Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

VIII. tys dh lyk[kk+ as ds ihNs ls



baLisDVj tujy ds uke i=k 12 twu] 1929 dks vlsEcyh cedk.M ds eqo+Qnes dk Mªkek [k+Re gqvkA Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk dks mezo+SQn dh lt+k nh x;hA Hkxr¯lg dks fnYyh ls iatkc ys tkdj fe;k¡okyh tsy esa o nÙk dks ykgkSj dsUæh; tsy esa j[kk x;kA mUgksaus tsy esa jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ds lkFk O;ogkj ds fy, la?k\"kZ dh ;kstuk xkM+h esa gh cuk MkyhA muds vuqlkj] ¶lt+k ikus ds ckn geus ns[kk fd gekjs oxZ ds jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa dh fLFkfr cgqr [k+jkc FkhA¸ 17 twu] 1929 dks Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk us vyx&vyx uksfVlksa esa 15 twu ls Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: djus dh lwpuk vkSj viuh ek¡xksa dh lwph ljdkj dks is'k dhA ckn esa] 14 flrEcj] 1929 dks ;s nksuksa uksfVl ia- enueksgu ekyoh; }kjk ysftLysfVo vlsEcyh esa i<+s x;sA ,d nwljs i=k esa Hkxr¯lg us Lo;a dks ykgkSj tsy Hkstus dh ckr mBk;h rkfd lkfFk;ksa ds lEidZ esa jg ldsaA fe;k¡okyh tsy 17 twu] 1929 lsok esa] baLisDVj tujy] tsy] iatkc (tsYl) ykgkSjA fç; egksn;] bl lpkbZ ds ckotwn fd lk.MlZ 'kw¯Vx dsl esa fxjÝ+rkj nwljs ukStokuksa ds lkFk gh eq> ij Hkh eqo+Qnek pysxk] eq>s fnYyh ls fe;k¡okyh tsy esa cny fn;k x;k gAS ml dls dh luq okbZ 26 tuw ] 1929 ls 'k:q gkus s okyh gAS eaS ;g le>us esa loZFkk vleFkZ jgk gw¡ fd eq>s ;gk¡ rCnhy djus ds ihNs D;k Hkkouk dke dj jgh gSA tks Hkh gks] U;k; dh ek¡x gS fd gjsd vfHk;qDr (v.Mj Vªk;y) dks os lc lqfoèkk,¡ feyuh pkfg,] ftuls og vius eqo+Qnes dh rS;kjh dj lds vkSj yM+ tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 347

ldsA eSa ;gk¡ jgrs dSls viuk odhy fu;qDr dj ldrk gw¡\\ D;ksafd ;gk¡ jgrs g,q e>q s vius firk ;k nlw js fj'rns kjkas ls lEidZ j[kuk dfBu gAS ;g LFkku dkiQ+ h vyx&Fkyx gS] jkLrk dfBu gS vkSj ykgkSj ls dki+Qh nwj gSA eSa çkFkZuk djrk gw¡ fd vki eq>s rqjUr ykgkSj ls.Vªy tsy esa cnyus dk vkns'k nsa] ftlls fd eq>s viuk dsl yM+us dh rS;kjh djus dk mfpr volj feysA vk'kk gS fd 'kh?kz è;ku fn;k tk;sxkA vkidk Hkxr¯lg 348 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Hk[w k gMr+ ky dk ukfs Vl (Hkxr¯lg) 17 twu] 1929 çfr] baLisDVj tujy] tsYl] iatkc] ykgkSjA vlsEcyh cedk.M fnYyh ds lEcUèk esa eq>s vkthou o+SQn dh lt+k nh x;h gS] blfy, Li\"V gS fd eSa jktuhfrd cUnh gw¡A fnYyh tsy esa eq>s fo'ks\"k Hkkts u feyrk Fkk] yfs du ;gk¡ igp¡q us ij ejs s lkFk lkekU; vijkfèk;kas tlS k lydw fd;k tk jgk gS blfy, eSa 15 twu] 1929 dh lqcg ls Hkw[k gM+rky ij gw¡A bu nks&rhu fnuksa esa esjk ot+u fnYyh tsy dh vis{kk 6 ikS.M de gks x;k gSA eaS vkidk è;ku bl vkjs vkd£\"kr djuk pkgrk g¡w fd e>q s gj gky eas jktuhfrd cUnh dk fo'ks\"k ntkZ feyuk pkfg,A esjh ek¡xsa gSa % vPNk Hkkstu (nwèk] ?kh] nky] pkoy vkfn ds lkFk)] e'kD+o+Qr u djk;h tk;s] Luku&lqfoèkk (lkcqu] rsy&gtker vkfn)] çR;sd rjg dk lkfgR; (bfrgkl] vFkZ'kkL=k] jktuhfrd foKku] dfork] ukVd ;k miU;kl] lekpkji=k)A eq>s mEehn gS fd vki mnkjrkiwoZd esjs dFku ij fopkj djsaxs vkSj viuk i+QSlyk ysaxsA Hkxr¯lg vkthou cUnh u- 117] fe;k¡okyh tsy tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 349

Hkw[k gM+rky dk uksfVl (ch-ds- nÙk) 17 twu] 1929 lqifj.Vs.Ms.V] ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj eSa vkidks vkSj mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa dks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd jktuhfrd cUnh gksus ds ukrs eSa fuEu lqfoèkkvksa dh ek¡x dj ldrk gw¡A vlsEcyh esa ce iQsadus ds ckn ykWMZ b£ou us vius vfUre Hkk\"k.k esa dgk Fkk] ¶;g ce fdlh ,d O;fDr dh vksj ugha cfYd ,d laLFkk ij iQsads x;s gSaA¸ fiQj Jh feMYVu us vius i+QSlys esa mYys[k fd;k gS fd ¶;s yksx (nÙk vkSj Hkxr¯lg) vnkyr esa ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn*] ^loZgkjk ft+Unkckn* vkfn ds ukjs yxkrs gq, vkrs Fks ftlls lki+Q t+kfgj gksrk gS fd os bl rjg ds jktuhfrd fopkjksa ds gSaA bUgha fopkjksa ds çpkj dks jksdus ds fy, eSa budks thou o+SQn dh lt+k nsrk gw¡A¸ eSa iqu% ;g crk nsuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tc dksbZ ;wjksfi;u LokFkZijrk ds fy, Lo;a o+Qkuwu dh vogsyuk djrk gS rc tsy esa mldks lHkh rjg dh lqfoèkk,¡ feyrh gSaA mls fctyh okyk goknkj dejk] lcls vPNh [+kqjkd (nwèk] eD[ku] Mcy jksVh] xks'r vkfn) vkjS vPNs diM+s feysaxsA ysfdu ge jktuhfrd o+QfS n;ksa dks ;s lqfoèkk,¡ eqgS;k ugha djk;h tk jghaA ykWMZ b£ou vkSj Jh feMYVu dh fVIif.k;k¡ ;g lkfcr djus ds fy, i;kZIr gSa fd ge jktuhfrd cUnh gSa vkSj bl vkèkkj ij eSa ek¡x djrk gw¡ fd gekjs lkFk jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa tSlk O;ogkj gksuk pkfg,A eq>s vPNh [+kqjkd feyuh pkfg,] tksfd euq\"; ds LokLF; ds fy, vko';d gSA blds lkFk gh jktuhfr ij fopkj djus ds fy, eq>s gj çdkj dk lkfgR; vkSj lekpkji=k feyus pkfg,A yksx gesa vD[kM+] xqejkg vkSj cslcz ukStoku dgrs gSa] blfy, gesa vyx&vyx iqLrdsa i<+us dk volj fn;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd ge ns[k ldsa fd ge okLro esa cslcz] xqejkg ukStoku gSa ;k ugha] gekjs dke dk fopkj Bhd gS ;k ughaA esjh ek¡xsa bl çdkj gSa μ 1- vPNh [+kqjkd] lqcg nwèk vkSj Mcy jksVhA nksigj dks nky] pkoy] ?kh] 350 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lCt+h vkSj phuh vkSj jkr dks Mcy jksVh] xks'r vkSj pVuhA 2- e'kD+o+Qr u djk;h tk;sA 3- lekpkji=k vkSj gj çdkj dk lkfgR;A 4- Luku] lkcqu] rsy] da?kh vkSj gTtke vkfn lfgrA 5- vPNh fjgk;'kA 6- vius diM+sA lt+k ls igys vkSj ckn esa eq>s ;s lc pht+sa tsy ds [+kpZ ij feyrh Fkha] ysfdu ;gk¡ ;s lc pht+sa ugha fey jghaA blfy, eSaus 14 twu] 1929 ls Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: dj nh gSA bUgha dkj.kksa ls fe;k¡okyh tsy esa esjs lkFkh Hkxr¯lg us Hkh Hkw[k gM+rky dh gqbZ gSA eSa rc rd Hkw[k gM+rky ugha NksM+™¡xk tc rd fd ljdkj gekjh ek¡xksa dks ugha Lohdkj djrhA eSa rqjUr mÙkj dh vk'kk djrk gw¡A tks Hkh dksbZ ljdkjh vfèkdkjh vk;sxk mlls bl fo\"k; ij fopkj&foe'kZ ds fy, eSa rS;kj gw¡A ch-ds- nÙk] o+SQnh] vlsEcyh ce dsl tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 351

;rhUæukFk nkl dk i=k 3 tqykbZ] 1929 lezkV cuke ;rhUæukFk nkl egkns ;] vkidk çkFkhZ vR;Ur lEekuiwoZd çkFkZuk djrk gS fd μ (d) o+Qjhc pkj ;k ik¡p fnu igys jsyos LVs'ku iqfyl ykWdvi] tgk¡ eSa cUnh j[kk x;k Fkk] esa f'kuk[+rh ijsM djok;h x;hA ([k) fd jsyos LVs'ku ls xUns diM+s igus o o+Qjhc rhl&iSarkyhl lky dh mez ds chp ds dNq ita kch Hkfa x;kas vkjS dfq y;kas dks yk;k x;kA bu O;fDr;kas dks bl ykWdvi ij ,d xyh ls yk;k x;k] ftlds o+Qjhc eftLVsªV dh dkj esa igpku djkus okyk cSBk gqvk FkkA tc eq>s bu Ng O;fDr;ksa ds chp [kM+k dj fn;k x;k vkSj ;|fi ,slh f'kuk[+rh ijsM ds csrqdsiu ds fo\"k; esa eSaus eftLVsªV ls jks\"k Hkh çdV fd;k] D;ksafd ;s iatkch u fli+QZ vR;Ur â\"V&iq\"V Fks muds psgjs ds :i rd ls dksbZ Hkh ;g crk ldrk Fkk fd os caxkyh ugha gSaA ysfdu esjh vkifÙk;ksa ij dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k x;k] gkyk¡fd eSaus eftLVsªV ls ckj&ckj ;g dgk fd U;k;ksfpr ;g gksxk fd eq>s eq>ls feyrs&tqyrs caxkfy;ksa ds chp [kM+k fd;k tk;s] D;ksafd iqfyl ds ikl esjk i+QksVks] esjs gLrk{kj vkfn Fks ftUgsa os esjh f'kuk[+r djus vkus okys O;fDr ;k O;fDr;ksa dks fn[kk ldrs FksA (x) fd tks O;fDr esjh f'kuk[+r djus vk;k mlls] eSa ftl rkjh[k+ dks mlus dfFkr :i ls eq>s ns[kk] ml ckjs esa dqN loky iwNuk pkgrk Fkk ysfdu u fli+QZ esjk vuqjksèk ugha ekuk x;k] ogk¡ vk;s iqfyl&vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk f'kuk[+r djus vk;s] ml O;fDr dks ogk¡ ls ?klhVdj nwj ys tk;k x;kA (?k) fd ;g dkjZokbZ cM+s xksiuh; rjho+Qs o tYnckt+h ls dh x;h vkSj eq>s 352 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Mj gS fd blesa xEHkhj vfu;ferrk ik;h x;h gS] ftlls esjs cpko esa Hkkjh uqo+Qlku gksxkA ;rhUæukFk nkl] 3 tqykbZ] 1929 2-10 vijkÉ (ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fo#¼ eqo+Qnes dh dkjZokbZ fdl <ax ls py jgh Fkh vkSj fcfz V'k U;k; fdl rjg ls ,d <dkls yk Fkk] ;g rF; eftLVVªs ds uke ;rhUæukFk nkl ds bl fojksèk&i=k ls Hkyh&Hkk¡fr mtkxj gksrk gSA μ l-) tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 353

gkes eEs cj ds uke i=k ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 24 tqykbZ] 1929 Jheku] gkse esEcj] Hkkjr ljdkj] gesa (Hkxr¯lg vkSj ch-ds- nÙk) 12 twu] 1929 dks fnYyh ds vlsEcyh ce dsl esa vkthou dkjkokl dk n.M lquk;k x;kA tc rd ge fnYyh tsy esa gokykrh o+SQnh (v.Mj Vªk;y) jgs] gekjs lkFk cM+k vPNk lywd fd;k x;k] ij tc ls ml tsy ls gekjh rCnhyh fe;k¡okyh vkSj ykgkSj ls.Vªy tsy esa gqbZ] rc ls gekjs lkFk b[k+ykdh o+QSfn;ksa tSlk lywd fd;k tk jgk gSA igys gh fnu geus mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa ls vPNh [+kqjkd rFkk dqN vkSj lqfoèkkvksa dh ek¡x dh vkSj tsy dh jksVh [kkus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA gekjh ek¡xsa bl çdkj Fkha μ 1- jktuhfrd oQS+ nh gkus s ds ukrs geas vPNk [kkuk fn;k tkuk pkfg,] blfy, gekjs Hkkstu dk :i ;wjksfi;u o+QSfn;ksa tSlk gksuk pkfg,A ge mlh rjg dh [+kqjkd dh ek¡x ugha djrs] cfYd [+kqjkd dk Lrj oSlk pkgrs gSaA 2- gesa e'kD+o+Qr ds uke ij tsyksa esa lEekughu dke djus ds fy, ckè; ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A 3- fcuk fdlh jksd&Vksd ds iwoZ LohÑr (ftUgsa tsy&vfèkdkjh LohÑr dj ysa) iqLrdsa vkSj fy[kus dk lkeku ysus dh lqfoèkk gksuh pkfg,A 4- de ls de ,d nSfud i=k gjsd o+SQnh dks feyuk pkfg,A 5- gjsd tsy esa jktuhfrd o+QfS n;ksa dk ,d fo'ks\"k okMZ gksuk pkfg,] ftlesa mu lHkh vko';drkvksa dh iw£r dh lqfoèkk gksuh pkfg,] tks ;wjksfi;uksa ds fy, gksrh gSa vkSj ,d tsy esa jgus okys lHkh jktuhfrd o+SQnh ml okMZ esa bdV~Bk jgus pkfg,A 6- Luku ds fy, lqfoèkk,¡ feyuh pkfg,A 7- vPNs diM+s feyus pkfg,A 354 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gekjh ;s ek¡xsa iw.kZr;k mfpr gSa ij tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa us gesa ,d fnu dgk fd mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa us gekjh ek¡xsa ekuus ls bUdkj dj fn;k gSA blls Hkh vfèkd ;g fd t+cjnLrh [kkuk nsus okys gekjs lkFk cM+k cqjk lywd djrs gSaA 1 twu] 1929 dks Hkxr¯lg t+cjnLrh [kkuk nsus ds iUæg feuV ckn rd iwjh rjg cslqèk iM+s jgsA vr% ge ;g fuosnu djrs gSa fd fcuk fdlh <hy ds ;g nqO;Zogkj cUn fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blds lkFk gh gesa ;w-ih- tsy desVh esa if.Mr txrukjk;.k vkSj [k+ku cgknqj gkfi+Qt+ fgnk;r gqlsu dh fli+Qkfj'k dh rji+Q b'kkjk djus dh vkKk nh tk;sA mUgksaus ;g fli+Qkfj'k dh gS fd jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa ds lkFk vPNh Dykl ds o+QSfn;ksa tSlk lywd fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ge vkils çkFkZuk djrs gSa fd gekjh ek¡xksa dh vksj è;ku fn;k tk;sA vkid]s Hkxr¯lg vkSj ch-ds- nÙk uksV % jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa ls gekjk eryc mu yksxksa ls gS] ftUgsa 'kklu&fojksèkh dkjZokb;ksa ds dkj.k lt+k gqbZA mnkgj.k ds fy,] 1915&17 ds ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl] dkdksjh \"kM~;U=k dsl o vU; foæksgh dslksa esa lt+k ik;s ykxs A tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 355

