXBijiopMaxB, KOTopmi BOoCiue co6.no- AaBTCH bb naxarfi jopaobb, Korja ona o6pamaeTca bb cyjHJHlue.* (TaaB, ao peiJiopMU 1873 toao na.iaTa aopaobb aobomlho qacTO poa- CMHTPHBaAa, BB KB'ieCTB'S BhlCmefl BHCl'ailipH, paSXHHHUH Aiwa yro- aobhhh h rpaaiAancKifl, BOcxoAiinuiia h3b eyAOBB AnraiH. JlpjaiiAiii h inoTAaHAia). HanpoTiiBB. bill of attainder ecTb HMenHO 6w j i, T.-a 30kom»; onpeAhaaiomi# npec'ayu.ieuie h cooTehTcriiyioiu.ee eMy naKaaaHip bb KaasAOHB abhhomb cjyiaii pro re nata, cjhAoBaiexbHO, brkohb cne- HiaxbHbifl, Aa npHTOMB eiuo cb ofipaTHbiMB A'hflcTBiejiB. 9totb bill of attainder no CBoeHy noxuTHqecKOMy snaqeuiio, noataxyfl, mohcbtb 6htb CpaBBBHB CB OCTpaBHBMOMB .BOHUHHB, HO OHB BHJUeTCU 60Ate CTpaffl- huub; ocTpaKii3MB HMh.iB bb BHAy TOjbKo K3rflanie, a bill of attainder HM'heTB bb bhav upnroBopeme .mna kb cMepmofl Kaimi a kb rnopq<b
— 499 — kPOjih“, T.-e. .iHmemto npaax cocToania u HaBepateHiio uax o6ineciBa. d n m yatacnufl cnicb6i 6hjx H3o6p4reHb He cmibko nap-iaxem-onx, cno.ii.iio caxofi Kopo.ieBCKoSnjacTbio. Tan, 9nyapjxIV (1461—1483rr.) OT^tjiaacH TaKHMii o6pa30M't otx cuoero fipara, repnora ifaapaHCKaro, Kuxopufi tJujx ocymAeax nocpencTBOMx TaKoro 6hjuii. (Othocht6jiho cyjxCu SToro repnora xojhjh cauue aarajoimie cjyxe; rouopu.iu, hto nopojib ho.i1i.it. yTouHTb ero bx Couch nuHa). llpH Tmjopaxx, ocoCbhho npn .renpiixii VIII, bto opyatie cjt.ia.ioct cipamabtiax cpejcTBonx OTAtJUBaTi.cfl o n Behxx jhux Ma.io-Haji.CKH HcyrojtHuxx sopojD. 1’eupHxx VUI, KOTopufl Booome ne npHHajjeaia.iT. kx nacjy jumkhxx rfliaBHTe.ioft *), HanpaBJHJx bto opyatie dpothbx cbohxx .noommeux (Haup., Toxaca Mopa, aBTopa Ymoniu) h oco6eiiHo npoTHBX cbohxx xohx (tbkx noruCja, Meatjv npoqHMX, AhHaBojeBHx). Bx caijyiomifl nepiojT. sro opyatie ofipaTHjoct bx jpyryw eropony. Tara, nocpej- ctbohx bill of attainder 6hjx ocyatjeHX nap-iaHeHTOMx j»6nMenx Kapja I, rpaijix CTpaiJiifopAx; h, xoth rpa^x CTpaijHfiopjx npejociepe- rajx nap.ia«eHTx He fipaTt hbx CTaparo apcenaja opyatie, yace 3a6biToe, ■u „ne fiyjHTb 3acnynmHxx Jbnonx, Boropue coBpeucHeux pacrepsaioTX nacx u jiT e# BauiHxx“...—ho 6uxsh nee TaKH nponrcjx h jaise Cujx DOJOHcailX KapJOMX I. IIoc.i'fejHJiH nonuTKa upHMhHeHia Chjjk of attainder othocbtch kx HHH'buiHeMy cTojiTin. llucuno, I’eoprx IV, y KOTOparofiti.ia HCTopia cx jBeiiofi, Kapo.iHHoB, xortjx ex 3aiuioqeHie oTj'tjaTbCfl otx Hen nocpejcTBOMx 6iuMa of attainder. Ho HpeacHa reHpttxa VIII yaie uponuH. llajara Cu-ia He Ta, ja npuToux BamuTUHKOMx KapojHHU hbhjcx jopjx lipyMb. DouNTHa Teopra He yjajacb. Bx Hacroainee BpeMH, iio*HO cKaaaTb, wo bto opyatie OKOHiaTejbBO cahho bx apxnBb. TliMb fio.if.c, bto caMufi 611,1.1b of impeachment, npn toB bosmomhocth xoHTpoja a uaasopa 3a mhhhctcpctbomx, KaKaa cymecTByeTX bx AHrjin, npa BOBMoatHOCTH ycTpaHHTb KartHHexx, bx cjyqai, ecJH ohx .ihiuhtcb jontpia naaaTX,— anjaeica jocTaTonioit rapatnieS jjh irapo.iHuxx BOJbBOCTei aHrjHHaHx. Ho bx npaHnant mh bhjhmx, bto Kaax hhjk- hbB najart, tbkx h naaarfi jopjoiix npejocTaBjaeica oCmiipnaa B-tacTX bx' OTHomeHiu onpejiijeHiH cociaBa upecTynjeuix, Mipu HaitasaHiH, nopnjHa aejeHia nponecca h t. h. Bhjjb o f impeachment phjKO jocTHraeTx nhjH, ocodemio ec.iH ofiBHdaeMbifl nojb3yeTca nojjepaiKoS bx Bncmexx npyry, K an 6uao npa nponecci racTHHrca. Hponeccx thhtjch 8 A in , h TacTHHrcx 6u jx onpasAaHx, HecaoTpa na ocHsaTeabHua jona3aTeJibCTBa ero 3-ioyno- Hotth Bb omy HTy ae onoxy bx Esponi 6aio 3 „BOJixna“, Kaxx hxx oa- BHMJH, HMeimo: Aojobbbx XI, I'eHpHXx VIII b *epmnaBjx Kaiojaict.
— 500 — TpefijieBia, sripcTBi h t. n.—UoCKOJbKy soofime noBeaeHie mhhhctcj)- CTBa aoabho paacMaTpnBaTi.cn bt. noAHTaaecKOlib cyAHAHni, h no- CKOJBKy caMaa $opna o6BHHeHi)t xoAatHa hmStb nOAHTHiecKoe 8Ha- qeme,—mu paacHOTpHM'b HHJKe. 3A$Cb SaniTHMl TOJILKO, TTO KBAMOpHKf, BTa (fcopMa 3Ba>IHTeAbHO H3MiBeHa. Tam. Bcraoe AOAsnocTHoe Anno, He HCEAroiaa npe3HjenTa, mojkctt. nojBeprayTbca ofiBmieniw co CTopoHH nanaTU AenyTaTOBi, KOTopaa npejcTaBaaen. TaKoe ahuo cyjv aMepHBaHcEaro ceHaTa. Ce- HaTb. sBaaeTca bhcbihmt. cyje6HHM% yqpeai.ieiiieMx np Aisaany. noxa- THqecKHMT. h no o6BimeniHMb bt. npecTynjeHiaxi no aojjkbocth u bt. cyae6BOMBsaciAamH HaxoAHTca boat. npeAciAaieAbCTBOMb Bbicmalo 4>eAepaAi.Haro cynsH. OfiuKooBenmja npeAdjaieab ceHaTa ecTb bhpc- npeBHAeHTb CtB.-AMep. CoeAHHeroum IIItatobt., no AM BeAeHia cyAetf- nuxT, upeuia hoo6xoahmo jhho, 3Ha101u.ee saaoBU u opuBURBiee kt. cy- Ae6noft At.BTejbBocTH bt> ceHarf, khkobbimt. u aBAaexca Bticniifl .[>e- jepaxbnufi cyAba. AxepHKaHCKifi nopaAom hm'Loti, to cymecTBeHHoe SHaqeBie, mto oet. upeAiiojaraeTT. oTA&ieaie aonpoca noABTnuecnaro ora oCuKHOBennaco yroxoBBaro Bonpoca. Boupoub DoAHTHuecBiH co- CTOHT1 BT. TOUT.. HaCKOAbEO AHHO, oOmiUCUHOC BT. TaKHXb TO 3JOVDO- TpefijeHiaxT, bo aoakbocth, aoaen. ocTaBaTbca na cayatCi a bt. npaB'fc Boo6me aaHHMaTb aoasuiocth. Bonpocb yroAOBHufi 3aujioiaeTCfl bt. tout., saEOMy aasa3aaiB aojsho nojBeprHyTBCfl .thuo, Bb AtaTeABHOCTa eo- Toparo 3aKJB)qaF0TCH npuauaKH yro-ioBBaro npecTynjeeia. 9th abI. oSabcth Becbuca totho dpobcachh bt. saaonaxb o cyAonponsBOACTsi Bb cesaTfe. CeHaTT., oGbhhhh mhhhctpobx, iioaerb bt. Kpafliiem CAyaai nparoBopHTb HIT. toabko kt. cMimeniio ct> aojijkhocth h sanpeTHTb BnpeAb saHMMaTb KaKy» ah6o aoashoctb, Tpe6yB3myio oOmecTBeauaro Aonf.pia. 3thxb upuroBoposib noAHTHiecitaa OTB'feTCTBeHHOCTb y.imue- TBopena, u poAbcenaTaOEauiHBaeTca. Ec.ih bt. AtaTeabnocTH MmmcTpa hah npe3UAeaTa saEJioqaioTca npHSHanH yroAOBHaro npecTynxeuia, to CBHaTT. A'tAaeTT. nocrauoBAeiiie o uepeAaui A't-ia bt. (feAepaAbHuB cyAi, T.-e. BBCmyB HHCTaimiD oGuKHOBeHHHXb aMcpHKHHcKHXb cyAOBb. CeHaTb, TaKHHT. o6pa3om, AHmaerb cefia upaBa moctm, opvAieMT. eo- Topofl oht, Aerso Morb 6u CA^xaTbca, ecAH6u eay npcAOCTaBAcaa 6uAa yroAOBHO-EapaTeAbHaa baectb. 9tu ABi CTpaHHDpeACTEBJiaiOTb H8BiCTH0e CXOACTBOEEKb Bb OTHO- neuiH nopaAKa BO30yxAeHia iipec-it.ioBaeiji, Tasb h Bb OTudmeaia cauaro cyAHAama. Bb Ahtaih tekobumt. aBAaeTca doahthtcckoo yqpe- atAeaie — ua.iaia AopAOBb, Bb AMepHKi— Toate noAHTHiecKoe yqpe- ZAenie— ceHatb. IV. Ha EOHTHHeHTi Espoou o3HaqoHBue soupocu He Moryrb 6uTb paspbmaeMU na ocHOsanin npeneAemoBb, xaEb Ea»b bc4 KOHCTHTy-
— 501 — uioHHijji yqpejKjxcHia hobh. Pajoirt cl KOHCTHTynioHHUMHyqpeacjeuijiMH AOAJKHU fiUAH ABHTbCA 3RK0HU O MHlIHCTOpCKOH OTBltTCTBCHIIOCTB, qTO, OAHaKO, He 03Haqaei\"B, qTO OHH J-f)flCTBHTeAt,I10 B63a4 SBHAHCL. B t IIpycciH, xora h ofiimant no ct. 61 KOHCTHTyum 3aKont o MHHHCTepCKiifi OTBltTCTBeBOOCTH, HO TUKOrO 3BK0HaJO CHXt nopt HiTB. Bo <i>paiiuia 25 (JjeBpajia 1875 roja nocTaBOBJieao, bto mhhhctpu otb4t- CTBOHHH CO-lHjapHO 3a 0(5irt,i8 SOJI* nOJHTHEH H HHJHBHjyaJIbHO HO CBoefi qacTH,— ho h d>paania ao caxt nopt oSxojhtch 6est oiioitiaAb- Haro saaona o ManacTepctcofi otbIitctuohhocth. B t aftEOTopuxt rpcy- japcTRaxx hm4b>tca Kant KOHCTHTynioHHUH nocTaaoBjeHin, Taxi, a cneii.ia.ir,iiue 3aaoHU o MattacTepcKofl OTBiTCTBeHHOCTH. Cioja othcchtch: 1) aBCTpiftcKifi 3aEiHt 25 iiwra 1867 roAa o nanacTepcKofl otb4t- CTB6HHOCTH, 2) 3aK0Ht pyMUHcKifi 2 Maa 1879 roja, 3) rpeqecKiB sasoat 22 jetcaCpa 1876 roja, 4) nocraHOB.ienia uiBejcEoS kohcth- xypia h KOHCTHTynia HopBeatCKoit KacaxeALHO MHHacTepcKofi otb4t- TaKOBU rjtaBHue aaaoHu, KoTnpuMa onpejiaatoTca East npejaert MHHacTepcKofi OTBiTCTBeimocTH, Taut a nopajoKT, B036yxjeBia ea a aopHAOKi, oOcyKjenia othochhihxch cioja j4 jt. Ilepexoja s i pa3- CHOTphniio 3THXT, Boapocost, Hu. npeacAC Bcero, pa-icMorpaMt: 1) Katct noofime Moacei'x 5utb ODpeji-icnq, Boitpoct o mmnacrepcitofi otb4t- CTBeHHOCTH, T.-e. KaKia jtftcTBia Bjeayn, ee 3a coCoro: t4 ah toabko, KOTOPHH MHHHCTpt, COBepitlaeTT. 86 CUAtf CBOeB AO.IBtHOCTH, HAH THKHte Bet t4 npocTyuKH, KOTopue 0H'l coBeptnaeit 86 Crnmnocmb cboid muiih- CTpoirt? 2) Ecah mbiihctp'l npaqanHTt rocyAapcTBy Bpejt, yfiuTsa a t. n., to Haiti, eyAHTB ero, Kant MHHHCTpa hah East qacTttaro qeao- Bfeita? 3) Hattonem,, aaaie cyjt.a KOMncxenTHU Bt otomt, cxyqa4? JlOJSBU AH CyjHTB JIHHHCTpOBt Bopxnia na.tHTU, ceHaTi,, hah xoth Bucmia, no o6t»iH cyji, kekx bt, iie.it,rirt, hah ate Taaie cyju aoashh 6utl o6pa30Banu ad hoc? y. IIpH pa3CH0Tp4Hilt 3aKOaOBT, 0 MHHHCTepcKOfi OTBj&TCTBeHHOCTH, npeacje Rcero. c.r6jyen. o6paTHTt RHHuaHie Ha oapej’fejeHie bobojobt, El 03Haq6HH08 OTB'fnCTBeHHOCTU, KOTopue HBAHBTCH OCHOBaaieMI. aAH BOsOyatjenin oOBHHema upoTHBt MHHHCTpa. Ucho, hto DOBOAaMH kt, OTBtTCTBeHHOCTH MHHHCTpOBt AOAJKHU HBAHTiCH Tallin HX1> jiaHia, EOTopun coBepiuatoTca hmu npH OTnpaBAOHia MtiHitcTepcKaxt ofiasaa- HOCTefl, T.-e. npecTyaaeBia no joajkhocth MHHHCTpa b i co6ctb6hhomi, cmuca4 BToro CAOBa. OupeA^JOBin TaKaxt npecTyn.ieniit mu BCTptiaeMx, npeacAe Bcero, bj, aBCTpificKOrft sa/ioai 1867 roAa. Bt cHjy ctbtbh 3 SToro saEOHa O MHHHCTepCEoS OTB^TCTBeHHOCTH, MHHHCTpU OTBiiatOTt: 1) 8a atCTU, acxoAHtpie OTt opabatoabctBa, hmh npacoBtrauaue hah KOHTpacarHO-
— 502 — BanHue; 2) cBepxB' o6ihhxb aKTORt, hcxoabihuxb otb hmchh Bcero upaRUTexLCTBa, mhhhctpu uoryn 6htl npHRieienu kb otb* tctbch- HOCTH 3a Mipbl, HCIOXHffiifl OTB HHXT., BB Upei^UOXB HXB BdlAOMCTBB, totho thkb ate, khkb h 3) sa coj-IiScTBie hxh nocofiHHTOCTBO Apyroay MHimcTpy bb ero npoTHBoaaKOHHHXB pacnopaatoHiuxB. Anna, saHHHaio- mia caMOCToaTeatHun ^oaatHOCTH h He npHHajaeatarpia kb THc.iy mh- HMCTpOBB, HOaaeataTBOAHHBKOBOBCBHHMHOTB'fcTCTlieHHOCTU. Cb aHaaO- rHthumb nocTanoBaeniKMH BCTpiaaeitcH h bb BeHrepcROMB aaKOHoja- TeaBCTBi. 3axoHB o6b otb^tctbchhocth hhhhctpobb bb Bempta 6u.ib H3A8HB BB 1848 r., HO, TKKB KaitB itflCTBie BeHl'epCBOfl KOHCTHTJuiB 6uao npiocranoBaeno cofihiriiiMH BenrepcKofi peuo.iKmiH, to B03cia- HOBaeHie chah stotosaKOHa othochtch kb 1867 roa,y h ho HacTomnaro BpCMCHU 0HB BB-iaeTCH TltfiOTByiOlHBHB. llOBHJU KB HpHBjeTeHilO KB OTBtbTCTBeHHOCTH MHHHCTpOBB IiepeiHCAfllOTCH BB CTKTbdi 32 oxoro 3a- kohb. Mhhhctpb otb$tctbchhm: 1) sa Bcaaoe Af*ftcTBie (Handlung) h pacnopaatenie (Verordnung), KOTopoe BapymaeTB ncaaiiHciixocTb CTpaas, rapaBTiH kohcthtviuh, nocTaHOBaeaia 38kohobb, JiHTHyo CBo6oxy h ae- npHKOCHOBBHHOcTbcoficTBeHHoCTH; 2) sa 3.ioynoTpe6xeHifl no ynpasaenio BB^peHKUXBHMBKBSeBRUXBHJiymecTBBH, CAdiAOBaTOJIbHO, 3apaCTpaTy HOpyTOHlIHXB HMB genera H.IH ApVTHXB KSSeHHUXB IipejMCTOBB; 3) 38 sci HeHcnoaHeeia saKOHOBB, KacaioiUHXca HOAAepataHin oCmaro nopanaa h cnoKofiCTBia, h HenpHUHTit M'lipB, KOTopua bb cnxy hxb aojjkhocth hhb noofixoAHMo 6ujo npuuaTb a-ih noitepsaHia »Toro nopa.iKa. XaKHMB 06pa30MB, U080A8MH KB MIIHHCTCpCKOfi OTB'bTCTBeilHOCTH asaaiOTca hah 3aoynorpe6.ieHie MHHHCTepcKoio BAacTbn, h.ih Hcfipeate- Hie e », CesxtflcTBie. rpeaecKiS saKOBB 22 Aexafipfl 1876 roga eme noxpoCnhe oCoaHasaen. sto. Ho aToay saxony hoboaomb kb otbIit- CTBeBHOCTH MHHHCTpa HBAHOTCH 1) KOHTpaCHrHOBaHHOe HMB KOpOAeBCROO pacnopaaeHie, opoTHBoptaamee KOHCTuTyniuh.ih saKoiiauB; 2) nciio.iHenie pacnopaxeHia, He cxpinAeHHaro KOnneTeHTBHMB mhhuctpohb, ao b4- AOMCTBa KOToparo othochtch ato xi,io; 3) caMocroaTeabRoe hsahhio npoTHBosaKOHHaro pacnopaseHia hah npusa3aBie Hcno.iHHTb TasOBoe; 4) HeHcno.menie TpefioBanifl KOHCTHTyniH h pacnopaateniS, HSAaHHUXB cb HOAHHcaHieHB Bcero MHHHCTepcTBa. Bb sthxb OTHomeBiaxB rpeae- CKiS 38K0HB yCTaHOBJlHCTB T* ate KaTeropiH, KaKB aBCTpiSCKifl H BeH- repcKiS. Ho, cnepxB toto, rpenecKifl 3rkohb yKasuBaeTB em,e a Ha Apyria KaTeropiH: noAiiHcanie aKTa, oSnapoAHRaemaro kbkb 88kohb, xoth h He no-iyTOBHiaro cor.iacia naxaTB. Cio.ia ate othochtch totb cayaaS, Korga mhhhctpu coBepmaioTB apn oTnpan.iemH cbohxb ofiasaH- HOCTefl AiflcTBia, noAxeatamia B3ucnaniio bb yroxoBBOHB nopsAKi hah npHTHHatoTB speAB h y6biTKH rocyAapcTBy cbohmb o6pa30MB Aiftcraii. AuajorHTHUa KaxeropiH BCTpb'iaeMB h bb oocTaHOBAeHiaxB pyaua-
