Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

;qod! Hkxr¯lg dk ;g y[s k ^lkIrkfgd erokyk* (o\"kZ % 2] vda l-a 38] 16 eb]Z 1925) esa cyoUr ¯lg ds uke ls Nik FkkA dsoy 17 o\"kZ dqN eghus dh mez esa fgUnh esa fy[kk ;g ys[k Hkxr¯lg dh Hkk\"kk ds vkst vkSj ykfyR; dh ,d felky gSA bl ys[k dh ppkZ ^erokyk* ds lEikndh; deZ ls tqM+s vkpk;Z f'koiwtu lgk; dh Mk;jh esa Hkh feyrh gSA ys[k ls iwoZ ;gk¡ ^vkykspuk* esa çdkf'kr Mk;jh ds ml va'k dks Hkh m¼`r fd;k tk jgk gSA μ l- vkpk;Z f'koiwtu lgk; dh Mk;jh ds va'k (i`\"B 28) 23 ekpZ lUè;k le; lEesyu Hkou ds jaxeap ij ns'kHkDr Hkxr¯lg dh Le`fr esa lHkk gqbZA Hkxr¯lg us ^erokyk* (dydÙkk) esa ,d ys[k fy[kk Fkk_ ftldks l¡okj&lqèkkjdj eSaus Nkik Fkk vkSj mls iqLrd Hk.Mkj }kjk çdkf'kr ^;qod&lkfgR;* esa lax`ghr Hkh eSaus gh fd;k FkkA og ys[k cyoUr ¯lg ds uke ls fy[kk FkkA ØkfUrdkjh ys[k çk;% xqeuke fy[krs FksA ;g jgL; fdlh dks Kkr ughaA og ys[k ;qod&fo\"k;d FkkA og ykgkSj ls mUgksaus Hkstk FkkA vlyh uke dh txg ^cyoUr ¯lg* gh Nkius dks fy[kk FkkA vkykspuk μ 67 @ o\"kZ 32 @ vDVwcj&fnlEcj] 1983 ;qokoLFkk ekuo&thou dk olUrdky gSA mls ikdj euq\"; erokyk gks tkrk gSA gt+kjksa cksry dk u'kk Nk tkrk gSA foèkkrk dh nh gqbZ lkjh 'kfDr;k¡ lgÏ&èkkjk gksdj iQwV iM+rh gSaA enkUèk ekrax dh rjg fujadq'k] o\"kkZdkyhu 'kks.kHkæ dh rjg nq¼Z\"kZ] çy;dkyhu çcy çHkatu dh rjg çp.M] uokxr olUr dh çFke efYydk dfydk dh rjg dksey] Tokykeq[kh dh rjg mPN`[a ky vkjS HkjS oh&lxa hr dh rjg eèkjq ;oq koLFkk gAS mTToy çHkkr dh 'kkHs kk] fLuXèk lUè;k dh NVk] 'kjPpfUædk dh ekèkqjh xzh\"e&eè;kÉ dk mÙkki vkSj Hkkæinh vekoL;k ds v¼Zjk=k dh Hkh\"k.krk ;qokoLFkk esa lfUufgr gSA tSls ØkfUrdkjh ds tsc esa cexksyk] \"kM~;U=kh dh vlVh esa Hkjk&Hkjk;k reapk] fopkj&;k=kk dk igyk iM+ko @ 95

j.k&jl&jfld ohj ds gkFk esa [kM~x] oSls gh euq\"; dh nsg esa ;qokoLFkkA 16 ls 25 o\"kZ rd gkM+&pke ds lUnwd esa lalkjHkj ds gkgkdkjksa dks lesVdj foèkkrk cUn dj nsrkA nl cjl rd ;g >k¡>jh uS;k e¡>èkkj rwi+Qku esa Mxexkrh jgrh gSA ;qokoLFkk ns[kus esa rks 'kL;';keyk olqUèkjk ls Hkh lqUnj gS] ij blds vUnj HkwdEi dh&lh Hk;adjrk Hkjh gqbZ gSA blhfy, ;qokoLFkk esa euq\"; ds fy, dsoy nks gh ekxZ gSa μ og p<+ ldrk gS mUufr ds loksZPp f'k[kj ij] og fxj ldrk gS vèk%ikr ds v¡èksjs [k+Und esaA pkgs rks R;kxh gks ldrk gS ;qod] pkgs rks foyklh cu ldrk gS ;qodA og nsork cu ldrk gS] rks fi'kkp Hkh cu ldrk gSA ogh lalkj dks =kLr dj ldrk gS] ogh lalkj dks vHk;nku ns ldrk gSA lalkj esa ;qod dk gh lkezkT; gSA ;qod ds dh£reku ls lalkj dk bfrgkl Hkjk iM+k gSA ;qod gh j.kp.Mh ds yykV dh js[kk gSA ;qod Lons'k dh ;'k&nqUnqfHk dk rqeqy fuukn gSA ;qod gh Lons'k dh fot;&oSt;Urh dk lqn`<+h n.M gSA og egklkxj dh mÙkky rjaxksa ds leku mí.M gSA og egkHkkjr ds Hkh\"eioZ dh igyh yydkj ds leku fodjky gS] çFke feyu ds LiQhr pqEcu dh rjg ljl gS] jko.k ds vgadkj dh rjg fuHkhZd gS] çÈkn ds lR;kxzg dh rjg n`<+ vkSj vVy gSA vxj fdlh fo'kky ân; dh vko';drk gks] rks ;qodksa ds ân; VVksyksA vxj fdlh vkReR;kxh ohj dh pkg gks] rks ;qodksa ls ek¡xksA jfldrk mlh ds ck¡Vs iM+h gSA Hkkoqdrk ij mlh dk flDdk gSA og NUn% 'kkL=k ls vufHkK gksus ij Hkh çfrHkk'kkyh dfo gSA dfo Hkh mlh ds ân;kjfoUn dk eèkqi gSA og jlksa dh ifjHkk\"kk ugha tkurk] ij og dfork dk lPpk eeZK gSA l`f\"V dh ,d fo\"ke leL;k gS ;qodA bZ'ojh; jpuk&dkS'ky dk ,d mRÑ\"V uewuk gS ;qodA lUè;k le; og unh ds rV ij ?k.Vksa cSBk jgrk gSA f{kfrt dh vksj c<+rs tkus okys jDr&jf'e lw;Znso dks vkÑ\"V us=kksa ls ns[krk jg tkrk gSA ml ikj ls vkrh gqbZ laxhr&ygjh ds eUn çokg esa rYyhu gks tkrk gSA fofp=k gS mldk thouA vn~Hkqr gS mldk lkglA veksèk gS mldk mRlkgA og fuf'pUr g]S vlkoèkku gAS yxu yx x;h] rks jkrHkj tkxuk mlds ck;sa gkFk dk [ksy gS] tsB dh nqigjh pSr dh pk¡nuh gS] lkou&Hkknksa dh >M+h eaxyksRlo dh iq\"io`f\"V gS] 'e'kku dh fuLrCèkrk] m|ku dk fogx&dy& dwtu gSA og bPNk djs rks lekt vkSj tkfr dks mn~cq¼ dj ns] ns'k dh ykyh j[k ys] jk\"Vª dk eq[kksTToy dj ns] cM+s&cM+s lkezkT; myV MkysA ifrrksa ds mRFkku vkSj lalkj ds m¼kjd lw=k mlh ds gkFk esa gSaA og bl fo'kky fo'o&jaxLFky dk fl¼gLr f[kykM+h gSA vxj jDr dh HksaV pkfg,] rks flok ;qod ds dkSu nsxk\\ vxj rqe cfynku pkgrs gks] rks rqEgsa ;qod dh vksj ns[kuk iM+sxkA çR;sd tkfr ds HkkX;foèkkrk 96 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

;qod gh rks gksrs gSaA ,d ik'pkR; if.Mr us Bhd dgk gS μ It is an established truism that youngmen of today are the Countrymen of tomorrow holding in their hands the high destinies of the Land. They are the seeds that spring and bear fruit. HkkokFkZ ;g fd vkt ds ;qod gh dy ds ns'k ds HkkX;&fuekZrk gSaA os gh Hkfo\"; ds liQyrk ds cht gSaA lalkj ds bfrgklksa ds iUus [kksydj ns[k yks] ;qod ds jDr ls fy[ks gq, vej lUns'k Hkjs iM+s gSaA lalkj dh ØkfUr;ksa vkSj ifjorZuksa ds o.kZu Nk¡V Mkyks] muesa dsoy ,sls ;qod gh feysaxs] ftUgsa cqf¼ekuksa us ^ikxy NksdM+s* vFkok ^iFk&Hkz\"V* dgk gSA ij tks flM+h gSa] os D;k [k+kd le>saxs fd Lons'kkfHkeku ls mUeÙk gksdj viuh yksFkksa ls fo+Qys dh [kkb;ksa dks ikV nsus okys tkikuh ;qod fdl i+QkSykn ds VqdM+s FksA lPpk ;qod rks fcuk f>>d ds e`R;q dk vk¯yxu djrk gS] pks[kh laxhuksa ds lkeus Nkrh [kksydj MV tkrk gS] rksi ds eq¡g ij cSBdj Hkh eqLdqjkrk gh jgrk gS] csfM+;ksa dh >udkj ij jk\"Vªh; xku xkrk gS vkSj iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij vV~VgkliwoZd vk:<+ gks tkrk gSA iQk¡lh ds fnu ;qod dk gh ot+u c<+rk gS] tsy dh pDdh ij ;qod gh mn~cksèku&eU=k xkrk gS] dkydksBjh ds vUèkdkj eas èk¡ldj gh og Lons'k dks vUèkdkj ds chp ls mckjrk gSA vesfjdk ds ;qod&ny ds usrk ^iSfVªd gsujh* us viuh vkstfLouh oDr`rk esa ,d ckj dgk Fkk μ Life is dearer outside the prisonwalls, but it is immeasurably dearer within the prison-cells, where it is the price paid for the freedom's fight. vFkkZr tsy dh nhokjksa ls ckgj dh ft+Unxh cM+h eg¡xh gS] ij tsy dh dky&dksBfj;ksa dh ft+Unxh vkSj Hkh eg¡xh gS_ D;ksafd ogk¡ ;g LorU=krk&laxzke ds ewY;&:i esa pqdk;h tkrh gSA tc ,slk ltho usrk gS] rHkh rks vesfjdk ds ;qodksa esa ;g ToyUr ?kks\"k.kk djus dk lkgl Hkh gS fd] \"We believe that when a Government becomes a destructive of the natural right of man, it is the man's duty to destroy that Government. vFkkZr vesfjdk ds ;qod fo'okl djrs gSa fd tUefl¼ vfèkdkjksa dks in&nfyr djus okyh lÙkk dk fouk'k djuk euq\"; dk dÙkZO; gAS ,s Hkkjrh; ;qod! rw D;ksa xi+Qyr dh uhan esa iM+k cs[k+cj lks jgk gS! mB] vk¡[ksa [kksy] ns[k] çkph&fn'kk dk yykV flUnwj&jaftr gks mBkA vc vfèkd er lksA lksuk gks rks vuUr fuæk dh xksn esa tkdj lks jgA dkiq#\"krk ds ØksM+ esa D;ksa lksrk gS\\ ek;k&eksg&eerk R;kxdj xjt mB μ \"Farewell Farewell My true Love The army is on Move; fopkj&;k=kk dk igyk iM+ko @ 97

And if I stayed with you Love, A coward I shall prove.\" rsjh ekrk] rsjh çkr% Lej.kh;k] rsjh ije oUnuh;k] rsjh txnEck] rsjh vUuiw.kkZ] rsjh f=k'kwyèkkfj.kh] rsjh ¯lgokfguh] rsjh 'kL;';keykapyk vkt iQwV&iQwVdj jks jgh gSA D;k mldh fodyrk rq>s rfud Hkh papy ugha djrh\\ fèkDdkj gS rsjh futhZork ij! rsjs firj Hkh ureLrd gSa bl uiqalRo ij! ;fn vc Hkh rsjs fdlh vax esa Vqd g;k cko+Qh gks] rks mBdj ekrk ds nwèk dh ykt j[k] mlds m¼kj dk chM+k mBk] mlds vk¡lqvksa dh ,d&,d cw¡n dh lkSxUèk ys] mldk csM+k ikj dj vkSj cksy eqDr d.B ls μ oUnsekrjeA 98 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

III. fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnkys u



gkys h ds fnu jDr ds NhVa s ?kj ls Hkkxdj Hkxr¯lg dkuiqj pys x;sA ogk¡ os x.ks'k'kadj fo|kFkhZ ds lkIrkfgd ^çrki* ds lEikndh; foHkkx esa dke djus yxsA dkuiqj esa gh ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ls muds xgjs lEcUèk cusA f'ko oekZ] t;nso diwj] cVqds'oj nÙk] fot;dqekj flUgk o ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds vU; lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk jktuhfrd cglsa vkSj vè;;u pyrk jgkA iatkc esa cCcj vdkyh vkUnksyu py jgk FkkA ml vkUnksyu ds Ng dk;ZdrkZvksa dh iQk¡lh ij ^,d iatkch ;qod* ds uke ls 15 ekpZ] 1926 ds ^çrki* eas ;g y[s k fgUnh eas Nik FkkA ml vkUnkys u dh tkudkjh rks y[s k ls feyrh gh gS] lk<+s vBkjg o\"khZ; Hkxr¯lg dh ekufld ifjiDork Hkh bl ys[k ls >ydrh gSA μ l- gksyh ds fnu μ 27 i+Qjojh] 1926 ds fnu] tc ge yksx [ksy&dwn esa O;Lr gks jgs Fks] mlh le; bl fo'kky çns'k ds ,d dksus esa ,d Hkh\"k.k dk.M fd;k tk jgk FkkA lquksxs rks flgj mBksxs! dk¡i mBksxs!! ykgkjS ls.Vªy tsy esa Bhd mlh fnu Ng cCcj vdkyh ohj iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;s x;sA Jh fd'ku ¯lg th xM+xTt] Jh lUr ¯lg th] Jh fnyhi ¯lg th] Jh uUn ¯lg th] Jh dje ¯lg th o Jh èkje ¯lg th yxHkx nks o\"kZ ls vius blh vfHk;ksx esa tks mis{kk] tks ykijokgh fn[kk jgs Fks] mlh ls tkuk tk ldrk Fkk fd os bl fnu dh çrh{kk fdrus pko ls djrs FksA eghuksa ckn tt egksn; us i+QSlyk lquk;kA ik¡p dks iQk¡lh] cgqrksa dks dkykikuh vFkok ns'k&fudkyk vkSj yEch&yEch o+SQnsaA vfHk;qDr ohj xjt mBsA mUgksaus vkdk'k dks vius t;?kks\"kksa ls xqatk;eku dj fn;kA vihy gqbZA ik¡p dh txg Ng e`R;qn.M ds Hkkxh cusA ml fnu lekpkj i<+k fd n;k ds fy, vihy Hksth x;h gS] iatkc lfpo us ?kks\"k.kk dh fd vHkh iQk¡lh ugha nh tk;sxhA çrh{kk Fkh] ijUrq ,dk,d D;k ns[krs gSa fd gksyh ds fnu 'kksdxzLr yksxksa dk ,d NksVk lewg mu ohjksa ds e`r 'koksa dks 'e'kku esa fy;s tk jgk gAS pqipki mudh vUR;sf\"V&fØ;k lekIr gks x;hA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 101

uxj eas ogh èkwe FkhA vkus&tkus okyksa ij mlh çdkj jax Mkyk tk jgk FkkA dSlh Hkh\"k.k mis{kk Fkh! ;fn os iFkHkz\"V Fks rks gksus nks] mUeÙk Fks rks gksus nksA os fuHkhZd ns'kHkDr rks FksA mUgksaus tks dqN fd;k Fkk] bl vHkkxs ns'k ds gh fy, rks fd;k FkkA os vU;k; u lgu dj lds] ns'k dh ifrr voLFkk dks u ns[k lds] fucZyksa ij <k;s tkus okys vR;kpkj muds fy, vlá gks mBs] vke turk dk 'kks\"k.k og cjnk'r u dj lds] mUgksaus yydkjk vkSj os dwn iM+s deZ{ks=k esaA os ltho Fks] os ln`'k FksA deZ{ks=k dh Hkh\"k.krs! èkU; gS rw!! e`R;q ds i'pkr fe=k&'k=kq lc leku gks tkrs gSa] ;g vkn'kZ iq#\"kksa dkA vxj mUgksaus dksbZ ?k`f.kr dk;Z fd;k Hkh gks] rks Lons'k ds pj.kksa esa ftl lkgl vkSj rRijrk ls mUgksaus vius çk.k p<+k fn;s] mls ns[krs gq, rks mudh iwtk dh tkuh pkfg,A Jh VsxkMZ egksn; foi{kh ny ds gksus ij Hkh trhu eqdthZ] caxky ds ohj ØkfUrdkjh] dh e`R;q ij 'kksd çdV djrs gq, mudh ohjrk] ns'kçse vkSj deZ'khyrk dh eqDr d.B ls ç'kalk dj ldrs gSa] ijUrq ge] dk;j uji'kq] ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh vkuUn&foykl NksM+ ohjksa dh e`R;q ij vkg rd Hkjus dk lkgl ugha djrsA fdruh fujk'kktud ckr gS! mu x+jhcksa dk tks vijkèk ukSdj'kkgh dh n`f\"V esa Fkk] mldk mUgksaus i;kZIr n.M] Øwj ukSdj'kkgh dh Hkh n`f\"V esa ik fy;kA bl Hkh\"k.k nq[kkUr ukVd dk ,d vkSj ioZ lekIr gks x;kA vHkh ;ofudk&iru ugha gqvk gSA ukVd vHkh dqN fnu vkSj Hkh\"k.k n`'; fn[kk;sxkA dFkk yEch gS] lquus ds fy, t+jk nwj rd ihNs eqM+uk gksxkA vlg;ksx vkUnksyu iwjs ;kSou ij FkkA iatkc fdlh ls ihNs ugha jgkA iatkc esa flD[k Hkh mBs] cM+h xgjh uhan ls mBs vkSj mBs [+kwc t+ksjksa ds lkFkA vdkyh vkUnksyu 'kq: gqvkA cfynkuksa dh yM+h yx x;hA ekLVj eksrk ¯lg] [kkylk fefMy Ldwy] ekgyiqj] ft+yk gksf'k;kjiqj] ds HkwriwoZ ekLVj egksn; us ,d O;k[;ku fn;kA mudk okj.V fudykA ijUrq lezkV dk vkfrF; mUgsa Lohdkj u FkkA ;ksa gh tsyksa esa pys tkus ds os fojksèkh FksA muds O;k[;ku fiQj Hkh gksrs jgsA dksV iQrwgh uked xzke esa Hkkjh nhoku gqvk] iqfyl us pkjksa vksj ls ?ksjk Mkyk] fiQj Hkh ekLVj eksrk ¯lg us O;k[;ku fn;kA vUr esa çèkku dh vkKk ls lHkh n'kZd mB x;sA ekLVj th u tkus fdèkj igq¡psA cgqr fnuksa rd blh rjg ;g vk¡[kfepkSuh dk [ksy gksrk jgkA ljdkj ckS[kyk mBhA vUr esa ,d getksyh us èkks[kk fn;k vkSj Ms<+ o\"kZ ckn ,d fnu ekLVj lkgc idM+ fy;s x;sA ;g igyk n`'; Fkk ml Hk;kud ukVd dkA xq# dk ckx+ vkUnksyu 'kq: gqvkA fugRFks ohjksa ij ftl le; HkkM+s ds VV~Vw VwV iM+rs] mUgsa ekj&ekjdj vèkejk&lk dj nsrs] ns[kus&lquus okyksa esa ls dkSu gksxk tks æfor u gks mBk gks! pkjksa vksj fxjÝ+rkfj;ksa dh èkwe FkhA ljnkj fd'ku 102 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

¯lg xM+xTt ds uke Hkh okj.V fudykA exj os Hkh rks mlh ny ds FksA mUgksaus Hkh fxjÝ+rkj gksuk Lohdkj ugha fd;kA iqfyl gkFk èkksdj ihNs iM+ x;h] ij fiQj Hkh os cprs gh jgsA mudk laxfBr fd;k gqvk viuk ,d ØkfUrdkjh ny FkkA fugRFkksa ij fd;s tkus okys vR;kpkj dks os lgu u dj ldsA bl 'kkfUriw.kZ vkUnksyu ds lkFk&lkFk mUgksaus 'kL=kksa dk ç;ksx Hkh t+:jh le>kA ,d vksj dqÙks] f'kdkjh dqÙks] mudks [kkst fudkyus ds fy, lw¡?krs fiQjrs Fks] nwljh vksj fu'p; gqvk fd [+kq'kkefn;ksa (>ksyhpqDdksa) dk lqèkkj fd;k tk;sA ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg th dgrs Fks] viuh j{kk ds fy, gesa l'kL=k t+:j jguk pkfg,] ij vHkh dksbZ vkSj o+Qne u mBkuk pkfg,A ijUrq cgqer nwljh vksj FkkA vUr eas iQ+ lS yk gvq k fd rhu O;fDr vius uke ?kkfs \"kr dj nas vkjS lkjh ftE+ ens kjh vius Åij ys yas rFkk >kys hpDq dkas dk lèq kkj 'k:q dj nAas Jh deZ ¯lg] Jh èkUuk ¯lg rFkk Jh mn; ¯lg th vkxs c<+sA ;g mfpr Fkk vFkok vuqfpr] bls ,d vksj gVkdj t+jk ml le; dh dYiuk rks dhft;s] tc bu uohu ohjksa us 'kiFk yh Fkh μ ^ge ns'k&lsok esa viuk loZLo U;ksNkoj dj nsaxs] ge çfrKk djrs gSa fd yM+rs&yM+rs ej tk;saxs] exj tsy tkuk eaT+kwj u djsaxsA* ftUgksaus vius ifjokj dk eksg R;kx fn;k Fkk os yksx tc ,slh 'kiFk ys jgs Fk]s ml le; dlS k lUq nj] eukjs e] ifo=krk ls ifjifw jr n`'; jgk gkxs k! vkReR;kx dh ijkdk\"Bk dgk¡ gS\\ lkgl vkSj fuHkhZdrk dh lhek fdl vksj gS\\ vkn'kZijk;.krk dh pjerk dk fuokl fdèkj gS\\ ';ke pqjklh] gksf'k;kjiqj czkap jsyos ykbu ds ,d LVs'ku ds fudV lcls igys ,d lwcsnkj ij gkFk lki+Q fd;k x;kA mlds ckn bu rhuksa O;fDr;ksa us vius uke Hkh ?kksf\"kr dj fn;sA ljdkj us iwjh rko+Qr yxkdj bUgsa idM+us dh dksf'k'k dh] exj liQyrk u feyhA #M+dh dyk¡ esa ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg xM+xTt f?kj x;sA muds lkFk ,d vkSj ;qod Hkh Fkk tks ogha ?kk;y gksdj idM+k x;kA ijUrq fd'ku ¯lg ogk¡ ls Hkh vius 'kL=kksa dh lgk;rk ls cp fudysA jkLrs esa mUgsa ,d lkèkq feykA mlus mUgsa crk;k fd mlds ikl ,d ,slh cwVh gS fd ftldh lgk;rk ls eupkgk dke vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA Hkze esa iQ¡ldj ,d fnu os vius 'kL=k j[kdj blh lkèkq ds ikl x;sA dqN nokbZ jxM+us dks nsdj lkèkq cwVh ysus x;k vkSj iqfyl dks ys vk;kA ljnkj lkgc idM+ fy;s x;sA og lkèkq lh-vkbZ-Mh- foHkkx dk lc&baLisDVj FkkA cCcj vdkyh ohjksa us viuk dke [+kwc t+ksjksa ds lkFk 'kq: dj fn;kA fdrus gh ljdkj ds lgk;d ekj Mkys x;sA nksvkc μ O;kl vkSj lryqt ds chp esa] tkyUèkj vkSj gksf'k;kjiqj dk ft+yk igys gh Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd ekufp=k esa fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 103