iatkc tsy tk¡p lfefr ds vè;{k dks i=k 6 flrEcj] 1929 vè;{k] iatkc tsy tk¡p lfefr] vkSj Hkw[k gM+rky milfefr ds lnL;x.k] f'keyk (}kjk] vèkh{kd] cksLVZy baLVhP;wV] ykgkSj) fç; egksn;ks] fuEu ckrsa ge vkids fopkjkFkZ j[kus dh vuqefr pkgrs gSa μ (1) fd geus Hkw[k gM+rky NksM+h ugha Fkh cfYd fli+QZ ljdkj ds fu.kZ; rd bls LFkfxr fd;k FkkA gekjk fopkj gS fd geus ;g ckr vkils Li\"V dg nh Fkh vkSj ckj&ckj fiQj vkils ;g vkxzg fd;k Fkk fd bls turk vkSj lkFk gh ljdkj ds lkeus Li\"V dj fn;k tk;sA gesa cgqr gSjkuh gqbZ fd 4 flrEcj] 1929 ds ^flfoy ,.M fefyVªh xtV* esa Hkw[k gM+rky milfefr ds lnL;ksa dh vksj ls fn;s çsl&oDrO; esa bl ckr dk dksbZ ft+Ø ugha fd;k x;kA fiQj Hkh gesa mEehn gS fd vki tYn ls tYn ;g dj nsaxsA (2) geus fli+QZ vk'oklu ij Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr ugha dh Fkh fd vki vkjS tkp¡ lfefr ds ckoQ+ h lnL; gekjs lUrk\"s k ds vulq kj gekjh lkjh ekx¡ as ekurs gq, bldh fli+Qkfj'k dj nsaxsA geesa ls ,d us rks vkils dgk Fkk fd ljdkj us foxr le; esa cgqr lkjs ekeyksa esa tk¡p lfefr dh ,slh fli+Qkfj'ksa ugha ekuh Fkha] D;ksafd blls mudk y{; iwjk ugha gksrk] mnkgj.kLo:i ldhu lfefr dk gokyk fn;k x;k FkkA mUgsa la'k; Fkk fd vkidh lfefr dh fli+Qkfj'kksa ds lkFk Hkh ;gh O;ogkj gkxs kA tokc eas vkius dgk Fkk fd gekjs ikl vkus ls igys vkius LFkkuh; ljdkj ls ckr dj yh Fkh] vkSj vki gesa vk'oklu nsus dh fLFkfr esa Fks fd ljdkj bl ekeys esa ,slk ugha djsxhA 356 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

bl Li\"V vkSj egÙoiw.kZ vk'oklu ij gh] iwjs ukS ?k.Vs dh cgl ds ckn] geus Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr djuk Lohdkj fd;k FkkA blds vfrfjDr] vkius gesa fo'okl fnyk;k Fkk fd gekjh n`<+ bPNk ds vuqlkj lkFkh ;rhUæukFk nkl dks] muds LokLF; dh ukT+kqd fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fjgk dj fn;k tk;sxkA nwljs ;g fd fopkjkèkhu o+QSfn;ksa ds :i esa gekjh ek¡xsa] ftuesa lcls egÙoiw.kZ ge lHkh dks (lesr lkFkh Hkxr¯lg vkSj lkFkh nÙk) ,d lkFk vke cSjd esa j[kus dh ek¡x] ljdkj ,d ;k nks fnu esa gh eku ysxhA ij gekjh vk'kadk,¡ lgh fl¼ gqb±] tc milfefr dh rxM+h o ,der fli+Qkfj'kksa ds ckotwn ljdkj us u rks lkFkh nkl dks fjgk djuk Lohdkj fd;k vkSj u gh lkFkh Hkxr¯lg vkSj lkFkh nÙk dks gekjs lkFk j[kukA vr% bl rF; ds rRdky çek.k fey x;s gSa fd ljdkj dks vkidh fli+Qkfj'kksa dh dksbZ ijokg ugha vkSj gesa mEehn gS] vki gesa ;g dgus ds fy, {kek djsaxs fd ljdkj ;gh pkgrh Fkh fd gekjh Hkw[k gM+rky rqM+okus ds fy, tu&usrk gksus ds vkids lEekuuh; in dk bLrseky djsA ge vkSj Hkh crk nsa fd Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr djus ls igys geus cgqr è;ku ls bl ckr ij fopkj fd;k Fkk fd tk¡p lfefr ds ok;ns ij dgk¡ rd Hkjkslk fd;k tk ldrk gS\\ bl lEcUèk esa lkFkh Hkxr¯lg vkSj lkFkh nÙk dh lykg Fkh fd orZeku volj ij bldh ijh{kk gks tk;sxhA vc ge ns[k jgs gSa fd ljdkj us] tcfd vkidh nks cgqr lkèkkj.k fli+Qkfj'kksa dh vksj Hkh è;ku ugha fn;k] gesa rqjUr Hkw[k gM+rky vkjEHk djus ds fy, foo'k fd;k gSA (3) lkFkh nkl dh voLFkk csgn fpUrktud gS vkSj ;fn ljdkj ;g lksprh gS fd muds nsgkUr ds ckn ge vius dÙkZO; ls ihNs gV tk;saxs rks ;g mldh ?kkrd x+yrh gSA ge lHkh ;g crk jgs gSa fd ge lc mUgha ds jkLrs ij pyus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA fiQj Hkh fujUrj la?k\"kZ dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, lqfoèkk ds fy, ge Lo;a dks nks xqVksa esa ck¡V jgs gSa] ftuesa ls igyk xqV i+QkSju Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: dj jgk gSA ;g fu'p; fd;k x;k gS fd tc igys xqV ds lnL; dk nsgkUr gks tk;s rks nwljs xqV esa ls ,d lnL; vkxs vk;sxkA geus ;g fu.kZ; bldh iwjh xEHkhjrk dks ns[krs gq, fy;k gSA vius lkFkh nkl ds in&fpÉksa ij pyus ds flok; gekjs le{k vkSj dksbZ Hkh lEekutud o ljy jkLrk ugha cpk gSA ge vius dkWt+ (Cause) dks okftc o ckbTt+ r+ le>rs g]aS ftUgas ,ls s xEHkhj o+Qne mBkus ij etcwj djus dh ctk; dksbZ Hkh ljdkj eku ysrhA ge fiQj crk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 357

nsa fd ge ;g la?k\"kZ bl gn fu'p; ds lkFk dj jgs gSa fd okftc o ifo=k y{; ds fy, e`R;qi;ZUr la?k\"kZ djus ds flok; vkSj dksbZ Hkh pht+ lEekuuh; o 'kkunkj ugha gks ldrhA vUr eas ge ;g egllw djrs gaS fd ge viuk dÙkOZ ; ijw k ugha dj jgs gkxas ]s ;fn ljdkj ds lkeus gekjs y{; dks fn;s leFkuZ ds fy, vkidh lPph gk£nd fnypLih vkSj Hkkjh d\"V ds çfr vkidk gk£nd vkHkkj u ekusaA lPps fny ls] ge gSa vkids] ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl ds Hkw[k gM+rkyh 'kqØokj] 6 flrEcj] 1929 çkr% nl cts 358 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fo|k£Fk;kas ds uke i=k Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk dh vksj ls tsy ls Hkstk x;k ;g i=k 19 vDVwcj] 1929 dks iatkc Nk=k la?k] ykgkSj ds nwljs vfèkos'ku esa i<+dj lquk;k x;k FkkA vfèkos'ku ds lHkkifr Fks lqHkk\"kpUæ ckslA μ l- bl le; ge ukStokuksa ls ;g ugha dg ldrs fd os ce vkSj fiLrkSy mBk;saA vkt fo|k£Fk;ksa ds lkeus blls Hkh egÙoiw.kZ dke gSA vkus okys ykgkSj vfèko's ku eas dkxa lsz n's k dh vktk+ nh ds fy, tc+ jnLr yMk+ bZ dh mn~?kk\"s k.kk djus okyh gSA jk\"Vªh; bfrgkl ds bu dfBu {k.kksa esa ukStokuksa ds dUèkksa ij cgqr cM+h ft+Eesnkjh vk iM+sxhA ;g lp gS fd LorU=krk ds bl ;q¼ esa vfxze ekspks± ij fo|k£Fk;ksa us ekSr ls VDdj yh gSA D;k ijh{kk dh bl ?kM+h esa os mlh çdkj dh n`<+rk vkSj vkRefo'okl dk ifjp; nsus ls fgpfdpk;saxs\\ ukStokuksa dks ØkfUr dk ;g lUns'k ns'k ds dksus&dksus esa igq¡pkuk gS] i+QDS Vjh&dkj[+kkuksa ds {ks=kksa esa] xUnh cfLr;ksa vkjS xk¡oksa dh ttjZ >ksaifM+;ksa esa jgus okys djkMs k+ as ykxs kas eas bl ØkfUr dh vy[k txkuh gS ftlls vktk+ nh vk;xs h vkjS rc ,d euq\"; }kjk nwljs euq\"; dk 'kks\"k.k vlEHko gks tk;sxkA iatkc oSls gh jktuhfrd rkSj ij fiNM+k gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA bldh Hkh ft+Eesnkjh ;qod oxZ ij gh gSA vkt os ns'k ds çfr viuh vlhe J¼k vkSj 'kghn ;rhUæukFk nkl ds egku cfynku ls çsj.kk ysdj ;g fl¼ dj nsa fd LorU=krk ds bl la?k\"kZ esa os n`<+rk ls VDdj ys ldrs gSaA 22 vDVwcj] 1929 ds fVªC;wu (ykgkSj) esa çdkf'kr tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 359

bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn D;k gS\\ lEiknd] ekWMuZ fjO;w ds uke i=k ykgkSj ds Lis'ky eftLVªsV dh vnkyr esa ¶bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn¸ ukjk yxkus ds tqeZ esa Nk=kksa dh fxjÝ+rkjh ds f[k+yki+Q xqtjk¡okyk esa ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk us ,d çLrko ikfjr fd;kA ^ekWMuZ fjO;w* ds lEiknd jkekuUn pV~Vksikè;k; us bl [k+cj ds vkèkkj ij ¶bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn¸ ds ukjs dh vkykspuk dhA Hkxr¯lg vkSj ch-ds- nÙk us ^ekWMuZ fjO;w* ds lEiknd dks muds ml lEikndh; dk fuEufyf[kr mÙkj fn;k FkkA μ l- lEiknd egksn;] ekWMuZ fjO;wA vkius vius lEekfur i=k ds fnlEcj] 1929 ds vad esa ,d fVIi.kh ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn* 'kh\"kZd ls fy[kh gS vkSj bl ukjs dks fujFkZd Bgjkus dh ps\"Vk dh gAS vki ljh[ks ifjiDo fopkjd rFkk vuqHkoh vkjS ;'kLoh lEiknd dh jpuk esa nks\"k fudkyuk rFkk mldk çfrokn djuk] ftls çR;sd Hkkjrh; lEeku dh n`f\"V ls ns[krk gS] gekjs fy, ,d cM+h èk`\"Vrk gksxhA rks Hkh bl ç'u dk mÙkj nsuk ge viuk dÙkZO; le>rs gSa fd bl ukjs ls gekjk D;k vfHkçk; gSA ;g vko';d gS] D;ksafd bl ns'k esa bl le; bl ukjs dks lc yksxksa rd igq¡pkus dk dk;Z gekjs fgLls esa vk;k gSA bl ukjs dh jpuk geus ugha dh gSA ;gh ukjk :l ds ØkfUrdkjh vkUnkys u eas ç;kxs fd;k x;k gAS çfl¼ lektoknh ys[kd vIVu ¯lDys;j us vius miU;klksa ^cksLVu* vkSj ^vkbZy* esa ;gh ukjk dNq vjktdrkoknh ØkfUrdkjh ik=kkas ds e[q k ls ç;kxs djk;k gAS bldk vFkZ D;k gS\\ bldk ;g vFkZ dnkfi ugha gS fd l'kL=k la?k\"kZ lnSo tkjh jgs vkSj dksbZ Hkh O;oLFkk vYi le; ds fy, Hkh LFkk;h u jg lds] nwljs 'kCnksa esa μ ns'k vkSj lekt esa vjktdrk iQSyh jgsA 360 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

nh?kZdky ls ç;ksx esa vkus ds dkj.k bl ukjs dks ,d ,slh fo'ks\"k Hkkouk çkIr gks pqdh gS] tks lEHko gS Hkk\"kk ds fu;eksa ,oa dks\"k ds vkèkkj ij blds 'kCnksa ls mfpr rdlZ Eer :i esa fl¼ u gks ik;s] ijUrq blds lkFk gh bl ukjs ls mu fopkjksa dks i`Fkd ugha fd;k tk ldrk] tks blds lkFk tqM+s gq, gSaA ,sls leLr ukjs ,d ,sls LohÑr vFkZ ds |ksrd gSa] tks ,d lhek rd muesa mRiUu gks x;s gSa rFkk ,d lhek rd muesa fufgr gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, ge ;rhUæukFk ft+Unkckn dk ukjk yxkrs gSaA blls gekjk rkRi;Z ;g gksrk gS fd muds thou ds egku vkn'kks± rFkk ml vFkd mRlkg dks lnk&lnk ds fy, cuk;s j[ksa] ftlus bl egkure cfynkuh dks ml vkn'kZ ds fy, vdFkuh; d\"V >syus ,oa vlhe cfynku djus dh çsj.kk nhA ;g ukjk yxkus ls gekjh ;g ykylk çdV gksrh gS fd ge Hkh vius vkn'kks± ds fy, ,sls gh vpwd mRlkg dks viuk;saA ;gh og Hkkouk gS] ftldh ge ç'kalk djrs gSaA blh çdkj gesa ^bUo+Qykc* 'kCn dk vFkZ Hkh dksjs 'kkfCnd :i esa ugha yxkuk pkfg,A bl 'kCn dk mfpr ,oa vuqfpr ç;ksx djus okys yksxksa ds fgrksa ds vkèkkj ij blds lkFk fofHkUu vFkZ ,oa fofHkUu fo'ks\"krk,¡ tksM+h tkrh gSaA ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh n`f\"V esa ;g ,d ifo=k okD; gSA geus bl ckr dks fVªC;wuy ds lEeq[k vius oDrO; esa Li\"V djus dk ç;kl fd;k FkkA bl oDrO; esa geus dgk Fkk fd ØkfUr (bUo+Qykc) dk vFkZ vfuok;Z :i esa l'kL=k vkUnksyu ugha gksrkA ce vkSj fiLrkSy dHkh&dHkh ØkfUr dks liQy cukus ds lkèku&ek=k gks ldrs gSaA blesa Hkh lUnsg ugha gS fd dqN vkUnksyuksa esa ce ,oa fiLrkSy ,d egÙoiw.kZ lkèku fl¼ gksrs gSa] ijUrq dsoy blh dkj.k ls ce vkSj fiLrkSy ØkfUr ds i;kZ;okph ugha gks tkrsA foæksg dks ØkfUr ugha dgk tk ldrk] ;|fi ;g gks ldrk gS fd foæksg dk vfUre ifj.kke ØkfUr gksA bl okD; esa ØkfUr 'kCn dk vFkZ ^çxfr ds fy, ifjorZu dh Hkkouk ,oa vkdka{kk* gAS yksx lkèkkj.kr;k thou dh ijEijkxr n'kkvksa ds lkFk fpid tkrs gSa vkSj ifjorZu ds fopkj&ek=k ls gh dk¡ius yxrs gSaA ;gh ,d vdeZ.;rk dh Hkkouk gS] ftlds LFkku ij ØkfUrdkjh Hkkouk tkxzr djus dh vko';drk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd vdeZ.;rk dk okrkoj.k fu£er gks tkrk gS vkjS :f<+oknh 'kfDr;k¡ ekuo lekt dks dqekxZ ij ys tkrh gaSA ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ ekuo lekt dh mUufr esa xfrjksèk dk dkj.k cu tkrh gSaA ØkfUr dh bl Hkkouk ls euq\"; tkfr dh vkRek LFkk;h rkSj ij vksrçksr jguh pkfg,] ftlls fd :f<+oknh 'kfDr;k¡ ekuo lekt dh çxfr dh nkSM+ esa ckèkk Mkyus ds fy, laxfBr u gks ldsaA ;g vko';d gS fd iqjkuh O;oLFkk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 361

