Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

ge le>rs gSa fd gekjs fy,] ns'k ds fy, fu\"dke Hkko ls ejus okys yksxksa dks Hkqyk nsuk cM+h Hkkjh Ñr?urk gksxhA ge mudh Le`fr esa dksbZ cM+k Lrwi ugha [kM+k dj ldrs rks D;k vius ân; esa Hkh FkksM+k LFkku nsus ls >saisa\\ blh fopkj ls çfs jr gkds j vkt mu ^e[w k*Z rFkk ^mrkoy*s vk'kkokfn;kas dk lfa {kIr bfrgkl fy[kus dh ;g ps\"Vk gSA blls ;fn yksxksa dks muds lEcUèk esa Bhd&Bhd ckrksa dk Kku gks tk;s vkjS vfèkd tkuus dh bPNk mRiUu gks tk;s rks ;g ç;kl liQy le>w¡xkA muds bl NksVs&ls bfrgkl dks ge rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡V ldrs gSa μ 1- xq# th dk O;fDrxr pfj=k] 2- dwdk foæksg] 3- foæksg ds cknA xq# jke ¯lg th dk thou Jh jke ¯lg th dk tUe lu~ 1824 bZ- esa HkS.kh uked xk¡o] ft+yk yqfèk;kuk (iatkc) esa ,d c<+bZ ds ?kj gqvk FkkA dgrs gSa] xq# xksfoUn ¯lg th us dHkh dgk Fkk fd ¶eSa ckjgosa o\"kZ esa jke ¯lg uke ls çfl¼ vFkok çdV gksÅ¡xkA¸ blfy, buds vuq;k;h mUgsa mUgha n'k xq#vksa dk vorkj ekurs gSaA ijUrq 'ks\"k flD[k lekt dk fo'okl gS fd xq# xksfoUn ¯lg th us xq# ds lc vfèkdkj xq# xzUFk lkfgc ij gh Mky fn;s vkSj xq#&çFkk cUn dj nh FkhA vr% xq# jke ¯lg xq# ugha gks ldrsA gesa bu >xM+ksa ls dqN dke ughaA xq# jke ¯lg ;qokoLFkk esa iatkc dsljh egkjktk j.kthr ¯lg dh lsuk esa Hkjrh gks x;sA os igys ls gh bZ'oj&HkDr Fks vkSj vfèkd le; bZ'ojksikluk esa gh fcrkrs FksA blh dkj.k os 'kh?kz gh lsuk esa loZfç; gks x;sA oks cgqèkk bZ'oj&HkfDr esa yhu jgus ds dkj.k lSfud&dÙkZO;ksa dh iw£r esa vleFkZ jgrs] ijUrq mUgsa lc dÙkZO;ksa ls NqV~Vh ns nsus ij Hkh lsuk esa gh j[kk x;kA ,d fnu] dgk tkrk gS] mUgsa LoIu esa Jh xq# xksfoUn ¯lg th ds n'kZu gq,] ftUgksaus muls gt+kjk (lhekUr çkUr) fuoklh ckck ckydukFk ls xq#&xíh ds vfèkdkj ysus dks dgkA nwljs gh fnu mUgksaus vU; chl&iPphl HkDrx.k ds lkFk mèkj çLFkku dj fn;kA ckck ckydukFk th us mudk [+kwc Lokxr fd;k vkSj nh{kk nhA ogk¡ ls ykSVdj vkius ukSdjh NksM+ nh vkSj xk¡o esa tkdj 'kkUr thou fcrkus yxsA o\"kks± chr x;sA vusd ifjorZu gks x;sA egkjktk j.kthr ¯lg dh e`R;q ds ckn xíh ds fy, >xM+k gqvkA vaxszt+ksa us iatkc thr fy;k vkjS bls Hkh 'ks\"k Hkkjr dh rjg ijkèkhurk dh csfM+;ksa ls tdM+ fn;kA ;g lcdqN gks x;k vkSj lkFk gh 1857 dk flikgh foæksg Hkh gks x;k vkSj vaxzst+ 'kkfUriwoZd Hkkjr ij 'kklu fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 145

djus yxs] ijUrq xq# jke ¯lg ogha viuk 'kkUr thou fcrkrs jgsA gk¡] bZ'oj&HkfDr ds dkj.k vki nwj&nwj rd çfl¼ gks x;sA çkUrHkj ls yksx n'kZuksa ds fy, vkrs FksA igys rks vki dsoy bZ'oj&HkfDr dk gh mins'k nsrs Fks] ijUrq ckn esa dqN lekt&lqèkkj lEcUèkh mins'k nsus yxsA vkius dU;k Ø;&foØ;] efnjk&ekal Hk{k.k vkfn cgqr&lh dqjhfr;ksa dk cM+s t+ksj ls fojksèk fd;kA vkids HkDrx.k Hkh lknk thou fcrkrs vkjS b'Z ojkis kluk eas rYyhu jgrAs vkius vius xko¡ eas ,d lkoZtfud Hk.Mkjk [kksy j[kk Fkk] tgk¡ ij fd lHkh yksxksa dks fcuk ewY; Hkkstu feyrk FkkA ijUrq 'kh?kz gh ,d ifjorZu gqvkA dgk tkrk gS] jkenkl uked fdlh vKkr laU;klh us vkdj muls dgk μ ¶bl le; ns'k dk fons'kh 'kklu ls NqVdkjk fnykuk gh loZçFke dÙkZO; gSA¸ vkSj mlh le; ls vkius viuk dk;ZØe jktuhfrd cuk fy;kA laU;klh okyh ckr dsoy lquh&lquk;h gSA lEHko gS ,slh dksbZ ?kVuk ?kfVr gh u gqbZ gks] ijUrq bruk rks ekuuk gh iM+sxk fd bl le; xq# jke ¯lg th dks ns'k dh ijkèkhurk ,dne cqjh rjg v[kjhA os le> x;s Fks fd cká LorU=krk ds lkFk gh lkFk ns'kokfl;ksa dh vkRek Hkh ejrh tk jgh gSA yksx Lokèkhurk dk fopkj rd [kks cSBs gSaA vHkh dy mUgksaus flikgh foæksg rFkk mldh foiQyrk ds ckn fd;s x;s vdFkuh; vR;kpkj ns[ks&lqus FksA mlls Hkh vo';eso mUgsa dqN Bsl yxh gksxhA tks Hkh gks] mUgksaus fons'kh 'kklu dk [kks[kykiu [+kwc vPNh rjg ns[kdj ,d dk;ZØe cukdj dk;Z vkjEHk dj fn;kA vc rd dsoy mins'k gh gksrk Fkk] vc ^nh{kk* rFkk laxBu Hkh vkjEHk gqvkA mUgksaus ml le; Bhd mlh vlg;ksx dk çpkj çkjEHk dj fn;k] tks 1920 eas egkRek xkè¡ khth us fd;kA mudk vlg;kxs egkRek th ds vlg;kxs ls Hkh dbZ ckrksa esa c<+&p<+dj FkkA vnkyrksa ds cfg\"dkj] viuh iapk;rksa ds laLFkkiu] ljdkjh f'k{kk ds cfg\"dkj] fons'kh ljdkj ds iw.kZ cfg\"dkj ds lkFk gh lkFk jsy] rkj rFkk Mkd ds cfg\"dkj dk çpkj Hkh gqvkA ml le; ns'k vkt dh rjg futhoZ gkds j mu oLrvq kas ij bruk fuHkjZ ugha gks x;k Fkk fd muds cfg\"dkj dh dYiuk Hkh u dj ikrkA çR;qr mUgksaus Mkd dk viuk çcUèk bruk vPNk dj fy;k Fkk fd ^mudh Mkd ljdkjh Mkd ls Hkh tYnh igq¡p tkrh FkhA*1 bl lcds lkFk lknk os\"k rFkk Lons'kh oL=k iguus dk t+ksj ls mins'k gksrk FkkA çpkj&dk;Z cgqr fnuksa rd u gksus ik;k Fkk fd ljdkj dh rhoz n`f\"V bl vkUnksyu ij iM+hA mUgsa bl çp.M vkUnksyu dks nck nsus dh fpUrk gqbZA 1- HkkbZ ijekuUn ds ,d ys[k ds vkèkkj ij 146 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

T.D. Forsith, tkfs d lu~ 1863 b-Z eas ita kc ljdkj ds phiQ+ lØs Vs jh Fks vkjS ckn esa 1872 esa dwdk foæksg ds le; vEckyk fMoht+u ds dfe'uj in ij dke djrs Fks] viuh Autobiography esa fy[krs gSa μ ¶1863 esa gh eSa bl vkUnksyu dh rg rd igq¡p x;k Fkk vkSj le> x;k Fkk fd ;g D;k Hkh\"k.k ifj.kke yk ldrk gSA vr% eSaus muds çpkj ij cgqr&ls cUèku yxk fn;s] ftlls muds çpkj&dk;Z dh xfr dqN gn rd #d x;hA¸ tc ljdkj us yksxksa dk cM+h la[;k esa HkS.kh vkuk&tkuk rFkk mudk ogk¡ vfèkd nsj rd Bgjuk rd Hkh cUn dj fn;k rc xq# jke ¯lg th us viuk dk;Z tkjh j[kus ds fy, ,d rnchj lksphA leLr ns'k dks 22 fgLlksa esa foHkDr dj 22 ;ksX; euq\"; mudk laxBu djus ds fy, fu;qDr dj fn;sA os lHkh ^lwcs* dgykrs FkAs dk;Z cgrq d'q kyrk ls pyrk jgkA lHkh ukeèkkjh flD[k viuh vk; dk n'kka'k xq# th dks HksaV fd;k djrsA os lc HkS.kh Hkst fn;k tkrk FkkA ;g lc gksrk gh Fkk vkSj lkFk gh lkFk xqIr :i ls foæksg dk çpkj Hkh gksrk jgkA ckgjh tks'k cgqr de dj fn;k x;kA ;gk¡ rd fd ljdkj dk lUnsg cgqr gn rd nwj gks x;k vkSj lc cUèku Lor% 1869 esa gVk fy;s x;sA cUèku&eqDr gksrs gh yksxksa dk tks'k c<+kA bruk c<+k fd l¡Hkkyuk dfBu gks x;kA blh ls 1872 esa vifjiDo foæksg mB [kM+k gqvk] ftlds dkj.k lkjk fojkV vkUnksyu fil x;kA ijUrq ml eq[; ?kVuk ij dqN fy[kus ls igys Jh xq# th ds O;fDrxr pfj=k lEcUèkh dqN euksjatd ckrksa dk mYys[k djuk vuqfpr u gksxkA xq# jke ¯lg cM+s rstLoh rFkk çHkko'kkyh O;fDr FksA muds vlkèkkj.k vkRecy lEcUèkh cgqr&lh ckrsa çfl¼ gSaA dgrs gSa fd os ftlds dku esa nh{kk dk eU=k iQw¡d nsrs Fks ogh mudk ije HkDr rFkk f'k\"; gks tkrk FkkA tc ;g ckr t+jk çfl¼ gqbZ rks nks cnek'k vaxstz + muds ikl mudh 'kfDr dh ijh{kk ysus x;sA mUgksaus dgk Fkk] ¶ns[ksaxs] xq# th dk ge ij D;k çHkko iM+rk gS\\¸ ijUrq nh{kk ds ckn ls os muds dV~Vj HkDr cu x;s vkSj rc ls muds O;fDrxr nks\"k Hkh feV x;sA blh rjg MkWDVj xksdypUn ih&,p-Mh- ,d ys[k esa fy[krs gSa fd mudh nknh dk HkkbZ ,d cM+k pfj=kghu O;fDr Fkk] vkSj mls gqDds dk O;lu FkkA dsoy ,d ckj gh xq# jke ¯lg th ds n'kZuksa us mudk thou ,dne ifjo£rr dj fn;kA mudk gqDdk rks ,dne NwV x;k vkSj 'ks\"k lkjk thou bZ'ojksikluk esa gh chrkA blh rjg ,d vkSj euq\"; ftlus fd dHkh dksbZ gR;k dj nh Fkh] og Hkh xq# th ls nhf{kr gqvkA fiQj mlus viusvki dks dksVZ esa i's k dj fn;k vkjS viuk vijkèk Lohdkj dj fy;kA tc tt us vR;Ur vk'p;Z ds lkFk iwNk] ¶rqEgsa rks dksbZ tkurk Hkh u Fkk vkSj gR;k lEcUèkh ckr dk rqe fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 147