çfl¼ gSA 1915 ds 'kghnksa esa Hkh vfèkdrj bUgha ft+yksa ds yksx FksA vc fiQj ogha ij èkwe ephA iqfyl foHkkx us lkjh 'kfDr [k+pZ dj nh] ijUrq dqN u cu iM+kA tkyUèkj ls dqN nwj ,d fcYdqy NksVh&lh unh gSA mlds fdukjs ,d xk¡o esa ^pkSarklkgc* uked xq#}kjk gSA mlesa Jh deZ ¯lg th] Jh èkUuk ¯lg th] Jh mn; ¯lg th rFkk Jh vuwi ¯lg th nks&,d vkSj O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk cSBs Fks] pk; cukus dh rS;kfj;k¡ gks jgh FkhaA cSBs&cSBs Jh èkUuk ¯lg us dgk] ^ckck deZ ¯lg th! gesa ;gk¡ ls vHkh blh oD+r py nsuk pkfg,A eq>s fdlh cqjh ?kVuk gksus dk&lk vkHkkl gks jgk gSA* 75 o\"kZ ds cw<+s deZ ¯lg us bl ckr ij rfud Hkh è;ku ugha fn;kA ij Jh èkUuk ¯lg vius lkFk 18 o\"khZ; fnyhi ¯lg dks ysdj pys gh x;sA cSBs&cSBs ckck deZ ¯lg us Jh vuwi ¯lg dh vksj cM+s x+kSj ls ns[kdj dgk μ ^vuwi ¯lg] rqe vPNs vkneh gks]* exj blds ckn mUgksaus [+kqn Hkh bl ckr ij è;ku ugha fn;kA ckrsa vHkh gks jgh Fkha fd lpeqp gh iqfyl vk èkedhA lkjs ce Jh vuwi ¯lg ds o+QCt+s esa FksA ;s lc yksx mBdj xk¡oksa esa fNi x;sA iqfyl us yk[k flj ekjk] ij foiQy jghA vUr esa iqfyl dh vksj ls ,d ?kks\"k.kk dh x;hA ckfx;ksa dks fudkyks] ojuk xk¡o esa vkx yxk nh tk;sxhA ij xk¡o okys fopfyr ugha gq,A voLFkk dks ns[kdj os lc [+kqn gh ckgj fudy iM+sA lkjs ce vuwi ¯lg ys Hkkxk vkSj tkdj vkReleiZ.k dj fn;kA 'ks\"k pkj O;fDr ogha ij f?kjs gq, [kM+s FksA iqfyl ds vaxzst+ dIrku us dgk] ^deZ ¯lg! gfFk;kj NksM+ nks] rqEgsa eki+Q dj fn;k tk;sxkA* ohj us yydkjdj tokc fn;k μ ^ge vius ns'k ds fy, lPps ØkfUrdkjh dh rjg yM+rs&yM+rs 'kghn gks tk;saxs] ij gfFk;kj ugha Mky ldrsA* mUgksaus vius rhuksa lkfFk;ksa dks yydkjkA os ¯lg dh rjg xjt mBsA yM+kbZ fNM+ x;hA [+kwc nuknu xksfy;k¡ pyhaA xksyh&ck:n lekIr gksus ij os ohj ikuh esa dwn iM+s vkSj ?k.Vksa xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ gksrs jgus ij ;s pkjksa ohj LoxZèkke flèkkj x;sA Jh deZ ¯lg dh vk;q 75 o\"kZ dh FkhA og dukMk esa jg pqds FksA mudk vkpj.k ifo=k vkSj pfj=k vkn'kZ FkkA ljdkj us le>k] cCcj vdkyh [k+Re gks x;s] ijUrq os mUufr dj jgs FksA 18 o\"kh;Z fnyhi ¯lg ,d vR;Ur lqUnj] lqn`<+] â\"V&iq\"V] ij vf'kf{kr uo;qod Fks] vkSj mudk Mkdqvksa dk lkFk gks x;k FkkA èkUuk ¯lg th dh f'k{kk us mUgsa Mkdqvksa ls ,d lPpk ØkfUrdkjh cuk fn;kA mèkj ljnkj cUrk ¯lg vkSj ofj;ke ¯lg vkfn dbZ çfl¼ Mkdw Mkdst+uh NksM+dj buesa vk feysA bu lceas e`R;q dk Mj ugha FkkA ;s vius fiNys ddq ek±s dks èkks Mkyuk pkgrs FksA budh la[;k mÙkjksÙkj c<+rh tk jgh FkhA ,d fnu ekugkuk uked xk¡o esa 104 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

èkUuk ¯lg cSBs Fks] iqfyl cqyk yh x;hA u'ks esa pwj èkUuk ¯lg cSBs gh idM+ fy;s x;sA mudk Hkjk gqvk fiLrkSy Nhudj gkFkksa esa gFkdM+h yxk nh x;h vkSj mUgas ckgj yk;k x;kA ckjg lkèkkj.k flikgh vkjS nks vxa tsz + vkfW iQ+ lj mudks ?kjs dj [kM+s gks x;sA Bhd mlh le; èkekds dh vkokt+ gqbZA èkUuk ¯lg th us ce pyk fn;k FkkA blls os Lo;a Hkh ejs vkSj lkFk gh ,d vaxzst+ vkWfi+Qlj vkSj nl flikghA cko+Qh ds yksx cqjh rjg ?kk;y gq,A blh rjg eq.Msj uked xk¡o esa cSBs gq, cUrk ¯lg] Tokyk ¯lg vkfn dbZ yksx f?kj x;sA ;s lc Nr ij cSBs gq, FksA xksyh pyh] dqN nsj rd vPNh >M+i gksrh jgh] ij iqfyl us iEi ls feV~Vh dk rsy fNM+ddj ?kj esa vkx yxk nhA fiQj Hkh ofj;ke ¯lg cp fudys] ijUrq cUrk ¯lg ogha ekjs x;sA vxj blls igys dh ,d&nks vU; ?kVukvksa dk o.kZu dj fn;k tk;s rks vufq pr u gkxs kA cUrk ¯lg cMs+ lkglh i#q \"k FkAs ,d ckj] 'kk;n tkyUèkj Nkouh tkdj fjlkys esa igjs ij [kM+s gq, flikgh dh ?kksM+h rFkk jk;i+Qy os Nhu yk;s FksA bu fnuksa] tcfd iqfyl ds nLrs ds nLrs budh ryk'k esa ekjs&ekjs fiQjrs Fks] dgha taxy esa fdlh nLrs ls budh HksaV gks x;hA ljnkj cUrk ¯lg us i+QkSju pqukSrh nh μ ^vxj fgEer gks rks nks&nks gkFk dj yks]* ijUrq ml vksj rks Fks iSls ds Xk+ yq ke vkjS bl vkjs vkRekRs lxZ ds bPNdq A ryq uk dlS s gks ldrh gAS flikfg;kas dk nLrk pqipki pyk x;kA bu yksxksa dks idM+us ds fy, [k+klrkSj ls iqfyl fu;qDr dh x;h FkhA vkSj mldh Fkh ;g n'kk! [k+Sj] fxjÝ+rkfj;ksa dh Hkjekj FkhA xk¡o&xk¡o esa iqfyl dh rkthjh pkSfd;k¡ fcBk;h tkus yxhaA èkhjs&èkhjs cCcj vdkfy;ksa dk t+ksj de gksus yxkA vc rd rks ekuks bUgha dk jkT; FkkA tgk¡ tkrs] dqN yksx g\"kZ vkSj pko l]s dNq Hk; vkjS =kkl ls budh [k+ cw vkoHkxr djrAs ljdkj ds lgk;d ,dne iLr gq, cSBs FksA lw;ksZn; ds igys lw;ksZn; ds ckn ?kj ls fudyus dk lkgl gh mUgsa u gksrk FkkA ;s mu fnuksa ds ^ghjks* le>s tkrs FksA os ohj Fks vkSj mudh itw k ohj&itw k le>h tkrh FkhA ijUrq èkhj&s èkhjs mudk tk+ js [kR+ e gks x;kA ldS Mk+ as idM+s x;s] eqo+Qnes 'kq: gq,A ofj;ke ¯lg vdys s cps FkAs tkyUèkj] gkfs 'k;kjijq eas ifq yl dk vfèkd tk+ js ns[kdj os nwj yk;yiqj esa tk jgs FksA ogk¡ ij ,d fnu fcYdqy f?kj x;s] exj [+kwc 'kku ds lkFk yM+rs gq, cp fudys] ysfdu cgqr Fkd x;s FksA dksbZ lkFkh Hkh u FkkA n'kk cM+h fofp=k FkhA ,d fnu <s¯l;k uked xk¡o esa vius ekek ds ikl x;sA 'kL=k ckgj j[ks FksA 'kke dks Hkkstu djus ds ckn vius 'kL=kksa ds ikl tk jgs Fks fd iqfyl vk igq¡phA fiQj f?kj x;sA vaxzst+ uk;d us mUgsa ihNs ls tk idM+kA mUgksaus Ñik.k ls gh mls cqjh rjg ?kk;y dj fn;kA fiQj os uhps fxj fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 105

x;As gFkdMh+ igukus dh lkjh p\"s Vk,¡ foiQy gbq ±A nks o\"kZ ds i.w kZ neu ds i'pkr vdkyh tRFks dk vUr gqvkA mèkj eqo+Qnek pyus yxk] ftldk ifj.kke Åij fy[kk tk pqdk gSA vHkh ml fnu bu yksxksa us 'kh?kz iQk¡lh ij p<+k;s tkus dh bPNk çdV dh FkhA mudh og bPNk iwjh gks x;hA os 'kkUr gks x;sA 106 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dkdkjs h ds ohjkas ls ifjp; 9 vxLr] 1925 dks 'kghn jkeçlkn fcfLey] v'ki+Qko+QmYyk vkSj muds vU; ØkfUrdkjh lkfFk;ksa us ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds fy, èku bdV~Bk djus ds mís'; ls y[kuÅ ds o+Qjhc dkdksjh ds ikl jsyxkM+h jksd ljdkjh [k+t+kuk ywVkA blds ckn pUæ'ks[kj vkt+kn ds vykok cko+Qh lHkh ØkfUrdkjh idM+s x;sA Hkxr¯lg Hkh rc dkuqij fuokl ds le; fgUnqLrku fjifCydu ikVhZ esa Hkjrh gks pqds FksA ^foæksgh* uke ls ebZ] 1927 esa Hkxr¯lg us ^dkdksjh ds ohjksa ls ifjp;* 'kh\"kZd ys[k iatkch esa Niok;kA ml ys[k ds Nirs gh Hkxr¯lg dks fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;k x;kA pkjikbZ ij gFkdM+h yxs cSBs Hkxr¯lg dk çfl¼ fp=k blh fxjÝ+rkjh ds le; fy;k x;kA blls igys Hkxr¯lg iatkc ykSVdj 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky dh iqLrd ^cUnh thou* dk iatkch vuqokn Niok pqds FksA μ l- igys ^fdjrh* (iatkch if=kdk) esa dkdksjh ls lEcfUèkr dqN fy[kk tk pqdk gSA vkt ge dkdksjh \"kM~;U=k vkSj mu ohjksa ds lEcUèk esa dqN fy[ksaxs ftUgsa ml lEcUèk esa dM+h lt+k,¡ feyh gSaA 9 vxLr] 1925 dks ,d NksVs&ls LVs'ku dkdksjh ls ,d iSlsatj Vªsu pyhA ;g LVs'ku y[kuÅ ls vkB ehy dh nwjh ij gSA Vsªu ehy&Ms<+ ehy pyh gksxh fd lsds.M Dykl esa cSBs gq, rhu ukStokuksa us xkM+h jksd yh vkSj nwljksa us feydj xkM+h esa tk jgk ljdkjh [k+t+kuk ywV fy;kA mUgksaus igys gh t+ksj ls vkokt+ nsdj lHkh ;kf=k;ksa dks le>k fn;k Fkk fd os Mjsa ugha] D;ksafd mudk mís'; ;kf=k;ksa dks rax djus dk ugha] fli+QZ ljdkjh [k+t+kuk ywVus dk gSA [k+Sj] os xksfy;k¡ pykrs jgsA og (dksbZ ;k=kh) vkneh xkM+h ls mrj iM+k vkSj xksyh yx tkus ls ej x;kA ljdkjh vfèkdkjh gkVZu] lh-vkbZ-Mh- bldh tk¡p esa yxkA mls igys ls gh ;o+Qhu gks x;k Fkk fd ;g Mkdk ØkfUrdkjh tRFks dk dke gSA mlus lHkh lfUnXèk O;fDr;ksa dh Nku&chu 'kq: dj nhA brus esa ØkfUrdkjh tRFks dh jkT; ifj\"kn dh ,d cSBd esjB esa gksuh r; gqbZA ljdkj dks bldk irk py x;kA ogk¡ [+kwc Nkuchu dh x;hA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 107

fiQj flrEcj ds vUr esa gkVZu us fxjÝ+rkfj;ksa ds okj.V tkjh fd;s vkSj 26 flrEcj dks cgqr&lh rykf'k;k¡ yh x;ha vkSj cgqr&ls O;fDr idM+ fy;s x;sA dqN ugha idM+s x;sA muesa ls ,d Jh jktsUæ ykfgM+h nf{k.ks'oj ce dsl esa idM+s x;s vkSj ogha mUgsa nl cjl o+SQn gks x;hA vkSj Jh v'ki+Qko+QmYyk vkSj 'kphUæ c['kh ckn esa idM+s x;s] ftu ij vyx eqo+Qnek pykA tt ds i+QSlys ls ;g irk pyrk gS fd vlg;ksx vkUnksyu nc tkus ls ns'kHkDr ;qodksa dk 'kkfUr ls fo'okl mB x;k vkSj mUgksaus ;qxkUrj ny LFkkfir fd;kA Jh tksxs'kpUæ pV~Vksikè;k; caxky ls bl ny dk laxBu cukus ;w-ih- vk;s vkSj iDdk dke dj flrEcj] 1924 esa ykSV x;sA ml le; caxky esa vk£Musal ikl gks pqdk Fkk vkjS vki ykVS rs gh gkoM+k iqy ij idM+s x;sA ryk'kh ysus ij vkidh tsc ls ,d dkx+t+ feyk] ftl ij ;w-ih- dh jkT; ifj\"kn dh fdlh cSBd dk vkSj ;w-ih- esa vius ny ds laxBu dk gky fy[kk gqvk FkkA [k+jS ] fiQj dke py iM+k vkjS dke pykus dh [k+kfrj dbZ MdfS r;k¡ Hkh dh x;haA tt ds fopkj esa bl ny ds usrk gSa μ Jh 'kphUæukFk lkU;kyA Jh 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky dk uke fdlls fNik gSA vki gh ^cUnh thou* tSlh çfl¼ o 'kkunkj iqLrd ds ys[kd gSaA cukjl ds fuoklh gSa vkSj 1915 ds x+nj vkUnksyu esa vkius [+kwc dke fd;k FkkA vki cukjl \"kM~;U=k ds usrk o Jh jklfcgkjh th dk nk;k¡ gkFk FksA rc mezo+SQn gqbZ Fkh ysfdu 1920 esa NwV x;s FksA fiQj vki vius fiNys dke ij gh tqV x;s vkSj lu~ 1925 ds 'kq: esa ^fn jsoY;w'kujh* ijpk ,d gh fnu esa lkjs fgUnqLrku esa c¡VkA mldh Hkk\"kk o vPNs fopkjksa dh vaxzst+h v[k+ckjksa us Hkh [+kwc rkjhi+Q dh FkhA vki i+Qjojh esa idM+s x;sA vki ij ml lEcUèk esa eqo+Qnek pyk;k x;k vkSj vkidks nks lky o+SQn dh lt+k feyhA ogha ls vkidks dkdksjh ds eqo+Qnes esa ?klhV fy;k x;kA vki cMs+ ft+Unkfny gSaA dksVZ esa Lo;a [+kq'k jguk vkSj nwljksa dks [+kq'k j[kuk gh vkidk dke FkkA vki us viuk ekeyk Lo;a yM+kA tt vkidks gh lcdk xq# dgrk gSA ^cUnh thou* dk xqtjkrh o iatkch esa vuqokn gks pqdk gSA vki vaxzst+h vkSj caxkyh ds mPp dksfV ds ys[kd gSaA vc vkidks nks mezo+SQn gks x;h gSA vkids lkFk vkidk NksVk HkkbZ HkwisUæukFk lkU;ky Hkh ?klhV fy;k x;kA og o+Qjhc ch-,- esa i<+rk FkkA idM+k x;k vkSj mls ik¡p lky dh o+SQn gks x;hA Jh 'kphUæ ds ckn vR;Ur çfl¼ ohj Jh jkeçlkn gSaA vki tSlk lqUnj] et+cwr toku [kkstus ls feyuk Hkh eqf'dy gSA cgqr ;ksX; vkneh gSA fgUnh dk cM+k ys[kd gSA vkius ^dSFkjkbu*] ^cksY'ksfodksa ds dke*] ^eu dh ygj* vkfn vusd iqLrdsa fy[khaA vki mnwZ ds ekus gq, 'kk;j gSaA vkidh mez 28 cjl dh 108 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gSA igys 1919 esa eSuiqjh \"kM~;U=k esa vkids okj.V fudys vkSj vkids xq# Jh xnas kyky th vkfn idMs+ x;]s yfs du vki uis ky dh vkjs pys x;s vkjS ogk¡ cMh+ eqf'dysa lgu dj xqt+kjk djrs jgsA iwjk fnu gy pykuk] dqnky pykuk] esgur&e'kD+o+Qr djuk vkSj jkr esa fli+QZ Ms<+ vkuk ikuk] ftlls isVHkj jksVh Hkh ugha [kk ldrs FksA dbZ ckj rks ?kkl rd [kkuk iM+kA ysfdu et+k ;g] fiQj Hkh cSBdj dfork fy[kuk] vkSj Hkkjrekrk dh ;kn vkSj çse esa vk¡lw cgkus vkSj xhr xkusA ,sls ukStoku dgk¡ ls fey ldrs gSa\\ vki ;q¼&fo|k esa cM+s dq'ky gSa vkSj vkt mUgsa iQk¡lh dk n.M feyus dk dkj.k Hkh cgqr gn rd ;gh gSA bl ohj dks iQk¡lh dk n.M feyk vkSj vki g¡l fn;sA ,slk fuHkhZd ohj] ,slk lqUnj toku] ,slk ;ksX; vkSj mPpdksfV dk ys[kd vkSj fuHkZ; ;ks¼k feyuk eqf'dy gAS rhljs ohj Jh jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h gSaA 24 o\"kZ dk vR;Ur lqUnj toku ,e-,-] cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; dk fo|kFkhZ FkkA tt dgrk gS fd ;g ;qxkUrj ny dk ,d et+cwr LrEHk gSA vki xkM+h jksdus okyksa esa FksA ckgj ls Fkk μ det+ksj lw[kk&lkA dydÙks ds ikl nf{k.ks'oj ce i+QDS Vjh esa idM+k x;k] ogha nl lky o+SQn gqbZA [+kq'kh esa eksVk gksus yxkA dkdksjh ds eqo+Qnes esa rks 'kjhj [+kwc Hkj x;k Fkk vkSj vc iQk¡lh dh lt+k gks x;h gSA ohj jks'ku ¯lg dks Hkh iQk¡lh dh lt+k gqbZ gSA vki igys iqfyl dh enn djrs Fks vkSj cgqr&ls MdSr vkius idM+ok;s FksA vki Hkh iQ¡l x;sA ysfdu dksbZ MdSr rks ugha gSA tt Hkh dgrk gS] ;g ukStoku lPps ns'klsod Fks! vPNk! bl ohj dks Hkh ckj&ckj ueLdkjA blds ckn Jh eUeFkukFk xqIr dh ckjh gSA vki dk'kh fo|kihB ds ch-,- ds fo|kFkhZ FksA 18 cjl dh mez gSA caxkyh] xqtjkrh] ejkBh] mfM+;k] fgUnh] vaxzst+h vkSj ç+Qsp vkfn vusd Hkk\"kk,¡ vkius lh[k yh FkhaA tt us vkidks Hkh MdSfr;ksa esa 'kkfey dj 14 lky dh l[+r lt+k nh gSA vki cM+s fuHkZ; gSa vkSj ;g lt+k lqudj g¡l fn;sA vktdy tsy esa Hkw[k gM+rky fd;s cSBs gSaA vkils x+Sj&ljdkjh lnL; us tsy esa vkdj iwNk fd [kkuk D;ksa ugha [kkrs] rks vkius mÙkj fn;k fd ge eu\"q ; gAaS gekjs lkFk eu\"q ;kas tlS k O;ogkj gkus k pkfg,A eaS ugha le>rk fd bl i'kqvksa tSls O;ogkj dks lgu dj eSa 14 lky rd th ldw¡xkA fry&fry dj ejus ls ,d ckj ej tkuk vPNk gSA vki igys vlg;ksx esa Hkh tsy tk pqds gSaA vc ftl uktS oku dk ft+Ø gksxk mls ;fn ge egkiq#\"k dg nsa rks dqN >wB u gksxkA og ohj Jh tksxs'kpUæ pVthZ gSaA vki dksfeYyk (<kdk) ds jgus okys gSaA og ch-,- esa fi+Qykli+Qh ds fo|kFkhZ FksA çksi+Qslj vki ij cgqr [+kq'k Fks vkSj fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 109

