Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

fe=k vejpUn dks fy[kk Hkxr¯lg dk i=k Hkxr¯lg us ;g i=k vius fe=k vejpUn dks 1927 eas fy[kk Fkk tks ml le; vesfjdk esa i<+ jgs FksA μ l- I;kjs HkkbZ vejpUn th] ueLrAs vt+Z gS fd bl ni+Qk vpkud ek¡ ds chekj gksus ij bèkj vk;k vkSj vkidh eksgrfjek okYnk (vknj.kh;k ek¡) ds n'kZu gq,A vkidk [k+r i<+kA buds fy, ;g [k+r fy[kkA lkFk gh nks&pkj vYi+Qkt+ fy[kus dk ekSo+Qk fey x;kA D;k fy[kw¡] dje ¯lg foyk;r x;k gS] mldk irk Hkstk tk jgk gSA vHkh rks mlus fy[kk gS fd ykW i<+sxk] exj dSls py jgk gS] lks [+kqnk tkus] [+kpZ cgqr T+;knk gks jgk gSA HkkbZ] gekjh eqekfyd x+Sj (fons'k) esa tkdj rkyhe gkfly djus dh [+okfg'k [+kwc ik;eky (cjckn) gqbZA vPNk] rqEgha yksxksa dks lc eqckjo+Q] dHkh ekSo+Qk feys rks dksbZ vPNh&vPNh o+Qqrc (iqLrdsa) Hkstus dh rdyhi+Q mBkukA vkf[k+j vesfjdk esa fyVªspj rks cgqr gSA [k+Sj] vHkh rks viuh rkyhe esa cqjh rjg iQ¡ls gq, gksA lkuç+QkaflLdks ox+Sjg dh rji+Q ls ljnkjth (vthr ¯lg th) dk 'kk;n dqN irk fey ldsA dksf'k'k djukA de vt+ de ft+Unxh dk ;o+Qhu rks gks tk;As eaS vHkh ykgkjS tk jgk gA¡w dHkh ekoS Q+ k feys rks [kr+ rgjhj iQ+ jekb;xs kA irk lw=k e.Mh ykgkSj gksxkA vkSj D;k fy[kw¡\\ dqN fy[kus dks ugha gSA esjk gky Hkh [+kwc gSA ckjgk (dbZ ckj) eqlk;c (eqlhcrksa) dk f'kdkj gksuk iM+kA vkf[k+j dsl okil ys fy;k x;kA cknok¡ (ckn esa) fiQj fxjÝ+rkj gqvkA lkB gt+kj dh tekur ij fjgk gw¡A vHkh rd dksbZ eqo+Qnek esjs f[k+yki+Q rS;kj ugha gks ldk vkSj b'Z oj us pkgk rks gks Hkh ugha ldxs kA vkt ,d cjl gkus s dks vk;k] exj tekur tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 395

okil ugha yh x;hA ftl rjg bZ'oj dks eaT+kwj gksxkA [+okge[+okg rax djrs gSaA1 HkkbZ] [+kwc fny yxkdj rkyhe gkfly djrs pys tkvksA vkidk rkcsnkj Hkxr¯lg vius eqrkfYyd vkSj D;k fy[kw¡] [+okge[+okg 'kd dk f'kdkj cuk gqvk gA¡w ejs h Mkd #drh gAS [kr+ rw (i=k) [kkys fy;s tkrs gAaS u tkus eaS dlS s bl oQ+ nj 'kd dh fuxkg ls ns[kk tkus yxkA [k+Sj HkkbZ] vkf[k+j lPpkbZ lrg ij vk;sxh vkSj blh dh iQrg gksxhA 1 dkys v{kjksa esa fn;s 'kCn fy[kdj dkV fn;s x;s gSaA μ l- 396 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

l[q knos ds uke Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ekpZ] 1929 esa ifCyd lsÝ+Vh fcy dks vlsEcyh esa Hkkjrh; lnL;ksa }kjk jí djus ij nksckjk yk;k x;kA ;|fi fcy erx.kuk ls ikl ugha gks ldrk Fkk] rks Hkh ok;ljk; mls vk£Musal }kjk ykxw djuk pkgrs FksA jk\"Vªh; usrk ,d ckj fiQj fczfV'k ljdkj dh rko+Qr ds lkeus ykpkjh vkSj vçHkkoh gksus dh fLFkfr is'k dj jgs FkAs ,ls s le; ij Hkxr¯lg us l>q ko fn;k fd vlEs cyh gkyW eas ce dk èkekdk fd;k tk;s vkjS ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds fopkjkas ls turk dks f'kf{kr fd;k tk;As blds fy, nks lkfFk;ksa μ f'ko oekZ vkSj t;nso diwj dks pquk x;kA lq[knso ml eh¯Vx esa ugha FksA tc mUgsa bl i+QSlys dh tkudkjh gqbZ rks mUgksaus Hkxr¯lg ls dqN ,sls loky fd;s fd ikVhZ dh eh¯Vx nksckjk cqyk;h x;hA bl eh¯Vx esa Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk dks vlsEcyh gkWy esa ce dk èkekdk djus ds fy, pquk x;kA 8 vçSy] 1929 dks gkWy esa ce dk èkekdk fd;k x;kA lq[knso vkSj Hkxr¯lg esa dki+Qh ?kfu\"Brk Fkh vkSj cedk.M esa tkus okys O;fDr dks ysdj nksuksa esa dqN x+yri+Qgeh Hkh gqbZA mlh x+yri+Qgeh dks nwj djus ds fy, Hkxr¯lg us lq[knso dks ,d i=k fy[kkA uhps m¼`r ;g i=k 11 vçSy] 1929 dks lq[knso dh fxjÝ+rkjh ds le; muls cjken gqvk vkSj eqo+Qnes dh dkjZokbZ dk fgLlk cu x;kA μ l- fç; HkkbZ] tc rd rqEgsa ;g [k+r feysxk] eSa nwj eaft+y dh vksj tk pqdk gksÅ¡xkA esjk ;o+Qhu dj] vktdy eSa cgqr çlUufpÙk vius vkf[k+jh li+Qj ds fy, rS;kj gw¡A viuh ft+Unxh dh lkjh [+kqf'k;ksa vkSj eèkqj ;knksa ds ckotwn esjs fny esa ,d ckr vkt rd pHq krh jghA og ;g fd e>q s HkkbZ us xy+ r le>k vkjS e>q ij detk+ js h dk cgqr gh xEHkhj vkjksi yxk;kA vkt eSa igys ls dgha T+;knk iwjh rjg ls lUrq\"V gw¡A eSa vkt Hkh eglwl djrk gw¡ fd og ckr dqN Hkh ugha] cl x+yri+Qgeh FkhA x+yr 'kd FkkA esjs [kqys O;ogkj ds dkj.k eq>s ckrwuh le>k tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 397

x;k vkSj esjs }kjk lcdqN Lohdkj dj ysus dks det+ksjh ekuk x;kA ysfdu vkt eSa eglwl dj jgk gw¡ fd dksbZ x+yri+Qgeh ugha] eSa det+ksj ugha] viuksa esa ls fdlh ls Hkh det+ksj ughaA HkkbZ esjs] eSa lki+Q fny ls fonk yw¡xk vkSj rqEgkjh 'kadk Hkh nwj d:¡xkA blesa rqEgkjh cgqr Ñikyqrk gksxhA è;ku jgs] rqEgsa tYnckt+h ls dksbZ o+Qne ugha mBkuk pkfg,A lksp&le>dj vkSj 'kkfUr ls dke dks vkxs c<+kukA volj ik ysus dh tYnckt+h u djukA turk ds çfr tks rqEgkjk i+Qt+Z gS mls fuHkkrs gq, dke dks lkoèkkuhiwoZd djrs jgukA lykg ds rkSj ij eSa dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd 'kkL=kh eq>s igys ls vfèkd vPNk yx jgk gSA eSa mls lkeus ykus dh dksf'k'k djrk] c'krsZ fd og lkiQ+ xkbs Z ls viuvs ki dks ,d vè¡ kjs s Hkfo\"; ds fy, v£ir djus ds fy, lger gksA mls lkfFk;ksa ds ut+nhd vkus nks rkfd og muds vkpkj&fopkj dk vè;;u dj ldsA ;fn og v£ir Hkko ls dke djsxk rks dki+Qh ykHknk;d vkSj eYw ;oku fl¼ gkxs kA yfs du tYnckth+ u djukA req Lo;a vPNs ikj[kh gkAs ftl rjg t¡ps] ns[k ysukA vk esjs HkkbZ] vc ge [+kqf'k;k¡ euk ysaA [k+Sj] eSa dg ldrk gw¡ fd cgl ds ekeys esa eq>ls vius i{k is'k fd;s fcuk ugha jgk tkrkA eaS ijq tk+ js dgrk g¡w fd eaS vk'kkvkas vkjS vkdk{a kkvkas ls Hkjijw thou dh leLr jxa hfu;kas ls vkrs çkrs g]¡w yfs du oDr+ vkus ij eaS lcdNq oQ+ cq kuZ dj nw¡xkA lgh vFkks± esa ;gh cfynku gSA ;s oLrq,¡ euq\"; dh jkg esa dHkh Hkh vojksèk ugha cu ldrha] c'krsZ fd og bUlku gksA tYn gh rqEgsa bldk çek.k fey tk;xs kA fdlh ds pfj=k ds lUnHkZ eas fopkj djrs le; ,d ckr fopkj.kh; gksuh pkfg, fd D;k I;kj fdlh bUlku ds fy, ennxkj lkfcr gqvk gS\\ bldk tokc eSa vkt nsrk gw¡ μ gk¡ og esftuh Fkk] rqeus vo'; i<+k gksxk fd vius igys ukdke foæksg] eu dks dqpy Mkyus okyh gkj dk nq[k vkSj fnoaxr lkfFk;ksa dh ;kn μ ;g lc og cjnk'r ugha dj ldrk FkkA og ikxy gks tkrk ;k [+kqnd'kh dj ysrkA ysfdu çsfedk ds ,d i=k ls og nwljksa ftruk gh ugha] cfYd lcls vfèkd et+cwr gks x;kA tgk¡ rd I;kj ds uSfrd Lrj dk lEcUèk gS] eSa ;g dg ldrk gw¡ fd ;g vius esa ,d Hkkouk ls vfèkd dqN Hkh ugha vkSj ;g i'kqo`fÙk ugha cfYd eèkqj ekuoh; Hkkouk gSA I;kj lnSo ekuo pfj=k dks Å¡pk djrk gS] dHkh Hkh uhpk ugha fn[kkrk c'krsZ fd I;kj I;kj gksA bu yM+fd;ksa (çsfedkvksa) dks dHkh Hkh ikxy ugha dgk tk ldrk gS tSlkfd ge fi+QYeksa esa ns[krs gSa μ os lnSo ik'kfod o`fÙk ds gkFkksa esa [ksyrh gSaA lPpk I;kj dHkh Hkh l`ftr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g vius gh vki vkrk gS μ dc] dksbZ dg ugha ldrk\\ eSa ;g dg ldrk gw¡ fd ukStoku ;qod&;qorh vkil esa I;kj dj ldrs 398 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gaS vkjS os vius I;kj ds lgkjs vius vkoxs kas ls Åij mB ldrs gAaS viuh ifo=krk o+Qk;e j[ks jg ldrs gSaA eSa ;gk¡ Li\"V dj nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tc eSaus I;kj dks ekuoh; det+ksjh dgk Fkk rks ;g fdlh lkekU; O;fDr dks ysdj ugha dgk Fkk] tgk¡ rd fd ckSf¼d Lrj ij lkekU; O;fDr gksrs gSa ij og lcls mPp vkn'kZ fLFkfr gkxs h tc eu\"q ; I;kj] ?k`.kk vkjS vU; lHkh Hkkoukvkas ij fu;U=k.k ik yxs kA tc euq\"; deZ ds vkèkkj ij viuk i{k viuk;sxkA ,d O;fDr dh nwljs O;fDr ls I;kj dh eSaus fuUnk dh gS] og Hkh ,d vkn'kZ fLFkfr gksus ijA euq\"; ds ikl I;kj dh ,d xgjh Hkkouk gksuh pkfg, ftls og ,d O;fDr fo'ks\"k rd lhfer u djds loZO;kih cuk nsA esjs fopkj ls eSaus vius i{k dks dki+Qh Li\"V dj fn;k gSA gk¡] ,d ckr eSa rEq gas [kk+ lrkjS ij crkuk pkgrk g¡w fd ckotnw ØkfUrdkjh fopkjkas ds ge ufS rdrk lEcUèkh lHkh lkekftd èkkj.kkvksa dks ugha viuk ldsA ØkfUrdkjh ckrsa djds bl det+ksjh dks cgqr ljyrk ls fNik;k tk ldrk gS] ysfdu okLrfod thou esa ge rqjUr gh Fkj&Fkj dk¡iuk 'kq: dj nsrs gSaA eaS req ls vtZ+ d:x¡ k fd ;g detk+ js h R;kx nkAs vius eu eas fcuk dkbs Z xy+ r Hkkouk yk;s vR;Ur uezrkiwoZd D;k eSa rqels vkxzg dj ldrk gw¡ fd rqeesa tks vfr vkn'koZ kn gS mls FkkMs k+ &lk de dj nkAs tks ihNs jgxas s vkjS ejs h tlS h chekjh dk f'kdkj gksaxs] muls cs#[k+h dk O;ogkj u djuk] f>M+ddj muds nq[k&nnks± dks u c<+kuk] D;ksafd mudks rqEgkjh gennhZ dh t+:jr gSA D;k eSa ;g vk'kk j[kw¡ fd rqe fdlh fo'ks\"k O;fDr ds çfr [kqUnd j[kus ds ctk; muls gennhZ j[kksxs] mudks bldh cgqr t+:jr gSA rqe rc rd bu ckrksa dks ugha le> ldrs tc rd fd Lo;a bl pht+ dk f'kdkj u cuksA ysfdu eSa ;g lcdqN D;ksa fy[k jgk gw¡\\ njvly eSa viuh ckrsa Li\"V rkSj ij dguk pkgrk gw¡A eSaus viuk fny [kksy fn;k gSA rqEgkjh liQyrkvksa vkSj thou ds fy, 'kqHkdkeukvksa ds lkFkA rEq gkjk] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 399

firk ds uke Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ;g i=k Hkxr¯lg us vlEs cyh gkyW eas ce iQdas us ds ckn fnYyh tys ls vius firk th dks fy[kk FkkA μ l- fnYyh tsy] 26 vçSy] 1929 iwT; firk th] vt+Z ;g gS fd ge yksx 22 vçSy dks iqfyl dh gokykr esa fnYyh tsy esa rCnhy dj fn;s x;s gaSA yxHkx ,d eghus esa lkjk ukVd lekIr gks tk;sxkA T+;knk fpUrk djus dh t+:jr ughaA eq>s irk pyk Fkk fd vki ;gk¡ vk;s Fks vkSj fdlh odhy vkfn ls ckrphr dh Fkh] ysfdu dksbZ bUrt+ke u gks ldkA ijlksa eq>s diM+s fey x;s FksA ftl fnu vki vk;saxs vc eqyko+Qkr gks tk;sxhA odhy vkfn dh dksbZ [k+kl t+:jr ugha gSA gk¡] ,d&nks uqDrksa ij FkksM+k&lk e'kojk ysuk pkgrk gw¡] ysfdu os dksbZ [k+kl egÙo ugha j[krsA vki fcuk otg T+;knk d\"V u djsaA vxj vki feyus vk;sa rks vdsys gh vkukA cscs th (ek¡) dks lkFk u ykukA [k+ke[k+kg esa os jks iM+saxh vkSj eq>s Hkh dqN rdyhi+Q t+:j gkxs hA ?kj ds lc gkykr vkils eyq koQ+ kr ij ekyew gks tk;xas As gk]¡ vxj lEHko gks rks ^xhrk jgL;*] ^usiksfy;u dh thouxkFkk* tks vkidks esjh fdrkcksa esa ls fey tk;saxh vkSj vaxzst+h ds dqN vPNs miU;kl ysrs vkukA cscs th (ek¡)] ekeh th] ekrk th vkSj pkph th dks pj.kLi'kZA dqychj ¯lg] dqyrkj ¯lg dks ueLrAs ckiw th dks pj.kLi'kAZ bl le; ifq yl gokykr vkjS tys eas gels cgqr vPNk O;ogkj gks jgk gSA vki fdlh fo+QLe dh fi+QØ u djukA eq>s vkidk irk ugha ekywe] blfy, bl irs ij fy[k jgk gw¡A vkidk vkKkdkjh] Hkxr¯lg 400 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