ij lUnsg Hkh u Fkk] fiQj rqeus ,dk,d vijkèk Lohdkj dj e`R;q dk vkàku D;ksa fd;k\\¸ rks mlus dgk] ¶esjs xq# th dh ,slh gh vkKk gSA¸ ljdkj us Hkh ijh{kk djuh pkghA ,d lc&baLisDVj dks HkstkA og Hkh çlUu FkkA mls vk'kk Fkh fd lc Hkns [kkys dj dNq ijq Ldkj ik;xs kA x#q th ds n'kuZ fd;As ykVS vk;kA ykVS rs gh R;kxi=k ns fn;kA viQ+ ljkas us iNw k] ¶jke ¯lg D;k dgrk g\\S ¸ dgk] ¶crkus dh vkKk ughAa ¸ iNw k x;k] ¶R;kxi=k D;kas nrs s gk\\s ¸ mÙkj fn;k] ¶x#q th dh ;gh vkKk gSA os dgrs gSa] fons'kh 'kkldksa dh ukSdjh er djksA¸ ,slh vusd ?kVuk,¡ gSaA tks Hkh gks] bruk rks ekuuk gh iM+sxk fd xq# th b'Z oj&HkfDr rFkk mPp pfj=k ds dkj.k ,d egku 'kfDr'kkyh egki#q \"k FkAs vr% mijksDr ?kVuk,¡ vlEHko ughaA vLrqA ljdkj ;g ckr ns[kdj ?kcjk;h vkSj mls lkjs vkUnksyu dks nckus dh fpUrk gqbZA ;g Hkh LokHkkfod gh FkkA vifjiDo foIyo dk çkjEHk 1869 esa lc cUèku gVk fn;s x;sA yksx lgÏksa dh la[;k esa HkS.kh vkus yxsA lu~ 1871 b-Z esa dqN dwds ohj ve`rlj esa ls xqt+j jgs FksA lquk] eqlyeku cwpM+ vla[; xkSvksa dh fuR; fgUnqvksa dks fp<+kus ds fy, muds lkeus gR;k djrs gSaA fgUnw lekt dks cgqr d\"V gksrk gSA dV~Vj xks&HkDr dwds ;g lc lgu u dj ldsA mUgksaus cwpM+[k+kus ij vkØe.k dj fn;k vkSj lHkh cwpM+ksa dks ogha <sj dj fn;k vkjS vki Hk.S kh dh vkjs py fn;As ve`rlj ds lHkh çfrf\"Br fgUnw fxjÝr+ kj dj fy;s x;sA mèkj xq# th dks oSls Hkh lkjk lekpkj fey pqdk Fkk] bèkj bu dwdksa us tkrs gh lc dgkuh dg lquk;hA xq# th us vkKk nh] ¶tkvks tkdj viuk vijkèk Lohdkj dj yks vkSj mu funksZ\"k yksxksa dks foifÙk ls cpkvksA¸ vkKk dk ikyu gvq kA fujijkèk ykxs NVw x;s vkjS ;s ohj vR;Ur vkuUn vkjS g\"kZ ds lkFk iQk¡lh ij yVd x;sA ,slh gh ,d ?kVuk jk;dksV esa Hkh gks x;hA ogk¡ ij Hkh dbZ dwdksa dks iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;k FkkA ijUrq ogk¡ ij 'ks\"k flD[kksa us vuqHko fd;k fd muds funksZ\"k lkFkh iQk¡lh ij yVdk;s x;s gSaA çfr¯glk dh vfXu çp.M gks mBh] ijUrq dksbZ fo'ks\"k ?kVuk ugha gqbZA 13 tuojh] lu~ 1872 dks HkS.kh esa ek?kh dk esyk gksus okyk FkkA yksx nwj&nwj ls gt+kjksa dh la[;k esa vkus yxsA ,d dwdk ukeèkkjh1 ohj eysj dksVyk 1- xq# jkeèkkjh ds vuq;k;h ukeèkkjh rFkk dwdk dgykrs FksA ukeèkkjh blfy, fd xq# th ds mins'k dk vkèkkj LrEHk ^bZ'oj dk uke* FkkA ml mins'k vkSj nh{kk ikus ds ckn çR;ds eu\"q ; ^ukeèkkjh* vFkok ^b'Z oj&uke dks ân; eas èkkj.k fd;s g,q * dgykrk FkkA ddw k blfy, fd os Hkxon~tu esa rUe; gksdj [+kwc 'kksj epkrs Fks] vr% dwdus okys ^dwdk* dgykrs FksA 148 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

uked eqlyeku fj;klr dh blh uke dh jktèkkuh esa ls xqt+j jgk Fkk] ogk¡ ij mlus ,d eqlyeku dks ns[kk tks ,d cSy ij vR;Ur cks> ykns] Lo;a ml ij cSBk gqvk mls ihVrk tk jgk FkkA cSy cM+s d\"V ls py jgk FkkA ;g ns[kdj ml dwds us ml eqlyeku ls dgk] ¶HkkbZ! bruk vR;kpkj u djksA cks> igys gh T+;knk gS] rqe uhps mrj vkvks rks D;k gt+Z gks\\¸ ijUrq ml eqlyeku us rqjUr mls nks&pkj xkfy;k¡ ns nhaA dwdk flD[k dksbZ Hkh# ;k dk;j rks Fkk gh ugha] b±V dk tokc iRFkj ls feykA ukScr gkFkkikbZ rd vk x;hA eqlyeku fj;klr ds eneÙk eqlyeku deZpkjh mls idM+dj dksrokyh esa ys x;s] tgk¡ ij ml x+jhc dks vusdkusd ;kruk,¡ rFkk vieku lgu djus iM+sA vkSj ckn esa] ml cSy dk] mlds ikl cSBkdj] mldh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus] oèk dj fn;k x;kA ;g vlá FkkA NVw rs gh og ohj Hk.S kh igp¡q kA mlus Hkjs fnoku eas Øjw vkrrkb;kas ds mu vR;kpkjkas dk fooj.k rFkk viuh d#.k dFkk dg lquk;hA yksx rks jk;dksV dh ?kVuk ls ifgys gh mÙksftr gks jgs Fks] ml ij ;g ?kVuk gks x;hA tyrh ij rsy iM+k vkSj HkHkd mBhA fut ckgcq y ds Hkjkls s cnyk pdq kus dk fu'p; gks x;kA tk's k c<r+ k ns[kdj xq# th rfud ?kcjk;sA xys esa diM+k Mkydj çkFkZuk dh] ¶[kkylk th! D;k vuFkZ djus tk jgs gksA t+jk 'kkfUr rFkk lgu'khyrk ls dke yhft;sA t+jk lkspks rks lgh] bl lcdk D;k ifj.kke gksxk\\ lkjk cuk&cuk;k dke fcxM+ tk;sxkA¸ xq# th ds bl çdkj le>kus ij cgqr&ls yksxksa dk tks'k rks B.Mk gks x;k] ijUrq 150 O;fDr çfr¯glk dh mxz ew£r;k¡ cu mBsA mudk tks'k u FkekA xq# th us yk[k le>kus dh ps\"Vk dh] ijUrq ,d lkFkh dk vieku muds fy, vlá gks mBk FkkA cM+h fodV ifjfLFkfr FkhA dke vèkwjk gh Fkk vkSj dksbZ rS;kjh u dh x;h FkhA ,ls h n'kk eas bu 150 mÙkfs tr ykxs kas dk lkFk nus s ls lkjk vkUnkys u fil tkus dh lEHkkouk FkhA μ D;k fd;k tk;s\\ ¯ddÙkZO;foew<+ dh Hkk¡fr lHkh ns[k jgs Fks vkSj ns[k jgs Fks xq# th HkhA vkSj dksbZ nwljk O;fDr ,sls le; D;k djrk\\ vFkok ,sls le; ij yksx D;k djus dh lykg ns ldrs gSa\\ bl ckr dk gesa irk ugha] bldh fpUrk Hkh ughaA nwjn'khZ xq# jke ¯lg us ml le; ;gh lkspk fd ;s mÙksftr yksx rks 'kkUr gks ugha jgs gSa] budh bPNkuqlkj vHkh foæksg [kM+k djus dh rks rS;kjh ugha dh x;h vkSj vHkh rks bPNkuqlkj lc laxBu Hkh ugha gqvkA bl le; ;fn ;s tk;sa vkSj ge ljdkj ij ;g çdV dj nsa fd gekjk buls dksbZ lEcUèk ugha rks 'ks\"k vkUnksyu cp tk;sxkA ckr rks vPNh nh[k iM+rh gS] ijUrq jktuhfrd pkyksa dk egÙo mudh liQyrk ij fuHkZj gqvk djrk gSA xq# th us ;g pky pyh Fkh] og fu\"iQy gqbZA iklk myV x;kA ;gh mudk xq#rj vijkèk FkkA mUgksaus mlh le; iqfyl dks [k+cj ns nh fd ^;s yksx mÙksftr fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 149