dgrs Fks fd yM+dk cM+k gksugkj gSA ysfdu vkius dkWyst rks D;k] iwjh nqfu;k dh fi+Qykli+Qh ij ykr ekj nh vkSj lcdqN NksM+dj ;qxkUrj ny esa tk feysA vkidks fMi+Qsal vkWi+Q bf.M;k ,DV ds vuqlkj fxjÝ+rkj fd;k x;k vkSj vdFkuh; o vlguh; d\"V fn;s x;sA ,d fnu vkids lj ij ik[kkuk Mky fn;k x;k vkSj pkj fnu rd dksBjh esa cUn j[kk x;kA eq¡g èkksus rd ds fy, ikuh ugha fn;k x;k vkSj cqjh rjg ekj&ekjdj iwjk cnu t+[+eh dj fn;k x;kA ysfdu vkids ikl pqi ls vfèkd D;k j[kk FkkA 1920 esa NwVs rks ,d ekewyh dk;ZdrkZ dh rjg dkaxzsl esa dke djrs jgsA ?kj ls x+jhc gSa] ysfdu viuk ?kj rckg djds Hkh nqfu;k esa lsok gksrh gSA vki 1923 esa ;w-ih- vk;s vkjS fiQj ^;qxkUrj* ny dh uhao j[khA 1924 esa caxky ykVS x;s vkjS idMs+ x;As igys vkidks vk£Mulas ds rgr idMk+ Fkk] fiQj ;gk¡ dkdkjs h yk;k x;kA vkidks nl cjl o+SQn gqbZ gSA csgn [+kwclwjr ukStoku gSaA tt us vkidh cM+h rkjhi+Q dh gSA Jh xksfoUn pj.kdkj mi+QZ Mh-,u- pkSèkjh y[kuÅ ls idM+s x;s FksA vki cgqr iqjkus ØkfUrdkjh gSaA 1918 ;k 1919 esa <kdk esa iqfyl vkidks idM+us vk;hA vkius xksfy;ksa dk tokc xksfy;ksa ls fn;k vkjS xksfy;ksa esa ls yM+rs&yM+krs Hkkx fudy]s yfs du xkfs y;k¡ [kR+ e gks pdq h Fkha vkjS vki ?kk;y gks x;s FkAs idMs+ x;s] dkykikuh feykA 1922 esa cgqr chekj gks x;s Fks] rc NksM+s x;sA 1925 esa fiQj idM+s x;s vkSj vc 10 lky o+SQn gks x;h gSA vc Jh lqjs'kpUæ HkV~Vkpk;Z lEcUèkh dqN fy[ksaxsA vki Hkh cukjl ds jgus okys FksA cukjl \"kM~;U=k ds le; vkidh mez 16 cjl dh Fkh] idM+s x;sA ysfdu dqN çekf.kr u gksus ls NwV x;s vkSj fiQj ut+jcUn dj cqUnsy[k.M esa j[ks x;sA vki fgUnh ds cM+s çfl¼ ys[kd gSaA dkuiqj ds ^çrki* tSls çfl¼ v[k+ckj ds lgk;d lEiknd FksA vki cukjl ls idM+s x;s vkSj vc vkidks lkr lky o+SQn gqbZ gSA vki cgqr lqUnj xkrs gSaA tsy esa vki ;ksxkH;kl djrs FksA Jh jktdqekj dkuiqj ds jgus okys gSaA vki cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; esa ch-,- esa i<+rs FksA idM+s x;sA vkids dejs ls nks jk;i+Qysa fudyhaA cgqr lqUnj xkus okys vkSj ns[kus esa Hkh vki dki+Qh lqUnj gSaA tks'khys cgqr gSaA Jh nkeksnj Lo:i tc cgqr chekj gksus ij Hkh dksVZ esa cqyk;s x;s rks vkidks tks'k vk x;k vkSj vkius tt dks [+kwc lquk;hA tt us dgk fd i+QSlys ds le; rqEgsa bldk et+k p[kk;k tk;sxkA ohj ;qod dks nl lky dh lt+k gks x;h! thou ,d rjg ls rckg gks x;k] ysfdu vki g¡l fn;sA èkU; gSa ;s ohj vkSj bUgsa tUe nsus okyh ohj ekrk,¡A 110 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Jh fo\".kq 'kj.k nqcfyl esjB ds jgus okys gaAS o'S ; vukFkky; ds vèkh{kd FkAs ch-,- eas vlg;kxs dj fn;k x;k Fkk vkjS ejs B dks mUgkuas s nlw jk ckjnkys h cuk fn;k FkkA flfoy ukiQ+ jekuh ds fy, r;S kj gks x;s FkAs cMs+ lUq nj oDrk FkAs vkids ?kj ;qxkUrjdkfj;ksa dh cSBd gqbZ FkhA vkidks lkr lky dh lt+k gks x;h gSA Jh jkenqykjs dks Hkh 7 lky dh lt+k gqbZ gSA vki dkuiqj fuoklh FksA LdkmV ekLVj] dkaxzsl ds tks'khys lsod FksA 6 vçSy dks i+QSlyk lquk;k x;k] ml fnu lHkh ohj xkrs vk;s Fks μ lji+Qjks'kh dh reUuk] vc gekjs fny esa gS] ns[kuk gS t+ksj fdruk ckT+kq&,&o+Qkfry esa gS! lt+k,¡ ykijokgh ls lquha vkSj g¡l fn;sA mlds ckn nq[k dh ?kM+h vk x;hA ftu ohjksa us ,d lkFk leqæ esa fdf'r;k¡ Mkyh Fkha] muds gh vyx gksus dk iy vk x;kA ¶ØkfUrdkjh yksxksa esa tks vxkèk vkSj xEHkhj çse gksrk gS] mls lkèkkj.k nqfu;knkj vkneh vuqHko ugha dj ldrs]¸ Jh jklfcgkjh ds bl okD; dk vFkZ Hkh ge yksx ugha le> ldrsA ftu yksxksa us ^flj j[k ryh çse dh xyh* esa ijS j[k fn;k gks] mudh efgek dks gekjs tlS s fuÑ\"V vkneh D;k le> ldrs gSa\\ mudk ijLij çse fdruk xgu gksrk gS] mls ge lius esa Hkh ugha tku ldrsA Ms<+ lky ls vius thou ds vUèkdkje; Hkfo\"; ds bUrt+kj esa feydj cSBs FksA og iy vk;k] rhu dks iQk¡lh] ,d dks mezo+SQn] ,d dks 14 cjl o+SQn] 4 dks nl cjl o+SQn o ckfo+Q;ksa dks 5 ls 10 lky dh l[+r o+SQn lqukdj tt mUgsa mins'k nsus yxk] ¶vki lPps lsod vkSj R;kxh gksA ysfdu x+yr jkLrs ij pys gkAs ¸ xj+ hc Hkkjr eas gh lPps n's kHkDrkas dk ;g gky gkrs k gAS tt mUgsa vius dkeksa ij iqu£opkj djus dh ckr dg pyrk cuk vkSj fiQj---fiQj D;k gqvk\\ D;k iwNrs gSa\\ tqnkbZ ds iy cM+s cqjs gksrs gSaA ftUgsa iQk¡lh dh lt+k fey x;h] ftUgsa mezHkj ds fy, tsy esa cUn dj fn;k x;k] muds fnyksa dk gky ge ugha le> ldrsA o+Qne&o+Qne ij jksus okys fgUnqLrkuh] ;ksa gh Fkj&Fkj dk¡ius yx tkus okys dk;j fgUnqLrkuh] mUgsa D;k le> ldrs gSa\\ NksVksa us cM+ksa ds iSjksa ij >qddj ueLdkj fd;kA mUgksaus NksVksa dks vk'khokZn fn;k] t+ksj ls xys feys vkSj vkg Hkjdj jg x;sA Hkst fn;s x;sA tkrs gq, Jh jkeçlkn th us cM+s nnZukd ygts esa dgk μ njks&nhokj is gljr ls ut+j djrs gSaA [+kq'k jgks vgys oru ge rks li+Qj djrs gSaA ;g dgdj og yEch] cM+h nwj dh ;k=kk ij pys x;sA njokt+s ls fudyrs le; ml vnkyr ds cM+s Hkkjh jSadu fFk;sVj gky dh Hk;kog pqIih dh ,d vkg Hkjdj rksM+rs gq, mUgksaus fiQj dgk μ fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 111

gk;] ge ftl ij Hkh rS;kj Fks ej tkus dksA thrs th gels NqM+k;k mlh dk'kkus dksA ge yksx ,d vkg Hkjdj le> ysrs gSa fd gekjk i+Qt+Z iwjk gks x;kA gesa vkx ugha yx mBrh] ge rM+i ugha mBrs] ge bruk eqnsZ gks x;s gSaA vkt os Hkw[k&gM+rky dj cSBs gSa vkSj rM+i jgs gSa vkSj ge pqipki lc rek'kk ns[k jgs gSaA bZ'oj mUgsa cy o 'kfDr ns fd os ohjrk ls vius fnu iwjs djsa vkSj mu ohjksa ds cfynku jax yk;saA ys[kd ^foæksgh* 112 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dkdkjs h ds 'kghnkas dh iQkl¡ h ds gkykr tuojh] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa Hkxr¯lg us ,d vkSj ys[k dkdksjh ds 'kghnksa ds ckjs esa ^foæksgh* ds uke ls fy[kkA μ l- ^fdjrh* ds ikBdksa dks igys fdlh vad esa ge dkdksjh ds eqo+Qnes ds gkykr crk pqds gSaA vc bu pkj ohjksa dks iQk¡lh fn;s tkus dk gky crkrs gSaA 17 fnlEcj] 1927 dks Jh jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h dks xks.Mk tsy esa iQk¡lh nh x;h vkSj 19 fnlEcj] 1927 dks Jh jkeçlkn ^fcfLey* dks xksj[kiqj tsy esa] Jh v'ki+Qko+QmYyk dks i+QSt+kckn tsy esa vkSj Jh jks'ku ¯lg th dks bykgkckn tsy esa iQk¡lh p<+k fn;k x;kA bl eqo+Qnes ds ls'ku tt fe- gsfeYVu us i+QSlyk nsrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ;s ukStoku ns'kHkDr gSa vkSj bUgksaus vius fdlh ykHk ds fy, dqN Hkh ugha fd;k vkSj ;fn ;s ukStoku vius fd;s ij i'pkrki djsa rks mudh lt+kvksa esa fj;k;r dh tk ldrh gSA mu pkjksa ohjksa }kjk bl vk'k; dh ?kks\"k.kk Hkh gqbZ] ysfdu mUgsa iQk¡lh fn;s cx+Sj Mk;u ukSdj'kkgh dks pSu dSls iM+rkA vihy esa cgqr&ls yksxksa dh lt+k,¡ c<+k nh x;haA fiQj u rks xouZj vkSj u gh ok;ljk; us mudh tokuh dh vksj è;ku fn;k vkSj fçoh dkSafly us mudh vihy lquus ls igys gh [k+kfjt dj nhA ;w-ih- dkSafly ds cgqr&ls lnL;ksa] vlsEcyh vkSj dkSafly vkSj LVsV ds cgqr&ls lnL;ksa us ok;ljk; dks mudh tokuh ij n;k djus dh nj[+okLr nh] ysfdu gksuk D;k Fkk\\ muds brus gkFk&ik¡o ekjus dk dksbZ ifj.kke u fudykA ;w-ih- dkSafly ds Lojkt ikVhZ ds usrk Jh xksfoUn oYyHk iUr muds ekeys ij cgl ds fy, viuk er ok;ljk; vkSj ykV lkfgc dks Hkstus ds fy, 'kksj epk jgs FksA igys rks çsftMs.V lkfgc gh vuqefr ugha ns jgs Fks] ysfdu cgqr&ls lnL;ksa us feydj dgk rks lkseokj dks cgl ds fy, btkt+r feyh] ysfdu fiQj NksVs vaxzst+ vè;{k us] tks ml le; vè;{k dk dke dj jgk Fkk] lkseokj dks dkSafly dh NqV~Vh gh dj fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 113

nhA gkse esEcj uokc NÙkkjh ds nj ij tk fpYyk;s] ysfdu muds dkuksa ij tw¡ rd u ljdhA vkSj dkSafly esa muds lEcUèk esa ,d 'kCn Hkh u dgk tk ldk vkSj mUgsa iQk¡lh ij yVdk gh fn;k x;kA blh Øksèk esa uhprk ds lkFk :lh t+kj vkSj ç+Qkalhlh yqbl ckn'kkg gksugkj ;qodksa dks iQk¡lh ij yVdk&yVdkdj fnyksa dh HkM+kl fudkyrs jgs ysfdu muds jkT;ksa dh uhaosa [kks[kyh gks x;h Fkha vkSj muds r[+rs iyV x;sA blh x+yr rjho+Qs dk vkt fiQj bLrseky gks jgk gSA ns[ksa ;fn bl ckj budh eqjknsa iwjh gksaA uhps ge mu pkjksa ohjksa ds gkykr la{ksi esa fy[krs gSa] ftlls ;g irk pys fd ;s vewY; jRu ekSr ds lkeus [kM+s gksrs gq, Hkh fdl cgknqjh ls g¡l jgs FksA Jh jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h vki fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; cukjl ds ,e-,- ds Nk=k FkAs 1925 eas dydÙks ds ikl nf{k.ks'oj ce i+QSDVjh idM+h x;h Fkh] mlesa vki Hkh idM+s x;s Fks vkSj vkidks lkr cjl dh o+SQn gks x;h FkhA ogha ls vkidks y[kuÅ yk;k x;k vkSj dkdksjh dsl esa vkidks iQk¡lh dh lt+k ns nh x;hA vkidks ckjkcadh vkSj xks.Mk tsyksa esa j[kk x;kA vki ekSr dks lkeus ns[k ?kcjkrs ugha Fks] cfYd ges'kk g¡lrs jgrs FkAs vkidk LoHkko cMk+ gl¡ e[q k vkjS fuHk;Z FkkA vki ekrS dk etk+ oQ+ mMk+ rs jgrs FksA vkids nks i=k gekjs lkeus gSaA ,d Ng vDVwcj dks rc fy[kk Fkk tc ok;ljk; us jge dh nj[+okLr ukeaT+kwj dj nh FkhA vki fy[krs gSa μ Ng eghus ckjkcadh vkSj xks.Mk dh dky&dksBfj;ksa esa jgus ds ckn vkt eq>s crk;k x;k gS fd ,d gÝ+rs ds Hkhrj iQk¡lh ns nh tk;sxh] D;ksafd ok;ljk; us nj[+okLr ukeatwj dj nh gSA vc eSa i+Qt+Z le>rk gw¡ fd vius bu fe=kksa dk (;gk¡ muds uke gSa) èkU;okn dj tkÅ¡ ftUgksaus esjs fy, cgqr&lh dksf'k'ksa dhaA vki esjk vfUre ueLdkj Lohdkj djsaA gekjs fy, ejuk&thuk iqjkus diM+s cnyus ls vfèkd dqN Hkh ugha (;gk¡ tsyokyksa us dqN dkV&Nk¡V dh gS] tks fcYdyq i<k+ ugha tkrk) ekrS vk jgh g]S gl¡ r&s gl¡ rs cMs+ pko vkjS [k+ 'q kh ls mls t+ksj ls xys yxk yw¡xkA tsy ds o+Qkuwu vuqlkj vkSj dqN ugha fy[k ldrkA vkidks ueLdkj] ns'k ds nnZeUnksa dks ueLdkj] oUnsekrje! vkidk] jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h fiQj bl i=k ds ckn iQk¡lh ugha gks ldh] D;ksafd fçoh dkSafly esa vihy dh x;h FkhA nwljk i=k vkius 14 fnlEcj dks ,d fe=k ds uke fy[kk Fkk μ dy eq>s irk pyk gS fd fçoh dkSafly us esjh vihy [k+kfjt dj nh gSA vki yksxksa us gesa cpkus dh cgqr dksf'k'k dh] ysfdu yxrk gS fd ns'k dh 114 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

cfy&osnh ij gekjs çk.kksa ds cfynku dh gh t+:jr gSA ekSr D;k gS\\ thou dh nwljh fn'kk ds flok; dqN ughaA thou D;k gS\\ ekSr dh gh nwljh fn'kk dk uke gSA fiQj Mjus dh D;k t+:jr gS\\ ;g rks çkÑfrd ckr gS] mruh gh çkÑfrd ftruk fd çkr% esa lw;kZsn;A ;fn gekjh ;g ckr lp gS fd bfrgkl iyVk [kkrk gS rks eSa le>rk gw¡ fd gekjk cfynku O;FkZ ugha tk;sxkA esjk ueLdkj lcdks μ vfUre ueLdkj! vkidk jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h fdruk Hkksyk] fdruk lqUnj vkSj fuHkhZdrkiw.kZ i=k gSA budk ys[ku fdruk Hkksyk gS! fiQj bUgas gh vU;ksa ls nks fnu igys gh iQk¡lh ns nh x;hA iQk¡lh ds le; vkidks gFkdM+h igukus dk bUrt+ke fd;k tkus yxk rks vkius dgk fd D;k t:+ jr gAS vki e>q s jkLrk crkrs tkvk]s eaS Lo;a gh mèkj py iMr+ k gA¡w vFkhZ dk tyq lw fudkyk x;k vkjS cMs+ tk's k ls vfUre lLa dkj fd;k x;kA ogha ;knxkj cukus dh lykg dh tk jgh gSA Jh jks'ku ¯lg th vkidks 19 fnlEcj dks bykgkckn esa iQk¡lh nh x;hA mudk ,d vkf[k+jh i=k 13 fnlEcj dk fy[kk gqvk gSA vki fy[krs gSa μ bl gÝ+rs iQk¡lh gks tk;sxhA bZ'oj ds vkxs fourh gS fd vkids çse dk vkidks iQy nsA vki esjs fy, dksbZ x+e u djukA esjh ekSr rks [+kq'kh okyh gSA pkfg, rks ;g fd dkbs Z cniQyS h djds cnuke gkds j u ejs vkjS vUr le; b'Z oj ;kn jgsA lks ;gh nks ckrsa gSaA blfy, dksbZ x+e ugha djuk pkfg,A nks lky cky&cPpksa ls vyx jgk gw¡A bZ'oj&Hktu dk [+kwc volj feykA blfy, eksg&ek;k lc VwV x;hA vc dksbZ pkg cko+Qh u jghA eq>s fo'okl gS fd thou dh nq[k Hkjh ;k=kk [k+Re djds lq[k ds LFkku ij tk jgk gw¡A 'kkL=kksa esa fy[kk gS] ;q¼ esa ejus okyksa dh Íf\"k;ksa tSlh jgr (Js.kh) gksrh gSA (vkxs vLi\"V gS) ^ft+Unxh ft+Unkfnyh dks tkfu;s jks'ku!* ojuk fdrus ejs vkSj iSnk gksrs tkrs gSaA vkf[k+jh ueLdkj! Jh jk's ku ¯lg jk;cjys h ds dke djus okykas eas FkAs fdlku vkUnkys u eas tys tk pqds FksA lcdks fo'okl Fkk fd gkbZdksVZ ls vkidh ekSr dh lt+k VwV tk;sxh D;ksafd vkids f[k+yki+Q dqN Hkh ugha FkkA ysfdu fiQj Hkh os vaxzst+'kkgh dk f'kdkj gks gh x;s vkSj iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;s x;sA r[+rs ij [kM+s gksus ds ckn vkids eq¡g ls tks vkokt+ fudyh] og ;g Fkh μ ^oUnsekrje!* fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 115