l[q knos dks Hk[w k gMr+ ky ds nkjS ku Hkxr¯lg dk ,d vkSj i=k Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: gksus ds ckn Hkkjrh; turk dh psruk esa Hkxr¯lg o cVqds'oj nÙk xgjs mrjrs x;sA Hkxr¯lg ds 'kCnksa esa ^gekjk d\"V lguk iQyhHkwr gqvkA lkjs ns'k esa ,d tu&vkUnksyu fNM+ x;kA ge vius y{; esa liQy jgsA* 13 flrEcj] 1929 dks ;rhUæukFk nkl 63 fnu dh Hkw[k gM+rky ds ckn 'kghn gks x;sA tc mudk ik£Fko 'kjhj ykgkSj ls dydÙkk ys tk;k tk jgk Fkk rks gj cM+s 'kgj ds LVs'ku ij yk[kksa dh HkhM+ muds vfUre n'kZuksa ds fy, meM+ iM+rh FkhA dydÙkk esa 4 yk[k yksx muds vfUre laLdkj esa 'kkfey gq,A bu fnuksa Hkxr¯lg vius fdu fopkjksa ds ekè;e ls viuh lkjh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs Fks] bldk Li\"V irk ml i=k esa pyrk gS] tks mUgksaus lq[knso ds lkFk py jgs fopkj&la?k\"kZ ds lUnHkZ esa fy[kk FkkA [ksn gS fd lq[knso ds ftl i=k ds mÙkj esa Hkxr¯lg us ;g egÙoiw.kZ [k+r fy[kk Fkk] og vkt miyCèk ugha gSA fiQj Hkh fopkj vkSj cgl ds vUrxZr vkus okys çk;% lHkh fcUnq ;gk¡ Li\"V gSaA μ l- d\"Vksa ls Hkkxuk dk;jrk gS fç; HkkbZ] eSaus vkids i=k dks dbZ ckj è;kuiwoZd i<+kA eSa vuqHko djrk gw¡ fd cnyh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa us ge ij vyx&vyx çHkko Mkyk gSA ftu ckrksa ls tsy ds ckgj ?k`.kk djrs Fks] os vkids fy, vc vfuok;Z gks pqdh gSaA blh çdkj eSa tsy ls ckgj ftu ckrksa dk fo'ks\"k :i ls leFkZu djrk Fkk] os vc esjs fy, fo'ks\"k egÙo ugha j[krhaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] eSa O;fDrxr çse dks fo'ks\"k :i ls ekuus okyk Fkk] ijUrq vc bl Hkkouk dk esjs ân; ,oa efLr\"d esa dksbZ fo'ks\"k LFkku ugha jgkA ckgj vki blds dM+s fojksèkh Fks] ijUrq bl lEcUèk esa vc vkids fopkjksa esa Hkkjh ifjorZu ,oa ØkfUr vk pqdh gSA vki bls ekuo&thou dk ,d vR;Ur vko';d ,oa vfuok;Z vax vuqHko djrs gSa vkSj vuqHkwfr ls vkidks ,d çdkj dk vkuUn Hkh çkIr gqvk gSA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 401

vkidks ;kn gksxk fd ,d fnu eSaus vkRegR;k ds fo\"k; esa vkils ppkZ dh FkhA rc eSaus vkidks crk;k Fkk] dbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkRegR;k mfpr gks ldrh gS] ijUrq vkius esjs bl n`f\"Vdks.k dk fojksèk fd;k FkkA eq>s ml ppkZ dk le; ,oa LFkku Hkyh çdkj ;kn gSA gekjh ;g ckr 'kga'kkgh dqfV;k esa 'kke ds le; gqbZ FkhA vkius et+ko+Q ds :i esa g¡lrs gq, dgk Fkk fd bl çdkj dh dk;jrk dk dk;Z dHkh mfpr ugha ekuk tk ldrkA vkius dgk Fkk fd bl çdkj dk dk;Z Hk;kud vkSj ?k`f.kr gS] ijUrq bl fo\"k; ij Hkh eSa ns[krk gw¡ fd vkidh jk; fcYdqy cny pqdh gSA vc vki mls dqN voLFkkvksa esa u dsoy mfpr] oju vfuok;Z ,oa vko';d vuqHko djrs gSaA esjh bl fo\"k; esa vc ogh jk; gS] tks igys vkidh Fkh] vFkkZr vkRegR;k ,d ?k`f.kr vijkèk gS] ;g iw.kZr% dk;jrk dk dk;Z gSA ØkfUrdkjh dk rks dguk gh D;k] dksbZ Hkh euq\"; ,sls dk;Z dks mfpr ugha Bgjk ldrkA vki dgrs gSa fd vki ;g ugha le> lds fd dsoy d\"V&lgu djus ls vki vius ns'k dh lsok fdl çdkj dj ldrs gSaA vki tSls O;fDr dh vksj ls ,slk ç'u djuk cM+s vk'p;Z dh ckr gS_ D;ksafd ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk ds è;s; ^lsok }kjk d\"Vksa dks lgu djuk ,oa cfynku djuk* dks geus lksp&le>dj fdruk I;kj fd;k FkkA eSa ;g le>rk gw¡ fd vkius vfèkd ls vfèkd lEHko lsok dhA vc og le; gS fd tks dqN vkius fd;k gS] mlds fy, d\"V mBk;saA nlw jh ckr ;g gS fd ;gh og volj g]S tc vkidks lkjh turk dk urs `Ro djuk gAS ekuo fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks mfpr ekudj gh djrk gS] tSlsfd geus ysftLysfVo vlsEcyh esa ce iQsadus dk dk;Z fd;k FkkA dk;Z djus ds i'pkr mldk ifj.kke vkjS mldk iQy Hkkxs us dh ckjh vkrh gAS D;k vkidk ;g fopkj gS fd ;fn geus n;k ds fy, fxM+fxM+krs gq, n.M ls cpus dk ç;Ru fd;k gksrk] rks gekjk ;g dk;Z mfpr gksrk\\ ugha] bldk çHkko yksxksa ij mYVk gksrkA vc ge vius y{; esa iw.kZr;k liQy gq, gSaA cUnh gksus ds le; gekjh laLFkk ds jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dh n'kk vR;Ur n;uh; FkhA geus mls lqèkkjus dk ç;kl çkjEHk dj fn;kA eSa vkidks iwjh xEHkhjrk ls crkrk gw¡ fd gesa ;g fo'okl Fkk fd ge cgqr de le; ds Hkhrj gh ej tk;saxsA gesa miokl dh fLFkfr esa Ñf=ke jhfr ls Hkkstu fn;s tkus dk u rks Kku gh Fkk] u gesa ;g fopkj lw>rk gh FkkA ge rks e`R;q ds fy, rS;kj FksA D;k vkidk ;g vfHkçk; gS fd ge vkRegR;k djuk pkgrs Fk\\s ugh]a ç;Ru'khy gksuk ,oa Js\"B vkSj mRÑ\"V vkn'kZ ds fy, thou ns nsuk dnkfi vkRegR;k ugha dgh tk ldrhA gekjs fe=k (Jh ;rhUæukFk nkl) dh e`R;q rks Li`g.kh; gSA D;k 402 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vki bls vkRegR;k dgsaxs\\ gekjk d\"V lgu djuk iQyhHkwr gqvkA leLr ns'k esa ,d fojkV vkSj loZO;kih vkUnksyu 'kq: gks x;kA ge vius y{; esa liQy gq,A bl çdkj ds la?k\"kZ esa ejuk ,d vkn'kZ e`R;q gSA blds vfrfjDr geesa ls ftu yksxksa dks ;g fo'okl gS fd mudks e`R;qn.M fn;k tk;sxk] mudks èkS;ZiwoZd ml fnu dh çrh{kk djuh pkfg, tc ;g lt+k lquk;h tk;sxh vkSj rRi'pkr mUgsa iQk¡lh nh tk;sxhA ;g e`R;q Hkh lqUnj gksxh] ijUrq vkRegR;k djuk] dsoy dqN nq[kksa ls cpus ds fy, vius thou dks lekIr dj nsuk] rks dk;jrk gSA eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd foifÙk;k¡ O;fDr dks iw.kZ cukus okyh gksrh gSaA eSa vkSj vki] oju eSa dgw¡xk] geesa ls fdlh us Hkh ¯dfpr d\"V lgu ugha fd;k gSA gekjs thou dk ;g Hkkx rks vHkh vkjEHk gksrk gSA vkidks ;g ;kn gksxk fd vusd ckj bl fo\"k; ij geus ckrphr dh gS fd :lh lkfgR; esa çR;sd LFkku ij tks okLrfodrk feyrh gS] og gekjs lkfgR; esa dnkfi ugha fn[kk;h nsrhA ge mudh dgkfu;ksa esa d\"Vksa vkSj nq[knk;h fLFkfr;ksa dks cgqr ilUn djrs gaS] ijUrq d\"V&lgu dh ml Hkkouk dks vius Hkhrj vuqHko ugha djrsA ge muds mUekn vkSj muds pfj=k dh vlkèkkj.k Åp¡ kb;kas ds ç'kla d g]aS ijUrq blds dkj.kkas ij lkps &fopkj djus dh dHkh fpUrk ugha djrsA eSa dgw¡xk fd dsoy foifÙk;k¡ lgu djus ds mYys[k us gh mu dgkfu;ksa esa lân;rk] nnZ dh xgjh Vhl vkSj muds pfj=k rFkk lkfgR; esa Å¡pkbZ mRiUu dh gSA gekjh n'kk ml le; n;uh; vkSj gkL;kLin gks tkrh gS] tc ge vius thou esa vdkj.k gh jgL;okn çfo\"V dj ysrs gSa] ;|fi blds fy, dksbZ çkÑfrd ;k Bksl vkèkkj ugha gksrkA gekjs tSls O;fDr;ksa dks] tks çR;sd n`f\"V ls ØkfUrdkjh gkus s dk xoZ djrs g]aS lnoS gj çdkj ls mu foifÙk;k]as fpUrkvk]as n[q kkas vkSj d\"Vksa dks lgu djus ds fy, rRij jguk pkfg, ftudks ge Lo;a vkjEHk fd;s la?k\"kZ ds }kjk vkefU=kr djrs gSa ,oa ftuds dkj.k ge viusvki dks ØkfUrdkjh dgrs gSaA eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tsyksa esa vkSj dsoy tsyksa esa gh dksbZ O;fDr vijkèk ,oa iki tlS s egku lkekftd fo\"k; dk çR;{k vè;;u djus dk volj ik ldrk gSA eSaus bl fo\"k; dk dqN lkfgR; i<+k gS vkSj tsysa gh ,sls fo\"k;ksa dk Lokè;k; djus ds lcls vfèkd mi;Dq r LFkku gAaS Lokè;k; dk loJZ \"s B Hkkx gS % Lo;a d\"Vksa dks lgukA vki Hkyh çdkj tkurs gSa fd :l esa jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dk cUnhx`gksa esa foifÙk;k¡ lgu djuk gh t+kj'kkgh dk r[+rk myVus ds i'pkr muds }kjk tsyksa ds çcUèk esa ØkfUr yk;s tkus dk lcls cM+k dkj.k FkkA D;k Hkkjr dks ,sls tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 403

O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk ugha gS] tks bl fo\"k; ls iw.kZr;k ifjfpr gksa vkSj bl leL;k dk futh vuqHko j[krs gksaA dsoy ;g dg nsuk fd nwljk dksbZ bl dke dks dj yxs k ;k bl dk;Z dks djus ds fy, cgrq ykxs g]aS fdlh çdkj Hkh mfpr ugha dgk tk ldrkA bl çdkj tks yksx ØkfUrdkjh {ks=k ds dk;ks± dk Hkkj nwljs yksxksa ij NksM+us dks vçfr\"Bkiw.kZ ,oa ?k`f.kr le>rs gSa] mUgsa iwjh yxu ds lkFk orZeku O;oLFkk ds fo#¼ la?k\"kZ vkjEHk dj nsuk pkfg,A mUgsa pkfg, fd os mu fofèk;ksa dk mYya?ku djsa] ijUrq mUgsa vkSfpR; dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,] D;ksafd vuko';d ,oa vufq pr ç;Ru dHkh Hkh U;k;i.w kZ ugha ekuk tk ldrkA bl çdkj dk vkUnksyu ØkfUr ds dk;Zdky dks cgqr lhek rd de dj nsxkA ftrus vkUnksyu vc rd vkjEHk gq, gSa] mu lcls i`Fkd jgus ds fy, vkius tks rdZ fn;s gSa] eSa mUgsa le>us esa vleFkZ gw¡A dqN fe=k ,sls gSa] tks ;k rks ew[kZ gSa ;k ukle>A os vkids bl O;ogkj dks (ftls os Lo;a dgrs gSa fd gesa ¯dfpr Hkh ugha le> ldrs] D;ksafd vki muls cgqr Å¡ps vkSj mudh le> ls cgqr ijs gSa) vuks[kk vkSj vn~Hkqr le>rs gSaA okLro esa ;fn vki ;g vuqHko djrs gaS fd cUnhx`g dk thou okLro esa viekuiw.kZ gS] rks vki mlds fo#¼ vkUnksyu djds mls lqèkkjus dk ç;kl D;ksa ugha djrs\\ lEHkor;k vki ;g dgsaxs fd ;g la?k\"kZ liQy ugha gks ldrk] ijUrq ;g rks ogh rdZ gS] ftldh vkM+ ysdj lkèkkj.kr;k fucZy yksx çR;sd vkUnksyu ls cpuk pkgrs gSaA ;g og mÙkj gS] ftls ge mu yksxksa ls lqurs jgs gSa] tks tsy ls ckgj ØkfUrdkjh ç;Ruksa esa lfEefyr gksus ls tku cpkuk pkgrs FksA D;k vkt ;gh mÙkj eSa vkids eq[k ls lqu¡qxk\\ dqN eqV~BhHkj dk;ZdrkZvksa ds vkèkkj ij laxfBr gekjh ikVhZ vius y{;ksa vkSj vkn'kks± dh rqyuk esa D;k dj ldrh Fkh\\ D;k ge blls ;g fu\"d\"kZ fudkysa fd geus bl dke ds çkjEHk djus esa furkUr Hkwy dh gS\\ ugha] bl çdkj dk ifj.kke fudkyuk mfpr ugha gksxkA blls rks ml O;fDr dh Hkhrjh fucZyrk çdV gksrh gS_ tks bl çdkj lksprk gSA vkxs pydj vki fy[krs gSa fd pkSng o\"kZ rd cUnhx`g ds d\"Vksa ls Hkjiwj thou fcrkus ds i'pkr fdlh O;fDr ls ;g vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrh fd ml le; Hkh mlds fopkj ogh gksaxs] tks tsy ls iwoZ Fks] D;ksafd tsy dk okrkoj.k mlds leLr fopkjksa dks jkSandj j[k nsxkA D;k eSa vkils iwN ldrk gw¡ fd D;k tsy ls ckgj dk okrkoj.k gekjs fopkjksa ds vuqdwy Fkk\\ fiQj Hkh vliQyrkvksa ds dkj.k D;k ge mls NksM+ ldrs Fks\\ D;k vkidk vk'k; ;g gS fd ;fn ge bl {ks=k esa u mrjs gksrs] rks dksbZ Hkh ØkfUrdkjh dk;Z dnkfi ugha gqvk gksrk\\ ;fn ,slk gS rks vki Hkwy dj jgs gSaA ;|fi ;g Bhd gS fd ge Hkh okrkoj.k 404 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dks cnyus esa cM+h lhek rd lgk;d fl¼ gq, gSa] rFkkfi ge rks dsoy vius le; dh vko';drk dh mit gSaA eSa rks ;g Hkh dgw¡xk fd lkE;okn dk tUenkrk ekDlZ] okLro esa bl fopkj dks tUe nus s okyk ugha FkkA vly eas ;jw kis dh vk|S kfs xd ØkfUr us gh ,d fo'k\"s k çdkj ds fopkjksa okys O;fDr mRiUu fd;s FksA muesa ekDlZ Hkh ,d FkkA gk¡] vius LFkku ij ekDlZ Hkh fuLlUngs dNq lhek rd le; ds pØ dks ,d fo'k\"s k çdkj dh xfr nsus esa vko';d lgk;d fl¼ gqvk gSA eSaus (vkSj vkius Hkh) bl ns'k esa lektokn vkSj lkE;okn ds fopkjksa dks tUe ugha fn;k] oju ;g rks gekjs Åij gekjs le; ,oa ifjfLFkfr ds çHkko dk ifj.kke gSA fuLlUnsg geus bu fopkjksa dk çpkj djus ds fy, dqN lkèkkj.k ,oa rqPN dk;Z vo'; fd;k gS] blfy, eSa dgrk gw¡ fd tc geus bl çdkj ,d dfBu dk;Z dks gkFk esa ys gh fy;k gS] rks gesa mls tkjh j[kuk pkfg, vkSj vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A foifÙk;ksa ls cpus ds fy, vkRegR;k dj ysus ls turk dk ekxZn'kZu ugha gksxk] oju ;g rks ,d çfrfØ;koknh dk;Z gksxkA tsy ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj thou dh fujk'kkvksa] ncko vkSj ¯glk ds vlhe ijh{kk;qDr okrkoj.k dk fojksèk djrs gq, ge dk;Z djrs jgsA ftl le; ge viuk dk;Z djrs Fks] ml le; ukuk çdkj ls gesa dfBukb;ksa dk fu'kkuk cuk;k tkrk FkkA ;gk¡ rd fd tks yksx viusvki dks egku ØkfUrdkjh dgus dk xkSjo vuqHko djrs Fks] os Hkh gedks NksM+ x;sA D;k ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ vlhe ijh{kk;qDr u Fkha\\ fiQj vius vkUnksyu ,oa ç;klksa dks tkjh j[kus ds fy, gekjs ikl D;k dkj.k vkSj rdZ Fkk\\ D;k Lo;a ;gh rdZ gekjs fopkjksa dks 'kfDr ugha nsrk gS\\ vkSj D;k ,sls ØkfUrdkjh dk;dZ rkvZ kas ds mnkgj.k gekjs lkeus ugha g]aS tks tys kas ls n.M Hkkxs dj ykSVs vkSj vc Hkh dk;Z dj jgs gSa\\ ;fn ckdqfuu us vkids leku lksp&fopkj fd;k gksrk] rks og çkjEHk esa gh vkRegR;k dj ysrkA vkt vkidks vla[; ,sls ØkfUrdkjh fn[kk;h nsrs gSa] tks :lh jkT; esa mÙkjnk;h inksa ij fojkteku gSa vkSj ftUgkuas s vius thou dk vfèkdrj Hkkx n.M Hkkxs rs g,q tys kas eas fcrk;k gAS eu\"q ; dks vius fo'oklksa ij n`<+rkiwodZ vfMx jgus dk ç;Ru djuk pkfg,A dksbZ ugha dg ldrk fd Hkfo\"; esa D;k ?kVuk gksus okyh gSA D;k vkidks ;kn gS fd tc ge bl fo\"k; ij ppkZ dj jgs Fks fd gekjh ce&i+QSDVfj;ksa esa vR;Ur rhoz ,oa çHkkodkjh fo\"k Hkh j[kk tkuk pkfg,] rks vkius cM+h n`<+rk ls bldk fojksèk fd;k FkkA vki bl fopkj ls gh ?k`.kk djrs FksA vkidks bl ij fo'okl ugha FkkA fiQj vc D;k gqvk\\ ;gk¡ rks ,slh fodV vkSj tfVy ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh ugha gSaA eq>s rks bl ç'u ij fopkj djus esa Hkh ?k`.kk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 405