— 503 — cr&Po aasoira 2 nan 1879 ro.ua. IhicTwioiijeiim ora pe^aKTupoBanu m T8K0M1 BHAi, HTO KaiKSO0. KftTfrOpiU npeCTynHUXT) jtfteTBifl COOT- BiTCTByen u onpeAtjeHnaa Mipa HaaasaHia, Hajaraeaaro 3a hhxt,, h, bm£ct£ c i T-fexi, npecTynjema. botojihb noryn, 6uti, cOKepmenu mh- HHCTpaMH, itjiaccii‘|)auaprmrcn no M'hp’fe naKasania, KOTopoe Mosen, Outi najOKeno Ha hhxt, cyxoMt. Bet nocTHHoiueiria cyAefinaro- no- Aeaca Kacare-ibBo npecTynaeni# no aojhehocth npHatuaroTca h k i MHHHCTpam. Ho, CBepxi ioro, cuepiajbHO nojBepraiDTca saK.iioqeBiio hjh aanpemeHiio aamnraTi. o6niecTBeHHtia aojkhocth h i Teierne mi nimum 3 -x t j i n , h maximum— noacHSHeaHo: a) mhhhctph, nojnncamrrie ACKpen a H3jaBinie pacnopaxeHia npoTHB03asoBno; 6) mhhhktpu, eo- Topue HaMipenno h.ih ofiMaaouT. fiyxyn ctpohhtbcb hocirpenrTeutonart, ciioOo.i'i.BHfioponx. Saupenteaiio 3annMaTi. jo.ishocth b i Teuenie Tpexi ■rin h fiojie noABepranTcii: b) mhhhctph, noAUHcasinie ACKpeTi npo- THB03aK0HHuS h HauipcHHo BBOAHBmie b i 3a6jy*AeHie naja™ xaca- TeJbHO nojoateHia CTpaHU. r) ICpoMi Toro mhhhctph, npHBHHHBnrie Marepia.ii.iihtii Bpext rocyxapcTny hoahhhhiotch oTBiTCTBeHHOc™ bt, rpaacAaBCEOMi nopajKi—Bosnarpaacjeuiio sa Bpcji u yCurKH. TaKHid- o6pasoMi, rpamjaHCKaa oTBiTCTBeHhoctb OTxijaeTca o n yrojOBHofi. UpHBHHeuie npeja h y6uTKOBT> rocvxapcTny qpesycMaTpHBaeTca ocofio h aBCTpificKHin h pyuHHCKHMi 3aKOROAaTeJBCTBaun. llo aBCTpittcKOMy saKonoAaTejBCTBV npec.itxoiiaHie mhhhctpobi, upuhhhhhjuhx’i, BpexT, h yfiHTKH rocyxapcTBy, Moo/cemi Oijti, (do pyMuncaoMy Ooaokho 6ejtb) BiHHaeMO (repeat oSihhhh cyjaMH rocyjapcTBa 6e3i ycTanoB.ieHia_ KaaiixT, jh6o ocofiuxi, cneniajBHUXi cvjobi. HesaBHCHMO o n aToro, saKOHH ascTpiflcKifi h pyMuiicKift, Tam, ate Earn, H rpeiecKifl. oupe- AixaiOTi,. <rro npecTynnenia, coBepmenaua MHHHCTpoMi bhIi OTnpa- BjeHia hmt, coohxt, cjyatefiHuxi, o6a3aHHocxeft, npecjiixy*>Tca cyjeii- HHM, iHOpaAKOMl, HO JJH 9TOTO lipeCJlinOBaHifl BOpyMHDCKOMV 3aKOHy TpeSyeTca npeABapHTCJtHoe coraacie cenara hjb naaaTU xenyTaTOBi, CMOTpa no TOMy, kb Kaaofi hbt, naaan npHHa.weaiHn mhhhctpt,, npo- thbi KOToparo B086y*aaeTca oCBHugHie. Ec.ih * e mhhhctpt. He npa- HajaeacHn hh e i ceRaTy, hh kt, na.iarli xenyTaxoBi, to Btifiopi npo- hbboahtch ajbTepHaTHBHo. cooCpaaHO ateaaHin Jinna, BoafiyAHBmaro ofiBHnonie. CBepxi Toro, naaaTH ho coficTseHHOit HHHuiaTHBi noryn npeiWTb cyxy MHHHcrpa, no,iaBDiaro ki arouy nocraToamie hoboah. VI. OcTaHOBHMca Tenept Ha Bonpoci: npeji khkhmi cyjOMi, h bb KaKOMT, nOpjIAEt MHHHCTpU OTBiTCTBeHBU H BT, KBEOMT, HOpaAEt, B03- fiyatxaeTca hpothbt, hhxb ofiBHHeHie. Bonpoci. o tomb, Baicony cyAy HOAJeKaTS MHHHCTpU paSpilBaeTCH TpOflKHMT. OfipaaOMB BT, HOJOaCH- TeabHuxi sasoHoxaTeakCTBaxi. 1. Bj. Anraiii ycTanoBHaocB upamt.io. ito impeachment'u B036y-
— 504 — zjaeMue HHitHcu na.iaxow, pascuaTpHsaioTca at uaAarfc -lopioin,,' no- ao6ho tomj, nasx bx AvepuEi impeachment’)*, ncxoAamie ora ua-iam AenyraTOBX, pa3CMaTpnaa83Tca aMepaKaucKiurt ceHaTonx. Bra aacToamee Bpeiia to z e mu bhahmx h bo ’I'paHnia. Bo BC'hxx bthxx rocyjap- ctbexx cyibeii mhhhctpobx no npecTynAeniasix no aoazhocth aB-meTca nepaaa, T.-e. BepXHaana-iaxa. UpoTHBX Taaoro nopa^aa T-iiMX ne neHte mozho upuBecTH BectMa lrfccKia cooOpaseaia. Buojh-6 uormtro, mto w « HOAHOft OUtBKH AtaTe-IBHOCTH MHUHCTpa IjeofixOAHMO 3H3K0MCTB0 CX cauon oOuTanonKoio ero .vtOcTiiiB, aa aoTopua ohx npe^am. cyjiy. He- OfiXOAHMO 3HBTB nO.IHTHieCKie MOTHBH BTHXX A£ftCTni6, HOfiyflHBIHHXX naaaTy upHBxeiB ero ax. OTBiTCTBeHHocTH. Hsx aToro, oAaaito, em,e ne (urfcAyera, ttoCu cyst AOAzenx 6hti. npexocTaB.ienx ceHaiy nan nep- aofi na.iarfc. llepnaa najaxa KHBeu tbeiimh ze noAHTHiecKHMa CTpa- cTaiiu, Kaat a imzHaa. CxtiAOBaTeAi.no, 1) cjxh Haax MnnocTpann, ot- npaBjaeMufl tskiixt thcto nojHTH'iecKHMi yapesAeHieira, Kaax sepx- Haa naaara, 6yAera antra xapaKTepx nOJHTH'iecnaro opvjia, a He cpeACTBa aah OTapanaenia npaBocyjia, a 2) bx btomx CHUCJi BepXHaa •naxaTa auntea cyabeio bx CBoeux coficTBenaoMX Af>x1s, ito, EOHewo, upoTHBopt.'iHTx ochobhhmx Hanaxaiix yroaoBHaro npaBa a cyaonpoas- BOACTBa. Cx apyrofi CTOpoHu, impeachment’)*, B036y»aaeMue hhkhcbo naxaTow, Horyra Tepotra Kpymeme bx Bepxnefi naxaih He no csoefi HeocHonare.ihHocTH, ho BcxiiACTBie pas-main yfriasaeHiS o6taxx naxara. Ecxa aaace oGBHHBHie, B036y»aeHBoe nazHeio naxaToio, ocnooaiio Ha hchuxx h TBepauxx AOKasaTeabCTBaxx, Bee TaKH no noAHTHiecEHnx cooCpaxeuiaMX BepxHHH naxara xcrxo xozera hah cbcctl ero hh Ha hto hah aaze nosce OTBeprHyTb. 3to h CAynaxocb bx AHrxia bx 3Ha- NeHHTOHx npoaecct racraarca, Koropufl 6uax uoaAepzaHx Sojbibhh- ctbomx eepxHefl na.taTU h 6hax onpaBA&HX. TaanMx oOpaaoMx, BOSBe- aeaie bx npHHnHax npaBHAa, hto cyaiesa mhhhctpobx, upeaasaeHuxx cyay, hbahotch Bepxaaa uaxaia, upejcTaB.iaeTca Beci.ua onacHMMx. Bx AHrAiH bto npaBHio Bupa6oTa.iocL iiCTopaaecKH. BepXHaa naxaTa 3A'6cb HMtera siianeHie Bucmaro cynaxHina. Eme bx iteoAaJbBua Hop- MaiiHCEia BpeHeaa tenentes in capita, Baccaxu npH3uoajHct aah orapa- BAenin cyAefiHuxx xtxx cobm-Sctho cx Bopoxeux. Ho ecAH BepXHaa naAara HCTopHiecsBax nyxeux npioGpixa Tasoe 3HaneHie, to arora npHcnmix ae Hozera Cutb nepeHeceHX Ha Apyria rocyAapcTBa, teex ksex aa eohthhbht^ Esponu h bx AHepast 3Ha- qeme BepxHHix naAara ne TanoBo, «aax bx Ahtaih. AMepmancKoe 3aE0H0AaT6ABCTB0 H0CTaH0BAH6TX, HTO CyZAeHie ceHETE M0Z6TX KS- CaThCH TOABEO UOAHTHieCKOS CTOpOHM upeAMCTa H npHH^HeHia TOABKO AHcnHiiAHHapauxx HaKa3aHi8, a He oSiuhxx. 2. ITepeSAeax TenepL ko BTopoS cacTeMi—CHCTexi npe.ianiahhhh-
— 505 — ci'poB'L o6meMj cysy. Taicx Kanx mhuuctpu, no saHHMaenofi hmh Sosshocth, npeatse Bcero, bfujifotch opranaMH liucmefi HonojHHTe.ii.Hofi HjacTH, to H cysx, kotopom; ohh ao.is h m 6fjtf, npeianu, iepapxniecKH josaieiix aauHMari. iiucmee nosoaceHie bx rocysapcTBi. IIpannio, Ha kotopomx ooHOBana 9Ta CHCTeMa, coctohtx bx tomx, hto hhhhctpobx uanpejanTx cysy bhchi&i-o cyja bx rocysapcist. Bx EesbriK h PyxuHiH BCTp-feqaeMX npHM-finonie btoto iipamua; Taitx, no ct. 90 tfestrifi- cnofi KOHcTHTyniH MHHHCTpu mpesa hitch cysy nepxoBnaro KaccanionBaro cyja. Bx uoabsy btoto npanH.ia uo» ho npuBecTH HtCKO.itno soboaobx. OinpaiuioHie cyja Hajx xanncTpaxH BucmHux cy.jefinuKX yqpesjcHieMx npejCTaBjueTx HaiitcTHun rapaiiTiH bx OTHomeHin cysouponaBoscrBa n npaBHJibRocTH pfcaienia. Kaccanionnufl cysx coctohtx H3x jh h x HeaaBH- chmfjxx no cBoesiy nosoateniio HenpHiacTnuxx kx nosHTHHecKHMx nap- ti'hhx, npeoC-ia;iaK>mnMT, bx saHnyn MBByry bx naaaTaxx. Hax ahux Cojiie Him mchIic ocnoBaTe.ii.no snaKOMuxx cx nana.iawH yrojOBHaro npaBocy.xin h nponeccya.jF.HHMH 4>opxaun. Cx Biot croponu cysx upes- CTaBMeTX Bet rapaHTin h (SesnpHCTpacTia, a HesaBBCHHocTH. Ho, BpoM-Ii bthxx BHrojx, moatho yKaaaTL h Ha cymecTBeHHua HeBuroAU Tanoro cysa. 3ra CHCTexa nocTpoesa Ha H aiasaxx, siaMeTpa-ibno npoTiiBono- xoatHiixx nepiiofl cHCTeMt. Ec.ih tbmx mobibo onacaTF.cn npeo6jajaHin nOSHTHieCKHXX B-liBHifi, TO, CX jpyroft CTOpOHU, BepXOZIHUfi cysx, B3r.iHju aoToparo onpeaioraroTCH HopMaMH stitmyDmaro npaBa, koto- paro MipoBosspiiHio thcto cyseficKoe, pli.xao bx coctobhi'h oic&hhtx noxHTHnecKyio oOcTaBOBny, nosHTHiecKoe aHaienie ROstiyacseHHaro npo- neccfim h CTpaHu. H, BcstsCTBie btoto, on-JiHaeaB stHTesbHOCTb hhhh ctpobx cx hhcto cysefiHO-yro.ioBHO0 CToponu, cysx upiiseTx kx pinie- HinMX. nacTO Becbua BpejHUMX cx toikh aptnia rocyjapcTBOHHUxx BHrepecoBx. Mu He MoateMx cocsaTbca Ha ipaKTU bx jannoHX csyiat, Taax Ftanx bx Bejarin so chxx nopx enje He 6uso cjiyqaeBX npe- saHia hhhhctpobx KaccanionHOHy cysy. Bo BcnnoHx csyqat, btb CHCTena bx spyraxx rocysapcTBaxx Morjia 6u Ian, HeBurosnue pe3y.itTaTu. JIpH cyst HHHHCTPOBX HeofixOSHHO HmI.TZ, BX BHSy He TOJIbKO <J>op- Ma.ihHoe HapymeHie npaBa, no a nosHTHtecKie jfotubu, rotopumu ohh pyKOBOSCTBOBasHCb, yc.ioBia, npn KOTopuxx stficTBOBasn. A npH no- soohoil CHCTeMt cysx, no 6o.ii.rae0 nacTH, cx stoS cTripoiiu CeacH-ieax. M bx AKepHRt. 3th sBa paajiHnauxx BOBsptHia pa3staeHu: nosHTHne- CKiS cysx ocTaeTca 3a ceHaTOMX, a sa HapymeHie yro.ioBHaro 3aitoiia ceHaTx, nocTaHOBHBX CBoft nparoBopx, npenposossaeTX stao bx (pe- sepa-itHbift BepxoBHun cysx. 3. HaKOHTHHeHTt Eiiponu iipeofisasaiomeio chctcmokf aBsacTca ynpe- itseHie oco6uxx rocysapcTBeHHUxx cysoBx s.ia mhhbctpobx, coBepmHB- hihxx upecTynaeHia no sosataocTH. yqpeatseaie ocofiuxx rocysapcTBen-
506 — hhx'b cyaoBi a m sToft a tJH , npeatae Bcero, BuroAHo bt tohi> otho- meain, n o BbcociaBb STHib cyAOBb Moryn, bxoahtb h bxoabtt. npea- CTBBMT6AHKaxb cyAe6Haro BliAOBCTsa, TaK'h a nojaruiecKaro BjeueBTa, HaanaqaeMtie hah BuOnpaoHuc naaaTOB ad hoc. 8 th nocTaROBAeHiH BoenpoHBBeAOHH, no 6oai.me(l qacTH, Bb H%MenKnxb saBOHOAaTe.ibCTBaxb. BaKOBH 3aK0H0jaTexi.CTBa: aBCTpiitcKoe, cascOHcKoe, 6payHBiBefircBoe, OAbAOHfiyprcKoe. IliKOTopua HiaenKia rocy.iapoita rocuphhh.th fieARrificBVio chctrhv. OpyccKoe 3aKOHOAaTe.u,cTBO aocTaaoBaaerb, bto mhhuctph djxjrb cy- ahmu BucniiiMT. cyAOMi. rocyflapCTBa (Oberjnstizstello). Ho, TaKt naitb BT, Ilpyccin H$Tb OTb1|TCTB0HHOCTH MHHHCTpOBb, TO TpyAHO CKa3aTr> BTO HufiyAB onpejtamioe o a’J’HTOjirhocth sthxt. cyAOBb. Bb ApyrHXT, rocyjapcTiiaxx Tasse HCTpiaaeMb yqpea>A6Hie Bucmaro rocyAapcTBOHaaro cyAa, Hanpaulipb bt. 1'peniii h BeHrpia. Ho Bee TaKBauaeTCB sonpocb: Bast fiyAyrt o6paso8aou bth cjxa, nacKO.TbKO fiyAOPB cymecTBoHaTb paBHOBtcie Hexiy [ioahthbcckhuh h cyAefinuMH a.TeMeBTayn, hhckoabko bcS Menu aToro BepxOBHaro cyjii- .inma 6yAjrt npe.iCTaB.iaTi. pyqaTeabCTBO Bb Hesa^HCiiMOCTH h Geanpii- CTpadiH cbohx® pinreaie? yqpejKseaie uepxoBiiaro cyAa oinpasApHia npaBa cyAa HaA'L MHHHcrpaMH yate npiiM'Imajioci, bt> DlBenia h HopBeriii. Ho inBejcEofi BOHCTHTynin 1866 r. a HopBeracKofi 1814 l'oaa mu bhahmi, n o cjxb HaCiipaeTca ocofio, ad hoc, aah npoii3BOACTBa cyAa iiaAb MuimcTpaMu. UpHM'bp'B HopBeacitaro cTopTHura hhcboabko ae CBiiAiTCAbCTByoTb bt, no-ibsy TaKoro npiewa, noTOMy ?to cy.tb Bajb mhhhctp« mh 1884 soAa 6u.it, q-feab yroAHO— nojimiqecKOio cTpacTbro, MecT&n, bo HKitaRb He ompaBaemeub npaBocyAia. nocTUAHua AifiCTBia eropTHiira moxbo o6\"bacaHTb to-ibko cocTaaoMb Kepxoiinaro cy,ia. Bepxonnutl cyAb AO.ixein, cocToaTb H3i qjeHOBb Bucmaro nopBeatciiaro cyAa h Bctxb ueROBb .laxTimra, BTopofi HopBeatcEOfi un.iaTu. CBep.ipynT,, pyKOBOAHTexb bmx- uefi naaaTu HopsexcKaro cTopTHHra, pacuopaAnaca thrumt, o6p&30Xb, n o 1) nocpeACTBOMxoqeHbaobehi-oManeBpa RO-iHiecTBOnaenoBb Bucmaro cyAa fiu.io coapameHO: xsyxb qjieHOBb ycTpaHMjm, a 2) jaxTHim,, He wealie HCBycno noAo6paHHufl cTopTHnrnMb, BOTupoBajib bak® oahbt, qe- AOB'hKb. CyAb ai'OTb, HecMOTpa na cbob BBfinraioto EappHKarypROCTb, HMhAb oqem neqaabHua nocaiACTBia aah MiiHHCTepcTBa h Hopnerm. Bcji'hACTsie sroro, HacocTaBb Tasoro BepxoBBaro cyAa ao.ijbho6uti. o6pa- meao oqeHb cepbesHoe BBHMaHie saKOBOAaTeabCTBa. E cjh cyAb HaAb MHnucTpaMH He AoaxeHb 6utb npeAOCTaBAeHb hh Bepxaefl na-iart, he nocTOHHBOMy BepxoBHOMy cyAHAHmy, ecAH OHb AOAxeBb cocroaTb rob AHttb ne3aBHCHMHXb a OeanpHCTpacTBuxb—to HecoMHiuHO, bto nopar AOKb ero cocraBjesia aBAaeTca oahhmi, nab nepBuxb npeAHeTOBb, na