gksdj mudh vkKkvksa rFkk çkFkZukvksa dh mis{kk djds >xM+s&i+Qlkn ds fy, tk jgs gSaA eSa vHkh ls iqfyl dks lc lekpkj nsdj lrdZ dj nsuk pkgrk gw¡A og muls fuiV ysA eSa vuFkZ dk mÙkjnk;h ugha gw¡A* yqfèk;kuk ds rRdkyhu fMIVh dfe'uj fe- Cowan vius 15 tuojh ds i=k esa vEckyk&dfe'uj dks bl ?kVuk ds ckjs esa bl çdkj fy[krs gSa μ He (a police reporter) stated to me that Ram Singh, the leader of the kookas, went to those men, with a turban around his neck, and entreated them not to create a disturbance; and they would not listen to him; and that Ram Singh then came to the Deputy Inspector and reported to him that these men were upto mischief, and that he had no control over them. ijUrq ml le; ljdkj ;k iqfyl tku&cw>dj pqi jghA pqipki mudks vxa tsz + jkT; eas ls fj;klr eas ?klq us fn;kA mlh le; mu lcdks fxjÝr+ kj D;kas ugha dj fy;k x;k\\ dqN fnuksa ds ckn mudk tks'k B.Mk gks gh tkrkA ijUrq ugha] ljdkj rks Lo;a pkgrh Fkh fd mls dksbZ volj feys] ftlls og vkUnksyu dqpyk tk ldsA bl le; euksokafNr lqvolj fey x;kA yksxksa dk rks ;gk¡ rd dguk gS fd mu yksxksa dks mÙksftr djus esa Hkh ljdkjh vknfe;ksa dk gkFk FkkA [k+Sj] mlds lEcUèk esa dqN u dg ldus ij Hkh ge ljdkj ij tku&cw>dj piq jgus dk vijkèk yxk ldrs gAaS vLr]q os 150 ddw s ohj ifV;kyk ds lhekUr fLFkr jCcw xk¡o ds ckgj tk BgjsA jkrHkj ogha foJke fd;kA vxys fnu Hkh ogha jgsA 'kk;n vkSj lkfFk;ksa dh çrh{kk dj jgs FksA 14 tuojh] lu~ 1872 bZ- dks lk;adky mUgksaus dqN flD[k ljnkjksa ds eyksèk (Malodh) uked fo+Qys ij vkØe.k dj fn;kA bl fo+Qys ij vkØe.k D;ksa fd;k x;k\\ blds lEcUèk esa fMfLVªDV xtsfV;j esa fy[kk gS fd mUgsa vk'kk Fkh fd ;g ljnkj foæksg esa mudk usr`Ro ysaxsA lEHko gS] ifgys fojkV vk;kstu esa ,slh gh rS;kjh jgh gks vkSj ml le; mUgksaus vifjiDo foæksg mBrk ns[k lgk;rk nus s vFkok urs `Ro yus s ls bUdkj dj fn;k gkAs [kjS+ ] ddw kas us ogk¡ vkØe.k dj fn;k vkjS dNq 'kL=k] dNq ?kkMs s+ rFkk ,d rkis yds j pyrs cuAs ogk¡ ij nkus kas vksj ds nks&nks O;fDr ejs vkSj dqN ?kk;y gq,A vxys fnu çkr%dky 7 cts os eysj dksVyk igq¡p x;sA ljdkj us ifV;kyk rFkk eysj dksVyk nksuksa jkT;ksa dks igys ls lrdZ dj fn;k FkkA eysj dksVyk dh j{kk ds fy, fo'ks\"k rkSj ls rS;kjh dh x;h Fkh] ijUrq bu nq%lkglh ohjksa us bl osx ls vkØe.k fd;k fd 'kgj esa rks D;k] egy rd esa tk ?kqlsA [k+t+kuk ywVus dh dksf'k'k gksus yxhA ywV gh rks fy;k gksrk ijUrq nqHkkZX;o'k Hkwy ls ,d vkSj njokt+k rksM+us esa cgqr le; u\"V gks x;k] tgk¡ fd dqN O;FkZ ds dkx+t+ksa ds 150 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vfrfjDr muds gkFk dqN u yxk vkSj mèkj mUgsa 'kh?kz gh ogk¡ ls Hkkxuk iM+kA 8 dks ekjdj] 15 dks ?kk;y dj vkSj dqN 'kL=k rFkk ?kksM+s ysdj os ogk¡ ls py fudysA muds lkr lkFkh ejs vkSj ik¡p idM+s x;s vFkok ?kk;y gks x;sA muds ihNs dksVyk ds l'kL=k lSfud Hkh Hkkxs vkSj μ A sort of running fight was kept along, shots fired, and many more Kookas were wounded, till both parties reached the village of Ruir in the Patiala state; the Kookas carrying most of the wounded with them. jM+ xk¡o ds fudVorhZ taxy esa os fNi x;sA f'koiqj ds uk;c ukfte us mu ij fiQj vkØe.k fd;kA fiQj yM+kbZ fNM+h] ijUrq dwds Fkds&ek¡ns Fks] Hkw[ks&I;kls Fks] vkSj Fks ?kk;y fcuk ejge&iV~Vh dsA os idM+s x;sA 68 O;fDr idM+s x;s Fks ftuesa ls 28 ?kk;y gks pqds FksA ;gh ?kVuk ^foæksg* dgykrh gSA fe- dkou vius ,d i=k esa fy[krk gS μ It looks like the commencement of an insurrection... vkSj ,d LFkku ij fy[krk gS μ I propose to execute at once all who were engaged in attacks on Malodh and Malarkotla. I am sensible of great responsibility in exercising an authority which is not vested in me, but the case in an exceptional one. These men are not ordinary criminals. They are rebels, having for their immediate object the acquisition of plunder, and ulteriorly the sub- version of order. It is certain that had their first attempts been crowned with success, had they succeeded in arming themselves with horses and treasures, they would have been joined by all the abandoned charities in the country and their extinction would not be effected without much trouble. ;s 68 O;fDr 17 tuojh dks eysj dksVyk yk;s x;sA muesa ls nks fL=k;k¡ Hkh FkhaA os ifV;kyk LVsV dh ukxfjd FkhaA mUgsa rks LVsV ds lqiqnZ dj fn;k x;k vkSj 'ks\"k 66 esa ls ipkl dks ogha rksi ls mM+k nsus dk fu'p; gks pqdk FkkA viuh&viuh ckjh ls lkuUn lÙk Jh vdky vkfn t;?kks\"k djrs gq,] rksi ds eq¡g ls c¡èk tkrsA ,d ckj èkekds dh vkokt+ gksrh vkSj og dwdk ohj bl lalkj ls u tkus fdèkj pyk tkrkA mu fanatics dks e`R;q dk Hk; ugha gqvk] os ge ^le>nkj* yksxksa dh rjg e`R;q dh dYiuk&ek=k ls gh Fkj&Fkj dk¡i ugha mBsA ,sls gh ^ew[kZ* vkSj dgk¡ fdruh la[;k esa fey ldrs gSa\\ ml le; LokFkZ ds fy, ejus okys yksx blh rjg çlUu jg ldrs] blh rjg g¡lrs gq, e`R;q ls vk¯yxu dj ikrs] ;g vlEHko tku iM+rk gSA vkRelEeku] ns'kfgr rFkk LorU=krk çkfIr vkfn u tkus fdu&fdu mPp Hkkoksa dh çsj.kk ls og e`R;qat; cu ik;s FksA blh ls ge mudh bl mÙkstuk rFkk tYnckt+h dks fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 151

Hkwydj ç.kE; le>us esa ckfèkr (dks ckè;) gksrs gSaA [k+Sj! ,d&,d djds 49 rks rksi ls mM+k fn;s x;s] ijUrq ipklosa us] tksfd rsjg o\"khZ; ckyd Fkk] ogk¡ i+Qlkn [kM+k dj fn;kA fe- dkou ,d i=k esa fy[krk gS μ It was my intention to have had 50 men blown away, and to have sent the remaining 16 rebels to Malodh to be executed there tomorrow, but one escaped from the guards and made a furious attack on me, seizing me by the beard and endeavouring to strangle me; and as he was a very powerful man, I had considerable difficulty in releasing myself...The of- ficials whom he attacked drew their sword and cut him down. blh ?kVuk ds lEcUèk eas tks ckr lquh tkrh gS og ;w¡ gS fd 50ok¡ O;fDr ,d rjs g o\"kh;Z ckyd FkkA mls n[s kdj felts + dkou dks n;k vk;hA mlus vius ifr ls mls NksM+ nsus dks dgkA iRuh dh çsj.kk ls fe- dkou us >qddj ml ckyd ls dgk] ¶vjs] ikth jke ¯lg dk lkFk NksM+ nks vkSj dg nks] eSa mldk vuq;k;h ugha gw¡] rqEgsa NksM+ fn;k tk;sxkA¸ ohj ckyd vius xq# ds çfr ;g viekutud 'kCn lgu u dj ldkA Øq¼ ¯lg dh rjg og >iVk vkSj mlus dkou dks nk<+h ls idM+ fy;k vkSj rc rd u NksM+k] tc rd mlds nksuksa gkFk u dkV fn;s x;s vkSj ryokjksa ls o+QRy u dj fn;k x;kA vLrq] bl rjg ml nq[kkUr ukVd dk ,d vkSj ioZ lekIr gks x;kA fcuk vfHk;ksx pyk;s 50 dks rksi ls mM+k nsuk] summary execution dj nsuk ,dne vuqfpr nh[k iM+rk gAS mèkj fe- iQk£lFk] vEckyk&dfe'uj us mUgsa ,d i=k esa fy[k fn;k Fkk fd fcuk vfHk;ksx pyk;s fdlh dks e`R;qn.M er nsuk] ijUrq fe- dkou us euekuh dj Mkyh vkSj tc fe- dkou ij ckn esa eqo+Qnek pyk rks mUgksaus dfe'uj lkfgc dk vxys fnu dk i=k] ftlesa muds bl dk;Z dh ç'kalk dh x;h Fkh] is'k fd;kA ijUrq mlds lEcUèk esa fe- iQk£lFk dk dguk gS fd eSaus ifjfLFkfr ukT+kqd tku ;g mfpr le>k fd yksxksa dks ¯dfpr&ek=k Hkh lUnsg u gksus ik;s fd vi+Qljksa esa Hkh vkil esa dqN [ksapkrkuh gks jgh gSA vr% mlds fiNys dk;Z dh ç'kalk dj vkSj summary execution djus ls euk dj fn;k FkkA ijUrq 'ks\"k 16 O;fDr;ksa dks Hkh rks vxys gh fnu iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA mu ohjksa dh e`R;q ds çfr mis{kk us vi+Qljksa dks Hkh çHkkfor dj fn;k FkkA Mr. E. Perkinson, Deputy Superintendent Police viuh 17 tuojh dh fjikVs Z esa nks O;fDr;ksa ds lEcUèk esa fy[krs gSa μ Both Hira Singh and Lehna Singh the leaders taken. They are gen- erally well dressed and well to do men; but have the appearance of bold and determined looking fellows. 152 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