gksrh gSA vkidks ml eukso`fÙk ls Hkh ?k`.kk Fkh] tks vkRegR;k djus dh vuqefr nsrh gSA vki eq>s ;g dgus ds fy, {kek djsa fd ;fn vkius vius cUnh cuk;s tkus ds le; gh bu fopkjksa ds vuqdwy dk;Z fd;k gksrk (vFkkZr vkius fo\"k [kkdj ml le; vkRegR;k dj yh gksrh) rks vkius ØkfUrdkjh dk;Z dh cgqr cM+h lsok dh gksrh] ijUrq bl le; rks bl dk;Z ij fopkj djuk Hkh gekjs fy, gkfudkjd gSA ,d vkSj fo'ks\"k ckr] ftl ij eSa vkidk è;ku vkd£\"kr djuk pkgrk gw¡] ;g gS fd ge yksx bZ'oj] iqutZUe] ujd&LoxZ] n.M ,oa ikfjrksf\"kd] vFkkZr Hkxoku }kjk fd;s tkus okys thou ds fglkc vkfn esa dksbZ fo'okl ugha j[krsA vr% gesa thou ,oa e`R;q ds fo\"k; esa Hkh furkUr HkkSfrdoknh jhfr ls lkspuk pkfg,A ,d fnu tc eq>s igpkus tkus ds fy, fnYyh ls ;gk¡ yk;k x;k Fkk] rks xqIrpj foHkkx ds dqN vfèkdkfj;ksa us esjs firk th dh mifLFkfr esa eq>ls bl fo\"k; ij ckrphr dh FkhA mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd eSa dksbZ Hksn [kksyus vkSj bl çdkj viuk thou cpkus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gw¡] blls ;g fl¼ gksrk gS fd eSa thou ls cgqr nq[kh gw¡A mudk rdZ Fkk fd esjh ;g e`R;q rks vkRegR;k ds leku gksxh] ijUrq eSaus mudks mÙkj fn;k Fkk fd esjs tSls fo'okl vkSj fopkjksa okyk O;fDr O;FkZ esa gh ejuk dnkfi lgu ugha dj ldrkA ge rks vius thou dk vfèkd ls vfèkd ewY; çkIr djuk pkgrs gSaA ge ekuork dh vfèkd ls vfèkd lEHko lsok djuk pkgrs gSaA fo'ks\"kdj esjs tSlk Hkyk euq\";] ftldk thou fdlh Hkh :i esa nq[kh ;k fpfUrr ugha gS] fdlh le; Hkh] vkRegR;k djuk rks nwj jgk] mldk fopkj Hkh ân; esa ykuk Bhd ugha le>rkA ogh ckr eSa bl le; vkils dguk pkgrk gw¡A vk'kk gS fd vki eq>s vuqefr nsaxs fd eSa vkidks ;g crkÅ¡ fd eSa vius ckjs esa D;k lksprk gw¡A eq>s vius fy, e`R;qn.M lquk;s tkus dk vVy fo'okl gSA eq>s fdlh çdkj dh iw.kZ {kek ;k uez O;ogkj dh rfud Hkh vk'kk ugha gSA ;fn dkbs Z {kek gbq Z Hkh rks i.w krZ % lcds fy, u gkxs h] oju og Hkh gekjs vfrfjDr vU; yksxksa ds fy, furkUr lhfer ,oa dbZ cUèkuksa ls tdM+h gqbZ gksxhA gekjs fy, rks u {kek gks ldrh gS vkSj u og gksxh ghA bl ij Hkh esjh bPNk gS fd gekjh eqfDr dk çLrko lfEefyr :i esa vkSj fo'oO;kih gks vkSj mlds lkFk gh esjh vfHkyk\"kk ;g gS fd tc ;g vkUnksyu viuh pje lhek ij igq¡ps] rks gesa iQk¡lh ns nh tk;sA esjh ;g bPNk gS fd ;fn dksbZ lEekuiw.kZ vkSj mfpr le>kSrk gksuk dHkh lEHko gks tk;s] rks gekjs tSls O;fDr;ksa dk ekeyk mlds ekxZ eas dkbs Z #dkoV ;k dfBukbZ mRiUu djus dk dkj.k u cuAs tc n's k ds HkkX; dk fu.kZ; gks jgk gks rks O;fDr;ksa ds HkkX; dks iw.kZr;k Hkqyk nsuk pkfg,A ge 406 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ØkfUrdkjh gksus ds ukrs vrhr ds leLr vuqHkoksa ls iw.kZr;k voxr gSaA blfy, ge ugha eku ldrs fd gekjs 'kkldksa vkSj fo'ks\"kdj vaxzst+ tkfr dh Hkkoukvksa esa bl çdkj dk vk'p;Ztud ifjorZu mRiUu gks ldrk gSA bl çdkj dk ifjorZu ØkfUr ds fcuk lEHko gh ugha gSA ØkfUr rks dsoy lrr dk;Z djrs jgus ls] ç;Ruksa ls] d\"V lgu djus ,oa cfynkuksa ls gh mRiUu dh tk ldrh gS] vkSj dh tk;sxhA tgk¡ rd esjs n`f\"Vdks.k dk lEcUèk gS] eaS rks dsoy mlh n'kk esa lcds fy, lqfoèkkvksa vkSj {keknku dk Lokxr dj ldrk gw¡ tc mldk çHkko LFkk;h gks vkSj ns'k ds yksxksa ds ân;ksa ij gekjh iQk¡fl;ksa ls dqN vfeV fpÉ vafdr gks tk;saA cl ;gh_ blls vfèkd dqN ughaA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 407

ØkfUrdkjh lkFkh t;nos ds uke i=k 24 i+Qjojh] 1930 csgn t+:jh u- 103@iQk¡lh dksBjh dsUæh; tsy] ykgkSj esjs fiz; t;nso] eq>s mEehn gS fd rqeus 16 fnu ds ckn gekjh Hkw[k gM+rky NksM+us dh ckr lqu yh gksxh vkSj rqe vUnkt+k yxk ldrs gks fd bl le; rqEgkjh enn dh gesa fdruh t+:jr gSA gesa dy dqN lUrjs feys] ysfdu dksbZ eqyko+Qkr ugha gqbZA gekjk eqo+Qnek nks lIrkg ds fy, LFkfxr dj fn;k x;k gSA blfy, ,d fVu ?kh vkjS ,d ^Øos u&,* flxjVs dk fVu Hkts us dh rjq Ur Ñik djkAs dNq jlxYq ykas ds lkFk dqN lUrjksa dk Hkh Lokxr gSA flxjsV ds fcuk ny dh gkyr [k+jkc gSA vc gekjh t+:jrksa dh vfuok;Zrk le> ldrs gksA vfxze vkHkkj lfgr lPph Hkkoukvksa lfgr rqEgkjk Hkxr¯lg 408 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

t;nso ds uke ,d vkSj i=k 28 ebZ] 1930 fiz; HkkbZ t;nso] vkt fiQj rqEgsa dqN rdyhi+Q nsus ds fy, eSa ;g [k+r fy[k jgk gw¡] mEehn gS fd rqe cqjk ugha ekuksxsA Ñi;k esjs fy, iSjksa dk i+QyhV twrk Hkstus dk izcU/ djukA 9&10 uEcj dk py tk;sxkA pIiy ls cgqr csvkjkeh gSA Ñi;k bUgsa 'kØq okj ;k 'kfuokj dks dyq chj ds gkFk Hkts us dh dkfs 'k'k djuk] tc og gekjh eqyko+Qkr ds fy, vk;sxkA lp esa eSa cgqr mnkl gw¡ fd eq>s rqEgkjs lkFk vHkh rd eqyko+Qkr dh btkt+r ugha feyh gSA ;fn eqo+Qnes esa ;g xfrjks/ u vk;k gksrk rks eSaus vf/dkfj;ksa ls rqEgkjs lkFk eqyko+Qkr dh btkt+r ds fy, ckj&ckj vkxzg fd;k gksrkA tks Hkh gks] bl leL;k ds lqy>rs gh eqyko+Qkr dh btkt+r dh fiQj dksf'k'k d:¡xkA eq>s mEehn gS fd rqe twrs vo'; gh vkSj fcuk nsj fd, Hkst nksxsA bu fnuksa esjs ikl ,d gh fdrkc gS vkSj og Hkh cgqr 'kq\"dA ns[kuk vxj gky esa izdkf'kr dqN fnypLi miU;kl Hkst ldksA Ñi;k nksLrksa dks esjh ;kn igq¡pkukA lPph Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk rqEgkjk Hkxr¯lg rkjh[k+ 26@5@30 ykgkSj Mkd[kkus dh eksgj 28@5@30 irk μ t;nso izlkn xqIr }kjk l- fd'ku ¯lg czSMys gkWy] ykgkSj tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 409

cpiu ds nkLs r t;nos dks Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 3 twu] 1930 esjs fç; t;nso] ^foDVªh* twrs vkSj ^¯Dod* nokr Hkstus ds fy, esjh vksj ls èkU;okn Lohdkjks! vkids 'kCnkuqlkj tSlkfd dqychj us dgk gS] eSa ;g [k+r dqN vU; pht+sa e¡xokus ds fy, fy[k jgk gw¡A vkidk cgqr èkU;okn gksxk vxj vki ,d nwljk tksM+k diM+s ds twrs Jh nÙk ds fy, Hkts ldkAs yfs du ndq kunkj ls mUgas ijw k u vkus dh fLFkfr eas okilh dh 'krZ ls ysaA eSa bl ckjs esa vius igys [k+r esa gh fy[k ldrk Fkk] ysfdu ml le; Jh nÙk vPNs ewM esa ugha FksA exj esjs fy, ;g cgqr dfBu ckr gS fd eSa vdsyk gh bu twrksa dks iguw¡A eSa mEehn djrk gw¡ fd vxyh eqyko+Qkr ds le; twrksa dk ,d vkSj tksM+k ;gk¡ iM+k gksxkA Ñi;k 34 uEcj Nkrh dh li+Qsn 'ksDlih;j dkyj okyh vkèkh vkLrhu okyh [ksy 'kVZ HkstukA ;g Hkh Jh nÙk ds fy, pkfg,A ;g u lkspuk fd tsy esa gksrs gq, Hkh geus viuk jgu&lgu dk [+kphZyk <ax ugha R;kxkA D;ksafd ;g fiQj Hkh vko';d t+:jrsa gSa] foykflrk,¡ ughaA fdlh eqyk;e diM+s ds cus gq, nks yx¡ kVs ugkus vkjS o£t'k djus ds fy, Hkts nkAs vkjS diMs+ èkkus s ds fy, lkcuq dh dqN fVDdh Hkst nsukA lkFk gh FkksM+s cknke vkSj ,d Loku bad dh nokr Hkh Hkst nsukA ljnkj th dk D;k gky gS\\ D;k os yqfèk;kuk ls vk x;s gSa\\ vktdy dpgjh cUn jgxs hA eoq Q+ nek ugha py jgk gkxs kA ;fn os vkt vHkh rd okil ugha vk;s rks mudks ykus ds fy, fdlh dks Hkst nsukA fiQj muds vkSj esjs eqo+Qneksa dk i+QSlyk gksus okyk gSA dgk ugha tk ldrk fd gesa vkil esa eqyko+Qkr dk Hkh ekSo+Qk feysxk vFkok ugha] blfy, vki mUgsa i+QkSju cqyk ysa rkfd os bl gÝ+rs ds Hkhrj eq>ls nks eqyko+Qkrsa dj ldsa vkSj vxj ;fn os tYn 410 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ugha vk ik jgs rks Ñi;k dqychj vkSj cgu vej dkSj dks eq>ls eqyko+Qkr ds fy, dy ;k fiQj ijlksa Hkst nsaA fe=kksa dks esjh vksj ls ;kn dgsaA lkFk gh] D;k vki mnwZ vuqokn ds lkFk ,d iQkjlh o+Qk;nk Hkst ldrs gks\\ vkidk] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 411

t;nso dks ,d vkSj i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 24 tqykbZ] 1930 esjs fç; t;nso! Ñi;k fuEufyf[kr fdrkcsa }kjdkukFk iqLrdky; ls esjs uke ij tkjh djokdj 'kfupjokj dks dqychj ds gkFk Hkst nsuk % eSVhfj;sfyT+e % dkyZ yhCus[kr OgkbZeSu iQkbV μ ch- jlsy lksfo;V~l ,V odZ dksysIl vkWi+Q lsfd.M b.Vjus'kuy ysÝ+V ¯ox dE;qfuT+e E;wpqvy ,.M fçUl ØksiksVfdu i+QhYM~l i+QsDVªht ,.M odZ'kkIl flfoy okj bu ç+Qkal % ekDlZ yS.M fjoksY;w'ku bu ,f'k;k] vkSj vIVu ¯lDys;j dh ^LikbZ* Ñi;k ;fn gks lds rks e>q s ,d vkjS fdrkc Hkts us dk çcUèk djuk] ftldk uke ^F;ksjh vkWi+Q fgLVksfjdy eSfVfj;sfyT+e % cq[+kkfju* gSA (;g iatkc ifCyd ykbczsjh ls fey tk;sxh)A vkSj iqLrdky;kè;{k ls ;g ekywe djuk fd dqN fdrkcsa D;k cksLVZy tsy esa Hksth x;h gSa\\ mUgsa fdrkcksa dh cgqr t+:jr gSA mUgksaus lq[knso ds HkkbZ t;nso ds gkFkksa ,d lwph Hksth Fkh] ysfdu mudks vHkh rd fdrkcsa ugha feyhaA vxj muds (iqLrdky;) ikl dksbZ lwph u gks rks Ñi;k ykyk fi+Qjkst+pUn ls tkudkjh ys ysuk vkSj mudh ilUn ds vuqlkj dqN jkspd fdrkcsa Hkst nsukA bl jfookj tc eSa ogk¡ tkÅ¡ rks muds ikl fdrkcsa igq¡ph gqbZ gksuh pkfg,A Ñi;k ;g dke fdlh Hkh gkyr esa dj nsukA blds lkFk gh Mkfy±x dh ^iatkc ists.Vªh bu çkWliSfjVh ,.M MSV* vkSj blh rjg dh 412 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

