Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

([k) foÙk lfefr % lfefr esa efgyk lnL;ksa dh la[;k vfèkd gks ldrh gSA bl lfefr ds flj ij lcls eqf'dy dkeksa ls Hkh eqf'dy dke fuHkZj gS] blfy, lHkh dks [kqys fny ls bldh lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A èku ds Ïksr çkFkfedrk ds vuqlkj gksa μ LoSfPNd pUnk] tcjh pUnk (ljdkjh èku)] fons'kh iw¡thifr ;k cSad] fons'k esa jgus okyksa dh ns'kh O;fDrxr lEifÙk ij o+QCt+k ;k x+Sj&o+Qkuwuh rjho+Qs] tSls xcuA (vfUre nksuksa gekjh uhfr ds foijhr gSa vkSj ikVhZ dks gkfu igq¡pkrs gSa] blfy, bUgsa vfèkd c<+kok ugha nsuk pkfg,A) (x) ,D'ku desVh (dkjZokbZ lfefr) % bldk :i μ lkcksrkt] gfFk;kj&laxzg vkSj foæksg dk çf'k{k.k nsus ds fy, ,d xqIr lfefrA xzqi (d) μ uo;qod % 'k=kq dh [k+cjsa ,d=k djuk] LFkkuh; lSfud&losZ{k.kA xqzi ([k) μ fo'ks\"kK % 'kL=k laxzg] lSfud&çf'k{k.k vkfnA (?k) L=kh&lfefr % ;|fi t+kfgjk rkSj ij L=kh&iq#\"kksa esa dksbZ HksnHkko ugha j[kk tkrk rFkkfi ikVhZ dks lqj{kk o lqfoèkk ds fy, ,slh lfefr dh t+:jr gS tks vius lnL;ksa dh iwjh ft+Eesnkjh vks<+ ldsA mUgsa foÙk lfefr dk iwjk Hkkj lkiaS k tk ldrk gS vkjS dkiQ+ h gn rd lkekU; lfefr ds dke Hkh fn;s tk ldrs gSaA dkjZokbZ lfefr ds fy, buesa vfèkd lEHkkouk ugha gSA budh çkjfEHkd ftEesnkfj;k¡ gSa μ fL=k;ksa dks ØkfUrdkjh cukuk vkSj buesa ls çR;{k lsok ds fy, lfØ; lnL; Hkjrh djukA Åij crk;s x;s dk;ZØe ls ;g fu\"d\"kZ fudkyuk lEHko gS fd ØkfUr ;k vktk+ nh ds fy, dkbs Z NkVs k jkLrk ugha gAS ^;g fdlh lUq njh dh rjg lcq g&lcq g gesa fn[kk;h ugha nsxh* vkSj ;fn ,slk gqvk rks og cM+k eugwl fnu gksxkA fcuk fdlh cqfu;knh dke ds] cx+Sj tq>k: turk ds vkSj fcuk fdlh ikVhZ ds] vxj (ØkfUr) gj rjg ls rS;kj gks] rks ;g ,d vliQyrk gksxhA blhfy, gesa Lo;a dks ¯>>ksM+uk gksxkA gesa ges'kk ;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk pjejk jgh gS vkSj rckgh dh vksj c<+ jgh gSA nks ;k rhu lky esa 'kk;n bldk fouk'k gks tk;sA ;fn vkt Hkh gekjh 'kfDr fc[kjh jgh vkSj ØkfUrdkjh 'kfDr;k¡ ,dtqV gksdj u c<+ ldha rks ,slk ladV vk;sxk fd ge mls l¡Hkkyus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gksaxsA vkb;s] ge ;g psrkouh Lohdkj djsa vkSj nks ;k rhu o\"kZ esa ØkfUr dh vksj vkxs c<+us dh ;kstuk cuk;saA (i+Qjojh] 1931) fopkjksa dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj @ 495

;q¼ vHkh tkjh gS--- iQk¡lh ij yVdk;s tkus ls 3 fnu iwoZ μ 20 ekpZ] 1931 dks μ Hkxr¯lg] lq[knso vkSj jktxq# us iatkc ds xouZj dks ;g i=k Hkstdj ek¡x dh Fkh fd mUgsa ;¼q cUnh ekuk tk;s rFkk iQkl¡ h ij yVdk;s tkus ds ctk; xkys h ls mMk+ fn;k tk;As μ l- gesa iQk¡lh nsus ds ctk; xksyh ls mM+k fn;k tk;sA 20 ekpZ] 1931 çfr] xouZj iatkc] f'keyk egkns ;] mfpr lEeku ds lkFk ge uhps fy[kh ckrsa vkidh lsok esa j[k jgs gSa μ Hkkjr dh fczfV'k ljdkj ds loksZPp vfèkdkjh ok;ljk; us ,d fo'ks\"k vè;kns'k tkjh djds ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k vfHk;ksx dh lquok;h ds fy, ,d fo'ks\"k U;k;kfèkdj.k (fVªC;wuy) LFkkfir fd;k Fkk] ftlus 7 vDVwcj] 1930 dks gesa iQk¡lh dk n.M lquk;kA gekjs fo#¼ lcls cM+k vkjksi ;g yxk;k x;k gS fd geus lezkV tkWtZ iape ds fo#¼ ;q¼ fd;k gSA U;k;ky; ds bl fu.kZ; ls nks ckrsa Li\"V gks tkrh gSa μ igyh ;g fd vaxzst+ tkfr vkSj Hkkjrh; turk ds eè; ,d ;q¼ py jgk gSA nwljs ;g fd geus fuf'pr :i esa bl ;q¼ esa Hkkx fy;k gS] vr% ge ;q¼cUnh gSaA ;|fi budh O;k[;k esa cgqr lhek rd vfr'k;ksfDr ls dke fy;k x;k gS] rFkkfi ge ;g dgs fcuk ugha jg ldrs fd ,slk djds gesa lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA igyh ckr ds lEcUèk esa ge rfud foLrkj ls çdk'k Mkyuk pkgrs gSaA ge ugha le>rs fd çR;{k :i esa ,slh dksbZ yM+kbZ fNM+h gqbZ gSA ge ugha tkurs fd ;¼q fNMu+ s ls U;k;ky; dk vk'k; D;k g\\S ijUrq ge bl O;k[;k dks Lohdkj djrs gaS vkjS lkFk gh bls blds Bhd lUnHkZ eas le>kuk pkgrs gAaS 496 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

;q¼ dh fLFkfr ge ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd ;q¼ fNM+k gqvk gS vkSj ;g yM+kbZ rc rd pyrh jgsxh tc rd fd 'kfDr'kkyh O;fDr;ksa us Hkkjrh; turk vkSj Jfedksa dh vk; ds lkèkuksa ij viuk ,dkfèkdkj dj j[kk gS μ pkgs ,sls O;fDr vaxzst+ iw¡thifr vkjS vaxstz + ;k loFZ kk Hkkjrh; gh gksa] mUgksaus vkil esa feydj ,d ywV tkjh dj j[kh gSA pkgs 'kq¼ Hkkjrh; iw¡thifr;ksa ds }kjk gh fuèkZuksa dk [+kwu pwlk tk jgk gks rks Hkh bl fLFkfr esa dksbZ vUrj ugha iM+rkA ;fn vkidh ljdkj dqN usrkvksa ;k Hkkjrh; lekt ds eqf[k;ksa ij çHkko tekus esa liQy gks tk;sa] dqN lqfoèkk,¡ fey tk;sa] vFkok le>kSrs gks tk;sa] blls Hkh fLFkfr ugha cny ldrh] rFkk turk ij bldk çHkko cgqr de iM+rk gSA gesa bl ckr dh Hkh fpUrk ugha fd ;qodksa dks ,d ckj fiQj èkks[kk fn;k x;k gS vkSj bl ckr dk Hkh Hk; ugha gS fd gekjs jktuhfrd usrk iFk&Hkz\"V gks x;s gSa vkSj os le>kSrs dh ckrphr eas bu fujijkèk] cs?kj vkSj fujkfJr cfynkfu;ksa dks Hkwy x;s gSa] ftUgsa nqHkkZX; ls ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dk lnL; le>k tkrk gAS gekjs jktuhfrd usrk mUgsa viuk 'k=kq le>rs g]aS D;kfas d muds fopkj eas os ¯glk eas fo'okl j[krs gAaS gekjh ohjkxa ukvkas us viuk lcdqN cfynku dj fn;k gSA mUgksaus vius ifr;ksa dks cfyosnh ij HksaV fd;k] HkkbZ HkVas fd;]s vkjS tks dNq Hkh muds ikl Fkk μ lc U;kNs koj dj fn;kA mUgksaus viusvki dks Hkh U;ksNkoj dj fn;kA ijUrq vkidh ljdkj mUgsa foæksgh le>rh gAS vkids ,t.s V Hkys gh >Bw h dgkfu;k¡ cukdj mUgas cnuke dj nas vkjS ikVhZ dh çflf¼ dks gkfu igq¡pkus dk ç;kl djsa] ijUrq ;g ;q¼ pyrk jgsxkA ;q¼ ds fofHkUu Lo:i gks ldrk gS fd ;g yM+kbZ fHkUu&fHkUu n'kkvksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu Lo:i xzg.k djsA fdlh le; ;g yM+kbZ çdV :i ys ys] dHkh xqIr n'kk esa pyrh jgs] dHkh Hk;kud :i èkkj.k dj ys] dHkh fdlku ds Lrj ij ;q¼ tkjh jgs vkSj dHkh ;g ?kVuk bruh Hk;kud gks tk;s fd thou vkSj e`R;q dh ckt+h yx tk;sA pkgs dksbZ Hkh ifjfLFkfr gks] bldk çHkko vki ij iM+sxkA ;g vkidh bPNk gS fd vki ftl ifjfLFkfr dks pkgsa pqu ysa] ijUrq ;g yM+kbZ tkjh jgsxhA blesa NksVh&NksVh ckrksa ij è;ku ugha fn;k tk;sxkA cgqr lEHko gS fd ;g ;q¼ Hk;adj Lo:i xzg.k dj ysA ij fu'p; gh ;g ml le; rd lekIr ugha gksxk tc rd fd lekt dk orZeku <k¡pk lekIr ugha gks tkrk] çR;sd oLrq esa ifjorZu ;k ØkfUr lekIr ugha gks tkrh vkSj ekuoh l`f\"V esa ,d uohu ;qx dk lw=kikr ugha gks tkrkA fopkjksa dh lku ij ØkfUr dh ryokj @ 497

vfUre ;q¼ fudV Hkfo\"; esa vfUre ;q¼ yM+k tk;sxk vkSj ;g ;q¼ fu.kkZ;d gksxkA lkezkT;okn o iw¡thokn dqN fnuksa ds esgeku gSaA ;gh og yM+kbZ gS ftleas geus çR;{k :i esa Hkkx fy;k gS vkSj ge vius ij xoZ djrs gSa fd bl ;q¼ dks u rks geus çkjEHk gh fd;k gS vkSj u ;g gekjs thou ds lkFk lekIr gh gksxkA gekjh lsok,¡ bfrgkl ds ml vè;k; esa fy[kh tk;saxh ftldks ;rhUæukFk nkl vkSj Hkxorhpj.k ds cfynkuksa us fo'ks\"k :i esa çdk'keku dj fn;k gSA buds cfynku egku gAaS tgk¡ rd gekjs HkkX; dk lEcUèk g]S ge tk+ js nkj 'kCnkas eas vkils ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd vkius gesa iQk¡lh ij yVdkus dk fu.kZ; dj fy;k gSA vki ,slk djsaxs gh] vkids gkFkksa esa 'kfDr gS vkSj vkidks vfèkdkj Hkh çkIr gSA ijUrq bl çdkj vki ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal okyk fl¼kUr gh viuk jgs gSa μ vkSj vki ml ij dfVc¼ gSaA gekjs vfHk;ksx dh lquokbZ bl ckr dks fl¼ djus ds fy, i;kZIr gS fd geus dHkh dksbZ çkFkZuk ugha dh vkSj vc Hkh ge vkils fdlh çdkj dh n;k dh çkFkZuk ugha djrsA ge vkils dsoy ;g çkFkZuk djuk pkgrs gSa fd vkidh ljdkj ds gh ,d U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj gekjs fo#¼ ;¼q tkjh j[kus dk vfHk;kxs gAS bl fLFkfr eas ge ;¼q cUnh g]aS vr% bl vkèkkj ij ge vkils ekx¡ djrs gaS fd gekjs çfr ;¼q cfUn;kas tlS k gh O;ogkj fd;k tk;s vkSj gesa iQk¡lh nsus ds cnys xksyh ls mM+k fn;k tk;sA vc ;g fl¼ djuk vkidk dke gS fd vkidks ml fu.kZ; esa fo'okl gS tks vkidh ljdkj ds ,d U;k;ky; us fd;k gSA vki vius dk;Z }kjk bl ckr dk çek.k nhft;sA ge fou;iwoZd vkils çkFkZuk djrs gSa fd vki vius lsuk&foHkkx dks vkns'k ns nsa fd gesa xksyh ls mM+kus ds fy, ,d lSfud Vksyh Hkst nh tk;sA Hkonh;] Hkxr¯lg] jktxq#] lq[knso 498 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % ,d fn fjoksY;w'kujh fgUnqLrku fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dk ;g ?kks\"k.kki=k fnlEcj 1924 ds vklikl 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky }kjk fy[kk x;k FkkA 31 fnlEcj 1924 dh jkr vkSj 1 tuojh 1924 ds chp bls mÙkj Hkkjr ds yxHkx lHkh çeq[k 'kgjksa esa forfjr fd;k x;k FkkA μ l- gj bUlku dks fu%'kqYd gjsd bUlku dks okLrfod U;k; pkgs og leku volj] pkgs og Å¡p gks ;k uhp Å¡p gks ;k uhp vehj gks ;k x+jhc vehj gks x+jhc fjoksY;w'kujh ikVhZ vkWi+Q bf.M;k dk eq[ki=k igyh tuojh] 1925 Hkkx 1 (gj ,d bZekunkj fgUnqLrkuh dks bls iwjk i<+uk pkfg, vkSj vius nksLrksa ds chp ck¡Vuk pkfg,) Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dk ?kks\"k.kki=k ¶u;s rkjs ds tUe ds fy, mFky&iqFky t+:jh gSA¸ vkSj thou ihM+k vkSj O;Fkk ds lkFk tUe ysrk gSA fgUnqLrku dk Hkh ,d u;k tUe gks jgk gS vkSj ;g ml mFky&iqFky vkSj ihM+k ds nkSj ls xqt+j jgk gS ftlls cpk ugha tk ldrk gSA fgUnLq rkuh tu viuh fu;r Hkfw edk vnk djxas s vkjS rc lkjs vueq ku cds kj fl¼ gksaxs] lhèks&lkns vkSj det+ksj yksxksa ls gksf'k;kjksa vkSj rko+Qrojksa ds gkFk&iSj iQwy tk;saxs] fo'kky lkezkT; pdukpwj gks tk;saxs vkSj u;s jk\"Vªksa dk mn; gksxk tks viuh 'kku vkSj efgek ls ekuork dks LrCèk dj nsaxsA ;g u;h 'kfDr] tks nqfu;k dh tM+ksa rd dks fgyk jgh gS] ;g u;k tks'k ifjf'k\"V @ 499