vkidh vFkhZ ds tqywl dh btkt+r ugha nh x;hA yk'k dh i+QksVks ysdj nksigj esa vkidk nkg&laLdkj dj fn;k x;kA Jh v'ki+Qko+QmYyk ;g eLrkuk 'kk;j Hkh gSjku djus okyh [+kq'kh ls iQk¡lh p<+kA cM+k lqUnj vkSj yEck&pkSM+k toku Fkk] rxM+k cgqr FkkA tsy esa dqN det+ksj gks x;k FkkA vkius eqyko+Qkr ds le; crk;k fd det+ksj gksus dk dkj.k x+e ugha] cfYd [+kqnk dh ;kn esa eLr jgus dh [k+kfrj jksVh cgqr de [kkuk gSA iQk¡lh ls ,d fnu igys vkidh eyq koQ+ kr gbq AZ vki [k+ cw lt&s lo¡ js FkAs cM&s+ cMs+ d<s+ g,q d's k [k+ cw ltrs FksA cM+k g¡l&g¡ldj ckrsa djrs jgsA vkius dgk] dy esjh 'kknh gksus okyh gSA nwljs fnu lqcg Ng cts vkidks iQk¡lh nh x;hA o+Qqjku 'kjhi+Q dk cLrk yVdkdj gkft;kas dh rjg oth+ iQ+ k i<r+ s g,q cMs+ gklS ys ls py iMAs+ vkxs tkdj r[+rs ij jLlh dks pwe fy;kA ogha vkius dgk μ ¶eSaus dHkh fdlh vkneh ds [+kwu ls vius gkFk ugha j¡xs vkSj esjk bUlki+Q [+kqnk ds lkeus gksxkA esjs Åij yxk;s lHkh bYt+ke x+yr gSaA¸ [+kqnk dk uke ysrs gh jLlh [khaph x;h vkSj os dwp dj x;sA muds fj'rsnkjksa us cM+h feUurksa& [+kq'kkenksa ls mudh yk'k yh vkSj mUgsa 'kkgtgk¡iqj ys vk;sA y[kuÅ LVs'ku ij ekyxkM+h ds ,d fMCcs esa mudh yk'k ns[kus dk volj dqN yksxksa dks feykA iQk¡lh ds nl ?k.Vs ckn Hkh psgjs ij oSlh gh jkSud FkhA ,slk yxrk Fkk fd vHkh gh lks;s gksaA ysfdu v'ki+Qko+Q rks ,slh uhan lks x;s Fks fd tgk¡ ls os dHkh ugha tkxsaxsA v'ki+Qko+Q 'kk;j Fks vkSj mudk 'kk;j miuke gljr FkkA ejus ls igys vkius ;s nks 'ksj dgs Fks μ ^i+Qukg gSa ge lcds fy,] ge iS dqN ugha ekSo+Qwi+Q! oo+Qk gS ,d i+Qdr tkus dh fcz;k ds fy,A* (uk'k rks lHkh gksaxs] dksbZ ge vdsys FkksM+s gksaxsA u ejus okyk rks fli+QZ ,d ijekRek gSA) vkSj μ ^rax vkdj ge muds T+kqYe ls csnkn ls] py fn;s lw, vne ft+Unkus i+QSt+kckn lsA* Jh v'ki+Qko+Q dh vksj ls ,d eki+Qhukek Nik Fkk] mlds lEcUèk esa Jh jkeçlkn th us vius vkf[k+jh ,yku esa ikst+h'ku lki+Q dj nh gAS vkius dgk gS fd v'kiQ+ koQ+ ekiQ+ hukek rks D;k] vihy ds fy, Hkh jkth ugha FkAs vkius dgk Fkk] eSa [+kqnk ds flok; fdlh ds vkxs >qduk ugha pkgrkA ijUrq jkeçlkn ds 116 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dgus&lquus ls vkius ogh lcdqN fy[kk FkkA ojuk ekSr dk mUgsa dksbZ Mj ;k Hk; ugha FkkA mijksDr gky i<+dj ikBd Hkh ;g ckr le> ldrs gSaA vki 'kkgtgk¡iqj ds jgus okys Fks vkSj vki Jh jkeçlkn ds nk;sa gkFk Fks] eqlyeku gksus ds ckotwn vkidk dV~Vj vk;lZ ekth èkeZ ls gn ntsZ dk çse FkkA nksuksa çseh ,d cM+s dke ds fy, vius çk.k mRlxZ dj vej gks x;sA Jh jkeçlkn ^fcfLey* Jh jkeçlkn ^fcfLey* cM+s gksugkj ukStoku FksA xt+c ds 'kk;j FksA ns[kus esa Hkh cgqr lqUnj FksA ;ksX; cgqr FksA tkuus okys dgrs gSa fd ;fn fdlh vkSj txg ;k fdlh vkSj ns'k ;k fdlh vkSj le; iSnk gq, gksrs rks lsukè;{k cursA vkidks iwjs \"kM~;U=k dk usrk ekuk x;k gSA pkgs cgqr T+;knk i<+s gq, ugha Fks] ysfdu fiQj Hkh if.Mr txrukjk;.k tSls ljdkjh odhy dh lqèk&cqèk Hkqyk nsrs FksA phi+Q dksVZ esa viuh vihy [+kqn gh fy[kh Fkh] ftlls fd ttksa dks dguk iM+k fd bls fy[kus esa t+:j gh fdlh cgqr cqf¼eku o ;ksX; O;fDr dk gkFk gSA 19 rkjh[k+ dh 'kke dks vkidks iQk¡lh nh x;hA 12 dh 'kke dks tc vkidks nwèk fn;k x;k rks vkius ;g dgdj bUdkj dj fn;k fd vc eSa ek¡ dk nwèk gh fiÅ¡xkA 18 dks vkidh eqyko+Qkr gqbZA ek¡ dks feyrs le; vkidh vk¡[kksa ls vJq cg pysA ek¡ cgqr fgEer okyh nsoh FkhA vkils dgus yxh μ gjh'kpUæ] nèkhfp vkfn cqT+kqxks± dh rjg ohjrk] èkeZ o ns'k ds fy, tku ns] fpUrk djus vkSj iNrkus dh t+:jr ughaA vki g¡l iM+sA dgk] ^ek¡! eq>s D;k fpUrk vkSj D;k iNrkok] eSaus dkbs Z iki ugha fd;kA eaS ekrS ls ugha MjrkA yfs du ek!¡ vkx ds ikl j[kk ?kh fi?ky gh tkrk gSA rsjk&esjk lEcUèk gh dqN ,slk gS fd ikl gksrs gh vk¡[kksa ls vJq meM+ iM+sA ugha rks eSa cgqr [+kq'k gw¡A iQk¡lh ij ys tkrs le; vkius cM+s t+ksj ls dgk] ^oUnsekrje*] ^Hkkjrekrk dh t;* vkSj 'kkfUr ls pyrs gq, dgk μ ^ekfyd rsjh jt+k jgs vkSj rw gh rw jgs cko+Qh u eSa jgw¡] u esjh vkjT+kw jgsA tc rd fd ru esa tku jxksa esa ygw jgs] rsjk gh ft+Øs;kj] rsjh tqLrtw jgsA* iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij [kM+s gksdj vkius dgk μ I wish the downfall of the British Empire. (eSa fczfV'k lkezkT; dk iru pkgrk gw¡A) fiQj ;g 'ksj i<+k μ ^vc u vgys oyoys gSa vkSj u vjekuksa dh HkhM+! fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 117

,d feV tkus dh gljr] vc fnys&fcfLey esa gS! fiQj bZ'oj ds vkxs çkFkZuk dh vkSj fiQj ,d eU=k i<+uk 'kq: fd;kA jLlh [khaph x;hA jkeçlkn th iQk¡lh ij yVd x;sA vkt og ohj bl lalkj esa ugha gSA mls vaxzst+h ljdkj us viuk [k+kSi+Qukd nq'eu le>kA vke [k+;ky ;g gS fd mldk o+Qlwj ;gh Fkk fd og bl X+kqyke ns'k esa tUe ysdj Hkh ,d cM+k Hkkjh cks> cu x;k Fkk vkSj yM+kbZ dh fo|k ls [+kwc ifjfpr FkkA vkidks eSuiqjh \"kM~;U=k ds usrk Jh xsankyky nhf{kr tSls 'kwjohj us fo'ks\"k rkSj ij f'k{kk nsdj rS;kj fd;k FkkA eSuiqjh ds eqo+Qnes ds le; vki Hkkxdj usiky pys x;s FksA vc ogh f'k{kk vkidh e`R;q dk ,d cM+k dkj.k gks x;kA 7 cts vkidh yk'k feyh vkSj cM+k Hkkjh tqywl fudykA Lons'kçse esa vkidh ekrk us dgk μ ¶eSa vius iq=k dh bl e`R;q ij çlUu gw¡] nq[kh ughaA eSa Jh jkepUæ tSlk gh iq=k pkgrh FkhA cksyks Jh jkepUæ dh t;!¸ b=k&iQqysy vkSj iQwyksa dh o\"kkZ ds chp mudh yk'k dk tqywl tk jgk FkkA nqdkunkjksa us muds Åij ls iSls iQsadsA 11 cts vkidh yk'k 'e'kku Hkwfe esa igq¡ph vkSj vfUre&fØ;k lekIr gqbZA vkids i=k dk vkf[k+jh fgLlk vkidh lsok esa çLrqr gS μ ¶eSa [+kwc lq[kh gw¡A 19 rkjh[k+ dks çkr% tks gksuk gS mlds fy, rS;kj gw¡A ijekRek dki+Qh 'kfDr nsaxsA esjk fo'okl gS fd eSa yksxksa dh lsok ds fy, fiQj tYn gh tUe yw¡xkA lHkh ls esjk ueLdkj dgsaA n;k dj bruk dke vkSj Hkh djuk fd esjh vksj ls if.Mr txrukjk;.k (ljdkjh odhy ftlus bUgsa iQk¡lh yxokus ds fy, cgqr t+ksj yxk;k Fkk) dks vfUre ueLdkj dg nsukA mUgsa gekjs [+kwu ls yFkiFk #i;ksa ls pSu dh uhan vk;sA cq<+kis esa bZ'oj mUgsa ln~cqf¼ nsA¸ jkeçlkn th dh lkjh gljrsa fny gh fny esa jg x;haA vkius ,d yEck&pkSM+k ,yku fd;k gS] ftls la{ksi esa ge nwljh txg ns jgs gSaA iQk¡lh ls nks fnu igys lh-vkbZ-Mh- ds fe- gSfeYVu vki yksxksa dh feUuras djrs jgs fd vki ekSf[kd :i ls lc ckrsa crk nks] vkidks ik¡p gt+kj #i;k uo+Qn ns fn;k tk;xs k vkjS ljdkjh [kp+ Zs ij foyk;r Hkts dj cfS jLVj dh i<k+ bZ djok;h tk;xs hA ysfdu vki dc bu ckrksa dh ijokg djrs FksA vki gqdwerksa dks Bqdjkus okys o dHkh&dHkkj tUe ysus okys ohjksa esa ls FksA eqo+Qnes ds fnuksa vkils tt us iwNk Fkk] ¶vkids ikl D;k fMxzh gS\\¸ rks vkius g¡ldj tokc fn;k Fkk] ¶lezkV cukus okyksa dks fMxzh dh dksbZ t+:jr ugha gksrh] Dykbo ds ikl Hkh dksbZ fMxzh ugha FkhA¸ vkt og ohj gekjs chp ugha gSA vkg!! 118 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dkdkjs h ds 'kghnkas ds fy, çes ds vkl¡ w tuojh] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* us dkdksjh ds 'kghnksa lEcUèkh ,d lEikndh; uksV Hkh çdkf'kr fd;kA ;g Hkxr¯lg dk fy[kk gqvk rks ugha gS] ysfdu muds lkFkh Hkxorhpj.k okgs jk dk gks ldrk gAS fu'p; gh] ;g Hkh ,fs rgkfld nLrkots + gS] ftls uhps fn;k tk jgk gSA μ l- dkdksjh dsl ds pkj ohjksa dks iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA os ykM+&I;kj ls iys 'kjw ohj gl¡ r&s gl¡ rs 'kgknr çkIr dj x;As Hkkjrekrk ds pkj liq =q k vius 'kh'k n's k vkjS jk\"Vª ds uke vi.Z k dj x;As mUgkuas s viuh çfrKk] viuk iQ+ tZ+ ijw k dj fn;kA os bl iap HkkSfrd 'kjhj dh o+SQn ls vkt+kn gks x;s vkSj ge X+kqykeksa dks viuh X+kqykeh ds nq[kM+s jksus ds fy, ihNs NksM+ x;s!!! ftl ns'k esa ns'kHkfDr xqukg le>k tkrk gks] ftl ns'k esa vkt+knh dh [o+ kfg'k j[kuk cxk+ or le>k tkrk gk]s tgk¡ ykds dY;k.k dh ltk+ ekrS gk]s tgk¡ ns'kHkDrksa dh xjnu esa iQk¡lh dk jLlk Mkyk tkrk gks] ml ns'k dh gkyr [k+;ky esa rks Hkys gh vk tk;s] ysfdu c;ku ugha dh tk ldrhA fdlh ns'k dh vèkksxfr blls T+;knk D;k gks ldrh gSA ysfdu ftl ns'k esa ;g vU;k; fuR; çfr gksrs gksa] tgk¡ ,sls vR;kpkj fnu&çfrfnu gh gksrs jgsa ;fn ogk¡ ds fuoklh ,sls&,sls vU;k;ksa] ,sls vR;kpkjksa ds f[k+yki+Q vkokt+ mBkuh rks nwj] vkg rd u Hkj ldrs gksa rks ml ns'k ds fuokfl;ksa dh gkyr dSlh gksxh\\ fgUnqLrku X+kqyke gSA bldh ckxMksj fonsf'k;ksa ds gkFk gSA blls çse djuk ekrS dks iqdkjuk gSA bldh vkt+knh ds lius ns[kuk ?kj&ckj] cky&cPps NksM+dj tykoruh dh ft+Unxh xqt+kjuk gSA bl eghoky ds çse us dbZ lksgfu;ksa dks xgjs leqæksa esa Mqcks;kA blds çse us dbZ iszfe;ksa ds ny ds ny [k+Re fd;sA bldk çse vxkèk gS] vFkkg gSA blds çseh csvUr gSa] vla[; gSaA u bl çse dk Loj irk pyrk gS] u blds çsfe;ksa dks rko vkrh gSA ;gk¡ rks ^pqi HkkbZ pqi* okyh ckr gSA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 119

;g T+kqYe dc rd jgsxk\\ bl vU;k; dk Hkk.Mk dc iQwVsxk\\ csxqukgksa dks dc rd 'kghn fd;k tk;sxk\\ ns'k&çsfe;ksa dks dc rd xksyh dk fu'kkuk cuk;k tk;sxk\\ dc rd bl X+kqykeh Mk;u dk vkSj e¡qg ns[kuk iM+sxk\\ vkt+knh nsoh ds n'kZu dc rd gksaxs\\ vHkh fdruh 'kghfn;k¡ çkIr djuh gksaxhA vHkh vkSj fdruksa dks iQk¡lh ij p<+k;k tk;sxk\\ jCck! og fnu dc vk;xs k] tc ;s 'kghfn;k¡ jxa yk;xas hA b'Z oj] og fnu dc n[s kxas s tc gekjk cxh+ pk gjk&Hkjk gkxs k\\ ;gk¡ ls ir>M+ dk dpw dc gkxs k\\ mYyw dc rd bl ckx+ esa Msjk tek;s cSBs jgsaxs\\ cqycqysa fdl fnu fiQj ;gk¡ pgpgk;xas h\\ ;s ¯itjs dc VVw xas \\s vktk+ nh dc ykVS xs h] mtMs+ dc fiQj clxas \\s yksxks! Hkkjrekrk ds pkj lqUnj toku iQk¡lh p<+k fn;s x;sA os ukSdj'kkgh ds Mls] nq'euh dk f'kdkj gks x;sA dkSu crk ldrk gS fd ;fn os thfor jgrs rks D;k&D;k usdh ds dke djrs] dkSu&dkSu ls ijksidkj djrs\\ dkSu dg ldrk gS fd muds jgus ls lalkj igys ls lqUnj vkSj jgus ;ksX; u fn[kk;h nsrk\\ os ohj Fk]s vktk+ nh ds vkf'koQ+ FkAs mUgkuas s n's k vkjS oQ+ keS dh [kk+ frj viuh tku yVq k nhA os viuh ek¡vksa dh dks[k dks liQy cuk x;sA ;fn Hkkjrekrk vkt+kn gksrh rks buds cfynkuksa dk eksy iM+rkA ;fn vkt fgUnqLrku esa dqN tku gksrh rks ;s cfynku csdkj u gksrsA gk;! vkt+knh ds ohj pys x;sA mUgsa fdlh us u igpkuk] mUgsa fdlh us u dgk] vki 'kwjohj gks] vki cgknqj gksA og txg èkU; gS] tgk¡ vki tUes&iys! tgk¡ vki [ksysA os jkgsa èkU; gSa] tgk¡ vki pys] tgk¡ vki dwns&HkkxsA ohj] ekr`Hkwfe ds ykM+ys ohj pys x;s! os viuk tUe liQy dj x;s! ckrsa djuh vklku gSa] cM+dsa ekjuh vklku gSaA pxy&pxy djuk vkSj ckr gS] o+QqckZuh nsuk vkSj ckr gSA ijh{kk vyw.kh pV~Vku gS] bls pkVuk vklku ugha gSA ijh{kk ls cM+s&cM+s rkSck dj mBs FksA ijh{kk ds vkxs dksbZ ft+xj okyk gh fVd ldrk gSA bu ohjksa us fdl fgEer] fdl cgknqjh ls ijh{kk nh gSA budh cgknqjh dHkh Hkwy ldrh gS\\ èkU; gSa buds ek¡&cki] ftUgksaus mUgsa tUe fn;kA èkU; gSa ;s Lo;a] tks cfynku ds iqat] vkReR;kx dh felky gSaA tc dHkh vkt+knh dk bfrgkl fy[kk tk;sxk] tc dHkh 'kghnksa dk ft+Ø gksxk] tc dHkh Hkkjrekrk ds fy, cfynku djus okyksa dh ppkZ gksxh rks ogh 1- jkftUæukFk ykfgMh+ 2- jkeçlkn fcfLey] 3- jk's ku ¯lg vkjS 4- v'ki+Qko+QmYyk dk uke t+:j fy;k tk;sxkA ml le; vkus okyh ihf<+;k¡ bu 'kghnksa ds vkxs 'kh'k >qdk;saxh vkSj bu ohjksa ds cgknqjh Hkjs fo+QLls lqu&lqu flj fgyk;saxhA ml le; ;s o+QkSe dk vkn'kZ ekus tk;saxs] bu cqT+kqxks± dh iwtk gksxhA vkt ge det+ksj gSa] fu%'kDr gSaA vkt ge fxjs gq, gSa] >wBs gSaA vkt ge 120 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

viuh fnyh Hkkouk,¡ ugha crk ldrs μ D;ksafd ge dk;j gSa] Mjiksd gSa] vkt geas lp dgus ls Mj yxrk g]S D;kfas d oQ+ kuuw dh ryokj gekjs fljkas ij yVdrh fn[kk;h nsrh gAS blls ;g ugha dg ldrs] ^dkdksjh ds 'kghnks! vkius tks fd;k] Hkkjrekrk ds cUèku rksM+us ds fy, fd;kA vkius tks d\"V mBk;s] og fgUnqLrku dks vkt+kn djokus ds fy, mBk;sA* vkt ge ;g ugha dg ldrs fd ^vkius vius erkuqlkj vPNk fd;kA* X+kqykeksa dh voLFkk fdruh fxj tkrh gSA X+kqykeksa esa fdruh fxjkoV vk tkrh gSA nSoh xq.k muesa ls fdl rjg Hkkx tkrs gSaA os fdrus <ksaxh vkSj ik[k.Mh cu tkrs gSaA os fdrus cqt+fny o dk;j cu tkrs gSaA os lPph&[kjh ckrsa eq¡g ij ugha dg ldrsA os fny esa dqN vkSj j[krs gSa vkSj ckgj dqN vkSjA mudh gkyr fdruh n;uh; gks tkrh gS! bl gkyr dks lqèkkjus dk ,d gh lkèku gS] bl nqnZ'kk dks cnyus dk ,dek=k bykt gS] bl nqnZ'kk dh ,d gh nok gS] vkSj og gS vkt+knhA vkt+knh o+QqckZfu;ksa ds cx+Sj ugha fey ldrhA 'kghnksa dh bT+t+r djus ls] 'kghnksa ds dkjukes ;kn djus ls o+QqckZuh dk pko meM+rk gSA tks o+QkSe 'kghnksa dks 'kghn ugha dg ldrh] mls D;k [k+kd vkt+kn gksuk gS\\ yksxks! ns[ks gSa vkf'ko+Q lwyh ij p<+rs\\ os ekSr ls et+ko+Q djrs FksA os ekSr ij gl¡ rs Fk]s mUgsa e`R;q dk Hk; ugha FkkA os ;kj dh xyh eas 'kh'k ryh ij j[kdj vk;s FksA mUgsa Mj D;k Fkk] os rks vk;s gh ejus FksA e`R;q dk rks os igys gh oj.k dj pqds Fks] thou dh vk'kk rks os igys gh NksM+ pqds FksA os rks xkrs Fks μ ,d feV tkus dh gljr vc fnys&fcfLey esa gSA dgk¡ os vkSj dgk¡ ge\\ os rks fdlh vkSj gh ns'k ds fuoklh FksA os rks x+jhcksa dh vkg luq dj enS ku eas mrjs FkAs os rks fgUnLq rku ls Hk[w k&uxa dks njw djus vk;s FksA os rks et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dk gky iwNus vk;s FksA os rks fdlh Å¡ps vkn'kZ ds iqtkjh FksA os rks fdlh Å¡ps LoIu dh mM+ku esa eLr FksA os rks os ut+kjs ns[krs Fks] tgk¡ u Hkw[k gS] u uXurkA tgk¡ u x+jhch gS] u vehjhA tgk¡ u T+kqYe gS] u vU;k;A cl tgk¡ çse gS] ,drk gS] tgk¡ bUlki+Q gS] vkt+knh gS] tgk¡ lqUnjrk gSA ij ge\\ ge\\---gk; js! fdlh dk vkn'kZ dekuk] vki [kkuk vkSj cPpksa dks ikyuk gksrk gSA fdlh dk vkn'kZ Lo;a dks Å¡pk mBkus dk gksrk gSA fdlh dk vkn'kZ x+jhcksa] nqf[k;ksa dks ywVdj èku&nkyS r bdV~Bk djuk gksrk g]S fdlh dk vkn'kZ vius lqUnj 'kjhj dks rdyhi+Q ls nwj djus dk gksrk gSA fdlh dk vkn'kZ dqN gksrk gS] fdlh dk dqNA ysfdu mudk vkn'kZ ns'k FkkA mudk vkn'kZ fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh FkkA mudk dksbZ LokFkZ ugha FkkA muds fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 121