bèkj rks ;g lcdqN gks jgk Fkk] mèkj fMIVh dfe'uj us xq# jke ¯lg dks cqyk;k vkSj ?kj ykSVk fn;k] D;ksafd og le>rk Fkk fd os funksZ\"k gSa] D;ksafd mUgksaus mu mUeÙk rFkk mÙksftr dwdksa dh [k+cj nsdj iqfyl dks pkSdUuk dj fn;k FkkA xq# jke ¯lg dh funksZ\"krk ds lEcèk esa iatkc ljdkj us Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;w¡ fy[kk μ No direct evidence against Ram Singh in this case is sufficient to put him on this trial. ijUrq 17 tuojh dks dfe'uj dh vkKk ls ?kqM+lokj rFkk nwljh iqfyl us duZy ck;yh (Baille) ds usr`Ro esa] vè;{krk esa HkS.kh uxj dks ,dk,d ?ksj fy;kA lc yksxksa dks ;g ns[kdj cgqr vk'p;Z gqvk] ijUrq tc mUgsa ekywe gqvk fd ljdkj mUgsa idM+uk pkgrh gS rc mUgksaus viusvki dks 'kkfUriwoZd iqfyl ds gokys dj fn;kA ml le; xq# jke ¯lg ds lkFk pkj O;fDr] pkj fofHkUu LFkkuksa ds lwcs Jh lkfgc ¯lg] Jh tokfgj ¯lg] Jh xq#nÙk ¯lg rFkk Jh rUuw ¯lg Hkh FkAs mUgas Hkh fxjÝr+ kj dj fy;k x;kA mUgas ifgys rks bykgkckn Hkts k x;k vkjS ckn eas jxa uw Hkts fn;k x;kA ;g fxjÝr+ kjh jxs yw 's ku 1818 ds vulq kj gbq Z FkhA ;gha ij xq# jke ¯lg th dh og pky myVh iM+hA ;fn ml le; os cps jgrs rks fiQj 'kh?kz gh lc fLFkfr l¡Hky tkrhA bèkj T;ksa&T;ksa çkUrHkj esa foæksg dk lekpkj iQSyus yxk] R;ksa&R;ksa ;s yksx HkS.kh dh vksj tkus yxsA lc yksxksa dk fopkj Fkk fd ftl fnu dh çrh{kk Fkh] og vk x;kA bèkj iqfyl Hkh pkSdUuh gks x;h FkhA tgk¡ dksbZ dwds fey tkrs ogha ij mUgas fxjÝr+ kj dj fy;k tkrkA blh rjg 172 ddw kas ds ,d xVq ls duyZ ck;yh dh HkVas gks x;hA mueas ls pkj rks fofHkUu LFkkukas ds lcw s μ Jh cãz k ¯lg] Jh dkgu ¯lg] Jh igkM+k ¯lg rFkk Jh gqdqe ¯lg rks rqjUr ifgys yqfèk;kuk vkSj fiQj xq# th ds ikl bykgkckn Hkst fn;s x;s vkSj 120 ?kjksa dks ykSVk fn;s x;s vkSj 'ks\"k ipkl μ Having no homes and ostensible means of living, being in fact, a dangerous clan of this sort who having sold all they possessed, hold themselves in readiness to perform any act that their leaders may order. μ dks tsy esa cUn dj fn;k x;kA bl rjg dqN gh fnuksa esa lc ekeyk 'kkUr gks x;kA mlds ckn μ lcdqN gks pqdkA ukVd dh eq[; ?kVuk gks pqdhA vc rks dFkk lekIr djus dks ifjf'k\"V&ek=k 'ks\"k gSA fe- dkou vkSj fe- iQk£lFk ij summary execution djus dk vfHk;ksx pykA mUgksaus iatkc dh Hkh\"k.k fLFkfr dk jksekapdkjh fp=k.k djus esa dksbZ dlj mBk u j[kh vkSj iqjLdkj ikus dh fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 153

vk'kk çdV dhA fe- dkou dks rks inP;qr dj baXyS.M Hkst fn;k x;k vkSj fe- iQk£lFk dks iatkc ls voèk mlh in ij rCnhy dj fn;kA ipkl dks rksi ls mM+kus vkSj 16 dks iQk¡lh ns Mkyus μ vkSj og Hkh fcuk vfHk;ksx pyk;s] fcuk mu yksxksa dks li+QkbZ nsus dk volj fn;s μ ds vijkèk dh ;g lt+k nh x;hA Sir Henry Cotton ds 'kCnksa esa rks ;g n.M ,dne vi;kZIr vFkok ukdki+Qh Fkk ijUrq ,saXyks bf.M;u lekpkji=kksa us bruk Hkh n.M nsus ds fo#¼ cgqr cosyk epk;k FkkA bèkj 'ks\"k dwdk lekt ij cgqr vR;kpkj gksus yxsA xq# jke ¯lg ds ckn Jh gfj ¯lg xq# cusA mUgsa HkS.kh esa ut+jcUn dj fn;k x;kA xq#}kjs ds ckgj iqfyl dh pkSdh fcBk nh x;hA Ng o\"kZ rd rks HkS.kh dh ,slh n'kk jgh ekuks 'k=kq ?ksjk Mkys iM+k gksA u dksbZ ckgj ls Hkhrj vk ldrk] u dksbZ Hkhrj ls ckgj tk ikrkA fiQj èkhjs&èkhjs dqN&dqN yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk [kqykA ml le; Hkh gfj ¯lg ckgj ugha vk ldrs Fks μ blds ckotwn fd vkus&tkus dh vkKk gks x;h FkhA vkus okys ;kf=k;ksa dks cgqr rax fd;k tkrk FkkA cqjh rjg viekfur fd;k tkrk] e'q das dldj èkiw eas Mky fn;k tkrk] tgk¡ cps kjkas dks ?k.Vkas >yq luk iM+rkA pkjikbZ ds uhps gkFk nckdj dbZ vkneh pkjikbZ ij cSB tkrsA mu ij gqDds dk xUnk cncwnkj ikuh Mky fn;k tkrkA ;g lc vR;kpkj djus okys blh ns'k ds fuoklh gksrs Fks vkSj bu ;krukvksa dks pqipki lgu djus okys Hkh blh ns'k ds vHkkxs fuoklhA vkSj vc rks ;g fujk èkk£ed lEçnk; jg x;k FkkA ijUrq iatkc çkUr dk bfrgkl cM+k jksekapdkjh gSA lekt dk lekt Outlaws ?kksf\"kr gqvk rks iatkc esa] fdlh lEçnk; ds lHkh ds lHkh yksx Hkh\"k.k vR;kpkjksa dk f'kdkj gq, rks iatkc esa vkSj fiQj gt+kjksa dk lkjs dk lkjk vkUnksyu unlawful oQ+ jkj fn;k x;k rks ita kc eAas bl ckj Hkh ,ls k gh gvq kA çR;ds ddw k viu&s vius ?kj esa ut+jcUn FkkA fcuk iqfyl dh vkKk ds dgha ckgj u tk ldrkA vkKk ysus tkus ds ekuh gksrs] iqfyl ds vdFkuh; vR;kpkj] rFkk vieku lgu djuk vkSj (dbZ) fnuksa rd Hkw[ks&I;kls rM+irs jgdj ckgj tkus dh vkKk ik;s fcuk pqipki ?kj vkdj cSB tkukA ;g n'kk cgqr fnuksa rd pyh vkSj cfUn'ksa rks vc 1920 esa vkdj vlg;ksx ds fnuksa esa gVk;h x;haA vLrq! xq# jke ¯lg th cekZ eas gh ut+jcUn jgsA fM- xtsfV;j esa fy[kk gS μ \"Finally he died in Burma in 1885\". ijUrq 1920 esa MLdk fuoklh Jh vkye ¯lg bta hfu;j us ,d ys[k }kjk mijksDr ckr dk [k.Mu fd;k FkkA mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk fd os nks vkSj lkfFk;ksa lfgr Lower Burma dh fdlh iksVZ ls yklV }hi tk jgs FksA ml iksVZ dk uke Hkksyehu FkkA ogk¡ ij ,d fnu ,d cM+s rstLoh O;fDr dks ifq yl dh fuxjkuh eas ljS djrs n[s kdj muds lEcUèk eas dNq iNw rkN 154 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

djus ij ekywe gqvk fd ;s iatkc ds jktk gSaA og le>s 'kk;n egkjktk fnyhi ¯lg gksa] ijUrq ckn dks ekywe gqvk fd og dwdk xq# jke ¯lg th gSaA ml le; muds lkFk mudk ,d lwck yD[kk ¯lg Hkh FkkA muls feyus ij [+kwc ckrphr gqbZ vkSj ekywe gqvk fd mUgsa ik¡p ehy rd ckgj lSj djus dh vkKk FkhA [k+Sj! ljdkj us bl ys[k dk dHkh çfrokn Hkh ugha fd;kA tks Hkh gks] ekywe ,slk gh gksrk gS fd xq# th vc bl lalkj esa ugha gSa] ijUrq dwdk yksxksa dk fo'okl gS fd os vHkh thfor gSaA [k+Sj! vkt Hkh iatkc esa dwdk lEçnk; fo|eku gSA muesa bZ'oj&HkfDr dk vHkh rd çkèkkU; gAS cgrq lojs s mBdj d's kh Luku dj ?k.Vkas rd Hkxon~Hktu eas yhu jguk] mudk fuR; fu;e gSA ekal] efnjk] vkfn oLrqvksa ds ç;ksx ds dV~Vj fojksèkh gSaA ,d lhèkh ixM+h] ,d yEck dqrkZ vkSj ,d dPNk μ ;gh mudk igukok gSA ,d dEcy vkSj ,d Mksydk&lk cuk gqvk cM+k&lk yksVk vkSj ,d Vdqvk ftls os liQktax cksyrs gSa μ ;gh mudk lkeku gSA xys esa lwr dh cuh gqbZ ,d lqUnj ekyk jgrh gSA muesa Hkh ,d fo'ks\"k eLrkuk ny gksrk gSA os 'kcn&dhrZu djrs gq, ,dne lqèk&cqèk Hkwy tkrs gSaA bu yksxksa ds ladhrZu ls çR;sd O;fDr çiQqfYyr rFkk jksekafpr&lk gks tkrk gSA [+kwu [kkSyus yxrk gS] vk¡[kksa esa çse rFkk HkfDr ds vk¡lw Hkj vkrs gSaA X;kjgosa vkSj ckjgosa xq# esa fo'okl j[kus ds dkj.k rFkk ekal] efnjk ds dV~Vj fojksèkh gksus ds dkj.k os 'ks\"k flD[k lekt ls tqnk gSaA muesa lekurk dk Hkko çcy gksrk gSA gksyh vkfn ds volj ij muds fo'ks\"k mRlo gksrs gSa] tgk¡ rd fd [+kwc gkse ;K gksrk gAS 'ks\"k flD[k blds fojksèkh gaAS dwds vius dks fgUnw ekurs gaS] 'ks\"k flD[k ughaA foxr vdkyh vkUnksyu ds fnuksa esa mUgksaus vdkfy;ksa dk dqN fojksèk fd;k Fkk ftlls mudh fLFkfr dqN [k+jkc gks x;hA rFkkfi os vius <ax ds fujkys yksx gSaA mUgsa ns[k ,d ml vèkf[kys iQwy dh ;kn vkrh gS tks f[kyrs gh ely Mkyk x;k gkAs x#q jke ¯lg th dh gljras fny&dh&fny gh esa jg x;h FkhaA muds 'ks\"k lHkh vuq;kf;;ksa dk vkRecfynku Hkh foLe`r gks x;kA mu vKkr yksxksa ds cfynkuksa dk D;k ifj.kke gqvk] lks ogh loZK Hkxoku tkusA ijUrq ge rks mudh liQyrk&foiQyrk dk fopkj NksM+ muds fu\"dke cfynku dh ;kn esa ,d ckj ueLdkj djrs gSaA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 155