lnSo u jgs vkSj og u;h O;oLFkk ds fy, LFkku fjDr djrh jgs] ftlls fd ,d vkn'kZ O;oLFkk lalkj dks fcxM+us ls jksd ldsA ;g gS gekjk og vfHkçk; ftldks ân; esa j[kdj ge ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn* dk ukjk Å¡pk djrs gSaA 22 fnlEcj] 1929 Hkxr¯lg μ ch-ds- nÙk 362 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

xg` eU=kh] Hkkjr ljdkj dks rkj fczfV'k lkezkT; ds fo#¼ ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us tsy esa Hkh çfrfnu la?k\"kZ tkjh j[kkA tsyksa esa lqèkkj ds fy, tks Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: dh x;h] og dbZ eaft+yksa ls xqt+jhA ;rhUæukFk nkl 'kghn gq,] ljdkj us dqN ok;ns fd;sA ,d ckj Hkw[k gM+rky NksM+h x;h] vkSj fiQj 'kq: dj nh x;h] D;ksafd ljdkj ds ok;ns >wBs lkfcr g,q FkAs turk ds lkeus ljdkj dh vlfy;r ykuk ml vfHk;ku dk fgLlk FkkA fiQj 'kq: gqbZ Hkw[k gM+rky esa ljdkj us dbZ csgwnk <ax viuk;s] ysfdu ØkfUrdkjh n`<+rk ls vius fo'oklksa ij fLFkj jgsA Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkFkh lHkh d\"Vksa dks g¡ldj >syus ds fl¼kUr ij pyrs jgsA 20 tuojh] 1930 çfr] x`geU=kh] Hkkjr Hkxr¯lg vkSj vU; o+QSfn;ksa dh vksj lsA lfefr ds bl vk'oklu ij fd jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa ds lkFk O;ogkj dk ç'u gekjs lUrks\"k ds vuqlkj 'kh?kz gh vfUre :i esa gy fd;k tk jgk gS] geus viuh Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr dj nh FkhA vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl lfefr ds Hkw[k gM+rky lEcUèkh çLrkoksa dh çfr;k¡ tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa us jksd yh gSaA dkaxzsl çfrfufèk e.My dks o+QSfn;ksa ls feyus dh vuqefr nsus ls bUdkj dj fn;k x;k gSA \"kM~;U=k dsl ls lEcfUèkr fopkjkèkhu O;fDr;ksa ij iqfyl&vfèkdkfj;ksa dh vkKk ls 23] 24 vDVwcj] 1929 dks cqjh rjg geys fd;s x;sA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 363

rhljs b.Vjus'kuy] ekLdks ds vè;{k dks rkj 24 tuojh] 1930 dks ysfuu&fnol ds volj ij ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl ds fopkjkèkhu o+SQnh viuh xjnuksa esa yky :eky ck¡èkdj vnkyr esa vk;sA os dkdksjh&xhr xk jgs FksA eftLVsªV ds vkus ij mUgksaus ^lektoknh ØkfUr μ ft+Unkckn* vkSj ^lkezkT;okn μ eqnkZckn* ds ukjs yxk;sA fiQj Hkxr¯lg us fuEufyf[kr rkj rhljh b.Vjus'kuy] ekLdks ds vè;{k ds uke çsf\"kr djus ds fy, eftLVsªV dks fn;k μ ¶yfs uu&fnol ds volj ij ge lkfs o;r :l eas gks jgs egku vuHq ko vkjS lkFkh ysfuu dh liQyrk dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, viuh fnyh eqckjo+Qckn Hkstrs gAaS ge vius dks fo'o&ØkfUrdkjh vkUnkys u ls tkMs u+ k pkgrs gAaS etn+ jw &jkt dh thr gksA ljek;knkjh dk uk'k gksA lkezkT;okn μ eqnkZckn!!¸ fopkjkèkhu o+SQnh] 24 tuojh] 1930 ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl (fVªC;wu] ykgkSj 26 tuojh] 1930 esa çdkf'kr) 364 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

x`g eU=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dks Lej.ki=k }kjk] Lis'ky eftLVsªV] ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl] ykgkSj 28 tuojh] 1930 20 tuojh] 1930 ds gekjs rkj ds lUnHkZ esa] tks uhps fn;k tk jgk gS] gesa dksbZ mÙkj ugha fn;k x;k μ x`g lnL; Hkkjr ljdkj] fnYyh&ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl ds fopkjkèkhu (v.Mj Vªk;y) cfUn;ksa us bl vk'oklu ij Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr dh Fkh fd ljdkj tsy desVh dh fli+Qkfj'kksa ij fopkj dj jgh gSA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ljdkjh dkWUç+Qsal lekIr gks x;h ysfdu vHkh rd dksbZ dkjZokbZ ugha dh x;h μ jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ds lkFk çfr'kksèkkRed O;ogkj vHkh Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA fuosnu gS fd ykgkjS lkft+'k dsl ds cfUn;ksa ds ckjs esa ljdkj gesa vius vfUre fu.kZ; ls ,d gÝ+rs esa voxr djk nsA ftl çdkj mijkDs r rkj eas l{a kis eas crk;k g]S vkids è;ku eas ge ;g ykuk pkgrs gSa fd iatkc dh tsyksa esa cUn ykgkSj lkft+'k ds cfUn;ksa vkSj çR;sd jktuhfrd cUnh dks iatkc tsy tk¡p desVh ds lnL;ksa ds bl vk'oklu ls fd cgqr tYn gh jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ds O;ogkj dk ç'u gekjh rlYyh ds vuqlkj gy fd;k tk jgk gS] Hkw[k gM+rky LFkfxr dj nhA egku 'kghn ;rhUæukFk nkl dh 'kgknr ds ckn ;g ekeyk ysftLysfVo vlsEcyh esa mBk vkSj lj tsEl djhZj us lkoZtfud :i ls ;g vk'oklu fn;k fd vc eu cny x;k gSA vkSj rHkh ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa ds lkFk O;ogkj ds ç'u ij mUgsa cgqr lgkuqHkwfr gSA ,sls jkt&cfUn;ksa us tks ns'k ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkxksa dh tsyksa esa Hkw[k gM+rky ij Fks] ml le; μ mijksDr vk'oklu vkSj dqN cfUn;ksa dh cnrj gkyr dks lkeus j[kdj ikl fd;s x;s vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl desVh ds ikfjr çLrko vkSj fuosnu ij μ viuh gM+rky LFkfxr dj nh FkhA ml le; ls lHkh LFkkuh; ljdkjksa us viuh fli+Qkfj'ksa is'k dj nh gSaA vyx&vyx jkT;ksa tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 365

dh tsyksa ds baLisDVj tujyksa dh cSBd y[kuÅ esa vHkh lekIr gqbZ gSA vf[ky Hkkjrh; ljdkjh dkWUç+Qsal dk fopkj&foe'kZ fnYyh esa gqvk gSA vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkWUç+Qsal fiNys fnlEcj eghus esa gqbZ FkhA ,d ekg ls vfèkd chr pqdk gS] ysfdu ljdkj us vHkh rd ,d Hkh fli+Qkfj'k ykxw ugha dhA bl rjg ds yVdk;s j[kus okys O;ogkj esa nwljksa dh rjg gesa Hkh bl ckr dk Hk; gS fd lEHkor% bl loky dks ,d vksj dj fn;k x;k gSA fiNys pkj eghuksa esa ftl çdkj Hkw[k gM+rkfy;ksa vkSj jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ds lkFk çfr'kksèkkRed O;ogkj gqvk gS] mlls gekjh vk'kadk vkSj iDdh gqbZ gSA tks ;kruk,¡ jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks nh tk jgh gSa] muds lEcUèk esa iwjh tkudkjh gksuk gekjs fy, cgqr dfBu gS ysfdu fiQj Hkh tsy dh pkjnhokjh esa ls tks FkksM+h&cgqr lwpuk,¡ geas fey ldrh gSa os gesa oLrqfLFkfr ls ifjfpr djkus ds fy, i;kZIr gSaA ,sls gh dqN mnkgj.k ge uhps ns jgs gSa] ftuesa ge fopfyr gq, fcuk ugha jg lds vkSj tks ljdkjh vk'okluksa esa esy ugha [kkrs μ 1- Jh;qr c-d- cuthZ] tks nf{k.ks'oj ce dsl ds lEcUèk esa ykgkSj ls.Vªy tsy esa ik¡p cjl dh lt+k Hkqxr jgs gSa] xr o\"kZ vke Hkw[k gM+rky esa 'kkfey gks x;sA mudh lt+k ds fglkc ls mudh fjgkbZ fiNys fnlEcj ekg esa gks tkuh Fkh] ysfdu vc pkj ekg ds fy, Vky nh x;h gSA bl tsy esa ykgkSj lkft+'k ds lEcUèk esa vkthou cUnh dh lt+k Hkqxr jgs lÙkj o\"khZ; o`¼ ckck lksgu ¯lg1 dks lt+k nh x;h gSA blds vykok vU;ksa esa ls fe;k¡okyh tsy esa cUn ljnkj dkcy ¯lg2 vkSj ljnkj xksiky ¯lg3 dks vke Hkw[k gM+rky esa 'kkfey gksus ds dkj.k lt+k,¡ nh x;h gSaA buesa ls vusd ekeyksa esa o+SQn c<+k nh x;h gS] tcfd dqN Lis'ky Dykl ls gVk fn;s x;s gSaA 2- blh vijkèk eas vFkkrZ vke Hk[w k gMr+ ky eas 'kkfey gkus s ds dkj.k vkxjk ls.Vªy tsy esa cUn loZJh 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky] jkeÑ\".k [k=kh] lqjs'k pUæ HkV~Vkpk;Z] jkedqekj flUgk] 'kphUæukFk c['kh] eUeFkukFk xqIr rFkk dkdksjh dsl ds vusd cfUn;ksa dks l[+r lt+k,¡ nh xb±A fo'oLr lw=k ls irk pyk gS fd Jh lkU;ky dks csfM+;k¡ Mkydj ,dkUr dksBjh esa j[kk x;k gS] ftlds dkj.k mudk LokLF; fcxM+ x;k gAS mudk otu+ 18 ik.S M de gks x;k gAS ekyew gvq k fd Jh HkV~Vkpk;Z risfnd ds ejht gSaA cjsyh tsy ds rhu cfUn;ksa dks Hkh lt+k,¡ nh x;h gSaA mudh leLr lqfoèkk,¡ okil ys yh x;haA ;gk¡ rd fd vius 1- ckck lksgu ¯lg Hkduk] (1867&1968)] x+nj ikVhZ ds igys vè;{k 2- dkcy ¯lg xksfoUniqjh 3- xksiky ¯lg o+QkSeh 366 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lEcfUèk;ksa ls eqyko+Qkr ,oa i=k&O;ogkj djus tSls vke vfèkdkj Hkh Nhu fy;s x;s gSaA muds ot+u dki+Qh de gks x;s gSaA bl lEcUèk esa if.Mr tokgjyky us flrEcj] 1929 vkSj tuojh] 1930 esa nks çsl oDrO; fn;s FksA 3- Hkw[k gM+rky ds lEcUèk esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl dk çLrko] LohÑr gksus ds i'pkr] rkj }kjk vyx&vyx jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks Hkstk x;kA budh dkfi;k¡ tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa us jksd yhaA fiQj bl lEcUèk esa ljdkj us cfUn;ksa ls eqyko+Qkr ds fy, dkaxzsl çfrfufèk e.My dks btkt+r ugha nhA 4- iqfyl ds mPp vfèkdkfj;ksa ds vkns'kkuqlkj 23 ,oa 24 vDVwcj] 1929 dks ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl ds eqyft+e cfUn;ksa ij ogf'k;kuk geyk fd;k x;kA fooj.k lekpkji=kksa esa çdkf'kr gq, gSaA Lis'ky eftLVsªV if.Mr JhÑ\".k us geesa ls ,d O;fDr dk c;ku nt+Z fd;k FkkA bl c;ku dh dkih vkidks 16 fnlEcj] 1929 dks Hksth tk pqdh gSA ij u rks iatkc ljdkj vkSj u gh Hkkjr ljdkj us mÙkj nsuk ;k gekjh vksj ls tk¡p djkus dh ek¡x dks vko';d le>k] tcfd nwljh vksj ls blh ?kVuk ds lEcUèk esa ^¯glkRed çfr'kksèk* ysus ds bjkns ls LFkkuh; ljdkj us ge ij eqo+Qnek pykus dh cgqr vko';drk eglwl dh gSA 5- fnlEcj] 1929 ds vfUre lIrkg esa ykgkSj cksLVZy tsy esa o+SQn cUnh Jh fdj.kpUæ nkl rFkk vU; vkB dks tc eftLVsªV dh vnkyr esa ykdj is'k fd;k x;k rks mUgsa gFkdfM+;ksa vkSj t+athjksa ls tdM+k gqvk FkkA ;g iatkc tsy tk¡p desVh vkSj iatkc dh tsyksa ds baLisDVj tujy ds le>kSrs dk ljklj mYya?ku FkkA ;g è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS fd ;s tekur ;ksX; tqeZ ds rgr cUnh FksA bl lEcUèk esa MkWDVj eksgEen vkye] ykyk nquhpUn ykgkSj okys vkSj ykyk nquhpUn vEckyk okys ds yEcs c;ku ^fVªC;wu* esa çdkf'kr gq, gSaA tc gesa jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dh leLr ;krukvksa dk irk pyk rks geus Hkw[k gM+rky iqu% çkjEHk djus ls xqjst fd;kA Hkys gh bl ckr dk gesa vR;Ur nq[k Fkk] ysfdu geus lkspk fd leL;k tYn gh r; gks tk;sxhA ysfdu vc mijksDr mnkgj.kksa dh jks'kuh esa D;k ge ;g ekusa fd Hkw[k gM+rky dh vudgh] Hk;adj ;kruk,¡ vkSj ;rhUæukFk nkl dh egku 'kgknr ,sls gh pyh x;h\\ D;k ge ;gh ekusa fd mHkj jgs tu&vkUnksyu dks jksdus vkSj ladVe; nkSj dks Vkyus dh uh;r ls gh ljdkj us gesa vk'oklu fn;s Fks\\ ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd vki gels vlger ugha gksaxs fd geus dki+Qh le; rd èkS;Z ls çrh{kk dh gSA ysfdu ge vuUr dky rd çrh{kk ugha dj ldrsA ljdkj ds vius <qyeqy O;ogkj ,oa jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj ds pyrs gekjs ikl iqu% la?k\"kZ 'kq: djus ds vykok dksbZ fodYi ugha jg x;k gSA ge tkurs gSa fd Hkw[k gM+rky vkjEHk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 367