[kkus ds fy,] mUgsa vks<+us ds fy, fdlh ckr dh deh u FkhA os rks tks dqN djrs Fks] yksd&dY;k.k dh [k+kfrj] yksd&lsok ds fy, djrs FksA os brus cfynku ds iqat fudys] fd Lo;a dks gekjs Åij okj fn;kA vkb;s] bu ohjksa dks ç.kke djsaA ekr`Hkwfe ds ykM+yks! D;k gqvk ;fn Mj ds ekjs vkt ge vkidk uke Hkh fy[kus ls ?kcjkrs gSa\\ D;k gqvk tks vkt ge fny dh ckrsa dgus esa f>>drs gSa\\ D;k gqvk ;fn vkt fgUnqLrku esa eqnkZuks'kh Nk;h gS vkSj vkidk uke ysus ls gh \"kM~;U=kdkjh cu tkrs gSa\\ D;k gqvk ;fn dksbZ fgUnqLrkuh vkidks Hkyk&cqjk Hkh dgs] ysfdu le; vk;sxk tc vkidh o+Qæ gksxh] tc vkidks 'kghn dgk tk;xs k] ftl rjg 1857 ds xn+ j dks vc ^vktk+ nh dh txa * dgk tkrk gAS le; fl¼ dj nsrk gS] le; lPph&lPph dgyok nsrk gS] le; fdlh dk fygkt+ ugha djrkA ml le; vki viuh vlyh 'kku ls pedsaxs vkSj ml le; fgUnqLrku vki ij cfygkjh tk;sxkA 'kghn ohjks! ge Ñr?u gSa] ge rqEgkjs fd;s dks ugha tkursA ge dk;j gSa] ge lp&lp ugha dg ldrsA gesa vki eki+Q djks] gesa vki {keknku nksA geas ekSr ls Hk; yxrk gS] gekjk fnekx+ lwyh dk uke lqurs gh pDdj [kk tkrk gSA vki èkU; FkAs vkids cMs+ ftx+ j Fks fd vkius iQkl¡ h dks fVPp le>kA vkius ekrS ds le; et+ko+Q fd;s! ij ge\\ gesa peM+h I;kjh gS] gesa rks t+jk&lh rdyhi+Q gh ekSr cudj fn[kus yxrh gSA vkt+knh! vkt+knh dk rks uke lqurs gh gesa d¡id¡ih fNM+ tkrh gSA gk¡! X+kqykeh ds lkFk gesa I;kj gS] X+kqykeh dh Bksdjksa ls gesa et+k vkrk gS! vkidh ul&ul ls] jx&jx ls vkt+knh dh iqdkj xw¡trh Fkh ysfdu gekjh jx&jx ls] gekjh ul&ul ls] X+kqykeh dh vkokt+ fudyrh gSA vkidk vkSj gekjk D;k esy\\ gesa vki {kek djks] vki gekjs dsoy ;g çse ds vJq gh Lohdkj djksA dgks] èkU; gSa] dkdksjh ds 'kghn---! 122 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

'kghnkas ds thou&pfj=k dkdksjh ds 'kghnksa dks fnlEcj] 1927 esa iQk¡lh gksus ds ckn Hkxr¯lg us vius lkfFk;ksa μ Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk] f'ko oekZ] t;nso diwj vkfn μ ls fopkj&foe'kZ djrs gq, vius ns'k ds 'kghnksa o ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu lEcUèkh tkudkjh nsus ds fujUrj ;Ru 'kq: fd;sA os Lo;a Hkh bu vkUnksyuksa dk xgjkbZ ls vè;;u dj jgs Fks vkSj ns'kokfl;ksa dks tkx`r Hkh dj jgs FksA iQ+ jojh] 1928 eas ^pkn¡ * dk ^iQkl¡ h vda * çdkf'kr gvq kA Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu vkSj 'kghnksa ds thou&pfj=k lEcUèkh bl vad esa ^foæksgh* Nn~e uke ls Hkxr¯lg us dbZ ns'kHkDrksa ds thou&pfj=k fy[ksA ;gk¡ çLrqr rhu thou&pfj=k ogha ls fy;s x;s gSaA μ l- lwi+Qh vEck çlkn vkt Hkkjro\"kZ esa fdrus yksx mudk uke tkurs gSa\\ fdrus mudh Le`fr esa 'kksdkrqj gksdj vk¡lw cgkrs gSa\\ Ñr?u Hkkjr us fdrus gh ,sls jRu [kks fn;s vkSj {kjHkj ds fy, Hkh nq[k vuqHko ugha fd;kA os lPps ns'kHkDr FksA muds ân; esa ns'k ds fy, nnZ FkkA os Hkkjr dh çfr\"Bk ns[kuk pkgrs Fks] Hkkjr dks mUufr ds f'k[kj ij igq¡pkuk pkgrs Fks] rks Hkh vkt Hkkjr ds cgqr de yksx mudk uke tkurs gSaA mudh o+Qnj Hkh dh rks bZjku us] vkt ;gk¡ vkdk lwi+Qh dk uke loZfç; gks jgk gSA lwi+Qh th dk tUe 1858 esa eqjknkckn esa gqvk FkkA vkidk nkfguk gkFk tUe ls gh dVk FkkA vki g¡lh esa dgk djrs Fks μ vjs HkkbZ! geus lÙkkou esa vaxzst+ksa ds fo#¼ ;q¼ fd;kA gkFk dV x;kA e`R;q gks x;hA iqutZUe gqvk] gkFk dVs dk dVk vk x;k! vkius eqjknkckn] cjsyh vkSj tkyUèkj vkfn dbZ 'kgjksa esa f'k{kk ik;hA ,i+Q-,- ikl djus ds i'pkr vkius odkyr i<+h] ijUrq dh ughaA vki mnwZ ds çHkko'kkyh ys[kd FksA vkius ;gh dke l¡HkkykA lu~ 1890 esa vkius eqjknkckn ls tkE;qy bywd uked mnwZ lkIrkfgd i=k fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 123

fudkykA bldk çR;sd 'kCn mudh vkUrfjd voLFkk dk ifjp; nsrk FkkA os gkL;jl ds çfl¼ ys[kd Fks] ijUrq buesa xEHkhjrk Hkh de u FkhA os fgUnw&eqfLye&,drk ds dV~Vj i{kikrh Fks vkSj 'kkldksa dh dM+h vkykspuk fd;k djrs FksA lu~ 1897 esa vkidks jktæksg ds vijkèk esa Ms<+ o\"kZ dk dkjkxkj feykA tc 1899 esa NwVdj vk;s rks ;w-ih- ds dqN NksVs jkT;ksa ij vaxzst+ yksx gLr{ksi dj jgs FkAs liw Q+ h th us ogk¡ ds vxa tsz k+ as rFkk jfs tM+ .s Vkas dk [k+ cw Hk.MkiQkMs + fd;kA vki ij feF;k nks\"kkjksi.k dk vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;k vkSj lkjh tk;nkn t+Cr dj 6 lky dk dkjkxkj fn;k x;kA tsy esa mUgsa vdFkuh; d\"V lgu djus iM+s] ijUrq os dHkh fopfyr ugha gq,A lwi+Qh th tsy esa chekj iM+sA ,d xyht+ dksBjh esa cUn FksA mUgsa vkS\"kfèk ugha nh tkrh Fkh] ;gk¡ rd fd ikuh vkfn dk Hkh Bhd çcUèk u FkkA tsyj vkrk vkSj g¡lrk gqvk ç'u djrk μ lwi+Qh] vHkh rd rqe ft+Unk gks\\ [k+Sj! T;ksa&R;ksa dj tsy dVh vkSj 1906 ds vUr esa vki ckgj vk;sA lwi+Qh th dk fut+ke gSnjkckn ls ?kfu\"B lEcUèk FkkA tsy ls NwVrs gh ogk¡ x;sA fut+ke us muds fy, ,d vPNk&lk edku cuok;kA edku cu tkus ij mUgkuas s liw Q+ h th ls dgk μ ^vkids fy, edku r;S kj gks x;kA* vkius mÙkj fn;k μ ^ge Hkh r;S kj gks x;s gaSA* vkius oL=kkfn mBk;s vkjS iatkc ds fy, py fn;sA ogk¡ tkdj vki ^fgUnqLrku* v[k+ckj esa dke djus yxsA lqurs gSa ogk¡ vkidh prjq rk] okd~iVrq k vkjS le>nkjh n[s kdj ljdkj dh vkjs ls 1000 #i;k ekfld tklwl foHkkx ls is'k fd;s x;s Fks] ijUrq vkius mudh vis{kk tsy vkSj nfjærk dks gh Js\"B le>kA ckn dks ^fgUnqLrku*&lEiknd ls Hkh vkidh u cuhA vkius ogk¡ ls Hkh R;kxi=k ns fn;kA mUgha fnuksa ljnkj vthr ¯lg us Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh dh uhao Mkyh vkSj iatkc ds U;w dkyksuh fcy ds fo#¼ vkUnksyu vkjEHk dj fn;kA lwi+Qh th dk Hkh esy muls cuus yxkA mèkj os budh vksj vkd£\"kr gksus yxsA lu~ 1906 esa iatkc esa fiQj èkj&idM+ vkjEHk gqbZ rks ljnkj vthr ¯lg ds HkkbZ ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg vkSj Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh ds eU=kh esgrk vkuUn fd'kksj ds lkFk os usiky py fn;sA ogk¡ usiky jkT; ds xouZj Jh taxcgknqj th ls vkidk ifjp; gks x;kA os buls cgqr vPNh rjg is'k vk;sA ckn dks Jh taxcgknqj th lwi+Qh dks vkJ; nsus ds dkj.k gh inP;qr dj fn;s x;sA mudh lEifÙk t+Cr dj yh x;hA [k+Sj] lwi+Qh th ogk¡ idM+s x;s vkSj ykgkSj yk;s x;sA ykyk fi.Mhnkl th ds i=k ^bf.M;k* esa çdkf'kr vkids ys[kksa ds lEcUèk esa gh vki ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;k] ijUrq funksZ\"k fl¼ 124 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gksus ds ckn esa vkidks NksM+ fn;k x;kA rRi'pkr ljnkj vthr ¯lg Hkh NwVdj vk x;sA vkSj lu~ 1909 esa Hkkjrekrk cqd lkslkbVh dh uhao Mkyh x;hA bldk vfèkdrj dk;Z lwi+Qh th gh fd;k djrs FksA vkius ^ckx+h elhg* ;k ^foæksgh elhg* uked ,d iqLrd çdkf'kr djok;h tks ckn dks t+Cr dj yh x;hA blh o\"kZ yksdekU; fryd ij vfHk;ksx pyk;k x;k vkSj mUgsa Hkh 6 o\"kZ dk dkjkokl feykA rc ns'kHkDr&e.My ds lHkh lnL; lkèkq cudj ioZrksa dh vksj ;k=kk djus fudy iM+sA ioZrksa ds Åij tk jgs FksA ,d HkDr Hkh lkFk vk;kA lkèkq cSBs rks ml HkDr us lwi+Qh th ds pj.kksa ij lhl uokdj ueLdkj fd;kA cMk+ t.S VyeuS FkkA [k+ cw lVw &cVw igus FkkA liw Q+ h th ds pj.kkas ij 'kh'k j[kk vkjS iwNus yxk μ ckck th] vki dgk¡ jgrs gSa\\ lwi+Qh th us dBksj 'kCnksa esa mÙkj fn;k μ jgrs gSa rqEgkjs lj esa! μ lkèkq th] vki ukjkt+ D;ksa gks x;s\\ μ vjs cos oQ+ iw Q+ ! ruw s e>q s D;kas ueLdkj fd;k! brus vkjS lkèkq Hkh Fk]s budks ç.kke D;ksa u fd;k\\ μ eSa vkidks lkèkq le>k FkkA μ vPNk [k+Sj tkvks] [kkus&ihus dh oLrq,¡ ykvksA og dqN nsj ckn vPNs&vPNs inkFkZ ysdj vk;kA [kk&ihdj lwi+Qh th us mls fiQj cqyk;k vkSj dgus yxs μ D;ksa cs] gekjk ihNk NksM+sxk ;k ugha\\ μ Hkyk eSa vkils D;k dgrk gw¡ th\\ μ pkykdh dks NksM+A vk;k gS tklwlh djus! tk] vius cki ls dg nsuk fd lwi+Qh igkM+ esa x+nj djus tk jgs gSaA og pj.kksa ij fxj iM+k μ gtwj] isV dh [k+kfrj lcdqN djuk iM+rk gS! vkius lu~ 1909 esa ^is'kok* v[k+ckj fudkykA mUgha fnuksa caxky esa ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu us t+ksj idM+kA ljdkj dks fpUrk gqbZ fd dgha ;g iatkc dks Hkh tyk u MkyAs vLr]q neu&pØ vkjEHk gvq kA rc liw Q+ h th] ljnkj vthr ¯lg vkSj ft+;k&my&go+Q bZjku pys x;sA ogk¡ igq¡pdj ft+;k&my&go+Q dh uh;r cny x;hA mlus pkgk] bUgsa idM+ok nw¡ rks buke feysxk vkSj lt+k Hkh u gksxhA ijUrq lwi+Qh th rkM+ x;sA mUgksaus mls vkxs Hkst fn;kA iQyLo:i og Lo;a gh idM+k x;k vkSj ;s nksuksa cp fudysA bZjku esa os dSls jgs] D;k gqvk] ;s ckrsa rks fdlh volj ij [kqysaxh ijUrq tks dqN lquus esa vk;k] mlh dk mYys[k bl LFkku ij fd;k tkrk gSA bZjku esa vaxzst+ksa us mudh cgqr [kkst dh vkSj mUgsa dbZ çdkj ds d\"V lgu djus iM+sA dgk tkrk gS fd os ,d LFkku ij ?ksj fy;s x;sA ogk¡ ls fudyuk vlEHko&lk fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 125

gks x;kA ogk¡ O;kikfj;kas dk ,d oQ+ kfiQ+ yk Bgjk gvq k FkkA ÅV¡ kas ij cgrq &ls lUndw yns FkAs vkxs oL=k vkfn Hkjs FkAs ,d ÅV¡ ds nkus kas lUndw kas eas liw Q+ h th rFkk vthr ¯lg dks cUn dj fn;k x;k vkSj ogk¡ ls cpkdj fudkyk x;kA fiQj fdlh vehj ds ?kj BgjsA irk py x;k vkSj og ?ksj fy;s x;sA mlh le; mu nkus kas dks cjq dk iguk tu+ kus eas fcBk fn;k x;kA lcdh ryk'kh yh x;h vkSj vUr esa fL=k;ksa dh Hkh ryk'kh yh tkus yxhA ,d&nks fL=k;ksa ds cqjds mBk;s Hkh x;s] ijUrq eqlyeku yksx yM+us&ejus dks rS;kj gks x;s vkSj fiQj vU; fdlh L=kh dk cqjdk ugha mBkus fn;k x;kA bl rjg os nksuksa ;gk¡ ls Hkh cpsA ihNs mUgksaus ogk¡ ls ^vkcs g;kr* uked i=k fudkyk vkSj jk\"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa Hkkx ysus yxsA ljnkj lkfgc ds VdhZ pys tkus ij ogk¡ dk lkjk dk;Z bUgha ds lj vk iM+k vkSj fiQj ;s ogk¡ vkdj lwi+Qh ds uke ls çfl¼ gq,A lu~ 1915 eas ftl le; bjZ ku eas vxa tsz k+ as us i.w kZ çHkRq o tekuk pkgk rks fiQj dNq mFky&iFq ky eph FkhA 'khjkt+ ij ?ksjk Mkyk x;kA ml le; lwi+Qh th us ck;sa gkFk ls fjokYoj pykdj eqo+Qkcyk fd;k Fkk] ijUrq vUr esa vki vaxzst+ksa ds gkFk vk x;sA mudk dksVZ ek'kZy fd;k x;kA i+QSlyk gqvk fd dy xksyh ls mM+k fn;s tk;saxsA lwi+Qh dksBjh esa cUn FksA çkr% le; ns[kk rks os lekfèk dh voLFkk esa FksA muds çk.k i[ks: mM+ pqds Fks! muds tukt+s ds lkFk vla[; bZjkuh x;s vkSj mUgksaus cgqr 'kksd euk;kA dbZ fnu rd uxj esa mnklh Nk;h jghA lwi+Qh th dh o+Qcz cuk;h x;hA vHkh rd gj o\"kZ mudh o+Qcz ij mRlo euk;k tkrk gSA yksx mudk uke lqurs gh J¼k ls lj >qdk ysrs gSaA os iSj ls Hkh ys[kuh idM+dj vPNh rjg fy[k ldrs FksA ,d fnu ,d egk'k; dg jgs Fks fd eq>s mUgksaus iSj ls gh fy[kdj ,d uqL[k+k fn;k FkkA ,d vkSj dgkuh fe=kksa us lquk;h FkhA irk ugha dgk¡ rd lp gSA ijUrq cgqr lEHko gS og lp gksA dgrs gSa] tc Hkksiky ;k fdlh vkSj LVsV esa jsft+Ms.V dqN xM+cM+ dj jgs Fks vkSj mldks gM+i djus dh fpUrk esa Fks] rks ogk¡ dk Hksn çdkf'kr djus ds fy, ve`r ckt+kj if=kdk dh vksj ls lwi+Qh th ogk¡ Hksts x;sA ;g ckr 1890 ds yxHkx dh gSA ,d ikxy&lk eu\"q ; jfs tM+ .s V ds cjS s ds ikl ukdS jh dh [kkts eas vk;k vkjS vUr esa dsoy Hkkstu ij gh j[k fy;k x;kA og ikxy cjru lki+Q djrk rks feV~Vh esa yFkiFk gks tkrkA eq¡g ij feV~Vh iksr ysrkA og lkSnk [k+jhnus esa cM+k prqj Fkk] vLrq pht+sa [k+jhnus ogh Hkstk tkrk FkkA mèkj ve`r ckt+kj if=kdk esa jsft+Ms.V ds fo#¼ èkM+kèkM+ ys[k fudyus yxsA vUr esa bruk cnuke gqvk fd inP;qr dj fn;k x;kA ftl le; og LVsV ls ckgj igp¡q x;k rks ,d tDa 'ku ij ,d dkyk&lk vkneh gVS yxk;]s iryuw &cVw 126 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

igus mldh vksj vk;kA mls ns[kdj jsft+Ms.V pfdr&lk jg x;kA ;s rks ogh gS tks esjs cjru lki+Q fd;k djrk Fkk! vkt ikxy ugha gSA mlus vkrs gh vaxzst+h esa ckrphr 'kq: dhA mls ns[kdj jsft+Ms.V dk¡ius yxkA vkf[k+j mlus dgk μ rqEgas buke rks fn;k tk pqdk gS] vc rqe esjs ikl D;ksa vk;s gks\\ μ vkius dgk Fkk μ tks vkneh ml xqIrpj dks] ftlus fd vkidk Hksn [kksyk gS] idM+ok;s rks vki dqN buke nsaxsA μ gk¡] dgk rks FkkA D;k rqeus mls idM+k\\ μ gk¡] gk¡---buke nhft;sA og eSa Lo;a gh gw¡A og Fkj&Fkj dk¡ius yxkA cksyk μ ;fn jkT; ds vUnj gh eq>s rsjk irk py tkrk rks cksVh&cksVh mM+ok nsrkA [k+Sj] mlus mUgas ,d lksus dh ?kM+h nh vkSj dgk μ ;fn rqe Lohdkj djks rks tklwl foHkkx ls 1000 #- ekfld osru fnyk ldrk gw¡A ijUrq lwi+Qh th us dgk μ vxj osru gh ysuk gksrk rks vkids cjru D;ksa lki+Q djrk\\ vkt lwi+Qh th bl ns'k esa ugha gSaA ij ,sls ns'kHkDr dk Lej.k gh LiQw£rnk;d gksrk gSA Hkxoku mudh vkRek dks fpj 'kkfUr nsA i+Qjojh] 1928 Jh cyoUr ¯lg os cMs+ b'Z oj&HkDr FkAs èkefZ u\"Bk ds dkj.k mUgas flD[kkas eas ijq kfs gr cuk fn;k x;k FkkA 'kkfUr ds ije mikld cyoUr dk LoHkko cM+k e`nqy FkkA os lqeèkqj Hkk\"kh FksA igys&igy os bZ'ojksikluk dh vksj yxsA fiQj yksxksa dks ml vksj ykus dh ps\"Vk çkjEHk dhA ckn esa yksxksa ds d\"V nwj djus ds ç;kl esa èkhjs&èkhjs xkSjk¡x egkçHkqvksa ls eqBHksM+ gksrh x;h vkSj vUr esa iQk¡lh ij eqLdqjkrs gq, vkius çk.k&R;kx fd;kA Jh cyoUr ¯lg dk tUe xk¡o [+kqnZiqj] ft+yk tkyUèkj esa ifgyh vkf'ou] lEor 1939 foØe 'kqØokj dks gqvk FkkA vkids firk dk uke ljnkj cq¼ ¯lg FkkA ifjokj cM+k èkuk<~; FkkA firk dks èku ds vfrfjDr LoHkko rFkk vU; xq.kksa ds dkj.k lHkh eku rFkk vknj dh n`f\"V ls ns[krs FksA vkidks gks'k l¡Hkkyrs gh vkneiqj ds fefMy Ldwy esa f'k{kk ds fy, nkf[k+y djok fn;kA fo|kFkhZ&thou esa gh vkidk fookg gks x;kA ijUrq fookg ds ckn 'kh?kz gh èkeZiRuh dh e`R;q gks x;hA fefMy ikl fd;s fcuk gh Ldwy NksM+dj os i+QkSt esa tk Hkjrh gq,A iYVu esa vkidk lUr deZ ¯lg th ls lalxZ gqvkA mudh laxfr ls vkidk bZ'oj&Hktu dh vksj >qdko gks x;kA nl lky T;ksa&R;ksa fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 127