tks insZ ds ihNs peRdkj dj jgk gS] fgUnqLrku ds ;qok jDr esa Hkh çdV gks jgk gS vkjS ,d vkUnkys u dks vkdkj ns jgk gAS bl vkUnkys u ls cfq ¼eku vkjS fo}ku ui+Qjr djrs vkSj bldh mis{kk djrs gSa vkSj bls pUn fljfiQjs yksxksa ds ikxyiu Hkjs lius dgk tkrk gSA ;g vuks[kk vkUnksyu ukStoku fgUnqLrku dk ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu gSA bl ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu us ukT+kqd yksxksa ds gks'k mM+k fn, gSa vkSj cyoku rFkk LoLFk dks iszfjr fd;k gSA blus nqfu;kHkj vkSj Kkuh yksxksa dks gSjku dj fn;k gSA ftl rjg vkus okys clUr dks jksdk ugha tk ldrk gS mlh rjg ls bl vkUnksyu dks dHkh dqpyk ugha tk ldrkA tc rd ;g ml fe'ku dks iwjk ugha dj ysrk ftlds fy, mlus tUe fy;k g]S rc rd ;g ej ugha ldrkA vR;kpkjh bls nck;saxsA vfo'oklh bl ij rkus dlsaxs vkSj lEHkzkUr bldh fuUnk djsaxs] ysfdu fopkjksa vkSj liuksa dks dHkh Hkh ryokj ls gjk;k ugha tk ldrk vkSj tks mnkÙk laosx blds vfLrRo dh xgjkbZ ls iSnk gks x;k gS] mldks dHkh u rks vuns[kk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj u gh g¡lh esa mM+k;k tk ldrk gSA ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu ml u, thou dh vfHkO;fDr gS tks jk\"Vª esa tUe ys pqdk gSA bl thou dh fuUnk viuh [+kqn dh le> dh fuUnk djuk gSA chl lky dk csjge neu bldks dqpy ugha ik;k gSA fo[;kr tu&usrkvksa }kjk dh x;h dBksj fuUnk,¡ blds c<+ko dks jksd ugha ik;h gSaA ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dh lEHkkouk,¡ ftruh mTToy vkt gSa mruh igys dHkh ugha FkhaA Hkfo\"; lqfuf'pr gSA fons'kh 'kkldksa ds neudkjh mik;ksa dh fuUnk djus ds fy, fdlh Hkh Hkkjrh; dks bl ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds vfLrRo ls bUdkj ugha djuk pkfg,A fonsf'k;ksa dks Hkkjr ij jkt djus dk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha gS vkSj blfy, mudh fuUnk djuh pkfg, vkSj mudks fudky ckgj djuk pkfg,A ckr ;g ugha fd mUgksaus ¯glk vFkok vijkèk dh dksbZ [k+kl dkjZokbZ dh gS] fons'kh jkt ds dqN LokHkkfod ifj.kke gksrs gSaA bl fons'kh jkt dks [k+Re dj fn;k tkuk t+:jh gSA Hkkjr ij jkt djus dk mudk dkbs Z vkfS pR; ugha gS flok ryokj ds vkjS blfy, ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ us ryokj mBk yh gSA ysfdu ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dh ryokj ij fopkjksa dh èkkj gSA jktuhfr ds {ks=k esa ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dk i+QkSjh mís'; laxfBr ,oa l'kL=k ØkfUr ds }kjk Hkkjr ds eqDr çkUrksa ds la?kh; x.krU=k dh LFkkiuk djuk gSA bl x.krU=k ds lafoèkku dks ,sls le; vfUre :i fn;k vkSj ?kksf\"kr fd;k tk;sxk tc Hkkjr ds çfrfufèk;kas ds ikl vius iQ+ lS ys dks vey eas ykus dh 'kfDr gkxs hA vycÙkk] bl x.krU=k dk ewyHkwr fl¼kUr lk£od erkfèkdkj vkSj ,slh leLr O;oLFkkvkas dk mUeyw u gkxs k tkfs d eu\"q ; }kjk eu\"q ; ds 'kk\"s k.k dks lEHko cukrh 500 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gSaA vFkkZr jsyos vkSj ifjogu ds nwljs lkèkuksa] [kkuksa vkSj bLikr ,oa ty;kuksa ds fofuekZ.k tSls nwljh rjg ds cM+s&cM+s m|ksxksa vkfn dk jk\"Vªh;dj.k dj fn;k tk;sxkA bl x.krU=k esa fuokZpdksa ds ikl vius çfrfufèk;ksa dks t+:jr iM+us ij okil cqykus dk vfèkdkj gksxk] ,slk ugha gksus ij turU=k e[k+kSy cudj jg tk;sxkA bl x.krU=k esa foèkkf;dk ds ikl dk;Zikfydk dks fu;fU=kr djus vkSj vko';drk mRiUu gksus ij mls cny nsus dk vfèkdkj gksxkA ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ jk\"Vªh; ugha vfirq bu vFkks± esa vUrjjk\"Vªh; gS fd mldk vfUre mís'; fofHkUu jk\"Vªksa ds Hkk¡fr&Hkk¡fr ds fgrksa dk lEeku vkSj mudh xkj.Vh ds }kjk nqfu;k esa esy&feyki o+Qk;e djuk gSA bldk eo+Qln fofHkUu jk\"Vªksa vkSj jkT;ksa ds chp çfr;ksfxrk ugha oju lg;ksx gS vkSj bl fygkt+ ls ;g xkjS o'kkyh vrhr ds egku Hkkjrh; Íf\"k;kas vkjS vkèkfq ud ;xq ds ckYs 'kfs od :l ds infpÉksa dk vuqlj.k djrh gSA Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fy, ekuork dh HkykbZ csdkj ds ,oa [kks[kys 'kCn ugha gSaA ysfdu det+ksj dk;j vkSj 'kfDrghu viuh ;k ekuork dh dksbZ HkykbZ ugha dj ldrsA lkEçnkf;d ç'u ds lEcUèk esa ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dk fopkj gS fd fofHkUu leqnk;ksa dks mudh ek¡x ds vuqlkj vfèkdkj çnku dj fn;s tk;sa c'krsZ fd os nwljs leqnk;ksa ds fgrksa ls u Vdjkrs gksa vkSj fudV Hkfo\"; esa os vUrrksxRok fofHkUu leqnk;ksa ds chp fnyh vkSj tSfod ,drk dh vksj ys tkrs gksaA vk£Fkd ,oa lkekftd dY;k.k ds {k=s k eas ikVhZ ;FkklEHko cMs+ ls cMs+ ieS kus ij lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dks c<+kok nsxhA futh ,oa vlaxfBr dkjksckjh miØeksa dh ctk; ikVhZ lgdkjh ;wfu;u dks rjthg nsrh gSA vkfRed {ks=k eas ikVhZ dk mís'; lR; dh LFkkiuk djuk vkSj bl ckr dk çpkj&çlkj djuk gS fd nqfu;k ek;k&eksg ugha gS ftls fd njfdukj dj fn;k tk;s vkSj ftlls ui+Qjr dh tk;s] oju ;g ,d gh vkRek dh vfHkO;fDr gS tksfd leLr 'kfDr] leLr Kku vkSj leLr lkSUn;Z dk loksZifj Ïksr gSA ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds ikl viuh Lo;a dh uhfr vkjS viuk Lo;a dk dk;ØZ e gSA lqLi\"V dkj.kksa ls ;g viuh leLr xksiuh; ckrksa dks çdV ugha dj ldrhA ijUrq tc ;g fcYdqy fuf'pr gks tk;sxk fd ljdkj gekjs vius yksxksa ls T+;knk tkurh gS rks tulkèkkj.k dks Hkh csfgpd mldh ;kstuk vkSj rkSj&rjho+Qksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ns nh tk;sxhA ;g ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dkaxzsl vkSj mlds fofHkUu nyksa ds lkFk lEHko gksus ij lg;ksx vkSj vko';drk iM+us ij foyxko dh uhfr dk vuqlj.k djrh gSA vycÙkk ;g ikVhZ bl ns'k esa leLr laoSèkkfud vkUnksyu dks ui+Qjr vkSj mis{kk dh ut+j ls ns[krh gSA ;g dguk gkL;kLin gS fd Hkkjr dh eqfDr laoSèkkfud ifjf'k\"V @ 501

mik;ksa ds tfj;s gkfly dh tk ldrh gS tgk¡ ij fd fdlh lafoèkku dk vfLrRo gh ugha gAS ;g dguk vkReçopa uk gS fd Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd LorU=krk dks 'kkfUriw.kZ ,oa oSèk rjho+Qksa ls gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA tc nq'eu viuh lqfoèkk ds vuqlkj 'kkfUr dks Hkax dj nsus ds fy, dfVc¼ gS rks ¶oSèk¸ dh lqUnj mfDr ml le; viuk leLr vkd\"kZ.k vkSj egÙo x¡ok cSBrh gS tc ge vius ls gj o+Qher ij 'kkfUr cuk;s j[kus dh çfrKk djrs gSaA gekjs tu&usrk nks&Vwd 'kCnksa esa ;g dgus esa fgpfdpkrs gSa fd Hkkjr fons'kh fu;U=k.k ls eqDr iw.kZ Lok;Ùkrk pkgrk gSA lEHkor% os bl rF; ls vutku gSa fd egku vkn'kks± dh çsj.kk ds tfj;s jk\"Vª tUe ysrs gSaA ;g vkfRed vkn'kZ dks] tksfd iw.kZ Lok;Ùkrk dh Hkkouk dks Lohdkj djus ls fgpfdpkrk gS] 'kk;n gh vkfRed dgk tk ldrk gks_ gkyk¡fd cgqr lEHko gS fd ,d ut+j esa os csgn mnkÙk tku iM+sA vc le; vk x;k gS fd csykx&yisV <ax ls lp dgk tk;s vkSj jk\"Vª ds lEeq[k ,sls vkn'kZ j[ks tk;sa ftUgsa okLro esa vkn'kZ dgk tk ldrk gSA gekjk vkn'kZ laxfBr rjho+Qs ls ekuork dh lsok djuk gSA Hkkjr bl vkn'kZ dks ewrZ :i çnku ugha dj ldrk D;ksafd og cUèku ;k X+kqykeh dh voLFkk esa cuk gqvk gSA Hkkjr ds fczfV'k Hkkjr cus jgus rd bl vkn'kZ dks dnkfi çkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA Hkkjr vius vkn'kZ dks ewrZ :i ns lds blds fy, mldk i`Fkd vkSj LorU=k vfLrRo cgqr t+:jh gSA bl LorU=krk dks dHkh Hkh 'kkfUriw.kZ ,oa laoSèkkfud rjho+Qksa ls gkfly ugha fd;k tk ldrkA dksbZ cPpk Hkh bl ckr dks le> ldrk gS fd fczfV'k Hkkjr dk 'kklu pykus okys o+Qkuwu Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk ugha cuk;s tkrs vkSj u gh muds Åij mudk dksbZ fu;U=k.k gh gks ldrk gSA fczfV'k Hkkjr dks dHkh Hkh fczfV'k o+Qkuwu vkSj lafoèkku ds tfj;s dHkh Hkh ;qDr çkUrksa ds la?kh; x.krU=k esa :ikUrfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA Hkkjr ds ;qokvksa] vius Hkzeksa dks nwj Hkxkvks vkSj et+cwr ân; ls okLrfodrk dk lkeuk djks vkSj la?k\"kZ dfBukb;ksa ,oa o+QqckZfu;ksa ls cpks ughaA tks gksuk gS og gksdj jgsxkA vc vkSj xqejkg ugha gksuk gSA vki 'kkfUriw.kZ ,oa oSèk rjho+Qs ls 'kkfUr gkfly ugha dj ldrsA egku vaxzst+ ys[kd Jh jkWcV~Zlu ;s Lej.kh; 'kCn Hkkjr ds cqf¼eku yksxksa dks vkSj Hkh T+;knk le>nkj cukus dk dke dj ldrs gSa % ¶lèq kkj dk vkUnkys u vkjS dk;ØZ e e[q ;r;k vk;fj'k vkjS çkVs Ls V.s V urs kvkas dh miyfCèk Fkk_ ftuds vkxs fczfV'k oDrO; us ;g ?kkrd jgL; mtkxj fd;k fd baXyS.M dks èkfd;k;k rks tk ldrk gS ysfdu mls rdZ o foosd ls U;k; ,oa mnkjrk ds i{k esa ugha [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk¸ bafXy'k v.Mj gSuksosfj;al] i`\"B 197)A 502 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Hkkjrh; tu&usrkvksa dks vHkh Hkh bl ?kkrd jgL; dh tkudkjh ugha ;k fiQj os tkucw>dj ew[kZ cus gq, gSaA Hkkjr ds le>nkj yksxksa dk dguk gS fd bl ckr dh vk'kk ikyuk csrqdk gS fd Hkkjr dks gfFk;kjksa dh rko+Qr ls vkt+kn djk;k tk ldrk gS] gkyk¡fd os ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd ;g eku ysuk mruk gh ;k mlls Hkh T+;knk csrqdk gS fd eqV~BhHkj vaxzst+ksa us gfFk;kjksa ds ne ij lewph ekuo tkfr ds ik¡posa fgLls dks vius vèkhu cukdj j[kk gSA vkxs vkus okyh ih<+h cgqr lEHko gS fd bl rF; dh çkekf.kdrk ij lUnsg djs fd eqV~BhHkj vaxstz +ksa us Hkkjr ds Åij ,d 'krkCnh rd 'kklu Hkh fd;k gS_ ;g ckr bruh rks vdYiuh; gSA vkrda okn vkjS vjktdrkokn ds ckjs eas dNq 'kCn vkjS A vkt ;s 'kCn Hkkjr esa lokZfèkd {kfrdkjd Hkwfedk vnk dj jgs gSaA bu 'kCnksa dks fujiokn :i ls ØkfUr dk lUnHkZ vkus ij x+yr <ax ls ç;qDr fd;k tkrk gS D;ksafd bu ukeksa dh vkM+ esa ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh HkRlZuk djuk cgqr lqfoèkktud gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh u rks vkradoknh gSa vkSj u gh vjktdrkoknhA bl ns'k esa vjktdrk iQSykuk dHkh Hkh mudk mís'; ugha jgk gS vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd mUgsa dHkh Hkh vjktdrkoknh ugha dgk tk ldrkA vkradokn dHkh Hkh mudk y{; ugha jgk vkSj mUgsa vkradoknh ugha dgk tk ldrkA os ;g ugha ekurs fd vdsyk vkradokn gh vkt+knh fnyk ldrk gS vkjS os vkradokn ds fy, vkradokn ugha pkgrs] gkyk¡fd ;g lEHko gS fd os le;&le; ij çfrdkj ds cgqr gh çHkkoh lkèku ds :i esa bl rjho+Qs dks dke esa ys vk;saA ekStwnk ljdkj dk vfLrRo fli+QZ blfy, o+Qk;e gS fd fons'kh yksx Hkkjrh; turk dks vkrafdr djus esa liQy jgs gSaA Hkkjrh; turk vius vaxzst+ ekfydksa ls çse ugha djrh] og ugha pkgrh gS fd os ;gk¡ cus jgsa] ysfdu og vaxzst+ksa ds lkFk lg;ksx fli+QZ blfy, djrh gS fd og muls cjq h rjg ls Mjh gbq Z gS vkjS ;gh og Mj gS tkfs d Hkkjrh;kas dks ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds lkFk lg;ksx djus ls jksdrk gS] ,slk ugha gS fd os mUgsa I;kj ugha djrsA ljdkjh vkradokn dk tokc çfr vkradokn ls fn;k tkuk r; gSA gekjs lekt ds çR;sd laLrj esa iwjh rjg ls cspkjxh dh Hkkouk O;kIr gS vkSj lekt esa leqfpr tT+cs dh cgkyh ds fy, vkradokn çHkkoh mik; gS] ftlds cx+Sj çxfr eqf'dy gksxhA blds vykok vaxzst+ ekfydksa vkSj muds fdjk;s ds VV~Vqvksa dks dHkh Hkh fuckZèk <ax ls euekuh djus dh btkt+r ugha nh tk ldrhA muds jkLrs esa gjlEHko dfBukbZ vkSj çfrjksèk [kM+k djuk gksxkA vkradokn dk vUrjjk\"Vªh; çHkko Hkh gksrk gS] D;ksafd baXyS.M ds mRdV 'k=kq vkradokn vkSj ØkfUrdkjh çn'kuZ kas ds tfj;s iQ+ kjS u Hkkjr dh vkjs mUe[q k gkrs s g]aS vkjS ØkfUrdkjh ifjf'k\"V @ 503

ikVhZ orZeku vkUnksyu esa bl mxz vfHk;ku esa 'kkfey gksus ls tkucw>dj [+kqn dks cpk;s g,q g]S bldk dkj.k cl ;g gS fd ikVhZ fu.kk;Z d çgkj djus ds fy, bUrt+kj dj jgh gSA ;g fLFkfr rks rc gS tcfd fons'kh ljdkj ds ,ts.Vksa us mldh ekrkvksa ,oa cfguksa dh e;kZnk Hkax djds mdlkos dh cM+h&cM+h dkjZokb;k¡ dh gSaA vycÙkk] le; vkus ij ikVhZ vkradokn ds csrgk'kk vfHk;ku esa 'kkfey gksus ls fgpfdpk;sxh ugha] ,slk gksus ij ,sls çR;sd vfèkdkjh vkSj O;fDr dk thou vlg; cuk fn;k tk;sxk] tksfd fons'kh 'kkldksa dh fdlh Hkh :i esa enn djsaxs fiQj os pkgs Hkkjrh; gksa ;k ;wjksih;] Åijh ntsZ ds gksa ;k fupys ntsZ dsA ysfdu ml fLFkfr esa Hkh ikVhZ dHkh Hkh ;g ugha Hkwysxh fd vkradokn y{; ugha gS vkSj os fujUrj ,sls fuLLokFkZ ,oa le£ir dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ny laxfBr djus dh dksf'k'k djrs jgsaxs tksfd vius ns'k dh jktuhfrd ,oa lkekftd eqfDr ds fy, viuh iwjh ÅtkZ >ksad nsaxsA os lnSo ;g ;kn j[ksaxs fd jk\"Vª&fuekZ.k ds fy, gt+kjksa ,sls xqeuke L=kh&i#q \"kkas ds vkRecfynku dh vko';drk iMr+ h gS tkfs d vius [k+ nq ds vkjke ;k LokFkZ vius Lo;a ds thou ;k vius fç;tuksa ds thou ds eqo+Qkcys vius ns'k ds fopkj dh vfèkd ijokg djrs gSaA g- oh-ds- vè;{k] dsUæh; ifj\"kn Hkkjr dh ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ 504 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % nks fgUnqLrku fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dk lafoèkku 1925 dh i+Qkby u- 375] x`g foHkkx (jktuhfrd)] Hkkjr ljdkj (,u,vkb)Z A 1924 ds vkf[k+j esa 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;kA bls ihys dkx+t+ ij eqfær fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ;gh dkj.k gS fd bldk mYys[k vkerkSj ij ^;syks isij* ds uke ls fd;k tkrk gSA μ l- uke % ,lksfl,'ku dk uke fgUnqLrku fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku gksxkA mís'; % ,lksfl,'ku dk mís'; laxfBr ,oa l'kL=k ØkfUr ds }kjk Hkkjr ds la;qDr çkUrksa dk la?kc¼ x.krU=k LFkkfir djuk gksxkA x.krU=k ds lafoèkku dk vfUre Lo:i dk fuèkkZj.k vkSj ?kks\"k.kk tu çfrfufèk;ksa ds }kjk ml le; dh tk;sxh tcfd os vius i+QSlyksa dks fØ;kfUor djus dh fLFkfr esa gksaxsA x.krU=k dk ewyHkwr fl¼kUr lk£od erkfèkdkj vkSj ,slh leLr O;oLFkkvksa dk mUewyu gksxk tksfd fdlh Hkh çdkj ds euq\"; }kjk euq\"; ds 'kks\"k.k dks lEHko cukrh gSaA lafoèkku % lpa kyu lfefr@,lkfs l,'ku dh lpa kyu lfefr Hkkjr ds çR;ds çkUr ds çfrfufèk;ksa ls feydj cuh dsUæh; ifj\"kn gksxhA dsUæh; ifj\"kn ds i+QSlyksa dks iwjk vfèkdkj çkIr gksxkA dsUæh; ifj\"kn dk çeq[k dk;Z fofHkUu çkUrksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa ij fuxjkuh j[kuk] muds chp rkyesy vkSj leUo; o+Qk;e djuk gksxk] ftlds ckjs esa mls iwjh tkudkjh gksxhA Hkkjr ds ckgj nwljs ns'kksa esa fd;s tkus okys dkeksa dks lhèks dsUæh; ifj\"kn dh ns[kjs[k esa fd;k tk;sxkA çkUrh; laxBu % ,d lfefr gksxh tksfd çR;sd çkUr esa ,lksfl,'ku ds ik¡p fHkUu&fHkUu foHkkxksa dk çfrfufèkRo djus okys ik¡p yksxksa ls feydj cuh gksxh] tksfd çkUr esa ,lksfl,'ku dh leLr xfrfofèk;ksa dk fu;eu djsxhA lfefr ds leLr i+QSlys lokZuqefr ls fy;s tk;saxsA foHkkx μ çR;sd çkUrh; laxBu esa fuEufyf[kr foHkkx gksaxs % ifjf'k\"V @ 505