,d&nks vU; fdrkcsa fdlku leL;k ij MkW- vkye ds fy, Hkst nsukA vk'kk gS rqe bu d\"Vksa dks T+;knk eglwl u djksxsA Hkfo\"; ds fy, rqEgsa ;o+Qhu fnykrk gw¡ fd rqEgsa dHkh Hkh dksbZ d\"V u nw¡xkA lHkh fe=kksa dks esjh ;kn dguk vkSj yTtkorh th dks esjh vksj ls vfHkoknuA mEehn gS fd vxj nÙk dh cgu vk;ha rks os eq>ls eqyko+Qkr djus dk d\"V djsaxhA vknj ds lkFk] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 413

cVdq 's oj nÙk dh cgu çkfs eyk dks Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 17 tqykbZ] 1930 I;kjh cgu] dy cÙkw1 us vkidks fpV~Bh fy[kh FkhA vkidks ;g [k+cj nsus ds fy, fd tc rd vkidks mldh nwljh fpV~Bh u feys] vki ;gk¡ u vk;saA cÙkw dks dy jkr fdlh vU; tsy esa Hkst fn;k x;k gSA vHkh rd ge mlds iM+ko ds ckjs eas vutku gAaS blfy, eaS vkils vtZ+ djrk g¡w fd vki cukjl ls ykgkjS ds fy, rc rd u pysa tc rd mldh fpV~Bh u feysA mldk fcNksg esjs fy, Hkh vlguh; gSA vkt Hkh eSa cM+h ijs'kkuh eglwl dj jgk gw¡A gj iy cksf>y cu x;k gSA lp esa ,sls nksLr ls fcNM+uk tksfd esjs vius Hkkb;ksa ls T+;knk I;kjk gks] cgqr nq[kn gSA [k+Sj] gesa ;g lcdqN gkSlyk djds lguk pkfg,A eSa vkils vt+Z djrk gw¡ fd vki èkhjt j[ksa_ dksbZ fpUrk u djsaA le; chrus ls dksbZ vPNk gh ifj.kke fudysxkA vkidk HkkbZ] Hkxr¯lg 1- cVqds'oj nÙk dk ykM+ dk ukeA 414 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

NkVs s HkkbZ dyq chj dks Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 16 flrEcj] 1930 I;kjs HkkbZ dqychj th] lr Jh vdky! rqEgsa ekywe gh gksxk fd mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa ds vkns'kkuqlkj eq>ls eqyko+Qkrksa ij ikcUnh yxk nh x;h gAS bu fLFkfr;ksa esa fi+Qygky eqyko+Qkr u gks ldsxh vkjS esjk fopkj gS fd tYn gh i+QSlyk lquk fn;k tk;sxkA blds dqN fnuksa ckn fdlh nwljh tsy esa Hkst fn;k tk;sxkA blfy, fdlh fnu tsy esa vkdj esjh fdrkcsa vkSj dkx+t+kr vkfn pht+sa ys tkukA eSa cjru] diM+s] fdrkcsa vkSj vU; dkx+t+kr tsy ds fMIVh lqifj.Vs.Ms.V ds nÝ+rj esa Hkst nw¡xkA vkdj ys tkukA irk ugha D;ksa] esjs eu esa ckj&ckj ;g fopkj vk jgk gS fd blh gÝ+rs ds fdlh fnu ;k vfèkd ls vfèkd blh ekg esa i+QSlyk vkSj pkyku gks tk;sxkA bu fLFkfr;ksa esa vc rks fdlh vU; tsy esa eqyko+Qkr gksxhA ;gk¡ rks mEehn ughaA odhy dks Hkst ldks rks HkstukA eSa fçoh dkSafly ds flyflys esa ,d t+:jh e'kojk djuk pkgrk gw¡A ek¡th dks fnyklk nsuk] ?kcjk,¡ ughaA rqEgkjk HkkbZ] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 415

dqychj dks ,d vkSj i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 25 flrEcj] 1930 fç; HkkbZ dqychj ¯lg th] lr Jh vdky! eq>s ;g tkudj fd ,d fnu rqe ek¡th dks lkFk ysdj vk;s vkSj eqyko+Qkr dk vkns'k u feyus ls fujk'k gksdj okil ykSV x;s] cgqr nq[k gqvkA rqEgsa rks irk py pqdk Fkk fd tsy esa eqyko+Qkr dh btkt+r ugha nsrsA fiQj ek¡th dks lkFk D;ksa yk;s\\ eSa tkurk gw¡ fd bl le; os cgqr ?kcjk;h gqbZ gSa] ysfdu bl ?kcjkgV vkjS ijs'kkuh dk D;k i+Qk;nk] uqo+Qlku t+:j g]S D;ksafd tc ls eq>s irk pyk fd os cgqr jks jgh gSa] eSa Lo;a Hkh cspSu gks jgk gw¡A ?kcjkus dh dksbZ ckr ugha] fiQj blls dqN feyrk Hkh ughaA lHkh lkgl ls gkykr dk eqo+Qkcyk djsaA vkf[k+jdkj nqfu;k esa nwljs yksx Hkh rks gt+kjksa eqlhcrksa esa iQ¡ls gq, gSaA vkSj fiQj vxj yxkrkj ,d cjl rd eyq koQ+ kras djds Hkh rch;r ugha Hkjh rks vkjS nk&s pkj eqyko+Qkrksa ls Hkh rlYyh u gksxhA esjk [k+;ky gS fd i+QSlys vkSj pkyku ds ckn eqyko+Qkrksa ls ikcUnh gV tk;sxh] ysfdu ekuk fd blds ckotwn eqyko+Qkr dh btkt+r u feys rks---blfy, ?kcjkus ls D;k i+Qk;nk\\ rqEgkjk HkkbZ] Hkxr¯lg 416 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

firk th ds uke Hkxr¯lg dk i=k 30 flrEcj] 1930 dks Hkxr¯lg ds firk ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg us fVªC;wuy dks ,d vthZ nsdj cpko is'k djus ds fy, volj dh ek¡x dhA ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg Lo;a ns'kHkDr Fks vkSj jk\"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa tsy tkrs jgrs FksA mUgsa o dqN vU; ns'kHkDrksa dks yxrk Fkk fd 'kk;n cpko&i{k is'k dj Hkxr¯lg dks iQk¡lh ds iQUns ls cpk;k tk ldrk g]S yfs du Hkxr¯lg vkjS muds lkFkh fcYdyq vyx uhfr ij py jgs FksA muds vuqlkj] fczfV'k ljdkj cnyk ysus dh uhfr ij py jgh gS o U;k; fli+QZ <dkslyk gSA fdlh Hkh rjho+Qs ls mls lt+k nsus ls jksdk ugha tk ldrkA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd mudk uke Hkkjrh; ØkfUr dk çrhd cu x;k gS vkjS viuh oQ+ cq kuZ h ls os turk eas bUoQ+ ykch Hkkouk,¡ txkuk pkgrs FkAs firk }kjk nh x;h vt+hZ ls Hkxr¯lg dh Hkkoukvksa dks Bsl yxh Fkh] ysfdu viuh Hkkoukvksa dks fu;fU=kr dj vius mlwyksa ij t+ksj nsrs gq, mUgksaus 4 vDVwcj] 1930 dks ;g i=k fy[kk tks muds firk dks nsj ls feykA 7 vDVwcj] 1930 dks eqo+Qnes dk i+QSlyk lquk fn;k x;kA μ l- 4 vDVwcj] 1930 iwT; firk th] eq>s ;g tkudj gSjkuh gqbZ fd vkius esjs cpko&i{k ds fy, Lis'ky fVªC;wuy dks ,d vkosnu Hkstk gSA ;g [k+cj bruh ;kruke; Fkh fd eSa bls [k+keks'kh ls cjnk'r ugha dj ldkA bl [k+cj us esjs Hkhrj dh 'kkfUr Hkax dj mFky&iqFky epk nh gSA eSa ;g ugha le> ldrk fd orZeku fLFkfr;ksa esa vkSj bl ekeys ij vki fdl rjg dk vkosnu ns ldrs gSa\\ vkidk i=q k gkus s ds ukrs eaS vkidh irS d` Hkkoukvkas vkjS bPNkvkas dk ijw k lEeku djrk g¡w yfs du blds ckotnw eaS le>rk g¡w fd vkidks ejs s lkFk lykg&e'kojk fd;s fcuk ,ls s vkons u nus s dk dkbs Z vfèkdkj ugha FkkA vki tkurs gaS fd jktuhfrd {k=s k eas ejs s fopkj vkils dkiQ+ h vyx gAaS eaS vkidh lgefr ;k vlgefr dk [k;+ ky fd;s fcuk lnk LorU=krkiow dZ dke djrk jgk gA¡w tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 417

eq>s ;o+Qhu gS fd vkidks ;g ckr ;kn gksxh fd vki vkjEHk ls gh eq>ls ;g ckr euok ysus dh dksf'k'ksa djrs jgs gSa fd eSa viuk eqo+Qnek lathnxh ls yM+™¡ vkSj viuk cpko Bhd ls çLrqr d:¡] ysfdu vkidks ;g Hkh ekywe gS fd eaS lnk bldk fojkès k djrk jgk gA¡w euaS s dHkh Hkh viuk cpko djus dh bPNk çdV ugha dh vkSj u gh eSaus dHkh bl ij lathnxh ls x+kSj fd;k gSA vki tkurs gSa fd ge ,d fuf'pr uhfr ds vuqlkj eqo+Qnek yM+ jgs gSa- --esjk gj o+Qne bl uhfr] esjs fl¼kUrksa vkSj gekjs dk;ZØe ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A vkt fLFkfr;k¡ fcYdqy vyx gSaA ysfdu vxj fLFkfr;k¡ blls dqN vkSj Hkh vyx gksrha rks Hkh eSa vfUre O;fDr gksrk tks cpko çLrqr djrkA bl iwjs eqo+Qnes esa esjs lkeus ,d gh fopkj Fkk vkSj og ;g fd gekjs fo#¼ tks laxhu vkjksi yxk;s x;s gSa] ckotwn muds ge iw.kZr;k bl lEcUèk esa vogsyuk dk O;ogkj djsaA esjk ut+fj;k ;g jgk gS fd lHkh jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dks ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa mis{kk fn[kkuh pkfg, vkjS mudks tks Hkh dBksjre lt+k nh tk;s] og mUgsa g¡lrs&g¡lrs cjnk'r djuh pkfg,A bl iwjs eqo+Qnes ds nkSjku gekjh ;kstuk blh fl¼kUr ds vu:q i jgh gAS ge ,ls k djus eas liQy g,q ;k ugh]a ;g iQ+ lS yk djuk esjk dke ughaA ge [+kqnxthZ dks R;kxdj viuk dke dj jgs gSaA ok;ljk; us ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl vk£Musal tkjh djrs gq, blds lkFk tks oDrO; fn;k Fkk] mlesa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd bl lkft+'k ds eqtfje 'kkfUr&O;oLFkk dks lekIr djus ds ç;kl dj jgs gSaA blls tks gkykr iSnk gq, mlus gesa ;g ekSo+Qk fn;k fd ge turk ds le{k ;g ckr çLrqr djsa fd og Lo;a ns[k ys fd 'kkfUr&O;oLFkk ,oa o+Qkuwu lekIr djus dh dksf'k'ksa ge dj jgs gSa ;k gekjs fojksèkh\\ bl ckr ij erHksn gks ldrs gSaA 'kk;n vki Hkh muesa ls ,d gksa tks bl ckr ij erHksn j[krs gSa] ysfdu bldk eryc ;g ugha fd vki eq>ls lykg fd;s fcuk esjh vksj ls ,sls o+Qne mBk;saA esjh ft+Unxh bruh o+Qherh ugha ftruh fd vki lksprs gSaA de ls de esjs fy, rks bl thou dh bruh o+Qher ugha fd bls fl¼kUrksa dks o+QqckZu djds cpk;k tk;sA esjs vykok esjs vkSj lkFkh Hkh gSa ftuds eqo+Qnes brus gh laxhu gSa ftruk fd esjk eqo+QnekA geus ,d la;qDr ;kstuk viuk;h gS vkSj bl ;kstuk ij ge vfUre le; rd MVs jgsaxsA gesa bl ckr dh dksbZ ijokg ugha fd gesa O;fDrxr :i esa bl ckr ds fy, fdruk ewY; pqdkuk iM+sxkA firk th] eaS cgrq n[q k dk vuHq ko dj jgk gA¡w e>q s Hk; g]S vki ij nk\"s kkjkis .k djrs gq, ;k blls c<+dj vkids bl dke dh fuUnk djrs gq, eSa dgha lH;rk dh lhek,¡ u yk¡?k tkÅ¡ vkSj esjs 'kCn T+;knk l[+r u gks tk;saA ysfdu eSa Li\"V 'kCnksa esa viuh ckr vo'; dgw¡xkA ;fn dksbZ vU; O;fDr eq>ls ,slk O;ogkj 418 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

djrk rks eSa bls x+íkjh ls de u ekurk] ysfdu vkids lUnHkZ esa eSa bruk gh dgw¡xk fd ;g ,d det+ksjh gS μ fupys Lrj dh det+ksjhA ;g ,d ,slk le; Fkk tc ge lcdk bfErgku gks jgk FkkA eSa ;g dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd vki bl bfErgku esa ukdke jgs gSaA eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vki Hkh brus gh ns'kçseh gSa] ftruk fd dksbZ vkSj O;fDr gks ldrk gSA eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vkius viuh iwjh ft+Unxh Hkkjr dh vkt+knh ds fy, yxk nh gS] ysfdu bl vge eksM+ ij vkius ,slh det+ksjh fn[kk;h] ;g ckr eSa le> ugha ldrkA vUr eas eaS vkil]s vkids vU; fe=kkas ,oa ejs s eoq Q+ nes eas fnypLih yus s okykas ls ;g dguk pkgrk gw¡ fd eSa vkids bl o+Qne dks ukilUn djrk gw¡A eSa vkt Hkh vnkyr esa viuk dksbZ cpko çLrqr djus ds i{k esa ugha gw¡A vxj vnkyr gekjs dNq lkfFk;kas dh vkjs ls Li\"Vhdj.k vkfn ds fy, çLrrq fd;s x;s vkons u dks eaT+kwj dj ysrh] rks Hkh eSa dksbZ Li\"Vhdj.k çLrqr u djrkA Hkw[k gM+rky ds fnuksa esa fVªC;wuy dks tks vkosnu i=k eSaus fn;k Fkk vkSj mu fnuksa esa tks lk{kkRdkj fn;k Fkk mUgsa x+yr vFkks± esa le>k x;k gS vkSj v[k+ckjksa esa ;g çdkf'kr dj fn;k x;k fd eSa viuk Li\"Vhdj.k çLrqr djuk pkgrk gw¡] gkyk¡fd eSa ges'kk Li\"Vhdj.k çLrqr djus ds fojksèk esa jgkA vkt Hkh esjh ogh ekU;rk gS tks ml le; FkhA cksLVZy tsy esa cUnh esjs lkFkh bl ckr dks esjh vksj ls x+íkjh vkSj fo'okl?kkr gh le> jgs gksaxsA eq>s muds lkeus viuh fLFkfr Li\"V djus dk volj Hkh ugha fey ldsxkA eSa pkgw¡xk fd bl lEcUèk esa tks my>usa iSnk gks x;h gSa] muds fo\"k; esa turk dks vlfy;r dk irk py tk;sA blfy, eSa vkils çkFkZuk djrk gw¡ fd vki tYn ls tYn ;g fpV~Bh çdkf'kr dj nsaA vkidk vkKkdkjh] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 419

cVdq 's oj nÙk dks Hkxr¯lg dk i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj vDVwcj] 1930 fç; HkkbZ] eq>s lt+k lquk nh x;h gS vkSj iQk¡lh dk gqDe gqvk gSA bu dksBfj;ksa esa esjs vykok iQk¡lh dk bUrt+kj djus okys cgqr&ls eqtfje gSaA ;s yksx ;gh çkFkZuk,¡ dj jgs gaS fd fdlh rjg os iQkl¡ h ls cp tk;Aas yfs du mueas ls 'kk;n eaS vdys k ,slk vkneh gw¡ tks cM+h cslczh ls ml fnu dk bUrt+kj dj jgk gw¡ tc eq>s vius vkn'kZ ds fy, iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij p<+us dk lkSHkkX; feysxkA eSa [+kq'kh ls iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij p<+dj nqfu;k dks fn[kk nw¡xk fd ØkfUrdkjh vius vkn'kks± ds fy, fdruh ohjrk ls o+QqckZuh ns ldrs gSaA eq>s iQk¡lh dh lt+k feyh gS] exj rqEgsa mezo+SQnA rqe ft+Unk jgksxs vkSj ft+Unk jgdj rqEgsa nqfu;k dks ;g fn[kk nsuk gS fd ØkfUrdkjh vius vkn'kks± ds fy, fli+QZ ej gh ugha ldrs] cfYd ft+Unk jgdj gj rjg dh ;krukvksa dk eqo+Qkcyk Hkh dj ldrs gSaA ekSr lkalkfjd eqlhcrksa ls NqVdkjk ikus dk lkèku ugha cuuh pkfg,] cfYd tks ØkfUrdkjh la;ksxo'k iQk¡lh ds iQUns ls cp x;s gSa mUgas ft+Unk jgdj nqfu;k dks ;g fn[kk nsuk pkfg, fd os u fli+QZ vius vkn'kks± ds fy, iQk¡lh ij p<+ ldrs gSa] cfYd tsyksa dh v¡èksjh dkBs fj;kas eas ?kVq &?kVq dj gn ntZs ds vR;kpkjkas dks Hkh lgu dj ldrs gAaS rEq gkjk] Hkxr¯lg 420 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