djuk vkSj mls tkjh j[kuk dksbZ ljy dk;Z ugha] ysfdu lkFk gh ge crk nsrs gSa fd Hkkjr vU; cgqr&ls ;rhUæ vkSj jkejD[kk vkSj Hkku ¯lg iSnk dj ldrk gSA (vfUre nksuksa us 1917 esa v.Meku }hiksa esa vius thou dk mRlxZ dj fn;k FkkA igys us 92 fnuksa dh Hkw[k gM+rky ds ckn vkf[k+jh lk¡l yh vkSj nwljk Ng eghus rd piq pki vekuoh; vR;kpkj lgrs g,q egku uk;d dh e`R;q dks çkIr gvq kA) jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa ls vPNs O;ogkj ds leFkZu esa turk esa ls yksxksa us rFkk geus dki+Qh dqN dgk gSA bls nksgjkus dh t+:jr ugha gSA oxhZdj.k ds ekeys esa lcls vge i{k vkSj ewy eUrO; dh LFkkiuk ds ckjs esa ge dqN 'kCn dguk pkgsaxsA oxhZdj.k ds ekin.M ds ç'u ij gaxkek gqvk gSA vyx&vyx ljdkjksa dks lq>k;s gq, ekin.M esa ls ewy eUrO; dks fcYdqy fudky fn;k x;k gSA ;g okLro esa vtc O;ogkj gAS ek=k ewy eUrO; ls gh fdlh Hkh dk;oZ kgh dh lgh o+Qæ dk fu.kZ; fd;k tk ldrk gSA D;k ge ;g le>sa fd ljdkj μ ,d ,sls geykoj tks vius f'kdkj dk 'kks\"k.k djrs gq, mls tku ls ekj Mkyrk gS vkSj ,d [kM+xcgknqj] tks ,d cnek'k dh gR;k djds ukStoku yM+dh dh bT+t+r cpkrk gS vkSj lekt dks lcls vfèkd nqjkpkjh pkiywl ls eqfDr fnykrk gS μ nksuksa ds chp vUrj djus esa vleFkZ gS\\ D;k nksuksa dks ,d gh oxZ dk O;fDr le>k tk;s\\ D;k ,d tSlk vijkèk djus okys nks O;fDr;ksa esa dksbZ vUrj ugha ftuesa ,d LokFkhZ gS vkSj nwljk fuLokFkZ\\ blh rjg D;k ,d lkekU; gR;kjs vkSj ,d jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ esa dksbZ vUrj ugha\\ Hkys gh jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ ¯glk Hkh viuk ys] mldh ;g fuLokFkZrk D;k mls 'ks\"k vijkfèk;ksa ls Å¡pk ugha dj nsrh\\ ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa gekjh ekU;rk gS fd oxhZdj.k ds ekin.M esa eUrO; dks lcls eq[; i{k dh rjg fy;k tkuk pkfg,A xr o\"kZ gekjh Hk[w k gMr+ ky vkjEHk gkus s ij tc blh ckr ij fopkj ds fy, vusd tu&usrk μ ftuesa MkW- xksihpUæ vkjS ykyk nquhpUn vEckyk okys Hkh Fks] ftUgksaus iatkc tsy esa tk¡p desVh dh fli+Qkfj'kksa ij gLrk{kj fd;s gSa μ gekjs ikl vk;s vkSj tc mUgksaus crk;k fd vkradoknh vijkèk ds cfUn;ksa esa ls lt+k ik;s jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks ljdkj fo'ks\"k oxZ ds cUnh ekuus ij fopkj dj jgh g]S rc okLro eas gR;k ds vijkfèk;kas dks ckgj j[kus okyh gn rd dh fliQ+ kfj'k dks le>kSrs ds rkSj ij eku fy;k x;k] ysfdu ckn esa cgl ds nkSjku nwljk gh joS;k viuk fy;k x;k vkSj iatkc tsy tk¡p desVh ds fy, gokys dh 'krks± okyk la;qDr c;ku bl rjg fy[kk x;k] ftlls çrhr gksrk Fkk fd ewy eUrO; dk ç'u fcYdqy gh vyx dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj lewpk oxhZdj.k nks pht+ksa ij vkèkkfjr Fkk μ 368 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

1- vijkèk dk <ax] vkSj 2- vijkèkh dk lkekftd LrjA bl ekin.M us leL;k ds funku ds ctk; mls isphnk cuk fn;kA v¯glkRed vkSj ¯glkRed vijkèkksa okys jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa esa nks oxks± okyh ckr ge le> ldrs FksA ysfdu iatkc tsy tk¡p desVh dh fli+Qkfj'kksa eas lkekftd Lrj dk ç'u vk tkrk gAS ftl çdkj pkèS kjh viQ+ ty+ goQ+ us fjikVs Z ls vlgefr dh fVIi.kh esa Bhd gh dgk gS fd LorU=krk ds dk;Z esa tqVs jgus ds dkj.k daxky gks x;s jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa dk D;k gksxk\\ D;k mUgsa fdlh U;k;kèkh'k dh n;k ij NksM+ fn;k tk;s] tks çR;sd dks lkèkkj.k vijkèkh dgdj viuh oi+Qknkjh fl¼ djus dh dksf'k'k djrk jgsxkA ;k ;g vk'kk dh tk;s fd ,d vlg;kxs h tys ls vPNs O;ogkj dh çkFkuZ k djrs g,q mu ykxs kas ds vkxs gkFk iQSyk;sxk] ftuds fo#¼ og tw> jgk gS\\ D;k ;g <ax bl cspSuh ds dkj.k dks nwj djus dk gS ;k c<+kus dk\\ rdZ fn;k tk ldrk gS fd tsyksa ds ckgj nfjærk esa thrs yksxksa dks tsyksa esa ,s'kks&vkjke dh vk'kk ugha j[kuh pkfg, tgk¡ fd mUgsa lt+k ds mís'; ls cUnh cukdj j[kk x;k gSA ij os dkSu&ls lqèkkj gSa ftudh ,s'k ds fy, vko';drk gksrh gS\\ D;k os ek=k lkèkkj.k thou&Lrj dh vko';drk,¡ ugha gSa\\ ek¡xh tkus okyh leLr lqfoèkkvksa ds ckotwn tsy lnk tsy gh jgsxhA ckgj ds yksxksa dks vkd£\"kr djus ds fy, (tsy) dksbZ pqEcdh; 'kfDr ugha gksrh vkSj u gh dHkh gks ldrh gSA dsoy tsy vkus ds fy, dksbZ Hkh vijkèk ugha djrkA ge ;g dgus dk lkgl j[krs gSa fd fdlh Hkh ljdkj dk ;g cgqr ?kfV;k rdZ gksxk fd ukxfjdksa dks bl ntsZ rd eksgrktxh gks x;h gS] vkSj muds jgus dk Lrj tsy ds Lrj dh vis{kk ?kfV;k gks x;k gSA D;k ,sls rdZ esa ljdkj ds vfLrRo dh dksbZ lEHkkouk 'ks\"k jg tkrh gS\\ [k+Sj] bl le; geas bu ckrkas ls dkbs Z ljkds kj ugha gAS ge dguk pkgrs gaS fd cps uS h dks njw djus dk lcls csgrj <ax ;g gS fd jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks fHkUu oxZ esa j[kk tk;sA ckn esa vxj vko';drk eglwl gks rks bldks iqu% nks oxks± μ ,d] tks v¯gld vijkèkkas eas ltk+ ;kÝr+ k gaS vkjS nlw j]s tks ¯gld vijkèkkas eas ltk+ ;kÝr+ k gaS μ eas ckV¡ k tk ldrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa eUrO; fu.kZ;kRed igyw cu tk;sxkA ;g dguk fd jktuhfrd ekeyksa esa eUrO; dk i+QSlyk ugha fd;k tk ldrk] ,d >wBk nkok gSA og dkSu&lh pht+ gS tks vkt tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa ls tsyksa esa ^jktuhfrdksa* dks lkèkkj.k lqfoèkkvksa ls oafpr djus ds fy, dgrh gS\\ og dkSu&lh pht+ gS tks mudh uEcjnkfj;k¡ Nhurh gS\\ og dkSu&lh pht+ gS tks vfèkdkfj;ksa ls ;g dgrh gS fd mUgsa 'ks\"k cfUn;ksa ls vyx j[kk tk;s\\ ;gh pht+ oxhZdj.k esa Hkh enn dj ldrh gSA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 369

tgk¡ rd fo'ks\"k ek¡xksa dk lEcUèk gS] ge igys gh iatkc tsy tk¡p desVh ls vius Lej.k&i=k esa iwjh rjg dg pqds gSaA fiQj Hkh ge bl ckr ij t+ksj nsuk pkgrs gSa fd fdlh Hkh jktuhfrd cUnh dk pkgs tks vijkèk gks] mls l[+r vkSj lEeku&fojksèkh e'kD+o+Qr ugha feyuh pkfg,A ,d tsy esa ,sls lHkh cfUn;ksa dks ,d gh okMZ esa lkFk&lkFk j[kuk pkfg, vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk\"kk ;k vaxzst+h dk de ls de ,d lekpkji=k mUgas fn;k tkuk pkfg,A vè;;u ds fy, lHkh vko';d lqfoèkk,¡ nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj O;fDrxr lkèkuksa ls Hkkstu vkSj diM+s ij [+kpZ c<+kus dh btkt+r nh tkuh pkfg,A ge vHkh Hkh vk'kkfUor gaS fd ljdkj geas vkjS turk dks fn;s x;s vk'oklu dks vfoyEc dk;Z:i esa yk;sxh] rkfd Hkw[k gM+rky dk fiQj volj u vk;sA vkxkeh lkr fnuksa esa ;fn ljdkj us viuk vk'oklu iwjk u fd;k rks ge iqu% Hkw[k gM+rky djus ds fy, ckè; gksaxsA vkid]s Hkxr¯lg] nÙk vkSj vU; o+SQnh ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dslA 370 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Lis'ky eftLVsªV] ykgkSj ds uke }kjk] lqifj.Vs.Ms.V] ls.Vªy tsy] ykgkSj 11 i+Qjojh] 1930 feLVj eftLVsªV] 4 i+Qjojh] 1930 ds flfoy ,.M fefyVªh xtV esa çdkf'kr vkids c;ku ds lEcUèk eas ;g t:+ jh tku iMr+ k gS fd ge vius vnkyr eas u vkus ds dkj.kkas ls vkidks ifjfpr djok;sa] rkfd dksbZ x+yri+Qgeh vkSj x+yr&çLrqfr lEHko u gkAs igys ge ;g dguk pkgxas s fd geus vHkh rd fcfz V'k vnkyrkas dk ck;dkV ugha fd;k gSA ge fe- yqbl dh vnkyr esa tk jgs gSa] tks gekjs fo#¼ tsy ,DV èkkjk 22 ds vèkhu eqo+Qnes dh lquokbZ dj jgs gSaA ;g ?kVuk 29 tuojh dks vkidh vnkyr esa ?kfVr gqbZ FkhA ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl ds lEcUèk esa ;g o+Qne mBkus ds fy, gesa fo'ks\"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa us etcwj fd;k gSA ge 'kq: ls gh eglwl djrs jgs gSa fd vnkyr ds x+yr joS;s }kjk ;k tsy ds vFkok vU; vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk gekjs vfèkdkjkas dh lhek yk?¡ kdj geas fujUrj tku&c>w dj ij's kku fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd gekjh iSjoh esa ckèkk,¡ Mkyh tk ldsaA dqN fnu igys tekur dh nj[+okLr esa geus viuh rdyhi+Qas vkids lkeus j[kh Fkha] ysfdu ml nj[+okLr dks dNq oQ+ kuuw h uDq rkas ij ukeTa k+ jw djrs g,q vkius cfUn;kas dh rdyhiQ+ kas dk ftØ+ djuk t+:jh ugha le>k] ftuds vkèkkj ij tekur dh nj[+okLr nh x;h FkhA ge eglwl djrs gSa fd eftLVsªV dk igyk o eq[; i+Qt+Z ;g gksrk gS fd mldk O;ogkj fu\"i{k o nksuksa i{kksa ds Åij mBk gksuk pkfg,A ;gk¡ rd fd ml fnu ekuuh; tfLVl dksVZ us ;g :¯yx nh Fkh fd eftLVsªV dks nwljh lcls egÙoiw.kZ ckr vius lkeus j[kuh pkfg, fd fopkjkèkhu o+SQnh dks viuh iSjoh ds lEcUèk esa fdlh eqf'dy dk lkeuk u djuk iM+s vkSj ;fn dksbZ eqf'dy gks rks mls nwj djuk pkfg,] vU;Fkk iwjk eqo+Qnek ,d et+ko+Q cudj jg tkrk gSA ysfdu ,sls egÙoiw.kZ eqo+Qnes esa eftLVsªV dk O;ogkj blls mYVk jgk gS] tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 371