1- çpkj 2- yksxksa dks tqVkuk 3- fufèk;ksa dh O;oLFkk djuk vkSj vkradokn 4- vL=k&'kL=k ,oa xksyk&ck:n dk laxzg ,oa Hk.Mkj.k 5- fons'kh lEcUèk 1- çpkj dk dke bl çdkj ls fd;k tk;sxk % (,) [kqys ,oa xqIr çsl ds }kjk (ch) O;fDrxr okrkZyki ds tfj;s (lh) lkoZtfud eapksa ds tfj;s (Mh) laxfBr dFkkvksa dh O;oLFkk ds tfj;s vkSj (bZ) eSftd yS.VuZ LykbM~l ds tfj;sA 2- yksxksa dks tqVkus dk dke fofHkUu ft+yksa ds çHkkjh laxBudrkZvksa }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA 3- fufèk;ksa dh O;oLFkk djus dk dke vkerkSj ij LoSfPNd pUns ds mik; dks dke esa ykdj fd;k tk;sxk vkSj ;nk&dnk t+cju mxkgh ds mik; dks dke eas yk;k tk;xs kA fon's kh ljdkj ds ,t.s V ;k ,t.s Vkas }kjk neu ds vrho ekeykas esa ,lksfl,'ku dk ;g dÙkZO; gksxk fd og ftl Hkh :i esa Bhd le>s mldk çfrdkj djsA 4- ,lksfl,'ku ds gj lnL; dks 'kL=k lfTtr djus ds fy, leLr ç;kl fd;s tk;xas _s yfs du bl rjg ds lHkh gfFk;kjkas dks fofHkUu dUs ækas ij j[kk tk;xs k vkSj mudk mi;ksx dsoy çkUrh; lfefr ds fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj gh fd;k tk;xs kA ft+yk laxBudrkZ ;k foHkkx ds çHkkjh vfèkdkjh dh tkudkjh vkSj vuqefr ds cx+Sj ,d Hkh gfFk;kj ft+ys ds fdlh Hkh LFkku ls gVk;k ;k mi;ksx esa ugha yk;k tk;sxkA 5- fons'kh lEcUèkA foHkkx dsUæh; lfefr ls feyus okys lhèks vkns'kksa ds rgr vius dke dks iwjk djsxkA ft+yk laxBudrkZ μ mlds dÙkZO; ft+yk laxBudrkZ vius ft+ys ds lnL;ksa dk vdsyk çHkkjh gksxkA og vius fty+ s ds çR;ds fgLls eas vius ,lkfs l,'ku dh 'kk[kk,¡ [kkys us dh dkfs 'k'k djxs kA Hkjrh dk dke çHkkoh rjho+Qs ls pykus ds fy, mls vius ft+ys ds fofHkUu lkoZtfud fudk;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa ds lkFk lEidZ cuk;s j[kuk gksxkA ft+yk laxBudrkZvksa dks gj çdkj ls çkUrh; lfefr ds vèkhu j[kk tk;sxk tksfd leLr xfrfofèk;ksa dh fuxjkuh vkSj funsZ'ku djsxhA fty+ k lxa BudrkZ ;g lfq uf'pr djxs k fd lnL;x.k vyx&vyx legw kas eas 506 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

foHkkftr gksa vkSj fofHkUu lewgksa dks ,d&nwljs ds ckjs esa tkudkjh u gksA tgk¡ rd lEHko gS fd fdlh Hkh çkUr ds ft+yk laxBudrkZ ,d&nwljs dh xfrfofèk;ksa ls voxr u gksa] mUgsa ,d&nwljs dks O;fDrxr :i ls ;k uke ls Hkh ugha tkuuk pkfg,A dksbZ Hkh ft+yk laxBudrkZ vius ls cM+s vfèkdkjh dks lwpuk fn;s cx+Sj viuh txg dks ugha NksM+sxkA ft+yk laxBudrkZ dh ;ksX;rk,¡ 1- mlds ikl vyx&vyx fetkt ds ykxs kas dks fn'kk&fun'Zs k nus s vkjS muls dke ysus dh dq'kyrk vkSj ;ksX;rk gksuh pkfg,A 2- mlds ikl viuh ekr`Hkfw e ds fo'k\"s k lUnHkZ eas le&lkef;d jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj vk£Fkd leL;kvksa dks le>us dh {kerk gksuh pkfg,A 3- mls Hkkjr }kjk fodflr dh x;h lH;rk&fo'ks\"k ds fof'k\"V lUnHkZ esa Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dh ewy Hkkouk dks vkRelkr djus esa l{ke gksuk pkfg,A 4- LorU=k Hkkjr ds thou y{; vkSj eaft+y dks ysdj mls vo'; gh vkLFkkoku gksuk pkfg,] tksfd euq\"; dh vkfRed ,oa HkkSfrd nksuksa çdkj dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa lkeatL; o+Qk;e djrh gSA mls vo'; gh lkglh vkSj vkRecfynku ds tT+cs ls ifjiw.kZ gksuk pkfg, ftlds fcuk mlds leLr nsnhI;eku xq.kksa dk dksbZ eksy ugha gksxkA çkUrh; ifj\"kn vkSj dsUæh; ifj\"kn çkUrh; lfefr vkjS dsUæh; lfefr ds lnL;ksa dks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd mlds ,lksfl,'ku ds çR;sd lnL; dks viuh O;fDrxr ;ksX;rkvksa dks fodflr djus vkjS mls dke eas ykus dh ijw h LorU=krk vkjS foiyq volj fey]s blds cx+Sj ,lksfl,'ku fo?kfVr gksus dh vksj ço`Ùk gksxkA dk;ZØe ,lksfl,'ku dh leLr xfrfofèk;ksa dks nks fgLlksa μ lkoZtfud ,oa futh μ esa ck¡Vk tk;sxkA lkoZtfud % 1- Dycksa] iqLrdky;ksa] lsok lfefr;ksa vkfn dh 'kDy esa ,lksfl,'kuksa dh LFkkiuk djukA 2- et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dk laxBu cukukA fofHkUu i+QSDVfj;ksa] jsyos vkSj dks;yk {ks=kksa esa et+nwjksa dks laxfBr vkSj fu;fU=kr djus ds fy, ,lksfl,'ku dh ifjf'k\"V @ 507

rji+Q ls mi;qDr O;fDr;ksa dks yxk;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj muds fnyks&fnekx+ esa bl ckr dks cSBk nsuk gksxk fd os ØkfUr ds fy, ugha gSa oju ;g fd ØkfUr muds fy, gSA blh çdkj ls fdlkuksa dks Hkh laxfBr djuk gksxkA 3- LorU=k Hkkjrh; x.krU=k ds fopkj dks çpkfjr djus ds fy, çR;sd çkUr esa lkIrkfgd v[k+ckj 'kq: djus gksaxsA 4- lelkef;d ?kVukØe vkSj fons'kksa esa çpfyr fopkjksa ds çokg ls tulkèkkj.k dks voxr djkus ds fy, iqfLrdkvksa vkSj ijpksa dk çdk'kuA 5- dkaxzsl vkSj nwljh lkoZtfud xfrfofèk;ksa dks tgk¡ rd gks lds çHkkfor djuk vkSj mls vius mi;ksx esa ykukA futh % (,) xIq r çls dh LFkkiuk djuk vkjS mlds tfj;s ,ls s lkfgR; dks çdkf'kr djuk ftls fd vklkuh ls [kqys esa u çdkf'kr fd;k tk ldrk gksA (ch) bl çdkj ds lkfgR; dks çlkfjr djukA (lh) ns'k ds çR;sd Hkkx esa ft+ysokj <ax ls bl ,lksfl,'ku dh 'kk[kk,¡ LFkkfir djukA (Mh) ftl Hkh rjho+Qs ls lEHko gks iSlksa dh O;oLFkk djukA (bZ) mi;qDr yksxksa dks nwljs ns'kksa esa Hkstuk tgk¡ ij os lSfud ;k oSKkfud çf'k{k.k çkIr dj ldrs gksa rkfd os [kqys foæksg ds le; ij lsukvksa ,oa vk;qèk i+QSDVfj;ksa dh deku l¡Hkkyus ds fy, lSU; ;k oSKkfud fo'ks\"kK gkfly dj ldAas (,i+Q) gfFk;kjksa ,oa xksyk&ck:n dk vk;kr djuk vkSj blds vykok tgk¡ rd lEHko gks mudk ns'k ds Hkhrj gh fuekZ.k djukA (th) Hkkjr ds ckgj ds Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds lkFk fudV lEidZ cuk;s j[kuk vkSj muds lkFk lg;ksx djukA (,p) ,lksfl,'ku ds lnL;ksa dks ekStwnk lsuk esa lwphc¼ djukA (vkbZ) dHkh&dHkkj ds çfrdkjh mik;ksa vkSj çpkj ds }kjk vius è;s; ds çfr turk dh gennhZ gkfly djuk vkSj bl çdkj gennks± ds ny dk fuekZ.k djukA lHkh lnL;ksa dks çR;sd çkUr ds fofHkUu ft+yksa ds çHkkjh laxBudrkvZ ksa }kjk Hkjrh fd;k tk;sxkA çR;sd lnL; dks viuk iwjk le; ,lksfl,'ku ds dkeksa dks nsus vkSj t+:jr iM+us ij viuh tku dks tksf[ke esa Mkyus ds fy, rS;kj jguk gkxs kA mls ft+yk laxBudrkZ ds vkns'kksa dk v{kj'k% ikyu djuk gksxkA 508 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

mls viuh Lo;a dh igyo+Qneh dk fodkl djuk pkfg, vkSj ;g ;kn j[kuk pkfg, fd ,lksfl,'ku dh liQyrk mlds ,d&,d lnL;ksa dh lw>cw>] igyo+Qneh vkSj nkf;Rocksèk ij dki+Qh dqN fuHkZj djrh gSA mldk O;ogkj bl çdkj dk gksuk pkfg, fd tksfd mls è;s; ds ckjs esa iwokZxzg u o+Qk;e djs ftlds fy, mldk ,lksfl,'ku yxk gqvk gS vkSj bl laxBu dks çR;{k ;k ijks{k :i ls uqo+Qlku igq¡pkus okys O;ogkj ls nwj jguk pkfg,A ft+yk laxBudrkZ dh lgefr ds cx+Sj bl ,lksfl,'ku dk dksbZ Hkh lnL; fdlh Hkh nwljs laxBu ls lEcUèk ugha j[k ldsxkA dksbZ Hkh lnL; ft+yk laxBudrkZ dks crk;s cx+Sj viuh txg dks ugha NkMs xs+ kA çR;sd lnL; dks bl ckr dh Hkjld dksf'k'k djuh gksxh fd og iqfyl ;k turk dh fuxkg esa ØkfUrdkjh tekr ls lEcUèk j[kus ds fy, lUnsg ds ?ksjs esa u vk tk;sA çR;sd lnL; dks ;g ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd mldk viuk O;ogkj vkSj x+yfr;k¡ lewps laxBu dks fou\"V djus dh vksj ys tk ldrh gSaA dksbZ Hkh lnL; tgk¡ rd mlds lkoZtfud thou dk lEcUèk gS] ft+yk laxBudrkZ ls dqN Hkh ugha fNik;sxkA xí+ kjh djus okys lnL;kas dks fu\"dklu ;k ekrS ds }kjk nf.Mr fd;k tk;xs kA n.M nsus dk vfèkdkj iwjh rjg ls ¶çk- l-¸ ds ikl gksxkA ifjf'k\"V @ 509

ifjf'k\"V % rhu xkè¡ khth ds uke 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky dk [kqyk i=k eSa le>rk gw¡ fd ;g esjk nkf;Ro gS fd eSa vkidks ml okns dh ;kn fnykÅ¡ ftls fd vkius dqN le; igys fd;k Fkk fd tc ØkfUrdkjh ,d ckj fiQj viuh pqIih rksM+dj Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ds {ks=k esa nkf[k+y gksaxs rks vki jktuhfr ds {ks=k ls laU;kl ys ysaxsAA v¯glkoknh vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dk ç;ksx vc [k+Re gks pdq k gAS vki vius ç;kxs ds fy, ijw k ,d lky pkgrs Fk]s yfs du ç;kxs vxj ik¡p ugha rks de ls de iwjs pkj lkyksa rd pyk] vkSj D;k vHkh Hkh vki ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd ;g dki+Qh yEcs le; rd ugha pyk gS\\ vki orZeku ;qx ds egkure O;fDrRoksa esa ls ,d gSa vkSj vkids çR;{k ekxnZ 'kuZ ,oa çsj.kk ds rgr vkids dk;ØZ e dks okLro esa ,d ;k nwljs dkj.k ls ns'k ds loZJs\"B yksxksa }kjk vkxs c<+k;k x;kA gt+kjksa ukStokuksa] gekjs ns'k ds ;qokvksa us vkids dYV (O;fDr&iwtk) dks vius lewps mRlkg ls xys yxk;kA O;ogkj esa lewps jk\"Vª us vkids vkàku dk mÙkj fn;kA ;g dguk x+yr ugha gksxk fd turk dh ;g çfrfØ;k peRdkfjd ugha rks vlkèkkj.k vo'; FkhA blls vfèkd vki D;k pkgrs\\ vkids vuq;kf;;ksa esa cfynku vkSj bZekunkjh dh deh u Fkh] lokZfèkd LokFkhZ is'ksoj yksxksa us vius is'kksa dk R;kx dj fn;k] ns'k ds ;qokvksa us viuh leLr lkalkfjd lEHkkoukvksa dk R;kx djds vkids >.Ms rys ,df=kr 'kfDr;kas eas 'kkfey gks x;]s #i;&s ilS s dh vken ugha gksus ls gt+kjksa ifjokj daxky gks x;sA iSls dh deh u FkhA vki ,d djksM+ #i;k pkgrs Fks vkSj vkidks mlls vfèkd feyk ftruk fd vki pkgrs FksA oLrqr% vxj eSa dgw¡ fd vkids vkàku dk çR;qÙkj Lo;a vkidh mEehn ls Hkh vfèkd Fkk rks lEHkor% eSa cgqr x+yr ugha gksÅ¡xkA eSa ;g dguk pkgw¡xk fd Hkkjr us viuh ;ksX;rk ds vuqlkj Hkjld vkidk vuqlj.k fd;k vkSj eSa le>rk gw¡ fd bl ckr ls 'kk;n gh bUdkj fd;k tk lds vkSj vHkh Hkh vki 510 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd ç;ksx i;kZIr le; rd ugha pyk\\ njvly] vkidk dk;ZØe foiQy jgk gS ftlesa Hkkjrh;ksa dh dksbZ x+yrh ugha gSA vkids ikl ns'k ds fy, dsoy ,d dk;ZØe gS ysfdu vki fot;h y{; rd jk\"Vª dks ugha ys tk ldrsA ;g dguk fd v¯gld vlg;ksx blfy, foiQy jgk fd yksx i;kZIr ek=kk esa v¯gld ugha Fks] odhy dh Hkk¡fr rdZ djuk gS u fd iSx+Ecj dh Hkk¡frA yksx mlls vfèkd v¯gld ugha gks ldrs ftruk fd fiNys dqN o\"kks± ds nkSjku jgs gSaA eSa ;g dguk pkgw¡xk fd os ml gn rd v¯gld Fks] tgk¡ ls dk;jrk dh cw vkrh gSA vki lEHkor% ;g dgsaxs fd ;g og v¯glk] dk;jksa dh v¯glk ugha Fkh tksfd vkidk vHkh\"V FkhA cfYd vkids dk;ZØe esa og ckr gh ugha Fkh tksfd dk;jksa dks uk;dksa esa :ikUrfjr dj ikrh ;k tks uk;dksa ds lewgksa ds chp ls dk;jksa dk irk yxkdj vUrrksxRok mUgsa [k+kfjt dj nsrhA blesa turk dh dksbZ x+yrh ugha FkhA vkSj ;g dguk fd vlg;ksx vkUnksyu esa 'kkfey yksxksa dh cgqla[;k uk;dksa dh ugha oju dk;jksa dh Fkh] ft+Eesnkfj;ksa ls iYyk >kM+uk gSA ;g dguk jk\"Vª ds ikS#\"k ds lkFk f[kyokM+ djus tSlk dgha vfèkd gSA Hkkjrh; dk;j ugha gSaA mudh cgknqjh dh rqyuk ges'kk gh fo'o ds loZJs\"B uk;dksa dh cgknqjh ds lkFk dh tk ldsxhA bl ckr ls bUdkj djuk bfrgkl ls bUdkj djuk gSA tc eSa Hkkjrh;ksa dh ohjrk dh ckr djrk gw¡ rks esjk eryc xkSjo'kkyh vrhr dh tkToY;eku ohjrk ls gh ugha gksrk oju eSa ml ohjrk dks Hkh 'kkfey djrk gw¡ tksfd Lo;a dks orZeku esa çdV dj jgh gS D;ksafd Hkkjr esa vHkh Hkh eqjns ugha clrsA Hkkjr dks xq# xksfcUn ¯lg ;k xq# jkenkl vkSj f'kokth tSls usrk dh rjg vlyh usrk dh vko';drk gSA Hkkjr dks ,d Ñ\".k dh vko';drk gS tksfd mfpr vkn'kZ çnku dj lds_ ftldk vuqlj.k vdsys Hkkjr gh ugha oju lkjh ekuork }kjk bl ekuork ds fofoèk fetk+ tkas ,oa {kerkvkas okys lHkh lnL;kas }kjk fd;k tkuk okyk gksA v¯gld vlg;kxs vkUnkys u blfy, ugha foiQy gvq k fd ;=k&r=k nch gbq Z Hkkouk,¡ iQwV iM+ha oju blfy, foiQy gqvk fd vkUnksyu ds ikl mfpr vkn'kZ dk vHkko FkkA vkids }kjk crk;k tkus okyk vkn'kZ Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ,oa ijEijkvksa ds vuq:i ugha gSA mlesa uo+Qy dh cw vkrh gSA v¯glk dk vkidk n'kZu] de ls de og n'kZu ftls vki yksxksa dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, dgrs gSa] grk'kk ls mitk gqvk n'kZu gSA ;g Hkkjrh; Íf\"k;ksa dh v¯glk dh Hkkouk ugha gSA ;g VkWyLVk;okn vkSj ckS¼&èkeZ dk viw.kZ HkkSfrd feJ.k gS u fd iwjc vkSj if'pe dk jklk;fud feJ.kA vkius dkaxzslksa ,oa lEesyuksa dh if'peh i¼fr dks viuk;k vkSj ns'k&dky ls fujis{k jgdj v¯glk dh Hkkouk dks ifjf'k\"V @ 511