l[q knos dk rk;kth ds uke i=k1 cksLVZy] ykgkSj ekU; rk;k th] nks i=k igys fy[k pqdk gw¡A dksbZ mÙkj ugha feykA eSa lqu jgk gw¡ esjs dkj.k vkidks cgqr dqN ekufld d\"V mBkuk iM+ jgk gS blds iwoZ Hkh bl [k+;ky ls vkidks i=k }kjk dgus dh ps\"Vk dh gSA vc fiQj ogh dg jgk gw¡A eSa tkurk gw¡ fd vkidks esjs LoHkko (ewyi=k esa ^LokHkko* fy[kk gSA μ l- ) ds dkj.k cgqr fpfUrr jguk iM+rk gS vkSj eSa ;g Hkh pkgrk gw¡ fd vkidh ;g fpUrk fdlh çdkj nwj gks tk;sA [k+kldj bu fnuksa esa tcfd vkids fy, nwljs d\"V dki+Qh bdV~Bk gks jgs gSaA ijUrq ,d ckr eSa vkils lki+Q dguk pkgrk gw¡A eq>ls dksbZ ckr fli+QZ blhfy, fd mlls nwljs [+kq'k gksaxs μ ugha gks ldrhA nk<+h gh dh ckr yhft;sA Hkyk blls vkidks bruk nq[kh gksus dh D;k vko';drk FkhA tSls nk<+h&ew¡N dVkuk ,d i+QS'ku gS oSls gh nk<+h j[kuk Hkh rks ,d iQ+ 'S ku gh gAS vc D;k fdlh O;fDr dks bl ckjs eas Hkh ekrk&firk }kjk bruk ckè; gkus k iMxs+ k vkjS mls lj] nk<h+ vkjS eN¡w ds cky vius ekrk&firk dh bPNk ij gh j[kkus ;k dVkus pkfg,A rks D;k os yksx tks nk<+h bR;kfn èkeZ vFkok ek¡&cki dh [k+kfrj ;k :<+h dks o+Qk;e j[kus dh [k+kfrj j[kkrs gSa ,slk djus esa (justified) gq, uA eSa ugha le>rk fd vki tSls LorU=k fopkj j[kus okyk iq#\"k D;ksa vius iq=k ls ,slh vk'kk djrk gS fd og ekewyh&ekewyh ckr djus esa bl ckr dk fopkj j[ks fd mlds oSlk djus ls mldk firk rks cqjk ugha ekusxkA vkSj og vkneh vkt+kn fopkjksa okyk gh dSls gks ldrk gS tks nwljs O;fDr dks mlds viuh bPNkuqlkj djus ij cqjk le>s tcfd og ckr dksbZ ,slh ugha gS ftls cqjh n`f\"V ls (Morally) ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A gk¡] ,d ckr vkSj gS] 'kk;n vkidk ;g fopkj gksrk gksxk fd blls eSa cnljw r ekyew gkrs k g¡w vkjS eaS tku&c>w dj viuh gkyr T;+ knk xUnh j[kuk pkgrk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 421

gw¡] ftls vki vius iq=k ds fy, vPNk ugha le>rsA ;fn ,slk gS rks eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd vkidk ,slk fopkj djuk Hkwy gSA vius 'kjhj dh ftruh fiQdj eq>s jgrh gS vkSj ns'k rFkk èkeZ dh [k+kfrj vius 'kjhj dks [k+jkc djus ds cjf[k+yki+Q ftruk eSa gw¡ vkSj 'kk;n gh dksbZ gksA ,slh voLFkk esa eSa ugha le>rk fd vkidh ukjkt+xh dk D;k dkj.k gSA lkFk gh ;g ckr Hkh eSa vkids vkxs j[k nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd eSa bl ckr dks cgqr cqjk le>rk gw¡ fd eSa ;g dqN Hkh djus esa lnk bl ckr dk è;ku j[kw¡ fd nwljs D;k fopkj djsaxs vkSj u gh eSa ;g vPNk le>rk gw¡ fd vkSj dksbZ esjs O;fDrxr thou dh ckrksa esa eq>s viuh bPNkvksa ls ckè; djsA eSa pkgs dksbZ Hkh gks μ fdlh dh [k+kfrj viuk O;fDrRo [kksuk ugha pkgrk vkSj fiQj ,slh&,slh ekewyh ckrksa dh [k+kfrj eSa Lo;a bu ckrksa ls rax gks tkrk gw¡A nwljk dkj.k vkids nq[kh jgus dk gS esjk vktdy dk AttitudeA Bhd gSA ekrk&firk ds fy, xkSjo dh ckr ;gh gS fd mudk yM+dk muds fy, usdukeh iSnk djs u fd dyadA ekrk&firk dh lnk ;g bPNk jgrh gS fd mudk yM+dk cM+k uke dek;s vkSj thou ds laxzkeksa esa fdlh ls Hkh ihNs u jgsA eSa tkurk gw¡ vkidh Hkh ,slh gh ekufld voLFkk gS vkSj tc vki ns[krs gSa fd eSa fdlh ckr esa Hkkx ugha ysrk vkSj ges'kk pqi jgrk gw¡ rks vkidks cgqr nq[k gksrk gSA lpeqp] eSa vkils lPps fny ls dgrk gw¡] vkidks bl ckjs esa nq[kh ns[kdj eSa Lo;a cgrq n[q kh gkrs k gA¡w vkjS D;k dg]¡w euaS s bl dkj.k ls fdrus viukas dks ukjkt+ fd;k gS vkSj fdruksa dh ut+j esa cqjk cuk gw¡A bruk gksus ij Hkh bl ckjs esa eSa dNq ugha dguk pkgrk vkjS u liQ+ kbZ nus k pkgrk gA¡w ij vkils ;g vo'; dgx¡w k fd vki dHkh bu fopkjksa dks ysdj nq[kh u gksa vkSj eSa D;k djrk gw¡ vkSj eq>s D;k djuk pkfg,] bu ckrksa ij dHkh fopkj gh u djuk pkfg,A D;ksafd vkidks ;o+Qhu djuk pkfg, fd eSa vkidk iq=k gw¡A cl ;gh esjh li+QkbZ gSA bl ij ;o+Qhu dhft;sA D;k eSa vk'kk dj ldrk gw¡ fd vki esjh vksj ls fuf'pUr gks tk;saxsA vkidk iq=k] l[q knos 422 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lq[knso dk vèkwjk i=k jk\"Vªh; vfHkys[kkxkj] Hkkjr ljdkj] u;h fnYyh ds lkStU; ls çkIr lq[knso dh ;g viw.kZ] vçsf\"kr fpV~Bh lq[knso ds cksLVZy tsy ls] ls.Vªy tsy ykgkSj esa LFkkukUrj.k ds le; çkIr gqbZ FkhA ewy fpV~Bh ikfdLrku ljdkj ds fjdkWMZ esa gS ysfdu bldh i+QksVksLVsV çfrfyfi jk\"Vªh; vfHkys[kkxkj esa miyCèk gSA μ l- 7 vDVwcj] 1930 fcjknjeu] nsj ls dqN Hkkouk,¡ ân; esa mB jgh Fkha ftudks dqN dkj.kksao'k vc rd nck;s gq, FkkA fdUrq vc vfèkd ugha nck ldrkA nck ldrk gh ugha oju mudks nckuk mfpr Hkh ugha le>rkA dg ugha ldrk esjs bl çdkj Hkko çdV djus dks vki vPNk le>sa ;k cqjkA budks dqN egÙo nsa ;k ughaA ;s vkids vuqdwy gksa ;k ughaA vki buls lger gksa ;k ughaA ysfdu eSa rks ogh dj jgk gw¡ tks eq>s mfpr ekywe ns jgk gSA vki bUgsa xzg.k djuk pkgsa djsa] ;g vkidh bPNk gSA vkSj ;fn vki bldk mÙkj nsuk pkgsa rks cM+h vPNh ckr gksA blls ;g ykHk gksxk fd esjs fopkj Hkh dqN clear gks tk;saxs vkSj eq>s bl ckr dh rlYyh Hkh gks tk;sxh fd tsy dh pkjnhokjh us eq>s esjs Bhd&Bhd judge dj ldus dh 'kfDr ls ofa pr ugha dj fn;k vkjS practical life ds field ls vyx gks tkus ij eSa idle vkSj Vain Schemes ds lkspus dk vknh ugha gks x;k gw¡A tc ls ge yksx tsy esa vk;s gSa ckfgj dk okrkoj.k cgqr xje gks jgk gSA tgk¡ rd actions dk lEcUèk gS] i=kksa }kjk irk pyrk gS fd o+Qjhc gj ,d province esa] [k+kldj iatkc vkSj caxky esa rks gn gh gks x;h gSA bl ij bomb rks ,d lkèkkj.k&lh ckr gks x;h gSA ce }kjk brus actions gekjs bfrgkl esa 'kk;n gh dHkh gq, gksaxsA bUgha actions ds ckjs esa gh eSa ;gk¡ ij vkils dqN dguk pkgrk gw¡A bl ckjs esa actions ds lEcUèk esa gekjh viuh tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 423

policy D;k Fkh] vkids lEeq[k j[kw¡xkA blds i'pkr actions ds lEcUèk esa vius fopkj dgx¡w kA ge ykxs dNq nks actions dj ik;As ,d lk.MlZ eMjZ ] nlw jk vlEs cyh ceA blds vfrfjDr geus nks&rhu vkSj actions djus dk ç;Ru fd;k Fkk ;|fi muesa liQyrk çkIr ugha gqbZA buds lEcUèk esa eSa bruk dg ldrk gw¡ fd gekjs actions rhu çdkj ds Fks μ 1- Propaganda 2. Money 3. Special. bu rhuksa esa ls gekjk eq[; è;ku propaganda ds actions dh vksj FkkA cko+Qh nksuksa xkS.k dgs tk ldrs gaSA blls esjk vfHkçk; mudh importance dks de djus dk ugha gS rks Hkh gekjs fy, gekjh existence dk mís'; propaganda ds actions djuk gh FkkA cko+Qh nksuksa çdkj ds actions gekjk mís'; ugha Fks] oju mís'; dh iw£r ds fy, vko';dA bu rhuksa dks clear djus ds fy, 1. Assembly action, 2. Punjab National Bank Dacoity vkSj 3- tksxs'k pVthZ dks NqM+kus dh dksf'k'k vki ('kk;n ^vkt* μ l-) vkids lEeq[k j[krk gw¡A fiNys nks çdkj ds actions dks NksM+dj eSa propaganda actions dks bl LFkku ij discuss djuk pkgrk gw¡A propaganda 'kCn ls 'kk;n bu actions dks Bhd&Bhd ugha le>k tk ldrkA njvly eryc ;g gS fd gekjs ;s actions gekjh turk ds Hkkoksa ds vuqdwy gksrs FksA mnkgj.k ds fy, Saunders' murder dks yksA ykyk (yk- yktir jk;) ij ykfB;k¡ iM+us ls geus ns[kk fd ns'k esa buds dkj.k cgqr gypy gSA bl ij Govt. ds joS;s us rsy dk dke fd;kA yksx cgqr ukjkt+ gks x;sA turk dk è;ku revolutionaries dh vksj [khapus ds fy, gekjs fy, ;g cMk+ vPNk volj FkkA igys geus lkps k Fkk fd ,d vkneh fiLrkSy ysdj tk;s vkSj Scott dks ekjdj ogha ij viusvki dks is'k dj nsA fiQj Statement }kjk ;g dg ns fd National insult dk cnyk tc rd revolutionaries ft+Unk gSa] blh çdkj fy;k tk ldrk gSA fdUrq vklikl man- power de gksus ds dkj.k rhu vknfe;ksa dks Hkstuk T+;knk mfpr le>k x;kA bleas Hkh cpdj fudy tkus dh vk'kk dk fopkj e[q ; ugha FkkA bldh rks vk'kk Hkh ugha FkhA gekjk fopkj ;g Fkk fd ;fn murder ds ckn iqfyl ihNk djs rks [+kwc eqo+Qkcyk fd;k tk;sA tks bl eqo+Qkcys esa cp tk;s vkSj idM+k tk;s rks Statement ns nsA blh fopkj ls Hkkxdj D.A.V. College boarding dh Nr ij p<+ x;s FkAs Action ds le; ;g çcUèk Fkk fd Hkxr¯lg tks Scott dks igpkurk Fkk] igyh xksyh pyk;s vkSj jktxq# FkksM+h nwj ij mldh fgi+Qkt+r djsA ;fn Hkxr¯lg ij dksbZ geyk djs rc jktxq# mldks jksdsA blds ckn ;s nksuksa ogk¡ ls Hkkxsa vkSj pw¡fd Hkkxrs gq, eqM+dj ihNk djus okyksa ij fu'kkuk ugha fy;k tk ldrk blfy, if.Mr th dks bu nksuksa dh j{kk ds fufeÙk ihNs [kM+k fd;k FkkA 424 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

blds lkFk gh ;g fopkj gekjs lkeus Fkk fd vius cpus ds ctk; mldks ekjus dk T+;knk è;ku j[kuk gSA ge ;g Hkh ugha pkgrs Fks fd ftl ij xksyh pyk;h tk;s og gLirky tkdj ejsA blhfy, jktxq# }kjk xksyh ekj nsus ds ckn Hkh Hkxr¯lg us rc rd xksyh pykuh cUn u dh tc rd mls rlYyh ugha gks x;h fd og ej x;k gSA ekjdj Hkkx tkuk gh gekjk mís'; ugha FkkA ge rks pkgrs Fks fd ns'k tku tk;s fd ;g political murder gS vkSj bl action ds djus okys revolutionaries gSa u fd ekyaxh ds lkFkh] blfy, geus mlds ckn posters yxk;s vkSj dqN posters v[k+ckj okyksa dks Nkius ds fy, HkstsA vi+Qlksl] gekjs usrkvksa vkSj v[k+ckj okyksa us gesa bl lEcUèk esa dqN lgk;rk u dh vkSj Govt. dks èkks[ks esa j[kus ds fopkj ls ns'kokfl;ksa dks èkks[kk fn;kA ge rks dsoy bruk gh pkgrs Fks fd og blds lEcUèk esa ;g xksy&eksy djds fy[k nsa fd ;g political murder gS vkSj Govt. dh policy dk gh ifj.kke gSA ,sls actions ds fy, og responsible gSA ysfdu mUgksaus tkurs&cw>rs vkSj esjs ckj&ckj dgus ds ckotwn Hkh ,slk dgus dh fgEer ugha dhA vPNk gqvk ge idM+s x;s vkSj ns'k ds lEeq[k lc çxV gks x;kA eSa rks HkkbZ] vius idM+s tkus dks lkSHkkX; le>rk gw¡A fli+QZ blhfy, bl action dh nature dks clear dj nsus ds i'pkr vc eSa bl policy dks (Note : blh le; irk yxk gS fd vkt Judgement gksxh] pyuk gS fd ugha ;g iwNus ds fy, [k+k¡ lkfgc vkSj c['kh th vk;s FksA ge lcus bUdkj dj fn;k gS) j[kuk pkgrk gw¡A gekjk fopkj Fkk fd gekjs actions turk dh desires vkSj Govt. }kjk grievances ds mÙkj esa gksus pkfg, rkfd ge yksx turk dks vius lkFk ys ldsa vkSj turk gekjs çfr lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lgk;rk fn[kkus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;sA blds lkFk&lkFk gekjk ;g fopkj Fkk fd revolutionary ideals vkSj tactics dks public esa iQSyk;k tk;s vkSj ;g mlds eq[k ls T+;knk vPNh yxrh gS tks budh [k+kfrj gallows ij [kM+k gksA rhljk mís'; ;g Fkk fd Govt. ls direct VDdj ysus ls gekjh organisation ,d fuf'pr programme vius fy, cuk ldsxhA cko+Qh nks çdkj ds actions ds lEcUèk esa dqN T+;knk ugha dguk pkgrk gw¡A Money actions ds fy, bruk vko';d gksuk pkfg, fd caxky okyksa dh rjg dacoities esa T+;knk energy vkSj attention nsuk Bhd ugha gSA lkFk gh NksVh&NksVh dacoities o+QrbZ ykHknk;d fl¼ ugha gqbZ gSaA blfy, ge lcdqN nsdj Hkh ,d tqvk [ksyus dks rS;kj gks x;s Fks rkfd vxj cp x;s rks vPNh rjg ls fuf'pUr gksdj viuk dke djrs tk;saxs vkSj iSlk dh leL;k dks ge ,d ckj risk ysdj gy djsaxsA lk.MlZ ds murder ds ckn rks gesa iSlk ds fy, tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 425