ftlesa 18 uo;qodksa ij xEHkhj vkjksiksa tSls gR;k] MdSrh vkSj \"kM~;U=k μ ds vèkhu eqo+Qnek pyk;k tk jgk gS] ftuls lEHko gS mUgsa e`R;qn.M fn;k tk;sA ftu çeq[k eqíksa ij ge vkidh vnkyr esa u vkus ds fy, foo'k gq, gSa] os bl rjg gSa μ fopkjkèkhu o+QSfn;ksa esa ls vfèkdka'k nwj&njkt çkUrksa ls gSa vkSj lHkh eè; oxhZ; yksx gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa muds lEcfUèk;ksa }kjk mudh iSjoh ds fy, ckj&ckj vkuk u fli+QZ cgqr eqf'dy gS] cfYd fcYdqy vlEHko gSA os vius dqN nksLrksa ls eqyko+Qkr djuk pkgrs Fks] ftUgsa os viuh iSjoh dh lHkh ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ lkSai ldrs FksA lkèkkj.k cqf¼ dk Hkh ;gh ro+Qkt+k gS fd mUgsa eqyko+Qkr djus dk go+Q gkfly gS] bl eo+Qln ds fy, ckj&ckj çkFkZuk dh x;h] ysfdu lHkh çkFkZuk,¡ vulquh jghaA Jh ch-ds- nÙk caxky ds jgus okys gSa vkSj Jh deyukFk frokjh fcgkj dsA nksuksa viuh&viuh fe=k dqekjh yTtkorh o Jherh ikoZrh ls HksaV djuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu vnkyr us mudh nj[+okLr tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa dks Hkst nh vkSj mUgksaus ;g dgdj nj[+okLr jí dj nh fd eqyko+Qkr fli+QZ lEcfUèk;ksa o odhyksa ls gh gks ldrh gSA ;g ekeyk ckj&ckj vkids è;ku esa yk;k x;k] ysfdu ,slk dksbZ o+Qne ugha mBk;k x;k] ftlls cUnh iSjoh ds fy, vko';d çcUèk dj ldrsA ckn esa mUgsa budk odkyrukek gkfly djus ij Hkh eqyko+Qkr djus dh vkKk ugha nh x;h vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd eftLVsªV us tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa dks ;g fy[kus ls Hkh bUdkj dj fn;k fd cUnh mldh vksj ls pyk;s tk jgs eqo+Qnes dh iSjoh ds lEcUèk esa bu eqyko+Qkrksa dh ek¡x dj jgs Fks vkSj bl çdkj cUnh Åij dh vnkyr esa tkus ;ksX; ugha jgsA ysfdu eqo+Qnes dh lquokbZ tkjh jghA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cUnh fcYdqy foo'k Fks vkSj muds fy, eqo+Qnek et+ko+Q ls vfèkd dqN ugha FkkA ;g ckr uksV djus ;ksX; gS fd nwljs cfUn;ksa esa Hkh vfèkdka'k dh vksj ls dksbZ odhy is'k ugha gks jgk FkkA esjk dksbZ odhy ugha gS vkSj u gh eSa iwjs le; ds fy, fdlh dks odhy j[k ldrk gw¡A eSa dqN uqDrksa lEcUèkh o+Qkuwuh ijke'kZ pkgrk gw¡ vkSj ,d fo'ks\"k iM+ko ij eSa pkgrk Fkk fd os (odhy) dkjZokbZ dks Lo;a ns[ksa] rkfd viuh jk; cukus ds fy, os csgrj fLFkfr esa gkas] ysfdu mUgsa vnkyr esa cSBus rd dh txg ugha nh x;hA gekjh iSjoh jksdus ds fy,] gesa ijs'kku djus ds fy, D;k lEcfUèkr vfèkdkfj;ksa dh ;g lksph&le>h pky ugha Fkh\\ odhy vius lk;yksa (çk£Fk;ksa) ds fgrksa dks ns[kus ds fy, vnkyr esa vkrk gS] tks u rks Lo;a mifLFkr gksrs gSa vkSj u mudk dksbZ çfrfufèk ogk¡ gksrk gSA bl eqo+Qnes dh ,slh dkuS &lh fo'k\"s k ifjfLFkfr;k¡ g]aS ftlls eftLVªsV odhykas ds çfr ,ls k l[r+ jo;S k 372 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

viukus ij etcwj gq,\\ bl çdkj gj ml odhy dh fgEer rksM+h x;h tks cfUn;ksa dks enn ds fy, cqyk;s tk ldrs FksA Jh vejnkl dks iSjoh (fMi+Qsal) dh dqlhZ ij cSBus dh btkt+r nsus dh D;k rqd Fkh] tcfd os fdlh Hkh i{k dk çfrfufèkRo ugha dj jgs Fks vkSj u gh mUgksaus fdlh dks o+Qkuwuh ijke'kZ fn;kA vius e[q r+ kjkas ls eyq koQ+ krkas ds lEcUèk eas e>q s oQ+ kuuw h lykgdkj ls fopkj&foe'kZ djuk Fkk vkjS blh uDq rs dks yds j gkbdZ kVs Z tkus ds fy, muls dguk FkkA yfs du muds lkFk bl lEcUèk esa ckr djus dk eq>s dksbZ volj gh ugha feyk vkSj dqN u gks ldkA bl lcdk D;k eryc gS\\ ;g fn[kkdj fd eqo+Qnek o+Qkuwu ds vuqlkj pyk;k tk jgk gS] D;k yksxksa dh vk¡[kksa esa èkwy ugha >ksadh tk jgh\\ vius cpko dk bUrt+ke djus ds fy, cfUn;ksa dks o+QrbZ dksbZ volj ugha fn;k x;kA bl ckr ds f[k+yki+Q ge jks\"k çdV djrs gSaA ;fn lcdqN mfpr <ax ls ugha fd;k tkrk rks bl rek'ks dh dksbZ t+:jr ugha gSA U;k; ds uke ij ge vU;k; gksrk ugha ns[k ldrsA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ge lHkh us lkspk fd ;k rks gesa viuh ft+Unxh cpkus dk mfpr volj feyuk pkfg,] vkSj ;k gesa gekjh vuiq fLFkfr eas pys eoq Q+ nes eas gekjs f[ky+ kiQ+ nh ltk+ vkas dks Hkxq rus ds fy, r;S kj jguk pkfg,A rhljh cM+h f'kdk;r v[k+ckjksa ds ck¡Vus lEcUèkh gSA fopkjkèkhu o+QSfn;ksa dks dHkh Hkh n.M çkIr o+SQnh ugha ekuk tkuk pkfg, vkSj ;g jksd mu ij rHkh yxk;h tk ldrh tc mudh lqj{kk ds fy, csgn t+:jh gksA blls vfèkd bls mfpr ugha ekuk tk ldrkA tekur ij fjgk u gks ldus okys cUnh dks dHkh Hkh n.M ds rkSj ij d\"V ugha nsus pkfg,A lks çR;sd f'kf{kr fopkjkèkhu o+SQnh dks de ls de ,d v[k+ckj ysus dk vfèkdkj gSA vnkyr esa ^,Dt+hD;wfVo* dqN fl¼kUrksa ij gesa gj jkst+ ,d vaxzst+h v[k+ckj nsus ds fy, lger gqbZ FkhA ysfdu vèkwjh pht+sa u gksus ls Hkh cqjh gksrh gSaA vaxzst+h u tkuus okys cfUn;ksa ds fy, LFkkuh; v[k+ckj nsus ds vuqjksèk O;FkZ fl¼ gq,A vr% LFkkuh; v[k+ckj u nsus ds vkns'k ds fo#¼ jks\"k çdV djrs gq, ge nSfud fVªC;wu ykSVkrs jgs gSaA bu rhu vkèkkjksa ij geus 29 tuojh dks vnkyr esa vkus ls bUdkj djus dh ?kks\"k.kk dh FkhA T;ksa gh ;s eqf'dysa nwj dj nh tk;saxh] ge ck[+kq'kh vnkyr esa vk;saxsA Hkxr¯lg o vU; (^fgUnqLrku VkbEl* esa 13 i+Qjojh] 1930 dks çdkf'kr) tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 373

fgUnLq rkuh ,lkfs l,'ku] c£yu ds uke rkj Ñi;k Hkkjr esa lektoknh ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu ds >.Mk&cjnkjksa esa ls ,d dkejsM Ñ\".k oekZ ds nsgkUr ij gekjk gk£nd 'kksd vius lkfFk;ksa rd igq¡pk;saA mudk thou Hkkjrh; eqfDr ds yEcs la?k\"kZ ds vkn'kZ esa ,d jk\"Vªh; lEifÙk gS] tks vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ ds dk;ZdrkZvksa dks ges'kk çsj.kk nsrk jgsxkA 5 vçSy] 1930 fopkjkèkhu o+SQnh] ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl (^fVªC;wu*] ykgkSj 8 vçSy] 1930 esa çdkf'kr) 374 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dkdkjs h dls ds cfUn;kas ds uke rkj }kjk] Lis'ky eftLVsªV] ykgkSj 5 vçSy] 1930 Ñi;k fuEu rkj rqjUr dkdksjh&o+QSfn;ksa dks Hkst nsa] tks cjsyh tsy esa Hkw[k gM+rky ij gSa vkSj ftuds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd os xEHkhj gkyr esa gSaA vkids Hkxr¯lg] ch- ds- nÙk rkj xqIr] c['kh] flUgk] eqdUnhyky dkdksjh&o+SQnh] ls.Vªy tsy] cjsyhA vkidh ukTk+ dq gkyr ds ckjs eas tkudj cgrq n[q k gAS gekjk igyk rkj vki rd ugha igq¡pkA ge vkils gk£nd fuosnu djrs gSa fd ljdkj dh vksj ls cfUn;ksa ds oxhZdj.k ds vfUre uksfVl dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, vki viuk la?k\"kZ R;kx nsaA tgk¡ rd u;s fu;eksa ds ykxw gksus dk ç'u gS] gesa ,d lkFk bUrt+kj djuk pkfg,A Hkxr¯lg vkSj nÙk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 375

xokfg;kas dh vi{s kk jlxYq ys T;+ knk t:+ jh vkt vnkyr eas Hkxr¯lg us f'kdk;r dh gS fd tc cpko lfefr ds ,d lnL; nksigj esa Hkkstu ds fy, dqN oLrq,¡ yk jgs Fks rc [kkus ;ksX; oLrq,¡ vnkyr esa ugha ykus nh x;haA nksigj esa Hkkstu ds ckn dfFkr vijkèkh tfru lkU;ky us eftLVsªV ls f'kdk;r dh fd muds fy, caxky ls jlxqYys dk iklZy vk;k Fkk] ysfdu tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa us og bl rjg dqpy Mkyk fd os [kkus ;ksX; u jgsA ljnkj Hkxr¯lg (eftLVsªV ls) % jlxqYys ckgj iM+s gSaA D;k vki mudk eqvk;uk djus dk d\"V djsaxsA vkgk! ,d [+kwclwjr n`'; gS! cl t+jk voyksdu dj ysa! bu xokfg;ksa dh vis{kk jlxqYys gekjs fy, T+;knk t+:jh gSaA tfru lkU;ky % lHkh pht+sa cgqr csgwnk gky esa gSaA D;k vki bls rdZlaxr dgrs gSa\\ ljnkj Hkxr¯lg % ;g (eftLVsªV) fcYdqy rdZfoghu gSaA tfru lkU;ky % ;g ge fdls okil djsa] vkidks ;k tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa dks\\ eftLVsªV % tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa dksA ljnkj Hkxr¯lg % ysfdu bldh o+Qher dkSu nsxk\\ gekjs nksLr us dki+Qh jde [+kpZ dh gS bl ijA eftLVsªV % ;g ckr tsy&vfèkdkfj;ksa ds lkFk lEcUèk j[krh gSA (^fVªC;wu*] ykgkSj] 9 vçSy 1930 esa çdkf'kr) 376 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy dh LFkkiuk ij Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkFkh eqo+Qnes ds ifj.kke ls iwjh rjg ifjfpr Fks vkSj feyus okyh lt+kvksa dh vksj ls fcYdqy csijokgA os vius fopkj turk rd ys tkus vkSj yksxksa dks ,sfrgkfld ft+Eesnkjh ds fy, rS;kj djuk pkgrs Fks] blfy, ;g Hkh bPNk j[krs Fks fd eoq Q+ nes dh dkjoZ kbZ èkheh xfr ls vkxs c<]s+ rkfd turk rd muds fopkj igq¡p ldsaA ysfdu ljdkj [kh> jgh FkhA vkf[k+j 1 ebZ] 1930 dks ,d fo'ks\"k vè;kns'k }kjk ,d fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy LFkkfir fd;k x;kA ml vè;kns'k ds ckjs esa crk;s x;s ljdkjh cgkus dk mÙkj Hkxr¯lg us 2 ebZ] 1930 dks çLrqr fuEufyf[kr nLrkost+ esa fn;kA μ l- xouZj tujy] Hkkjr] f'keyk (iatkc) Jheku] gekjs eqo+Qnes dks tYn fucVkus ds fy, tkjh fd;s vk£Musal dh iwjh dkWih i<+dj lquk;h tk pqdh gSA blds fy, iatkc gkbZdksVZ ds vfèkdkj&{ks=k esa ,d fVªC;wuy dh fu;qfDr dh x;h gSA vxj bl lEcUèk esa viuk;s x;s O;ogkj dk mYys[k u fd;k gksrk vkSj bldh lkjh tokcnsgh gekjs flj ij u e<+h gksrh rks ge 'kk;n viuh tqcku cUn j[krs] ijUrq orZeku fLFkfr;ksa esa blds lEcUèk esa ge viuk c;ku nsuk vko';d le>rs gSaA ge vkjEHk ls gh tkurs gaS fd ljdkj tku&c>w dj gekjs ckjs eas xy+ riQ+ geh iSnk dj jgh gSA vkf[k+jdkj ;g ,d yM+kbZ gS vkSj ge Hkyh çdkj tkurs gSa fd vius nq'euksa dk eqo+Qkcyk djus ds fy, x+yri+Qgfe;ksa dk tky cukuk ljdkj dk lcls cMk+ gFkd.Mk gAS bl ?k`f.kr dk;Z dks jkds us dk gekjs ikl dkbs Z lkèku ugha] ysfdu dqN ,slh ckrsa gSa ftUgsa è;ku esa j[krs gq, ge dqN dgus ds fy, etcwj gSaA vkius ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl ds ckjs esa tkjh vè;kns'k esa gekjh Hkw[k gM+rky ds ckjs esa viuk Li\"Vhdj.k 'kkfey fd;k gSA vkius Lo;a Lohdkjk gS fd geesa ls nks us bl eqo+Qnes ds lEcUèk esa Lis'ky eftLVsªV if.Mr JhÑ\".k dh vnkyr tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 377