Lohdkj djus ds fy, lewps jk\"Vª dks rS;kj djus dh dksf'k'k dhA ysfdu ;g Hkkouk Hkkjrh;ksa ds fy, esa O;fDrxr lkèkuk dk ekeyk FkkA vkSj loksZifj rkSj ij Hkkjr ds vfUre jktuhfrd y{; dh ckcr vkidh le> lki+Q ugha Fkh vkjS Hkh vLi\"V cuh gqbZ gAS ;g nq[kn fLFkfr gAS LorU=krk dk vkidk fopkj Hkkjrh; vkn'kk±s ls eys ugha [kkrk gAS Hkkjr loeZ ijo'e n[q ke~ loeZ Roele l[q ke vkjS bl vkns'k dh fgek;r djrk gS fd O;fDr dk vfLrRo iw.kZr;k ekuork ds mís'; ds fy, gksrk gS vkSj ekuork ds tfj;s bZ'oj dh lsok gksrh gS] txrkfFkRep] Ñ\".kek pA og v¯glk ftldk Hkkjr mins'k nsrk gS v¯glk ds fy, v¯glk ugha g]S oju ekuork dh HkykbZ ds fy, v¯glk gS vkjS tc ekuork dh HkykbZ ¯glk vkjS jDr&ikr dh ek¡x djsxh rks Hkkjr [+kwu cgkus ls mlh çdkj ugha fgpfdpk;sxk ftl çdkj ls 'kY;fØ;k ls [+kwu cgkus dh vko';drk mRiUu dj nsrh gAS vkn'kZ Hkkjrh; ds fy, ¯glk ;k v¯glk dk ,d tlS k egÙo gksrk gS] c'krsZ fd muls vUrrksxRok ekuork dh HkykbZ gksrh gksA fouk'kk; p nq\"Ñrke~ O;FkZ esa gh ugha dgk x;k gSA vr,o ejs s fopkj eas vkids }kjk jk\"Vª ds lEe[q k j[kk x;k vkn'kZ ;k vkids }kjk mlds lkeus çLrqr fd;k x;k dkjZokbZ dk dk;ZØe u rks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr ds vuq:i gS vkSj u gh jktuhfrd dk;ZØe ds rkSj ij vey esa ykus ;ksX;A ;g lkspuk cl vdYiuh; vkSj vcksèkxE; gS fd vki vHkh Hkh FkksM+h&cgqr ;g vk'kk ikys gq, gSa fd baXyS.M viuh Lo;a dh bPNk ls U;k;iw.kZ vkSj mnkj gks ldrk gS μ ;g baXyS.M ^tksfd vkRej{kk ds oSèk mik; ds rkSj ij tfy;k¡okyk ckx+ ujlagkj* esa ;o+Qhu djrk gS]* ;g ftlus baXyS.M vksMk;j μ uk;j ekeys dh lquokbZ dh vkSj ccZjrk ds i{k esa i+QSlyk lquk;kA vxj vki ds eu esa fczfV'k ljdkj dh ln~cqf¼ esa ys'kek=k Hkh vkLFkk cph gqbZ gS rks vkids vuqlkj fdlh dk;ZØe dh vko';drk gh vkf[k+j D;k gS\\ vxj fczfV'k ljdkj dks gks'k esa ykus ds fy, fdlh vkUnksyu dh vko';drk gS] rks fiQj fczfV'k ljdkj dh bZekunkjh vkSj usd bjknksa dh ckr D;ksa dh tk;s\\ eq>s yxrk gS fd vkids Hkhrj dk iSx+Ecj ej pqdk gS vkSj vki ,d ckj fiQj det+ksj ekeys dh iSjoh djus okys odhy gSa_ ;k lEHkor% vki ges'kk ls Hkk\";dkj jgs gSa μ dsoy v¼Z&lR;ksa ds μ t+ksjnkj O;k[;kdkjA nqfu;k ds nwljs LorU=k jk\"Vªksa ds lkFk x¡BtksM+ ;k egkla?k esa leçHkq LorU=k Hkkjrh; x.krU=k ,d ckr gS vkSj bl lkezkT;oknh fczfV'k lkezkT; ds Hkhrj Lo'kkflr Hkkjr iw.kZr;k nwljh ckr gSA fczfV'k lkezkT; ds Hkhrj cus jgus dh vkidh Hkkouk cgqrsjh Hk;adj Hkwyksa esa ls ,d dh ;kn fnykrh gS] fd vkius feF;k vkSfpR; dh orZeku t+:jrksa ds lkFk cs'ko+Qherh vkn'kZ dk le>kSrk fd;k gS] vkSj ;gh og dkj.k gS fd vki ns'k 512 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ds ;qokvksa dh dYiuk'khyrk vkÑ\"V djus esa foiQy jgs gSa μ ;s os ;qok gSa tks fnysjh fn[kk ldrs Fks vkSj tks vHkh Hkh vkidh bPNkvksa ds f[+kyki+Q tkus dh fnysjh fn[kk jgs gSaA gkyk¡fd os csfgpd bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs gSa fd vki vkèkqfud ;qx dh egkure 'kf[+l;rksa esa ls ,d gSaA ;s Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh gSaA mUgksaus vc vkSj vfèkd [k+keks'k ugha jgus dk i+QSlyk fd;k gS] vr,o os vkils jktuhfr ds {ks=k ls vodk'k ysus dk vuqjksèk djrs gSa] vFkok jktuhfrd vkUnksyu dks bl çdkj ls funsZf'kr djsa ftlls fd ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dks mlls enn gkfly gks u fd mlds ekxZ esa #dkoV iSnk gksA vHkh rd mu yksxksa us çR;{k ;k ijk{s k :i ls vkids vujq kès k dks Lohdkj djrs g,q viuh xfrfofèk;kas dks LFkfxr j[kk gS ij vc os vkxs c<+ pqds gSaA okLro esa mu yksxksa us viuh vksj ls vkidks vius dk;ZØe dks vey esa ykus esa Hkjld lgk;rk çnku dh gSA ysfdu vc ç;ksx [k+Re gks pqdk gS] fygkt+k ØkfUrdkjh yksx vius okns ls vkt+kn gSaA oLrqr% mUgksaus dsoy lkyHkj ds fy, pqi jgus dk oknk fd;k Fkk] blls vfèkd le; ds fy, ughaA vkxs] eSa bl ckr dk mYys[k djuk pkgw¡xk fd tc vkius 39oha dkaxzsl esa vius gkfy;k vè;{kh; lEcksèku esa ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ij nks\"kkjksi.k fd;k Fkk rks vkius dbZ igyqvksa ls mudk x+yr ewY;kadu fd;k FkkA vkius dgk fd ØkfUrdkjh Hkkjr dh çxfr esa ckèkk Mky jgs gSaA eq>s ugha irk fd ^çxfr* 'kCn ls vkidk eryc D;k gSA vxj vkidk eryc jktuhfrd çxfr ls gS rks D;k vki blls bUdkj dj ldrs gSa fd Hkkjr }kjk igys gh gkfly dh tk pqdh çR;sd jktuhfrd çxfr] fiQj og pkgs ekewyh gh D;ksa u gks] eq[;r;k ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dh o+QqckZfu;ksa ,oa ç;Ruksa ds }kjk gkfly gqbZ gS\\ D;k vkidks blls bUdkj gS fd caxky dk foHkktu caxky ds ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds ç;klksa ls jí gqvk\\ D;k vkidks bl ckr esa lUnsg gS fd eksysZ&fe.Vks lqèkkj Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dk iQy gS] tSlkfd eks.Vi+QksMZ lqèkkj dks vey esa ykus esa vxj iwjh rjg ugha rks eq[; Hkwfedk vo'; Fkh\\ vxj vki bu ç'uksa dk ldkjkRed mÙkj nsrs gSa rks eq>s cgqr vfèkd gSjkuh ugha gksxh ysfdu eSa vkidks ;o+Qhu fnyk ldrk gw¡ fd fczfV'k ljdkj dks bl vkUnksyu ds lEHkkouklEiUu gksus dk vglkl gSA ;gk¡ rd fd LoxhZ; eksa'ksX;w us ,d tkus&ekus Hkkjrh; ls ;g ckr dgh Fkh fd egt ;qok Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds pyrs gh mUgksaus Hkkjr vkus dh tger mBkbZ vkSj vius çk.kksa dks tksf[ke esa MkykA vxj vki ;g dgrs gSa fd esa lqèkkj lPph çxfr ds lwpd ugha gSa rks eSa ;g dguk pkgx¡w k fd bl ØkfUrdkjh vkUnkys u us Hkkjr dh ufS rd mUufr eas dkbs Z de çxfr ugha gkfly dh gSA Hkkjrh; ekSr dks ysdj n;uh; :i ls Hk;Hkhr ifjf'k\"V @ 513

jgrs gSa vkSj bl ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ us ,d ckj fiQj Hkkjrh;ksa dks mnkÙk è;s; ds fy, ejus eas fufgr HkO;rk vkjS lkUS n;Z dk vglkl djk;kA ØkfUrdkfj;kas us ,d ckj fiQj ;g çn£'kr fd;k fd e`R;q dk Hkh dNq vkd\"k.Z k gkrs k gS vkjS og ge's kk Hk;kog pht+ ugha gksrhA vius Lo;a ds fo'oklksa vkSj vkLFkk ds fy, ejuk] bl psruk ds lkFk ekSr dks xys yxkuk fd bl rjg ls ejdj og bZ'oj vkSj jk\"Vª dh lsok dj jgk gS] ,sls è;s; ds fy, ftl ds U;k;ksfpr vkSj oSèk gksus dk gesa bZekunkjh ds lkFk fo'okl gksrk gS] ekSr dks Lohdkj djuk ;k tku dks ml le; tksf[ke esa Mkyuk tcfd ekSr dh iwjh lEHkkouk gks D;k ;g dksbZ uSfrd çxfr ugha gS\\ ;gk¡ rd fd foijhr ifjfLFkfr;kas vkjS {kf.kd foiQyrkvkas eas Hkh vius I;kjs vkn'kZ dks ugha NksM+uk μ {kf.kd mÙkstukvksa vkSj fdlh vkd\"kZd O;fDrRo ds çdjr% mnkÙk fl¼kUrksa ds cgdkos esa ugha yEch o+SQn ck&e'kD+o+Qr ls fopfyr ugha gkus k] lkyk&as lky viuh vUrjkRek ds çfr lPps cus jguk μ ;g mí's ; dh n`<+rk] pfj=k dh ;g et+cwrh ml lPph uSfrd çxfr dk lwpd ugha gS] ftls Hkkjr us gkfly fd;k gS\\ vkSj D;k ;g ØkfUrdkjh vkn'kks± dk Li\"V ifj.kke ugha gS\\ vkius ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ls dgk gS] ¶gks ldrk gS fd vkidks vius thou dh ijokg u gks ysfdu vki vius mu ns'kokfl;ksa dh vuns[kh ugha dj ldrs ftudh 'kghn dh ekSr ejus dh dksbZ bPNk ugha gSA¸ vycÙkk] ØkfUrdkjh bl okD; ds vFkZ dks le>us esa nq[kn :i ls foiQy jgs gSaA D;k vkids dgus dk eryc ;g gS fd D;k ØkfUrdkjh mu 70 yksxksa dh ekSr ds fy, ft+Eesnkj gSa ftUgsa fd pkSjh&pkSjk eqo+Qnes esa iQk¡lh dh lt+k lquk;h x;h\\ D;k vkids dgus dk eryc ;g gS fd tfy;k¡okyk ckx vkSj xqtjk¡okyk esa ceckjh vkSj eklweksa dh gR;k ds fy, ØkfUrdkjh ft+Eesnkj gSa\\ D;k ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us fiNys chl o\"kks± esa vius la?k\"kZ ds nkSjku ;k ekStwnk le; esa Hkw[ks&uaxs yksxksa ls dHkh ØkfUrdkjh la?k\"kZ esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, dgk gS\\ lEHkor% vfèkdrj orZeku usrkvksa ds eqo+Qkcys ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks tu&euksfoKku dk vfèkd Kku gSA vkSj ;gh otg Fkh fd mUgksaus rc rd voke dks vius lkFk dHkh ugha ysuk pkgk tc rd os viuh Lo;a dh 'kfDr dks ysdj vk'oLr ugha gks x;sA mudk ges'kk ls fo'okl jgk gS fd mÙkj Hkkjr dh turk fdlh Hkh vkikr fLFkfr ds fy, rS;kj gS vkSj mudk ;g lkspuk Hkh lgh gS fd mÙkj Hkkjr dh turk vR;Ur ?kuhHkwr foLiQkVs d inkFkZ gS ftlds lkFk lH¡ kkydj i's k vkuk pkfg,A turk dh Hkkoukvkas dk x+yr vkdyu rks vki vkSj vkids lg;ksfx;ksa us fd;k Fkk tks mUgsa lR;kxzg vkUnksyu esa ?klhV ys x;sA Hkhrj vkSj ckgj ls gt+kjksa mRihM+u >sy jgs yksxksa dk 514 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

X+kqLlk HkM+d mBuk LokHkkfod gh Fkk] vkSj vkidks bldh o+Qher pqdkuh gh FkhA ysfdu D;k vki ,slk dksbZ mnkgj.k ns ldrs gSa tgk¡ ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us vfuPNqd yksxksa dks ekSr dh ?kkVh esa èkdsyk gks\\ ysfdu vxj bl okD; ls vkidk ;g eryc gS fd ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds dkj.k funksZ\"k yksxksa dks lrk;k] o+SQn fd;k vkSj ekjk tk jgk gS] rks eSa csfgpd vkSj bZekunkjh ls Lohdkj d:¡xk fd tgk¡ rd esjh tkudkjh gS] ,sls ,d Hkh O;fDr dks iQk¡lh ugha nh x;h tks fdlh ØkfUrdkjh dkjZokbZ ls funksZ\"k Fkk_ vkSj fxjÝ+rkfj;ksa rFkk ;krukvksa ds ckjs esa eSa dg ldrk gw¡ fd funksZ\"k L=kh&iq#\"kksa dks okLro esa o+SQn fd;k x;k vkSj ;kruk,¡ nh x;haA ysfdu D;k fon's kh ljdkj }kjk fd;s x;s vR;kpkj ds fy, ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ dks nk\"s kh Bgjk;k tk ldrk gS\\ fons'kh ljdkj jk\"Vª esa ikS#\"k dh gj vfHkO;fDr dks dqpy nsus ij vkeknk gAS ysfdu bl rjg dqpyus ds nkjS ku ljdkj Hk;adj Hkwysa djsxh vkjS ohjksa ds lkFk gh dk;jksa dks Hkh o+SQn esa Mkysxh vkSj ;kruk,¡ nsxhA ysfdu D;k dk;jksa ds nq[kksa ds fy, ns'k ds ohj tu ft+Eesnkj gSa\\ bruk gh ugha] bu nq[kksa dks 'kghn dh ekSr ugha dgk tk ldrkA vUr esa] eSa fczfV'k ljdkj dh 'kfDr ds ckjs esa vkidh fVIif.k;ksa ds ckjs dqN dguk pkgw¡xkA vkius ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ls dgk gS] ¶vki ftUgsa xíh ls gVkuk pkgrs gSa os vkils csgrj <ax ls gfFk;kjcUn gSa vkSj vkils cgqr vf/d vPNh rjg laxfBr gSaA¸ ysfdu D;k ;g 'keZukd ugha gS fd eqV~BhHkj vaxzst+ fgUnqLrku ij jkt dj jgs gSa] fgUnqLrkuh turk dh LorU=k bPNk ls ugha cfYd ryokj ds cy ij\\vkSj vxj vaxzst+ csgrj <ax ls gfFk;kjcUn vkSj laxfBr gks ldrs gSa rks fgUnqLrkuh vkSj Hkh csgrj <ax ls gfFk;kjcUn vkSj laxfBr D;ksa ugha gks ldrs μ os fgUnqLrkuh tks mPp vkfRed Hkkouk ls vksr&çksr gaS\\ fgUnqLrkuh Hkh mlh rjg euq\"; gSa ftl rjg vaxzst+ gSaA fiQj Hkyk dkSu&lk dkj.k fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dks bruk ykpkj cuk nrs k gS fd os vius vxa tsz + Lokfe;kas ls cgs rj gfFk;kjcUn vkjS lxa fBr ugha gks ldrs\\ fdl rdZ ls vki mu {kerkvksa dh vuns[kh dj ldrs gSa ftuesa ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks iwjk Hkjkslk gS\\ vkSj bl ykpkjxh rFkk grk'kk ls tUeh v¯glk dh Hkkouk 'kfDr'kkyh dh v¯glk] Hkkjrh; Íf\"k;ksa dh v¯glk dHkh ugha gks ldrhA ;g lhèks&lhèks rel gS] vkSj dqN ughaA eq>s {kek djsa egkRekth] ;fn eSaus vkids n'kZu vkSj fl¼kUrksa dh vkykspuk djus esa dqN dM+s 'kCnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k gksA vkius ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh cgqr vlgkuqHkwfriwoZd vkykspuk dh gS vkSj vki ;gk¡ rd pys x;s fd mUgsa ns'k dk 'k=kq rd crk MkykA dsoy blfy, fd os vkids fopkjksa vkSj rjho+Qksa ls erHksn j[krs gaSA vki mUgsa lfg\".kqrk dh lh[k nsrs gaS ysfdu ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dh vkykspuk ifjf'k\"V @ 515