.07 — KOTopuxii aojixbo ocraiiOBHTBCH BHHMaHie 'SaxoHOgare.iH. Ct&tih -16 aBcxpiacsaro aaitona 1867 ro.ia rxacHTX, bto cyatgeme h ptmenie no oGBHHemHMX (iiber die Anklagen) mhhhctpobx coHepmaeTca bx ro- cygapcrBeHnoMX cygt (Staatsgerichtshof). Otott, Staatsgerichtshof, no- CTaHOBjuien. cTaTta 16, cocTaBxaeTcn CJiixyeHnnsix oGpaaoMx: Kaxgaa H3X o(5-fenxx uaxarx peflxcpa'ra (T.-e. naxaia genyTaTOBX h najiaia rocnogx) Ha.nia'iaiOTfc h.ih H36Hpamn, 12 He3aBHCHMtixx (unabhangjge) h snaKOMHxx cx sasoHaMH (gesetzkundige) rpasganx h3x 3e«iexi> rocy- gapcTBa, npegcTaiueBHuxx bx pefixcparb. 9th Staatsburgcr He aoxirhh npimagjeataTB hh kx ogaoft U3xabvxx naxaTx h aafiapaiOTca na 6xtex. Ht;lkx, Easgan naxaTa H30HpaeTx uyxeMi, TaflnoB nogaiH roxocoBX 12 xhhx hsx sexejb, npegcTaBxeHHWxx bx peBxcpaT*. UsOpaBHHe 'rasHHX DyTe.HTi vie hh nsfiHpaforx hsx caoefi cpegu npegrhgaTexH. IIpH upoHSBOgcTB'fe cyga Ha ocHOBaHiii npegocTanxeenaro upaua OTBOga moi'vt'b 6utl OTBegenu xuga hg CBuuie gucxa inecTii, ho cx tBux ycxoBieiix, hto6jj nocxt Tasoro OTBOga oCTanaxocb pasnoe hbcxo bu- fiopuuxx otx BepxneB h miathoft uaxaix. IIpegckgaTejB xakiko Moatcxx Otrcx OTnegeHx, ho cx rfcMx pasxHiieMx, ito gcxh nocjrk otbom ocm- BercJi Co.iie 12 .iHgx, h.iu hhbto ne 6ygerx OTBegenx. to bhcjo- 12 H3x 24 oupeg-bjaeicji xpetteux, a npegctgaTexB goxateHX 6btb bhobb HaSpaax. Bx BropTeM6eprt stotx rocygapcTBeimuft h.ih BepxoBHuA cygx cocTaBxaDTx: 1 ) opt‘3HgeHTx, RasHaiaeMufl sopoxenx hsx inc.ia bucihhxx cygeOHuxx goxxuoctruxx xh/jx, h 2) 12 cygeit, hsx roto- puxx ho.iobhhv HannaaaeTX KopojB hsx n.ieHOBX bhcuihxx cygefinuxx mBctx, a gpyryio noxoBHuy aa6HpaioTx ua.iiiTbi ojhobpomchho cx xh- naxn, soTopuH goxasHH ooggepatHBaTi. oftiiiiHenio bx rocygapcTBeH- HOMX cygt. Bx FpeiUH npegcigaTexeMX Tasoro cyga HBxaeTca npesHgeirrx apeooara (yapeatgeaiH. cooTBiTCTsycmaro bppxobhomv BaccauionHOHy cygy bx Bextriji), a qxeHaMH— 12 xhqx, H3(iHpaeMuxx no spefiir. H3x Bekxx hjiohobx apeoDara h H3X bc6xx ancxjiapionnuxx cygOBx. aChhcokx 3thxx ixeuoBX npenpoBosgaeTca bx najiaxy aepegx Haia-ioMX npogecca, upe3HgeHTX na-iara BUHHuaeTX atpefiiB, oiipegtaaninifi— KTO H3X -IHUX, 03HaieilBUXX BX CHHCK'fe, uoBgeTX BX COCTaBX BepXOB- aaro cygHgHiga. V II. IIopagoKX B03fiya«eHiH oCBHHeaia dpothbx mhhhctpobx, co-' BepmHBHiHxx npecTynjenia no gojatHOCTH npegcTaBXaeTX HtCKOJtKO cym.ecTHOHHi.ixx Bonpocosx. Bx A h m ih ycTanoBHJica totx nopngoitx, bto impeachment’H npenpoBOSganTca bx Bepxnun naxaTy. 9 to npaBaxo axteTx caxy h 3HaaeHie no toB npHHHHi, bto cygx Hagx MHOMCTpaMu OTiipaBXHeTca BepxHen naxaioio. H o bx rocygapcTBaxx, rgii gsyxx
cyjy. Cym
— 509 — aaa npoHSBOACTBa cjiACTBia Bx cyAeCHOMX nopajai, u no oKomaHin ero Ha3iiaqaB)Tca AenyxaTu ajib npoaBBOACTaa cyaa, raacaaro a ycTHaro. PimeHia cyAa BCTynaim. bx saxoHRyio caay h ho nojaeataTx ofiatajio- no cymecTBy, ho mokho asajOBarbCH aa HenpaBHAbHO npoasBe- ABBhoo CA^ACTBie, T.-c. Ha HapymeHie npamux cyAonpouSBOACTBa. Bx 9T0»x cayaai cjax, aafiAfl ata.io6y yBaatHTeAbHofi, npacTyuaeix aS bobom.v caiACTBiio h nepecxoTpy Atna. MHHHCTpa, npHrosopeunaro kx naxaaaHifO, uoAozeimoiiy bx aaxoHi, Kopoat He MozeTx noMHjOBan,— bx npoTHBHOMx CAyxai MBHucTepcsaa OTBiTCTBeHHOCTb cAiaaJiacb 6u <]>hkthbhok). Ho noxHAOBanie ocyzAOHHaro MHnucTpa Mozexx 6biTb ca*- AaHono opeACTaBjeniD cauaxx najaTx, eaa ont HafiAj'Tx cymecTBeft- niia XX TOMV OCHOBaHia. VIH. TaxoBii nocTanoBJenia 3axoHOAaTeAbcTBxOTiiocHTCAbHOnopaAxa , B036yatA6Hia MHHHCTepcxofi OTB-bTCTBeHHOCTH. Bx BixoTOpuxx rocy.iap- CTBaxx uoapoGhuxx uocTaaoBJenifi o6x btohx npeAMert hIitx—Banpa- aipx, no d>paHuia, xoTa KOHCTHTypionnaa atusni, bx Hefi pa3BHAacbpaste, Hezexa bx Apyraxx xoHTUHeaTaAbnbrxx rocyjiapcTBaxx Esponti. Bx xoncTHTyiiiM 1791 r. npaHnunx HUHHCTepcxofi OTBtxcTBennocTH fiu'jix BBeAenx. Ohb nocTaHOBAaexx, n o uhhhctpu oTBtTCTBenHXi sa Beanie npo- cxynxa (diilits) npoTHBx HanioHajibHofi. (ieaonacHociH n koucthtviuh, aa Bcaxoe uoxymenie Ha co6cTBeHHOCTb h AHinyio CBoCojy, 3a pacrpaTy ntn- HocTea h AOHeacuuxx cysiax, Ha3naienHfJxx an noxpuTie asAepzexx no HXX BiAOMCTBJ'. lIpHMtHOHUf HTOfi CTaTbH, 0AH8B0, He BOCUOCJfeAOBaAO. O KogCTHTym'H 1793 r. uosao h ho ynoMmiaxL. Taxx xaxx oHa HHKor^a ne Bciynaxa bx caay. KoncxaTyuia 1795 r. yipeAH.ia ocofiufi BMcmiBcyxx (haute cour de justice) aab cyzAenia no oSBHHeniaMX, npHHflTtiHx SaEOHOAaTeAbHbJMX KOpuytOMX ItBKX IipOTHBX CBOHXX C06cTBeHHHXX HjeHoBb, Taxx a npoi'HBX opraiiOBX acnoAHHTeAbHOfi babcth. Co BBexe- aiexx KOHCTHTynjonHaro ynpan.ienifl a nanepiK onitTCTBeuHocTt mhbk- ctpobx acuesAa BvtcTt cx ynpa3AR6Hieiix napjaaieHTCxaro yupaBAenix. Bonpocx o aanacTepcKofi OTBtTCTBeHHOCTH boshhxx BMtcTt cx B03- poajenieM'b napnaucHTcxaro ynpaBAenia, ButcTh cx xaprieio JIioao- Buxa XVIII, 1814 r. CraTta 55 a 56 BTOfi xapTia nocTaaoBAaiDTX, hto naASTa AerryTaTOBX umtexx npano oCbhhhtb mbhhctpobx a npenposo- »AaTb' 3TH ofiBanenia bx naAaTy napoBX, koto pan axx a cyA«TX. 3a4cs, TaKsiMx o6paao.wx, anr.tiScKifi npannanx BaxoAHTX ce6i npaatneBie. MHHacTpx mobcotx fiiiTb ocvbacux TO-ibxo aa rocyjapcTneimyio HSMtny HAH AHXOHHCTBO. ,OcoOue saEOHU OHpeA^ABTX npHDOAJ' UpOCTVnKOBX h nopBAOxx hxx npecAtAOBaHifl“. T bkhmx ofipasoMx. xapTia orpasHia- BaeTX npCAMOTbl MHHHCTepcxofi OTBtTCTBeilHOCTH TOAbKO TOCyAapCTBeH- HOH) H3M'tU0K> a AHXOUMCTBOKX. XapTlJI ofitn(aCTX TAKXe OCOfifJMH 3a- xonajia (des lois particulieres) onpeA’tAHTb npapoAy npociynxoBX a
— 510 — uopnjoKx hxx npec-rhAOBaHia, Hit Taitaxi. saEOBOBX HHKOrja He Bocno- cx-ixoBaxo. MmiBcrpu Kapjia X, mmoBnue bx HapymeHiHBOHCTHTynjH, aa ocnoBaHia mn,H -14 xapriH JIioaOBHKa XVIII 6u.ih cyxiimj a upu- rOBOpenu kt>oieHb crporHMX HaKasamHHt. (Ul-ia sauce pfiat o cKepT- hoB KaauH, ho toms CTopoHUHBatiH MimucTpoBx 6uax noaftyjKxenx bo- tipocx oSx yiipaiuiiciiia cMepmoft Ka3tia—irfccBO.jf.KO saxHHMx tocaomx, ito h BUBBaao cnpaitea-iHoym HacsriunKy co CTopontj BaaTopa 1’ioro). MwiUCTpbl ofiliUHflJtHIU, BX TOMX, TO) ll-IOVnOTpefi.TH.lll Il.iacTI.10 CXpt.XLp BCKaiiHTh llblSopU H OTHHTL y TpaHXaHX CB060AH0e BOXl>30BaHie rpa- jkxhhckhmh npanaMa, iiaca.ii.cTBeuno msmBbhjh 3anomj KopojoiiCTBa, iicTyna.ia bx saroBopu npoTHBX 5e30nacaocTH rocyxapcma, uuTa.iacF. noafiy.'iHTi, rpaacxaiicKyiD Boflay (iioxpaayatiiaRtTCH cxbhtkh sreajy ko- pojieBcKHMa BOftcKasia a napaKCKHMT) HacexeHieux). Ila.iaTa naponx npuroiiopiua TorxauiHMro nepBaro MHaactpa IIoxnHMiKa kx rpasxaH- cko8 CMcpra a xenopTaiun,- a Tpexx cxfcxyfomusx muhhctpobx kb no- »H3DeHHOMy TKtpeuHOMy safUH>3e&iD, 9to nepnufi h eAHHCTBCunuft xo cuxx uopx c.itiaft npHM'IiHeHiH cyxa Hajx MHHBCTpaMH bo <hpanain. KoncTHTyaia 1830 r. oTHOcHTe.ibBO otbIitctbohhoctii mhbhctpobx coxepacmi bx ' ceSfc pobho cto.ii.ko ate, ckoabko h xapTin 1814 r. llpoBxeux MO/nanieax h pecny6xHKagcKyio KOHcTmyniio 1848 roja, ynoMHHyux, ato ona ycTanoBH.ja aepxoBHUft rocyxapcTReHHUfl cyxx (haute cour de justice) jjrn upexueTOBX, uepexaBaesraxx emy Ha pas- CHOTpfcjiie•aaaioHajiHUMx co6pauiexx. Cyxy ero noaxeataTx m muhh- cTpu, h ape3BxeHTX pecny6.THBH, OTefcTCTiienuhie aa acasoe upaBirre.if.- CTseHHoe Atficmie. 9to nocTanoiueHie. OcTajocb vepTBOU Ovkboio, tukx kbkx, Koria upeaHjeiiTX pecnySxHKHHano.icoHXBoHaaapTX, bx xeaaSpfc 1851 rojta, conepuiBxx rocyxapcTBeaHufi nepeBOpoTX, h Haaiona.ii.noe coOpauie npMrxacwo coSpaTf.cn haute cour de justice noxx npexclxa- TexbCTBOxx AoneHa,—KOTopaa h coSpaxact,—to yipeaxcuie, xosaten- cTBOBasmee oSbubutb Ilano.ieoHa aa rocyAapcTBeHayio uaxfcHy, 6uxo pasornaao cujob. Taax itaux cMepTHas saaHb6bija OTM-linena bx 1848r., UanoxeoHX xoxateHx 6h Sun. npnroiiopeBX bx rpaauaticBOit CHcpru a xenopTauia, bo, osasaxocb, ohx canx, npoaaBexa rocyxapcTBeHauS nepeeopoTX, aoxseprox bthmx Basaaaniflax ixeaoBX HauioHaxbHaro coSpanin h haute cour de justice. ycTpaaBan apaBUTexLCTBO cooSpaano cbouux coScTBeasuiix uxaaaMx■h Bojap-haianx, Hauoxeoux, kobcbbo, nocxapajicH yaaiTOKaTb u rtai. aniHHCTepcB08 OTnhTCTBennocTU. Oux Hsxaxx aocTaBODxeeie, bto „npe3HxeBTx pecnySjiaKH OTB-liTCTBeueHX aepexx ijtpaHayacKoio Haaieio\". Ho totiocx se kx OTOMy npHSaBxeao: „itx Koropofi ohx HMieTx iipauo boctobhboaiie,i.iiiponaTb“, T.-e. npoaa- BOXBTb D-ieSacaBTU H, KOH01110, DOXX CHUBBhiMl. aXMHHHCTpaTBBBBMX U.lillHieMX. npa UOXO611OMX lIOpaxKl, MBBHCTPH crauftBBTcn opyxiaua
- 511 — HMnepai-opa a hcotb'Btctbgiidjj. CTaT&a 13 npasio roBopnrx: „« hbh- CTpu aauucaTT. otx HMuepaTopcEOg BAacTH\". 6HhJirluniiiii KOHCTUTyniOHnuft aaKOHX 16 inaa 1875 r. o x opraiiu- 8aniH rocyaapcTBeuHoS n.iacTH roeopHTx, too npe3HAOHTi pecnyfijKKH 6mojkotx Cute oOBHiienx na.mruio AenyTaTOBX a cj’ammx cenaTOMx. Ma- aacrpa Moryrx Out?, o bhmphm huscuoio naaaxoio, uanaToto AenyraTOBX, 12 63a upecTyu.ieaiji, concpiiiacMua no aoaxiioctb, m' be »tomx cayiaionn cyaarca ceuaToux (ct. ’ ). OraTta aaitoiia 25 tyeBpaaa 1875r. no- 6CTaaosaaeT'E, n o mhmucTpu oTB^TCTBeHpu cojiHjapHo sa oOmee' na- npaoJCHic rrpaBHTe.ibcTRehho uoamthkh b miAHBHAyajtHO 3a ynpaojeme aaatAufi cuoeio nacTbw. Ho oOinaro sasona oOx OTBiTCTseHnocTH uhhh- 6erpoBX ho b u iu .10, a iipaua uajaTti AenyTaTOBX be stomx omomeniu ochobhhh toabko Ha ciaTbaxx HasoHa 25 (JieepaAa a 12 3aEoua 16 irua 1875 r. Bx code penale hmIhotch .bx pannuxb oTAtaaxx nepeiac-ieuia 6npecTymeuifl no aoajkbocth, aacasimiaca, c-itjoBaTeAbHO, a unnacTepcEofi OTBiTCTBennocTH. Bx 1879 r. uaa c,vf,jiaim nonuTKa n p e ja ft cyjiy hhbh- .ciepcTBO 16 man 1877 r ., MHHHCTeporno, naBtcraoe hoax aboS h uu x Htie- hpm%: BpojhH-'I'vpTV (no hmohh raaBHbixx npeACTanflxe.iefl: lepuora BpoALH u •Pypry, oOHapy»HBiunxx Kpaiinia 6oHatmpTH3Mx nx ciiOHii yOiaAOiiiaxT, u A'kaHiaxx), u MnnnCTepcTBO. 23 uoafipa TOro ae roAa Pomfiya, npoAOjiataBinee AliareaLHocn, bx raKOHX «o Ayxf>. 8-ro Mapia 1879l'OAa, n oca t TOro, EaKX xapinaax MaKx-Maroux noxaax bx orcTiiBEy, Ha paaoMOTpftHie naxaTbi Ohax npoA-io*em nonpocx I'pesa: mohcho ah npcAarx-MHl/HcreiaiTBo cyjiy 3a rocyAapcTBBHay® hsm-Ihv h upecTyn.ienia 12no aoahchocth, npeAycMOrptHHaa BX CT. 8aKOBa 16 i»AH 1875 r. H BX ct. 105, 111 h ca^ a- code penale? 9 to npeAAOaceHie 6uno nepeAaHO bx EOHHHCciE), KOTopaa npeACTasnaa oBOfi aoeabax bx tomx cMuc.rt, too oaaaqennue mhhhctph aoxhchh 6xitl nperaiiu cyAy ceaaTa, h otx na.iaru AenyTaTOBX aoahwhj Ourx uaoHaneiibi 3 TAPHa aa« ao.uepacaHia oOBBHenia. 9totx a oeab ax KOMHucciH oOcyatAanca bx sacijaHiH 13 M apra,1879 r. Ilo BucAymaHiRT npesuAema HhiH-biuHefi (1884 r.) n a ja m AenyTaTOBX Bpuccona, yKa3HBaBinaro Ha TpyAHOCTb HaiiTH AOKa3aTeAbCTBa kx o6bh- Beuiio MHHHCTepcTBX BpoALK-‘I>ypTy h PomOya, ua.iara AeuyraTOBX orBepijia npeAAOaceHie 6oAbmuacTBOMX 317 npoTHflx 159' poaocobx. Ho OHa upHHHAa npeA-ioateHie AenyTara Pano o nepexoA'fi e x ordre dajour motivd, b x KoropoHX Ohao H3xar,HeHO, hto najara AenyTaTOBX, ne aejaa npecaiAOBaTb 6e3CHAbHUXx Bparosx, npeAaeix cyaneiiiFo nauia 3aKOHO- npoeKTx: ^paaoOAa'iHTb naanu h AiflcTBia MunucTepcTux 16 Haa h 23 HOaCpil k npHt'AaCHTb MHHHCTpa BHyTpeUHHXX AtAX 9Ty pesoaioniio Ha- neraTaTb u paaoo.iaTi, aah pacEAeflKH bo bcI xx i(ipaHny3CKHxx o6rnn- Haxx“ . TaEHMx o6pa30MX, Pawo HaoOptAX Mipy, kotopan He Hutna xapaarepa yrojoBHaro aaKasaiiia, ho cjcopic nyOAHTaaro nopHuaHia,
— 512 — npexaHia cyaweHiio bccS CTpanH jiScTBiS UMHHCTepcraa, aoTopoe, no y6iajteHi» naxaTH, ciijOBaao 6u npe*a« cyAy. ho soiopoe ne npe- AaeTca rauico BoiiACTBie Heaiejania npcu^osaTi. CescaibHaro upara. 69to npe^joaenie Ou.io npHHBTO o.iBraHnCT«OMt 240 tojocobbnpoTHBB 6154. HoaoChuxb npHM'ipoKB cb t4xb nopi bo ^paauiH He hxo. OTJLTaJtb CEZUbMOfi. $ p a H n y 3 C K a a KO H CTH Tyn;ia. IttABA I. y'/PEa^EHIE' TPETBBii PECIiyBXHBH. 6I. Huirtuniim ^paanyacBaa ,pecny xHKa, k&kb csasaHO Bane, octb TpeTBa no cieTy. Hamnaa cb 1789roja <ppaupia nepeaajiabSckoxbko cau u xi pa3Hoo6pa3HBix’E <f>opu£ npaa.ienifl. Iloc-rfc neyjaaBoB iiouutkh KOHCTHTynioiiHOit MOHapxia no KOHCTHTyniK 1791 'roia, DocaiiOBaxo npoBosrxamcHie pecnvfijHKii bb 1792 roiy h H3AaBie bb 1793 roxy kohcthtvi[iu, koto pan, o^hoko, ne fiuxa npiise^eHa bb ^t’SciBie. Bb 1795 rojy H3jaeTC» KOHCTBTynia,- Hocflinaa HasRanie dupexmopiamtou, TaKB kbkb HcnoaRUTeJiBRaa bjiactb fiujia finf,peiia ocoOony KOHiraeTy H3B xHpeKTopoBB. 3arkMB, cb naAenieuB 8Tofi pecny&iHKH BOSBHcHJiaci. eaHHoxHiHaa bxrctb nepBaro KOHcyja, Hano.ieona BOHanapia, c.iluaB- marocn BnocxiaoTBiH HMiiepaiopoMB(JipamiyaoBB. IIpH'nesiB bo<l>panuin 3yTBepa^aeTca hobuK thhb rocyaapeiBa, CBoeo5pa3naa ipopsia npaiue- nia—nnuepia.u HB. Cb naseme»B Hano.ieoHa I bo ‘S’panniii bboahtch MonapsuBecsifl ofipaaB npaB.ieaia; onaBCTynaeTB bb nepioiB KOHCTBTy- 6qioBHOfi noRapxiB cBaqa.ia,. cb 1814 no 1880 roflB, noAB jHHacTieio Eyp- ohobb, a sarfMB, et 1830 no 1848 toab, ooxb jHuacTieio Opxeaiiom,. PeBOJKinia 1848roja ocnoBa.ia BTopyiD pecnyOxaKv, npocymecTBOBanmyio 2 6He 6oxfee 4 xiTB. rocyjapcTBenHHfl ncpesopoTB -ro aeRa pa 1851 roja, npoH8BeA6HBHS HanoxeoHOUB BonanapTe, HncnpoBeprB 3iy pec- nyfixHKy, u BOSCTaHOBJOHHaa, takumb o6pa30HB, Hunepia cb Ilanoaeo- HOMB I II BO r-WB* DpocymecTBOBaaa ao 1870 roAa. Ho caiAjeiB npn BTOMB 3aMtTHTb, BTO yaie cb 1866 ro,w nojioatenie 9toS mmepin na- qnHaeTB HSMinaTtca. Ecjh ao 1866 toar OHa h ea yipexAenia yap-fi- n.iH.mcb h pasBHBa-mcB, to coChtw 1866 roAa BHee.iH ee na Apyryio