esa gksus okyh tk¡p&iM+rky gksus ls igys Hkw[k gM+rky 'kq: dj nh FkhA lkekU; le> okys lkèkkj.k O;fDr dh le> esa Hkh ;g ckr vk ldrh gS fd bl eqo+Qnes dk Hkw[k gM+rky ls dksbZ lEcUèk ugha gSA Hkw[k gM+rky vkjEHk djus ds dqN fo'ks\"k dkj.k Fks] bl fLFkfr esa ljdkj dks mu dkj.kksa ds ckjs esa Li\"Vhdj.k nsuk Fkk ftlds vkèkkj ij Hkw[k gM+rky dh x;h FkhA tc ljdkj us bl leL;k dks lqy>kus ds fy, dqN çcUèk djus dh LohÑfr nh vkSj tsy tk¡p desVh LFkkfir dh rc geus Hkw[k gM+rky lekIr dh FkhA ysfdu lcls igys gesa ;g crk;k x;k Fkk fd ;g leL;k uoEcj rd lqy>k nh tk;sxh ysfdu mlesa fnlEcj rd foyEc fd;k x;kA tuojh Hkh chr x;h ysfdu bl ckr dk dksbZ ladsr ugha fey jgk fd ljdkj okLro esa bl lEcUèk esa dqN djsxh Hkh ;k ughaA gesa yxk fd ekeyk lekIr dj fn;k x;k gAS bu fLFkfr;ksa esa geus iwjs ,d gÝ+rs dk uksfVl nsdj 4 i+Qjojh] 1930 ls iqu% Hkw[k gMrky vkjEHk dj nhA blds ckn gh ljdkj us bl leL;k dks vfUre :i ls gy djus ds fy, dqN o+Qne mBk;sA bl vk'k; dk ,d foKkiu fiQj ljdkj us lekpkji=kksa esa tkjh fd;kA rc geus Hkw[k gM+rky lekIr dj nhA ;gk¡ rd fd geus bl ckr dk bUrt+kj Hkh ugha fd;k fd ljdkj vius vfUre fu.kZ; ykxw djrh Hkh gS ;k ugha\\ ysfdu vkt gh geus ;g eglwl fd;k gS fd vaxzst+ ljdkj ,sls lkèkkj.k ekeyksa esa Hkh >Bw vkjS iQ+ jcs dk lgkjk yus s ls ckt+ ugha vk;hA og foKkiu [kk+ l fuf'pr vkjS fu.kZ; fudkyus okys vkèkkj ij fuèkkZfjr Fks] ysfdu geus ns[kk fd ml ij Hkh foijhr vey fd;k x;kA tks Hkh gks] bl fo\"k; ij cgl djus dk ;g mfpr volj ughAa vxj ;g ekeyk iuq % dHkh mBk rks ge bldk vo'; fu.k;Z djxas As ysfdu ge iqjt+ksj dguk pkgrs gSa fd Hkw[k gM+rky dk mís'; bLrxklk dh dk;Zokgh ds fo#¼ dksbZ o+Qne ugha Fkk] ,sls lkèkkj.k dkj.kksa ls geus bruh ;kruk,¡ ugha lgh FkhaA ;rhUæukFk nkl us brus lkekU; dkj.k ds fy, vius thou dk cfynku ugha fn;k] jktxq# vkSj lq[knso us Hkh bl cpko ds fy, gh vius thou ladV esa ugha Mkys FksA vki Lo;a gekjs eoq Q+ nes ds lUnHkZ eas ;g vPNh rjg tkurs Fks fd vè;kn's k tkjh djus dh otg Hkw[k gM+rky ugha FkhA ysfdu vly dkj.k rks dqN vkSj gSa ftuds ckjs esa lkspdj vkidh ljdkj ds gks'k&gokl xqe gks x;sA u rks os bl eqo+Qnes esa foyEc ds dkj.k gq, vkSj u gh dksbZ ,slh ladVe; fLFkfr iSnk gbq ]Z ftlds dkj.k bl cos Q+ kuuw ds oQ+ kuuw ds Åij gLrk{kj fd;As t:+ j gh blds ihNs dqN vkSj gSA ysfdu ge ;g crk nsuk pkgrs gSa fd mu vè;kns'kksa ls gekjh Hkkoukvksa dks 378 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dqpyk ugha tk ldrkA Hkys gh vki dqN bUlkuksa dks dqpy nsus esa liQyrk gkfly dj ysa] ysfdu ;kn jgs] vki bl jk\"Vª dks ugha dqpy ldrsA tgk¡ rd bl vè;kn's k dk lUnHkZ g]S ge bls viuh 'kkunkj liQyrk ekurs gAaS ge vkjEHk ls gh ;g crkus dk ç;kl djrs jgs gaS fd vkidk ;g oQ+ kuuw ,d [k+ cw ljw r iQ+ jcs gSA ;g U;k; ugha ns ldrkA ysfdu vi+Qlksl gS fd tsy esa tks lqfoèkk,¡ o+Qkuwuu vkjS balki+Q djds vijkfèk;ksa dks feyrh gaS vkjS lkèkkj.k cfUn;ksa dks Hkh nh tkrh gSa] os lqfoèkk,¡ Hkh ge jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks ugha nh tkrhaA ge pkgrs Fks fd ljdkj insZ ls ckgj vk;s vkSj Li\"V dgs fd jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks cpko dk dksbZ volj ugha fn;k tk ldrkA gesa yxrk gS fd ljdkj us ;gh ckr Li\"V :i ls Lohdkjh gSA ge vkidks vkSj vkidh ljdkj dks bl lki+QxksbZ ds fy, èkU;okn nsrs gSa vkSj vè;kn's k dk Lokxr djrs gAaS vkids çfrfufèk Lis'ky eftLVsªV vkSj bLrxklk ds ljdkjh odhy }kjk yxkrkj gekjs mfpr O;ogkj dks lki+Q&lki+Q Lohdkjus ds ckotwn fli+QZ gekjs eqo+Qnes ds otwn ds ckjs esa lksprs gh vkids efLr\"d esa Hk;adj [kycyh eph gqbZ gSA gekjs bl la?k\"kZ dh 'kkunkj liQyrk dk blls c<+dj Hkjkslk vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS\\ vkids vkfn&vkfn Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 379

vnkyr ,d <dkslyk gS Ng lkfFk;ksa dk ,yku dfe'uj] fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy] ykgkSj lkft+'k dsl] ykgkSj tukc] vius Ng lkfFk;ksa dh vksj ls] ftuesa fd eSa Hkh 'kkfey gw¡] fuEufyf[kr Li\"Vhdj.k bl lquokbZ ds 'kq: esa gh nsuk vko';d gSA ge pkgrs gSa fd ;g nt+Z fd;k tk;sA ge eqo+Qnes dh dk;Zokgh esa fdlh Hkh çdkj Hkkx ugha ysuk pkgrs] D;ksafd ge bl ljdkj dks u rks U;k; ij vkèkkfjr le>rs gSa vkSj u gh o+Qkuwuh rkSj ij LFkkfirA ge vius fo'okl ls ;g ?kks\"k.kk djrs gSa fd ¶leLr 'kfDr dk vkèkkj euq\"; gSA dksbZ O;fDr ;k ljdkj fdlh Hkh ,slh 'kfDr dh go+Qnkj ugha gS tks turk us mldks u nh gksA¸ D;ksafd ;g ljdkj bu fl¼kUrksa ds foijhr gS blfy, bldk vfLrRo gh mfpr ugha gSA ,slh ljdkjsa tks jk\"Vªksa dks ywVus ds fy, ,dtqV gks tkrh gSa muesa ryokj dh 'kfDr ds vykok dksbZ vkèkkj o+Qk;e jgus ds fy, ugha gksrkA blhfy, os og'kh rko+Qr ds lkFk eqfDr vkSj vkt+knh ds fopkj vkSj yksxksa dh mfpr bPNkvksa dks dqpyrh gSaA gekjk fo'okl gS fd ,ls h ljdkj]as fo'k\"s kdj vxa tsz h+ ljdkj tks vlgk; vkjS vlger Hkkjrh; jk\"Vª ij Fkksih x;h gS] xq.Mksa] Mkdqvksa dk fxjksg vkSj yqVsjksa dk Vkys k gS ftlus oQ+ Ryvs ke djus vkjS ykxs kas dks foLFkkfir djus ds fy, lc çdkj dh 'kfDr;k¡ tqVk;h gqbZ gSaA 'kkfUr&O;oLFkk ds uke ij ;g vius fojksfèk;ksa ;k jgL; [kksyus okys dks dqpy nsrh gSA gekjk ;g Hkh fo'okl gS fd lkezkT;okn ,d cM+h Mkdstuh dh lkft+'k ds vykok dqN ughaA lkezkT;okn euq\"; ds gkFkksa euq\"; ds vkSj jk\"Vª ds gkFkksa 380 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

jk\"Vª ds 'kk\"s k.k dk pje gAS lkekz T;oknh vius fgrk]as vkjS yVw us dh ;kts ukvkas dks iwjk djus ds fy, u fli+QZ U;k;ky;ksa ,oa o+Qkuwu dks o+QRy djrs gSa] cfYd Hk;da j gR;kdk.M Hkh vk;kfs tr djrs gAaS vius 'kk\"s k.k dks ijw k djus ds fy, txa tlS s [k+kiS +Qukd vijkèk Hkh djrs gaAS tgk¡ dgha yksx mudh ukfnj'kkgh 'kks\"k.kdkjh ek¡xksa dks Lohdkj u djsa ;k pqipki mudh èoLr dj nsus okyh vkSj ?k`.kk ;ksX; lkft+'kksa dks ekuus ls bUdkj dj nsa rks og fujijkfèk;ksa dk [+kwu cgkus ls ladksp ugha djrsA 'kkfUr&O;oLFkk dh vkM+ esa os 'kkfUr&O;oLFkk Hkax djrs gSaA HkxnM+ epkrs gq, yksxksa dh gR;k] vFkkZr gj lEHko neu djrs gSaA ge ekurs gSa fd LorU=krk çR;sd euq\"; dk vfeV vfèkdkj gSA gj euq\"; dks vius Je dk iQy ikus tSlk lHkh çdkj dk vfèkdkj gS vkSj çR;sd jk\"Vª vius ewyHkwr çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa dk iw.kZ Lokeh gSA vxj dksbZ ljdkj turk dks mlds bu ewyHkwr vfèkdkjksa ls oafpr j[krh gS rks turk dk dsoy ;g vfèkdkj gh ugha cfYd vko';d dÙkZO; Hkh cu tkrk gS fd ,slh ljdkj dks lekIr dj nsA D;ksafd fczfV'k ljdkj bu fl¼kUrksa] ftuds fy, ge yM+ jgs gSa] ds fcYdqy foijhr gS] blfy, gekjk n`<+ fo'okl gS fd ftl Hkh <ax ls ns'k esa ØkfUr yk;h tk lds vkSj bl ljdkj dk iwjh rjg [k+kRek fd;k tk lds] blds fy, gj ç;kl vkSj viuk;s x;s lHkh <ax uSfrd Lrj ij mfpr gSaA ge orZeku <k¡ps ds lkekftd] vk£Fkd vkSj jktuhfrd {ks=kksa esa ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu ykus ds i{k esa gSaA ge orZeku lekt dks iwjs rkSj ij ,d u;s lqxfBr lekt esa cnyuk pkgrs gSaA bl rjg euq\"; ds gkFkksa euq\"; dk 'kks\"k.k vlEHko cukdj lHkh ds fy, lc {ks=kksa esa iwjh LorU=krk fo'oluh; cuk;h tk;sA tc rd lkjk lkekftd <k¡pk cnyk ugha tkrk vkSj mlds LFkku ij lektoknh lekt LFkkfir ugha gksrk] ge eglwl djrs gSa fd lkjh nqfu;k ,d rckg dj nsus okys çy;&ladV esa gSA tgk¡ rd 'kkfUriw.kZ ;k vU; rjho+Qksa ls ØkfUrdkjh vkn'kks± dh LFkkiuk dk lEcUèk gS] ge ?kks\"k.kk djrs gSa fd bldk pquko rRdkyhu 'kkldksa dh et+hZ ij fuHkZj gSA ØkfUrdkjh vius ekuoh; I;kj ds xq.kksa ds dkj.k ekuork ds iqtkjh gAaS ge 'kk'or vkjS okLrfod 'kkfUr pkgrs g]aS ftldk vkèkkj U;k; vkjS lekurk gSA ge >wBh vkSj fn[kkoVh 'kkfUr ds leFkZd ugha tks cqt+fnyh ls iSnk gksrh gS vkSj Hkkyksa vkSj cUnwo+Qksa ds lgkjs thfor jgrh gSA ØkfUrdkjh vxj ce vkSj fiLrkSy dk lgkjk ysrk gS rks ;g mldh pje vko';drk esa ls iSnk gksrk gS vkSj vkf[k+jh nk¡o ds rkSj ij gksrk gSA gekjk fo'okl gS fd veu vkSj o+Qkuwu euq\"; ds fy, gS] u fd euq\"; veu vkSj o+Qkuwu ds fy,A tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 381

ç+Qkal ds mPp U;k;kèkh'k dk ;g dguk mfpr gS fd o+Qkuwu dh vkUrfjd Hkkouk LorU=krk lekIr djuk ;k çfrcUèk yxkuk ugh]a oju LorU=krk dks ljq f{kr j[kuk vkSj mls vkxs c<+kuk gSA ljdkj dks o+Qkuwuh 'kfDr cuk;s x;s mu mfpr o+Qkuwuksa ls feysxh tks dsoy lkewfgd fgrksa ds fy, cuk;s x;s gSa] vkSj tks turk dh bPNkvkas ij vkèkkfjr gk]as ftuds fy, ;g cuk;s x;s gAaS blls foèkk;dkas lers dksbZ Hkh ckgj ugha gks ldrkA o+Qkuwu dh ifo=krk rHkh rd j[kh tk ldrh gS tc rd og turk ds fny ;kuh Hkkoukvksa dks çdV djrk gSA tc ;g 'kks\"k.kdkjh lewg ds gkFkksa esa ,d iqt+kZ cu tkrk gS rc viuh ifo=krk vkSj egÙo [kks cSBrk gSA U;k; çnku djus ds fy, ewy ckr ;g gS fd gj rjg ds ykHk ;k fgr dk [k+kRek gksuk pkfg,A T;ksa gh o+Qkuwu lkekftd vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk cUn dj nsrk gS R;ksa gh Tk+ Yq e vkjS vU;k; dks c<k+ us dk gfFk;kj cu tkrk gAS ,ls s oQ+ kuuw kas dks tkjh j[kuk lkewfgd fgrksa ij fo'ks\"k fgrksa dh nEHkiw.kZ t+cjnLrh ds flok; dqN ugha gSA orZeku ljdkj ds o+Qkuwu fons'kh 'kklu ds fgrksa ds fy, pyrs gSa vkSj ge yksxksa ds fgrksa ds foijhr gSaA blfy, budh gekjs Åij fdlh Hkh çdkj dh lnkpkfjrk ykxw ugha gksrhA vr% gj Hkkjrh; dh ;g ft+Eesnkjh curh gS fd bu o+Qkuwuksa dks pqukSrh ns vkSj budk mYya?ku djsA vaxzst+ U;k;ky;] tks 'kks\"k.k ds iqtsZ gSa] U;k; ugha ns ldrsA fo'ks\"kdj jktuhfrd {ks=kksa esa] tgk¡ ljdkj vkSj yksxksa ds fgrksa dk Vdjko gSA ge tkurs gSa fd ;s U;k;ky; flok; U;k; ds <dkslys ds vkSj dqN ugha gAaS bUgha dkj.kksa ls ge blesa Hkkxhnkjh djus ls bUdkj djrs gSa vkSj bl eqo+Qnes dh dk;Zokgh esa Hkkx ugha ysaxsA 5&5&30 tt us uksV fd;k μ ;g fjdkWMZ esa rks j[kk tk;s ysfdu bldh dkWih u nh tk;s] D;ksafd blesa dqN vupkgh ckrsa fy[kh gSaA 382 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy ds iquxZBu ij 1 ebZ] 1930 dks vè;kns'k }kjk LFkkfir fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy ds lnL; Fks μ tfLVl ts- dksYMLVªhe (vè;{k)] tfLVl vkx+k gSnj o tfLVl th-lh- fgYVuA 5 ebZ dks dkjZokbZ 'kq: gqbZA iqat gkml dks vnkyr cuk;k x;kA ØkfUrdkjh ;qod vnkyr esa ØkfUrdkjh xhr xkrs vkSj ØkfUrdkjh ukjs yxkrs vkrsA Hkxr¯lg us ek¡x dh fd mUgsa 15 fnu dk le; fn;k tk;s] rkfd os fVªC;wuy ds x+Sj&o+Qkuwuh gksus lEcUèkh rdZ is'k dj ldsaA ysfdu ;g ek¡x ekuh ugha x;hA 24 ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds uke eqo+Qnes ds fy, fy;s x;s] ftuesa ls 16 ij eqo+Qnek pyk;k x;kA ckn esa cVqds'oj nÙk ds f[k+yki+Q dsl okfil ys fy;k x;kA ftu ij eqo+Qnek 'kq: fd;k x;k os Fks μ l[q knos ] Hkxr¯lg] fd'kkjs h yky] nls jkt] çes nÙk] t;nos dijw ] f'ko oek]Z egkohj ¯lg] ;rhUæukFk nkl] vt;dqekj ?kks\"k] ;rhUæ lkU;ky] fot;dqekj flUgk] f'kojke jktxq#] dqUnuyky o deyukFk frokjhA Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us odhy djus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA 12 ebZ] 1930 dks Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa dks gFkdfM+;ksa esa vnkyr esa yk;k x;kA gFkdfM+;k¡ u [kksyus ds fojksèk esa mUgksaus cl ls mrjus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA fVªC;wuy ds vè;{k us mUgsa t+cjnLrh mrkjus dk vkns'k fn;kA Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us vnkyr dk ck;dkV dj fn;kA ;|fi mu yksxksa dh gFkdfM+;k¡ nksigj ds [kkus ds fy, [kksyh x;ha] ysfdu [kkus ds ckn fiQj yxkus dk vkns'k ns fn;k x;k] ftldk Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us fojksèk fd;kA vè;{k us Hkkjrh;ksa dks xkyh nsrs gq, Hkxr¯lg dks ykfB;ksa ls ihVus dk vkns'k fn;kA vnkyr esa ØkfUrdkfj;ksa] [k+kldj Hkxr¯lg dks laoknnkrkvksa vkSj turk ds lkeus ykfB;ksa vkSj twrksa ls ekjk x;kA Hkxr¯lg us Hkkjrh;ksa dks xkyh nsus ij vkifÙk djrs gq, tfLVl vkx+k gSnj ds Hkkjrh; gksus ij loky fd;k vkSj iwNk fd ,slh ekufld fLFkfr okys tt U;k; dSls djsaxs\\ tfLVl vkx+k gSnj us ml fnu dh dkjZokbZ ij gLrk{kj djus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA bl ?kVuk dh nqfu;kHkj esa ppkZ gqbAZ lkjs Hkkjr esa Hkxr¯lg&fnol euk;k x;k] ftlds iQyLo:i tfLVl dksYMLVªhe dks yEch NqV~Vh ij tkuk iM+k vkSj 21 twu dks fVªC;wuy u;s fljs ls xfBr fd;k x;kA vc tfLVl th-lh- fgYVu dks vè;{k o tfLVl t-s d-s ViS vkjS tfLVl vCnqy dkfnj dks lnL; cuk;k x;kA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 383