ukSdjh dh] fiQj ,dk,d ukSdjh NksM+ vius xk¡o esa jgdj bZ'ojksikluk 'kq: dj nhA iYVu dh ukSdjh esa gh vkidk nwljk fookg Hkh gqvk FkkA xk¡o ds ikl ,d xqiQk FkhA mlh eas cUn jgdj Hkxon~Hktu esa rYyhu jgus yxsA X;kjg eghus ogha jgus ds ckn ckgj vkrs gh lu~ 1905 esa dSusMk tkus dk fu'p; dj] mèkj gh çLFkku dj fn;kA dSusMk esa tkdj vkius vius nwljs lkFkh Jh Hkkx ¯lg th ls] ftUgsa ,d ns'kæksgh us ckn esa xksyh ekj nh Fkh] feydj xq#}kjk cukus dk dk;Z vkjEHk fd;kA oSadksoj esa gh muds ç;Ru ls vesfjdk dk lcls igyk xq#}kjk LFkkfir gqvkA ml le; ogk¡ x;s gq, Hkkjrokfl;ksa esa dksbZ laxBu u FkkA mUgsa xksjs yksx rax fd;k djrs Fks] ijUrq gekjs uk;d ogk¡ x;s rks mUgksaus bu lc =kqfV;ksa dks nwj djus dk Hkjld ç;Ru fd;kA ml le; ogk¡ ds çoklh fgUnqvksa rFkk flD[kksa dks e`rd&laLdkj djus esa cM+h foifÙk gksrhA eqnsZ tykus dh mUgsa vkKk u FkhA ,slh voLFkk esa cspkjs mu yksxksa dks vusdkusd d\"V lgu djus iM+rsA dbZ ckj mUgsa o\"kkZ esa] ci+QZ esa] 'ko dks taxy esa ys tkdj] dqN ydfM+;k¡ bdV~Bk dj] rsy Mky vkx yxkdj Hkkxuk iM+rkA ,slh voLFkk esa Hkh duS sfM;u yksxksa dh xksyh dk fu'kkuk cuus dk Mj jgrkA Jh cyoUr ¯lg th us ;g vlqfoèkk nwj djus dk çcUèk fd;kA dqN t+ehu [k+jhn yhA nkg&laLdkj djus dh vkKk Hkh çkIr dj yhA xq#}kjs esa Hkkjrh; et+nwjksa dk laxBu Hkh djus yxsA muesa lPpfj=krk rFkk bZ'ojksikluk dk çpkj fd;k djrsA xq#}kjk cM+s ç;Ru ls cu ik;k Fkk] mu lcesa vkidk ifjJe gh lcls vfèkd Fkk] vr% lcus feydj vkidks gh xzUFkh cukus dk fu'p; fd;kA igys rks vkius dqN bUdkj fd;k] ijUrq ckn esa Lohdkj dj fy;kA flD[k yksx cM+s â\"V&iq\"V rFkk ifjJeh gksrs gaAS muds duS sMk esa tkus ls xksjs et+nwjksa dh o+Qæ de gks x;hA mèkj vaxzst+ et+nwjksa ls mudk osru Hkh dgha de gksrkA muds igys ny ds igq¡prs gh xksjs et+nwjksa us naxk&i+Qlkn 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA ijUrq ;ks¼k&ohj flD[k bu ckrksa ls Mjus okys ugha FksA blls xksjs vkSj Hkh fp<+ mBsA vkSj mèkj xq#}kjk cuus ls budk laxBu c<+us yxkA uohu vkxUrqdksa dks gj çdkj dh lqfoèkk gksus yxhA ;g lc ns[kdj ogk¡ dh xksjh ljdkj us mudks fudkyus ds fy, ;¯Rdfpr mik; <<¡w u+ s 'k:q fd;As bfex'sz ku foHkkx okykas us Hkkjrh; et+nwjksa dks cgqr&dqN iQqlykdj g.MwjkWl uked }hi esa pys tkus ij jkth djus dk ç;Ru fd;kA ml }hi dh cgqr rkjhi+Q dh x;hA ijUrq HkkbZ cyoUr ¯lg th [+kwc le>rs Fks fd ;g lc èkks[ks dh VV~Vh gSA vkius vius fdlh fo'oLr lTtu dks og LFkku ns[k vkus ds fy, HkstkA ml lTtu dk uke Fkk Jh ukxj ¯lgA mUgsa ogk¡ bfexzs'ku foHkkx okyksa us Hkkjr esa ik¡p eqjCcs 128 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

t+ehu vkSj ik¡p gt+kj MkWyj nsus dk yksHk nsdj bl ckr ij jkth djuk pkgk fd og Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks g.MwjkWl esa vkus ij jkth dj nsaA mUgksaus vkrs gh lc Hksn [kksy fn;kA bfexzs'ku foHkkx Hkh [kqy [ksysA vc [kqYye[kqYyk ;q¼ fNM+ x;kA bfexzs'ku foHkkx us vkSfpR;kukSfpR; dk fopkj NksM+ fn;kA T;ksa&T;ksa ekeyk c<+k R;ksa&R;ksa Jh cyoUr ¯lg th Hkh vkxs c<+rs x;sA çoklh Hkkjrokfl;ksa dh bPNk Fkh fd os yksx Hkkjr ykSVdj vius ifjokjksa dks lkFk ys tk ldsaA cgqr fnuksa rd [khapkrkuh gqbZA vkf[k+j ,d lykg lksph x;hA Jh cyoUr ¯lg] Jh Hkkx ¯lg rFkk HkkbZ lqUnj ¯lg th dks Hkkjr ykSVdj vius ifjokj ykus ds fy, Hkstus dk çLrko gqvkA os rhuksa lTtu Hkkjr dks ykSV vk;sA 1911 esa os fiQj lifjokj jokuk gq,A gk¡xdk¡x igq¡pdj fVdV u feyus ds dkj.k #d tkuk iM+kA ogha iM+s jgdj os oSadksoj xq#}kjk okyksa ls i=k&O;ogkj }kjk lykg djrs jgsA vkf[k+j rhuksa lTtu py fn;sA Jh lqUnj ¯lg th rks x;s oSadksoj dks rFkk 'ks\"k nksuksa lTtu rhuksa ifjokj lfgr lkuç+QkaflLdks jokuk gq,A HkkbZ lqUnj ¯lg rks oSadksoj igq¡p x;s] ijUrq la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk Hkh rks vkf[k+j xksjksa dk ns'k Fkk vkSj bèkj rks os gh X+kqyke Hkkjroklh Fks] ifjokjksa lfgr mu nksuksa lTtukas dks ogk¡ mrjus dh vkKk u feyhA os fiQj gkx¡ dkx¡ ykVS vk;As fiQj cgrq fnu ckn cM+s ;Ru ls ifjokjksa ds fy, oSadksoj ds fVdV feysA oSadksoj esa mu nksuksa lTtuksa dks rks mrjus dh vkKk fey x;h] ifjokjksa dks mrjus dh vkKk u feyhA cM+k >a>V c<+kA vkf[k+j ifjokjksa dks mrus fnuksa rd mrjus dh vkKk feyh] ftrus fnuksa esa fd vk'kk dh tk ldrh Fkh fd bfexzs'ku foHkkx ds dsUæh; vksVkok (Ottava) ls vfUre vkKk vk tk;sxhA ifjokj mrjs rks lgh] ij tekur ijA tekur dh vofèk ijw h gks tkus ds nks fnu ckn bfex'sz ku foHkkx okys ifjokjksa dks ysus ds fy, vk;s] ijUrq flD[k yksx >xM+s ds fy, rS;kj gks x;sA vi+Qlj yksx t+jk xje gq,] ijUrq ohj ;ks¼kvksa dh yky vk¡[ksa ns[k] viuk&lk eq¡g ysdj ykSV x;sA yky vk¡[kksa ds ihNs dkSu&lk cy Fkk] dkSu&lh n`<+rk Fkh vkSj dkSu&lk fu'p; Fkk ftlls dSusMk dh jkt'kfDr vkSj mudk bfexzs'ku foHkkx Fkj&Fkj dk¡i mBs] vkSj mu ifjokjksa dks ogha jgus fn;k x;k μ ;s ckrsa rc X+kqyke Hkkjroklh ugha le> ldrs FksA mudh dwie.Mwdrk] mudk ladh.kZ n`f\"Vdks.k ugha le> ldrk Fkk fd jk\"Vªksa dks cukus esa dSls le;] dSlh ?kfM+;k¡ mifLFkr gqvk djrh gSaA LorU=k Hkkjr vius LokrU=; laxzke dh bu vf}rh; ?kVukvksa dks ;kn fd;k djsxkA mlds bfrgkl&ys[kd gh bu lc ckrksa dks [+kwc okLrfod :i esa fy[k ldus dk lqvolj ik ldsaxsA ni+Qk 124v vkfn fodjky nkuo xyk nck;s] vk¡[ksa fudkys mudh lk¡l cUn ugha fd;s jgk djsaxsA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 129

os ifjokj rks ogha jg x;s] ijUrq 'ks\"k Hkkjrh;ksa ds ifjokj ykus dh leL;k oSls&dh&oSlh [kM+h jghA nks lky rd fujUrj >xM+k fd;k] ijUrq ifj.kke dqN u fudykA vkf[k+j r; ik;k fd baXyS.M dh ljdkj rFkk turk vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk turk ds lkeus viuh ek¡xsa j[kh tkosa vkSj mudh lgk;rk ls bl my>u dks lqy>k;k tk;sA ,d MsiwVs'ku cuk;k x;k tks baXyS.M Hkh x;k vkSj Hkkjro\"kZ HkhA mlds rhu lnL;ksa esa ,d gekjs uk;d Jh cyoUr ¯lg Hkh FksA baXyS.M x;sA lHkh mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa ls feysA dgk x;k μ ¶ekeyk Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ;gk¡ igq¡puk pkfg,A¸ fujk'k gks Hkkjr esa vk;sA vkUnksyu 'kq: fd;kA ml le; çeq[k usrk ykyk yktir jk; th us Hkh lM+k&lk mÙkj nsdj muls ihNk NqM+k fy;k FkkA fiQj D;k Fkk\\ dqNsd lTtuksa dh lgk;rk feyhA lkoZtfud lHkk,¡ dh x;haA Øksèk Fkk] ?kk;y jk\"Vªh; Hkko Fkk] foo'krk Fkh vkSj Fkh ?kksj fujk'kkA tys fnyksa ls tks dqN fudyk] dgk vkSj fiQj\\ lj ekbZdsy vksMk;j vius] 'India: As I Knew it' uked xzUFk esa fy[krs gSa μ \"At this Stage I sent a warning to the delegates that if this continued, I would be compelled to take serious action… The delegates on this asked for an interview with me. I had a long talk with them and repeated my warning. Two of them were... and spacious; the manner of third seemed to be that of a dangerous revolutionary. They wished to see The Viceroy, and in sending them on to him, I particularly warned him about this man.\" ;g rhljs lTtu] ftu ij gekjs ykV us bruk dqN dg Mkyk gS] ;g ogh uk;d cyoUr FksA ml Hkkoqd ân; us rks xgjs ?kko [kk;s FksA vkRelEeku dk Hkko ckj&ckj Bqdjk;k tk pqdk FkkA mUgksaus èkhjs&èkhjs fu'p; dj fy;k Fkk fd Hkkjr dks gjlEHko mik; ls LorU=k djokuk gh çR;sd Hkkjroklh dk loZçFke dÙkZO; gSA [k+Sj! MsiwVs'ku grk'k&fujk'k gks 1914 ds vkjEHk esa okil ykSV x;kA bUgha fnuksa Hkkjrh; foæksgh Jh Hkxoku ¯lg rFkk Jh cjdrqYyk Hkh vesfjdk igq¡p x;sA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa bu fnuksa fgUnqLFkku&,lksfl,'ku (Hindusthan Association) dk dk;Z t+ksjksa ij gksus yxkA x+nj ny] x+nj çsl] x+nj v[k+ckj tkjh gks x;sA ijUrq mijksDr MsiwVs'ku okys lTtuksa dk ml le; rd muls dksbZ lEcUèk u FkkA fdUrq mudks lj ekbZdsy vksMk;j us x+nj ny ds gh çfrfufèk fy[kk gSA vLrqA ml le; rd Hkkjro\"kZ ds vfHk;ksx vU; tkfr;ksa ds lkeus ugha j[ks x;s FksA ijUrq ;g MsiwVs'ku tkiku vkSj phu ds jktuhfrKksa ls feyrk gqvk gh x;k 130 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Fkk vkSj bUgksaus Hkkjr dh vksj mu yksxksa dh lgkuqHkwfr vkÑ\"V djus dk Hkjld ç;Ru fd;k FkkA oSadksoj ykSVdj vius fu\"iQy ç;Ru dk bfrgkl lqukrs gq, Jh cyoUr ¯lg th us ,d cM+h çHkko'kkyh oDr`rk nh FkhA ,slh oDr`rk,¡ jk\"Vªksa ds bfrgkl esa fo'ks\"k eku ikrh gSaA xgjs euu ds ckn vkidks pkjksa vksj ls ;gh lquk;h nsus yxk Fkk] muds vUrLry ls ;gh ,d èofu mBus yxh Fkh fd ^lc jksxkas dh ,dek=k vkS\"kfèk Hkkjr dh LorU=krk gSA* vkius Hkk\"k.k esa viuk vuqHko rFkk xgjs euu ls tks ifj.kke fudkyk Fkk] lc dg lquk;kA og mudh li+QkbZ] 'kkfUr] ohjrk] xEHkhjrk vkSj fuHkhZdrk dks ns[kdj dgk djrs Fks fd ¶cyoUr ¯lg flD[kksa ds iknjh gSa vFkok lsukifr (General), ;g fu'p; djuk cM+k dfBu gSA¸ vLrqA 'kh?kz Hkfo\"; esa D;k fd;k tkos] ;g rks dqN fu'p; djus dk volj ugha feyk] fd ,d vkSj leL;k lkeus vk [kM+h gqbZ μ dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ vk igq¡pkA fdukjs ij yxus dh vkKk gh ugha feyh] myVs mu ij vusd vR;kpkj <k;s tkus yxsA ftrus fnuksa tgkt+ ogk¡ jgk mrus fnu lHkh Hkkjrh; nÙkfpÙk gks mlh dh lgk;rk esa yxs jgsA usr`Ro fiQj gekjs uk;d ds gkFk esa FkkA vkius fnu&jkr ,d dj fn;kA bruk ifjJe vkSj dksbZ dj ikrk vFkok ugha] lks ugha dg ldrsA fdjk;s ds fo+QLr dh vnk;xh esa nsj yxokdj tks vM+pu xksjs'kkgh Mkyuk pkgrh Fkh] mldk Hkkj Hkh vki ij iMk+ A 11 gtk+ j MkWyj dh vko';drk FkhA lHkk esa 11 gt+kj MkWyj ds fy, tks vihy vkius dh Fkh] mlesa bruk nnZ vkSj bruk çHkko Fkk fd o.kZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA 11 gt+kj MkWyj bdV~Bk gks x;sA mudh vk£Fkd vko';drk,¡ iwjh djus ds ckn vki vkjS lykg&e'kojk djus ds fy, nf{k.k dh vksj cgqr nwj pys x;sA vpkud os vesfjdk dh lhek ij igp¡q x;As xkjs h ljdkj us idM+ fy;kA dgk] ¶vefs jdk ls vk;s gks vkjS pkjs h ls dSusMk esa çfo\"V gq, gksaA¸ ;g fujkèkkj nks\"k Hkh ,d yEcs >xM+s dk dkj.k gqvk] vkf[k+j dqN >xM+s ds ckn ekeyk r; gqvk vkSj oSadksoj igq¡psA dqN fnu ckn fujk'k gksdj dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ Hkh ykSVus ij foo'k gks x;kA dkekxkVkek: ds lkFk Hkkjr dh ftruh vk'kk,¡ lEc¼ Fkha] lHkh ,dk,d efV;keVs dj nh x;hAa Hkkjr dk O;olk; dh vkjs ;gh rks igyk ç;Ru FkkA mlh esa Hkkjr&fgrdkjh 'kkldksa us iwjh rjg ls ,slk ihlus dh dksf'k'k dh fd fiQj dkbs Z ,ls h p\"s Vk djus dk n%q lkgl u dj ldAs duS Ms k eas ftrus fnu tgkt+ Bgjk] mrus fnu muds lkFk tks vekuqf\"kd O;ogkj gq, Fks] mudk jksekapdkjh o.kZu fy[kus dk ;g LFkku ughaA ij mudh ;kn fny dks vkx yxk nsrh gS] ikxy dj nsrh gS] #yk&#yk tkrh gSA mu lcdk mÙkjnkf;Ro bfexzs'ku foHkkx ds oSadksoj okys eq[; vè;{k fe- gkWi¯dlu ij gh FkkA ;s yksx muls cgqr ukjkt+ fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 131

Fks] ijUrq t+jk vkSj lqfu;sA Jh cyoUr ¯lg] Jh Hkkx ¯lg ;s nks gh lTtu rks Fks] tks igys fnu ls bfexzs'ku foHkkx okyksa ls ohjrkiwoZd yM+rs pys vk;s FksA dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ ds ekeys esa Hkh lHkh dk;Z bUgha nks lTtuksa us rks fd;s FksA os bfexzs'ku foHkkx dh vk¡[kksa ds dk¡Vs gks jgs FksA ,d ns'kæksgh HkkM+s dk VV~Vw fey x;kA xq#}kjs esa nhoku gks jgk FkkA ml foHkh\"k.k us bZ'oj&Hktu esa rYyhu Jh Hkkx ¯lg vkSj Jh cyoUr ¯lg ij fiLrkSy ls i+Qk;j dj fn;sA Jh Hkkx ¯lg th rks ogha LoxZyksd flèkkj x;s] ijUrq Jh cyoUr ¯lg cp x;sA xksyh muds u yxdj ,d vkSj ns'kHkDr Jh oru ¯lg ds tk yxhA os Hkh ogha 'kghn gks x;sA ;g gR;kjk mifLFkr yksxksa ds iats ls cp x;kA dSusMk&ljdkj dk o+Qkuwu Hkh mls dqN n.M u ns ldkA og vkt Hkh thrk gSA og iatkc ljdkj dk ykM+yk cuk jgk gSA mlus ;g lc dk.M D;ksa fd;k vkSj blesa mls D;k HkykbZ nh[k iM+h] ;g lc ogh tkus! blh çdkj dh ljxehZ ls fdrus gh eghus xqt+j x;sA lu~ 1914 dk vfUre i{k vk x;kA egk;q¼ fNM+ pqdk FkkA vesfjdk fLFkr lc Hkkjrh; ns'k esa okil vkus dh rS;kjh djus yxsA fiQj gekjs uk;d ogk¡ dSls Bgj ldrs FksA lifjokj çLFkku dj fn;kA vki 'ka?kkbZ igq¡ps] ogha vkids ?kj ,d iq=k Hkh mRiUu gqvkA ogk¡ dk;Z ds lEcUèk esa vkidks viuk ?kj ykSVus dk bjknk cnyuk iM+kA ifjokj rks Jh djrkj ¯lg ds lkFk Hkkjr dks Hkst fn;k vkSj vki ogha Bgj x;sA ogk¡ tks lc dk;Z djus dks Fkk] djrs gq, vki 1915 esa csadkWd (Bangkok) igq¡psA mu fnuksa nwj iwoZ esa tks foæksg ds ç;Ru gks jgs Fks_ mUgha ds laxBu rFkk fu;U=k.k eas vkidks dk;Z djus ds fy, Bgjuk iMk+ FkkA mu lc foiQy vk;kts ukas dk jksekapdkjh bfrgkl fy[kus dk ;g LFkku ughaA lIrkgHkj ¯lxkiqj esa tks j.kp.Mh dk rk.Mo&u`R; gvq k Fkk] mleas lkekz T;oknh tkiku rFkk çQ+ kla dh loZ 'kL=kllq fTtr lus kvkas dh lgk;rk ls vxa tsz + fot;h g,q A Hkkjr dk LorU=krk ç;Ru fu\"iQy gks x;kA Eastern Plot [k+Re gks x;kA ,slh gh voLFkk esa Jh cyoUr ¯lg th csadkWd igq¡ps FksA nqHkkZX;o'k vki chekj gks x;sA n'kk ukT+kqd gks x;h] vLirky tkuk iM+kA ukle> MkWDVj us vkWijs'ku dj Mkyk vkSj og Hkh fcuk Dyksjksi+QkeZ lq¡?kk;s ghA vkidks d\"V vkSj fucZyrk c<+ x;hA vHkh pyus&fiQjus ;ksX; Hkh u gq, Fks fd vLirky okyksa us mUgsa pys tkus dks dgkA pyus&fiQjus dh v;ksX;rk dh ckr ij Hkh è;ku ugha fn;k x;kA vLirky ls ckgj fudky fn;k x;kA bruk mrkoykiu D;ksa fd;k x;k] lks Hkh lqu yhft;sA ckgj iqfyl fxjÝ+rkj djus ds fy, [kM+h FkhA }kj ls fudyrs u fudyrs vkidks fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;k x;kA ogk¡ jgus okys Hkkjrokfl;ksa ds tekur&vekur ds lc ç;Ru foiQy gks x;sA L;ke (FkkbZyS.M) dh LorU=k ljdkj us Jh cyoUr ¯lg th 132 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

rFkk muds vU; lkfFk;ksa dks pqipki Hkkjr dh vaxzst+ ljdkj ds lqiqnZ dj fn;kA lks D;ksa\\ bldk Hkh ,dek=k dkj.k ;gh gS fd Hkkjr X+kqyke FkkA X+kqyke tkfr ds fy, dkSu [+okge[+okg dh cyk flj ij ysrk gSA [k+Sj! Jh cyoUr ¯lg th dks ¯lxkiqj yk;k x;kA lalkjHkj dh èkefd;k¡ rFkk yksHk nsdj lc Hksn dg nsus ds fy, jkth djus ds ç;Ru fd;s x;s] ijUrq muds ikl ekuS ds flok D;k èkjk Fkk\\ vkf[kj+ 1916 eas vkidks ykgkjS &\"kM~;U=k ds nlw js vfHk;ksx esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA vijkèk ogh Fkk] ftlesa fu\"iQyrk gksus ij e`R;q&n.M gh feyk djrk gSA vki ij foæksg dk vkjksi yxk;k x;kA 24 fnu ukVd gvq kA cys k ¯lg t.S M vkfn db&Z ,d xokg vkids fo#¼ i's k g,q A ukVd nq[kkUr FkkA vfHk;qDr dks lkezkT; dh cfy&osnh ij o+QqckZu djus dk fu'p; gqvkA e`R;q&n.M lqurs gh nsork lge x;sA bl nsork dks e`R;q&n.M! jk{klksa& nkuoksa esa Hkh\"k.k vV~Vgkl ep x;k gksxkA dky dksBjh esa cUn gSa] flD[k gksus ij Vksih ugha igu ldrsA dEcy gh lj ij yisV fy;k gSA cnuke djus ds fy, fdlh us 'kjkjr dh μ dEcy ds fdlh ,d dksus esa vi+Qhe ck¡èk nh vkSj dgk x;k fd vki vkRegR;k djuk pkgrs gSaA vkius vR;Ur 'kkfUr ls mÙkj fn;k μ ¶e`R;q lkeus [kM+h gSA mlds vk¯yxu ds fy, rS;kj gks pqdk gw¡aA vkRegR;k dj eSa e`R;q&lqUnjh dks dq:ik ugha cukÅx¡ kA foækgs ds vijkèk eas e`R;&q n.M ikus eas xoZ vuHq ko djrk gA¡w iQkl¡ h ds r[+rs ij gh ohjrkiwoZd çk.k nw¡xkA¸ iwNrkN djus ij Hksn [kqy x;kA dqN uEcjnkj o+QSfn;ksa rFkk okMZj dks dqN lt+k,¡ gqb±A lHkh us vkidh ns'kHkfDr rFkk fuHkhZdrk dh nkn nhA lu~ 1916 ds fnu FksA Hkkjro\"kZ esa dkysikuh vkSj iQk¡fl;ksa dk t+ksj FkkA leLr mÙkj Hkkjr esa ,dk,d [kycyh ep x;h Fkh! vUnj gh vUnj ,d fojkV xqIr foIyo dk vk;kstu gks x;k Fkk] ;g Hkkjr dh turk u tkurh FkhA usrkx.k mu yksxksa dh vksj rkdus rd dk lkgl u djrs FksA cgqr&ls yksx le>rs Fks fd ljdkj us ;ksa gh ns'k dks Hk;Hkhr djus ds fy, ,sls&,sls Hkh\"k.k vfHk;ksx pyk fn;s gSaA tks Hkh gks] ml fojkV vk;kstu ds fu\"iQy gks tkus ij Hkh mldh lqUnj Le`fr cko+Qh gAS og lqUnj gS] blfy, fd vkn'koZ knh ;qodksa ds ifo=k jDr ls fy[kh x;h gSA cko+Qh gS blfy, fd o+QqckZfu;k¡ dHkh O;FkZ ugha tk;k djrhaA blh o\"kZ esa (ekpZ) pS=k dh 18 rkjh[k+ dks Jh cyoUr ¯lg th dh èkeZiRuh HksaV ds fy, x;haA iqLrd rFkk oL=k nsdj crk;k x;k μ ¶dy 17 pS=k dks mUgsa iQk¡lh ns nh x;hA¸ mudh èkeZiRuh dystk Fkkedj jg x;haA Jh cyoUr dh iQk¡lh ds fnu ds lekpkj ckn esa feysA vkius çkr%dky Luku fd;k rFkk vius Ng vkSj lkfFk;ksa lfgr (ftUgsa mlh fnu iQk¡lh feyh fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 133