djus esa vki Lo;a vR;Ur vlfg\".kq jgs gSaA ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us ekr`Hkwfe dh lsok ds fy, viuk lcdqN nk¡o ij yxk fn;k g]S vkjS ;fn vki mudh lgk;rk ugha dj ldrs] rks de ls muds çfr vlfg\".kq rks u cusaA 516 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % pkj 'kghn jktUs æukFk ykfgMh+ dk i=k Hkxr¯lg dkdksjh ds 'kghn jktsUæ ykfgM+h ls brus çHkkfor gq, fd vius lcls NksVs HkkbZ] ftldk tUe 1927 esa gqvk] dk uke mUgksaus jktsUæ j[kkA bldk ,d dkj.k ;g Fkk fd jktsUæ ykfgM+h oSpkfjd Lrj ij vius lkfFk;ksa ls vkxs FksA ;g i=k Hkxr¯lg dh fVIi.kh lfgr vDVwcj] 1927 esa ^fdjrh* esa NikA μ l- eSa fiQj tUe yw¡xk dkdksjh \"kM~;U=k dsl esa ftu pkj Hkkb;ksa dks iQk¡lh dh lt+k gqbZ gS muds uke ;s gaS μ 1- jkeçlkn 2- jkftUæukFk ykfgMh+ 3- jk's ku ¯lg 4- v'kiQ+ koQ+ mYyk [kkuA buesa ls jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h] ,e-,- d{kk dk Nk=k FkkA og cukjl fgUnw fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+rk FkkA og 1925 esa idM+k x;k FkkA bldh vihy o jge dh nj[+okLr dh x;h Fkh] ysfdu os lc ukeaT+kwj gks x;haA bl cgknqj HkkbZ us fuEu i=k vius cM+s HkkbZ dks fy[kk gSA esjs fç; HkkbZ! vkt eq>s lqifj.Vs.Ms.V us crk;k fd ok;ljk; us esjh jge dh nj[+okLr ukeaT+kwj dj nh gSA tsy ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj eq>s ,d lIrkg ds Hkhrj iQk¡lh ij p<+k;k tk;sxkA rqEgsa esjs fy, vi+Qlksl ugha djuk pkfg, D;ksafd eSa viuk iqjkuk 'kjhj NksM+dj u;k tUe èkkj.k dj jgk gw¡A vkidks ;gk¡ vkdj eqyko+Qkr djus dh t+:jr ugha] D;ksafd dqN fnu igys gh vki eqyko+Qkr dj pqds gksA tc eSa y[kuÅ esa Fkk rks cfgu us ifjf'k\"V @ 517

nks ckj eqyko+Qkr dh FkhA lHkh dks esjh vksj ls ç.kke vkSj yM+dksa dks I;kjA vkidk fç; jktsUæukFk ykfgM+h bl i=k us gesa fiQj djrkj ¯lg ljkHkk vkSj HkkbZ ¯ixys vkfn dk le; ;kn fnyk fn;k gS vkSj gekjs iqjkus ?kkoksa dks gjk dj fn;k gSA 518 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % ik¡p 'kghn jkeçlkn fcfLey dk vfUre lUns'k fnlEcj 1927 esa dkdksjh ds pkj ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks iQk¡lh ns nh x;hA tuojh] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa Hkxr¯lg us ^foæksgh* uke ls bu ij dqN ys[k Niok;sA ;g mUgha esa ls ,d gSA blesa Hkxr¯lg us fcfLey ds vfUre lUns'k dks çLrqr fd;k gSA μ l- vkius ,d ys[k ^fut&thou ?kVk* fy[kk Fkk tks xksj[kiqj ds ^Lons'k* v[k+ckj esa Nik FkkA mlh dks la{ksi esa ge ikBdksa dh lsok esa j[k jgs gSa] rkfd os tku ldsa fd mu ØkfUrdkjh ohjksa ds 'kgknr ds le; D;k fopkj FksA vki 16 rkjh[k+ dks fy[krs gSa μ 19 rkjh[k+ lqcg lk<+s Ng cts iQk¡lh dk le; fuf'pr gks pqdk gSA dksbZ fpUrk ugha] bZ'oj dh Ñik ls eSa ckj&ckj tUe yw¡xk vkSj esjk mís'; gksxk fd lalkj esa iw.kZ LorU=krk gks] fd çÑfr dh nsu ij lcdk ,d&lk vfèkdkj gks fd dksbZ fdlh ij 'kklu u djsA lHkh txg yksxksa ds vius iapk;rh jkT; LFkkfir gksaA vc eSa mu ckrksa dk mYys[k dj nsuk t+:jh le>rk gw¡ tks ls'ku tt ds 6 vçSy] 1927 ds i+QSlys ds ckn dkdksjh ds o+QSfn;ksa ds lkFk gqb±A 18 tqykbZ dks voèk phiQ dksVZ esa vihy gqbZA og fli+QZ ekSr dh lt+k ik;s pkj o+QSfn;ksa dh vksj ls FkhA ysfdu iqfyl dh vksj ls lt+k c<+kus dh vihy gqbZA fiQj cko+Qh o+QSfn;ksa us Hkh vihy dj nh] ysfdu Jh 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky] Jh Hkiw Us æukFk lkU;ky vkjS boQ+ ckfy;k xokg cuokjhyky us vihy ugha dh Fkh vkjS fiQj ç.ko pVthZ us bo+Qcky dj fy;k vkSj vihy okil ys yhA iQk¡lhokyksa dh lt+k cgky jgh vkSj Jh tksxs'kpUæ pVthZ] Jh xksfoUnpj.k D;w vkSj Jh eqdUnhyky th dks nl lky dh mezo+SQn gks x;hA Jh lqjs'kpUn HkV~Vkpk;Z vkSj Jh fo\".k'q kj.k ncq fyl dh ltk+ 7&7 lky ls c<k+ dj 10&10 lky dj nh x;hA ifjf'k\"V @ 519

jkeukFk ik.Ms dh rhu lky vkSj ç.kos'k dh o+SQn pkj lky jg x;hA çsefd'ku [kUuk ij ls MdSrh dh lt+k de dj ik¡p o\"kZ o+SQn jg x;hA cko+Qh lcdh vihysa [k+kfjt dj nh x;haA v'ki+Qko+Q dh ekSr dh lt+k cuh jgh] 'kphUæukFk c['kh us vihy gh ugha dh FkhA vihy ls igys euaS s xoujZ ds ikl çkFkuZ ki=k fy[k Hkts k Fkk ftleas euaS s dgk Fkk fd eSa xqIr \"kM~;U=kksa esa fgLlk u fy;k d:¡xk vkSj dksbZ lEcUèk Hkh muls ugha j[kw¡xkA jge dh vihy esa Hkh bl çkFkZuki=k dk ft+Ø dj fn;k FkkA ysfdu ttksa us dksbZ è;ku nsuk t+:jh u le>kA tsy ls viuk cpko eSaus [+kqn fy[kdj phiQ dksVZ esa Hkstk] ysfdu ttksa us dgk fd ;g cpko jkeçlkn dk fy[kk gqvk ugha] t+:j fdlh cM+s l;kus vkneh dh enn ls fy[kk x;k gSA mYVs mUgksaus ;g dgk fn;k fd jkeçlkn cM+k Hk;kud ØkfUrdkjh gS vkSj ;fn fjgk gqvk rks fiQj ogh dke djsxkA mUgksaus (esjh) cqf¼eÙkk&le>nkjh vkfn dh ç'kalk djus ds ckn dgk fd ;g ,d ,slk fun;Z h o+Qkfry g]S tks mu ij Hkh xksyh pyk ldrk gS ftlds lkFk mldh dksbZ nq'euh ugha gSA [k+Sj! o+Qye muds gkFk Fkh] tks pkgrs og fy[krsA ysfdu phiQ dksVZ ds i+QSlys ls Li\"V irk pyrk gS fd cnyk ysus ds fopkj ls gh gesa iQk¡lh dh lt+k nh x;h gSA vihy [k+kfjt gks x;h_ fiQj ykV lkfgc vkSj ok;ljk; ds ikl jge dk çkFkZuki=k fn;k x;kA Jh jkftUæukFk ykfgM+h] Jh v'ki+Qko+QmYyk [kku] Jh jks'ku ¯lg vkSj jkeçlkn dh ekSr dh lt+k cnyus ds fy, ;w-ih- dkSafly ds yxHkx lHkh puq s g,q lnL;kas ds gLrk{kj ls ,d çkFkuZ ki=k fn;k x;kA ejs s firk ds ç;Rukas ls 250 vkujsjh eftLVªsVksa vkSj cM+s&cM+s t+ehankjksa ds gLrk{kjksa lfgr ,d vyx çkFkZuki=k fn;k x;kA vlsEcyh vkSj dkSafly vkWi+Q LVsV ds 108 lnL;ksa us Hkh gekjh ekSr dh lt+k cnyus ds fy, ok;ljk; ds ikl çkFkZuki=k fn;kA mUgksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd tt us dgk Fkk fd ;fn ;s yksx i'pkrki djsa rks lt+k,¡ cgqr de dj nh tk;saxhA pkjksa vksj ls bruh ?kks\"k.kk,¡ gks pqdh Fkha] ysfdu ,d fljs ls nwljs fljs rd lHkh gekjs jDr ds I;kls Fks vkSj ok;ljk; us Hkh gekjh ,d u lquhA if.Mr enueksgu ekyoh; th dbZ vkSj lTtuksa dks ysdj ok;ljk; ls feysA lcdks mEehn Fkh fd vc t+:j ekSr dh lt+k gVk yh tk;sxhA ysfdu D;k gksuk FkkA pqipki n'kgjs ls nks fnu igys lHkh tsyksa esa rkj ns nh x;h fd iQk¡lh dh rkjh[k+ fuf'pr gks x;h gSA tc tsy ds lqifj.Vs.Ms.V us ;g rkj eq>s luq k;h rks euaS s dgk] vPNk! vki viuk dke djkAs yfs du muds tk+ js nds j dgus ls ,d jge dh rkj ckn'kkg dks Hkst nhA ml le; fçoh dkSafly esa vihy 520 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

djus dk fopkj Hkh eu esa vk;kA Jh eksguyky lDlsuk odhy dks rkj nh x;hA tc mUgsa crk;k x;k fd ok;ljk; us lHkh dh nj[+okLrsa ukeaT+kwj dj nh gSa rks fdlh dks ;o+Qhu gh ugha gks jgk FkkA muls dg&lqudj fçoh dkSafly esa vihy djok;h x;hA ifj.kke igys gh irk Fkk] vihy [k+kfjt gks x;hA vc loky mBsxk fd lcdqN igys ls gh tkurs gq, eSaus eki+Qhukek] jge dh nj[+okLr] vihyksa ij vihysa D;ksa fy[k&fy[k Hkstha\\ eq>s rks bldk ,d gh dkj.k le> esa vkrk gS fd jktuhfr ,d 'krjat dk [ksy gSA ljdkj us caxky vk£Musal ds o+QSfn;ksa lEcUèkh vlsEcyh esa t+ksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd muds f[k+yki+Q cM+s lcwr gSa] tks xokgksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, ge [kqyh vnkyr esa is'k ugha djrsA gkykf¡ d nf{k.k's oj cedk.M vkjS 'kkHs kk cktk+ j \"kM~;U=k ds eoq Q+ nes [kyq h vnkyr esa pysA [+kqfi+Q;k iqfyl ds lqifj.Vs.Ms.V dks ekjus dk eqo+Qnek Hkh [kqyh vnkyr esa pykA dkdksjh dsl Hkh Ms<+ lky pyk ljdkj dh vksj ls 300 xokg is'k gq,A dHkh fdlh xokg ij eqlhcr u vk;h] gkyk¡fd ;g Hkh dgk x;k Fkk fd dkdkjs h \"kM~;U=k dh 'k#q vkr cxa ky eas gbq AZ ljdkjh ?kk\"s k.kkvkas dh ikys [kkys us dh bPNk ls gh eSaus ;g lc fd;kA eki+Qhukes Hkh fy[ks] vihysa Hkh dha] ysfdu D;k gksuk FkkA vlfy;r rks ;g gS fd tksjkoj ekjs Hkh vkSj jksus Hkh u nsA gekjs ft+Unk jgus ls dgha foæksg ugha gks pyk FkkA vc rd ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds fy, fdlh us bruh Hkkjh fli+Qkfj'k ugha dh Fkh] ysfdu ljdkj dks blls D;k\\ mls viuh rko+Qr ij ukt+ gS] vius cy ij vgadkj gSA lj fofy;e ekSfjl us Lo;a 'kkgtgk¡iqj vkSj bykgkckn ds naxksa esa ekSr dh lt+k ikus okyksa dh ekSr dh lt+k,¡ eki+Q dh Fkha] tcfd ogk¡ jkst+ naxs gksrs FksA ;fn gekjh lt+k de djus ls vkSjksa dh fgEer c<+rh gS rks ;gh ckr lkEçnkf;d naxksa lEcUèkh Hkh dgh tk ldrh gSA ysfdu ;gk¡ ekeyk gh dqN vkSj FkkA vkt çk.k mRlxZ djrs gq, eq>s dksbZ fujk'kk ugha gks jgh fd ;g O;FkZ x;sA cfynku dHkh O;FkZ ugha tkrsA D;k irk gekjs tSls yksxksa dh B.Mh vkgksa ls gh ;g ifj.kke gqvk fd ykWMZ cdZu gSM ds fnekx+ esa fgUnqLrku dh t+athjsa tdM+us ds fopkj vk;k vkSj mlus jkW;y deh'ku Hkstk] ftlds ck;dkV ds fy, fgUnw&eqlyekuksa esa fiQj dqN ,drk gks jgh gSA bZ'oj djs fd budks 'kh?kz gh ln~cqf¼ vk;s vkSj ;g fiQj ,d gks tk;saA gekjh vihy ukeaT+kwj gksrs gh eSaus Jh eksguyky lDlsuk ls dgk Fkk fd bl ckj gekjh ;knxkj eukus ds fy, fgUnw&eqlyeku usrkvksa dks bdV~Bk cqyk;k tk;sA v'ki+Qko+QmYyk dks ljdkj us jkeçlkn dk nk;k¡ gkFk crk;k gSA v'ki+Qko+Q dV~Vj eqlyeku gksrs gq, Hkh jkeçlkn tSls dV~Vj vk;Zlekth dk ØkfUr esa nkfguk gkFk gks ldrk gS rks D;k Hkkjr ds vU; fgUnw&eqlyeku vkt+knh ds fy, ifjf'k\"V @ 521

vius NkVs &s ekVs s ykHk Hkyq k ,d ugha gks ldr\\s v'kiQ+ koQ+ rks igys ,ls s elq yeku gSa ftUgsa fd caxkyh ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds lEcUèk esa iQk¡lh nh tk jgh gSA bZ'oj us esjh iqdkj lqu yhA esjk dke [k+Re gks x;kA eSaus eqlyekuksa esa ls ,d ukStoku fudkydj fgUnqLrku dks ;g fn[kk fn;k gS fd eqfLye ukStoku Hkh fgUnw ukStokuksa ls c<+&p<+dj ns'k ds fy, cfynku ns ldrk gS vkSj og lHkh ijh{kkvksa esa liQy gqvkA vc ;g dgus dh fgEer fdlh esa ugha gksuh pkfg, fd eqlyekuksa ij fo'okl ugha djuk pkfg,A ;g igyk rT+kqckZ Fkk tks iwjk gqvkA v'ki+Qko+Q! bZ'oj rqEgkjh vkRek dks 'kkfUr nsA rqeus esjh vkSj ns'k ds lHkh eqlyekuksa dh ykt cpk yh gS ;g fn[kk fn;k gS fd Hkkjr esa Hkh rqdhZ vkSj feÏ tSls eqlyeku ;qod fey ldrs gSaA vc ns'kokfl;ksa ds lkeus ;gh çkFkZuk gS fd ;fn mUgsa gekjs ejus dk t+jk Hkh viQ+ lkls gS rks os tlS s Hkh gk]s fgUn&w efq Lye ,drk LFkkfir djas μ ;gh gekjh vkf[k+jh bPNk Fkh] ;gh gekjh ;knxkj gks ldrh gSA lHkh èkeks± vkSj lHkh ikfVZ;ksa dks dkaxzsl dks gh çfrfufèk ekuuk pkfg,A fiQj og fnu nwj ugha] tc vaxzst+ksa dks Hkkjrh;ksa ds vkxs 'kh'k >qdkuk gksxkA tks dNq eaS dg jgk g]¡w Bhd ogh Jh v'kiQ+ koQ+ mYyk [kk+ u okjlh dk fopkj gAS vihy fy[krs le; y[kuÅ tys eas euaS s muls ckrphr dh FkhA Jh v'kiQ+ koQ+ rks jge dh nj[+okLr nsus ds fy, jkth ugha FksA mUgksaus rks fli+QZ esjh ft+n ij] esjs dgus ij gh ,slk fd;k FkkA ljdkj ls eSaus ;gk¡ rd dgk Fkk fd tc rd mls fo'okl u gks] rc rd eq>s tsy esa o+SQn j[ks ;k fdlh nwljs ns'k esa fuokZflr dj ns] vkSj fgUnqLrku u ykSVus nsA ysfdu ljdkj dks D;k djuk FkkA ljdkj dks ;gh eaT+kwj Fkk fd gesa iQk¡lh t+:j nh tk;s] fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds tys fny ij ued fNM+dk tk;s vkSj os rM+i mBsa_ dqN l¡Hky tk;sa vkSj gekjs iqutZUe ysdj dke ds fy, rS;kj gksus rd ns'k dh gkyr lqèkj x;h gksA vc rks esjh ;gh jk; gS fd vaxzst+h vnkyr ds vkxs u rks dksbZ c;ku ns vkSj u gh dksbZ li+QkbZ is'k djsA vihy djus ds ihNs ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh Fkk fd iQk¡lh dh rkjh[k+ cnyokdj eSa ,d ckj ns'kokfl;ksa dh lgk;rk vkSj uo;qodksa dk ne ns[kw¡A blesa eq>s cgqr fujk'kk gqbZA eSaus fu'p; fd;k Fkk fd lEHko gks rks tsy ls Hkkx tkÅ¡A ;fn ,slk gks ldrk rks cko+Qh rhuksa dh ekSr dh lt+k Hkh eki+Q gks tkrhA ;fn ljdkj u djrh rks eSa djok ysrkA bldk rjho+Qk eq>s [+kwc vkrk FkkA eSaus ckgj fudyus ds fy, cM+s ;Ru fd;s] ysfdu ckgj ls dksbZ lgk;rk ugha feyhA vi+Qlksl rks blh ckr dk gS fd ftl ns'k 522 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