— 513 — jopory. Be 1866 ro*y pa3tirpiiBU0TCH aBCTpo-npyccKaa oofina; cx axoro ro^a uaqiiuaexcji BosBumeHio Dpyvcia .h o6pa30Banie ciinepo-rcpMaH- caaro coroan. Poab Haiiojeona III be coGnTiaxE stoS bohhu Gu.ia lie H3t xbxE, BoTopua npioGptTaroTX CHMoaTia naposa, ocoSeHHO TaKoro, khkt, ^panny.iu, * ih kotophxe Bociiuaa caaBa Bcer^a naiaa orpomioe suaaeHie. Meatay Tints, Hanoaeoux III, mie.ieHHuii be saO-iysaenie nontflmell nojHTUKoil BHCuapim, abjie CBoe corjacie aa pasrpoMx Abctpih, iioae yc.iOBiesix B03imrpa»A<!»iji $paiinin aa abBOMX Gepcry Peitna. Oahoko Bo.'iiiarpaiKjeiiio axo oicaaajioci, npH3paqHbinx, u ero no nooa'Iiflonajio. EflHHCTBeaHoe, qxo mote erne ca&mto Hanojeoux III, 3to BMim axica be BaKxioqeme «apa Mesajy bobdiuhmh AepasaiiauK n be ucporonopsi, Koxopue bcahci, caana-ia its Hiuto-ibcSypri, a nomas be nparb, OTaocHTeJEBO yqpeacAeaia ctuepo-repMaHCKaro coam , oxbb- THBmaro bc4 utMenKia 3eu.Ta, KpoM’Ji Ancxpia a roacHO-repMaHCKHXX rocyjapcTBi.. Tpe6oBaBie, npoACTaBacaiioe Hano.ieoHosix, 3aK.110qa.10cb be tome, mto roaao-repMaocKia rocyjapcxBa ao.ijkhu 6uti. oTAi-JCHU pbKoro Maiihe o n cbBepa I'epuaHia, u htooTAt.ieHHOMy, thkhme o<5pa- 30me, rory repsiaHiii CyAexx npeAOcran.Teno npaBo coctobiite cnofl corosx n nupaGoTuTL a.m nero oprann3aniro, Kaisaa 3a6,iaropa3cyjHTca. 3thme BMiuiaxeabCTBOME HanoaeoHy III, caiiAouaTCjibuo, y^axoct tojieko lit- ckojieko ocTanoBHTb ycnbxH PepuaniH a xisix rapaiiTHpoBaxi. oTqacTU •bpauqiro; ho AaTb oB no.-rayio 6e3onacHOCTi, ote Cy,ayu;nxE noKymeiiift co CTopouu 1'epMaiiiH nooGiue a Upyccia be ocoGemiocTH HsrnepaTopx yarn ho Mon>, take KaKE nponycTHjrx. a jm roro yaoSnoe Bpeaa. PesyjbTaxbi Bcero btoto BHyxpii ‘1’paimin ofinapyatMiici, BCKopb: npecTMisE aanepin, 3HaqnTe-ibH0 noiuaxnyBuiiflca nocah HeyaaiB as- BtcTHoa MeKciiKaHCKofi sEcoejHaia u eme 6oaie noc.ii HOBaro uoao- scBia, BOTopoe 3aH»ja TepHaHia, He mote yxe caepatHBaTb npnanH- niaabuuxE BparoBE aanepiu, KOTopbie ao Toro Guam npaBeaeabi be 6e3abflcTBie u aa se be siojqauie. Onuosaqia pocaa KaKE be saKORO- aaTeabiioME Kopnyci, thus h cpeqn aaceaenia, be ocoGchhocth cpejii nace.ieuia ropoAa Ilapaata. Hauoaeony be bthxe o6cToaTe.ibcxBaxE UpHXOAHJlOCb Bbl6npaTb OAHHE H8E AByXE BOSMOJBHHXE AAll Hero Byiefl: hjiu iiOAHJiTi, noaHTHqecKifl npecTHKE <I>paimiu uyxeMX opyatia a iioeii- nofi CAttUM, HAM OTCTynHTbCH OTE npeRtHHXX CBOHXE DO-TIIOMOTifi, KaKE HunepaTopa, h npeoGpa30BaTb oGpasx upaB.ienia be KOHCTHTyiiioiihome Ayxb. 1867 rOAE Cmjie nocabAHUHE adome fi.iecKa HMDepiH, BUCTynHB- maro uo uoBo.iy BceMipHoa bucthbeh. Ce stoto toa& omio3Hnja ata- cTByoTE hoctobhho h ycn.ieHHO, h upaBHTCJbCTBo BCTpbqaeTca ce peBO- .lioiuoniiuMH a.ieMeHTUMH h peiio.ironioHHOii aniTaiLie.io, TaKE bto ce btoto BpeMeHH noHajotjB.mcb h naqajHCL ycTynsu upanHTeJihcTBaxufie- paabnoA mipTin: BBaancb noBue saKOHbi othochtc.h.ho cxoaoke. otho-
>14 — CHTe^LHo neiaTH, 6hbivei ao roro boai AiScTBiem AeKpexa 1851 roAa, iiOA^HHHBinaro ee aARKHHCTpaTHBHoft bj&cth h ajMHHHCTpaT«Biiony 6ycMOTpiBiu. Bi 1869 roAy HMnepaTopi, naKOHeiji, AOJiaceai bm 3 8nepeftTH k i KOHCTHTynioHHoS $opn% npanjicaia, T.-e. npeo6pa30BaTb it aKOHOAaTe.iE.Hu sopnyci, h coh&t i, a HHHHCTepcTRO Ha HanaJiaxT. nap.iaMeHTCKaro ynpaBJieHix. Ho TaKi Kara rjaBHtiimiii nocTanoBJBHia 3 1h nynKTti, onpeAtaasinie npaBa Hcno.jnHTe.ii.Hoft B.jacTH a r.iasu rocy- AapcTBa, a paBHO nnoaoxeaie aEOHo.TaTejr.HUXT. ynpeaf.ieHia r mhhh- CTepcTBa, yTBepiKjeHii fiu.iH nHedecRHTOHi. 1851 l'OAa, to h Tenept, Korxa saAyauBaJiocb npoH.'iBecTii nepeiriHU b i o6pa3i iipaB.ieimt, He- oCIxo.jhmo fiu.io aaKpinHTb HM^Braiaca bt. BHAy RSHimeuia KOHCTHTyniH Toate nyiesn. naefiecuHTa h, AificTBHTeAbHO, yTsepatAeuie HpoH3BeAea- 8 6huxi peffiopMT. nocjrfiAOBaao xaa 1870 roAR, upw aMctbih An e- paabHaro HnBBCTepcma, bo rjaBi soToparo 6u.it. HOCTaB-iCHT. 3mh.ii. 0O-JHBie. O.jhhko bth ycrynKM npaBHTeaacTBa ja.ieB HeoOeaneHHBajH Aa.it- 8H'tftmaro npnMHpeuia c i cTpanofl no Toft npHTHH'Ji, tto onno3HU,ito VAOBJeTBOpHTl THMH yCTyUKaMH 6bU0 HGB03M02KH0, TEKT. KRKl HIipHH- HRuu pa.iHBajbHoS uaprin He hocu.ih laparaepa aerBTUHnofi ouuo- 63HniH, a Cu.ih uocTpoeHU Ha AHHacTHiecKUXT. noatAeatHiaxT. Ci 1869 roAa vate xocTaxonio acno o uapyacuaaeTCH cTpeMAeiiie bokohhhtb ct. HMnepieB, T.-e. CBeprHyib Hano.ieona HI h AHHaciira EoHanapTOBi, c i npeeTOja. BcjiAcmie TaKoro BHyTpeHHaro noAOxenia Atai bo 4>paH0iH, H BCA’JiAcreie roro, tto h caMa repuauia no paSHHMi npH- THHam, a, raaBBum ofipaaoMi, noAl AaBxeHieMi cTpeM.ieHi# uiobh- HH3Ma, nyjKjajact TorAa b i boShI, Tara Kara TorAamnee noAoxeme cf.Bepo-ropHaHCKaro consa 6hao mamo h BUCTynnxH Hapyxv crpe- MjeHia npHcoeAHHHTt ki neuy B n 1’epManiH,— BCA^ACTBie Bctxibthxi npHTHHi ofii CTpaau, H 'I'pamjia H llpyccia, acnaju boShu: hcwuit. ee HauoxeoBi, noCysaeHHU#, c i ojnofl ctopohu, BHyTpeHHHMi coctoh- HieMl A$Al, OTl KOTOpUXl OHl pa3CTHTUBa.il OTB.ieTI. BHHMaHieCTpaHU rpoHOMi opyxia, a ci Apyroft—noACTpexaeMuft k i boSh-S Kjepmca.it- Hoft napTicft h HxnepaTpHHeio; pannuMt o6pa30Hi HCKa.ii bohhu h 6BuciiapKi, no5yxiaenuS HeyAOBJeTBOpHTOjibHUHi uo-ioaenieMi a' a i 6 6 8con3a. OnpeAi.JHTL, kto u.il aHaca mHMi bhhobhhkomi BcnbiXHyBmeft 6BCKopi rfipaaKo-npyccKoft bohhu, o tHB.ieiiuoft no nonoAy A^xa uocaa 6BeHeAerTH, ipyAHO, h o, Haiti cBBAtTeabcmyeTi HepiiAKO onura, bh- 6hobhhkohi boBhh «e BcerAa GuBaeTi toti, kto o iaBJiaeTi ee, nasi 6 6 8bi ABHHOMi cjiyial, 'I’paHuia hah, BipHie, HMnepaTopi ijipaHnysoBi: ohi BHHyxAeHi hji o iabhti, Bo ny. 18 a4t i TaKoro upaiiACHia, KaKHHi 6hao npaBjOHie HanoAeoaa in, He npomAO a-ih ♦ pamuH Aapoai. Oho ocxaBHAo rjyGoiiie cj*ah: KpoM-fe
— 515 — aojuiBuieB Aesoprasusaniu apaiji, 3HawaTe.itua« qacTi, noropoB kx •tony ate qucAiuacb Ha fiyMart, m 3airf>qaeiix bx.xorjaraneft •I'paHipu Tasofi yua^OKi, rpawjaBCKaro Ayxa, Tattyc .nesiopajiHaauiio iipaBOBx ECerja G.iaropo^nofl a repoficitoS Hapia, qio BpaatecKoe HamecTBie rep- MaHCKHXX UOJ1HUIT, BCTpiqeHO 6lJ.IO CB He TaKX, KBKX n03U0.lUTC.JbH0 oatHjaTb otx BpaBCTHCHHO 3AOpOBoft aaniu. Haqarau BOSsa paat'MaTpu- Baxacb ne KaKX nanioua.ihnoe j-fejo, a uaub aventure HMDepaTopa, KOTOpufi h paHbme He pa3x nycKajca bx Tania npua.iK>qeniji, KaKx 1 1MCKOHiiaiiciiau aucne.jHniji h BocToqHaa (KpuncKau) KaMuaniu. 06xa- Bjeiiuait noflua uc uj.nm. a »RTy3ia3xa Hauiu. .foo.xu necoMH'fiHHo na- TpioTHqecKaro HacxpocHia, KaKx Tbepx, Boapasaumift bx saKOHOAaiexb- HOH'b Kopnych npoTHBX yBAcqcHia, osuaTUBmaro Ilapiiatx, a, raaomjMb 3 11ofipaaoMq,, napTiio fioiianapTHCToux, necxtia cu.ibuyio in- aKOHoaaTe. - homx icopiiyet H pacnojaraumyio snaquTc.ibHUMx qnc.iOM'b „6bjijix (Uy3x“ , orJiamaBmuxi, uapn*cKie Cy.u-uapu bouhctbchuumh KpHRaMa: „bx Eep.iHHT.!\"—He eoqyBCTBOBaxH HauaToft uoUeb. Xoax btoB sjodo- jyquofi AJa 'l>paHi(in uoShu Oo.ilie hjh Heube n3B*bcTeHx. BooHHaa HCTopia He npexCTaB-iuerx Apyroro npmiipa Taimxx 6uctpuxx h do 1 1 3caliAOuaTe.iF.Hbix’b viirbxoBx oahoB H3X bobfoihhxt apuiB. 'Ppauuy.’iCKiu BoBcita uo. yqa. u oahO nopaateHie a ApyruMX. ‘bpaupia ne TOJbKO He OAepataja iih oahoB nofitau bo bc» Kaunaniio, ho OKauaxacb yaiKe ue- cdocoShoB npoTHBonocTaBHTb Bpary MyaecTueHHoe conpoTuejeHie, gorAa oHb Hauaxa.-ix na ea ropoAa u ocautyaji ex ttpbnocTH. 3nauennT0e ABHxenie Mapmaja Maux-Maroua (oKa3anmaro, no HH’bHin fiooauap- thctckhxx CTpaxei'OBb, BCJHttie Ta.ianTu Bb Ab.rb OTcTynaenia) Ha ci- Bepb 4>panuiH ouaua.iocb HeyAaquuMX. HeuhpoHTHoe u uosopHoe no- paateaie Bcefl apjiia iioax CeAanoMx, n-iisx HxnepaTopa, KOTopuB vfii- AHAca, hto „ oht» nanpacHO ncitaAx eMepTH Ha noji Ohtbu“, h OTAa.ix cbojo mnary no6bAoiiocHOMy „6pa'ry“, reuiaAxHo 3aAyMaHHoe oTCTyrue- Hie a OTjnqHO BbinojHennoe Hcqe3H0BeHie Bb caxyn KpnTnqecRyr> hh- nyTy bcdB apnin Maitx-MaroHa, KOTopuS, rosopuTx, 6u.i'b paneHi, Ha- KOHeivb, noAnacanie hocthahoB KanaTy-Muiu reHepajoux BasioifieHoiix— Bet 3TH COCHTia 4>paHK0-ripyCCK0fl HOitHU HaCTO.lbKO H3B-6CTHH, qTO MH orpanauHMCH ahdib npocTUiax yisaaauieMx ua bhxx. II. HautcTie ofit hhxx DJIHUI.TO bx UapwiKb doax Beqepx SceaTafipa 1870 ro.qa. Hpe3HAenTX itafianeTa h BoeHHbifi mhhhctpx, Mapmaai He- ABKao, cAiASAx aaKOHHqecicoe cooOmeiiie aaKOHOAaTeAbHOMy aopnycy: 3„apnia cASAacb na KanHTyAanisj, a HHiicpaTopx b3atx bx ha^hx\"... 9to H BicTie naniAO iiojroTOBjeiiHUXX c-iymaTe-ieB; BC'fe oiRM.naju »Toro: iiocaIj Chtbh hoax BepTOMX, TpaBe-JOToax h np. a ah bc4x x 6£i.io acuo, na qi.io CTopouy KAOHHAOCb iioennoe cqacTbe. B ci napTia, BoacTaBSKUiiu npe*Ae na iiMiiepiio, noAHaAHCb Tenepb iiey.T.cpatHHO, h na stotx pasx
oh4 Oujh noAAepsaHti e.tHHOAyuiuijMx HeroAOsaHieMX nceft Hau,in. yipoMt 4 ceaTn6pii bx llapmux npoiiHOH cjyxn o ceAaHCKOax norpodk; eMy cxaiio H3b* ctho thkjeo b to, w o Mapinajx IlejHKae coofimaax BeiepoMi bx csoeux 3aaB.ieHiu 3aKonoAaTeai>Hoay Kopuycy. I'ycTua Toanu Hapoja co6paaHCb ua uaoma*H Coraacia a cTaaa ric- HHThca ex 3Aam» co6paaia. HapoAX s ja a i noATBepacjOHia AOineAniHxx AO aero oiyxosx. roBopx a ponoTX toabu AoaeTaaa ao KoppHAopOBX coCpaHia. lllvax stoB BUBOAHOBaHiioii rpoaaAU npOACTau.iH.il pasa- TeabHuS KOHTpacni cx saoBiiuefl tuiubuoS, uapcTutiiuuniiefi bx 3a.it 6coCpaHia; ho HiiCTpoenie a Taax h TyTX 6uao oauiuikobo. ToToacx nocat coo meHia lle.iiiuao, JKdal ■taopx Baecx bx 3aao- noAaTeabauS xopoycx upoA-ioateuie o HB3aoxeiiia aanepaTopa Ilaao- jeona a OTpeieaia nceft ero <jiaua.iiu otx npecToaa. Ha HxnepaTop- 6cKoe MaaacTepcTBo, aa npaBHTe-ibciBOHaoe Coaliuhhctbo saKoaoAaTejb- Haro Eopnyca, to oaluihhctbo, aoTopoe HesaAOAro ncpeAX riax bto- paao BOHHCTBeHHuax flpaKypaax repuora I'paaoHa a „cx aerxaax cepAueax“ (ipocH.io ‘I'paHuiio bx uTy 6e3AymBy» BoSay, bo npoTecTO- Baau npOTHBX upeA-ioiKeaia jKioaa ‘Paupa. Ilpenia npOAOasaaacb okojo 620 MHHyTx; npeAaoaeaie jKuaa •baupa oTnpaBaeHO bx Oopo, a sact- Aaaie saEouoAaxejbHaro' Eopnyca ujo OTjoaieao ao 12 naconx cah- Ayxiiuaro abb. Ho 3aK0B0AaTeAbBufi xopaycx He aorx necTH cbob co- 6utniama bx oduiHoiix nopnAKt: ohx hjx oupyaceax xojnofl, Epa- 6BaBuieft: a bas la droite! a ipe oBaBinefl BH3.ioxeHia. JenviaTU see TaKH npoAOAauiAu coBtmaTbCB bx EoppuAopaxx 3AaBia. jftioji, 'Paupi, aBTopx npeAJoaseHia o HH3.ioa>enin aanepaTopa, ciHTaa ero coctobb- 6maaca a Mtero i'mbh aepxoBnoB BAacTU BaKauTHuux, npeAAoaiHAX yapeAHTi, eomhtotx HapoAHoft o opoEU aax 5 jhh,x, a nonpoex o ipopat npaBAenia octbbhti. noaa HeptineHauax. 9ro npeA-ioiaesie Bnoaut co- OTBtTCTBOBaAO no.ioacHic At.ix, aCo crpaHa ay»Aajiacb npeawe ucero bx 3amart otx HenpiaTe.ia. ftx Toay ac paacyaAaTb o ipopai npa- BAeHia bx coftpaaia, He aatBineax yipeAHrejiuoft bjiuctb, Kasoauax 6fihlAX BX AtfiCTBHTeAbBOCTH 3aE0H0ABTeAbUHft KOpnycX, H BOCTBAOSaTU noAX rpoaoax HeapiaTeAbcBaro HamecTBix, uxo no aeabmefi atpt HcpasyMiio. H AtftcTBa're.iLuo, (paKTnaecKH npeAAoaeaie jKm.ia $aBpa ocymecTBH.iocb. Bo3hheao npaBHTe.ii.CTBO BanioaajbHOH oOopoHU, de la defense nationale. Ho npauHjunua cyaAeaia ptAEO autiOTx ca.iy bx EHHyTH TpeBorH h HapoAHaro neroAOBaBia. Toaca npoHHKAa bx SASHie 6saEOBOAaTeAhuaro Eopnyca cx TpeftoBaHiaMH o Bas.ioaeniH u cx Epa- **hh: „Aa 3ApaBCTByeix pecuy jHKa!“ '). 3aaouoAaTC.ii.HijB Kopnycx