ddw k foækgs % nks vDVwcj] 1928 esa ^fdjrh* ekfld if=kdk esa Hkxr¯lg us ^;qx iyVus dk vfXudq.M* 'kh\"kZd ls iatkc ds r[+rkiyV vkUnksyuksa ds bfrgkl ds :i esa ys[k fy[ksA ;g ys[k mUgksaus ^foæksgh* ds uke ls fy[kk FkkA μ l- vkt ge iatkc ds r[+rk iyVus ds vkUnksyu vkSj iksfyfVdy tkx`fr dk bfrgkl ikBdksa ds lkeus j[k jgs gSaA iatkc esa lcls igyh iksfyfVdy gypy ddw k vkUnkys u ls 'k:q gkrs h gAS olS s rks og vkUnkys u lkEçnkf;d&lk utj+ vkrk gS] ysfdu t+jk x+kSj ls ns[ksa rks og cM+k Hkkjh iksfyfVdy vkUnksyu Fkk] ftlesa èkeZ Hkh feyk gqvk Fkk] ftl rjg fd flD[k vkUnksyu esa igys èkeZ vkSj jktuhfr feyh&tqyh FkhA [k+Sj] ge ns[krs gSa fd gekjh vkil dh lkEçnkf;drk vkSj raxfnyh dk ;gh ifj.kke fudyrk gS fd ge vius cM+s&cM+s egkiq#\"kksa dks bl rjg Hkwy tkrs gSa tSlsfd os gq, gh u gksaA ;gh fLFkfr ge vius cM+s Hkkjh egkiq#\"k ^xq#* jke ¯lg ds lEcUèk esa ns[krs gSaA ge ^xq#* ugha dg ldrs vkSj os xq# dgrs gSa] blhfy, gekjk muls dksbZ lEcUèk ugha μ vkfn ckrsa dgdj geus mUgsa nwj iQsad j[kk gSA ;gh iatkc dk lcls cM+k ?kkVk gSA caxky ds ftrus Hkh cM+s&cM+s vkneh gq, gSa] mudh gj lky cjfl;k¡ euk;h tkrh gSa] lHkh v[k+ckjksa esa mu ij ys[k fn;s tkrs gSa] ;g le>k tkrk gS fd ekSo+Qk feyk rks bl ij fiQj fopkj djsaxs vkSj tks elkyk feyk] og ikBdksa ds lkeus is'k djsaxsA iatkc dks lks;s FkksM+s gh fnu gq, Fks] ysfdu uhan cM+h xgjh vk;hA gkyk¡fd vc fiQj gks'k vkus yxk gSA cM+k Hkkjh vkUnksyu mBkA mls nckus dh dksf'k'k dh x;hA dqN bZ'oj us fLFkfr Hkh ,slh gh iSnk dj nh μ og vkUnksyu Hkh dqpy fn;k x;kA ml vkUnksyu dk uke Fkk ^dwdk vkUnksyu*A dqN èkk£ed] dqN lkekftd jax&:i j[krs gq, Hkh og vkUnksyu ,d r[+rk iyVus dk ugha] ;qx iyVus dk FkkA pf¡w d vc bu lHkh vkUnkys ukas dk bfrgkl ;g crkrk gS fd vktk+ nh ds fy, yM+us okys yksxksa dk ,d vyx gh oxZ cu tkrk gS] ftuesa u nqfu;k dk eksg gksrk gS vkSj u ik[k.Mh lkèkqvksa tSlk nqfu;k dk R;kx ghA tks flikgh rks gksrs 156 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Fks ysfdu HkkM+s ds fy, yM+us okys ugha] cfYd fli+QZ vius i+Qt+Z ds fy, ;k fdlh dke ds fy, dgsa_ os fu\"dke Hkko ls yM+rs vkjS ejrs FksA flD[k bfrgkl ;gh dqN Fkk] ejkBksa dk vkUnksyu Hkh ;gh dqN crkrk gSA jk.kk çrki ds lkFkh jktiwr Hkh blh rjg ds ;ks¼k FksA cqUnsy[k.M ds ohj N=klky ds lkFkh Hkh ,sls FkAs ,ls s gh ykxs kas dk ,d oxZ inS k djus okys ckck jke ¯lg us çpkj vkjS lxa Bu 'kq: fd;kA ckck jke ¯lg dk tUe 1824 esa yqfèk;kuk ft+ys ds HkS.kh xk¡o esa gqvkA vkidk tUe c<+bZ ?kjkus esa gqvkA tokuh esa egkjktk j.kthr ¯lg dh lsuk esa ukSdjh dhA bZ'oj&HkfDr vfèkd gksus ls ukSdjh&pkdjh NksM+dj xk¡o tk jgsA uke dk çpkj 'kq: dj fn;kA 1857 ds x+nj esa tks&tks T+kqYe gq,] os lc ns[kdj vkSj iatkc dh x+íkjh ns[kdj dqN vlj t+:j gqvk gksxkA fo+QLlk ;g fd ckck jke ¯lg th us mins'k 'kq: djok fn;kA lkFk&lkFk crkrs x;s fd ^fiQjafx;ksa* ls iatkc dh eqfDr cgqr t+:jh gSA mUgksaus rc ml vlg;ksx dk çpkj fd;k] tSls o\"kks± ckn 1920 esa egkRek xkè¡ kh us fd;kA muds dk;ØZ e eas vxa tsz h+ jkt dh f'k{kk] ukdS jh] vnkyrkas vkfn dk vkSj fons'kh pht+ksa dk cfg\"dkj rks Fkk gh] lkFk esa jsy vkSj rkj dk Hkh cfg\"dkj fd;k x;k FkkA igys&igys fli+QZ uke dk gh mins'k gksrk FkkA gk¡] ;g t+:j dgk tkrk Fkk fd 'kjkc&ekal dk ç;ksx fcYdqy cUn dj fn;k tk;sA yM+fd;k¡ vkfn cspus tSlh lkekftd dqjhfr;kas ds f[k+yki+Q Hkh çpkj gksrk Fkk] ysfdu ckn eas mudk çpkj iksfyfVdy jax eas j¡xk x;kA iatkc ljdkj ds iqjkus dkx+t+ksa esa ,d Lokeh jkenkl dk ft+Ø vkrk gS] ftls fd vaxzst+h ljdkj ,d iksfyfVdy vkneh le>rh Fkh vkSj ftl ij fuxkg j[kh tkrh FkhA 1857 ds ckn tYn gh mlds :l dh vksj tkus dk irk pyrk gSA ckn esa dksbZ [k+cj ugha feyrhA mlh vkneh ds lEcUèk esa dgk tkrk gS fd mlus ,d fnu ckck jke ¯lg ls dgk fd vc iatkc esa jktuhfrd dk;ZØe vkSj çpkj dh t+:jr gSA bl le; ns'k dks vkt+kn djokuk cgqr t+:jh gSA rc ls vkius Li\"V :i ls vius mins'k esa bl vlg;ksx dks 'kkfey dj fy;kA 1863 esa iatkc ljdkj ds eq[; lfpo jgs Vh-Mh- iQk£lFk us viuh vkRedFkk esa fy[kk gS fd 1863 esa gh eSa le> x;k Fkk fd ;g èkk£ed&lk vkUnksyu fdlh fnu cM+k x+nj epk nsxkA blhfy, eSaus HkS.kh ds ml xq#}kjs esa T+;knk vknfe;ksa dk vkuk&tkuk vkSj bdV~Bk gksuk cUn dj fn;kA bl ij ckck th us Hkh viuk dke dk <ax cny fy;kA iatkc çkUr dks 22 ft+yksa eas ck¡V fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 157