T+;knk fpUrk Hkh ugha djuh iM+hA lkèkkj.k dacoities esa ftruk èku gesa ugha feyrk mruk ge pqipki bdV~Bk dj fy;k djrs FksA vkt rks mlls dgha T+;knk vklkuh gSA Special actions vfuok;Z gksrs gSa ysfdu mlh n'kk esa tc vR;Ur vko';d gksaA gk¡] budh la[;k cgqr de gksuh pkfg,A vc eaS mu actions ds lEcUèk esa dqN dguk pkgrk gw¡ tks gekjs ckn ?kfVr gq,A ok;ljk; dh Vsªu dks mM+kus ds ç;Ru ds vfrfjDr ce }kjk dbZ actions gq, gSaA buesa ,d fo'ks\"k çdkj ds actions gq, gSaA vFkkZr ce jkLrs esa j[k vk;sa ;k tks actions iatkc ds pkj&ik¡p 'kgjksa esa ,d lkFk gq, gSaA eq>s le> esa ugha vk;h fd ;g actions fdl fopkj ls fd;s x;s gSaA tgk¡ rd eSa vuqHko djrk gw¡ turk esa ,sls actions ls fo'ks\"k tkx`fr rks vkrh ugha gSA ;fn terrorise djus dk fopkj Fkk rks eaS iNw uk pkgrk g¡w fd vki fy[kas fd bu actions us bl mí's ; dh dgk¡ rd i£w r dh gAS bl lEcUèk eas fpVxko¡ okys actions dh ;gk¡ ij ç'kla k ugha djuk pkgrkA 426 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vkokt+ nckuk n[q knk;h g!S lq[knso ds HkkbZ eFkqjknkl dh iqLrd ^vej 'kghn lq[knso* esa çdkf'kr ys[kdh; fVIi.kh ds vuqlkj lq[knso us ;g i=k lEHkor% pUæ'ks[kj vkt+kn ds uke fy[kk Fkk] tks mu rd igq¡p ugha ik;kA μ l- I;kjs lkFkh] vHkh&vHkh irk pyk gS fd gekjk og statement tks geus 3 rkjh[k+ dks fn;k gS v[kckj okyksa us ugha NkikA dkj.k ;g dgk tkrk gS fd mlesa yhMjksa dks criticise fd;k x;k gS vkSj muds bl le>kSrs dks cqjk dgk x;k gSA mi+Q] dlS h 'kje dh ckr g!S Hkkb]Z lp iNw ks rks geas ljdkj iQkl¡ h ugha yxk jghA gekjk xyk rks gekjs So-called leaders gh nck jgs gSa tks gekjh vkokt+ fudyus ugha nsrsA ljdkj }kjk xyk nckuk gekjs fy, cqjk fl¼ ugha gks ldrkA mldks ge lgu dj ldrs gSa ysfdu ;g ckr gekjs ls cjnk'r ugha gks ldrh fd gekjk xyk gekjs ;s LokFkhZ high class leaders nck;saA blds fo#¼ gesa yM+uk iM+sxkA viuh struggle dks gesa muls vyx gksdj LorU=k :i ls pykuk gksxk vkSj ljdkj dk fojkès k djr&s djrs bu mPp tkfr&urs kvkas dh ikys Hkh [kkys uh iMxs+ hA ijUrq nksLrks] ;g dk;Z T+;knk nsjh rd neglect ugha fd;k tk ldrkA bl ij gesa fopkj djuk pkfg, vkSj mlds fy, 'kh?kz gh çcUèk djuk pkfg,A vkSj dc rd ,slk O;ogkj lgrs jgksxsA ge ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds çfr muds bl çdkj neutral relation vkSj gekjh fxjkoV ds nks eq[; dkj.k gSaA igyk ;g fd gekjh dksbZ LFkk;h organisation ugha gS] tks muds eqo+Qkcys esa vkSj muls vyx viuh lines ij dke dj jgh gksA nwljk ;g fd tks Hkh FkksM+k&cgqr scattered element gS mlds gkFk esa Press ugha gS ftlds }kjk og viuh vkokt+ turk rd igq¡pk lds vkSj ftlds cy ij og c<+s] MVdj ljdkj rFkk bu mPp tkfr&lUrksa dk HkyhHkk¡fr fojksèk dj ldsA vusd dkj.kksao'k ge yksxksa dks vkt rd dsoy xqIr lfefr;k¡ cukdj gh dke djrs jguk iM+k gSA ijUrq ;kjks] vc le; vk x;k gS fd ge bl policy tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 427

dk R;kx djAas lkèkkj.k turk geas vkjS gekjs vkn'kk±s dks ekuus yx x;h gAS mldh lgkuHq kfw r gekjs lkFk gAS Bhd g]S vius dk;Z dks successfully pykus vkjS viuh organisation dks o+Qk;e j[kus gsrq cgqr dqN xqIr j[kuk iM+sxkA gesa vius dke dks xk¡èkh dh lines ij ugha pykuk gS rks Hkh vc dsoy bl tRFkscUnh vkSj xksyh&ck:n }kjk gh dke djuk mfpr ughaA vc gesa vkxkeh struggle ds fy, ,d force cuus dh t+:jr gSA mlds fy,] tSlk eSaus igys Hkh fy[kk gS] [kqfi+Q;k lkslk;Vh ds <ax ij iatkc esa ,d Central Red Revolutionary Party o+Qk;e djus dh vko';drk gS] ftldk eq[; dke fHkUu&fHkUu local LFkkuksa ij Revolutionary work vkSj tactics dk çpkj vkjS vPNs ØkfUroknh worker rFkk O;oLFkk gkus h pkfg,A blds lkFk&lkFk ml dkaxzsl dh udsy vius gkFk esa j[kuh pkfg,A vius ideas dks legally or illegally nksuksa çslksa }kjk cjkcj iQSykus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A ;s lc 'kk;n rqEgsa 'ks[kfpYyh dh ckrsa tku iM+rh gksaxhA ysfdu I;kjs] ;g rks djuk gh gksxk vkSj 'kh?kz djuk gksxkA eSa ugha dg ldrk bl dkaxzsl esa blh oD+r ls dksbZ ,slk wing rS;kj gks tk;sxk ysfdu bl dkaxzsl dh rS;kjh pkgs fdruh Hkh ekewyh gks mldh beginning dj nsuh pkfg,A (Important) gesa ejus dk nq[k ugha gAS viuh vkokt+ dk nck;k tkuk gekjs fy, cgqr d\"Vnk;d gSA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd gekjh og statement rqe ljnkj th ;k gekjs odhy ls çkIr dj ,d NksVs&ls appealing note ds lkFk mnwZ] xqjeq[kh vkSj vaxzst+h esa fy[kokdj Nius dk çcUèk djksA μ lq[knso 428 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ØkfUrdkjh nkLs rkas ds uke lq[knso dk i=k I;kjs lkfFk;ks! nks lky dk le; gks pqdk gS tcfd igys&igy Long Live Revolution dk vkjEHk gqvk FkkA ;g NksVh&lh vkokt+ vkt ,d Hkkjh vkSj Hk;kud :i èkkj.k dj pqdh gSA gekjs ns'k dk cPpk&cPpk bUo+Qykc&ft+Unkckn fpYyk jgk gAS fdUrq D;k ;gh dki+Qh gS\\ D;k vc gekjs fy, dksbZ dk;Z cko+Qh ugha jgk\\ ughaA dk;Z dk vkjEHk rks vHkh gksuk pkfg,A ugha rks ;g bUo+Qykc&ft+Unkckn Hkh xk¡èkh ds ^LojkT;* dh Hkk¡fr ,d csekuh pht+ gks tk;sxk] ftls FkksM+s le; ckn turk ?k`.kk vkSj ui+Qjr dh n`f\"V ls ns[ksxhA dki+Qh nsj rd geus ifCyd ds sentiments dks mHkkjk gSA vc le; vk x;k gS fd ge public dks bldk vFkZ le>k,¡A ge muds vkxs j[ksa fd Revolution D;k gSA mldk masses ds lkFk D;k lEcUèk gSA mldh D;k vko';drk gSA vkSj og D;ksadj Successful dh tk ldrh gSA ;kn j[kks bu ç'uksa dks Nqikdj j[kuk fgrdj ugha gksxkA eSa ns[k jgk gw¡ μ yksxksa ds fnyksa esa ;s ç'u mB jgs gSaA ;fn bu ç'uksa dk mÙkj u fn;k x;k] ;fn xk¡èkh dh rjg budks vague j[kk x;k rks lc xqM+xkscj gks tk;sxkA vkt rd dh lc esgur O;FkZ gks tk;sxhA ijUrq blds lkFk gh ,d introductory dke vkSj Hkh gSA ;fn rqEgkjh ;g èkkj.kk gS fd Long Live Revolution dg ysus ls rqe Revolutionary gks x;s gks rks ;g rqEgkjh Hkwy gSA rqe yksxksa esa dksbZ gh gksxk tks okLro eas Revolutionary dgykus ds ;kXs ; gkxs kA yfs du ;g dkbs Z 'kje dh ckr ughaA vius bl vHkko dks gesa ekuuk pkfg, vkSj bls ekudj bldh iw£r djuh pkfg,A viuh vkSj lHkh lkfFk;ksa dh revolutionary education ds çcUèk djus pkfg,A mlds fy, dk;Z vkjEHk djus pkfg,A tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 429

;kn j[kks] viuh liQyrk bl ckr ij fuHkZj gS fd gekjs workers vius revolution ideals, tactics vkSj struggle dks [+kwc le>rs gSaA vkt ds arm chair politicians vkSj sentimental lectures }kjk ØkfUr dk dk;Z ugha pyk;k tkuk pkfg,A cfYd ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks viuh Organisation esa gh ugha ysuk pkfg,A ØkfUr djus ds gsrq os gh O;fDr ykHknk;d fl¼ gks ldrs gSa tks Self sacrificing devotion ds gksa] tks revolutionary education çkIr fd;s gksa vkSj thou esa ØkfUr dks profession le>s gksaA tks O;fDr Revolutionary work dks viuk profession ugha cuk ldrk og ,d Sympathiser ds flok dqN ugha gAS eSa vk'kk djrk gw¡ fd le; dh vko';drk dks vuqHko dj vki esjh bu ckrksa ij è;ku nsaxs vkSj ftruh tYnh gks lds public demand dks iwjk djus dk ;Ru djsaxsA (ewy i=k ;gha lekIr gksrk gS vkSj vfUre v{kj vLi\"V gSa μ l-) 430 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dyq chj ds uke Hkxr¯lg dk vfUre i=k1 ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 3 ekpZ] 1931 fç; dqychj ¯lg] rqeus esjs fy, cgqr dqN fd;kA eqyko+Qkr ds le; rqeus vius [k+r ds tokc esa dqN fy[k nsus ds fy, dgk FkkA dqN 'kCn fy[k nw¡] clA ns[k] eSaus fdlh ds fy, dqN u fd;kA rqEgkjs fy, Hkh dqN u dj ldkA vkt rqe lcdks foinkvksa esa NksM+dj tk jgk gw¡A rqEgkjh ft+Unxh dk D;k gksxk\\ xqt+j fdl rjg djksxs\\ ;gh lc lkspdj dk¡i tkrk gw¡A ysfdu HkkbZ gkSlyk j[kukA foinkvksa esa Hkh dHkh u ?kcjkukA blds flok; vkSj D;k dg ldrk gw¡A vesfjdk tk ldrs rks cgqr vPNk gksrkA ysfdu vc rks ;g ukeqefdu tku iM+rk gSA èkhjs&èkhjs fgEer ls i<+ yksA vxj dksbZ dke lh[k ldks rks csgrj gksxkA ysfdu lcdqN firk th dh lykg ls djukA tgk¡ rd lEHko gks I;kj&eqgCcr ls jgukA blds flok; vkSj D;k dgw¡\\ tkurk gw¡ fd vkt rqEgkjs fny esa x+e dk leqæ BkBsa ekj jgk gSA rqEgkjs ckjs esa lkspdj esjh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw vk jgs gSa_ ysfdu D;k fd;k tk ldrk gS\\ gkSlyk j[k esjs vt+ht+! esjs I;kjs HkkbZ] ft+Unxh cM+h l[+r gS vkSj nqfu;k cM+h csjgeA yksx Hkh cgqr csjge gSaA fli+QZ fgEer vkSj I;kj ls gh xqt+kjk gks ldsxkA dqyrkj dh i<+kbZ dh fpUrk Hkh rqEgha djukA cgqr 'keZ vkrh gS vkSj vi+Qlksl ds flok; eSa dj Hkh D;k ldrk gw¡A lkFk okyk [k+r fgUnh esa fy[kk gSA [k+r ch-ds- dh cgu dks ns nsukA vPNk ueLdkj vt+ht+ HkkbZ vyfonk--- #[kl+ rA rqEgkjk 'kqHkkdka{kh] Hkxr¯lg 1- iQk¡lh yxus ls chl fnu iwoZA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 431

dyq rkj ds uke Hkxr¯lg dk vfUre i=k1 ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 3 ekpZ] 1931 I;kjs dqyrkj] vkt rqEgkjh vk¡[kksa esa vk¡lw ns[kdj cgqr nq[k igq¡pkA vkt rqEgkjh ckrksa esa cgqr nnZ FkkA rqEgkjs vk¡lw eq>ls lgu ugha gksrsA cj[k+ jq nkj] fgEer ls fo|k çkIr djuk vkjS LokLF; dk è;ku j[kukA gklS yk j[kuk] vkSj D;k dgw¡ μ mls ;g fi+QØ gS gjne u;k rtsZ+&ti+Qk D;k gS] gesa ;g 'kkSo+Q gS ns[ksa flre dh bUrgk D;k gSA ngj ls D;ksa [k+i+Qk jgsa] p[k+Z dk D;ksa fxyk djsa] lkjk tgk¡ vnw lgh] vkvks eqo+Qkcyk djsaA dksbZ ne dk esgek¡ gw¡ ,s vgys&egfi+Qy] pjkxs+&lgj gw¡ cq>k pkgrk gw¡A esjh gok esa jgsxh [k+;ky dh fctyh] ;s eq'rs&[k+ko+Q gS i+Qkuh] jgs jgs u jgsA vPNk #[k+lrA [+kq'k jgks vgys&oru_ ge rks li+Qj djrs gSaA fgEer ls jgukA ueLrsA rqEgkjk HkkbZ] Hkxr¯lg 1- iQk¡lh yxus ls chl fnu iwoZ 432 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

iQkl¡ h ls igys lkfFk;kas dks Hkxr¯lg dk vfUre i=k 22 ekpZ] 1931 lkfFk;ks] LokHkkfod gS fd thus dh bPNk eq>esa Hkh gksuh pkfg,] eSa bls fNikuk ugha pkgrkA ysfdu eSa ,d 'krZ ij ft+Unk jg ldrk gw¡] fd eSa o+SQn gksdj ;k ikcUn gksdj thuk ugha pkgrkA esjk uke fgUnqLrkuh ØkfUr dk çrhd cu pqdk gS vkSj ØkfUrdkjh ny ds vkn'kks± vkSj o+QqckZfu;ksa us eq>s cgqr Å¡pk mBk fn;k gS μ bruk Å¡pk fd thfor jgus dh fLFkfr esa blls Å¡pk eSa gjfxt+ ugha gks ldrkA vkt esjh det+ksfj;k¡ turk ds lkeus ugha gSaA vxj eSa iQk¡lh ls cp x;k rks os tk+ fgj gks tk;xas h vkjS ØkfUr dk çrhg&fpÉ ef¼e iM+ tk;xs k ;k lEHkor% feV gh tk;sA ysfdu fnysjkuk <ax ls g¡lrs&g¡lrs esjs iQk¡lh p<+us dh lwjr esa fgUnLq rkuh ekrk,¡ vius cPpkas ds Hkxr¯lg cuus dh vkjTk+ w fd;k djxas h vkjS n's k dh vkt+knh ds fy, o+QqckZuh nsus okyksa dh rknkn bruh c<+ tk;sxh fd ØkfUr dks jksduk lkezkT;okn ;k reke 'kSrkuh 'kfDr;ksa ds cwrs dh ckr ugha jgsxhA gk¡] ,d fopkj vkt Hkh esjs eu esa vkrk gS fd ns'k vkSj ekuork ds fy, tks dqN djus dh gljrsa esjs fny esa Fkha] mudk gt+kjok¡ Hkkx Hkh iwjk ugha dj ldkA vxj LorU=k] ftU+ nk jg ldrk rc 'kk;n bUgas ijw k djus dk volj feyrk vkSj eSa viuh gljrsa iwjh dj ldrkA blds flok; ejs s eu eas dHkh dkbs Z ykyp iQkl¡ h ls cps jgus dk ugha vk;kA eq>ls vfèkd lkHS kkX;'kkyh dkuS gksxk\\ vktdy eq>s Lo;a ij cgqr xoZ gAS vc rks cM+h csrkch ls vfUre ijh{kk dk bUrt+kj gSA dkeuk gS fd ;g vkSj ut+nhd gks tk;sA vkidk lkFkh] Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 433