— 517 — uo,vb npejicfe/TaTCJMiTBOM* IIlHefl^epa otkpujx saciaaBie; ho myNx nas.iunymucft toads ne aaBaax bobmobuiocth Becra coB-hmaniu. Toraa aa opaTopcaofi TpaSyirli noHB.iaeTCH I’a>i6eTTa (bx to Bpeua no- •CTaToiHo nonyaiipRuS k«kx aaBOKRn,, upocaaBHBmiSca no ai.iy Bo- aena u Hyapa) a rpoMKusn. roaocoMx roBopaTx: .F pasaane! Bci mu Mo s e a i JiBHTb BejiriecTnennoe ap'fijiHine coeimeam nopHAKa ci, cbo- 6oaok>. D y c ix b x Kaatjoft TpHOynii kto ,inOo BOShMeTX na ce6n aaGory o nopHAJrfc, h nyCTB bc+> acA)\"rx pe3yjibxaTa roaocosaiiin b x MOAqanin. JHibuS ueni'pi, o6'i>iaa.ib nacTanuTi, ynaauiTb CBofioAy coB'liiiuiHifl aaKOiio- AaTOJianaro Kopnyca“ . Ho splixiima, o kotopomx roBopnax 1’aMderra, ne npoHsoniao, 1160 Taiuaua ne BOBCTaiioB.iHjiacL. Toana Guaa pasxpa- *eHft MeajieHHOCTMO con-hmanifl u oTcyTCTBientx AenyTaTOiix, mto oGxa- ■ CHBerwi t-Iimx, bto qacTb AenyTaTOBt fiu.ia bx 6iopo a KoppHAopaxx. TajifieTTa eme past ycnoaoHBaen, To.iny: nHeo6xoxHMo“, ronopHTX oux, „ htoGh n ci senyTaTu, aoropue naxoABTcx bx Koppuaopaxx o fiiopo, Guah na cbohxx M-bcTaxt e najiaTa Mor.ia npHCTynaTb kx ro.iocona- Hin. O bh He saMejAHTX npHATH... SI G.iaroAapK) sacx: bh aeHa rion/r.m. CoxpaHHre TopasecTBenHoe Moaqanie, noAoGaioaiee BeamtoMy ropoAy. Bn cefl'iacx yc-iunjiiTe pesyabTarx ro.ioconaniii na.iaTU, KoxopuB, ko- He'mo, GyxeTx yTiiepAHTeabnhiii ex BatneR toikh 3p-fenia“ . nocaiAiieo oG-hmanie FaMGeTTH, oqeBHAno, mao cabidkohx xaaeico: oht., tskx exa- saTB, npenplsnnux rojocoBaHie naaaTU. Kunx 6h to nil Guao, ho ['im- GeTT'i ynaaocb na Bpenn nOAAepataTt nopiiAOKx hoax ycaoBieiix nepo- Mtiiu, cor.iac Hoii cx xeMnim ru toahu. coGpanie, oxnaiso, mpaahao h «e ToponHAoeb; upeiiHjeirrx ne hobbxhach; abhv'tatbi hb ihah. Ho *xa.ia takikc h Toana, KOTopaa Bee Goalie h Goalie yne.iHHHFiaeTca bhobb npH- GuBiniiMn, n kx 3 qacaMX a m nca :iaaa co6paaia 6uaa noxsa. Torja npesHAenTx HlBeRxepx oGxaBaaeTX aaciAame 3aupHTHMx. Boanenie AOCTHraeTX yasacHuxx pa3Mf.poox. HpOHCxoainx BeanKoe CMureuie. 0 ro.ioconaniii upeA-ioseHia jKio.in 'I’anpa ne MomeTX Ghtb h- pi'iH. IlepeBopoTX, naapiiiiaiR chaoio Bemett, BCTynaeix b x cboh npana: TyTX neabsa tobopbtb hb o lopHAMiecKBXx ocBOBaHiaxx, hh oGx oGctoh- Te.ibCTBaxx, ero BU3Banmnxx. Jlpyrx nopaAKa, MaiiHnurift HesaAoaro ne- peAX t4 mx HapoAX BeaBqecTBenHUMX :ipi.imneMX, TasiGeTTa, CTaHo- bhtch TenepB opraHOMx h HCTO.TKOBaTeaeMx HacrpoeHia to-ibh. I’poM- krux h iroryqHMX roaocoMX, AOCTuraiomaMX nocaSAHHXx npeAiaoBX Boanyioineiicii iiaau a KpaSaMXx TpaGynx, raM6eTTa upoH3nocHTx cat- AyioiiUH caoea: „rpa®AaHe! HM-hH m. Biiay. ito OTeqeeTBo b x onacBocTH, qTo coGpaBin abho 6h.io iipeMH, btoGx o6cyABT6 n nocTaHOBHTa pt.- meHie oGx oTpeqenin, bto mu oGpasyeiix H3X ceGa npanu-ibnyio (?) Baar.Tb, HcmeAuiyio hsx HapoAnaro roaocoBaHia,—oGxaBaaeiix, tto JIw- Aobukx HanoaeoHx BonanapTe a eio aomx aaBeerAa Depecrajx nap-
— 518 — CTBOBaxfc bo $pamtfHa. Heaxsa ho saxtTan, hto bx btohx 3aaB.ieeiir -6raafieTTH bhboah He bhoah aaABTx ex nocu.TKaiiu: H3x toto, hto cc~ 6fipaHin mho hao Bpesn oficyjHTi, npeAaoaeme at. 'banpa, bobcoHe bu- TPKJl.JO TO, HTO OHO BOCTHHOBBTl, pimeHie BT>CMHC.lb OfrbflBJeHUJ TaM- 66eTTH; sa-rfjHX, xoth aaKOHOAaTexuiuS Kopnycx h hax npraHaHHOft 6HapoAHUMX ro-iocoBaaieMX B.iacTi.io, ho ohx hax hphsbhhx oficyatAarb,. 3 11VTuepsAaTb hah otkaohatl uonpocu aKOHOAaTe. .cTBa, fiAuatafiuiHMX ofipasosix, saKononpoeKTO, ho ne HM-fcax nopy'ieHia yHiiHiosHTi, Bep- 6 6xoBHyio B-iacTB, khkx He hsit,ax hoahomohiS yipeAiiTe.ibHaro coSpaeiH. Ho noaoateme l i n uao raKouo, hto ec.iH u raMfierra orpanaiH-ica to.ikko uoc.rfeAneB nacTbK) CBoero o6xaB.ieHia, T.-e. npoCTO, 6esx bch- 6 6KHXX COMHHTe.IliHHXX HOCLIAOKX, npOflO:iI\\jacHJT> fibl HHSAOHteHie, TOOHO h,io h BCTpt'ieBO Croat ate coayncTBenno, itaKx h A'bSeTBHTe.ibHoe ero ofixHB.ienie. III. HTasx, HMiiepaTopx HHSAOateHX, aunepin ofixHBaeHa Hecyme- CTByromefi; ho Bonpocx 0 (popsrb upaBAeiiia, AOAateHCTByiomefi 3an+>- HHTb ynpasAHeHHyio; ocTaaca otkp&ithmx h Aaate He BOsfiystAaacn. 'taicTHHecKH ct> dthxx nopr. naMunmaa cymecTBOBaTb pecnvft.iHKa nvat- Aaaacb BT. HapojHOMT, ocBau;eHiii hah, ho apafiueB M-bpt, bx upuuHSHiH ea ropoaoMX Ilapnateux. IIostomv neo6xoAHMO 6u.io QOATBepAHTb co- Bepuinumiftca (jiaitTx nepexx ahuomx llapusa, bx tomx M-fccri ero, ko- TOpoe HacTapii CHHTa.iocb oOuHHbiMb A,ia noAofiHaro poAa jianHijiecTauifl. jitiOAb 4»aBpx h IViMSeTTa HAyxx bx napaxtcKyio paTymy. bca-Sax aa hhmh TaMx HOHBAaeTca h Ponnfiopx, Hsnt.cTHijii n3AaTe.il, <I’oHapa. Bx paTynii tiiuo o5pa30oaao Rpexennoe npaBHTe.iLCTBO, a cx 6a.iKoaa ea napHacauanx 6biao ofixaBaeHO, hto BpeaeHHOe npaHHTeibCTBO na- i;ioHa.ibuo0 ofiopoHU yipeatAeiio h cocxaB-ieHo H3X caiiAyioiuHxx ahax: 8nuanyH.ia Aparo, TaMfieTTbi, 3K.h).ui ‘taopa, /Kcah 4>cppH, TapHbe 11a- ateca, 8pnecTa IlHKapa, Porntpopa, iKmu CnnoHa a reuepaaa Tpoiuo bx aanecTiit npe3HAeHTa.' Ha APyroS ashb noca-fe ofixaBaema CDHcxa H-ieuoDX BpeveHHOro npaBHTe.TBCTBa cx 6a.iK0Ha paTyuiH npejCToa-ia hco6xoahmocti, o<5xh- CHUTbca cx CTpaHoft. 9to Guao ca^asho abohkhhx chocoGomx: 1) ny- Teax npoKjiaHauifi Ha yaHuaxx Hapasa h 2) nyTesrx HHpKyjapoBX ax npeipeKiaMX h ax apyrHux AoaatHOCTHHMX AHuasix, noAHHcaHHHXx. FaM6eTT0K> bx xanecTBi HHHacTpa BuyTpeHHaxx a^a x . X oth npoK.ia- Nauia nucaAHcb a oftxaBAaxHCb cnei(ia.ibHO aah QapaataHx, ho bc£ orii ofipamaAHcx KO BcfiMx ippanny3aMx. Bx hhxx 0 co6brri«xx pcBoaiouiH roBopHAOCb, kbkx o coOutLhxx, coBepniHbhihxch ho Boat HaniH, no boa-6 HapoAa, onepe*HBmaro na-iaxu a A-iu cnaceHia cTpaHH noTpe6o- BaBuiaro npoiio.jr.iamcimi pecnyfiaaKH. Hnaie a bx ApyroMx ayxi ro- Bopaaocb o6x 9tomx bx HHpKy.iapaxx: „HH840JKenie noc-raHOBaeHO bx
— 519 — 63aKonojaTe.itHOM% Kopiiycf.“; „pocny jHKa npoBOar.iainena bt. paiyiut1' 6(oda coo ineuifl ifiaKTiiiecKH BtpHO nepeaaBaAH coaepinHBmeeca). .[.a.iie 0bt. HHpicy.uipaxT. coodmaJioct, bto npaiurrc.ii.CTBO Hau.ioHam.H ft odopouu yqpeatjeHo a vTBepatAeuo uapojnuMT. oAodpcHieMb (t.-c. oAodpeeieMi. Toft TO.inti, Koropaa dtua y paTyrnu). I[npKf.f«pu KonqaAHci. rasi: „aa upaiiHTe.Ti.cTiio 'uaniOHa.iBHOft odoponu nojnacaji. MnHHCTpi B. 8.Tenhi. TaMfieTTa”. Ho uoBTopHMi. eme pa b, bto mhhjth, KOTopua nepewima-ia t o w ■l-paiiuia du.iH HedJiaronpiaTHU x-i« pa3cvatAcnift uo Bonpocy o ijiopui npaBaeHia: oxeaecTBO Toria x &hctbhtcjibho b.hxo:ui.ioci. bt, onacHocTu; no aiftCTiiiaMT, HanoaeoBOBCKuxb reHepa-roRt non:uo du.io i/poAiioja- raTj., tto Bt doJunmicTBi cjyqaeBi cipaHa fiaua npe^ana HenpiaTe,io. Bc.iii;;cTDie axoro, yuoMHnyTuft unpayaapi ne B03dyaw.JX HO.xovMliHu!, 10aanpoTHBT., noc.Tkjyioniie 3a hhmt. UHpKyjapu nusuaja Bceodmifl sirry- .lia.iMT,, T.-e. CTpana ptinHjacb doporbca uoc-itAHaro H3He«oaeHia. BpeueaBOe iipaiiHTe.ri.CTBO HauionaaLiioft odoponu jicho iioHHaa.io CBoe no.xoaceuie, oho BupasH-ao cbob muc.jh bz npoK.iauaniM 5 ceirradpa. Bb Heft roBopujocb: „oxeqecTBo s i ooacuocTH, boboc npaBHTe.ibCTBO ecTb npaBHTejtbCTBO BanioHa.ii.Hoft odoponu. DycTb KaiKAuft <|>paHny3b B03i.»ieTb pyacbe h OT.iacrb ceda bi> pacuopmseHie upaBHTeabCTsa\". 0Ml;pa, ic’b KOTopoS npur.iauiaao <|ipaHHV30BT. itpaBHTeai.cTBO, HBJiuaci, Af. CTBUTe.ii.HO HeodxoAHMofi nocj't HJMiHU Mapmaja JiascHa, cjatinraro '250.000 Boaefco. Haqiinan cx stoto BpeiieHH, bz reieuie 5 MtcsueBx codpaTb h AHCuanaHHHpoBaTb apuiio a Aaw. eft cpejCTBa BeeTH dopbdy— diijo A’lificTBHTeabHO ruraiiTCKoft nonuTKoft, ROTopaa oiiacTH u yaa- aacb raudeT-rii. 3anepnift bt. ocaacAeanoMT. Ilapuacft, oht. daaroiio- 3,iyqno cnycTH.Tca na no3,iymHOMT. mapt bx Typt h cx CBOftCTBenuoft cay onepriefl npHHH,ica a A im oprammuiK 3amnTU. Bt TeacHie 5 Mtcaneax CTpaHa OTdnBa.iacb, RaK7> m ow ; cx 5 cemadpa 1870 ro.ia no 28 aiiBapa 1871 rOAa Tanyaacb uepaBHAa dopbda ono.iqeeia I’aM- derru cb apMiaMH repMaimeBX. Hpn tomx imaneiiia. KaBOe nuteTx llapuiKi, a-ia <t>pann;in, cyjbda BTOro ropo.ua joj*na duaa npejoope- .ifauTb h cyAbdy ynaqBO HaqaToft odopoHU. CayqHaoci. dojbmoe He- caacTie ^paaniu: XIupHat-b, roaoAHuft a xoaoanuft, notAaBinift Rpuc'b h pydaBinift dvaOHCRift aicb, noc.it repofteKaro coapoTBB.ieHia, npHnyaiAOHi, 6aiz cjaTbca Ha Kauaiyaauiio. 9to c-iyaujocb 28 aRBapa 1871 roja. Ha npeiBapHTe.ihHHXT. neperOBopaxt, Koxopue Beaacb Beatsy •I'aBpoMi. h rpaiJioMi. BHCMapKOm., dtija nocTaHOBaesu raas- Bua ocHOBauia KauiiTy.iauiu h iipe,inaqepTOHu duau na'ia.ia npejuMH- Hapuaro sinpiiaro AoroBopa, npa qeMi.' BuroBopeno 6am, bto oKOHqa- Te.ii.noe odcyatAeRie n ptniOHie ororo r.onpoca dyAen. npeAOCTaBAeuo naKioHaAbHOjfy codpaHiio, Koiopoe cx. aToft nt.iuo h ao.iikho codpaxbca
— 520 — lit G.iasafiraifi cpoKi. Bufiopn 6emh na.iHaneHH aa 8 cfeBpaxa, uepero- Bopn sac JK. $aBpa ct BucMapKOMt bijib ct. 28 aHBapa. Xom h Bh- cMiipKt BticKasuBaai CBoe coMHtnie Bb robhoxhocth m. c m t sopoTsifi cpoK'b BH(5paTb ii cofipaTb ACiiyTaTOBt, T-feM'b ne raente bto c-iynu.TOCb, necMOTpa na MHOronHc.ienuhiH 3axpy,yncnifl u Geanopfijiitii, napcTBO- BaBIBie BT. ajXHBUCTpaTHBHOM'b BtjOMCTBt. 6 6Mu uponycKaeMi Bet do,tpo hocth Bufiopom. a co3Bania co paHia, Kant nenysama yja ifse.rhyonanifi KOHCTHTVniOHnaro Bonpoca otho- cnTO-ii.no ■J>pa»niH; ysaatem TOJibso na ojyHHb uvHKTb cTo.iKHOBoiiin uexAJ riapnateHX, ivy* sact.yaxo npaBnre.ii.CTBO naniona.ii.uofi ofiopoau, 6 6 6h Bop,yo, rat npe aBa.rb raM erra, oG-ieneniiuil naira h yHKTaxop- caoro B.iacxbBi. UapniKCKoe npaBHreAbcrso onpeatjH.yo npoH3BecrH bu- fiopu Bt Haniona.Ti.noe coGpanie 8 (fieBpain nosaaony 1849 roya, T.-e. nyTCH-b Bceoflineft a opaMofi iio.iam roxoconb h nocpencmoMb scrutin de liste. raiiGerra. nojiymBb usiitcTie o co3Hb4 nauioaa.ibiiaro co6pa- Bia h pacno.iaraa GoabinaHCTBOMt yeuapTanenTOBb, naya-TT. jyespeTb, 6KOTopuMi. ycrpanaAHcb o n nuOopoin. not GonanapTRCTM, sorja jh o sauaMBBOiie ycnyTaTcsia aif.CTa a ynacrBORaRiuic Bb oiJ>'t*nnia.Tv.iiux'b KanyiuaTypasi., neci.Ma oGn.u.Hbixt npH Hauo.reont III. I'aMfieTTa npej- noxaraxb, mo BncMapm. xe.ia.Tb, Trofiu tit. cofipanie tipoubio bobmoikbo 6o.Ti.mee hicjio fiOHauapTMCTonr., KOTopue, kohomHO, ne saaenjaxH 6u 6npeyaTi. 'I>panniio. Ho na aroxb past ra*i eTTa ornaGcn: uocMOTpn Ha 6to, n o nespeTb ero ne uxb npnue.yem, bt> ncno.moHic, r-b najiait, 6co paBmefica 13 ifienpajia 1871 roja, osaua-ioeb inriToatHoo KO-ianecTBO 6(SonanapTHCxoBi. IV. BbiGopu Bl. Hauiona-Tbnoe co6pame u,th npoHSBeyenu 8 4>e- bpa.ia, h pe3y.ibTan, hxt. ne coOTBtTCTBOBaxb hh onaceniaxt, bh osh- naHiflM-b pecnyfi-TiiKancKofi napTiu. CoficTBenno nonpocb, soTopufi pi- nia.icn mfnipaTe.niMu bt, yanuoMT, ejiynat, He aacancn ijxipxH npaBje- nia, a aacajcn McK.nonuTe.Tbno Bonpoca o MHpt h BofiHt: npoyoxsaTb .ih Bofiny, Kanx. xortia .ye.Teraiyin Bopyo (napTin TaMfieTTbit, h.iu sas.iD- n«Tb Mnpx. 9xotx Baatiiuft Bonpoct Guxb npe.yocTaB.iein. Kapoynoxy ro.TocoBania). llosTOMy Haniona.ibnoe coGpanie, mjnieymee H3b btoto roxocoB&nin 8 (fionpa-iH 1871 roya, h yaxo ontliTT. Ha btotb Bonpocb. lrxo6H noHHTb cocraub btoto co6pania, iieoGxoynMO npHHaxb bo BnH- Manie, tto so BpeMean nuGopoBb 'Ppannin fiu.ia yTOH.iena Bofinon; So.TbmuHCTBO cipaHU se.ia.ro Miipa bo ito 6a to hh craxo. BcxtiCTsie 3T0ro, pecnytiantaHCsaa napTia, omacTH RacraHsaBmaa na npoioxscHin sofihu, noTepntxa 3nannTe.rbnoe nopaseHie na nuGopaxt. Ho GoHa- napTHCTbi orb btoto He BUHrpaxH; ohh onaaaxncb noGtsAemiofi cTopo- nofi h npoHiiK.iH Bb naxaTy Bb cpaBiiHTejn.no HniT0»H08b nHcxt (ho Goxte 30 H3b nncjia 768 Bctxb jenyiaTOBb). Mesjyy naan ho Ghxo