fy;kA çR;sd ft+ys esa ,d&,d O;fDr çeq[k fu;r fd;k x;k] ftls ^lwck* dgk tkrk FkkA vc mUgksaus ^lwcksa* esa çpkj vkSj laxBu dk dke 'kq: dj fn;kA xqIr rjho+Qksa ls vkt+knh dk Hkh çpkj tkjh j[kkA laxBu c<+rk x;k] çR;sd ukeèkkjh fl[k viuh vk; dk nlok¡ fgLlk vius èkeZ ds fy, nsus yxkA ckgj dk gxa kek cUn gks tkus ls ljdkj dk 'kd njw gks x;k vkjS 1869 eas lHkh cfUn'kas gVk yh x;haA cfUn'ksa gVrs gh [+kwc tks'k c<+kA ,d fnu dqN dwds ve`rlj esa ls tk jgs FksA irk pyk fd dqN dlkbZ fgUnqvksa dks rax djus ds fy, mudh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus xksgR;k djrs gSaA xk; ds rks os cM+s HkDr FksA jkrksa&jkr lHkh dlkb;ksa dks ekj Mkyk vkSj HkS.kh dk jkLrk idM+kA cgqr&ls fgUnw idM+s x;sA xq# th us iwjh dgkuh lquhA lcdks ykSVk fn;k fd funk\"Zs k O;fDr;kas dks NMq k+ ;as vkjS viuk vijkèk eku yAas ;gh gvq k vkjS os ykxs iQk¡lh p<+ x;sA ,slh gh dksbZ ?kVuk fi+Qjkst+iqj ft+ys esa Hkh gks x;hA iQk¡fl;ksa ls tk's k vkjS c<+ x;kA ml le; mu ykxs kas ds lkeus vkn'kZ Fkk ita kc eas fl[k&jkt LFkkfir djuk vkjS xksj{kk dks os viuk lcls cM+k èkeZ ekurs FksA blh vkn'kZ dh iw£r ds fy, os ç;Ru djrs jgsA 13 tuojh] 1872 dks HkS.kh esa ek?kh dk esyk yxus okyk FkkA nwj&nwj ls ykxs vk jgs FkAs ,d ddw k eyjs dkVs yk ls xtq j+ jgk FkkA ,d elq yeku ls >xMk+ gks tkus ls os mls idM+dj dksrokyh esa ys x;s vkSj mls cgqr ekjk&ihVk o ,d cSy dh gR;k mlds lkeus dh x;hA og cspkjk nq[kh gqvk] HkS.kh igq¡pkA ogk¡ tkdj mlus viuh O;Fkk lquk;hA yksxksa dks cgqr tks'k vk x;kA cnyk ysus dk fopkj t+ksj idM+ x;kA ftl foæksg dk Hkhrj gh Hkhrj çpkj fd;k x;k Fkk] mls dj nsus dk fopkj t+ksj idM+us yxk] ysfdu vHkh eupkgh rS;kjh Hkh ugha gqbZ FkhA ckck jke ¯lg ,slh fLFkfr esa D;k djrs\\ ;fn mUgsa euk djrs gSa rks os ekurs ugha vkSj ;fn mudk lkFk nsrs gSa rks lkjk fd;k&èkjk rckg gksrk gSA D;k djsa\\ vkf[k+j tc 150 vkneh py gh iM+s rks vkius iqfyl dks [k+cj Hkst nh fd ;s O;fDr gaxkek dj jgs gaS vkjS 'kk;n dqN [k+jkch djsa] eaS ft+Eesnkj ugha gw¡A [k+;ky Fkk fd gt+kjksa vknfe;ksa ds laxBu esa ls lk&S Ms<+ lkS vkneh ekjs x;s (tk;sa) vkjS cko+Qh laxBu cpk jgk rks ;g deh rks fiQj iwjh gks tk;sxh vkSj tYn gh fiQj iwjh rS;kjh gksus ls foæksg gks ldsxkA ysfdu ge ;g ns[krs gSa fd nqfu;k esa 'end Justifies the means' (ifj.kke ls gh r; gksrk gS fd rjho+Qs tk;t+ Fks ;k uktk;t+) dk fl¼kUr jktuhfr ds eSnku esa çk;% ykxw gksrk gSA vFkkZr ;fn liQyrk fey tk;s rc rks pkyas uds fu;rh ls Hkjh vkjS lkps &le>dj pyh x;h dgykrh gSa vkSj ;fn dHkh feys vliQyrk rks cl fiQj dqN Hkh ughaA usrkvksa dks csoo+Qwi+Q] cnuh;r vkfn f[k+rkc feyrs gSaA ;gh ckr ge ns[krs gSaA tks pky 158 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ckck jke ¯lg us vius vkUnksyu ls cpus ds fy, pyh] og D;ksafd liQy ugha gqbZ] blhfy, vc dksbZ mUgsa dk;j vkSj cqt+fny dgrk gS vkSj dksbZ cnuh;r o det+ksj crkrk gSA [k+SjA ge rks le>rs gSa fd og jktuhfr dh ,d pky FkhA mUgksaus iqfyl dks [k+cj dj nh rkfd os dksbZ ,slk bykt dj ysa ftlls dksbZ cM+h [k+jkch iSnk u gks] ysfdu ljdkj muds bl cM+s Hkkjh vkUnksyu ls cgqr Mjrh Fkh vkSj mls ihl nsus dk volj [kkst jgh FkhA mlus dksbZ [k+kl dk;Zokgh u dh vkSj mUgsa et+hZ vuqlkj tkus fn;kA ysfdu 11 tuojh ds i=k esa fMIVh dfe'uj yqfèk;kuk fe- dkou us ;g ckr dfe'uj dks fy[k Hksth fd jke ¯lg us mu yksxksa ls vius lEcUèk u gksus dh ckr t+kfgj dh gS vkSj muds lEcUèk esa gesa lkoèkku Hkh dj fn;k gSA [k+Sj! os 150 ukeèkkjh ¯lg cM+s tks'k&[k+jks'k esa py iM+sA tc os 150 O;fDr ogk¡ ls cnyk ysus ds fopkj ls py iM+s] rks iqfyl dks igys ls crk;k tk pqdk Fkk] ysfdu ljdkj us dksbZ bUrt+ke ugha fd;kA D;ksa\\ D;ksafd os pkgrs Fks fd dksbZ NksVh&eksVh xM+cM+ gks tk;s vkSj cgkuk fey tk;s] ftlls fd os ml vkUnksyu dks ihl nsaA lks og vc fey x;kA os dwds ohj ml fnu rks ifV;kyk jkT; dh lhek ij ,d xk¡o jCcksa esa iM+s jgsA vxys fnu Hkh os ogha fVds jgsA 14 tuojh] 1872 dh 'kke dks mUgksaus eyksèk ds fo+Qys ij èkkok cksy fn;kA ;g fo+Qyk dqN fl[k ljnkjksa dk Fkk] ysfdu bUgksaus bl ij geyk D;ksa fd;k\\ bl lEcUèk esa fMfLVªDV xtsfV;j esa fy[kk gS fd mUgsa mEehn Fkh fd eyksèk ljdkj muds foæksg dh usrk cusxh] ysfdu mUgksaus euk dj fn;k vkSj bUgksaus geyk dj fn;kA cgqr lEHko gS fd ckck jke ¯lg dh cM+h Hkkjh rS;kjh esa eyksèk ljdkj us enn nsus dk ok;nk fd;k gks] ysfdu tc mUgksaus ns[kk fd foæksg rks igys gh gks x;k gS vkSj ckck jke ¯lg Hkh lkFk ugha gSa vkSj iwjh laxr Hkh ugha cqyk;h x;h gS rks mUgksaus euk dj fn;k gksxkA [k+Sj! tks Hkh gks] ogk¡ yM+kbZ gqbZA dqN ?kksM+s] gfFk;kj vkSj rksisa ys os ogk¡ ls pys x;sA nksuksa vksj ds nks&nks vkneh ekjs x;s vkSj dqN ?kk;y gq,A vxys fnu losjs 7 cts os eysj dksVyk igq¡p x;sA vaxzst+h ljdkj us eysj dksVyk ljdkj dks igys gh lwfpr dj j[kk FkkA mèkj cM+h rS;kfj;k¡ dh x;h FkhaA lsuk gfFk;kj fy;s [kM+h Fkh] ysfdu bu yksxksa us bruh cgknqjh ls geyk fd;k fd lsuk vkSj iqfyl ds dqN o'k esa u jgkA geyk dj os 'kgj eas ?kql x;s vkSj tkdj egy ij geyk dj fn;kA ogk¡ Hkh lsuk mUgas jksd u ldhA os tkdj [k+t+kuk ywVus dh dksf'k'k djus yxsA ywV gh fy;k tkrk] ysfdu nqHkkZX; fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 159

ls os ,d vkSj njokt+k rksM+rs jgs] ftlls fd mudk cgqr&lk le; u\"V gks x;k vkSj Hkhrj ls dqN Hkh u feykA mèkj ls lsuk us cM+s t+ksj ls èkkok cksykA vkf[k+j yM+rs&yM+rs ogk¡ ls ykSVuk iM+kA ml yM+kbZ esa mUgksaus 8 flikgh ekjs vkSj 15 dks ?kk;y fd;kA muds lkr vkneh ekjs x;As ogk¡ ls Hkh dNq gfFk;kj vkjS ?kkMs s+ yds j Hkkx fudyAs vkx&s vkxs os vkSj ihNs&ihNs eysj dksVyk dh lsuk vkSj μ \"A sort of running fight was kept along. Shots fired and many more Kookas were wounded till both the parties reached the village of Rur in the Patiala State, the Kookas carrying most of the wounded with them.\" ;kuh Hkkxrs tk jgs FksA vkSj yM+rs tk jgs FksA muds vkSj dbZ vkneh ?kk;y gks x;s vkSj os mUgsa Hkh lkFk gh mBk ys tkrs FksA vkf[k+j ifV;kyk jkT; ds :M+ xk¡o esa ;s igq¡ps vkSj taxy esa fNi x;sA dqN ?k.Vksa ds ckn f'koiqj ds ukft+e us fiQj geyk cksy fn;kA yM+kbZ fNM+ x;h ij cspkjs dwds Fkds&gkjs FksA vkf[k+j 68 O;fDr idM+ fy;s x;sA muesa ls nks vkSjrsa Fkha] os ifV;kyk jkt dks ns nh x;hAa blh ckr dks foæksg dgk tkrk gSA fMIVh dfe'uj yqfèk;kuk fe- dkou us ,d i=k esa dgk Fkk μ \"It looks like the commencement of an insurrection...\" ;kuh ;g ,d foæksg dh rjg ut+j vkrk gSA vxys fnu eysj dksVyk ykdj rksi xkM+ nh x;h vkSj ,d&,d dj 50 dwds ohj rksi ds vkxs ck¡èk&ck¡èkdj mM+k fn;s x;sA gjsd cgknqjh ls viuh&viuh ckjh ij rksi ds vkxs >qd tkrk vkSj lÙk Jh vdky dgrk gqvk rksi ls mM+ tkrkA fiQj dqN irk ugha pyrk fd og fdl lalkj esa pyk x;kA bl rjg 49 O;fDr mM+k fn;s x;sA ipklok¡ ,d rsjg o\"kZ dk yM+dk FkkA mlds ikl >qddj fMIVh dfe'uj us dgk fd csodwi+Q jke ¯lg dk lkFk NksM+ ns] rEq gas ekiQ+ dj fn;k tk;xs kA yfs du og ckyd ;g ckr lgu ugha dj ldk vkjS mNydj mlus dkou dh nk<+h idM+ yh vkSj rc rd u NksM+h tc rd mlds nksuksa gkFk u dkV fn;s x;sA cko+Qh 16 vkneh vxys fnu eyksèk tkdj iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;s x;sA mèkj ckck jke ¯lg dks muds pkj lwcksa ds lkFk fxjÝ+rkj djds igys bykgkckn vkjS ckn eas jxa uw Hkts fn;k x;kA ;g fxjÝr+ kjh (jxs yw 's ku) 1818 ds vuqlkj gqbZ FkhA tc ;g [k+cj ns'k esa iQSyh rks vkSj yksx cgqr gSjku gq, fd ;g D;k cukA foæksg 'kq: djds ckckth us gesa Hkh D;ksa u cqyk;k vkSj lSdM+ksa yksx ?kj&ckj NksM+dj HkS.kh dh vksj py iM+sA ,d fxjksg ftlesa fd 172 vkneh Fks] duZy 160 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ck;yh ls feykA og vèkh{kd FkkA mlus >V mUgsa fxjÝ+rkj djok fy;kA muesa ls 120 dks rks ?kjksa dks ykSVk fn;k] ysfdu 50 ,sls Fks ftudk dksbZ ?kjckj ugha FkkA os lc lEifÙk vkfn csp&ckpdj yM+us&ejus ds fy, rS;kj gksdj fudys FkAs mUgsa tys esa Mky fn;k x;kA bl rjg og vkUnkys u nck fn;k x;k vkjS ckck jke ¯lg dk iwjk ;Ru fu\"iQy gks x;kA ckn esa ns'k esa ftrus dwds Fks] os lHkh ,d rjg ls ut+jcUn dj fn;s x;sA mudh gkft+jh yh tkrh FkhA HkS.kh lkfgc esa vke yksxksa dk vkuk&tkuk cUn dj fn;k x;kA ;s cfUn'ksa 1920 esa vkdj gVk;h x;haA ;gh iatkc dh vkt+knh ds fy, nh x;h lcls igyh dksf'k'k dk laf{kIr bfrgkl gSA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 161