bl ij Hkxr¯lg vkjS cVdq 's oj nÙk us fuEufyf[kr i=k eas vius fopkj çdV fd;sA μ l- dfe'uj] fo'ks\"k fVªC;wuy ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl] ykgkSj Jheku th] tcfd fVªC;wuy ds nks U;k;kèkh'kksa dks gVk fn;k x;k gS ;k os gV x;s gSa vkSj nks u;s U;k;kèkh'k muds LFkku ij fu;qDr dj fn;s x;s gaS] blfy, ge viuk Li\"Vhdj.k nt+Z djkuk vko';d le>rs gSa] rkfd ge viuk i{k Li\"V dj ldsa vkSj fdlh Hkh çdkj dh 'kadk,¡ iSnk gksus ls cpk tk ldsA 12 ebZ] 1930 dks U;k;kèkh'k dksYMLVªhe us tksfd vè;{k Hkh gSa] ,d vnkyrh vkns'k ikl fd;k ftlds vUrxZr gesa vnkyr esa gFkdfM+;k¡ igukus dk vkns'k fn;k x;kA bl vkns'k dk ikyu djkus ds fy, iqfyl dks cy&ç;ksx djus ds fy, Hkh dgk x;kA bl vpkud vkSj vlkèkkj.k vkns'k dk dkj.k tkuus ds fy, geus bl vnkyr ls fuosnu fd;k Fkk] ftls lquus dh vko';drk eglwl ugha dh x;hA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa iqfyl gesa t+cju gFkdfM+;k¡ yxkdj okfil tsy ys vk;hA vxys fnu rhu esa ls ,d U;k;kèkh'k vkx+k gSnj us vè;{k ds bl vkns'k ls vius dks vyx dj fy;kA ml fnu ls ge U;k;ky; esa ugha tk jgAs ftu 'krks± ij ge U;k;ky; esa vkus dks rS;kj gSa] os vxys fnu U;k;ky; ds le{k j[kh x;h FkhaA 'krs± Fkha fd ;k rks vè;{k {kek ek¡xas ;k fiQj mUgsa cny fn;k tk;sA ysfdu bldk vFkZ ;g ugha Fkk fd mudh txg ij ,sls ,d U;k;kèkh'k dks cSBk fn;k tk;s tks ml vkns'k esa Hkkxhnkj FkkA ik¡p gÝ+rs rd rks vijkfèk;ksa dh f'kdk;r dks fopkj&;ksX; gh ugha le>k x;kA orZeku fVªC;wuy ds fuekZ.k esa nksuksa vè;{k vkSj nwljs U;k;kèkh'k μ tks muds lkFk lger ugha gq, Fks μ dks cnydj nks u;s U;k;kèkh'k yxk;s x;s gSaA bl rjg ,d U;k;kèkh'k dks tks ml vkns'k esa Hkkxhnkj Fkk] D;ksafd vkns'k cgqer ds vkèkkj ij fn;k x;k Fkk] fVªC;wuy dk vè;{k cuk;k x;k gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ge iqjt+ksj ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd U;k;kèkh'k dksYMLVªhe ls O;fDrxr Lrj ij gekjk dksbZ f'kdok ugha Fkk vkSj u gh f'kdk;r FkhA 384 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gekjs fojksèk dk dkj.k rks U;k;kèkh'k dksYMLVªhe dh vksj ls ikl fd;k cgqer dk vkns'k vkSj mlds ckn gekjs lkFk gqvk nqO;Zogkj FkkA U;k;kèkh'k dksYMLVªhe vkSj U;k;kèkh'k gSfeYVu dk ge lEeku djrs gSa] tSlkfd ,d euq\"; }kjk nwljs euq\"; dk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A gekjk jks\"k ,d fo'ks\"k vkns'k ds fojksèk esa Fkk ftlds dkj.k fVªC;wuy] tksfd ml vkns'k ds fy, ft+Eesnkj gS] ds vè;{k ls {kek ek¡xus dh ek¡x dh x;h FkhA vè;{k dks gVk nsus ls dksbZ vUrj ugha iM+rk] D;ksafd vc tt gSfeYVu] tks ml vkns'k esa 'kjhd Fks] U;k;kèkh'k dksYMLVªhe ds LFkku ij vè;{krk dj jgs gSaA ge rks dsoy ;g dg ldrs gSa fd cnyh gqbZ fLFkfr;ksa us vc t+[+e ij ued fNM+dus dk gh dke fd;k gSA 25 twu] 1930 vkid]s Hkxr¯lg ch-ds- nÙk tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 385

jktuhfrd ekeyksa dh iSjoh ij 23 fnlEcj] 1930 dks iatkc ds xouZj lj T+;kç+QsMh ij ØkfUrdkjh ;qod gfjÑ\".k us xksyh pyk;h vkSj mls ?kk;y dj fn;kA gfjÑ\".k idM+k x;k vkSj ml ij dls pykA yfs du odhy dh lykg ij gfjÑ\".k ftl rjg dls dh ijS oh dj jgk Fkk] Hkxr¯lg mlds rjhoQ+ s ls vlger FkAs blfy, mUgkuas s vius ,d lkFkh dks tsy ls nks i=k tksfd twu] 1931 esa ykgkjS ls çdkf'kr ^ihiqYl* uked vaxstz +h lkIrkfgd esa Nik Fkk] uhps fn;k tk jgk gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd gfjÑ\".k dks 9 twu] 1931 dks iQk¡lh nh x;hA μ l- eq>s ;g tkudj cgqr vi+Qlksl gS fd bl lEcUèk esa esjk igyk i=k le; ij vius fBdkus ugha igq¡p ldk vkSj blfy, mlls dksbZ i+Qk;nk u gks ldk] ;k ;g fd og ml mís'; dh iw£r esa vliQy jgk] ftlds fy, og fy[kk x;k FkkA blfy, eSa vkerkSj ij ;g i=k jktuhfrd eqo+Qneksa esa iSjoh ds loky ds ckjs esa vkSj [k+klrkSj ij ØkfUrdkjh eqo+Qnes ds ckjs esa vius fopkjksa dks çdV djus ds fy, fy[k jgk gw¡A igys i=k esa fopkjs x;s [k+kl&[k+kl uqDrksa ds vykok bldk ,d vkSj eo+Qln Hkh gksxk] vkSj og ;g fd eSa ?kVukvksa ls xqt+j tkus ds ckn le>nkj ugha cu jgk gw¡A [k+Sj] eSaus ml [k+r eas ;g fy[kk Fkk fd odhy iSjoh ds fy, tks nyhysa ns jgk Fkk] mUgsa ekuk u tk;s] ij ckotwn vkids vkSj esjs fojksèk ds mUgsa eku fy;k x;k gSA ckotwn blds ge vfèkd jks'kuh esa bl ckr ij fopkj dj ldrs gSa vkSj iSjoh ls lEcfUèkr vkxkeh uhfr ds ckjs esa Bksl fopkj cuk ldrs gSaA vki ;g tkurs gh gSa fd eSa dHkh Hkh gekjs jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dh cpko okyh iSjoh djus dk leFkZd ugha jgk] ijUrq bldk ;g eryc ugha fd mfpr la?k\"kZ dh [+kwclwjrh fcYdqy gh fcxkM+ nh tk;sA bl ij fo'ks\"k è;ku dh vko';drk gS fd [+kwclwjrh 'kCn ;gk¡ vokLrfod 'kDy esa ç;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj bldk ml mís'; ls lEcUèk gS] ftlus fd ,d [k+kl dkjZokbZ ds fy, gfjÑ\".k dks çsfjr fd;kA tc eSa ;g tkurk gw¡ fd lc jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa 386 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dks viuh ijS oh Lo;a djuh pkfg,] rks ;g dNq fo'k\"s k ekU;rkvkas ds lkFk dgrk gw¡A esjk eryc fli+QZ ,d gh ckr ls lki+Q gks ldrk gSA ,d euq\"; ,d gh fo'ks\"k eo+Qln dks lkeus j[kdj dke ugha djrkA mldh fxjÝ+rkjh ds ckn mlds dke dk jktuhfrd egÙo lekIr ugha gksuk pkfg, vkSj dke dh vis{kk ejus dh rS;kjh gh T+;knk t+:jh ugha cu tkuh pkfg,A ge bls mnkgj.k dh enn ls vkSj lki+Q djsaA gfjÑ\".k xouZj dks xksyh ekjus ds fy, vk;sA eSa bl dkjZokbZ dk uSfrd i{k ugha ysuk pkgrkA eSa fli+QZ bl dls ds jktuhfrd igyw ij fopkj djuk pkgrk gA¡w xkys h ekjus okyk O;fDr fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;k x;kA nqHkkXZ ; ls iqfyl&depZ kjh bl dkjoZ kbZ esa ej x;kA vc ijS oh dk loky lkeus vkrk gAS tc xoujZ cp x;k rks gfjÑ\".k ds dls eas cMk+ lqUnj c;ku vk ldrk Fkk_ vFkkZr vlyh rF;ksa dk c;ku] tSlkfd gekjs dsl esa uhps dh vnkyr esa fn;k x;k FkkA bl çdkj ;g o+Qkuwuh eo+Qln dks Hkh iwjk dj nsrk vkSj dk;Z ds mís'; dks Hkh Åij mBkrk] ij odhy dh dksf'k'k vkSj o+Qkfcfy;r lc&baLisDVj dh ekSr ds ckjs esa nyhysa nsus esa my>h jghA mls ;g dgdj D;k feyk fd gfjÑ\".k fli+QZ xouZj dks t+[+eh djuk pkgrk Fkk] ekjuk ugha pkgrk Fkk\\ blh rjg dh nwljh ckrsa FkhaA D;k dksbZ le>nkj ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh ,slh ckr dh mEehn dj ldrk gS\\ D;k bl nyhy dh dksbZ o+Qkuwuh o+Qher Fkh\\ fcYdqy dksbZ o+Qher ugha] rks fiQj xouZj ij xksyh pykus ds fo'ks\"k dk;Z dh gh ugha] cfYd lkjh ØkfUrdkjh ygj dh [+kwclwjrh [k+jkc djus ls D;k i+Qk;nk Fkk\\ çfrokn rFkk Hkkouk,¡ T+;knk nsj rd ugha py ldrhaA ØkfUrdkjh ny ds }kjk ljdkj dks cgqr le; igys psrkouh nh tk pqdhA blds fy, ØkfUrdkjh ny dks Hkkjr us csgn bT+t+r nh Fkh vkSj ØkfUr dh ygj lgh Lo:i esa vkjEHk gks x;h FkhA ok;ljk; dh xkM+h ij ce iQsadus dk dk;Z ,d psrkouh ugha Fkk_ Hkys gh og vliQy jgkA fpVxk¡o dh ?kVuk,¡ u psrkouh Fkha vkSj u dsoy fojksèk&çn'kZuA blh rjg gfjÑ\".k dk ,D'ku viusvki esa ØkfUrdkjh la?k\"kZ dk ,d fgLlk Fkk] psrkouh fcYdqy ughaA dkjZokbZ dh vliQyrk ds ckn vfHk;qDr bl pht+ dks f[kykM+h dh rjg ys ldrk gSA eo+Qln iwjk gksus ij lEHko gS HkkX;o'k xoujZ ds cp tkus ls gfjÑ\".k çlUu gqvk gksA O;fDrxr :i esa fdlh dks ekjus ls dksbZ ykHk Hkh ughaA bu dk;ks± dk jktuhfrd egÙo gksrk gS] ;s og okrkoj.k vkjS lkps us dk <xa cukus eas enn djrs gaS tkfs d vkf[kj+ h l?a k\"kZ ds fy, cgqr t+:jh gSA bruk gh i;kZIr gSA O;fDrxr dk;Z yksxksa dh lgkuqHkwfr thrus ds fy, gksrs gSaA ge dHkh&dHkh budks vius dk;ks± ds }kjk çksisxs.Mk dk uke ns nsrs gSaA tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 387