— 521 — BUAHS)IlyaXCH -THIBOCTefl, KOTOpblB HfiKIM.la Bb 3UKOHOAaTe.lbHOMb KOp- nycfi conopaHtajH cb JIC. 'I'aBpoMb m TbepoMb. OTcyTCTBOBaaa Pyspi a /TP- Bu.iauutieca npHBepseiiiibi HMtiepia. C ko.ti>ko na6yAi, hsrIicthhmh fioaauapTacTaiiH 6ujh 1'a.iOHH .H'Hcrpia h Kohth. — PecnyO.imtancKaa napTia naxo.in.iaci. Rani, fibi iri. .iiioiicTiiemioHi. noioaceHia: 6o.h>iithh- ctbo ea He xotIiao ofrr.no.iaTb koBh n , ona ae yiacTiioiiaJia bt. ibobu- BHCTCEHXT* .i.oMoncTpanijiX'1. saKOHOAaTe.Tbaaro Eopnyca a IIapnma, ko- Topufl yB.iebeach mhcabio o •t’pannyaax’b Bb Eep.iaufi. Ho Teaepb, iiocai 4 ceniafipa, iioSna no soiiatt a bo ato 6m to hh CTa-io wfi.ia.iacb ao- syHTOMT. iipaniiTiMi.cTiia HapioHajihiioii oOopoiiN (Bupaatonic IK. 't’anpa: „hh o.uia riaj.b aesua He 6yaeTi OTjaHa” noBTopaaocb BcfiMH). 3ra nepeufiim RacTpoeaia ooyc.ioon.Ta co6on Bcaopfi sarliMb noc.ifisouaBniee pasjfi.ieiiie pecnyfi-mKaHCKon napTiu. Epcift npe.icTaBHTe.ii. ea, ,ihkt8- Topt TaMfieTTa, ocTaBaAca BfipuuMT. npasHTOHy Aosyary. OTBfiTb nanin bo Bo.iiiyiomeMy Bcfixb Bonpocy Oh .te pfimeHb: oaa uoc.iajia m, najary 250 pecnyS.iHKancKHX'b .lenyTaTonb. Koropue, kohiiiho, He mot.ih co- CTaBHTb 6o.ibDiBBCTBa, Moi’vninro .TOKpeTHponaTi, npoAOAxeme sofinu. Eo.ibbibhctho iio.iyin.iH pasMJfl Monapxaiocnia uapTiu 6% coROBynaocTH. Kb oOmeMy Haysi-icniio. aa no.iMTHiecKoe uoapame BUCTynB.iH nernTH- .1hhctu. IJocai. 1830 roja cTpana o bhxtv HHiero ae c.iu x aia: oaacno- Eofiao IKIf If Bb CBOBXb BOMfiCTBHXb H.IH Bb apBCTOKpaTHieCKBXb KBap- Ta.iaxb Oapaata. Ohh npo.io.iiKaAH ynopao xpaHHTb nfiponaHin, koto- pun .WBHO CAfi-ia-iHCi. lyaibiMH aapo.iy. Hxb iioaB.ieHie Ha itojhth- lecKofl apenfi ooa.iaiH.io cTpany. ill 10.10 CBMOHb tlMTajCH o6bHCI!HTb STOTb cfaKTb, T.-e. IIOHB.ieHic .lerHTHMHCTOBb, BjiiBHieafb lyxoBescTBa. jH-ia Hero ROBRpamenie nera- thmhctckoh napTiB 6hao HOBUMb Heoau.iaHHhiMb ipaKTOMb, hckiioih- T0ABHO ofrbJfCHfleHHMb BMfilliaTe.lbCTBOMb AVXOBeHCTBa. Ho noicMy ae, Bb TauoKb cxyiafi, avxobbhctbo ne 3axOTtio onaaaTb minnin Bb noxbay fioiianapTHCTOBb? Coioab cb hhmh 6uib 6u Oo.ifie Buroienb Aar .ivxoBencTBa, ifiMb co»3b cb xerHTHMHCTaMH, oTHOCHTeJibHO 6y,iy- maro SHaieHia KOTopuxb Hoaao 6u.io cyjHTi, ahiot. rayaTeAbao. ITpaBja, ito H.iiunie .lyxoBeaeTRa Bb OT.ifixbHHXb cayiaaxb, npH bh- fiopfi Toro hah Apyroro AenyTaTa .lerHTHHHCTCKofl aapTia, Morxp HMfiTi. BHaienie, TfiMb hc Heafie ofibHCHBTb iionB-ieHie jerHTHMHCTOBb hckjio- iHTP.ibHo BAiHHjeMb AyxoBeHCTBa, KaKb to jfi.iaeTb Jtt. CHXOHb, He.Ib3H. Bb OTOMb OTHOmeHiH Oo.lfie BfipHblg B3rAHAb Ha BPHIHHU HXb noHBAeRifi aaicAFOiaeTCH Bb oahoS aaoaHHHoft 6pom»pfi: „20 MicaneBb npesHAPHTCTBa**. Bpomsopa ofraacHaeTb oto TfiMb, it o bo opesia iiauio- na.ibHoB 6opbCbf -leniTBMHCTU 3apeKOMeaAOBa.iH ce6a cb xoporae# cto- POHH: OHH OpOCHAHCb Bb BTy 6opb6y CHfiAO. 6e3b aaAHeit MUCAH, 6e.3b paacieTa noayiHTb Banin ah6o butoaij. Bcfi AoopaHe 6mah xopomaMH
— 522 — rpa&AaHauu H soKaaaJiu CBoe iiyaecTBO. 0 Hem cBHAtsTeaicTBOBaAi h I’auCeiia, HOTOpufl b i oahomi H3i coohxi nupity.inpoBi roRopiut, bto no3opHHB HHpt np 6yxeTi BorapoBaBt hh ojho0 napriefl h, xeatxy npOtHMt, JieniTHMBCTaMH, fipoCHBHlHMHCMC l TSKOft caMOOTSepatCHHOCTLlO 63au1.HUi.aTb oTeiecTBO. KaKT. h to nn (Shao, ho noastieuie .leraraMHCTOBi bi naxaTfc lie aor.TO npnaeCTH cTpani ocofiennott noatau: haoh btoB naprin ho moi-ah film ocymeoTB.ieuu; aeatxy i.ieuaaH oh, uonaBinuMa b i naaaTy, He 6aao 3HaMeniiTuii> rocyxapcTiiennuxi .noioft h opaTopout; ohh ne 6xor.iir cAi.iaTwyi B.liHTejtHHMi HCHTpoiit. Citop'ke. OHH cocxyiKH.iu opyxieaii HHTpara onanapTHcroBt, ocoOenno Rt to apejia, bota& pyKOBOAHTCjeBT, R0AHTHKH H BAOXBOBHTejOHl AOruTHMHCTOBl CxtlAaACa repnora Bponn. Ilaafiojbmee ihcao AOnyTaxcKaxi M ien xocTaxocb .iioahmi Oeai TBepxuxi noaHTHnecKHXi yfitnaxonift, CHvnaTin koto- pu xt .rejuaJiH na cropouti KOHCTHiynioHHO# MOHapxiu, h KOTopue, hoai BuciaT.rlimosit BocnoMHHaHift o peciiyfinattti 1848 toah, 6oa&e acero SOHHHCb oto0 (|iopuu npaBxcnia. Ho EoncTHTyuioHnafl HosapxiH, upu- BxeKaBmaH nxt caunaTiu, He cnoco6Ha 6u.ia BoaGyxRTi Toro snTvaiasMa, Cl KOTOpHMl MOimpXHCTil OTHOCH.lHCb Kl KOpOJIIO „ 60JKie[0IIHAOCTID*, hah HHCTue pecnyfiAHKannH— k i cbo6oaho« pecuyfi.iiiiiti. Ta jiouapxin, K l KOTOpoft OHH CKAOHHAHCb, Su.ia MOIlapXictO b&tarde, npHHiHBH C»xa Bupaatenie jlaueHs: orb He Cu-ia MOHapxien „(ioatien> mh,ioctbio“ ; tohho TaK i ate OHa He noxoAiua Ha aHrxiflcKy» xouapxiio, ocBauieHHyo xpeB- hoctro; b i AannoHt cotyiaf, nixa pint 061 op.ieancKoft jionapxiH, o toB HOHapxin, KOTopaa b i cbohxi ocHonaxi 6ojf,e onapanaco na hh- Tepecu, a i m Ha uphhhhhu. Hxeaju .lenmiMHCTOBi ne huh xaaMne, TaKi CKasaTb, MiuiancitoS aOHapxin. JIioah btoB napTiH jaaie He (Shah pacnoHoaceHH ycTanoBHTi. cTporyn icpTy paaAHiia aeiKxy xonapxieio ii pecnyCaaKoft. Ohh, HOBHHyaci BJieaeniio HHTepecoBi, momh.c i oah- naKOBUMi yxotfcTBOMi ofipaTHTbca h Bopano h B.iiBo, CMorpa no Ha- AoBhocth. Ohh xorfcjm neB03M0»H08 ,MORapxiii, oficTanaennoS pecny- 6-TnKaHCKHMH yipeaxeniaMH\". Ho ohh cto.ib ate oxotho aoraH 6h co- raacHTica a Ha pecayfimay c i uoHapxHiccKiiMu $opaajiH, 6yje t3khh aMaxiraaa BOSMOSBa. B i cocTaeii btoB aapTia mohcho 6u.io aafiTH h -tobkhxi HHTpHranoBt h A»Aefi HCKpennHxi h Xante XH6epaxoBi (K. llepi.e), roiOBHXi npHHsiTi, yMipenHyio CBofioxy. JlHdepaabHaa lacTb aerHTHHHCTOBi, KOTOpaa, oxaaKO, He Hirfcxa bosmoshocth acitRTb BTy CBOfioxy BI KOUCTHTypiOilHOii HOHapXlH, COCTOHJia BI 60AbHIHHCTBi H31 JlfOAefi TajailT.lHBUXl, OHUTBHXl H JIOBKHXl, KaKOBU ^KKjlOpt, -KasHuipi riepie, jTaOyje, JleoHi Ca h xp. B i o6meMi coctbbi HanioHajbHaro cofipama npexCTaiuaeTca b i c.rta ?anneal iia.it,: '/< ro.iocoBi npHuax.ieata.ia HOHapxncTaHi; 'li—
— 523 — pecnyC-iHKaHHaMi; '/so—I'oiuuiajmicTaM’b; '/is—paAHRajaMb, a ocTaaa- Hue roaoca (Oo.rhe ’/s) paciipeAiJiJuuci. Memxy npeacTaBHTeaanH pas- jih'ihnxt. ueonpe.ii-jeHBUXb HanpaB.ieHifl, coiyBCTBie KOTopuxa ho Bosfiyatjajb hh OAHHb pexHXb. alana stub rpynnu HOHaiiH^’Iiaii HHne- piio, He conyBCTBOBajiH h aa*e Con.THca pecnyfijiHKH, ne nfipmin b.ih coMniBajiHcb Bb bosmobchocth RoscTflHORjeuia EypfionoBb u, upon* Toro, BaCTt HXb OTHOCH.iaCb SOHaaHBO H irojOSpHTe-IhHO Kb ITapHHty, KOTOpuft noxiepmnnaAi, uoiineTBOHiroe HacTpoenie, h m, KoropoMb naap-haa.m co* fiHTifl KOMMVHfJ. Ho na.n> bc'Jmh sthhh vyBCTBasiH, liOJHonanniHMH AonyraTOBb nanio‘ na-ibHaro cofipamn, rocnoxcTBOBa-ia rroipefiHOCTa Bb BH'feuiHeMb mpf> h Bb ycTanoBjieHiH BHyTpenwiro nopn.iKa. 3ro oficTOBTejibCTBO bmarhhy.io Tbepa. EuBaioTb MHoyTu, Korxa fijraroirpisTHUH bjiu He&raronpiHTHUK oCcTonreJihCTBa xiwaajTb xa»navo lexoB^Ea HeoCxoxHMUMb, a6o Ha neMb cxo.ihtch net napTiu. H H orja nufinpi, naxaeTb Ha Jiano Heio- cToBHoe, ho Rb xaHHOKb c.iyiah Taepb TaaoBUMb He 6uab, xoth spant ero oTabiBaioTCH o neMb ne ocofieHHO aecTHO. Taepb nepexb rhMb, KaKb BUCTyUHTb Bb pOJH, 0 KOTOpoft MU fiyjeM'b POBopHTb, HM-fcab 3a co6oio xxHUHoe no.THTHiecKoe iiponuioe, EOToparo, oxnaKO, mu RacaTbcn He 6yje.«b. fib ueaaxbHue h , hokbo cKasaib, TpariiKOMuaecKie jhm, Korxa aaKOHOxaTejrbHuS xopnycb roph.ib cTpacTbD Kb BOSH'S, Taepb cb xpyrHMH pecuyS^HKaHnaMB MyacecTnenno Boapantaab npoTHBb Haaa- TOH BO0HU. M u npHBexeMb OfipaalHKb Ttxb OCKOpfi.ieilift, KOTOpUMb OHb uoxBeprajca sa cboio ounoanni(o aBaiiTnpacTCKHMb saTiaMb: o.iHa H3b pliqefi Taepa npoTHBb nottau Oujia npepBaHa cjfcjytoniHBH cjo- BaMHr „ b u —npejB03Bf.CTHHa-b HOciacTiB <l>paHniH; CTyiiaftTe Bb Ko6- jeHHb“. rpH3nu0 <I>uiapo, pysoBOAHMuft „CTO.ia ace rpaanuMb Hu.iasiec- caHOMb\", nHcaJib, hto .Taepb, KaKb npcxynpeAHToxanuft nexoBiKb... xoieTb 6jHHAHpoBaTa cboB AOMb TaKb ace, KaKb h cbok>cob-6cti>“ . Hoxa UacaBbHKb npeAxaraxb hsa^tl hh Taepa xaxaTa a BOAHTa ero Bb n.iuaxb no y.iHpaMt IlapHiica. Taepb ocTaBaxca Bb cTopOH'Ii orb nepeBopoTa 4 ceHTMOpn, He npn- CTaBb HB Kb OAHofi napTiH. Bb THHcejibie a-ib $paRniH ahh OHb ofib- txa-jb bc4 eBpone#CKie Anopu, xoAaTaBcTBya o poxHrrfe. Kb inc.iy ero aacjiyrb hvjkho othccth u to, hto (5e3b yapbruenift, kotopumh onb ofiseab llapHSKb hS ckojbko xtT b TOMy nasaxb. noe.T'feAHift ho Bb co- ctohhih 6u 6uxb THHyTa TaKb Ao-iro sawHTy. Bb to Bpeun, o koto- poMb HAeTb p tn a, Taepb 6u,rb cAHHCTBennuMb rocyAapcTHCHHUMb qe- AOBiKOMb <J'paiiain. OHb 6u.ib HsOpaub JceiiyTarosn, Bb uauiOHataBoe co6paHie Bb 26 HnfiapaTexanuxb oicpyraxb; Bb ofimeMb 3a Hero 6u^o no.iano fioa-te 2.000.000 rojxocOBb. Haaiona-ianoe coOpanie He Morxo HHKOMyxpyroMv BpyiHTa HcnoxHHTe.iaHyio Bxacra: 17 ifienpajui 1871 roAa
— 524 — Tbeps duas HafipaHx r.xaBOio rocyAapcTBa cs T in s , qrodu ohs OTopa- bahas cboio R.iacTb BOA'S KonTpoaeMS HanioHaabHaro cofipaHia. Ohs duas rjanoio Hcno.inHTe.iLHoft babcth, HDfipannuMS codpauieMs h ot- B'bTCTBeHHiiHs nepe.ns hums. IIpeaHjaHTOMS nanioHa.iMiai'o codpamx 6u a s H3fipaHS JKto.ib TpeBH—neJoBias HcnuTaHHuxs peenyfi.iHttaHCKHXs ydiatAeHift, koto- puB 4 ceeT»6pa ctohas bh6 noAHTanecao# dopsdbi, h Ha KOTopoMS, BCAtxCTBie BTOrO, aor.IH COftTHCh BCt napTiH: KOHCepBaTBBHHH, AHde- paAsnua a yatpenHO-pecayfijHRaHCKia. iKio.it. Ppeua 5tj.n, H36pans npeBHAeHTOMS HaqionaAbHaro cofipaHia sHaTHTeAhHUHs 6o.ibmHHCTB0HS TOAOCOBS. V . HafipaftieMS Tsepa h I'pena cofipanie noKasa.io, qro oho bobco bo HaMipeHO He toasko npeAptuiari.. ho Aaate h B03fiyaciaTb bo- npoca o tpopiii opasAeBia, Hdo Haeroiua iteodxoAHMocTh, npesie Bcero, noEOBBHTb Tars hah HHaqe c s RonpocoMs o BofiHi. Tbeps no uoaho- MO'iito, jaHHOMy nauioiia.ibHNMs cofipattieMB, 3aK.1toqH.1s naps, xa- xexaH aah 4>pannm. OrtBHHais 3a sto Thepa dyqeTS ipyABO, ecAH npHHMTb bo BHHMaHie to, nero nepBnuaqaAbHO xpeOoeaAS BacMapics. HoCAiAHift, Baop., TpefioBaAS B03craH0BAeHia Hanoieona III Ha npe- CToilt; Tpw qaca Tbeps OTOHita.is Geabt|>ops, BbiroitopiiBs RaKOHeqs, qxo aTa KpinocTb ocraHeTca 3a t&paHnien. Othochtcasho ycaosifl 3a- HAioqeHHaro wapa, Tbeps, TaitHMb ofipaaoiis, oKasaaca b s aboakoms no- AOseHiH: cs oaho# cropOHH, IiHCMapus AyMa.is, qi-o ohs nbao b3has; c s ,xpyro8 cTopoHU, HauiOHa-ibHoe codparie, 3ac1t,/.aitmec bs Bopao, ysnaBS ods ycjtOBiaxs MHpa, nptini.io bs 'ranee nosdyaAenie, qro oaho BpeMB mokho 6uao onacaTscH, hto codpaaie AeKpeTHpyeTs Hoayto BofiHy, ocodeHHO nocni piqeft aAbsaccsHxs AenyTaTOBS. HTeHie yc.iOBift MHpa c s repMaaieft conposoxAaAOCb aKTOMS uapio- na.tMiaro cofipaHia, hmIhoihhms anaxenie KOHCTHTypioHHoe. IIoboaoms ks H6My bocavshah MaHui{iecTauiH doHanapTHCTOBs. Uoc.it ptqa OAHoro oparopa, KOTopuft bs XHCAi npoqnxs ofittHHeHift, odpaipeHHuxs uo aapecy ynpasAHeHHOft HMnepiH, KHHyAs eft ynpeics h b s to8 ropbKoft cy xtd i, KOTopaa nocTHraa 4>panniB> fiaaropapa doDanapTHcTaMs, Ha TpadyHy B3omexs Htsro Kohth. Bs cBoeft piqn ohs yKaaiiBaas Ha sacayPH npaBHTeAbCTBa Hanojoona III H B03HHitis Aepnocxt, npeAAo- *HTb cofipaHiD odsaBHTb o dAaroAapHOCTH CTpaHU HMnepiH. Ptqb Kohth BbisBaAa ttceofitqee pa3Apasenie (eft coqyBCTBOBaAH ahhis dom- napTHCTu). Bet napTin eAHHOAymHO hphbh.ih upej.ioxenie Tbepa ooa- TBepAHTb HH3A0*eHie HanoaeoHa III. Tsehms odpasoMS, BornpoBattia BToro npeAAOzenia 6biAo nepeoi Mtpoft KOHCTHTynjoHBaro tiHaqeaiii: eio DOATnepiBAaAacb OTMtHa HMnepiH. Tins He Mente, nee xaxH ocTa- Baaca Bonpocs o (fopHt npaB.ieHin, AO.iaseHCTByioiueft sanaTb Micro
yopa3AHeHHOtt HMaepia. Tbepb, raasa HcnoAUHTejtnofl bjhcth, du-ib A-hftcTBHTejbuhiMT. pyKOBOAHTeaeMb codpaHia, Hyajanmaroca Bb'pyHO- BOACTB’b Bc.i'ijcTiiie pa3itjeuia Ha iiapriB, noTopua «e ycniuii eme na nepauxb uopaxb ojHaKOMHTbca j,pyn> cb ApyroHb, ue ycudun paaodpaTbca cb cBoaub nojrojKeaiesib h rtu i He AaBaaa bo3mo* hoctb cofipauin coejiHHHTbca Bb e.muys) Kopnopanic. Tbepb. npMHHB'h BoaaoxeHaua na aero uojuoMOiia, rrponaaeeb ]9 (pe- Bpaja cDon B3ii1icTHyio p iib Bb HopAO. Bb Heft oht. .yKa3UBaab, KaKb co- Gpaaio Aoaacno oxaocnTbca K'bCBOHMb aaxaqaMb, a Bb qeMb uHeiiuo OH'fe cocxoaTb. Boti. I'jiai<huh niuoaieHui bToft pb'iH. Tbepb iiacTauiia.ii. na TOMb, hto aaAaqii codpauia aoaschm saKawqaTbca: 1) Bb TOUb, qTodu apueecTH Kb Koony h BbinojHUTh e c i ycAosia h o6«3aTe.ibCTBa, naxo- xeuuuH ua <t>pauniio MHpnuMb AoroBopoMb, Bb ocodeuuocTH yu.iaiy KOHTpHOyuiu Bb pa3Mf,pt 5 MHJ-liapAOBb l^pailBOBb; 2) Bb TOMb, htoOu no B03H02KH0CTH CKopte yn.iaTHTb 3TH MUJ-liapAU H TllMb OHHCTHTb cipaay oTb UHoaenauxb softcKb, Tanb KaKb ao n Bb odesneqeaie ynaaTbi KonTpndyniii, no yc.iOBiio iixpHaro AoroBopa, qacTb Aenapra- nenxoHb BOCTOiHoft ‘1’paRnia ocTaaaaacb aaHBTowueupinxeAeub. .fia lie Tbepb KOucTaxnpoBaab, qxo cxpana HaxoAHTcw Bb pascTpoflcTBb: hamh- Hncxpauin— Bb uoaoxenin neeo3MOHtHOMb, ToproBAa CT&aa, aeMjeAbaie Bb ynaABi. HeodxoxaMo nOBXOMy 3) oacaBHTb ToproHAio u npoaaaoiH- Te.ibHUa Chau CTpauu; 4) HeodxoAusio AaTb BOSMOatHOcxb 4>paHn;iH upHATM Bb co3Haaie canoft ceoa. To.ibKo apa 3Toub ycaoBin noaseTb duTb ptmeub Bonpocb o ifKipat iip.iB.ieuia. Teaepb ace, KorAa cxpaaa acxepsaHa, Hyacoo hmixb acecxoKoe cepxiie a cyxoft yMb, iTodu odcy- acAaxi. uyHKxu KOHCTaxynia. Taicaub oGpasonb, CMHCAb 3T0ft piqa aa- KjioqaeTca Bb TOMb, hto 3aKOHOAaTCAbuoe codpaaie danacaftmnnb odpa- soMb npn3Bauo no3CTanoBHrb bo <I>paiinia aopaAOKb, uoMoab eft iipaATB Bb coBuaHio n rfeab AaTb BoaaoacHOCTb ycTaaoBHTb yqpeAHTe.ibHyD saacTb uyxeMb HOBbixb BudopoBb. 9 ia piqb implicite 3anaioqa.ia Bb cedi tIi Haqaaa, kotopumh iiOTOMb cxaxb pykoboahtbca Tbepb. Ho codpaHie do h sjo , hto yqpeAHTeabaaa a.iacTb ociaeTca 3a unub, a qTO oho AoaacHO ocymecTBHTb ee uocai toto, Kasb yAOB-ieTBopeHie hoot- aosHUXb HyacAb CTpauu dyAeTb npHBeAeHO Kb Kosuy. llpumiiiuhi, H3AoaceBHue Bb dopAocKofl pftqa Tbepa, no.iyqnxn buo- cxiACTBin uasBaHie „dopAOCKaro Aoronopa”, pacte de Bordeaux; ohh onpeAtanan KaKb oxaonieHie HcnoaHHTejLiioft BaacTH Kb BauioHaab- aony codpaniD paAOMb cb ApyraMH KoacTHTvuioHHbiMH BoapocaiiH, TaKb n danacaftinia saAaqn caaaro codpaHia. VI. P-feqbD Tbepa lOuapia HauioHaabHOe codpaaie Bb BopAOsaKpu- Aoct: MnpHuft AoroBopbduxb noAuncaHb u paraiJiHuoiiaab, a Hapiouajbaoe codpanie motao B03BpaxuTbca Bb Ilaptiacb. Ho BbIlapHaci asAaBua uoa-