lEiknd ^egkjFkh* ds uke i=k 'kgu'kkgh dqfV;k lwr e.Mh] ykgkSj 27-2-1928 lEiknd th] lknj oUns! vkidk 17-2-1928 dk Ñik i=k o ^egkjFkh* ds i+Qjojh vad dh ,d çfr Hkh le; ls fey x;h FkhA blds fy, esjk ân; ls vkHkkj Lohdkj djsaA vkius xq# jke ¯lg th dk rhu jaxksa okys fp=k dk i+QksVks cuok;k ;k ughaA eq>s ;gk¡ irk yxk fd i+QksVks rks de ls de vkius vHkh çdkf'kr ugha fd;kA eSa le>rk g¡w fd fp=kkas ds cxjS+ bu y[s kkas dh egkurk de gks tkrh gAS ckoQ+ h] y[s k tks tYnh gh vkidh lsok esa Hkstw¡xk] lfp=k gh Nius pkfg,A cgqrksa ds rks CykWd cus gq, gh fey ldsaxsA mudk Mkd [k+pZ o dqN ek;k gh nsuh gksxhA ;fn vki mfpr le>ks rks fy[ksa] eSa çcUèk djok nw¡xkA vHkh xq# jke ¯lg th dh ,d vkSj i+QksVks Hkst jgk gw¡A ,d lTtu dg jgs Fks fd CykWd muds ikl gSA ;fn vki pkgks rks os Hkh Niokdj Hkst ldrs gSaA Ñik djds ;g fy[ksa fd fdruh i+QksVkst+ dh t+:jr gksxhA ;g rks ^egkjFkh* dh dqy la[;k ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ys[k ij ys[k iM+s gq, gSa fdUrq ;gk¡ jk\"Vªh; lIrkg dj 'kghnh fnol eukus dk çcUèk fd;k tk jgk gSA blfy, rc rd ;fn ys[k u Hkst ldk rks Ñi;k {kek dj nhft;sxkA gks ldk rks igyk ys[k ,d lIrkg rd Hkst nw¡xkA ^egkjFkh* dk vxyk vad fdrus fnuksa rd Ni tk;sxk\\ ys[k vkSj i+QksVks dc rd igq¡p tkus pkfg,\\ fy[ksa t+:jA tokc tYn nsdj vkHkkjh cuk;saA fuons d Hkxr¯lg 162 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fp=k&ifjp; ekpZ] 1928 ds ^egkjFkh* esa dwdk vkUnksyu ij ,d ys[k Nik FkkA mlh ds lkFk nks fp=kksa dk fp=k&ifjp; Hkxr¯lg us fy[kk FkkA ;g ifjp; ^egkjFkh* ls fy;k x;k gSA μ l- bl ckj cgjq xa fp=k x#q jke ¯lg th dk gAS mudk ifjp; foLrkjiow dZ xr vda vkjS bl vda eas fn;k tk pdq k gAS ogh i;kIZ r gAS gk]¡ fo'k\"s k mYy[s kuh; nks jxa hu fp=k gSaA ,d rks bVyh ds uo;qodksa dk μ çR;sd ckyd eqlksfyuh cuus dk ç;Ru dj jgk gSA Hkkjr esa Hkh pkj fnu ds fy, LdkmV ny] egkohj ny vkSj Lo;a&lsod ny cus Fks] v[kkM+s LFkkfir gq, Fks ijUrq og lc nwèk dk miQku jgkA usrkvksa dks pkfg, fd dkSaflyksa esa Lihpsa >kM+us dh vis{kk bu Hkkoh usrkvksa dks dqN cuk;saA nwljk fp=k gquj&uxj dk gS tks ,d fo'ks\"k (vk;kstu ds) :i esa cEcbZ esa gvq k FkkA geas foLe; gkrs k g]S tc ge bl fo'kky guq j&uxj dh vkjS xj+ hc] xo¡ kj dkjhxjkas dh n'kk dh ryq uk djrs gAaS bu guq j&çn'kfZ u;kas ij ftruk #i;k mtkMk+ tkrk gS mldk 'krka'k Hkh rks dkjhxjh dh okLrfod mUufr esa ugha yxk;k tkrkA ge iwNrs gSa μ fdrus dkjhxjksa dks èku ,oa vfèkdkj ls lgk;rk nsdj lekt vFkok ljdkj viuk dke c<+kus dk volj nsrh gS\\ fdrus eqgYyksa] ckt+kjksa] uxjksa vFkok 'kgjksa esa gquj&'kkyk,¡ [kksyh tk jgh gSa\\ fdrus dkjhxjksa dh çfr;ksfxrk djk;h tkrh gS\\ vkSj fdrus uo;qodksa dks fHkUu&fHkUu gquj lh[kus dh Nk=ko`fÙk nsdj gquj lh[kus dks çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gS\\ fgUnw lHkk,¡ vkSj dkaxzsl e.My [kksyus dh vis{kk gquj&'kkyk,¡ LFkkfir djus esa gesa viuh lc 'kfDr;kas dks yxk nus k pkfg,A dkjhxjh gh gedks cds kjh] ijkèkhurk vkjS fuèkuZ rk ls cpk ldrh gSA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 163

Jh enuyky <haxjk 'kghn Hkxr¯lg us ^fdjrh* esa ekpZ] 1928 ls vDVwcj 1928 rd ^vkt+knh dh HksaV 'kgknrsa* 'kh\"kZd ls ,d ys[kekyk fy[khA vxLr] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa bl ys[kekyk dk mís'; bl :i esa crk;k x;k μ ¶gekjk bjknk gS fd mu thofu;kas dks mlh rjg Nkirs g,q Hkh muds vkUnkys ukas dk Øe'k% gky fy[kas rkfd gekjs ikBd ;g le> ldsa fd iatkc esa tkx`fr dSls inS k gqbZ vkSj fiQj dke dlS s gksrk jgk vkSj fdu dkeksa ds fy,] fdu fopkjksa ds fy, mu 'kghnksa us vius çk.k rd v£ir dj fn;sA¸ μ l- vc fiQj ;g crkus dh t+:jr ugha fd Hkkjro\"kZ dh vkt+knh ds fy, ftruh o+QqckZuh iatkc çkUr us dh gS] mruh fdlh vkSj çkUr us ugha dhA chloha lnh ds 'kq: gksus ds lkFk gh Hkkjr eas ,d ckj u;h v'kkfUr dh ygj nkSM+ x;h] ftldk ifj.kke Lons'kh&vkUnksyu dh 'kDy esa çdV gqvkA rc Hkh iatkc gh caxky dk lkFk ns ldk FkkA X+kqykeh dh t+athjsa fnuksfnu tdM+h ns[kdj tc nnZ 'kq: gqvk rc cgqr&ls ukStoku vius ns'kçse esa ikxy gq, fnyksa dks dsoy ysDpjckt+h vkSj çLrkockt+h&ek=k ls lUrks\"k u ns lds vkSj dqN fny&tys yksxksa us ;qx iyV vkUnksyu pyk;kA ;g vkUnksyu mu ns'kçseh ;qodksa dks viuh vksj [khapus esa liQy gks x;k vkSj bu ijokuksa us LorU=krk nsoh ds pj.kksa esa vius thou rd cfynku dj fn;s vkSj eqnkZ ns'k dks fiQj e`R;q ds çfr fuHkZ;rk fn[kkdj iqjkus cqT+kqxks± dh ;kn rkt+k dj nhA ;g ;qx iyVus okys ;k foæksgh yksx dSls fofp=k gksrs gSa] bldk dqN o.kZu caxky ds foæksgh dfo ut+#y bLyke us viuh ^foæksgh* dfork esa fd;k gSA ekSr ds gkFk esa gkFk Mkydj [ksy djus okys] x+jhcksa ds lgk;d] vkt+knh ds j{kd] X+kqykeh ds nq'eu] t+kfyeksa] vR;kpkfj;ksa vkSj euekuh djus okys 'kkldksa ds 'k=kq bu foæksgh ohjksa ds fny dk] eu dk] LoHkko dk] bPNk dk cM+k lqUnj fp=k mUgksaus viuh dfork esa [khapk gSA igys gh os dgrs gSa μ cksyks chj μ fpj mUur ee 'khj 164 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

f'kj usgkfj vkekfj ur f'kj vksbZ f'k[kj fgekæhj! ;kuh gs foæksgh ohj! rqe ,dne ;g dgrs gks fd eSa dc ls flj mBk;s [kMk+ gA¡w ejs k Åp¡ k flj n[s kdj fgeky; us Hkh viuk flj 'keZ ds ekjs >dq k fn;kA vkxs tkdj mldh l[+rh vkSj ujeh dk o.kZu fd;k gSA dgha og ekSr ls (ds lkFk) ukp dj jgk gS] dgha og lalkj dk ,d gh ckj loZuk'k djus ij rqyk gqvk gSA og fctyh dh rjg pedrk gSA og laxhr dh rjg ehBk gSA foèkok] Xk+ yq ke] ety+ ew ] xj+ hc] Hk[w ks vkjS ihfMr+ ykxs kas eas cBS dj og yxkrkj jkrs k jgrk gSA ,sls fofp=k tho dh fofp=k efgek dk o.kZu djrs gq, vUr esa os foæksgh ds eq¡g ls dgyokrs gSa μ egk fcæksgh j.kDykUr vkfe 'ksbZ fnu gWcks 'kkUr] tWcs mRihfM+rsj ØUnu&jksy vkdk'ks ckrkls èofucs uk vR;kpkjhj [kM~x Ñik.k Hkhe j.kHkwes jf.kcs uk fcæksgh j.kDykUr vkfe 'ksbZ fnu gWcks 'kkUr! vFkkZr] eSa foæksgh vc yM+kbZ ls Fkd x;k gw¡A vkSj eSa Hkh mlh fnu 'kkUr gks tkÅ¡xk ftl fnu fdlh nq[kh dh vkg ;k phRdkj vkdk'k esa tkdj vkx u yxk ldsxk] ;kuh dksbZ nq[kh u jgsxk] vkSj tc t+kfyeksa] vR;kpkfj;ksa dh Hk;kud ryokj eSnku esa pyuh cUn gks tk;sxh] ;kuh cko+Qh gh u jgsaxh] rc] vkSj rHkh eSa 'kkUr gks ldw¡xk vkSj gks Hkh tkÅ¡xkA ,sls fofp=k foæksgh tho tks iwjs fo'o ls Vdjk tkrs gaS vkjS Lo;a dks tyrh vkx eas >kds nrs s g]aS viuk ,'s kk&s vkjke lc Hkyw tkrs gaS vkjS nfq u;k dh lUq njrk] Ük`axkj esa dqN o`f¼ dj nsrs gaS vkjS muds cfynkuksa ls gh fo'o esa dqN çxfr gksrh gSA ,sls gh ohj gj ns'k esa gj le; gksrs gSaA fgUnqLrku esa Hkh ;gh iwtuh; nsors tUe ysrs jgs gSa] ys jgs gSa vkSj ysrs jgsaxsA fgUnqLrku esa ls Hkh iatkc us ,sls jRu vfèkd fn;s gSa] chloha 'krh ds ,sls gh lcls igys 'kghn Jh enuyky th <haxjk gSaA os dksbZ yhMj rks Fks ugha fd muds thrs&th mudk thou&pfj=k Nkidj nks&nks vkus esa fcd tkrkA os vorkj Hkh ugha Fks fd T;ksfr\"k ls crkdj 'kksj epk fn;k tkrk fd ge rks igys gh le> x;s Fks fd os cgrq ^cM*s+ vkneh FkAs mudh fdUgha ,slh ckrksa dk Hkh gesa irk ugha fd ge fy[k ldsa fd ^gksugkj fcjoku fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 165