esa eSaus bruk cM+k ØkfUrdkjh ny [kM+k dj fn;k Fkk] ogha viuh j{kk ds fy, eq>s ,d fiLrkSy rd u feykA dksbZ ukStoku esjh lgk;rk ds fy, vkxs ugha vk;kA esjh ukStokuksa ls çkFkZuk gS fd tc rd lHkh yksx i<+&fy[k u tk;sa] rc rd dksbZ Hkh xqIr ikfVZ;ksa dh vksj è;ku ugha nsA ;fn ns'k&lsok dh bPNk gS rks [kqyk dke djsaA O;FkZ ckrsa lqu&lqudj [k+;kyh iqyko idkrs gq, vius thou dks eqlhcrksa esa u MkysaA vHkh xqIr dke dk le; ugha vk;kA gesa bl eqo+Qnes ds nkSjku cM+s vuqHko gq,] ysfdu mudk ykHk mBkus dk volj ljdkj us gesa ugha fn;kA ysfdu bl ckr ds fy, fgUnqLrku vkSj fczfV'k ljdkj cgqr iNrk;xs hA eqyko+Qkr ds le; vkius ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd] ¶ØkfUrdkjh yksxksa esa Hkh fgEer dh cgqr deh gS vkSj turk dh gennhZ vHkh muds lkFk ugha gSA lkFk gh buesa Hkh çkUrh;rk dh Hkkouk cgqr gSA ijLij iwjk fo'okl Hkh ugha gSA¸ bu ckrksa ds dkj.k gekjh gljrsa fny esa gh jg x;haA ekSf[kd :i ls bUdkj djus ls gh eq>s 5000 #i;s uo+Qn vkSj foyk;r Hkst cSfjLVj cuus dk ok;nk fey jgk FkkA ysfdu bl ckr dks ?kksj iki le>dj eSaus bldh vksj è;ku Hkh ugha fn;kA ysfdu vi+Qlksl bl ckr dk gS fd cM+s&cM+s fo'oluh; dgs tkus okys lkfFk;ksa us vius lq[k ds fy, fNi&fNidj ikVhZ dks èkks[kk fn;k vkjS gekjs lkFk nx+k fd;kA ifjf'k\"V @ 523

ifjf'k\"V % Ng 'kghn v'ki+Qko+QmYyk dk iQk¡lh?kj ls lUns'k ;g lUns'k 16 fnlEcj] 1927 dks i+QtS +kckn tsy ls ns'kokfl;ksa ds fy, Hkstk x;kA μ l- Hkkjrekrk ds jaxeap ij ge viuh Hkwfedk vnk dj pqds gSaA x+yr fd;k ;k lgh] tks Hkh geus fd;k] LorU=krk&çkfIr dh Hkkouk ls çsfjr gksdj fd;kA gekjs vius (vFkkrZ dkxa lsz h urs k) gekjh fuUnk djas ;k ç'kla k] yfs du gekjs n'q eukas rd dks gekjh fgEer vkSj ohjrk dh ç'kalk djuh iM+h gSA yksx dgrs gSa geus ns'k eas vkrda okn (Terrorism) iQyS kuk pkgk g]S ;g xy+ r gAS bruh njs rd eoq Q+ nek pyrk jgkA gekjs esa ls cgqr&ls yksx cgqr fnuksa rd vkt+kn jgs vkSj vc Hkh dNq ykxs vktk+ n gaS (lda rs pUæ'k[s kj vktk+ n dh vkjs gAS μ l-) fiQj Hkh geus ;k gekjs fdlh lkFkh us gesa uqo+Qlku igq¡pkus okyksa rd ij xksyh ugha pyk;hA gekjk mís'; ;g ugha FkkA ge rks vkt+knh gkfly djus ds fy, ns'kHkj esa ØkfUr ykuk pkgrs FksA ttksa us gesa funZ;h] ccZj] ekuo&dyadh vkfn fo'ks\"k.kksa ls ;kn fd;k gSA gekjs 'kkldksa dh o+QkSe ds tujy Mk;j us fugRFkksa ij xksfy;k¡ pyk;h Fkha vkSj pyk;h Fkha cPpksa] cw<+ksa] o L=kh&iq#\"kksa ijA bUlki+Q ds bu Bsdsnkjksa us vius bu HkkbZ&cUèkqvksa dks fdl fo'ks\"k.k ls lEcksfèkr fd;k Fkk\\ fiQj gekjs lkFk gh ;g lywd D;ksa\\ fgUnqLrkuh Hkkb;ks! vki pkgs fdlh Hkh èkeZ ;k lEçnk; dks ekuus okys gksa] ns'k ds dke esa lkFk nks! O;FkZ vkil esa u yM+ksA jkLrk pkgs vyx gksa] ysfdu mís'; lcdk ,d gSA lHkh dk;Z ,d gh mís'; dh iw£r ds lkèku gSa] fiQj ;g O;FkZ ds yM+kbZ&>xM+s D;ksa\\ ,d gksdj ns'k dh ukSdj'kkgh dk eqo+Qkcyk djks vius ns'k dks vkt+kn djkvksA ns'k ds lkr djksM+ eqlyekuksa esa eSa igyk 524 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

eqlyeku1 gw¡] tks ns'k dh vkt+knh ds fy, iQk¡lh p<+ jgk gw¡] ;g lkspdj eq>s xoZ eglwl gksrk gSA vUr esa lHkh dks esjk lyke! fgUnqLrku vkt+kn gks! esjs HkkbZ [+kq'k jgsa! vkidk HkkbZ v'kiQ+ koQ+ 1- ,sfrgkfld rF; gS fd ,d lkS ds o+Qjhc eqlyeku x+nj ikVhZ vkUnksyu esa 'kghn gq, vkSj gt+kjksa 1857 ds vkUnksyu esaA ysfdu v'ki+Qko+Q dks det+ksj djus vkSj èkks[kk nsus ds fy, iqfyl us ,d ckj muls dgk Fkk fd 'kghn gksus okys rqe ,dek=k eqlyeku gks] 'kk;n blhfy, mUgksaus ;g fy[kk gSA μ l- ifjf'k\"V @ 525

ifjf'k\"V % lkr oxZ&#fp dk vkUnksyuksa ij vlj flrEcj] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa ^,d fuokZflr* ,e-,- ds uke ls ,d cgqr gh fnypLi ys[k çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA ;g ys[k ykyk gjn;ky dh jpuk gSA Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us bl ij xgjkbZ ls fopkj fd;k FkkA μ l- nqfu;kHkj esa n'kZu'kkL=kksa rFkk Hkzkr`Ro ds mins'k dh lkjh my>uksa vkSj eqlhcrksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh ,d ckr fcYdqy Li\"V :i ls lkeus gSA og ;g fd nqfu;k bl le; vusd oxks± esa c¡Vh gqbZ gSA tks euq\"; bl lPpkbZ dks ut+jvUnkt+ djrk gS ;k tks bZ'oj ds cUnksa dh lPph lsok djuk pkgrk gS og ml T;ksfr\"kh ds leku gS tksfd dksf'k'k ds fl¼kUr rFkk flrkjksa dh x£n'k ls vutku gSA [k+kyh] csodwi+Q vkSj fudEek gSA nqfu;k ds yksx] gkyk¡fd] vUèks Hkh vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd nqfu;k esa vehj vkSj x+jhc nks oxZ gSaA nqfu;kHkj dh Hkk\"kk&cksfy;ksa esa vius&vius vyx&vyx 'kCn bl oxZ&foHkktu dks trkus ds fy, ekStwn gSaA ekfyd vkSj ukSdj] t+ehankj vkSj et+nwj] 'kkld vkSj çtk] iw¡thifr vkSj esgurd'k vkfn 'kCn ml cqjs fo+QLls dh ;kn fnykrs ga]S ftlus nqfu;k ls cUèkqRo dks u\"V dj fn;k gSA bl le; nqfu;k esa vyx&vyx ikfVZ;k¡ ekStwn gSa] ysfdu ljljh fuxkg ls ns[kus ij ge nks çdkj ds oxks± dks rks Li\"V rkSj ij ns[krs gSaA ,d rks og oxZ tks 'kkjhfjd Je djds dqN v£tr djrk gSA nwljs og tks esgur ugha djrkA tks yksx [ksrksa] [knkuksa vFkok dkj[+kkuksa vkfn esa dke djrs gSa] os esgurd'k oxZ esa 'kkfey gSaA tks yksx bu txgksa ij ;k vU;=k Hkh esgur djus ds fy, etcwj ugha fd;s tkrs mudk oxZ fHkUu gSA njvly bl nqfu;k esa nks gh o+QkSesa gSa μ ;s gh nksuksa oxZA blls vfèkd vxj dksbZ nwljk foHkktu fd;k x;k gS rks og csgwnk vkSj gkfudkjd gSA blh çdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd çR;sd esgurd'k O;fDr dh ;g bPNk jgrh gS fd mldk iq=k mUufr djs vkSj ml 526 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

esgurd'k oxZ esa ls fudydj [+kq'kgky oxZ esa 'kkfey gks tk;sA nqfu;k esa gj txg vkjS gj ljw r eas c<b+ ]Z ykgs kj vkjS fdlku vkfn egs urd'k ykxs kas ls jktk] othj] odhy] U;k;kèkh'k] çksi+Qslj] t+ehankj] lkgwdkj] cSadj vkfn dgha T+;knk dekrs gSaA nqfu;k dh dksbZ 'kfDr bu oxks± dks la;qDr ugha dj ldrhA fgUnqLrkuh ^li+Qsniks'k* 'kCn ml x+Sj&esgurd'k oxZ ds fy, gh bLrseky esa yk;k tkrk gAS ;g reke pht+sa ftuds dkj.k fd ft+Unxh jgus ;ksX; cu ldrh gS] vFkok vkjke] f'k{kk] gquj] li+QkbZ] vkjksX; vkfn nkSyr ds lkFk gh çkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA cspkjs x+jhc gj le;] gj txg xUnh txgksa ij gh cqjh ft+Unxh xqt+kjus ds fy, ykpkj gksrs gSaA bUgsa f'k{kk çkIr djus ds fy, le; gh ugha feyrkA x+jhc et+nwj lkjk&lkjk fnu fli+QZ xqt+kjs ds fy, ilhuk&ilhuk gksdj dke djrk jgrk gS] tcfd fo}ku vkSj vehj yksx cf<+;k ls cf<+;k Hkkstu ikrs gSaA ?kksM+kxkfM+;ksa vkSj eksVjksa ij p<+dj lSj ds fy, tkrs gSaA [+kq'kcwnkj rsy vkjS b=k ds lkFk ekfy'k djrs gaAS js'keh diM+s igurs gaAS dgus dk eryc ;g fd gj rjg ,s'k dh ft+Unxh xqt+kjrs gSaA ç'u mBrk gS fd ;g vthc gkyr iSnk gh fdl rjg gks x;h\\ D;k dkj.k gS fd tks yksx [ksrh djrs] diM+s cqurs] diM+s flyrs] ukfy;k¡ lki+Q djrs ;k vkVk ihlrs gSa] mudh vkenuh mu yksxksa ls dbZ xquk de gS tks dsoy ysDpj nsrs gSa ;k eqo+Qneksa ij cgl djrs gSa] tks U;k; djrs ;k go+Qwer djrs gSa] tks dsoy nqvk djrs ;k dqN Hkh ugha djrsA D;k dHkh fdlh us lkspdj ns[kk gS fd Hkxoku ds gj cUns vkSj lekt ds fy, [ksrh&ckM+h] dkjhxjh] nLrdkjh vkfn djus okys ^o+Qkuwu* ;k ^ljdkj*] et+gc ;k lkgwdkj ;k dsoy t+ehankj (os yksx tks t+ehuksa ds ekfyd rks cus cSBs gSa ysfdu dke dqN ugha djrs) ls T+;knk t+:jh gSaA fiQj D;k dkj.k gS fd ml vkneh dks] tksfd dqN ?k.Vs dqlhZ ij cSBdj dqN vknfe;ksa dks tsy esa Hkst nsrk gS] xsgw¡ cksus okys fdlku vkSj twrs xkB¡ us okys ekps h ls dbZ xuq k vfèkd ru[okg nh tkrh g\\S ,d jktk ;k eftLVªsV ;k lkgwdkj gh esgurd'k yksxksa ls dkSu&lk vPNk] ykHknk;d vkSj t+:jh dke djrk gS\\ vusd yksx lkjk fnu pksVh dk t+ksj yxkdj dke djrs gq, Hkh viuh t:+ jh phtas+ çkIr ugha dj ldrAs D;k otg gS fd ,d vkneh cBS k i[a kk [khpa rk gS vkSj ,d vUnj iM+k μ Hkys gh og fgUnw] eqlyeku ;k bZlkbZ gks μ [kjkZVs ekjrk gSA bls gh ia[kk [khapus ij D;ksa ugha yxk;k tkrk\\ og yksx tks vukt] nwèk] esos] lCt+h iSnk ugha djrs] cfYd bu pht+ksa dks bLrseky djrs vkSj [kkrs gSa] okLro esa rks ogh cspkjs fdlku dh esgur dk ykHk mBkrs gSaA bl ckr dks le>us ds fy, fdlh fi+Qykli+Qh dh t+:jr ugha gSA os yksx tks jksVh iSnk ugha djrs vkSj u #bZ dkrdj] cqudj diM+k rS;kj djrs gSa] vkSj fiQj Hkh jksVh [kkrs ifjf'k\"V @ 527

vkSj diM+k igurs gSa] rc bldk dsoy ;gh vFkZ gS fd os viuk fgLlk x+jhc esgurd'kksa dh esgur esa ls ys ysrs gaS tksfd jksVh inS k djrs gaS] diM+s r;S kj djrs gSaA ysfdu tc ge ns[krs gSa fd [ksrh djus okys ml esgurd'k fdlku dks bu eqÝ+r[k+ksj yksxksa dh rjg vPNh [+kqjkd Hkh ugha feyrh] rks fny esa [k+;ky vkrk gS fd bl O;oLFkk eas t+:j dgha u dgha èkks[kk gS] x+yrh gS] T+kqYe gSA ysfdu ;g elyk ^loZ n'kZu laxzg* vkfn 'kkL=kksa dh lksyg çdkj dh fi+Qykli+Qh i<+us ls gy ugha gks ldrkA lsgr vkSj ft+Unxh ds loky dks NksM+dj vkt ge ,d cgqr cM+k loky iwNuk pkgrs gSa fd nqfu;k esa ;g tks nks ikfVZ;k¡ gSa μ ,d vksj vehj] fo}ku] lLq r vkjS gjke[kk+ js _ nlw jh rjiQ+ xj+ hc] egs urd'k] tkfgy vui<+ yksx tksfd nqfu;k dh nkSyr iSnk djrs gSa] rks ;g nwljk i{k fdl rjg vfLrRo esa vk;k\\ nqfu;k ds reke vkUnksyu tks bl lPps loky dks vks>y djrs gSa] dsoy csgwnk] fi+QT+kwy vkSj [k+rjukd gSa μ fiQj og Hkys gh etfylh gksa] Hkys gh et+gch gksa ;k HkkbZpkjs okys] vk£Fkd gksa ;k jktuhfrd] jk\"Vªh; gks ;k vUrjjk\"Vhª ;A vxj bu ikfVZ;ksa dks feyk fn;k tk;s rks nqfu;k eas dksbZ ,slh pht+] ftldks fd ,d Hkxoku ds cUns ;k o+QkSe ;k et+gc dgk tkrk gS] cko+Qh ugha jg tkrh] D;ksafd lnk gh dHkh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus vkSj dHkh vk¡[kksa ls vks>y] vehj x+jhcksa ds nq'eu gh cus jgrs gSaA D;ksafd os viuh nkSyr bu x+jhcksa ls gh Nhurs gSa] mudks ;g vklekuh rksgi+Qs dh rjg ugha feyrh vkSj u muds ikl (ikjl) iRFkj gSA jktk] othj vkSj tt yksx lq[k ls thou xqt+kjrs gSa] gkyk¡fd iSnkokj esa og fdlh çdkj dh esgur ugha djrs] D;ksafd cspkjk fdlku lnk VSDl nsrk jgrk gSA t+ehankj [k+kyh cSBdj ,s'kks&vkjke vkSj cnekf'k;k¡ djrk gS] D;ksafd cspkjk x+jhc [ksr&et+nwj yxku vnk djrk jgrk gSA lkgwdkj ;k egktu vkjke ls cSBk gqvk vehj gksrk pyk tkrk gS] D;ksafd ½.k dk nsunkj ges'kk C;kt nsrk jgrk gS vkjS ,d ljek;ns kj dkj[k+ kus ds fgLls [kj+ hndj ?kj cBS s gh euq kiQ+ k çkIr djds ekykeky gks ldrk g]S D;kfas d etn+ jw kas dks etn+ jw h de nh tkrh gAS odhy lSdM+ksa #i;s eghuk dek ldrk gS] gkyk¡fd og ,d vkjke dqlhZ ij cSBk jgrk gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh fdlh vnkyr esa tkdj Hkk\"k.k >kM+ vkrk gS] D;ksafd og vehjksa dks tk;nkn çkIr djus vkSj x+jhcksa ls ywVus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA ckr ;g gS fd tgk¡ dgha Hkh ;g fn[kk;h ns fd dkbs Z vkneh fcuk gkFk&ijS fgyk;s vkjke dh ft+Unxh Hkksx jgk gS rks i+QkSju le> yks fd ;gk¡ t+:j dksbZ u dksbZ èkks[kk gS] i+Qjsc gSA mlds lki+Q vFkZ ;g gksrs gSa fd vehj rcdk dHkh Hkh ;g ugha pkgrk fd x+jhc yksx Hkh mUufr dj ysa] D;ksafd x+jhcksa dh mUufr vkSj fo|k esa c<+ksrjh ls rks] gjke[k+ksjh i+QkSju ia[k yxkdj mM+ tk;sxhA tks dksbZ VSDl u ns 528 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