'kghn egkohj ¯lg dk firk ds uke i=k 'kghn egkohj ¯lg dks ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl esa mezo+SQn dh lt+k gqbZ FkhA MkW- x;k çlkn] f'ko oekZ] if.Mr fd'kksjhyky] t;nso diwj] fot; diwj flUgk vkSj deyukFk frokjh dks Hkh mezo+SQn gqbZ FkhA bu lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks lsY;qyj tsy] v.Meku Hkstk x;k FkkA fczfV'k ljdkj ds vR;kpkjksa ds fo#¼ tsyksa ds Hkhrj Hkh ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk la?k\"kZ tkjh jgkA egkohj ¯lg us 23 tuojh] 1933 dks v.Meku ls firk dks ;g i=k fy[kk FkkA μ l- iksVZ Cys;j] v.Meku ije iwT; firkth] vkidks i<+dj vk'p;Z gksxk fd mijksDr LFkku ij eSa dc vk x;kA ;gh igsyh gy djus eSa tk jgk gw¡A rkjh[k+ 19 tuojh dks çkr%dky yxHkx 11 cts tsyj lkgc ls.Vªy tsy fcykjh vk;s vksj dksBjh dk njokt+k [kksydj lwpuk nh fd rqEgkjk Vªkali+Qj gS] ij ;g ugha crk;k fd dgk¡ dks gSA iwNus ij dsoy bruk dgk fd 'kk;n iatkc esa u;s ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl esa xokgh nsus ds fy, eækl Hksts tkvksxsA vLrq] 19 rkjh[k+ dh 'kke dks tc eSaus ls.Vªy tsy eækl esa iSj j[kk rks esjs thou&ej.k ds lkFkh Jh;qr HkkbZ deyukFk frokjh ds n'kZu μ yxHkx nks o\"kZ ckn μ gq, vkSj jkr dks HkkbZ ch-ds- nÙk vkSj HkkbZ dqUnuyky th dh vkokt+sa lquhaA vki Lo;a gh tku ldrs gSa fd eq>s fdruh çlUurk gqbZA ijUrq vyLlqcg fiQj dqN fujk'kk dh >yd ut+j vk;h tc ns[kk fd frokjh vkSj HkkbZ nÙk vkSj dqUnuyky gels igys i`Fkd ys tk;s x;s gSa] ijUrq 15 feuV ckn og fiQj g\"kZ esa cny x;h vkSj eksVj ykWjh esa ge fiQj fey x;sA cgqr fnuksa dk fo;ksx feV x;kA ml le; rd ge eu dh f[kpM+h idk jgs Fks vkSj feyus ds vkuUn esa foày Fks] ijUrq ;g irk ugha Fkk fd dgk¡ tk jgs gSaA lksprs Fks 'kk;n iatkc tkosa] ckn esa ;gk¡ vkosaA ijUrq gekjh ykWjh cUnjxkg ij igq¡ph vkSj fo[;kr egkjktk tgkt+ ds n'kZu gq,A ml le; le>k fd ge yksx v.Meku vFkkZr ^dkykikuh* tk jgs gSaA ekr`Hkwfe ls rFkk cUèkq oxZ ls lnSo ds fy, vFkok de ls de 18 lky ds fy, i`Fkd gks jgs gSaA ftl tuuh dh xksn esa iys gSa 434 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vkSj èkwfy esa yksVs gSa mlds n'kZu ls Hkh oafpr gks jgs gSaA vki yksxksa ds inkjfoUn dh jt ls lnoS ds fy, nwj gks jgs gaAS ,slh n'kk esa I;kjs ns'k dks NksM+rs gq, ân; esa fdruk gh d\"V gqvk ijUrq lkFk gh çlUurk Hkh gqbZ] tksfd blds lEeq[k dqN vfèkd gh FkhA og Fkh ,d lkFk ØkfUrdkjh dh n'kZukfHkyk\"kk μ iq.; ifo=k rhFkZ LFkku dh] ftldks HkkbZ jkejD[kk ey us viuh lekfèk cukdj ifo=k fd;k gS vkSj nwljs caxkyh rFkk flD[k ohjksa dh riksHkwfe jgh gSA vkSj lkFk gh vk'kk Fkh fd gekjs thou ds cUèkqx.k loZnk lkFk jgsaxs] vkSj Hkh vusd vius dUèks ls dUèkk lVkus okys Hkkb;ksa ds n'kZu gksaxsA vLrq] 23 tuojh dh lUè;k dks foLr`r uhy xEHkhj ty&jkf'k dh 850 ehy ls vfèkd yEch ;k=kk djds ge bl iksVZ Cys;j dh tsy esa igq¡ps tgk¡ ij vius orZeku lkfFk;ksa dks feyus ds fy, vfr mRdf.Br ik;kA mudh oSlh gh n'kk gks jgh Fkh tSlh gekjh FkhA ;gk¡ lEçfr yxHkx 40ch- Dykl ds rFkk 24lh- Dykl ds jktuhfrd oQS+ nh gaS vkjS dNq ykxs kas dh fudV Hkfo\"; esa vk'kk Hkh djrs gSaA gekjh tsy freaft+yk gS vkSj ikl gh dqN xtksa ds i+Qklys ij uhykLo (ty) jkf'k xEHkhj xtZu ds lkFk fdukjs ls VDdjsa ekjrh gS] tks Åij ls nh[k iM+rh gSA ;g }hi lewg taxyksa ls Hkjk lquk tkrk gS ftlesa dsoy uaxs jgus okys vlH; yksx jgrs gSa] ijUrq [kqyh gqbZ txgksa esa dqN Hkkjrh; yksx Hkh cl x;s gSa] ftudh Hkk\"kk fgUnqLrkuh gSA bu yksxksa esa ls cgqr&ls o+SQnh gSa] dqN ljdkjh ukSdj gaS vkjS dNq frtk+ jrh ykxs Hkh gAaS vHkh gky eas rks tys okykas dk dNq Bhd&Bhd gky ekyew gkrs k g]S yfs du vkxs dh dg ugha ldrAs gekjs ijq kus lkfFk;kas eas vHkh gekjs lkFk MkW- x;kçlkn] fe- ch-ds- nÙk] HkkbZ dqUnuyky th rFkk deyukFk frokjh gAaS ckoQ+ h rhu lkFkh eækl lcw s eas gkxas s tkfs d 'kk;n vHkh Hkh gxa j LVªk;d ij gksaxsA gekjs lkfFk;ksa esa 3@4 ls vfèkd la[;k caxky çns'k okyksa dh gSA iwT;oj] 'kk;n vki fpfUrr gksaxs fd eSaus brus fnuksa ls i=k D;ksa ugha fy[kkA bldk dkj.k Fkh ?ku?kksj ?kVk,¡ tks pkjksa vksj e¡Mjk jgh FkhaA rfud Hkh 'kkfUr dk volj ugha nrs h FkhAa blh dkj.k euaS s mueas iQl¡ dj i=k fy[kus dk l;q kxs u ik;kA vc ;g cgqr fnuksa ckn i=k fy[k jgk gw¡] ftlls vki 'kkfUr&ykHk djsaxsA ijUrq firkth] vki 'kkfUr gj n'kk eas j[kas D;kfas d vki tkurs gaS fd geas d\"Vkas eas vkuUn vkSj lq[k ekywe gksrk gSA vc dqN bl dkjkxkj eas okl djds rFkk vius è;s; dks lEeq[k j[krs gq, d\"V Hkh lq[k gh çrhr gksrk gS vkSj ;gh gS gekjk thou vkSj tgk¡ ;s ckrsa blesa ugha jgha rks lef>, fd ge ej x;sA blfy, vki ;k gekjh iwT; cqvk th rFkk ekrk th bl ckr dk è;ku j[krs gq, dHkh dksbZ fpUrk u djsa vkSj loZnk 'kkfUriwoZd vkufUnr jgsaA I;kjs HkkbZ dk D;k gky gS] bldh lwpuk eq>s 'kh?kz nhft;sxkA mls dsoy tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 435

oS| gh cuus dk mins'k u nsuk] cfYd lkFk gh lkFk euq\"; cuuk Hkh crykukA vktdy euq\"; ogh gks ldrk gS ftls orZeku okrkoj.k dk Kku gks] tks euq\"; ds dÙkZO; dks tkurk gh u gks ijUrq mldk ikyu Hkh djrk gksA blfy, lekt dh èkjksgj dks vkyL; rFkk vkjkerych rFkk LokFkZijrk esa Mkydj lekt ds lkeus Ñr?u u lkfcr gksA blls 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld nksuksa gh çdkj dh mUufr djrk jgs] D;ksafd nksuksa vko';d gSaA 'kkjhfjd iqf\"V vUu rFkk O;k;ke ls rFkk ekufld vè;;u lsA mls vktdy ds okrkoj.k dk Kku djus ds fy, lekpkji=k rFkk ,sfrgkfld] lkEifÙkd rFkk jktuhfrd] lkekftd iqLrdksa dk voykds u (vè;;u) dks dfg;As lekt ls ejs k eryc vk;Z lekt vFkok vU; ladh.kZrkO;atd lekt ugha gS] ijUrq tu&lkèkkj.k dk gSA D;ksafd ;s èkk£ed lekt esjs lkeus ladh.kZ gksus ds dkj.k dksbZ Hkh ewY; ugha j[krs gSa vkSj lkFk gh bl ladh.kZrk rFkk LokFkZijrk rFkk vU;k;iw.kZ gksus ds dkj.k lc èkeks± ls nwj jguk pkgrk gw¡ vkSj nwljksa dks Hkh ,slk gh mins'k nsrk gw¡A dsoy ,d ckr ekurk gw¡ (vkSj) mldks lcls c<+dj rFkk euq\"; rFkk lekt dk (ds fy,) dY;k.kdkjh le>rk gw¡A og gS] ¶euq\"; dk euq\"; rFkk çk.kh&ek=k ds lkFk dÙkZO; μ fcuk fdlh tkfr&Hksn] jax&Hksn] èkeZ rFkk èku&Hksn dsA¸ ;gh esjk mins'k csVh ljksftuh dks gS vkSj nwljs gekjs Hkkb;ksa dks Hkh gSA iwT;oj] vkt tc eSa ns[krk gw¡ fd lcdh cgusa lekt dh lsok ds fy, vius dks ru] eu] èku ls yxk;s gq, gSa] vHkkxk eSa gh ,slk gw¡ ftldh ,slh dksbZ cgu ughaA ;|fi ;g esjh ladh.kZrk gS D;ksafd vius eu ds vuqlkj nwljh cgusa Hkh viuh gh gSa vkSj oSlh gh le>rk Hkh gw¡] ijUrq eSa mudh la[;k esa c<+rh pkgrk gw¡] ftldh dqN vk'kk esa viuh iwtuh; ft;k egrkc dq¡ofj ls djrk FkkA mudk cgqr le; ls dksbZ lekpkj ugha ik;k gSA ;fn gks lds] esjk pj.k&Li'kZ dfg;sxkA Jheku nknk th ljnkj ¯lg th dks] tks esjs igys&igy xq# vkSj vkids f'k\"; gSa] lknj ç.kke dgsaA èkujkt ¯lg dk gky fy[kukA pkpk oxZ rFkk lc ekrkvksa dks pj.k&Li'k]Z Hkkb;kas dks ueLrAs iwT; cvq k th rFkk ekrk th dks ç.kke] yyh nksuksa cguksa dks] eqa'kh ¯lg th dks ueLdkj] Hkkuts rFkk Hkrhtksa dks I;kjA bfr 'kqHkeA i=k 'kh?kz Hksft;sxkA irk % egkohj ¯lg ih-vkbZ- 68 vkidk vkKkdkjh iq=k] lsY;qyj tsy] iksVZCys;j (v.Meku) egkohj 436 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

X. fopkjkas dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj



fgUnqLrku lks'kfyLV fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dk ?kk\"s k.kki=k ykgkSj dkaxzsl esa ck¡Vs x;s bl nLrkost+ dks Hkxr¯lg vkSj vU; lkfFk;ksa ls fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn eq[; :i ls Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk us fy[kk FkkA nqxkZ HkkHkh vkSj nwljs ØkfUrdkjh lkfFk;ksa us bls ogk¡ forfjr fd;kA lh-vkbZ-Mh- us bls t+Cr dj fy;k Fkk vkSj mlh ds dkx+t+ksa ls bldh çfr feyhA LorU=krk dk ikSèkk 'kghnksa ds jDr ls iQyrk gSA Hkkjr esa LorU=krk dk ikSèkk iQyus ds fy, n'kdksa ls ØkfUrdkjh viuk jDr cgkrs jgs gSaA cgqr de yksx gSa tks muds eu esa ikys gq, vkn'kks± dh mPprk rFkk muds egku cfynkuksa ij ç'ufpÉ yxk;sa] ysfdu mudh dkjZokb;k¡ xqIr gksus dh otg ls muds orZeku bjkns vkSj uhfr;ksa ds ckjs esa ns'koklh v¡èksjs esa gSa] blfy, fgUnqLrku lks'kfyLV fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku us ;g ?kks\"k.kki=k tkjh djus dh vko';drk eglwl dh gAS fonsf'k;ksa dh X+kqykeh ls Hkkjr dh eqfDr ds fy, ;g ,lksfl,'ku l'kL=k lxa Bu }kjk Hkkjr eas ØkfUr ds fy, n`<+ lda Yi gAS Xk+ yq ke j[ks g,q ykxs kas dh vkjs ls Li\"V rkSj ij foæksg ls iwoZ xqIr çpkj vkSj xqIr rS;kfj;k¡ gksuh vko';d gSaA tc ns'k ØkfUr dh ml voLFkk esa vk tkrk gS rc fons'kh ljdkj ds fy, mls jksduk dfBu gks tkrk gSA og dqN nsj rd rks blds lkeus fVd ldrh gS] ysfdu mldk Hkfo\"; lnk ds fy, lekIr gks pqdk gksrk gSA ekuoh; LoHkko Hkzeiw.kZ vkSj ;FkkfLFkfroknh gksus ds dkj.k ØkfUr ls ,d çdkj dk Hk; çdV djrk gSA lkekftd ifjorZu lnk gh rko+Qr vkSj fo'ks\"k lqfoèkk,¡ ek¡xus okyksa ds fy, Hk; iSnk djrk gSA ØkfUr ,d ,slk dfj'ek gS ftls çÑfr Lusg djrh gS vkSj ftlds fcuk dksbZ çxfr ugha gks ldrh μ u çÑfr esa vkSj u gh bUlkuh dkjksckj esaA ØkfUr fu'p; gh fcuk lksph&le>h gR;kvksa vkSj vkxtuh dh nfjUnk eqfge ugha gS vkSj u gh ;gk¡&ogk¡ pUn ce iQsaduk vkSj xksfy;k¡ pykuk fopkjksa dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj @ 439