bl fopkj dh jk's kuh eas ØkfUrdkjh eoq Q+ nekas dh ijS oh gkus h pkfg,A ;g ,d vke le> okyk fu;e gS fd la?k\"kZ djus okyh lHkh ikfVZ;k¡ çkIr vfèkd djuk pkgrh gaS vkjS [kkus k deA dkbs Z Hkh tujy ,ls h ;¼q uhfr ugha viuk ldrk ftleas mls lksps gq, ykHk ls vfèkd cfynku nsuk iM+sA eq>ls vfèkd dksbZ Hkh gfjÑ\".k ds veYw ; thou dks cpkus ds fy, crs kc ugha gkxs k] ij eaS vkidks crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd tks pht+ mldh ft+Unxh dks vueksy cukrh gS mls vk¡[k ls vks>y ugha djuk pkfg,A fdlh Hkh o+Qher ij thou dks cpkuk gh gekjh uhfr ugha gSA ;g dkaxzsl dh uhfr gks ldrh gS] ;g vkjkedq£l;ksa okys jktuhfrKksa dh uhfr gks ldrh gS] ijUrq ;g gekjh uhfr ugha gSA cpko&uhfr (fMi+Qsal ikfylh) vfèkdrj vfHk;qDr ds vius lkspus ds <ax ij vkèkkfjr gksrh gS] ij ;fn vfHk;qDr u fli+QZ fuMj gks] cfYd ges'kk dh rjg tks'khyk Hkh jgs rks ftl dk;Z ds fy, mlus viuh ft+Unxh dk [k+rjk eksy fy;k mls c;ku esa igys fy;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj O;fDrxr elyksa dks ckn esaA blds ckn Hkh ,d rjg dh my>u Hkjh fLFkfr gks ldrh gS D;ksafd dqN ,sls dsl gks ldrs gSa ftuesa LFkkuh; egÙo ds gksus ij Hkh dkjZokbZ (,D'ku) dk vke egÙo u gksA ogk¡ viuh ft+Eesnkjh Lohdkj djus esa vfHk;qDr dks Hkkoqd ugha gksuk pkfg,A fueZydkUr jk; dk e'kgwj eqo+Qnek bldk lcls vPNk mnkgj.k gS] ijUrq bl rjg ds jktuhfrd egÙo ds dsl esa O;fDrxr igyw dks jktuhfrd igyw ls vfèkd egÙo ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg,A vxj vki esjk fu\"i{k er çLrqr dsl ds ckjs esa iwNuk pkgrs gSa rks eSa lki+Q&lki+Q crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd ;g ,sfrgkfld egÙo dh jktuhfrd gR;k fcYdqy ugha gSA ;gk¡ eSa ,d ckr vo'; crkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd bl dsl dk xyk ?kksaVus okys yksx μ ftUgsa viuh x+yrh dk vglkl gks x;k gS vkSj mlds ckn tks le>nkj cu x;s gSa] ysfdu vius dUèkksa ij mÙkjnkf;Ro ysus dk gkSlyk ugha dj ik jgs gSa μ gekjs ukStoku lkFkh ds peRdkjh pfj=k ds lkSUn;Z dks uhpk fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSaA eSaus mUgsa ;g dgrs lquk gS fd gfjÑ\".k cgknqjh ls lkeuk djus esa dk¡i x;k gS ;g ,d gn ntsZ dk 'keZukd >wB gSA eq>s ml tSlk gkSlys okyk uktS oku dHkh dkbs Z ugha feykA ykxs kas dks gekjs Åij egs jckuh djuh pkfg,A gkSlyk iLr djus vkSj uhpk fn[kkus ls rks vPNk gS fd os gekjh rji+Q è;ku gh u nsaA odhyksa dks mu ukStokuksa dh ft+Unfx;k¡] ;gk¡ rd fd ekSrksa dks [k+jkc djus esa brus vkReghu fo'ks\"kK (cst+ehjs ,DliVZ) ugha gksuk pkfg,] tks nq[kh turk dh eqfDr ds ifo=k dke esa viuk vkik U;ksNkoj djus ds fy, vkrs gSaA eq>s ;g tkudj lpeqp cgqr nq[k gksrk gS fd èkhjs&èkhjs ge jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZvksa 388 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh ,d u;h vi+Qlj'kkgh cuk jgs gSaA ;g ckr Bhd ugha gS rks Hkyk ,d odhy fdlh jktuhfrd eqo+Qnes esa ;o+Qhu u vkus okyh i+Qhl D;ksa ek¡xs] tSlkfd bl dsl esa i+Qhl nh x;h gSA jktækgs ds dls kas eas eaS og gn crk ldrk g¡w ftl rd ge ijS oh dh btktr+ ns ldrs gSaA xr o\"kZ tc ,d lkFkh ij lektoknh Hkk\"k.k nsus dk eqo+Qnek pyk vkSj mls x+yr <ax ij yM+k x;k rks gesa dsoy gSjkuxh gh gqbZ FkhA ,sls dslksa esa gesa vius }kjk çpkfjr fopkjksa vkSj vkn'kks± dks Lohdkj dj ysuk pkfg, vkSj LorU=k Hkk\"k.k dk vfèkdkj ek¡xuk pkfg,] ijUrq dgk¡ ;g ckr vkSj dgk¡ ;g dguk fd geus dqN dgk gh ugha! ge bl rjg vius gh vkUnksyu ds fgrksa ds fo#¼ tkrs gSaA dkaxzsl dks ekStwnk vkUnksyu esa fcuk eqo+Qneksa dh iSjoh fd;s tsy tkus ls uqo+Qlku igq¡pk gSA esjs fopkj esa ;g ,d x+yrh FkhA [k+Sj] esjk [k+;ky gS fd vki esjk ;g i=k fiNys i=k ds lkFk i<sa+xs vkSj jktuhfrd eqo+Qneksa dh iSjoh ds ckjs esa esjs fopkjksa ls vPNh rjg ifjfpr gks tk;saxsA gfjÑ\".k ds dsl esa esjs [k+;ky esa tYnh ls tYnh gkbZdksVZ esa vihy dj nsuh pkfg, vkSj mldks cpkus dh iwjh dksf'k'k gksuh pkfg,A eq>s vk'kk gS fd esjs ;s nksuksa i=k çR;sd ckr vkidks crk nsaxs] tks eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrk gw¡A vkidk Hkxr¯lg tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 389

xkè¡ khth ds uke l[q knos dh [kyq h fpVB~ h xk¡èkhth ds uke lq[knso dh ;g ^[kqyh fpV~Bh* ekpZ] 1931 esa fy[kh x;h Fkh tks xk¡èkhth ds mÙkj lfgr fgUnh ^uothou* 30 vçSy] 1931 ds vad esa çdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA μ l- ije Ñikyq egkRek th] vktdy dh rkt+k [k+cjksa ls ekywe gksrk gS fd le>kSrs dh ckrphr dh liQyrk ds ckn vkius ØkfUrdkjh dk;ZdrkZvksa dks fi+Qygky viuk vkUnksyu cUn dj nsus vkSj vkidks vius v¯glkokn dks vkt+ek ns[kus dk vkf[k+jh ekSo+Qk nsus ds fy, dbZ çdV çkFkZuk,¡ dh gSaA oLrqr% fdlh vkUnksyu dks cUn djuk dsoy vkn'kZ ;k Hkkouk ls gksus okyk dke ugha gSA fHkUu&fHkUu voljksa dh vko';drkvksa dk fopkj gh vxqvkvksa dks mudh ;q¼uhfr cnyus ds fy, foo'k djrk gSA ekuk fd lqyg dh ckrphr ds njE;ku] vkius bl vksj ,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh u rks nqyZ{; fd;k] u bls fNik gh j[kk fd ;g le>kSrk vfUre le>kSrk u gksxkA eSa ekurk gw¡ fd lc cqf¼eku yksx fcYdqy vklkuh ds lkFk ;g le> x;s gksaxs fd vkids }kjk çkIr reke lqèkkjksa dk vey gksus yxus ij Hkh dksbZ ;g u ekusxk fd ge eaft+ys&edlwn ij igq¡p x;s gSaA lEiw.kZ LorU=krk tc rd u feys] rc rd fcuk fojke ds yM+rs jgus ds fy, egklHkk ykgkSj ds çLrko ls c¡èkh gqbZ gSA ml çLrko dks ns[krs gq, ekStwnk lqyg vkSj le>kSrk fli+QZ dkepykÅ ;q¼&fojke gS] ftldk vFkZ ;gh gksrk gS fd vkus okyh yM+kbZ ds fy, vfèkd cM+s iSekus ij vfèkd vPNh lsuk rS;kj djus ds fy, ;g FkksM+k foJke gSA bl fopkj ds lkFk gh le>kSrs vkSj ;q¼&fojke dh 'kD;rk dh dYiuk dh tk ldrh gS vkSj mldk vkSfpR; fl¼ gks ldrk gSA fdlh Hkh çdkj dk ;q¼&fojke djus dk mfpr volj vkSj mldh 'krs± Bgjkus dk dke rks ml vkUnksyu ds vxqvkvksa dk gSA ykgkSj okys çLrko ds 390 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

jgrs gq, Hkh vkius fi+Qygky lfØ; vkUnksyu cUn j[kuk mfpr le>k gS] rks Hkh og çLrko rks o+Qk;e gh gSA blh rjg ^fgUnqLrkuh lksf'k;fyLV fjifCydu ikVhZ* ds uke ls gh lki+Q irk pyrk gS fd ØkfUrokfn;ksa dk vkn'kZ lekt&lÙkkoknh çtkrU=k dh LFkkiuk djuk gAS ;g çtkrU=k eè; dk foJke ugha gSA mudk è;s; çkIr u gks vkSj vkn'kZ fl¼ u gks] rc rd os yM+kbZ tkjh j[kus ds fy, c¡èks gq, gSaA ijUrq cnyrh gqbZ ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj okrkoj.k ds vuqlkj os viuh ;q¼uhfr cnyus dks rS;kj vo'; gksaxsA ØkfUrdkjh ;q¼ tqnk&tqnk ekSo+Qksa ij tqnk&tqnk :i èkkj.k djrk gSA dHkh og çdV gksrk gS] dHkh xqIr] dHkh dsoy vkUnksyu&:i gksrk gS] vkSj dHkh thou&ej.k dk Hk;kud laxzke cu tkrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa ØkfUrokfn;ksa ds lkeus viuk vkUnksyu cUn djus ds fy, fo'k\"s k dkj.k gkus s pkfg,A ijUrq vkius ,ls k dkbs Z fuf'pr fopkj çdV ugha fd;kA fujh Hkkoi.w kZ vihykas dk ØkfUroknh ;¼q eas dkbs Z fo'k\"s k egÙo ugha gkrs k] gks ugha ldrkA vkids le>kSrs ds ckn vkius viuk vkUnksyu cUn fd;k gS] vkSj iQyLo:i vkids lc o+SQnh fjgk gq, gSaA ij ØkfUrdkjh o+QSfn;ksa dk D;k\\ 1915 bZ- ls tsyksa esa iM+s gq, x+nj&i{k ds chlksa o+SQnh lt+k dh fe;kn iwjh gks tkus ij Hkh vc rd tsyksa esa lM+ jgs gSaA ek'kZy ykW ds chlksa o+SQnh vkt Hkh ft+Unk o+Qczksa esa ni+Quk;s iM+s gSaA ;gh gky cCcj vdkyh o+QSfn;ksa dk gSA nsox<+] dkdksjh] eNvq k&cktk+ j vkjS ykgkjS \"kM~;U=k ds oQS+ nh vc rd tys dh pgkjnhokjh eas cUn iM+s gq, cgqrsjs o+QSfn;ksa esa ls dqN gSaA ykgkSj] fnYyh] pVxk¡o] cEcbZ] dydÙkk vkSj vU; txgksa esa dksbZ vkèkh ntZu ls T+;knk \"kM~;U=k ds ekeys py jgs gSaA cglq [a ;d ØkfUroknh Hkkxrs fiQjrs g]aS vkjS mueas dbZ rks fL=k;k¡ gAaS lpepq vkèkh ntZu ls vfèkd o+SQnh iQk¡lh ij yVdus dh jkg ns[k jgs gSaA bu lcdk D;k\\ ykgkjS \"kM~;U=k dls ds ltk+ ;kÝr+ k rhu oQS+ nh] tks lkHS kkX; ls e'kgjw gks x;s gaS vkjS ftUgksaus turk dh cgqr vfèkd lgkuqHkwfr çkIr dh gS] os dqN ØkfUroknh ny dk ,d cM+k fgLlk ugha gSaA mudk Hkfo\"; gh ml ny ds lkeus ,dek=k ç'u ugha gAS lp iNw k tk;s rks mudh ltk+ ?kVkus dh vi{s kk muds iQkl¡ h ij p<+ tkus ls gh vfèkd ykHk gksus dh vk'kk gSA ;g lc gksrs gq, Hkh vki mUgsa viuk vkUnksyu cUn djus dh lykg nsrs gAaS os ,ls k D;kas dj\\as vkius dkbs Z fuf'pr oLrq dh vkjs fun'Zs k ugha fd;k gAS ,ls h n'kk esa vkidh çkFkZukvksa dk ;gh eryc gksrk gS fd vki bl vkUnksyu dks dqpy nsus esa ukSdj'kkgh dh enn dj jgs gSa] vkSj vkidh fourh dk vFkZ muds ny dks æksg] iyk;u vkSj fo'okl?kkr dk mins'k djuk gSA ;fn ,slh ckr ugha g]S rks vkids fy, mÙke rks ;g Fkk fd vki dqN vxxz .; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds ikl tsy dh lyk[k+ksa ds ihNs ls @ 391

tkdj muls lkjs ekeys ds ckjs esa ckrphr dj ysrsA viuk vkUnksyu cUn djus ds ckjs esa igys vkidks mudh cqf¼ dh çrhfr djk ysus dk ç;Ru djuk pkfg, FkkA eSa ugha ekurk fd vki Hkh bl çpfyr iqjkuh dYiuk esa fo'okl j[krs gSa fd ØkfUrdkjh cfq ¼ghu g]aS fouk'k vkjS lga kj eas vkuUn ekuus okys gAaS eaS vkidks dgrk gw¡ fd oLrqfLFkfr Bhd bldh myVh gS] os lnSo dksbZ Hkh dke djus ls igys mldk [+kwc lw{e fopkj dj ysrs gSa] vkSj bl çdkj os tks ft+Eesnkjh vius ekFks ysrs gSa] mldk mUgsa iwjk&iwjk [k+;ky gksrk gSA vkSj] ØkfUr ds dk;Z esa nwljs fdlh Hkh vax dh vis{kk os jpukRed vax dks vR;Ur egÙo dk ekurs gSa] gkyk¡fd ekStwnk gkyr esa vius dk;ZØe ds lagkjd vax ij MVs jgus ds flok vkSj dksbZ pkjk muds fy, ugha gSA muds çfr ljdkj dh ekStwnk uhfr ;g gS fd yksxksa dh vksj ls mUgsa vius vkUnksyu ds fy, tks lgkuqHkwfr vkSj lgk;rk feyh gS] mlls oafpr djds mUgsa dpq y Mkyk tk;As vdys s iM+ tkus ij mudk f'kdkj vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slh n'kk esa muds ny esa cqf¼&Hksn vkSj f'kfFkyrk iSnk djus okyh dksbZ Hkh Hkkoiw.kZ vihy ,dne cqf¼ekuh ls jfgr vkSj ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks dqpy Mkyus esa ljdkj dh lhèkh enn djus okyh gksxhA blfy, ge vkils çkFkZuk djrs gSa fd ;k rks vki dqN ØkfUrdkjh usrkvksa ls ckrphr dhft;s μ muesa ls dbZ tsyksa esa gSa μ vkSj muds lkFk lqyg dhft;s ;k ;s lc çkFkZuk,¡ cUn jf[k;sA Ñik dj fgr dh n`f\"V ls bu nks esa ls dksbZ ,d jkLrk pqu yhft;s vkSj lPps fny ls ml ij pfy;sA vxj vki mudh enn u dj ldsa] rks esgjckuh djds mu ij jge djsaA mUgsa vyx jgus nsaA os viuh fgiQ+ ktr+ vki vfèkd vPNh rjg dj ldrs gAaS os tkurs gaS fd Hkkoh jktuhfrd ;q¼ esa loksZifj LFkku ØkfUrdkjh i{k dks gh feyus okyk gSA yksdlewg muds vkl&ikl bdV~Bk gks jgs gSa] vkSj og fnu nwj ugha gS] tc ;s tulewg dks vius >.Ms rys] lekt&lÙkk çtkrU=k ds mEnk vkjS HkO; vkn'kZ dh vksj ys tkrs gksaxsA vFkok vxj vki lpeqp gh mudh lgk;rk djuk pkgrs gksa] rks mudk n`f\"Vdks.k le> ysus ds fy, muds lkFk ckrphr djds bl loky dh iwjh ri+Qlhyokj ppkZ dj yhft;sA vk'kk gS] vki Ñik djds mDr çkFkZuk ij fopkj djsaxs vkSj vius fopkj loZlkèkkj.k ds lkeus çdV djsaxsA vkidk] vusdksa esa ls ,d 392 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

IX. ØkfUrdkjh thou dh rLohj % i=kkas ds vkbuZ s eas