rks ;g jkts&egkjkts] tt&odhy vkfn fdl rjg thfor jg ldrs gSa\\ vxj etn+ jw kas dks yVw k u tk;s rks dkj[k+ kukas ds ekfyd vkjS euS ts j fdl rjg djkMs i+ fr cu ldrs gSa\\ laLÑr dk dFku gS fd ^[kkusokys vkSj [kk;s tkusokys esa dHkh nksLrh ugha gks ldrhA* 'ksj&cdjh ds bdV~Bk ykSVus ij ,d el[kjk 'kk;j dgrk gS] ^ykSVsaxs rks nksuksa cs'kd bdV~Bk gh] ysfdu ml le; cdjh 'ksj ds isV esa gksxh!* vehj oxZ dh gjke[k+ksjh esa ns'kHkfDr vkSj et+gc vkfn Hkh dksbZ [k+kl jksy vnk ugha dj ldrsA D;k dHkh dksbZ eqlyeku t+ehankj vius [ksr&et+nwjksa dk yxku blfy, eki+Q dj nsrk gS fd os eqlyeku gSa\\ D;ksa th] dHkh dksbZ fgUnw lkgwdkj vius fgUnw ½.knkrk ls C;kt ysuk blfy, NksM+ nsrk gS fd og fgUnw gS\\ D;k fl[k jkts&egkjkts] othj] vehj] viuh fl[k fj;klrksa ds fl[k fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa ls VSDl vkSj yxku de olwy djrs gSa\\ D;k bl yxku o VSDl dh olwyh ds fy, og de T+kqYe djrs gaS\\ D;k vaxzst+ ekfyd vius vaxzst+ et+nwjksa dh ru[okgsa rc c<+k nsrs gSa tc rd fd os mudh ukd esa ne ugha dj nsrs\\ D;k LdkVyS.M ds t+ehankjksa us vius taxy vkSj eSnku x+jhcksa esa ck¡Vdj mudks vesfjdk tkus ls jksdus dh dksf'k'k dh gS\\ fiNys bfrgkl ls ;fn dksbZ f'k{kk feyrh gS rks og ;g fd vehj oxZ dks nkSyr gh lcls vfèkd I;kjh pht+ gSA mudks et+gc vkSj ns'kHkfDr ls T+;knk tk;nkn vkSj O;fDrxr LokFkks± ls çse gSA ns'kHkfDr vkSj et+gc vPNh pht+sa gSa ysfdu og Hkh vehj oxZ dks nkSyr dh psVd ls vkt+kn djkus esa fu\"iQy lkfcr gqbZ gSaA nqfu;k esa vkt rd ,slk gh gksrk pyk vk;k gS vkSj tc rd cM+s&NksVs vehj rcds gh [k+Re ugha gks tkrs rc rd ,slk gh gksrk pyk tk;sxkA egkRek c¼q ] egkRek VkyLVk; vkjS 'kgtknk Økis kVs fdu tlS s egki#q \"k viuh tk;nkn NksM+dj x+jhcksa tSlh ft+Unxh clj djus yxs Fks] ysfdu bu ,d&nks n`\"VkUrksa ls mlwy ugha cnyk tk ldrkA ;g gfLr;k¡ rks lEekuuh; gSa] ysfdu cko+Qh vehj oxZ rks csbZekuh vkSj èkks[ksckt+h μ gj çdkj ls viuh tk;nkn dh lqj{kk djrk gSA nlw jkas ds flj ij ektS + djus okyh ;g tekr tks Hkh dke djrh gS rks dos y vius ykHk ds fy, gh djrh gSA og fdlh Hkh rjg nwljksa dk dqN ugha l¡okj ldrh] D;ksafd nqfu;k esa nksuksa gh o+QkSesa ekStwn gSa μ vehj vkSj x+jhcA buesa dksbZ I;kj vkSj gennhZ ugha gSA og rks ,d&nwljs ds i{k ds fopkj le>us esa Hkh vleFkZ gSaA lkèkkj.k yksx rks de le>h dh otg ls nwljksa ds [k+;ky vkSj dke ds ckjs esa ugha le> ldrs vkSj le>nkj yksxksa dks tekrh c¡Vokjk nwljksa dks le>us ls oafpr j[krk gSA blls ge ns[krs gSa fd tekrh c¡Vokjs ds vykok ifjf'k\"V @ 529

gkykr Hkh vehjksa dks x+jhcksa dh vlyh gkyr ls ifjfpr ugha gksus nsrsA euq\"; ds fopkj vkerkSj ij mlds rT+kqcsZ ij fuHkZj gqvk djrs gSa vkSj vehj yksxksa dks x+jhcksa dh gkyr dk dqN Hkh rT+kqckZ ughaA budk nk;jk vius gh rd lhfer ljx£e;ksa esa cgqr rax gksrk gSA mudks viuh tekr ls ckgj dqN Hkh ut+j ugha vkrkA gj ,d euq\"; ds mlwyksa ij tekr dk cgqr vlj jgrk gSA vehj yksx Hkys gh Hkxoku ds gj cUns ds ykHk ds fy, D;ksa u dksbZ vkUnksyu pyk;sa] vkf[k+j esa og muds vius fy, gh ykHknk;d lkfcr gksrs gSaA gj ,d euq\"; dh cgs rjh vkjS vke ykxs kas dh rjDo+ Q+ h ds fopkj dh ektS nw xh ds ckotnw vehj ykxs vius oxZ ls ckgj ugha ns[k ldrs vkSj rax nk;js esa gh pDdj dkVrs jgrs gSaA nqfu;k esa ftruh rko+Qr bl tekrokn dh otg ls u\"V gksrh gS mruh vkSj dgha ugha gksrhA yksx x+jhcksa dh lgk;rk dk Å¡pk vkn'kZ lkeus j[kdj eSnku esa dwnrs g]aS yfs du ckn eas vDlj ;gh n[s kk tkrk gS fd mudh lkjh dkfs 'k'kas dos y vehj tekr ds i+Qk;ns ds fy, gh bLrseky gks jgh gSaA blh dkj.k [+kq'kh jat esa cny tkrh gSA ysfdu cgqr lkjs Hkksys&Hkkys yksx vkf[k+j rd ;g le> gh ugha ldrs vkSj bl Hkze esa ejrs gSa fd mUgksaus vke yksxksa dh rjD+o+Qh ds fy, cgqr dqN dke fd;k gSA vktdy fgUnLq rku ds reke vkUnkys ukas ij utj+ ls kuh (iuq £opkj) djds gj O;fDr bl gljrukd lPpkbZ dh ,d cf<+;k felky ik ldrk gSA pUn lTtuksa dh O;fDrxr dksf'k'kksa dks NksM+dj jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd {ks=k esa tks ygjsa mBha og vyx rjg ds i<+s&fy[ks yksxksa ds vkl&ikl gh jgha tksfd 'kgjksa esa jgrs gSa vkSj vkt+kn is'kkoj yksx dgykrs gSaA eSa vkt ;g lkfcr djuk pkgrk gw¡ fd fiNys rhl lkyksa ls tks 'kS{kf.kd vkSj jktuhfrd ygjsa mBha muls fgUnqLrku ds vke yksxksa us cgqr de ykHk mBk;k] D;ksafd Å¡ps ntsZ ds dgs tkus okys yksx gh bu ygjksa dks mBkrs FksA blfy, buds vkn'kZ Hkh buds tekrh jax esa j¡xs jgrs gSaA gj ,d ygj] bl ygj ds mBkus okys yksxksa dk vlyh fupksM+ gh gqvk djrh gSA fupys ntsZ ds lqèkkjd yksx x+jhc fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa ds vUnj ?kqldj (bls) vPNh rjg le> ldrs gSaA os viuh tekr ds nq[k vkSj rdyhi+Qsa gh le> ldrs gSaA mudk vkn'kZ gh muds oxZxr rax nk;js esa pyk tkrk gSA og bl dke dks] tksfd bu nksuksa tekrksa dks vyx&vyx djrk gS] yk¡?k ugha ldrsA vxj fdlkuksa us dksbZ vkUnksyu u [kM+k fd;k gks rks mudk vkn'kZ vyx gh gkrs k gAS vke ykxs viuh ox&Z #fp ds vulq kj gh gj ,d pht+ dks vius&vius n`f\"Vdks.k ls ns[krs gSaA os yksx ;g Hkh ugha tku ldrs fd os bl jkg ij fdl rjg vk x;sA fiQj Hkys gh os fdrus Å¡ps vkn'kZ ysdj Hkxoku ds cUnksa dh lsok vkSj muds Hkys ds [k+;ky ls gh D;ksa u vkxs vk;sa] ysfdu 530 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

oxZ&#fp mudk ihNk ugha NksM+rh] D;ksafd og cgqr t+cjnLr rko+Qr gS vkSj mlus lekth vkUnkys u eas cMk+ Hkkjh vlj fn[kk;k gAS bfrgkl eas vfèkdrj phtas+ ftl rjg ut+j vkrh gSa] vly esa ml rjg dh ugha gksrhaA etfylh oxZ&#fp dks le>us okyk fiQykliQj dke djus okys dh vis{kk mldh oxZ&#fp dks vPNh rjg le> vkSj le>k ldrk gSA eSa ;g ys[k dsoy blfy, fy[k jgk gw¡ fd fdlku vkSj et+nwj gh gekjs I;kj ds go+Qnkj gSaA vaxzst+h vnc ls ifjfpr yksx dkykZby ds çfl¼ mlwy dks dbZ ckj i<+ pqds gksaxs fd ¶eSa dsoy nks gh vknfe;ksa dh bT+t+r vkSj muls eqgCcr djrk gw¡] fdlh rhljs dh ughaA¸ eSa ,d o+Qne vkSj vkxs c<+rk gw¡ vkSj dgrk gw¡ fd eSa dsoy ,d vkneh dks gh I;kj vkSj bT+t+r dh fuxkg ls ns[krk gw¡] fdlh nwljs dks ugha vkSj og gS x+jhc et+nwj (fdjrh)] tks nqfu;k dh nkSyr iSnk djrk gSA fiNys rhl lkyksa ls tks (vkUnksyukRed) ygjsa fgUnqLrku esa mB jgh gSa] mudks fuEufyf[kr rhu fgLlksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gS μ 1- jktuhfrd] 2- 'kSf{kd] 3- èkk£edA vc eSa ;g fn[kkuk pkgrk gw¡ fd bu vkUnksyuksa dk i+Qk;nk mPp oxZ ds yksxksa dks gh gqvk gSA x+jhcksa dks blls dksbZ ykHk ugha igq¡pkA 1- jktuhfrd ygjksa us vyx&vyx lwjrsa idM+haA buesa lektoknh vkSj vfroknh nksuksa rjg ds vkneh gaAS 'kkfUre; jgdj lR;kxgz djus okys yksx Hkh inS k gks x;s vkjS Hk;kud le; ykus okys [k+rjukd bUo+Qykch yksx Hkh gks x;sA bl 'kksj&'kjkcs esa ,d ckr lki+Q gS vkSj og ;g fd buds ifj.kkeksa ls turk dks dksbZ Hkh ykHk ugha gqvkA bf.M;u us'kuy dkaxzsl (fgUnqLrkuHkj dh dkaxzsl) eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa dh ,d [k+klh vkSj vPNh ikVhZ (tekr) gSA mldh ek¡xsa Hkh njfe;kus ntsZ ds yksxksa ds fy, gh gSaA dkaxzsl dHkh Hkh viuk dk;ZØe et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds lkFk feydj rS;kj ugha dj ldhA D;ksafd bleas xtsz ,q V] odhy] çkis Q+ ls j] O;kikjh ykxs gh 'kkfey g,q ] blfy, dkxa lsz dk dk;ZØe Hkh mudh et+hZ ds vuqlkj gh cukA ,d vkUnksyu ,d le; esa vehj&x+jhc nksuksa oxks± ds ykHk ds fy, dke ugha dj ldrk] ;g nqfu;k dh dqN cM+h vugksuh ckrksa esa ls ,d gSA dkaxzsl dh ek¡x gS fd bls fgUnqLrku esa [k+kl fgLlk feyuk pkfg,A ;g fgLlk fdl rjg feysxk\\ ftu ckrksa dh dkaxzsl dh vksj ls ek¡x dh tk jgh gS og fdlds fy, iwjh gksaxh\\ vxj ljdkjs&fgUn dh ukSdfj;k¡ fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dks feyuh gSa rks mUgsa dkSu yksx çkIr djsaxs\\ ;g rks iDdk gS fd et+nwj&fdlku yksx mu ukSdfj;ksa dks çkIr ugha dj ldsaxsA dqNsd fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dks ^bf.M;u flfoy l£ol* esa vksgns fey ifjf'k\"V @ 531

tkus ls gh fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa dks f'k{kk] [+kqjkd vkSj fjgk;'k dh rks ckr gh D;k] t+:jh pht+sa Hkh ulhc ugha gksaxhA x+jhc fdlkuksa dks bl ckr ls D;k eryc fd mudh dekbZ dk [k+klk cM+k fgLlk VSDl vkfn ds :i esa ywV&ikVdj ys tkus okyksa esa ls fdrus fgUnqLrkuh gSa vkSj fdrus nwljs\\ eky&vlckc esa ls eqgEenqYyk ;k Lokeh dks Hkh fgLlk feyrk gS tksfd blh ns'k ds gSaA fiQj dkaxzsl us dHkh ;g Hkh ek¡x dh gS fd ns'kh ljdkjh ukSdjksa dh ru[okg ?kVk nh tk;s vkSj fdlkuksa dk VSDl de dj fn;k tk;s\\ dkaxzsl us ljdkjh vi+Qljksa dh ru[okg de djokdj x+jhc fdlkuksa dk Hkkj de djus dh dHkh dksf'k'k dh gS\\ fiQj vke turk dks bu vkUnksyuksa vkSj ek¡xksa ls D;k eryc\\ vly esa ,slh (vkUnksyudkjh) ygjsa rks eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa ds fnekx+ esa ls gh fudy ldrh Fkha] D;ksafd og yksx vius cPpksa ds fy, vPNh ls vPNh vklkeh pkgrs gSaA odhyksa dh vk¡[ksa lnk tt dh inoh dks rjlrh jgrh gSa] xzstq,V yksx lwcksa dh ljdkjksa esa vPNh&vPNh vklkfe;ksa dks ns[k&ns[kdj yypkrs jgrs gSaA D;ksafd ;g eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa dh ek¡xsa gSa] blfy, mUgksaus eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa dks gh eqYo+Q vkSj o+QkSe le>uk vkjEHk dj fn;k gSA dkaxzsl okys vDlj ph[k+k djrs gSa fd iatkc dkSafly vkSj vlsEcyh esa fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dh fxurh c<+uh pkfg,A blls Hkh vke fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dks D;k ykHk gks ldrk gS\\ dkSaflyksa ds fy, dkSu pqus tkrs gSa\\ D;k os yksx viuh lsokvksa dk buke ugha ysrs\\ D;k os yksx blesa viuh bT+t+r vkjS i+Q–+ ugha le>rs\\ D;k vkujcs y dgus ls ykxs fdlh dks ^'kghn* dgus yxrs g\\aS D;k lnL;rk ds fy, pqus tkuk l[+r eqlhcr dh ft+Unxh xqt+kjuk gS ;k blls fcYdqy foijhr\\ ;g loky t+:j iwNs tkus pkfg, vkSj tokc Hkh feyus pkfg,A dkSafly ds vlyh i+Qk;nksa dk loky ,d rji+Q NksM+dj Hkh vxj ns[ksa rks ut+j vk;sxk fd ;g [k+;ky dsoy ml tekr ds fnekx+ esa iSnk gks ldrk gS ftls blls dksbZ ykHk igq¡pus dh vk'kk gksA dkSafly ds fy, dqNsd vkSj odhy ,oa lkgwdkj pqus tkus ls djksM+ksa esgurd'k yksxksa dh tekr esa D;k i+Qo+ZQ iM+ ldrk gS\\ D;k bu yksxksa ds VSDl de dj fn;s tk;saxs\\ D;k mu yksxksa ds iqjkus [k+rjs μ csxkj] iqfyl ;k rglhynkj] vdky ;k Iysx nwj gks tk;saxs\\ D;k mu yksxksa ds fy, xk¡oksa esa lki+Q ikuh igq¡pkus dk cUnkscLr fd;k tk;sxk\\ D;k xk¡oksa esa Ldwy vkSj ykbczsjh [kksy nh tk;saxhA dqN fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds dkSafly esa pys tkus ds lkFk rks ge mijksDr ckrksa esa dksbZ tek&?kVk ugha ns[krsA gk¡] dqNsd rkyhe okys ykxs blls #i;k t:+ j dek ldxas s vkjS dNq mudh bTt+ r+ Hkh c<xs+ h vkSj og cM+s jksc ds lkFk bèkj&mèkj fiQj ldasxs vkSj ;s v¡èksj <kus okys yksx 532 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

o+QkSe ij eqÝ+r dk jkSc nkc Mkydj fxjkoV iSnk djsaxsA vHkh l;kus lTtu le>rs gSa fd ;g mUufr dh jkg ugha gS] ysfdu og cspkjs ;g ugha le>rs fd ;g ygjsa dgk¡ mBrh gSa vkSj fdl rjg c<+rh gSa\\ ysfdu lkjk rkuk&ckuk le> esa vk ldrk gS] ;fn os bruk gh le> ysa fd ;g lcdqN eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa dk gh fupksM+ gS vkSj fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa dks blls dksbZ ykHk ughaA bl rjg ge ns[krs gSa fd bu ygjksa dh o+Qke;kch ls eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa dks gh ykHk igp¡q rk gAS mUgkuas s dHkh cxs kj] Iyxs vkfn etk±s ds fo#¼ cUnkcs Lr djus dh dksf'k'k ugha dhA u dHkh yxku] ued&VSDl] vkfc;kuk de djokus ;k yksxksa dh f'k{kk dk Bhd çcUèk fd;k gS] gkyk¡fd ;gh t+:jh loky gSa ftuds gy gks tkus ls turk dks ykHk gks ldrk gSA cspkjs et+nwj ;k fdlku dks flfoy l£ol ;k iatkc dkSafly ls D;k ykHk gS\\ og bT+t+r ugha pkgrk] inoh ugha pkgrkA gk]¡ og jkVs h] vkjkXs ;rk vkjS vktk+ nh t:+ j pkgrk gAS ysfdu bl rji+Q rks dkaxzsl us dHkh è;ku gh ugha fn;kA gk¡] dbZ lkjs t+:jh çLrko ikl dj fn;sA ysfdu buls D;k gks ldrk gS\\ xouZes.V vPNh rjg le>rh gS fd bu eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa dh oxZ&#fp D;k gS\\ og vPNh rjg tkurh gS fd ;g dqN ekewyh&lk lqèkkj pkgrs gSa] ftlds lkFk budh tekr dks ykHk gksus dh vk'kk gksA budks blls dksbZ okLrk ugha fd xk¡oksa esa jgus okyksa ij fdl rjg dh xqt+jrh gS\\ blh dkj.k xouZes.V bu yksxksa dks dkSafly vkSj flfoy l£ol vkfn esa dqN in nsdj turk ds vkUnksyu jksdus ds ;Ru fd;k djrh gSA bl rjg cM+s&cM+s usdfny lPps lsodksa dh esgursa Hkh eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa ds fy, lksuk lkfcr gksrh gSa] tcfd et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dks FkksM+k Hkh ykHk ugha igq¡prkA bl ckr dks vPNh rjg le>us ds fy, eSa dgw¡xk fd [ksr&et+nwjksa ds go+Qksa ij è;ku fn;k tk;sA ,slk djus ij ekywe iM+ tk;sxk fd lkjs jktuhfrd ny t+ehankjksa dh vksj ls t+ehankjksa ds go+Q ds fy, rks t+:j vkUnksyu djrs gaS ysfdu [krs &etn+ jw kas ds goQ+ kas ds fy, vkokt+ mBkus dh dHkh fgEer ugha djr]s gkykf¡ d gekjs n's k eas cglq [a ;d [krs &etn+ jw te+ hna kjkas ds Tk+ Yq ek]as VDS lkas vkjS yxku ds uhps ihls tk jgs gSaA og vkUnksyu tks vius dk;ZØe esa bl ckr dks lcls igys lkeus ugha j[krs vkSj blds fy, vkUnksyu ugha djrs] og vke turk ds vkUnksyu ugha dgyk ldrsA blfy, ge dkaxzsl dks xqugxkj ugha Bgjk ldrs] D;ksafd og vius lnL;ksa ds vykok nwljs yksxksa dh vksj vfèkd è;ku ugha ns ldrhA twrh iguus okyk gh vPNh rjg le> ldrk gS fd iSj esa dhy fdl rjg pqHkrh gSA ;g ckr fdlku gh vPNh rjg vuqHko dj ldrk gS fd yxku vkfn ls ifjf'k\"V @ 533