Fkh) Hkkjrekrk dks vfUre ueLdkj fd;kA Hkkjr&LorU=krk dk xku xk;kA g¡lrs&g¡lrs iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij tk [kM+s gq,A fiQj D;k gqvk\\ D;k iwNrs gks\\ ogh tYykn] ogh jLlh! vksg! ogh iQk¡lh vkSj ogh çk.kR;kx! vkt cyoUr bl lla kj eas ugh]a mudk uke g]S mudk n's k g]S mudk foIyo gAS i+Qjojh] 1928 MkWDVj eFkqjk ¯lg ckotwn lcls vfèkd foifÙk;k¡ lgu djus ds] lcls vfèkd x.kuk esa vius uj&jRuksa ds LorU=krk&cfyosnh ij cfynku nsus ds] vkt iatkc jktuhfrd {ks=k eas fiQlMM~ h (Politically backward) çkUr dgykrk gAS cxa ky eas Jh [k+ nq hjke clq iQk¡lh ij yVdsA mUgsa bruk mBk;k x;k fd vkt mudk uke ml çkUr ds dksus&dksus esa lquk;h nsrk gSA Hkkjro\"kZ ds çR;sd çkUr esa mudk uke lqfo[;kr gSA ijUrq iatkc esa fdrus jRu ns'k ds fy, thou&nku ns x;s] fdrus gh g¡lrs&g¡lrs iQk¡lh ij p<+ x;s] fdrus gh yM+rs&yM+rs Nkrh esa xksyh [kkdj 'kghn gks x;s] ijUrq mUgsa dkSu tkurk gS\\ vkSj dgha dh rks ckr gh D;k dgsa] iatkc çkUr esa gh mUgsa fdrus yksx tkurs gSa\\ dksbZ lkèkkj.k foIyoh ;ksa gh iQk¡lh ij yVd x;k gks vkSj mls yksx ;ksa gh Hkwy x;s gksa] lks Hkh rks ughaA ftu yksxksa us vFkd ifjJe ls] vnE; mRlkg ls rFkk vrqy lkgl ls HkkjrksRFkku ds fy, ,sls&,sls ;Ru dj fn;s Fks fd vkt mUgsa lqu&lqudj vokd jg tkus ds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ pkjk ugha! ;fn ,sls jRu fdlh vkSj ns'k esa tUe èkkj.k fd;s gksrs rks vkt mudh ok¯'kxVu] xSfjckYMh rFkk fofy;e okyhl dh Hkk¡fr iwtk gksrhA ijUrq mUgksaus ,d v{kE; vijkèk ;g fd;k Fkk fd os Hkkjr esa iSnk gq, FksA blh dk n.M ;g gS fd vkt mudks foLe`fr ds vUèkdkj esa iQsad fn;k x;k gSA u muds dk;Z dh ppkZ gS] u muds R;kx dh] u muds cfynku dh [;kfr gS] u muds lkgl dhA ijUrq ,slh Ñr?urk fn[kkus okys ns'k dh mUufr dSls gkxs h\\ dV~Vj vkn'kZoknh MkWDVj eFkqjk ¯lg th dk LFkku okLro esa cgqr Å¡pk gSA vkidk tUe lu~ 1883 bZ- esa <qf<;ky uked xk¡o] ft+yk >sye (iatkc) esa gqvk FkkA vkids firk dk uke ljnkj gfj ¯lg FkkA vkius igys vius xk¡o esa gh f'k{kk ik;h] rRi'pkr vki pdoky ds gkbZ Ldyw eas i<u+ s yxAs vkidh cfq ¼ cM+h rh{.k FkhA vki lnSo vius lgikfB;ksa esa lcls vPNs jgrs FksA ogk¡ ij eSfVªd ikl djus ds ckn vki çkbosV rkSj ij MkWDVjh dk dk;Z lh[kus yxsA eSllZ txr ¯lg ,.M cznlZ dh nqdku jkoyfi.Mh esa FkhA ogha ij vkius ;g 134 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dk;Z lh[kuk 'kq: fd;kA cM+h ps\"Vk ls vki lc dk;Z djrsA rhu&pkj o\"kZ esa gh vki bl dk;Z esa çoh.k gks x;sA fiQj vkius viuh nqdku vyx [kksy nhA og nqdku ukS'ksjk Nkouh esa Fkh] vki lHkh ns'kksa ls fpfdRlk lEcUèkh i=k&if=kdk,¡ e¡xok;k djrs FksA fo'ks\"k f'k{kk xgz .k djus ds fy, vkius vesfjdk tkus dk fopkj fd;kA nqdku dk >a>V vHkh r; Hkh u gks ik;k Fkk fd vkidh lqiRuh rFkk lqiq=kh dk nsgkUr gks x;kA ijUrq blls D;k gksrk Fkk\\ vkius mèkj çLFkku dj fn;kA 1913 esa vki pys FksA dqN vfèkd èku ikl u gksus ds dkj.k vkidks 'ka?kkbZ esa gh #d tkuk iM+kA ogha ij vkius fpfdRlk&dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;k] ftlesa vkidks cgqr liQyrk gqbZA ijUrq vkidk bjknk dSusMk tkus dk Fkk_ vki dNq vkjS Hkkjrh;kas ds lkFk mèkj x;As ijUrq ogk¡ ij cgrq fnDo+ Q+ ras i's k vk;hAa igys dsoy vkidks rFkk ,d vkSj lTtu dks ogk¡ mrjus dh vkKk feyh] nwljs ykxs kas dks ughAa bl ij vkius ogk¡ mrjuk mfpr u le>kA ijUrq lkfFk;kas ds vkxgz djus ij vki mrjs rks lgh] ijUrq ogk¡ ij bfexzs'ku foHkkx ls vU; lkfFk;ksa ds fy, >xM+k 'kq: dj fn;kA vfHk;ksx rd pykA ijUrq o+Qkuwu vkSj dksVZ 'kfDr'kkyh ykxs kas ds fy, gkrs s gaS u fd ijkèkhu n's kokykas ds fy,A ogk¡ ls vkidks rFkk vU; Hkkjrh; ;kf=k;ksa dks okil ykSVk fn;k x;kA cgkuk ogh fd dSusMk esa fdlh tgkt+ }kjk lhèks ugha vk;sA vki 'ka?kkbZ ykSV vk;sA vkdj Hkkjrh; yksxksa esa viuh nhu&ghu n'kk dh ek£ed dFkk lquk;h vkSj Jh ckck xq#nÙk ¯lg th dks ,d viuk tgkt+ cukus dh lykg nh] tks lhèkk dSusMk tkos] blh lykg ij ckck th us dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ fdjk;s ij ys fy;k vkSj mldk uke xq# ukud tgkt+ j[kkA vkidks bèkj ita kc vkuk iMk+ A tgkt+ tYnh ls r;S kj gks x;k] vr% vki fuf'pr fnu ij ogk¡ u igq¡p ldsA ¯lxkiqj ls] 35 ds yxHkx vU; lkfFk;ksa lfgr] nwljs tgkt+ ls pys] rkfd 'ka?kkbZ rd dkekxkVkek: ls feydj ml ij lokj gksaA gk¡xdk¡x igq¡pus ij irk pyk fd tgkt+ ogk¡ ls Hkh py pqdk gAS blfy, vki ogha ij Bgj x;As vc rd vki Hkkjr&LorU=krk ds fy, thou viZ.k djus dk fu'p; dj pqds FksA gk¡xdk¡x esa vkius çpkj&dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA vesfjdk ls x+nj ikVhZ dk ^x+nj* v[k+ckj vkrk FkkA vki Hkh ogha ij oSlk gh xqIr v[k+ckj Niokdj yksxksa eas ckV¡ us yxAs mèkj dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ ij tk&s tks vR;kpkj gkus s yxs mu lcds lekpkj vkidks fey jgs FksA tc ekywe gqvk fd dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ dks okfil vkuk gh iM+sxk rc vkius cM+s t+ksjksa ls çpkj 'kq: fd;kA ml le; dS.Vu esa ,d flD[k iqfyl baLisDVj egk'k; bu lHkh vkUnksyuksa dks nckus dh cgqr ps\"Vk dj jgs FksA vkius muls feydj tks ckrphr dh rks os egk'k; Hkh budh lgk;rk djus yxsA vki fdlh dk;Zo'k 'ka?kkbZ x;sA tkrs le; lcls fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 135

dg x;s fd vc dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ esa lokj gksdj Hkkjr dks ykSV pyuk pkfg,A ijUrq mudk ;g fu'p; tku ljdkj us tgkt+ dks 'ka?kkbZ esa u Bgjus fn;kA mlds nks&,d jkst+ ckn os lHkh yksx nwljs tgkt+ksa }kjk Hkkjr ykSV vk;s_ dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ vHkh gqxyh esa gh [kM+k Fkk fd vki yksx dydÙks igq¡p x;sA ogk¡ ij ljdkj us vkidks iatkc ds fVdV nsdj xkM+h ij p<+k fn;kA ve`rlj igq¡prs u igq¡prs ctct dh ?kVuk gks x;hA lc lekpkj feykA Øksèk ls foày&ls gks mBsA çfr¯glk dh Tokyk èkèkd mBhA ijUrq MkWDVj th us vius vU; lkfFk;ksa dks le>k&cq>kdj dqN 'kkUr fd;k] vkSj mUgsa çpkj&dk;Z ds fy, m|r fd;k rFkk Lo;a laxBu&dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA mèkj bl fojkV ps\"Vk esa vkidks ce cukus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k FkkA vki mlesa Fks Hkh cM+s fuiq.kA vesfjdk ls lSdM+ksa erokys ;ks¼k foIyo&vfXu HkM+dkus ds fy, vkus yxsA >V&ls lkjk çcUèk gks x;kA foIyo&ny dk bruk o`gr laxBu [kM+k gks x;k fd leLr Hkkjr esa ,d lkFk foæksg [kM+k dj nsus dk fopkj mBk vkSj frfFk rd fuf'pr gks x;hA ns[krs&ns[krs lc ç;Ru] lc vk;kstu foiQy gks x;sA Ñiky dh uhprk ls lc fd;k&èkjk chp esa gh jg x;kA bèkj&mèkj idM+&èkdM+ 'kq: gks x;hA ijUrq vki idM+s u x;sA ,d ckj ,d ljdkjh tklwl }kjk vkidks dgk x;k fd ;fn os ljdkjh xokg cu tk;sa rks mUgsa {kek ds lkFk gh lkFk cgqr Hkkjh iqjLdkj Hkh fn;k tk;sxkA rc vkius ml çLrko dks fcYdqy mis{kk ls Bqdjk fn;kA fiQj ,d ckj ,d [+kqfi+Q;k vkWfi+Qlj vkids ikl rd vk igq¡pkA ijUrq og [+kwc tkurk Fkk fd MkWDVj lkgc cM+s fuHkhZd ØkfUrdkjh gSa] vr% mls vdsys mudks fxjÝ+rkj djus dk lkgl u gqvkA myVk og muls dgus yxk fd ljdkj us vkids fy, {kek çnku dh gS rFkk iqjLdkj nsus dk opu fn;k gS] ;gh dgus ds fy, vk;k gw¡A vki Hkh [+kwc le>rs Fks fd og ml le; mUgsa idM+us dk lkgl u dj ldus ds dkj.k gh ,slh ckrsa djrk FkkA blfy, vkius dqN jt+keUnh fn[kk;h vkSj mlls ihNk NqM+kdj cp fudyAs bl rjg vkius le>k fd vc n's k eas cpdj jguk ,dne vlEHko gS] blfy, vkius dkcqy dh vksj çLFkku dj fn;kA ot+hjkckn LVs'ku ij iqfyl us idM+ fy;k] ijUrq ogk¡ ij vkius dqN ?kwl ns nh vkSj cp fudysA vki dksgkV dh vksj jokuk gks x;sA iqfyl dks Hkh lepkj fey x;kA dksgkV LVs'ku ij iqfyl dk cM+k Hkkjh nLrk igjs ij yxk fn;k x;kA mlh Vªsu esa cgqr&lh iqfyl Hkh p<+k nh x;hA ekxZ esa ,dk,d lc fMCcksa dh ryk'kh Hkh ys Mkyh x;h] ijUrq vki u idM+s tk ldsA dqN fnu ogha ij Bgjus ds i'pkr vki dkcyq tk igp¡q As ogk¡ 'kh?kz gh vki cgrq çfl¼ gks x;As vkidh ;kXs ;rk n[s kdj vkidks dkcqy dk phi+Q esfMdy vkWfi+Qlj fu;qDr dj fn;kA 136 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Hkkjr ds Hkhrj jkT;&ØkfUr dh lc ps\"Vk foiQy gks pqdh Fkh rks D;k] ckgj rks vHkh cM+s t+ksjksa esa ç;Ru gks gh jgk FkkA dkcqy esa ml le; Hkkjr dh vLFkk;h ljdkj (Provisional Government of India) cuh gqbZ Fkh] tks teZuh desVh ls lg;ksx djrh gqbZ Hkkjr&LorU=krk ds ç;Ru esa yxh gqbZ FkhA bl le; vjc] feÏ] eSlksiksVsfe;k vkSj bZjku vkfn lHkh çns'kksa esa Hkkjrh; foIyoh μ ftuesa fgUnw] eqlyeku] flD[k Hkh lfEefyr Fks μ Hkkjr esa ØkfUr djus dh ps\"Vk dj jgs FksA ml lc ç;kl esa MkWDVj th fiQj ls tqV x;sA mlh ds lEcUèk esa vkidks teZuh tkuk iM+kA dqN fnuksa ckn vki fiQj ykSV vk;sA bZjku rd rks vkidks cgqr ckj tkuk iM+kA fiQj fu'p; gqvk fd vLFkk;h ljdkj dh vksj ls ,d Lo.kZ i=k t+kj] :l ds ikl bl vk'k; dk Hkstk tk;s fd og Hkkjr&ØkfUr dh lgk;rk djsA vc dh cM+h 'kku ls çLFkku fd;k x;kA dbZ lsod rFkk lkeku ds yns gq, dbZ Å¡V vkids lkFk FksA ijUrq ml le; dksbZ uhp iq#\"k vkidh ;k=kk dh lc [k+cj vaxzst+ ljdkj dks ns jgk FkkA ;g og ugha tkurs FksA rk'kdan uxj eas vkidks fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;k x;kA bZjku esa ykdj f'kuk[+r dh x;hA vfHk;kxs pykA cgrq ykxs kas us ;Ru fd;k fd vkidks Hkkjr ljdkj ds liq nq Z u fd;k tk;s] ijUrq vc rd vU; lHkh ç;Ruksa esa tks fu\"iQyrk gqbZ Fkh] vc gh D;ksa liQyrk gksrh\\ ykgkSj esa yk;s x;sA bèkj mu fnuksa vksMk;j'kkgh dk t+ksj FkkA dqN fnu U;k;&ukVd gqvkA e`R;q&n.M lquk;k x;kA vkius vR;Ur vkuUn çn£'kr djrs gq, lqukA vkids NksVs HkkbZ eqyko+Qkr ds fy, x;sA vkius iwNk μ ¶D;ksa HkkbZ] esjs ejus dh rqEgsa fpUrk rks ugha\\ ckyd us jks fn;kA vkius Øksèk&fefJr mRlkgo¼Zd Loj ls dgk μ ¶okg th! ;g le; vkuUn eukus dk gSA D;k flD[k yksx Hkh ns'k ds fy, ejrs le; jks;k djrs gSa\\ eq>s rks vR;Ur vkuUn gS fd eSa Hkkjrh; foIyo dks liQy cukus ds fy, tks eq>ls gks ldk] dj pqdk gw¡] eSa cM+h 'kkfUr ls iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij çk.k R;kx d:¡xkA¸ bl rjg vkius mldk mRlkg c<+k;kA fiQj\\ fiQj 27 ekpZ] 1917 dk fnu vk igq¡pkA ml fnu fiQj ogh ukVd çkjEHk gqvkA ml fnu ds ukVd esa ,d gh n`'; gqvk djrk gS_ vkSj og Hkh dqNsd feuV dkA ;s ixys yksx u tkus dgk¡ ls vk x;s] ftUgsa u e`R;q dk Hk; Fkk] u thus dh pkg_ dk;Z&{ks=k esa g¡ls] ;q¼&{ks=k esa g¡ls] iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij Hkh eqLdqjk fn;sA mudh efgek vijEikj gSA ^gksa i+Qfj'rs Hkh fi+Qnk ftu ij ;s oks bUlku gSa!* fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 137

'kghn drkjZ ¯lg ljkHkk 'kghn drkZj ¯lg ljkHkk dks Hkxr¯lg viuk çsj.kkÏksr ekurs FksA og mudk fp=k vius ikl j[krs Fks vkSj dgrs Fks] ¶;g esjk xq#] lkFkh o HkkbZ gSA¸ ;g ys[k lEHkor% 1928 ds 'kq: esa çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA μ l- j.kp.Mh ds bl ije HkDr foæksgh drkZj ¯lg dh vk;q vHkh chl o\"kZ dh Hkh ugha gqbZ Fkh fd tc mUgksaus LorU=krk&nsoh dh cfyosnh ij viuk cfynku ns fn;kA vk¡èkh dh rjg og vpkud dgha ls vk;s] vfXu çTofyr dh vkSj liuksa esa iM+h j.kp.Mh dks txkus dh dksf'k'k dhA foæksg dk ;K jpk vkSj vkf[k+j og Lo;a blesa HkLe gks x;sA os D;k Fks] fdl nqfu;k ls vpkud vk;s vkSj >V dgk¡ pys x;s\\ ge dqN Hkh u tku ldsA 19 o\"kZ dh vk;q esa gh mUgksaus brus dke dj fn[kk;s fd lkspdj gSjkuh gksrh gSA bruh T+kqjZr] bruk vkRefo'okl] bruk vkReR;kx vkSj ,slh yxu cgqr de ns[kus dks feyrh gSA Hkkjro\"kZ esa ,sls bUlku cgqr de iSnk gq, gSa] ftudks lgh vFkks± esa foæksgh dgk tk ldrk gS] ijUrq bu fxus&pqus usrkvksa esa drkZj ¯lg dk uke lwph esa lcls Åij gSA mudh jx&jx esa ØkfUr dk tT+ck lek;k gqvk FkkA mudh ft+Unxh dk ,d gh y{;] ,d gh bPNk vkSj ,d gh vk'kk] tks Hkh Fkk μ ØkfUr Fkh] blhfy, mUgksaus ft+Unxh esa ik¡o j[kk vkSj vkf[k+j blhfy, bl nqfu;k ls dwp dj x;sA vkidk tUe 1896 esa xk¡o ljkHkk] ft+yk yqfèk;kuk esa gqvk FkkA vki ekrk&firk ds bdykSrs csVs FksA vHkh budh vk;q cgqr de Fkh fd firkth dk nsgkolku gks x;kA ijUrq vkids nknk us cgqr ç;Ru ls vkidks ikykA uoha d{kk i<+us ds ckn vki vius pkpk ds ;gk¡ pys x;sA ogk¡ mUgksaus nloha dh ijh{kk ikl dh vkjS dkWyts eas i<u+ s yxAs ;g 1910&11 ds fnu FkAs bèkj vkidks Ldyw vkSj dkWyst ds ikB~;Øe ds rax nk;js ls ckgj dh cgqr&lh iqLrdsa i<+us dk volj feykA ;g vkUnksyu dk t+ekuk FkkA bl okrkoj.k esa jgdj vkidh ns'kçse dh Hkkouk iYyfor gqbZA blds ckn vkidh vesfjdk tkus dh bPNk gqbZA ?kjokyksa us mldk dksbZ fojksèk ugha fd;kA vkidks vesfjdk Hkst fn;k x;kA lu~ 1912 esa vki 138 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lkuç+QkaflLdks dh cUnjxkg ij igq¡psA vkt+kn ns'k esa igq¡pdj o+Qne&o+Qne ij vkids dksey ân; ij pksV iM+us yxhA bu xksjksa dh t+cku ls Damn Hindu (rPq N fgUn)w vkjS Black man (dkyk vkneh) vkfn luq rs gh os ikxy gks mBrs FksA mudks o+Qne&o+Qne ij ns'k dh bT+t+r o lEeku [k+rjs esa ut+j vkus yxsA ?kj dh ;kn vkus ij t+athjksa esa tdM+k gqvk foo'k Hkkjr lkeus vk tkrkA mudk dksey fny èkhjs&èkhjs l[+r gksus yxk vkSj ns'k dh vkt+knh ds fy, ft+Unxh o+QqckZu djus dk fu'p; n`<+ gksrk x;kA muds fny ij ml le; D;k xqt+jrh Fkh] ;g ge dSls le> ldrs gSaA ;g vlEHko Fkk fd os puS ls jg ikrAs gj le; muds lkeus ;g ç'u mBus yxk fd ;fn 'kkfUr ls dke u pyk rks ns'k vkt+kn fdl rjg gksxk\\ fiQj fcuk vfèkd lksps mUgksaus Hkkjrh; et+nwjksa dk laxBu 'kq: dj fn;kA muesa vkt+knh dh Hkkouk mHkjus yxhA gj et+nwj ds ikl ?k.Vksa cSBdj os le>kus yxs fd vieku ls Hkjh X+kqykeh dh ft+Unxh ls rks ekSr gt+kj ntkZ vPNh gSA dke 'kq: gksus ij vkSj yksx Hkh muls vk feysA ebZ] 1912 esa bu yksxksa dh ,d [k+kl cSBd gqbZA blesa dqN pqfuUnk fgUnqLrkuh 'kkfey gq,A lHkh us ns'k dh vkt+knh ds fy, ru] eu] èku U;ksNkoj djus dk ç.k fy;kA bUgha fnuksa iatkc ds tykoru ns'kHkDr Hkxoku ¯lg ogk¡ igp¡q As èkMk+ èkM+ tyls gkus s yx]s min's k gkus s yxAs dke ls dke pyrk x;kA eSnku rS;kj gks x;kA fiQj v[k+ckj dh t+:jr eglwl gksus yxhA ^x+nj* uked v[k+ckj fudkyk x;kA bldk çFke vad uoEcj 1913 esa fudkyk x;kA blds lEikndh; foHkkx esa drkZj ¯lg Hkh FksA vkidh o+Qye esa vFkkg tks'k FkkA lEikndh; foHkkx ds yksx v[k+ckj dks gS.M çsl ij Nkirs FksA drkZj ¯lg ØkfUr&ilUn erokys uktS oku FkAs çls pykrs g,q Fkd tkus ij os xhr xk;k djrs Fks μ lsok ns'k nh ftUnfM+, cM+h vkS[kh] xYyk¡ djuhvk¡ <sj lq[kYyh;k¡ usA ftUuk¡ ns'klsok fop iSj ik;k] mUuk¡ yD[k eqlhcrk¡ >fYy;k¡ usA (n's klos k djuh cgrq efq 'dy g]S tcfd ckras djuk [k+ cw vklku gAS ftUgkuas s ns'klsok ds jkLrs ij o+Qne mBk fy;k os yk[k eqlhcrsa >syrs gSaA) drkZj ¯lg ftl yxu ls ifjJe djrs Fks mlls lHkh dh fgEer c<+ tkrh FkhA Hkkjr dks fdl rjg vkt+kn djk;k tk;s] ;g fdlh vkSj dks irk pys ;k ugha] vkSj fdlh us bl loky ij lkspk gks ;k ugha] ysfdu drkZj ¯lg us bl loky ij cgqr dqN lksp j[kk FkkA blh nkSjku vki U;w;kdZ esa foeku dEiuh esa Hkjrh gks x;s vkSj ogha fny yxkdj dke lh[kus yxsA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 139