— 526 — 8 6roTOB.iH.inch peuo-iKmioHHue -ienenTki; noBTOKy co paHie pbmxjo ocHOBiiTbCH Bb Bepcaai, fioach napHacBaro aacojenin h Toro jaiuenin, KOTopoe non. oitasaTh ropOAb Ha naAaxy. EaKb bt> Bopao, Taitb u Bb Bepcajm, oiaano, Bonpocb o ijiopxt opaB.ieniH ho 6ua% ptineHb. Cb AOcTaToauoD ysipeHHocTb*), hcxoah 1131 cocxaua coOpaHifl, Mosaic caa- 6 63aTb, hto ecJH6a otott. Bonpoct uAb nocraBAenb bt> to BpeMH, o.il- 6ihhhctbo iiiuaiu iiucKasa.iocb u 3a KOHCTHTypionByio uoaapxiio. Paa- cMOTpiiHio lOHCTBTynioHBux'B BonpoeOBi eme pasb Chao 3ajep»aH0 H3B'feCTHHMT. B03CTHHieMb KOMMyHU 18 M&pTa 1871 TOja, TaKT, 6 6itaKb oho BOjaB.ieno 6u.io -luini. Bb KOHiit Haa Toro ate ro.ia. llo- hhtho, hto opb a cb BOSCTameub OTBjeBJia BBauaHie Haniona.iMiaro 6 6coCpaaia ora Bonpoca o ijjopxaxb npaBaeau. lioc.rt toto, nasb bob- CTaHie ujio nojan.ieiio, cofipanie, Bb EOTopoub pecnyCjHsaHCKaa nap- Tia hs ^ono-iBHTejiLuuxb uu opaxb 2 imra hIscboalbo yRe.iKin.iacr. Bb csoeub cocTaBt, yace He xot4ao npacTynaTb Bb oficyjaxeaiio koh- CTBTyniOHHblXb BOUpOCOBb. lIOBTOHy Tbepb OCTaXCH Jib TOMb a>e no.io- xcaiH h npH Tixb s e noxHOMOiiaxb, KOTopua 6ham BpyieHH eMy 17 IpeBpaXH H HOTOpUfl, nOBHTBO, H6 MRaAH HHKaiCOft OpraHH.iaU.iH rocyAapcTBCHHuxb yapeacAeBiS h He onpejluH.iH (JiopMu npaB.ieHia. *Ito6h CK0.1LKO HHOyjb peryaupomiTb oTHOineHie r.iaBU hchoahu- Te.ii.uofi BxacTH Kb 3aROHOAaTeAbHoxy cofipaHiai, Bb asrycrt 1871 roja AenvTaTb Pane BHecb upej-ioasenie, npHiiarae najaroB, Bb cuay koto- paro Tbepb, ocTaBaacb rxauoft HcnoxHHTexbHou babcth, 6uxb oCcTa- B.ienb OTBiTCTBeHHUHb MHHHCTeptTBOMb, lepea'L KOTopoe OHb CH0CH.1CH cb naaaTofi, npu ie»ib sa HHMb ocTauaxocL upaBo u jhiho HBaaTbca Tyja ajih oSbHCHemfi. ec.iH HaiofinocTb Bb TOMb HMb YCMaTpHraeTCH. Bb STOMb npeAxoateHiH, npHBnxoMb najaToio, Bnepiiue 0iJ)<|>HiiiaAbH0 6ynOTpe6.ieao caobo pecDy6AHKa, hmchbo, oana Hcno.iHHxeiLHoS n-xacTH uasBaHi. npesHAeuTOXb pecnyfi-iHBH, h, tbehmi, o paaoub, nocJitanHH 66biaa upHSHaua ijmKTHqecKH. Ho CKopo noi.VBCTiiOBa.iocb yTOHaeiiie CTpaHhi neoupe.it.leniiocTLio noJOseHiH, h o npu HiKOTopoxb BHiin- Hexb ycnoKoeHiH ea, itaatjan uapTia OTKpuaa KaMuaniB Bb uojl3v CBOHXb saHAHAaTOBb. Bc.rltACTBie ucero btovo, oxb AenapTaxeHTOBb cra.iH nocTynaTb Ha hmh Tbepa xoAaiaficTBa u npe.i.ioatenia, nparxa- niaBmifl HaniOHaabHoe cofipaaie xasb hah muaie onpeAluHTb h yTBep- AHTb <{>opuy upaBnenia. Tbepb, qepeab CBOero ceKpeTapa, EapTeAesm- 10ceHTb-HAAepa, oiRtia-ib Byaca, npejctja'ieAB) OAaoro asb jenapTa- HeUTCKEXb COBtfeTOBb, Bb TOMb CXHCAt, T , BO erO MlltllilO, Hai(io- Ha.u,Boe co6paHie aoakbo bphath Kb caiiopacuyujeHiio, paab HaciynHAb bhahmuB hokoB CTpaHLi: oho aoakho cxoasHTL Cb cefia uojHOMOiia h T’iiMb AaTb ROSHojuiiocTii Kb o6pa30BaHiio yipeAHTeALHaro cofipania. TaBHHb o6pa30Hb, no MuiHiio Tbepa, Hauiona.ii.Hoe coopanie aoa-kbo
— 527 — como npHATH k x ujjc.ih o pacnymemH, T.-e. Tbepx sthmx 3aeBuj'fiTc.iL- 8 6CTBOBM'B, HTO OHX, K KX I'jaBtt HCDOJHUTe.IbHOfl BjaCTH, H HaMtpeil'L paaroiuiTb coftpanie. Op-ieaaacTbi, auiBinie Torja Oojjxmoe ahaaenie, no OTiiomeBio kx aTOtry nonpocy Acpaea.iHcb BbiaiHAaTexbnofi iio,ihthkh. npexcTannTe.il, BTOfi napTia h ea HUxamipiBcn qaeax, repaorx BpOAbH, BucKaaijiiaxca ^obo.ibuo tpmho. HauporiiBi, Kasuuipi nepxe, anmmi 3Apyrx Op-ieaHCEBXx npHHneBX, BHCKasuBajca a upoBOarjanieaie pec- nyfixHEH. B\"b cbocjix nncxiik, noM'imeHHoax bx Journal des debate, onx roBopHXt, no xoth ohx h npuBaaaHT, kx Opaeananx, h xoth KOHCTiiTynioHHaa Hoaapxia Bcero Ooxiie bmv cHMnaTH'ina, Tt.MX He nenie ohx xojiateHX corjacHTxca cx Muc.ibio, hto, bx b b a j noxoseHia cipanu, J..1H lien xpyraa 4>op»a npaB.ienia, npom* pecoyCxHEaHcsoS, ■ aeMHcJtHHa. Caux Tbopx 110 lioBOxy noc.-i'Iixuaro coofipaasenia BUcaaiiaacH jo- Bo.7i.uo npoapaino. ocoOciiho n o cx i H-hKOToparo TopatecTBa, KOTopoe no.iyqn.ia pecayCxHicaHCKaji uapiia Ha xoiio.iHHTexi.Huxx Bufiopaxx 20 OETaOpa IS72 r. a bocjiIi p i in raaOcTTU bx rpeso6Al> npoTEBX napTift, AopjKamaxx tTpany bx neonpcAixeRBOMX nojioatemH,—pt'iii, BUSBauuieB fio.ibmoe pa3xpaaoenie a Bo.iHCHie. CoOp&Hio ontpujocb 11 aoaOpa 1872 r., h bx aeax Ouao Bucjiyjnano nocaame Tbepa: uocxi H3xoiKeHia SKOHOMHiecKaro noxoatenia cxpanu a orient o aoipuriu xo.ira, .Teatamaro Ha cTpaat bx CHxy Mupaaro AoroBopa, ohx h3.io- su xx BX 9TO0 pliH cboK>iiox HTH'iecKVK) nporpaBsty. Tbepx yK33biBaxx, upesxe Bcero, na neofixoAHUocTb OKOHiaTBJibHO oupex'fexaTh o6pa3x upaBxeHia. Pecny&iHKa ocnOBaua bx ca.iy hsbIscthmxx coChtih; bob- Bpam;aTbca bx upHiiniaxx, c03AaiimnMb ee, a odcyatAaTb a x x 6tuo 6a 6e3BOjC3no: pecnyCxBKa cymocTByeTX, ona ecTb 3aK0HHaa ifiopaa npa- Bjcaia; 3aM-6ria ea xpyroB iJiopMoB <5bua Oh paBHocH.ibua nepeBopoiy. H fex ayatAbi TcpaTb Bpeaa Ha npoBOsrxanieHie otoS pecuyOjHKH, bo •ero cxtxyeTX bocbbthtb Ha to, htoOu cooOihhti. btoB (jiaKTaqecKH cf- mecTByomefi (jmpMi DpaBjeHia sexaTexbHHa a hcoOxoahmuh cBOflCTBa (hoax aiM X ohx pasya&ax opranHsaaic a onpeA'fcjreiiHijft xapaETepx pecuyfijiHKH). Tbepx iia ji.ix bx pecnyCaaKfe cpeACTBO a m upHHapema Bctxx TJO-IHTHHeCKHXX napTl'0, TUKX KaKT. Ha 0AB8 H3X 8THXX napriS He 6aua iiacTOJbKO caabaa, noObi ocymecTBHTb HaM-feaeaHyn) pixb a aejaTexbHyio ijiopav npaBjeHia. PecnyO-iHKa aB.iaxacb, xaKHMX oOpa30MX, KaEX 6a KOMtrpoMHCcoux. Ho jx a toto, btoCu ona Morxa nuno.imiTi, i8ry po.:u>. aeoOxoAHMo ou.10 oficraiiHTT, ee raKHBif ycxoBiaMH, KOTopua Moraa 6u fiuTb npaHiiTU bc6mh; h6o6xoahmo, htoOh bx ycipoScTBO u b x A*ficTBie Taao0 peciiyo.imcH 6ua h BBeAeHH naiaoia, coieTawmia no- pjiAOKX h CBoOoAy. Tbepx Haabiiiaxx Tasyro pecnyOxwKy KOHcepBaxaB- Hofi. „Pecny6.iHKa“, roBopajx ohx, „6yAeix KoacepBaTHBHaji u ju ea
— 528 — nonce ns dyjero, oh&“ , npoAOJiitajx ohx, oOpamaacb kx pecny6jiHiaH- naux, „6ysfiTb iuoaomx naiucro fl.iaropaayitifl“ . Ilecuorpa, OAHaKO, Ha sth miymiiTejLHHa npurjameuia, nauioHaab- Hoe co6panie u ua stotx past ayiiajo ycxpauHTb KOHCTHxynioHHuS uonpoc'b IIpH UOHOOIH UOJyuf.pl., KOTOpUfl, HOHHTHO, HHEOrO He MOIVTH yaosjeTBopHTb, h KOTopuii, khkx to Bcerja 6u BaeT't, bx jyrineHx eay- ua-fc jHUib oiiuajHBaJH afcio na 5yjymee i>pe«H. V II. llocnaaie Ttopa, bx KOTOpoax yuasuBaJocb Ha HeofixoAHKoerx Hs^aHiH KOHcTiiTyuioHHijxx sbbohobx, ttoCu noJoatHTb KOHeitx uepe- xoauOHy h iieoupeAfueiiHOMy uo-ioaceuiio Bemefl, bx kotopomx naxoAH- jacb <tpaHD,ia, He npHBejo kx t&mx pesyabTaTaux, na KOTopue pa3cumi- BaJX Tbepx. Huemio, uo upeAJOaicaiio jeuyTaia K epjpcja (Kerdrel) Gujia yupeatjeoa kohmhccih a jh H3roTOBjeHjn OTBliTa 11a pint Ttepa. Ho ona 6bua ofipaaoBaaa usx fiojbmHHCTna HuaapxHcxoBx; ca aokabahhex, Bbt6h, npoijieccopx nyftjHTHai'o upasa bx Kcole do droit h aBTopx Traiti theorique et pratique de droit public et administratif BHecx npcAJoateuie ocrauHTL uoupocx o (J>opMi npaBjeiila otbpmthxx h yape- ABTb EOMMHCcilO, JO-DKCBCTByBimyiO COCTOHTb H3X 15 HJ6H0BX, A-IH B1J- paooTKH saBOHa ofix OTBiTCTBennocTH muiKCTpoBX. 3aitoin. o6x otbIit- CTB0I1H0CTH MHHHCTpOBX, UO HpCAJOlKeailO, aBHJCH 6tl HtKOTOpHHX opyjieux bx pyicaxx KOHcepnaTHnuuxx HeaapxHHecKHxx napriS. IJiib ero saiuioHajacb 6u bx OTCTpaueniH Tbepa otx upHcyTCTBOBaaia bx uauioBajibHOHX cofipaHin, bx KOTOpoxx ero ntJoiioe xpacHoptiie usitjio fiojboioe 3Haieiiie j jh pyitoeoACTBa pecnyfijHKaHuauH h yaipenHuaH MOHapxHiecKHMU (ppaimiuMH. Tbepx nonajx, Kyja kjohhtch upeA-ioace- Hie KOHXHcciH, BHeceHHOe lOKja.viHKOMX ea, UaTfiu, h bx p ile CHoefl HacTaHBajx Ha HeofixojHuocTH ynpejHTeJbHbixx 33kohobx. Ilajara upHHHja, ojHato, BpejjoateHie o6x yipeSAetrin kommhccih 30-th xjh cocTaBjenia Htuoiopuix yipcAHTejbHiixx aaKOHOBX. B x coctbbx atoi KOHHHCciH 30-th boiujh 20 MOHapxiicTOiib h 10 pecny6jHKaHiteBx; BcjijcTBie BTOro, ohb upuiu.ia e x rbxx ate Hasajaux, KOTopua 38k jb - aa.iHCb h bx npejjoseaiH BaT6u. .I.OK.ia.jiHKoMb ca 6ujit, mfipaHX repnorx BpojbH, upu T6mx 3aa0HX, Bupa6oTaeuufi ob>, 6iu x bphhjtx uaaaToa OojbmHHCTuoux 478 i'ojocobx oporaBX 195. 9totx hobuB 3BE0HX saKJioaajx bx ce6i co6cTBeaHO orpaHHieuio BjacTH upeaujeHTa pecnyfijHEH. Bo BBejeHia kx STOMy aaKouy 13 napra 1873 row (5ujto Bupaateno, n o HanjoHajbBoe coOpame, eoxpauaa aa cofioio yapeAHTejb- Hy» BjacTb HupaBO co BpeueHeux AaTb OTpaHt KOHCTHTyuiOHHue3aaOHU, nocTaHOBjaeTx. «to npesHAeHxx pecnydjHKu chochtce cx najaTou no- cpeACTBOux nocjaHifi, Koxopua npoauTUBaiOTca ero MHHHCTpaMH. Ho npeaHAeHTX pecuyfijHKH uoateTx 6htb BHCjymaax jhhho Bcaaifl paax, EaKX ohx coiTerx 3to HeoOxoAHMUMx, ex ycaoBieux npeABapHTeJbHO
— 529 — H3Bi>CTHTB eodpaHie o cBoeat HaictpeHiH odpaTHTxca kx neay cx coofimenicMx. IIo uo-iyqeHiu »Toro HSB’fem.enia u.-uaTu iipHHHBaeib ero kx cBtAtni® , h upesBieHix Moacerx caiaaTb CBoe coodmeHie jihdil Ha caiAyiomifl je u t , aa Hcsmqcoiexx T tx x cayvaeBx, noraa naaara no- jaejaeTx ero BHcaymaix cefinacx; odcyxjeHie ate no noBdjy eoodmeHia npeaHAesTa pecnvd-iHKH jojukho hpohcxoahtb Bat upucyTCTBin npe3n- xeuTa. HHTepue-iJiHuiH odpam,afOTcn He kx npesaaeHTy pecnydaHKH, a kx ero MHHHCTpaMx. IIpaBHaa othochtc.ti.ho CHomeuja mhhhctpobx fiu.iu BUpadOTaiibi tbkx noapodHO h AeTaabno, n o ijipaHuvsbj, cx CBOfi- CTBeHHO# HMX CIIOCOdHOCTbK) KX MtTKHMX np03BHniaMX. HdBBBJIH 9T0TX aaKOHx „aaKOuoMx o 10 THcaiaxx KHTaficEaxx nepenoHifl“ . CymHOcix setxx st h xx aaitOHOBX .laKJHoqa.iacb bx yjtajeHm Txepa a bx ycipa- HeniH ero Baiania na najiaTy. Bx BHAt H-bKOToparo npopoiecTBa saKOHX 13 jiapTa 1873 roaa uo- 1CTaHOB.TJiax, hto codpame He pasoftAeTca, He hsaabx bbkohobx (sans avoir status): ) odx opraaaaaniH a cnocodi npeeMcrna (transmission) BjacTefl saKOHOjaTeabHoS h HcnoaHHTejbHOft; 2) odx odpaaoBaHia h KOMnereHuin BTopofi naaaTU, KOTopaa, o.inaao. He xoateTx BCTynHTb bx OTnpaBJieHie cbohxx odflsaRHOCTeii ao pacxoacAeHU HUHturaeft naaaTu, h 3) odx H30HpaTeAbHOHX saKoH't. Tbkhmx oOpa30Mx, HaiiioHajbHoe co- dpame oOxubhao 3a codon ynpeAHTeAXHyn BjacTb a iia.vtTH.io, Basie SaKOHbl OHO HMiieTX BX BHAy H3AKTX. Bo BCHEOMX CJIV'iat HCnoAneHie qtoto odtoiania H3Aarx sbkohm aoavo 3acT&BHA0 cefia atAaTb, u tpaHnia upamaocb iiepeatHTb MHoro neprypCanift ripsaw, qf.&rx no.iyqnib odi- 6mannrje saKOHU. SaKOHX 13 Mapra 1873 roAa uax nocatahumx komhpohbccohx ne»ay npaBHTejbcTBOMx Thepa h naaaToro. Hacrpoeme bx CTpaat Bee CTaHOBHAOcb HaTHHyite, no rofi npHiHHi, ito dopbda napTifi odocipa- aacb Bee doxte h doate. Ecah, cx oaho® ctopohm, MOHapxncTU naAta- ahcb Ha ocymecTBreHie to® cjiopMU npaBienia, Koropaa dbiAa coraacna cx hxx cTpemieHiann, to, cx Apyrofi—pecnydAHKaHCKaa napTia h bx ocodeHHOcTH KpaflHie pecnydAHKaanu oiymiHcb bx noAOatenin, KOTopoe sacxaBHJo hxx npHHaTb jo HssicTHO® CTeneHH orqaaHHoe ptmenie. Ho-ioaterrie npaBHTejibCTBa h yatpeHHbixx napri® CAt-iaaocb Tasse TpyAHte, bx BHAy Toro, too rpdBH (npeaHABHTX HaiiioHaaxHaro codpa- Hia) 1 anptxa noaaax bx OTcraBny, a Ba ero irfecTO duax H3dpaHX Esxjxfie (yqeHHKXh odpaaoBaHHufl nocatAOBaTeax rpa<f>aPocch, bx 1848r., nocat ydifiCTBa nocatAHaro bx PHMt, HSMtHUBmi® cboh ydtataeHia a 3nepeuieAmifi bx aarepi, KoucepBaToponx). Korja ato cayaHaocb, Ilapasx OTBtTHax H dpam'eirx paanKaaxHaro AenyiaTa Bapoas. Hadpanie oto npHBeao najiaTy bx cMaTeme, h cawo npaBHTeaxcTBO nocTae-ieno duao bx saTpyAHHTeaxHoe noaoateBie, TtMX naae, hto 3aKanAHAaTypy PeMiosa,