gS_ vkSj u gh ;g lH;rk ds lkjs fu'kku feVkus rFkk le;ksfpr U;k; vkSj lerk ds fl¼kUr dks [k+Re djuk gSA ØkfUr dksbZ ek;wlh ls iSnk gqvk n'kZu Hkh ugha vkSj u gh lji+Qjks'kksa dk dksbZ fl¼kUr gSA ØkfUr bZ'oj&fojksèkh gks ldrh gS ysfdu euq\";&fojksèkh ughaA ;g ,d iq[+rk vkSj ft+Unk rko+Qr gSA u;s vkSj iqjkus ds] thou vkSj ft+Unk ekSr ds] jks'kuh vkSj v¡èksjs ds vkUrfjd }U} dk çn'kZu gS] dksbZ la;ksx ugha gSA u dksbZ laxhre; ,dlkjrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ rky gS] tks ØkfUr ds fcuk vk;h gksA ^xksfy;ksa dk jkx* ftlds ckjs esa dfo xkrs vk;s gSa] lPpkbZ jfgr gks tk;sxk vxj ØkfUr dks lewph l`f\"V esa ls [k+Re dj fn;k tk;sA ØkfUr ,d fu;e gS] ØkfUr ,d vkn'kZ gS vkSj ØkfUr ,d lR; gSA gekjs ns'k ds ukStokuksa us bl lR; dks igpku fy;k gSA mUgksaus cgqr dfBukb;k¡ lgrs gq, ;g lcd lh[kk gS fd ØkfUr ds fcuk μ viQjk&riQjh] o+Qkuwuh xq.MkxnhZ vkSj ui+Qjr dh txg] tks vktdy gj vksj iQSyh gqbZ gS μ O;oLFkk] o+QkuwuijLrh vkSj I;kj LFkkfir ugha fd;k tk ldrkA gekjh loZlEiUu èkjrh ij fdlh dks ,ls k fopkj ugha vkuk pkfg, fd gekjs uktS oku xjS+ &ftE+ ens kj gSaA os iwjh rjg tkurs gSa fd os dgk¡ [kM+s gSaA muls c<+dj fdls ekywe gS fd mudh jkg dksbZ iQwyksa dh lst ugha gSA le;&le; ij mUgksaus vius vkn'kks± ds fy, cgqr cM+h o+Qher pqdk;h gSA bl dkj.k fdlh ds eq¡g ls ;g ugha fudyuk pkfg, fd ukStoku mrkoysiu esa fdUgha ekewyh ckrksa ds ihNs yxs gq, gSaA ;g dksbZ vPNh ckr ugha gS fd gekjs vkn'kks± ij dhpM+ mNkyk tkrk gSA ;g dki+Qh gksxk vxj vki tkusa fd gekjs fopkj csgn et+cwr vkSj rst+&rjkZj gSa tks u fli+QZ gesa vkxs c<+k;s j[krs gSa cfYd iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij Hkh eqLdqjkus dh fgEer nsrs gSaA vktdy ;g i+QS'ku&lk gks x;k gS fd v¯glk ds ckjs esa vUèkkèkqUèk vkSj fujFkZd ckr dh tk;sA egkRek xk¡èkh egku gSa vkSj ge muds lEeku ij dksbZ Hkh vk¡p ugha ykus nsuk pkgrs] ysfdu ge ;g n`<+rk ls dgrs gSa fd ge ns'k dks LorU=k djkus ds muds <ax dks iw.kZr;k ukeatwj djrs gSaA ;fn ge ns'k esa pyk;s tk jgs muds vlg;ksx vkUnksyu }kjk yksd&tkx`fr esa mudh Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, mudks lyke u djsa rks ;g gekjs fy, cM+k uk'kqØkiu gksxkA ijUrq gekjs fy, egkRek vlEHkorkvksa ds nk'kZfud gSaA v¯glk Hkys gh ,d usd vkn'kZ gS ysfdu ;g vrhr dh pht+ gSA ftl fLFkfr esa vkt ge gSa] fli+QZ v¯glk ds jkLrs ls dHkh Hkh vkt+knh çkIr ugha dj ldrsA nqfu;k flj ls ik¡o rd gfFk;kjksa ls ySl gS vkSj (,slh) nqfu;k ij ge gkoh gSA veu dh lkjh ckrsa bZekunkj gks ldrh gSa] ysfdu ge tks X+kqyke o+QkSe gSa] gesa ,sls >wBs fl¼kUrksa ds tfj;s vius jkLrs ls ugha HkVduk pkfg,A ge iNw rs gaS fd tc nfq u;k dk okrkoj.k ¯glk vkjS xj+ hc 440 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh ywV ls Hkjk gqvk gS] rc ns'k dks v¯glk ds jkLrs ij pykus dk D;k rqd gS\\ ge vius iwjs t+ksj ds lkFk dgrs gaS fd o+QkSe ds ukStoku dPph uhan ds ,sls liuksa ls fj>k;s ugha tk ldrsA ge ¯glk esa fo'okl j[krs gSa μ viusvki esa vfUre y{; ds :i esa ugha] cfYd ,d usd ifj.kke rd igq¡pus ds fy, viuk;s x;s rkSj&rjho+Qs ds ukrsA v¯glk ds iSjksdkj vkSj lkoèkkuh ds odhy ;g ckr rks ekurs gSa fd ge vius ;o+Qhu ij pyus vkSj mlds fy, d\"V lgus ds fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA rks D;k gesa blhfy, vius lkfFk;ksa dh lk>h ek¡ dh cfyosnh ij o+QqckZfu;ksa dh fxurh djkuh iMxs+ h\\ vxa tsz + ljdkj dh tys kas dh pkjnhokjh ds vUnj :g di¡ k nus s vkjS fny dh èkM+du jksd nsus okys dbZ n`'; [ksys tk pqds gaSA gesa gekjh vkradoknh uhfr ds dkj.k dbZ ckj lt+k,¡ gqbZ gSaA gekjk tokc gS fd ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk eqík vkradokn ugha gksrk_ rks Hkh ge ;g fo'okl j[krs gSa fd vkradokn ds jkLrs gh ØkfUr vk tk;sxhA ij blesa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS fd ØkfUrdkjh fcYdqy nq#Lr lkps rs gaS fd vxa tsz h+ ljdkj dk eg¡q ekMs u+ s ds fy, bu rjhoQ+ kas dk bLres ky djuk gh dkjxj rjho+Qk gSA vaxzst+ksa dh ljdkj blfy, pyrh gS] D;ksafd os lkjs Hkkjr dks Hk;Hkhr djus esa o+Qke;kc gq, gSaA ge bl ljdkjh ng'kr dk fdl rjg eqo+Qkcyk djsa\\ fli+QZ ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh vksj ls eqo+Qkcys dh ng'kr gh mudh ng'kr dks jksdus esa o+Qke;kc gks ldrh gSA lekt esa ,d ykpkjh dh xgjh Hkkouk iQSyh gqbZ gSA bl [k+rjukd ek;wlh dks dSls nwj fd;k tk;s\\ fli+QZ o+QqckZuh dh :g dks txkdj [kks;s vkRefo'okl dks txk;k tk ldrk gSA vkradokn dk ,d vUrjjk\"Vªh; igyw Hkh gSA baXyS.M ds dki+Qh 'k=kq gSa tks gekjh rko+Qr ds iw.kZ çn'kZu ls gekjh lgk;rk djus dks rS;kj gSaA ;g Hkh ,d cM+k ykHk gSA Hkkjr lkezkT;okn ds tqos ds uhps fil jgk gSA blesa djksM+ksa yksx vkt vKkurk vkSj x+jhch ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSaA Hkkjr dh cgqr cM+h tula[;k tks et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh gS] mudks fons'kh ncko ,oa vk£Fkd ywV us iLr dj fn;k gSA Hkkjr ds esgurd'k oxZ dh gkyr vkt cgqr xEHkhj gSA mlds lkeus nksgjk [k+rjk gS μ fons'kh iw¡thokn dk ,d rji+Q ls vkSj Hkkjrh; iw¡thokn ds èkks[ks Hkjs geys dk nwljh rji+Q lsA Hkkjrh; iw¡thokn fons'kh iw¡th ds lkFk gj jkst+ cgqr ls x¡BtksM+ dj jgk gSA dqN jktuhfrd usrkvksa dk Mksfefu;u (çHkqrklEiUu) dk ntkZ Lohdkj djuk Hkh gok ds blh #[k dks Li\"V djrk gAS Hkkjrh; iw¡thifr Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks èkks[kk nsdj fons'kh iw¡thifr ls fo'okl?kkr dh o+Qher ds :i esa ljdkj esa dqN fgLlk çkIr djuk pkgrk gSA blh dkj.k esgurd'k dh reke vk'kk,¡ vc fli+QZ lektokn ij fVdh gSa vkSj fopkjksa dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj @ 441

fliQ+ Z ;gh i.w kZ LojkT; vkjS lc Hkns Hkko [kR+ e djus eas lgk;d lkfcr gks ldrk gSA ns'k dk Hkfo\"; ukStokuksa ds lgkjs gSA ogh èkjrh ds csVs gSaA mudh nq[k lgus dh rRijrk] mudh cs[k+kSi+Q cgknqjh vkSj ygjkrh o+QqckZuh n'kkZrh gS fd Hkkjr dk Hkfo\"; muds gkFk esa lqjf{kr gSA ,d vuqHkwfre; ?kM+h esa ns'kcUèkq nkl us dgk Fkk] ¶ukStoku Hkkjrekrk dh 'kku ,oa vk'kk,¡ gSaA vkUnksyu ds ihNs mudh çsj.kk gS] mudh o+QqckZuh gS vkSj mudh thr gSA vkt+knh dh jkg ij e'kkysa ysdj pyus okys ;s gh gSaA eqfDr dh jkg ij ;s rhFkZ;k=kh gSaA¸ Hkkjrh; fjifCyd ds ukStokuks] ugha flikfg;ks] o+Qrkjc¼ gks tkvksA vkjke ds lkFk u [kM+s jgks vkjS u gh fujFkdZ o+Qnerky fd;s tkvksA yEch nfjærk dks] tks rEq gas ukdkjk dj jgh g]S lnk ds fy, mrkj iQdas kAs rEq gkjk cgrq gh uds fe'ku gSA ns'k ds gj dksus vkSj gj fn'kk esa fc[kj tkvks vkSj Hkkoh ØkfUr ds fy,] ftldk vkuk fuf'pr gS] yksxksa dks rS;kj djksA i+QtZ+ ds fcxqy dh vkokt+ lquksA oSls gh [k+kyh ft+Unxh u x¡okvksA c<+ks] rqEgkjh ft+Unxh dk gj iy bl rjg ds rjhoQ+ s vkjS rjrhc <<¡w u+ s eas yxuk pkfg,] fd dlS s viuh ijq kru èkjrh dh vk[¡ kkas esa Tokyk tkxs vkSj ,d yEch vaxM+kbZ ysdj og tkx mBsA vaxzst+ lkezkT; ds f[+kyki+Q uo;qodksa ds moZj ân;ksa esa ,d mdlkgV vkSj ui+Qjr Hkj nks] ,sls cht Mkyks tksfd mxsa vkSj cM+s o`{k cu tk;sa D;ksafd bu chtksa dks rqe vius xeZ [+kwu ds ty ls lhapksxsA rc ,d Hk;kud Hkwpky vk;sxk] tks cM+s èkekds ls x+yr pht+ksa dks u\"V dj nsxk vkSj lkezkT;okn ds egy dks dqpydj èkwy esa feyk nsxk vkSj ;g rckgh egku gksxhA rc] vkSj fli+QZ rHkh] ,d Hkkjrh; o+QkSe tkxsxh] tks vius xq.kksa vkSj 'kku ls bUlkfu;r dks gSjku dj nsxhA rc pkykd vkSj cyoku lnk ls det+ksj yksxksa ls gSjku jg tk;saxsA rHkh O;fDrxr eqfDr Hkh lqjf{kr gksxh vkSj esgurd'k dh ljnkjh vkSj çHkqlÙkk dks lRdkjk tk;sxkA ge ,slh gh ØkfUr ds vkus dk lUns'k ns jgs gSaA ØkfUr vej jgs! μ djrkj ¯lg·] vè;{k (1929) fjifCydu çsl] vjgou] Hkkjr ls çdkf'krA (·Hkxr¯lg dk Nn~e uke) 442 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ce dk n'kuZ 23 fnlEcj] 1929 dks ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us fczfV'k lkezkT;okn ds LrEHk ok;ljk; dh xkM+h dks mM+kus dk ç;kl fd;k] tks vliQy jgkA xk¡èkhth us bl ?kVuk ij ,d dVqrkiw.kZ ys[k ^ce dh iwtk* fy[kk] ftlesa mUgksaus ok;ljk; dks ns'k dk 'kqHkfpUrd vkSj uo;qodksa dks vkt+knh ds jkLrs esa jksM+k vVdkus okys dgkA blh ds tokc esa fgUnqLrku lks'kfyLV fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dh vksj ls Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk us ^ce dk n'kZu* ys[k fy[kk] ftldk 'kh\"kZd ^fgUnqLrku lks'kfyLV fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dk ?kks\"k.kki=k* j[kk x;kA Hkxr¯lg us tsy esa bls vfUre :i fn;kA 26 tuojh] 1930 dks bls ns'kHkj esa ck¡Vk x;kA gky gh dh ?kVuk,¡! fo'ks\"k :i ls 23 fnlEcj] 1929 dks ok;ljk; dh Lis'ky Vsªu mM+kus dk tks ç;Ru fd;k x;k Fkk] mldh fuUnk djrs gq, dkaxzsl }kjk ikfjr fd;k x;k çLrko rFkk ^;ax bf.M;k* esa xk¡èkhth }kjk fy[ks x;s ys[kksa ls Li\"V gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; jk\"Vªh; dkaxzsl us xk¡èkhth ls lk¡B&xk¡B dj Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fo#¼ ?kksj vkUnksyu çkjEHk dj fn;k gSA turk ds chp Hkk\"k.kksa rFkk i=kksa ds ekè;e ls ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fo#¼ cjkcj çpkj fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ;k rks ;g tku&cw>dj fd;k x;k ;k fiQj dsoy vKku ds dkj.k muds fo\"k; esa x+yr çpkj gksrk jgk vkSj mUgsa x+yr le>k tkrk jgk_ ijUrq ØkfUrdkjh vius fl¼kUrksa rFkk dk;ks± dh ,slh vkykspuk ls ugha ?kcjkrs gSaA cfYd os ,slh vkykspuk dk Lokxr djrs gSa] D;ksafd os bls bl ckr dk Lof.kZe volj ekurs gSa fd ,slk djus ls mUgsa mu yksxksa dks ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds ewyHkwr fl¼kUrksa rFkk mPpkn'kks± dks] tks mudh çsj.kk rFkk 'kfDr ds vuojr Ïksr gSa] le>kus dk volj feyrk gAS vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd bl y[s k }kjk vke turk dks ;g tkuus dk volj feysxk fd ØkfUrdkjh D;k gSa] vkSj muds fo#¼ fd;s x;s HkzekRed çpkj ls mRiUu gksus okyh x+yri+Qgfe;ksa ls mUgsa cpk;k tk ldsxkA igys ge ¯glk vkSj v¯glk ds ç'u ij gh fopkj djsaA gekjs fopkj ls bu 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx gh x+yr fd;k x;k gS] vkSj ,slk djuk gh nksuksa nyksa ds lkFk vU;k; djuk gS] D;ksafd bu 'kCnksa ls nksuksa gh nyksa ds fl¼kUrksa dk Li\"V cksèk fopkjksa dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj @ 443

ugha gks ikrkA ¯glk dk vFkZ gS vU;k; ds fy, fd;k x;k cy&ç;ksx] ijUrq ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk rks ;g mís'; ugha gS_ nwljh vksj v¯glk dk tks vke vFkZ le>k tkrk g]S og gS vkfRed 'kfDr dk fl¼kUrA mldk mi;kxs O;fDrxr rFkk jk\"Vªh; vfèkdkjkas dks çkIr djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gAS viuvs ki dks d\"V nds j vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd bl çdkj vUr esa vius fojksèkh dk ân;&ifjorZu lEHko gks ldsxkA ,d ØkfUrdkjh tc dqN ckrksa dks viuk vfèkdkj eku ysrk gS rks og mudh ek¡x djrk gS] viuh ml ek¡x ds i{k esa nyhysa nsrk gS] leLr vkfRed 'kfDr ds }kjk mUgsa çkIr djus dh bPNk djrk gS] mldh çkfIr ds fy, vR;fèkd d\"V lgu djrk gS] blds fy, og cM+s ls cM+k R;kx djus ds fy, çLrqr jgrk gS vkSj mlds leFkZu esa og viuk leLr 'kkjhfjd cy&ç;ksx Hkh djrk gAS blds bu ç;Rukas dks vki pkgs ftl uke ls idq kj]as ijUrq vki bUgas ¯glk ds uke ls lEcksfèkr ugha dj ldrs] D;ksafd ,slk djuk dks\"k esa fn;s bl 'kCn ds vFkZ ds lkFk vU;k; gksxkA lR;kxzg dk vFkZ gS lR; ds fy, vkxzgA mldh LohÑfr ds fy, dsoy vkfRed 'kfDr ds ç;ksx dk gh vkxzg D;ksa\\ blds lkFk&lkFk 'kkjhfjd cy&ç;ksx Hkh D;ksa u fd;k tk;s\\ ØkfUrdkjh LorU=krk&çkfIr ds fy, viuh 'kkjhfjd ,oa uSfrd 'kfDr nksuksa ds ç;ksx esa fo'okl djrk gS] ijUrq uSfrd 'kfDr dk ç;ksx djus okys 'kkjhfjd cy&ç;ksx dks fuf\"k¼ ekurs gSaA blfy, vc loky ;g ugha gS fd vki ¯glk pkgrs gSa ;k v¯glk] cfYd ç'u rks ;g gS fd vki viuh mís';&çkfIr ds fy, 'kkjhfjd cy lfgr uSfrd cy dk ç;ksx djuk pkgrs gSa] ;k dsoy vkfRed 'kfDr dk\\ ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk fo'okl gS fd ns'k dks ØkfUr ls gh LorU=krk feysxhA os ftl ØkfUr ds fy, ç;Ru'khy gSa vkSj ftl ØkfUr dk :i muds lkeus Li\"V gS mldk vFkZ dsoy ;g ugha gS fd fons'kh 'kkldksa rFkk muds fiV~Bqvksa ls ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk l'kL=k la?k\"kZ gks] cfYd bl l'kL=k la?k\"kZ ds lkFk&lkFk uohu lkekftd O;oLFkk ds }kj ns'k ds fy, eqDr gks tk;saA ØkfUr iw¡thokn] oxZokn rFkk dqN yksxksa dks gh fo'ks\"kkfèkdkj fnykus okyh ç.kkyh dk vUr dj nsxhA ;g jk\"Vª dks vius iSjksa ij [kM+k djsxh] mlls uohu jk\"Vª vkSj u;s lekt dk tUe gksxkA ØkfUr ls lcls cM+h ckr rks ;g gksxh fd og et+nwj rFkk fdlkuksa dk jkT; o+Qk;e dj mu lc lkekftd vokafNr rÙoksa dks lekIr dj nsxh tks ns'k dh jktuhfrd 'kfDr dks gfFk;k;s cSBs gSaA vkt dh r#.k ih<+h dks tks ekufld X+kqykeh rFkk èkk£ed :f<+oknh cUèku tdM+s gSa vkSj mlls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy, r#.k lekt dh tks cspSuh gS] ØkfUrdkjh mlh esa çxfr'khyrk ds vadqj ns[k jgk gSA uo;qod tSls tSls ;g 444 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+