flrEcj] 1914 eas dkekxkVkek: tgkt+ dks vR;kpkjh xkjs s lkekz T;okfn;kas ds gkFk ls vo.kZuh; ;kruk,¡ >syus ij oSls ykSVuk iM+kA rc gekjs drkZj ¯lg] ØkfUrfç; xqIrk vkSj ,d vesfjdh vjktdrkoknh tSd dks lkFk ysdj tkiku vk;s vkSj dkscs esa ckck xqjfnÙk ¯lg th ls feydj lc ckrphr dhA ;qxkUrj vkJe] lkuç+QkaflLdks ds x+nj çsl esa ^x+nj vkSj x+nj dh xw¡t* vkSj vU; cgqr&lh iqLrdsa Nkidj ck¡Vh tkrh jghaA fnuksfnu çpkj c<+rk x;kA tks'k c<+rk x;kA i+Qjojh] 1914 esa LVkdju ds ifCyd tyls esa vkt+knh dk >.Mk ygjk;k x;k vkjS vkt+knh vkjS cjkcjh ds uke ij o+Qlesa [kk;h x;haA bl tyls ds eq[; oDrkvksa esa drkZj ¯lg Hkh FksA lHkh us ?kks\"k.kk dh fd og vius [+kwu&ilhus dh dekbZ ,d&,d dj ns'k dh vkt+knh ds la?k\"kZ esa yxk nsaxsA blh rjg fnu xqt+jrs jgsA vpkud ;wjksi esa çFke fo'o;q¼ fNM+us dh [k+cj vk;hA os [+kq'kh ls iQwys ugha lekrs FksA ,dne lHkh xkus yxs μ pyks pysa ns'k ds fy, ;q¼ djus] ;gh vkf[k+jh opu o i+Qjeku gks x;sA drkjZ ¯lg us n's k ykVS us dk tk+ js kas ls çpkj fd;kA fiQj Lo;a tgkt+ ij lokj gkds j dkys Ecks (Jhyda k) igp¡q x;As bu fnukas vefs jdk ls ita kc vkus okys çk;% fMiQ+ las vkWiQ+ bf.M;k oQ+ kuuw (Mh-vkb-Z vkj-) dh idM+ eas vk tkrs FkAs cgrq de lgh&lyker igq¡p ikrs FksA drkZj ¯lg lgh&lyker vk x;sA cM+s t+ksjksa ls dke 'kq: gqvkA laxBu dh deh Fkh] ysfdu fdlh rjg og iwjh dh x;hA fnlEcj] 1914 esa ejkBk ukStoku fo\".kq x.ks'k ¯ixys Hkh vk x;sA budh dksf'k'k ls Jh 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky vkSj jklfcgkjh iatkc vk;sA drkZj ¯lg gj le; gj txg igq¡prsA vkt eksxk esa xqIr eh¯Vx gSA vki ogk¡ Hkh gSaA dy ykgkSj ds fo|k£Fk;ksa esa çpkj gks jgk gS] vki fiQj çFke iafDr esa gSaA vxys fnu fi+Qjkst+iqj Nkouh ds lSfudksa ls x¡BtksM+ gks jgk gSA fiQj gfFk;kjksa ds fy, dydÙkk tk jgs gSaA #i;s dh deh dk ç'u mBus ij vkius Mkdk Mkyus dh lykg nhA MdSrh dk uke lqurs gh cgqr&ls yksx LrfEHkr jg x;s] ysfdu vkius dg fn;k fd dksbZ Hk; ugha gSA HkkbZ ijekuUn Hkh MdSrh ls lger gSaA muls iqf\"V djokus dh ft+Eesnkjh vki ij Mkyh x;hA vxys fnu cx+Sj muls feys gh dg fn;k] ¶iwN vk;k g]¡w os lger gAaS ¸ os ;g lgu ugha dj ldrs Fks fd dos y #i;s dh deh ls foæksg dh rS;kjh esa nsjh gksA ,d fnu os MdSrh Mkyus ,d xk¡o x;sA drkZj ¯lg usrk FksA MdSrh py jgh FkhA ?kj esa ,d csgn [+kwclwjr yM+dh Hkh FkhA mls ns[kdj ,d ikih vkRek dk eu Mksy x;kA mlus t+cjnLrh yM+dh dk gkFk idM+ fy;kA yM+dh us ?kcjkdj 'kksj epk fn;kA drkZj ¯lg ,dne fjokYoj rkudj mlds ut+nhd 140 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

igq¡p x;s vkSj ml vkneh ds ekFks ij fiLrkSy j[kdj mls fugRFkk dj fn;kA fiQj dM+ddj cksys] ¶ikih! rsjk vijkèk cgqr xEHkhj gSA rqEgsa lt+k&,&ekSr feyuh pkfg,] ysfdu gkykr dh etcwjh ls rqEgsa eki+Q fd;k tkrk gSA i+QkSju bl yM+dh ds ik¡oksa esa fxjdj eki+Qh ek¡x fd gs cfgu! eq>s eki+Q dj nksA vkSj bldh ekrk th ds ijS Ndw j dg fd ekrk th] eaS bl iru ds fy, ekiQ+ h pkgrk gw¡A ;fn os rqEgsa eki+Q dj nsa rks rqEgsa ft+Unk NksM+ fn;k tk;sxk ojuk xksyh ls mM+k fn;k tk;sxkA¸ mlus ,slk gh fd;kA ckr vHkh T+;knk ugha c<+h FkhA ;g ns[kdj ek&¡ cVs h dh vk[¡ kas Hkj vk;hAa ek¡ us drkjZ ¯lg dks I;kj Hkjs ygts eas dgk] ¶cVs k! ,sls èkekZRek vkSj lq'khy ukStoku gksdj vki bl dke esa fdl rjg 'kkfey gq,\\¸ drkZj ¯lg dk Hkh fny Hkj vk;k vkSj dgk] ¶ek¡ th! #i;s ds ykyp esa geus ;g dke 'kq: ugha fd;kA viuk lcdqN nk¡o ij yxkdj MdSrh Mkyus vk;s gSaA gfFk;kj [k+jhnus ds fy, #i;s dh t+:jr gSA og dgk¡ ls yk;sa\\ ek¡ th] blh egku dke ds fy, vkt bl dke ij etcwj gq, gSaA¸ bl le; ij ;g n`'; cM+k nnZukd FkkA ek¡ us fiQj dgk] ¶bl yM+dh dh 'kknh djuh gSA blds fy, dqN NksM+ tkvks rks vPNk gSA¸ blds ckn mUgksaus viuk lkjk èku ek¡ ds lkeus j[k fn;k vkSj dgk] ¶ftruk pkgsa ys ysaA¸ dqN iSlk j[kdj ek¡ us cko+Qh lkjk #i;k drkZj ¯lg dh >ksyh esa Mky fn;k vkSj vk'khokZn fn;k] ¶tkvks csVk] rqEgsa liQyrk feysA¸ MdSrh tSls Hk;kud dke esa 'kkfey gksdj Hkh drkZj ¯lg dk fny fdruk Hkkouke;] ifo=k o fo'kky Fkk] ;g bl ?kVuk ls t+kfgj gSA i+Qjojh] 1915 esa foæksg dh rS;kjh FkhA igys lIrkg vki ¯ixys vkSj nwljs nks&rhu lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk vkxjk] dkuiqj] bykgkckn] y[kuÅ] esjB o vU; dbZ LFkkuksa ij er vkSj foæksg ds fy, muls esy&feyki dj vk;sA vkf[k+j og fnu o+Qjhc vkus yxk] ftldk cM+h nsjh ls bUrt+kj gks jgk FkkA 21 i+Qjojh] 1915 Hkkjr eas foækgs dk fnu fu;r gvq k FkkA blh ds vulq kj r;S kjh gks jgh FkhA yfs du blh le; mudh vk'kkvksa ds o`{k dh tM+ esa cSBk ,d pwgk mls dqrj jgk FkkA pkj&ik¡p fnu igys lUnsg gqvk fd fdjiky ¯lg dh x+íkjh ls lc èoLr gks tk;sxkA blh vk'kadk ls drkZj ¯lg us jklfcgkjh cksl ls foæksg dh rkjh[k+ 21 dh ctk; 19 i+Qjojh djus ds fy, dgkA ,slk gksus ij Hkh bldh Hkud fdjiky ¯lg dks fey x;hA bl ØkfUrdkjh ny esa ,d x+íkj dk gksuk fdrus [k+rjukd ifj.kke dk dkj.k cukA jklfcgkjh vkSj drkZj ¯lg Hkh dksbZ mfpr çcUèk u gksus ls viuk Hksn fNik ugha ik;sA bldk dkj.k Hkkjr ds nqHkkZX; ds flok; vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS\\ drkZj ¯lg fiNys i+QSlys ds vuqlkj ipkl&lkB lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk fi+Qjkst+iqj tk igq¡psA vius lkFkh lSfud goynkj ls feys vkSj foæksg dh ckr dhA ysfdu fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 141

fdjiky ¯lg us rks igys ls gh lkjk ekeyk fcxkM+ fn;k FkkA fgUnqLrkuh flikgh fugRFks dj fn;s x;sA èkM+kèkM+ fxjÝ+rkfj;k¡ gksus yxhaA goynkj us lgk;rk djus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA drkjZ ¯lg dh dkfs 'k'k vliQy jghA fujk'k gks ykgkjS vk;As iatkcHkj esa fxjÝ+rkfj;ksa dk pDdj rst+ gks x;kA vc lkFkh Hkh VwVus yxsA ,slh fLFkfr eas jklfcgkjh ckls ek;lw gkds j ykgkjS ds ,d edku eas yVs s g,q FkAs drkjZ ¯lg Hkh ogha vkdj ,d pkjikbZ ij nwljh vksj eq¡g iQsj ysV x;sA ijLij dksbZ ckr ugha dh] ysfdu pqipki gh ,d&nwljs ds fny dh gkyr le> x;sA budh gkyr dk vuqeku ge D;k yxk ldrs gSa! njs&rnchj ij lj iQksM+uk 'kso% jgk viuk] olhys gkFk gh uk vk;s fo+QLer vkt+ekbZ dsA (gekjk dke HkkX; ds nj ij lj iQksM+uk gh jgk] ysfdu HkkX; vkt+ekus ds lkèku gh gkFk ugha vk;sA) mudh rks ;gh [+okfg'k Fkh fd dgha yM+kbZ gks vkSj os vius ns'k ds fy, yM+rs&yM+rs çk.k ns nsaA fiQj ljxksèkk ds ut+nhd pDd uEcj ik¡p esa vk x;sA fiQj foæksg dk ppkZ NsM+ fn;kA ogha idM+s x;sA t+athjksa esa tdM+s x;sA fuHkhZd foæksgh drkZj ¯lg dks ykgkSj LVs'ku ij yk;k x;kA iqfyl dIrku ls dgk] ¶feLVj Vkefdu] dqN [kkuk rks ykb;sA¸ og fdruk eLr&ekSyk FkkA bl vkd\"kZd O;fDrRo dks ns[kdj nksLr o nq'eu lc [+kq'k gks tkrs FksA fxjÝ+rkjh ds le; os cgqr [+kq'k FksA çk;% dgk djrs Fks] ¶ohjrk vkSj fgEer ls ejus ij eq>s foæksgh dh mikfèk nsukA dksbZ ;kn djs rks foæksgh drkZj ¯lg dgdj ;kn djsA¸ eqo+Qnek pykA ml le; drkZj ¯lg dh vk;q dqy lk<+s vBkjg o\"kZ FkhA lcls de vk;q ds vijkèkh vki gh Fks] ysfdu tt us buds lEcUèk esa ;g fy[kk μ ¶og bu vijkfèk;ksa esa] lcls [k+rjukd vijkfèk;ksa esa ,d gSA vesfjdk dh ;k=kk ds nkSjku vkSj fiQj Hkkjr esa bl \"kM~;U=k dk ,slk dksbZ fgLlk ugha ftlesa mlus egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk u fuHkk;h gksA¸ ,d fnu vkids c;ku nsus dh ckjh vk;hA vkius lcdqN eku fy;kA vki ØkfUrdkjh c;ku nsrs jgsA tt o+Qye nk¡rksa ds uhps nck;s ns[krk jgkA ,d 'kCn u fy[kkA ckn esa bruk dgk] ¶drkZj ¯lg] vHkh vkidk c;ku fy[kk ugha x;kA vki lksp&le>dj c;ku nsaA vki tkurs gSa fd vkids c;ku dk D;k ifj.kke gks ldrk gS\\¸ ns[kus okys dgrs gSa fd tt ds bu 'kCnksa dks drkZj ¯lg us cM+h eLrkuh vnk ls dsoy bruk dgk] ¶iQk¡lh gh rks p<+k nsaxs] vkSj D;k\\ ge blls ugha MjrsA¸ bl fnu vnkyr dh dkjoZ kbZ lekIr gks x;hA vxys fnu fiQj drkjZ ¯lg dk vnkyr esa c;ku 'kq: gqvkA igys fnu ttksa dk dqN ,slk fopkj Fkk 142 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fd drkjZ ¯lg HkkbZ ijekuUn ds b'kkjs ij ,ls k c;ku ns jgs g]aS yfs du og foækgs h drkZj ¯lg ds fny dh xgjkb;ksa esa ugha mrj ldrs FksA drkZj ¯lg dk c;ku vfèkd t+ksjnkj] vfèkd tks'khyk vkSj igys fnu dh rjg gh bo+Qckfy;k FkkA vkf[kj+ eas vkius dgk] ¶vijkèk ds fy, e>q s meoz QS+ n dh ltk+ feyxs h ;k iQkl¡ hA ysfdu eSa iQk¡lh dks çkFkfedrk nw¡xk] rkfd fiQj tUe ysdj μ tc rd fgUnqLrku vkt+kn ugha gks] rc rd eSa ckj&ckj tUe ysdj μ iQk¡lh ij yVdrk jgw¡xkA ;gh esjh vfUre bPNk gS---¸ vkidh ohjrk ls tt cgqr çHkkfor gq,] ysfdu mUgksaus fo'kky fnyokys n'q eu dh rjg vkidh ohjrk dks ohjrk u dgdj c's kehZ ds 'kCnkas eas ;kn fd;kA drkZj ¯lg dks fli+QZ xkfy;k¡ gh ugha] ekSr dh lt+k Hkh feyhA vkius eqLdqjkrs gq, ttkas dks èkU;okn fn;kA drkjZ ¯lg iQkl¡ h dh dkBs jh esa oQ+S n FksA vkids nknk us vkdj dgk] ¶drkZj ¯lg] ftuds fy, ej jgs gks] os rqEgsa xkfy;k¡ nsrs gSaA rqEgkjs ejus ls ns'k dks dqN ykHk gksxk] ,slk Hkh fn[kk;h ugha nsrkA¸ drkZj ¯lg us cgqr èkhes ls iwNk μ ¶nknk th] iQyk¡ fj'rsnkj dgk¡ gS\\¸ ¶Iysx esa ej x;kA¸ ¶iQyk¡ dgk¡ gS\\¸ ¶gSts ls ej x;kA¸ ¶rks D;k vki pkgrs gSa fd drkZj ¯lg eghuksa fcLrj ij iM+k jgs vkSj ihM+k ls nq[kh fdlh jksx ls ejs! D;k ml ekSr ls ;g ekSr gt+kj xquk vPNh ugha\\¸ nknk pqi gks x;sA vkt fiQj loky mBrk gS fd muds ejus ls D;k ykHk gqvk\\ og fdlfy, ej\\s bldk tokc fcYdyq Li\"V gAS n's k ds fy, ejAs mudk vkn'kZ gh n's k&los k ds fy, yM+rs gq, ejuk FkkA os blls T+;knk dqN ugha pkgrs FksA ejuk Hkh xqeuke jgdj pkgrs FksA peu t+kjs eqgCcr esa] mlh us ckx+ckuh dh] ftlus fegur dks gh fegur dk lej tkukA ugha gksrk gS eqgrkts uqekb'k i+QSt+ 'kcue dk] v¡èksjh jkr esa eksrh yqVk tkrh gS xqy'ku esaA Ms<+ lky rd eqo+Qnek pykA 16 uoEcj] 1915 dk fnu Fkk] tc mUgsa iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA ml fnu Hkh ges'kk dh rjg [+kq'k FksA budk ot+u nl ik.S M c<+ x;k FkkA ^Hkkjrekrk dh t;* dgrs gq, os iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij >wy x;As fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 143

ddw k foækgs % ,d i+Qjojh] 1928 esa fnYyh ls çdkf'kr ^egkjFkh* esa dwdk&foæksg ds bfrgkl dh tkudkjh nsus okyk Hkxr¯lg dk ;g ys[k ch-,l- flUèkw uke ls Nik FkkA μ l- flD[kksa esa ,d mi lEçnk; gS] tks ^ukeèkkjh* ;k dwdk dgykrk gSA bldk bfrgkl dqN cgqr iqjkuk ugha gSA xr 'krkCnh ds mÙkjk¼Z esa gh bldk vkfoHkkZo gqvk FkkA vkt og ,d ladqfpr èkk£ed lEçnk; nh[k iM+rk gS] ijUrq blds lLa Fkkid Jh x#q jke ¯lg ,d dV~Vj foIyoh FkAs ,d çfl¼ b'Z ojHkDr] lekt ds nks\"k ns[kdj ,d foæksgh lekt&lqèkkjd cu x;k vkSj ,d lPps lekt&lèq kkjd dh Hkkf¡ r] tc og de{Z k=s k eas vxlz j gvq k rks mlus n[s kk fd n's k dh mUufr ds fy, ijkèkhurk dh csfM+;ksa dk dkVuk ijeko';d gSA fons'kh 'kklu ds fo#¼ foæksg dh rS;kjh dk fojkV vk;kstu gqvkA mldh rS;kjh esa gh tks dqN >xM+k&i+Qlkn gks x;k Fkk] mlh ls 'kkldksa dks leLr vkUnksyu ds dqpy Mkyus dk lqvolj fey x;k vkSj ml lc ç;kl dk fu\"iQyrk ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN ifj.kke u fudy ldkA dwdk vkUnksyu dk bfrgkl] vkt rd yksxksa ds lkeus ugha vk;kA fdlh us mUgsa egÙoiw.kZ ugha le>kA dwdksa dks HkVds gq, rFkk ew[kZ dgdj ge vius dÙkZO; ls NqV~Vh ik tkrs gSaA LokFkZ ds fy, vFkok yksHk ds fy, ;fn mu yksxksa us çk.k fn;s gksrs rks ge mis{kk fn[kk ldrs Fks] ijUrq mudh rks ^ew[kZrk* esa Hkh ^ns'kçse* dk Hkko dwV&dwVdj Hkjk FkkA os rks rksi ds eq¡g ls c¡èkrs le; g¡l nsrs FksA os rks vkuUn ls ^lÙk Jh vdky* ds rqeqy fuukn ls vkdk'k&ikrky dks vkPNkfnr dj nsrs FksA muds eLrd ij O;Fkk] fpUrk vFkok i'pkrki dh js[kk Hkh ugha nh[k iM+rh FkhA D;k os Hkwy tkus ;ksX; gSa\\ mudk xq#rj vijkèk 'kk;n foiQyrk ds vfrfjDr dqN Hkh ughaA ijUrq LdkWV ohj fofy;e okyhl Hkh rks foiQy gks e`R;qn.M dk Hkkxh cuk FkkA mldh rks vkt leLr baXyS.M iwtk djrk gSA fiQj gekjs vliQy ns'kHkDr gh bl rjg D;ksa Hkqykdj fufoM+ vUèkdkj esa iQsad fn;s tk;sa\\ vLrqA 144 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+