— 530 — HuOpania aoioparo seaaax Tbepx, nOAano 6uao 140 t. rorocoBx, Tor^a aaKi 3a ero ciacT.iHaaro conepiiHxa Bapots BHcaasajacb 180 t. roao- cobx. Bu6opu 9th npoHcxo*HJH 27 anpixa. He'cxorpa Ha 3to, Tbepx Bee Taaa paacauTUBaai Ha BO3MOXH0CTb corjameHia, h bx bthxx bhabxx otx HH6HH upaBHTeJbCTBtt 6ajb BHeceHu 19 Maa bx naxaTy saKOHO- npoeKTU, Kacanmieca opraHH3aniH rocyaapcTBennuxx B-iacreft. Bx otho- mema jBynajaTHoi cacTeMu h rofipaHia npesHAOHTa pecny6AHBH, npooaix Tbepa HauoMHHaeTx huh* jiacisyiomyio bo $pannia kohcth- TyaiKi. 3aKOHonpoeKTx htotx 6uax bhcccbx bx na.iary J,»((>opoMX. Ho HaiaTair 6opw5a max uapTifl, tbkx h npaBHTeaxcTBa c x najaioio sanrxa Tam. aaaeBO u yciMHAacb HacTO.ibKO, tto TpyAHO 6u jo pa3ciHTUBaTb Ha Kaaoe jh 6o coraaaieHie. K x 3Tony npacoejHHHJiocb eme to, mo Ha Aono^HHTejbBuxx nufiopaxx, upoHSBeAenHuxx bx IlapHxf, 11 aafl, bx AenyTaTu 6hax HafipaHX h* bto I'aeax—ojuhx H3X ueHOBX kommvhh. Bcx*xoTBie aroro, net KOiicepBaTHBHUH napTirt bx naxari cocranH-iH H3x ce6a codsx, moCu , AoasAaBHiHCb yioCHOH b x T0ny Many™, hh3- BeprHTTb Tbepa. Haro aantTHTb, m o cx aroro BpeiteHn xcththhhctu h npoiia MOHapxHTBcitiJi ijrpaKiliH hoahhbh-ihcb nxianito m pyBOBOACTBy OoHanapTHCTOBx (b* pohtho, BcxiACTBie jiobkocth h oijhthocth no nacTH bchbhxx uhtphtx TBKHxx xrorofi, Kakx Py3px u AP-)- 23 Mas repaorx BpoabH upexcTaBHix bx uajiaTy 3anpocx OTHOCHTexbno BuyipeHniiro noroxenia cipanu, ouiocHTCjibHO pasBHTia u ycnbxOBX paAHEajibHoS napTiU H OTHOCHTCJbHO M*px, KOTOpua IipaBUTe.TbCTBO HaMtpeHO npH- hhtb axb BOABopeaia bx cTpairt „ HpaDCTBGHHaro nopflAKa“. Otx hmohh npaBUTC.TbCTBa 0TB*ia.ix Ha btotx Bonpocx J.rorfropx. 24 Baa upomoni.io nocj*ABee napxasreHTCKoe epaatenie; bx phaa ceoefi Txepx, iojoxbbx A*ficTBHTejbHoe norosteme Benjeii, itl KOTOpoux naxoAHxacb TOrAaniHHH 'Ppaimia, erne pa3X HacTauBajrx Ha neo6xoAHHOCTH H3AaBia bohcth- TynioHHbixx 3auoHOBx, yKa3uua.ix Ha to, m o bo '1'paHnin oahhx npe- CTOAX CX TpeHH KaHAHAaTaMH, H Ha TO, MO CTpaHa AOCTBTOHHO yTO- HJieHa HeoupeA'tjeHHoeTbio CBOero nojoatenia. HecMo-rpa, oahiiko, na 8iy CHAbnyro p iib Tbepa, najaTa npuHir.ia ocicop6HTexbHbi8 Axa aero hoth- BHpoBaHHufl nepexoAX bx oiepeAHiixx aijaMx no apeAxoxeHiio 3pny, KOTopoe (Sbixo HauHcaHo pyaoio Pyspa. Taaaiix ofipasoux, 24 xaa Tbepx npHHyacaobx 6iux noAaTb bx OTcraBay. Cx ero bhxoaomx najaTa, hohcho csaaaTb, o6e&iroA*ja. PecnyfixHKaHcsaa napTia B03Aepxaiacb otx HOAanH roxocoBX 8a HOBaro npesHACHTa pecayfi.iHBH; bx ero H86pa- Hia yqacTBOBa-io toabeo 391 roiocx H3i. THcaa 721— nojaaro co- CTaBa. 3a repuora MajaceHTCKaro, aapma-ia MaKX-MaroHa, Ouxo no- AaHO 390 roaocoBX h 1 rojocx sa JK. TpeBE. V IIL CaMO co6on paayM'teTca, mo bx nofliA* h HoarrunieniH Map- mana, KOTopuS iiBKorja He 6uax npH3HauHuxx iioahthbomx, hohbpxh-
— 531 — Beciiia <|ipaKu,in bha4xh notSiAy h bosmosboctb ocymecTBHTb co Bpeae- aeMi cboh naaHH,- npeflCTan-jHBiniocH necBMa pa3H(io6pa3uuMB. Bb i n rxa3axx Maxb-MaroHx HB.ia.ica KaKb 6a xpaHure.ieMx bjbcth, KOTopyu •ohx saTiH b AOAxeHb 6h jx uepe.yaTb bjh ITIanfiopy, hah Koay hafiyjb H3b OpjeaacBHXb npaHneBt, h jh , naKOHenb, easy HanoxeoHa III, koto- pufi n o n 6a 6am IV-ab, ecaa 5 a ae nora6b Bb CTpairt ayjiycoBb. Bb a&hhohx caynab p in , o u a o6x opraaa3aiiia uoHapxaaecBBXb napTift. Jl,xa BToro a bx tohx pa3ciei“6, bto rpaijn, UlaaCopx ae hm£ax noTOMCTBa a , cyaa no ero aiT aab, ae moit. ero a a iT t, op.ieaBHCTU uom.iu Ha coraameaie: oaa rotobh 6u .ih npH3iiaTb rpaifia IHaaCopa rxaBOB (jipaimyacKaio Kopo.ieBCKaro jiouh a 3aKOHHUBb npe^oTauHTe- aeax uoHapxanecKaro npHauana ex t4mx pascaeTOHb, bto aocai ero caepTB <l>paimy3CKifl npecTO.ix, Ha KOTopuB hm£ax obx BCTyuaTb nojx HueHeMb Teapaxa V, AOCTaHeTCH OAHOMy hsx npHBueBb cTapmaro AOMa OpxeaHOBb. 5 aBrycTa 1873 roj;a npoHsomao 3HaaeHHToe CBHjanie ueHOBb jHHacTia b£ 'I'pomAoptfri. C b CBoefl cTopoBH a fionanapTHCTsaa napiia, aaRb 6a Bb otb4tx Ha bto CBHflaHie, 15 aBrycTa Toro ze roja npoHsneaa aeMOHCTpaniw bx ^aaeabroperb, bx Aar.iia, bx no.ibsy upanaa BoHanapTe, CKHa ex-aanepaTpauij EBieiiia. TaKHMb o6pasoab, cxAByxx CTopoHb man uonuTKH uOHapxuaecRofi pecTawpania a, xotb aoxtob Bpeaa Ka3ajocb, bto cx npasdipei/ieMb XHHifl MoaeTb cocTOBTbca corxameaie aezAy .leraTHHacTaua h op-iea- HHCTaMH, ho uaAezAU na bto (Shah paapymeas cajcaab rpa4iosn, IBaa- 5opoMb. Ilo BOcnHTaHii) cBOeMy, no xapaETepy h npuBHBKaMX, supa- fioTaHHUMb AOJirHMHroAaMH asruania, rpa^x TCaalJopx ocxa.ica BtpeHb rtiix npaHiranaM-b, H3b-3a KOTopuxx ero a4ax H-feKorja norepaab npecToxb. 27 ORTa6pa 1873 r . ohx doxozhax Koseax bc4 mx Hexopa- syirfeHiaBb naci,MOMX aa mmb xenyTaTa ffleaeBOHa, Hane'iaraHHUHi, bx m e rt Union (KjepnKa.u,Haa rasOTa, HSAaBaBmaaca Torxa Beato). Bx btoux uhci.mIi rp. IIIaMSopx nacajib: „ otx xeHH TpefiyBTx bx aacToamee Bpeaa uozepTHOBania aoefl boctlid; bto a aory OTB*aaTK Ha bto? TOXbKO TO, BTO H BE Bb B6MX He OTCTynXH) OTb MOBXb npeZHHXb saflBjenifi. Bb HacToain.ee Bpeaa haotx pint o BOscTaHOBxeHia aa 600ecTecTBeHHOMb ocHonaaia ofimecTBa, r,iy H noipaceHHaro, o Bospo- ZAeHi'a a oOesaeaenia napcTsa sbkohhoctu, o6x ofieaneaeHia CxarococToa- Hia a B03o6aOBxeBiH BainiHHXb iioctohhhijxx cod'bobx; rxaBHoe ®e BaKJnoaaeTca b x tomx, bto6u ae Cohti.ch ynoipefixaTb caay Ha cxyz6y nopaAity h cnpaBejxaBOCTu\". CaMufl raaBHufi uyHRTb 6x stohx nepe- BHC.ieaia aaKXRiaaeTca bx ^BoacTaaoBjeHiu aa aaKOHnoMb ocaoBauin ofim.ecTBa“, bto, dobbtuo, 03iiaaaeTb B03CTaH0B.ieHie ancien r6gime’a IloBTOMy, Aa-rhe, rp. HIaM6opx oGxaBxaeTb, bto ohx HHKorAa ae npa- MeTb TpexnBiTaaro sHaMeoa, a bto 6f.aoe anaxa 6uao acerAa sHaMe- 34*
— 532 — 6aeMt Opaaitia. Caobomx cccaaaTb, rpapx IUaM opx boaobumx xoHeiix. bchkhmx HeioyMiHiaai: ornaai coraameHie MOHapxHieckoS a opjeaH- CBOfl ppaKuifi 6mo aapymeHO a jijaaocb HeBOUMoaiiibiMx. 6 6UpH trkomx DOJioxema A'fiax caax Mapma.it Maax-MaroHx, no Boao noBjeain ceccia bx HOii pt. 1873roja, at aocaania cooeax yaasn- BaJit Ha BeotonHHOCTb aaTb CTpaat opraHHBaniio h onpeffbjaTb rfc 6 6apaBa, bo naa aoTopuxx ohx, aaax upejcraBUTe.iK acnoiHHTe.iLBoS. Bjacia, MOKert xificTBOBaib. 3to nocaame at o.ii.niMHCTBt c.iyuaeBx aoaaaaHBaro aapmaaa npejcTaBJiaeTcn .uu ouuthumi. bo Muoraxx otho- meiiiiixt. Bx Heat rosopaTca cativiocu.ee: „kto Ou hh 0cut upe*CTa- BHTcaeMt BJacia, oat He noacen CAt-iaTb Haaero upomaro, ec.ia ero npaso Ha yupaBaeaie ica«AH0 aohb CTaaoBHTca Boupococux, a ecaa oat 6He HMien. o&sueueHia at AocTaioiHO npoAo.iatHTejbHOMx cymecTBO- naHia, yto h HsftaBHTi CTpany on. (ieanpepHBHofi araTauia. Cx u.iacTbio, EOTopaa H3MiHHeTca aaasAufi seen., aoatuo oOeuneauTi, napx toaxko aa ceroAHB, ho HHsaRX He Ha aaBipa. IIpa laxchit yc.ionia uuEaeia BeaHKia npeiupinTia He BOBMOacau; TpyAXHSHbinaeTx; <l>paimia, aoropaa tojbko a aeaaeix bospoahtlch, ocTaHOBH.iacL a t cboomx pa3BHTia; ux OTHomemH ax hhoctpuhhhmx ,iep*au:urt noiHTHica ne mokctx npi- oGpt.cTa nocatAOBaTeaxHOCTu a HacTofiauBOCTH, BOTopua o,icrfc noAAep- acHBacoTXBeaaaie aauia. Ecaa neHTpaaxHaa BaacTX iteAOCTaiouflo ycxo#- HHBa, to efi neaocTaeTx aBTopaTeTa, ohu HejocTaTooHo caaxHa, utoSu othhtx aaacTb y Spanned a aacTasHTb aoBHiiouaTbca cefrfc cbohxx. areHTOBx” . IX . TauoBu descnopHua hcthhh, upeuo.iaiiHua Masx-MarouoHX HapioaaabHoay cofipaHiio 1873 r. Hat upe.inocuaoKx ero nocaania 6 6mosho biao BHaecra pa3aa<iHua aaKacuenia. Moikho uao becbccth BasaDieHie bx aoab3y yupeAHTe.ibHbixx 3anoHOBx, KOTopue Aa.ia fibi cTpaut oKOHiaTe-cbBoe ycrpoficTBO. Ho H3o6p4TaTeabHU0 Jtyax napTift 6namejx buxojx a Tyrx; ohx c.itiajx to saBABO'cenie, no , « » o ea- 6neaenia BHyipeHHaro Mupa AociaToyao CHa iHTb apinocibB a Mory- mecTBOMx acnoJHUTeabHyio B.iacTb; sonpoex xe o epopat. npaiuema 1.1npa btomx ycjOBia hosotx ocTaBaTbea otkputukx, t$ mx fioxte, aro MaEt-MaroBX, bx KaaecTBi xpaHure. naacTH, Sypeix yAepxaBaTb ee ao Toro MOMema, Boraa aeirrca bo3moxhoctx nepeAaTb ee bx r t hah Apyria pyaa. BcatACTBie araxx cooCpaaienifi, noBuc.iymaHia noeaauia npe3HAeaTa pecuyCaaKH, reHepaax IHaurapiibe Bnecx bx cofipanie c-iluycmee npeAJOxeHie: rncuo.iuine:ii,iiaH MacTb nopyaaerca npesHAeHTy peeny- .6ahbh, Hapaiajy Maax-Marouy, hh 10 j i n ; ohx OyAeTX AtScTBOBaTb Ha ocHOBaHia cymecTByiOHtHxx saaoHOBX anpeAx ao H3Aaaia yapeAareab- 6buxx saEOHOBx. JI.ib HaroTOB.ieHiji noc.ilijuux'b AOAXHa uTb Hiifipaua
— 533 — 8 60kohmhccih h *b 30 AA H BbM. Bb OTBiTb Ha oto OoHanapTHCTCKii Ae- 6nvTaTB 9maccepio Baecb npeAaoxpme o njiefiHCHHTi. BonanapmcTu BHJChjH, 1TO OHH CJHIDE0Mb CJia u AAH BHAKOft pOAH, H ATO HIT. H.liaHie c.iiiuiKOMT. inaTKo; nosTOny ohh Cb oco6enno8 nacroftAHBOCTbio B3UBa.in Kb HeoCxOJHMOCTH B033UaHin Eb KapOAY. C l DpHAHAeCBOft TOAKH 3piH18 6ohh <5uah npasti, h o mmioiia.u,noe cofipaaie, HMiomee HaMipeHie H3ja- 00 6 1,.10BaTB CH BHM 3aKOHH, HO HM' VApeAHTeabHOft BJiacTH: BO $paHI(iH vipeaHTejbHaa n.iacn. Horaa upHimAaewaTb h.th Hapoay, hah rapoABTO na to AeJierHpoBaHHOHy yqpeAHTejibHOMy cofipaniio. Ho OojbniHHCTBo pecuydjiHKannenb nb Aarmyio MHHVTy OTKAOHaaocb OTb btoto Bno.mt. pccnyfijrHKftHcrtaro npHHUHna, B’b BHAy, rjiaBHUMb oOpaaoub, Toro, no 6cxpaiia HaxoAH-’ acb bt. to Bpeua no.yb ynpaB.ienieMb npaBHTe.ibCTna „HpaRCTBOHHaro nopajaa0, aaBKMb mao hhhhctopctbo repuora BpoabH. BcaiiACTBie 9Toro, pecnyfiaHKannH ho .TOBipn.iH no6iAi pecnyfijHKH npa noMomn njeOacuH-ra. 3a HCKAiOTOHieMb HiKOTopuxb 4>paEui@, coctosb- mHXb H8b JHOAeft Bb po ii JlyH Baana, Fpeaw h AP- — Bci ocTaai.nue pecnyOAHKaHitu, TaKb HasuBaeixaa union r^publicaine, upH3Ha.iH yipe- 6AHT6AhHyi> B-iacTb sa imnionaAbHUMb co6paniexb. BcaiACTBie stoto, OHH BH CJIH BOHTpb-UpOA-lOJKt‘Hif. O TOMb, ATO BODpOCb 0 HpOAXeBlH BAacTH Mapma.ia Man.-Marona AoaxeHb piiuaTbca cobh^ctbo cb bn- pa(5oTEo8 yqpeAHTejbHuxb saEOHOBb. 8IIpcAAoacenie IlIaHrapHbe 6uao nepe.WHO Bb BOHMucciio 15-th, H8b xouxb OEaaajiHCb pecnyo-iHBannaMH. Mhhhctph h BpoabH noA&iH Bb OTCTanEy, ho MaKb-MaroHb He Aa.ib ea. DpeACiAaTeae»ib kommecciu fiuxb Ha3HaqcHb Pernm. UpeatAe Bcero kommuccih opHHaaa npeA-io- xenie KasuHipa Ilepne, nofibi . BAaCTb MaKb-Mafona 6biAa npoAoaxeaa Ha 5 A iTb, RaiMHaa cieTb BpeMeHH cb OTEpHTia HOBaro cofipauia, h ATOfilJ OAHOBpeueHHO Cb BTHMb OhlAb BHeceHb BpOeETb HOBbJXb KOHCTH- 6TyuioHHUXb aaKOHOBb. 9to npeAaoxeiiie eomhhccih BHeceHO hao Bb naaaTy AOBaaAAHEOMb Jlafiyxs. OTb hmchh xe MPHbmuRCTiia eomhuccIh qepesb flOKxaATOKa coftpanin npeAaaraaocb npojjHTb noxHOMOiia Map- ma.ia MaEb-MaroHa Ha 10 a i n . co ahh HSAaaia o TOMb satiOHa h Bb -reaenie Tpexb aneft HaanaiHTb ocoCyw EOMMHCciio a-i« pascMOTpiaia npoeBia yqpeAHTeabHHXb sasoHOBb Ha ocHOBaaiH a Bb x y x i npea-io- jKenift, CA'txaRHHXb pantp TbepoMb. Bb BHAy aToft 6opb6u uapTift, MaEb-MaroHb pimHaca BucaasaTbca h BUCKasaaca Bb TOHb cmhc.1*, tto OHb coraaceHb Ha npoa-ieHie ero 8DoaHOMoaift na 7 aiTb, h ato, aai-hHb, cofipaHie nycTb aafiMeTca supa- <Soteo yqpeAHTeabHHXb 3aEOHOBb. BcaiACTBie stoto, 20 HoaOpa 1873 roaa cocTOaaca aaEOHb o TOMb, ato Mapmaay MaKb-MaroHy Bn-bpacTca hcbo.i - HHTeabHaa BaacTb Ba 7 aiT b, icoTopyio OHb AO.ixeiib oTnpaR.iHTb Bb cyn;ecTBy»iHHXb ycaoBiaxb BnpeAB ao HBAaeia RORUXb KOHCTuTynioB-
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