vk;s fnu nq[kh gksdj esjh ft+Unxh fdl rjg xqt+j jgh gSA rkyhe;kÝ+rk eè;e oxZ ds yksx [k+kd bldk vUnkt+k yxk ldsaxsA ge rks lki+Q dgrs gSa fd fdlkuksa dh dkaxzsl ds çLrko bl dkaxzsl ls fcYdqy vyx vkSj u;s <ax ds gSa vkSj mudh ek¡xsa Hkh nwljs gh <ax dh gksaxhA 'kS{kf.kd ygjsa jktuhfrd ygjksa esa ns'k us cgqr&lh o+QqckfZ u;k¡ nhaA ntuZ ksa cgqewY; tkusa blesa yx x;haA ysfdu 'kS{kf.kd ygjksa ds fy, rks gekjh cgqr&lh rko+Qr [+kpZ gqbZ vkSj cgqr ls usd enZ vkSj vkSjrksa dh ft+Unfx;k¡ buds fy, oD+i+Q gks x;haA ysfdu ifj.kke ;gk¡ Hkh fujk'kk Hkjk gks x;k gS] D;ksafd blls Hkh eè;e oxZ dks gh dqN ykHk igq¡p ldk gSA gekjs cgqr&ls usrkvksa us 'kgjksa esa vyx&vyx o+QkSeksa] fcjknfj;ksa vkSj lHkkvksa dh vksj ls Ldwy&dkWyst [kksy fn;s] ysfdu D;k ge iwN ldrs gSa fd mu ns'kHkDrksa ds fnyksa esa Ldwy&dkWyst [kksyus dk [k+;ky fdl rjg inS k gvq k\\ vkjS D;kas mUgkusa s vius bl cMs+ dke dks xko¡ kas eas ugha fd;k] ftlls [+kpZ rks de gksrk vkSj ykHk vfèkd igq¡prkA mUgksaus odhy vkSj nÝ+rjksa ds fy, DydZ iSnk djuk gh viuk eUrO; D;ksa cuk fy;k gS vkSj fiQj fgUnw vkSj eqlyeku vyx&vyx viuh&viuh ;wfuo£lfV;k¡ D;ksa o+Qk;e dj jgs gSa\\ ge rks ;g le>rs gSa fd ;g yksx Hkh oxZ&#fp ds lk;s ds uhps gh viuk dke djrs gSaA n`\"VkUr iatkc ds vk;Z lekt dk gh ys ysaA os (Lokeh n;kuUn dh ;knxkj) ,d ,sls dkWyst ls D;k pkgrs gSa tksfd iatkc dh ljdkjh ;wfuo£lVh ds lkFk feyus okyk gks\\ fdruk v¡èksj gSA dgk¡ Lokeh n;kuUn dk vkn'kZ] dgk¡ ljdkjh ;wfuo£lVh vkSj blds dkWyst! ysfdu vkf[kj+ ;g gvq k D;k\\as bldh otg lkiQ+ gAS blds mikldkas eas vfèkdrj odhy vkSj xzstq,V vkfn eè;e oxZ ds yksx gh FksA ;fn dgha laLÑr i<+s if.Mrksa ds lkeus Lokeh n;kuUn dh ;knxkj LFkkfir djus dk loky vkrk rks og fcYdqy vyx pht+ o+Qk;e djrsA ;fn muds (Lokeh n;kuUn ds) iqjkru mikldksa esa fdlkuksa dh cgqla[;k gksrh rks mu yksxksa esa gh dkWyst o+Qk;e fd;k gksrkA buds [k+;ky esa fdlh vU; çdkj dh ;knxkj gh vPNh vkSj ykHknk;d gksrhA lekt ds 'kS{kf.kd vM~Ms dsoy blhfy, o+Qk;e gq, fd eè;e ntsZ ds yksxksa ds cky&cPps vPNh rjg dek ldsaA ;gh oxZ&#fp dke dj jgh gSA nf{k.k ds ns'kHkDrksa us f'k{kk ds fy, cgqr o+QqckZfu;k¡ dha] ysfdu fdudh f'k{kk ds fy,\\ iQjxwlu dkWyst us eè;e oxZ ds gt+kjksa uktS okuksa dks f'k{kk nhA jksth dekus vkjS mUufr djus ;ksX; cuk;k] ysfdu fdlkuksa ds fy, blus D;k fd;k\\ bl dkWyst esa ls ftrus odhy vkSj çksi+Qslj fudyrs gSa] os cspkjs fdlkuksa ds fljksa ij ;w¡ 534 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gh [k+kyh cSBs ekSt+ ekjrs gSaA os Hkh fdlkuksa dk ygw ihus okyh tekr esa 'kkfey gAaS vke ykxs n's kHkDrkas dh oQ+ cq kfZ u;kas vkjS ;kXs ;rk dk dkbs Z [kk+ l iQ+ k;nk ugha mBk ldrAs D;k ;g lgh u gkrs k fd ;s ykxs ijq kus le; ds lkèkvq kas dh rjg gh lhèks vke yksxksa ds ikl pys x;s gksrs vkSj viuh cgqewY; ft+Unxh eè;e oxZ dks gh v£ir djds u x¡ok nh gksrhA ;g bruk t+:jh loky gS tks dHkh vk¡[kksa ls vk>s y ugha fd;k tk ldrkA eaS gj ,d cUns dh f[kn+ er djus dks viuk vkn'kZ le>us okys ukStokuksa ls dgw¡xk fd eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa ds i+Qk;nksa dks viuh jkg esa u Bgjus nksA lhèks lkèkkj.k yksxksa ds ikl tkvksA ge D;ksafd eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa esa ls gSa] blfy, gks ldrk gS dqN Hkwy djsa vkSj viuh&viuh tekr dks dyafdr djsa vkSj fny dks rlYyh nsrs jgsa fd ge yksxksa dh lsok dj jgs gSaA eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd ukStoku bl [k+rjs ls cps jgsaA L=kh&f'k{kk dk 'kksj Hkh eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa dk gh elyk gSA gekjh dU;k&ikB'kkykvksa esa fdlkuksa dh fdruh yM+fd;k¡ f'k{kk xzg.k dj jgh gSa\\ vly esa xk¡oksa esa rks ;g loky gh ugha gS] D;ksafd ogk¡ rks enZ Hkh vui<+ gSaA ;g loky rks rkyhe;kÝ+rk ukStokuksa ds fy, i<+h gqbZ yM+fd;ksa dh t+:jr ls gh iSnk gqvk fd yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh f'k{kk nh tk;A blls eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa ds ?kj vfèkd [+kq'kgky vkSj vkjke okys cu x;sA ysfdu dqN ,d egyksa dh ekStwnxh ls vke yksxksa dh gkyr fdl rjg lqèkj ldrh gS\\ mu yksxksa ds vkjke vkSj rjD+o+Qh ls fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa dks dksbZ ykHk ugha igq¡p ldrkA og x+jhc bu pht+ksa ls dksbZ Hkh ykHk ugha mBk ldrsA ;fn ;g 'kS{kf.kd ygjsa vke yksxksa dh csgrjh ds fy, tkjh dh x;h gksrha rks lcls igys xk¡oksa esa Ldwy [kksys tkrs (D;ksafd) fdlh Hkh eqYo+Q ds vke yksxksa esa çkjfEHkd f'k{kk ds fcuk tkx`fr ugha vk ldrhA gesa vius ns'k dh mUufr ds fy, lcls igys ;gh uhao Mkyuh iM+sxhA lkEçnkf;d vkSj HkkbZpkjs dh ygjsa bl le; gekjs ns'k esa tks vyx&vyx lkEçnkf;d vkSj HkkbZpkjs dh ygjsa 'kksj epk jgh Fkha ;g Hkh bUgha eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa ds fnekx+ dh mit gSA mnkgj.k ds :i esa insZ ds loky dks gh ys ysaA x+jhc et+nwj vkSjrsa rks lkjk&lkjk fnu fljksa ij Vksdfj;k¡ mBkrh gSa ;k [ksrksa esa esgur&et+nwjh djds cM+h eqf'dy ls jksVh dek ldrh gSaA muds vkxs ;g insZ dk loky fdl rjg is'k gks ldrk gS\\ eè;e oxZ ds yksxksa dh vkjke Hkjh ft+Unxh eas gh ;g loky mB ldrs gSaA eSa ,d&,d dj ,slh lHkh lkEçnkf;d vkSj HkkbZpkjs dh ygjksa esa oxZ&#fp dk vlj ns[krk gw¡A ifjf'k\"V @ 535

vUr eas bruk gh dgx¡w k fd og uktS oku tks nfq u;k eas dNq dke djuk pkgrs gSa ;k tks yksx Hkxoku ds gj cUns dh lsok djus ds fy, viuh o+Qherh ft+Unfx;k¡ oD+i+Q djuk pkgrs gSa] os fgUnqLrkuh et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa esa feydj mudh #fp le>us dh dksf'k'k djsa vkSj mudh vlyh rdyhi+Qsa nwj djrs gq, mudh lPph mUufr ds fy, vkUnksyu djsaA eSaus ljljh fuxkg ls orZeku le; dh xfrfofèk;ksa ds dqNsd çek.k nsdj ,d [k+kl #fp dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k gSA blesa dqNsd usdfny yksxksa dks tksfd bu ygjksa esa 'kkfey gSa] ukjkt+ ugha gksuk pkfg,A eSa mudh gennhZ vkSj lPpkbZ dks vuqHko djrs gq, Hkh bl x+yrh dh vkjs mudk è;ku fnykuk viuk iQ+ tZ+ le>rk g]¡w D;kfas d eaS ekurk g¡w fd ;jw kfs i;u eqncj dk ;g dFku lksyg vkus lgh gS fd ,d dkjdqu dk vius dke ls gh vutku gksuk [k+rjukd vkSj gyky dj nsus okyh ckr gSA 536 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % vkB ,d nyq HZ k nLrkots + Jheku th] eq>s 29 ebZ 1927 dks Hkkjrh; n.M fo/ku dh /kjk 302 ds vUrxZr fxjÝ+rkj fd;k x;k vkSj ik¡p lIrkg rd iqfyl fgjklr esa cUn j[kk x;kA eq>s 4 tqykbZ 1927 dks tekur ij NksM+k x;kA rc ls eq>s dHkh Hkh iqfyl }kjk ;k fdlh Hkh vnkyr }kjk bl /kjk ds vUrxZr eqo+Qnes dk lkeuk djus ds fy, ugha cqyk;k x;k] vr% eSa eku jgk gw¡ fd vkidh Nkuchu iwjh gks x;h gS vkSj esjs f[k+yki+Q dqN ugha feyk gS vkSj O;ogkjr% vkius dsl okfil ys fy;k gSA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa eSa vkils vuqjks/ djrk gw¡ fd esjh fxjÝ+rkjh ds le; esjs 'kjhj ls cjken lHkh oLrq,¡ Ñi;k ykSVk nsaA eq>s lwfpr djsa fd bl mís'; ds fy, eSa vkils dc vkSj dgk¡ feyw¡A tYn vuqxzg dk cgqr vkHkkj gksxkA vkidk bR;kfn Hkxrflag ds eqo+Qnes esa bl i=k dks fo'ks\"k vnkyr ds tt ts- dksYMLVªe ds le{k izek.k ds :i esa çLrqr fd;k x;kA ewy [k+r o Hkxrflag ds firk ljnkj fd'ku flag dk ysVjgsM vaxzst+h esa gSA i=k Vkbi fd;k gqvk gS ftlesa ,d&nks 'kCn gkFk ls fy[ks x;s gSaA ;g i=k ,l- vkbZ- lkfno+Q vyh 'kkg ds 2 ebZ] 1929 ds nLr[k+r ds ckn vnkyr esa çLrqr fd;k x;k ftls i<+dj ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl dh i+Qkby ls tksM+k x;kA μ l- ifjf'k\"V @ 537

ifjf'k\"V % ukS Hkxr¯lg dk mnZw gLry[s k 538 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ifjf'k\"V % nl μ Hkxr¯lg dk vxa tsz h+ gLry[s k

ifjf'k\"V % X;kjg μ Hkxr¯lg dks ltk+ &,&ekrS dh rkehyh dk fVªC;wuy }kjk tkjh okj.V

WARRANT OF EXECUTION ON SENTENCE OF DEATH Section 381 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Sections 8 and II of Ordinance No. III of 1930. In the Court. of the Lahore Conspiracy Case Tribunal, Lahore, constituted under Ordinance No. III of 1930. TO THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE CENTRAL JAIL AT LAHORE WHEREAS Bhagat Singh, son of Kishen Singh. resident of Khawasrian. Lahore, one of the prisoners in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, having been found guilty by us of offence under section 121 and section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and also under section 4(b) of the Explosive Substances Act read with section 5 of that Act and with section 12-F of the Indian Penal Code at a trial commencing from the 5th May, 1930 and ending with the 7 October. 1930, is hereby sentenced to death. This is to authorise and require you, the said Superintendent, to carry the said sentence into execution by causing the said BHAGAT SINGH to be hanged by the neck until he to be dead at Lahore on the 17th day of October, 1930, and to return this warrant to the High Court with an endorsement certifying that the sentence has been executed. Given under our hands and the seal of the Court this 7th day of October, 1930. Seal of the tribunal, Sd/- PRESIDENT OF THE TRIBUNAL. Sd/- Member of the Tribunal Sd/- Member of the Tribunal e`R;qn.M ij vey dk okj.V vijkèk çfØ;k lafgrk dh èkkjk 381] 1930 ds vè;kns'k la- III dh èkkjk 8 ,oa II. 1930 ds vè;kns'k la- III ds rgr xfBr ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl fVªC;wuy dh vnkyr esaA ykgkjS ls.Vªy tsy ds lqifj.Vs.Ms.V ds fy, Hkxr¯lg] oYn fd'ku¯lg] fuoklh [koklfj;k¡] ykgkSj] tks ykgkSj \"kM~;U=k dsl ds o+QSfn;ksa esa ls ,d gS] dks 5 ebZ] 1930 dks 'kq: gksdj 7 vDVwcj] 1930 dks [k+Re gq, eqo+Qnes esa Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh èkkjk 121 vkSj èkkjk 302 ds rgr vkSj foLiQksVd inkFkZ o+Qkuwu dh èkkjk 5 ds lkFk ifBr ml o+Qkuwu dh èkkjk 4(ch) vkSj Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh èkkjk 120&,i+Q ds rgr vijkèk dk nks\"kh ik;k x;k gS vkSj ,rn~}kjk e`R;qn.M fn;k tkrk gSA bl vkns'k }kjk vkidks] mijksDr lqifj.Vs.Ms.V dks] vfèkÑr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd bl vkns'k ij vey djrs gq, 17 vDVwcj ds fnu ykgkSj esa mijksDr Hkxr¯lg dks xjnu ls rc rd yVdk;k tk;s tc rd mldh e`R;q u gks tk;s] vkSj vkns'k ij vey ds çek.ki=k ds lkFk bl okj.V dks gkbZdksVZ dks okil Hkst nsaA gekjs gkFkksa ls rFkk vnkyr dh eqgj ds lkFk vkt 7 vDVwcj 1930 dks fn;k x;kA fVªC;wuy dh eqgj g- fVªC;wuy ds vè;{k g- fVªC;wuy ds lnL; g- fVªC;wuy ds lnL; ifjf'k\"V @ 541

ifjf'k\"V % ckjg Hkxr¯lg dks iQkl¡ h ds ckn tsy lqifj.Vs.Ms.V dk çek.ki=k 542 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

CERTIFICATE OF EXECUTION OF THE DEATH SENTENCE Seal of the Judicial Department I HEREBY certify that the sentence of death passed on Bhagat Singh has been duly executed, and that the said Bhagat Singh was accordingly hanged by the neck till he was dead, at Lahore Central Jail on Monday, the 23rd day of March, 1931, at 7 p.m., that the body remained suspended for a full hour, and was not taken down until life was ascertained by a medical officer to be extinct; and that no accident, error or other misadventure occurred. Sd. Illegible Superintendent of the Jail. e`R;qn.M ij vey dk çek.ki=k U;kf;d foHkkx dh eqgj eSa ,rn~ }kjk çekf.kr djrk gw¡ fd Hkxr¯lg dks fn;s x;s e`R;qn.M dh rkehy dj nh x;h g]S vkjS fd rn~ulq kj mijkDs r Hkxr¯lg dks lkes okj 23 ekp]Z 1931 dks 'kke 7 cts ykgkSj ls.Vªy tsy esa xjnu ls ml le; rd yVdk;s j[kk x;k tc rd mldh e`R;q u gks x;h] fd 'kjhj iwjs ,d ?k.Vs rd yVdk jgk] vkSj mls rc rd uhps ugha mrkjk x;k tc rd esfMdy vi+Qlj }kjk thou fu''ks\"k gksus dh iqf\"V ugha dj yh x;h_ vkSj fd dksbZ nq?kZVuk] =kqfV ;k dksbZ vU; vfu\"V ugha gqvkA g- vLi\"V tsy lqifj.Vs.Ms.V ifjf'k\"V @ 543