ds gksr phdus ikrA* og x+jhc vkSj ,d cnfo+QLer foæksgh FkkA mlds firk us mls viuk iq=k ekuus ls bUdkj dj fn;k FkkA ns'kHkDr vkSj [+kq'kkenh lHkh v[k+ckjksa esa vkSj ml le; ds xeZ usrk fcfiupUæ iky rd us mUgsa dksl&dksldj xkfy;k¡ nhaA rks fiQj crkvks bu gkykr esa] vkt chl lky ckn muds ckjs esa rF;ksa dks fiQj ls bdV~Bk djus dh dksf'k'k esa fdlh dks fdruh liQyrk fey ik;sxh\\ bu dfBukb;ksa esa ge vkt mudk thou&o`rkUr fy[kus cSB x;s gSaA èkhjs&èkhjs ge yksx] mudk uke Hkh u Hkwy tk;sa] ;gh lkspdj vkt muds ckjs esa tSls Hkh rF; fey ldrs gSa] ;g o`rkUr ikBdksa ds lkeus j[k jgs gSaA vki 'kk;n ve`rlj ds jgus okys FksA ?kj ls vPNs FksA ch-,- ikl dj i<+us ds fy, baXyS.M pys x;sA dgk tkrk gS fd ogk¡ vki dqN vÕ;k'kh esa iQ¡l x;sA ;g ckr ;o+Qhu ls ugha dgh tk ldrh] ysfdu ;g dksbZ vugksuh ckr Hkh ugha gSA mudk eu cM+k jfld o Hkkoqd Fkk] bl ckr dk çek.k Hkh feyrk gSA baXyS.M ds [+kqfi+Q;k foHkkx (Scotland Yard) ds ,d çfl¼ tklwl Jh bZ-Vh- oMq gkWy us (Union Jack) ;fw u;u tdS uked lkIrkfgd v[kc+ kj eas viuh Mk;jh Nkih FkhA ekpZ] 1925 ds vad esa mUgksaus Jh enuyky <haxjk dk gky fy[kk gSA ;g tklwl muds ihNs yxk;k x;k FkkA og fy[krk gS μ \"Dhingra was an extraordinary man. Dhingra's passion for flowers was remarkable.\" ;kuh <haxjk ,d vlkèkkj.k O;fDr FkkA <haxjk dk iQwyksa ds çfr t+cjnLr yxko FkkA vkxs tkdj mUgkuas s fy[kk gS fd os ckx+ ds fdlh lUq nj dkus s eas tkdj cBS tkrs Fks vkjS ?k.Vksa rd iQwyksa dks ,d dfo dh rjg eLr gksdj fugkjrs jgrs vkSj dHkh mudh vk¡[kksa ls cM+h rst+ ped dkSaèk mBrh FkhA mlh ped dks ns[kdj bZ-Vh- oqMgkWy mLrkn fldykfgu vkxs fy[krk gS μ \"There is a man to keep an eye on. He will do something desperate someday.\" ;kuh ml O;fDr ij vk¡[k j[kuh pkfg,A fdlh u fdlh fnu og dqN èkekdk djsxkA [k+SjA ge ckr dj jgs Fks fd os 'kk;n vÕ;k'kh esa iQ¡l x;sA ml dgkuh ds vkxs ;ksa fd fiQj Lons'kh vkUnksyu dk vlj baXyS.M rd Hkh igq¡pk vkSj tkrs gh Jh lkojdj us bf.M;u gkml uked lHkk [kksy nhA enuyky Hkh mlds lnL; cuAs bèkj fgUnqLrku esa [kqys vkUnksyu dks nckus ds dkj.k ;qx&iyV yksxksa us [+kqfi+Q;k lkslkbfV;k¡ LFkkfir dj yhaA ;gk¡ rd fd 1908 esa vyhiqj dh lkft+'k 166 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dk eqo+Qnek cu x;kA Jh dUgkbZ vkSj Jh lrsUæukFk dks iQk¡lh fey x;hA èkhjsUæ vkSj mYykldj nÙk dks Hkh mlh le; iQk¡lh dh lt+k lquk;h x;h FkhA ;s [k+cjsa baXyS.M esa Hkh igq¡pha vkSj bu xje ukStokuksa esa vkx yx x;hA os dgrs gSa fd ,d fnu jkr dks Jh lkojdj vkSj enuyky <haxjk cgqr nsj rd e'kojk djrs jgsA viuh tku rd ns nsus dh fgEer fn[kkus dh ijh{kk esa enuyky dks t+ehu ij gkFk j[kus ds fy, dgdj lkojdj us gkFk ij lqvk xkM+ fn;k] ysfdu ita kch ohj us vkg rd u HkjhA lvq k fudky fy;k x;kA nkus kas dh vk[¡ kkas eas vkl¡ w Hkj vk;sA nksuksa ,d&nwljs ds xys yx x;sA vkgk] og le; dSlk lqUnj Fkk! og vJq fdrus vewY; o vyH; FksA og feyki fdruk lqUnj] fdruk efgeke; Fkk! ge nqfu;knkj D;k tkusa] ekSr ds fopkj rd ls Mjus okys ge dk;j yksx D;k tkusa fd ns'k dh [k+kfrj o+QkSe ds fy, çk.k ns nsus okys os yksx fdrus Å¡ps] fdrus ifo=k vkSj fdrus iwtuh; gksrs gSaA vxys fnu ls <haxjk fiQj bf.M;u gkml] lkojdj okyh lHkk esa ugha x;s vkSj Hkkjrh; fo|k£Fk;ksa vkSj fo'ks\"k [+kqfi+Q;k iqfyl dk çcUèk djus okys vkSj mudh NksVh&eksVh vkt+knh dks dqpyus okys lj dtZu ck;yh] tksfd Secretary of State for India ds ,M&Mh&dkai Aid-de-Camp Fks] }kjk pyk;h fgUnqLrkuh fo|k£Fk;ksa dh lHkk esa tk 'kkfey gq,A ;g ns[kdj bf.M;u gkml okys yM+dksa dks cM+k tks'k vk;k vkjS mUgksaus mUgsa ns'k?kkrd] ns'kæksgh rd dguk 'kq: dj fn;k] ysfdu mudk X+kqLlk Hkh rks lkojdj us ;g dgdj 'kkUr fd;k fd vkf[k+j mUgksaus gekjh lHkk dks pykus ds fy, Hkh rks lj rksM+ ç;Ru fd;k Fkk vkSj mudh esgur ds iQyLo:i gh gekjh lHkk py jgh gS] blfy, gesa mudk èkU;okn djuk pkfg,A [k+SjA dqN fnu rks pqipki xqt+j x;sA 1 tqykbZ] 1909 dks bEihfj;y baLVhP;wV ds tgk¡xhj gkWy esa ,d cSBd FkhA lj dtZu ck;yh Hkh ogk¡ x;s gq, FksA os nks vkSj yksxksa ls ckrsa dj jgs Fks fd vpkud <haxjk us fiLrkSy fudkydj muds e¡qg dh vksj rku nhaA dtZu lkfgc dh Mj ds ekjs ph[k+ fudy x;h] ysfdu dksbZ bUrt+ke gksus ls igys gh enuyky us nks xksfy;k¡ muds lhus esa ekjdj mUgsa lnk dh uhan lqyk fn;kA fiQj dqN la?k\"kZ ds ckn os idM+s x;sA cl fiQj D;k Fkk] nqfu;kHkj esa luluh ep x;hA lc yksx mUgsa th&Hkjdj xkfy;k¡ nsus yxsA muds firk us iatkc ls rkj Hkstdj dgk fd ,sls ckx+h] foæksgh vkSj gR;kjs vkneh dks eSa viuk iq=k ekuus ls bUdkj djrk gw¡A Hkkjrokfl;ksa us cM+h cSBdsa dhaA cM+s&cM+s Hkk\"k.k gq,A cM+s&cM+s çLrko ikl gq,A lc mudh fuUnk esaA ij ml le; Hkh ,d lkojdj ohj Fks] ftUgksaus [kqYye[kqYyk mudk i{k fy;kA igys rks muds f[k+yki+Q çLrko u ikl gksus nsus ds fy, ;g cgkuk is'k fd;k fd vHkh rd fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 167

mu ij eqo+Qnek py jgk gS vkjS ge mUgsa nks\"kh ugha dg ldrsA vkf[k+j esa tc bl çLrko ij oksV ysus yxs rks lHkk ds vè;{k Jh fcfiupUæ iky ;g dg gh jgs Fks fd D;k ;g lHkh dh loZlEefr ls ikl le>k tk;s] rks lkojdj lkgc mB [kM+s gq, vkjS vkius O;k[;ku 'kq: dj fn;kA brus esa gh ,d vaxzst+ us buds eq¡g ij ?kw¡lk ekj fn;k vkSj dgk μ \"Look! how straight the English fist goes.\" ,d] fgUnqLrkuh ukStoku us ml vaxzst+ ds flj ij ,d ykBh tM+ nh vkSj dgk μ \"Look! how straight the Indian club goes!\" ;kuh] ¶ns[kk] ;kjksa dk fgUnqLrkuh M.Mk dSls fBdkus ij iM+rk gS!¸ 'kksj ep x;kA cSBd chp esa gh NwV x;hA çLrko Hkh ,sls gh jg x;kA [k+SjA eqo+Qnek py jgk FkkA enuyky cM+s [+kq'k FksA cM+s 'kkUr FksA lkeus nj ij ekSr [kM+h ns[kdj Hkh os eqLdqjk jgs FksA os fuHkZ; FksA vkgk! os ohj foæksgh FksA vkius vUr esa tks c;ku fn;k og vkidh usd&fnyh] vkidh ns'kHkfDr vkSj ;ksX;rk dk cM+k Hkkjh lcwr gSA ge muds gh 'kCnksa esa nsrs gSaA ;g 12 vxLr ds 'Daily News' (Msyh U;wt+) esa Nik Fkk μ \"I admit the other day, I attempted to shed blood as an humble revenge for the inhuman hangings and deportations of patriotic Indian youth. In the attempt I have consulted none but my own conscience, I have conspired with none but my duty.\" \"I believe that a nation held down by foreign bayonet is in a per- petual state of war. Since open battle is rendered impossible to disarmed races, I attacked by surprise, since guns were denied to me I drew forth my pistol and fired.\" \"As an Hindu, I fell that wrong to my country is insult to God. Her cause is the cause of Shri Rama, her service is the service of Shri Krishna. Poor in wealth and intellect, a son like myself has nothing else to offer but his own blood, and so I have sacrificed the same on her altar.\" \"The only lesson required in India at present is to learn how to die, and the only way to teach it is by dying ourselves. Therefore I die and I glory in my martyrdom.\" \"This war will continue, as long as the Hindu and English races last if this present unnatural relation does not cease.\" My only prayer to God is—\"May I be reborn of the same mother and may I redie in the same sacred casue, till the cause is successful, and she stands free for the good of humanity and to the glory of God,— Bande Matram.\" vFkkZr] eSa ekurk gw¡ fd eSaus ml fnu ,d vaxzst+ dk [+kwu fd;k vkSj dgrk 168 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gw¡ fd ;g mu funZ;rk Hkjh lt+kvksa dk ekewyh&lk cnyk gS tksfd fgUnqLrkuh n's kHkDr uktS okukas dks iQkl¡ h vkjS dkyis kuh dh nh x;h gAaS euaS s bl dke eas vius t+ehj ds flok fdlh vkSj dh lykg ugha yhA vius i+Qt+Z ds flok; fdlh ls lkft+'k ugha dhA esjk ;g fo'okl gS fd ,d jk\"Vª] ftls fons'kh yksxksa us cUnwo+Qksa ls nck;k gks] og ges'kk ;q¼ dh fLFkfr esa gksrk gS vkSj pw¡fd gfFk;kj Nhudj [kqyh yM+kbZ vlEHko cuk nh tkrh gS] eSaus fNidj fcuk crk;s geyk fd;k gSA D;ksafd gesa cUnwo+Qsa j[kus ls euk fd;k tkrk gS] blhfy, eSaus fiLrkSy [khap fy;k vkSj pyk fn;kA eSa ,d fgUnw ds :i esa le>rk gw¡ fd esjs ns'k ds lkFk fd;k x;k vU;k; bZ'oj dk vieku gS] D;ksafd ns'k dh iwtk Jh jkepUæ th dh iwtk gS vkSj ns'k dh lsok JhÑ\".k th dh lsok gSA ,d x+jhc vkSj ew[kZ] esjs tSls ukStoku ds ikl viuh ekrk dh lsok esa HksaV djus ds fy, vius jDr ds flok; vkSj D;k gks ldrk gS\\ lks eSaus viuk jDr ekrk ds pj.kksa esa p<+k;k gSA bl le; ;fn fgUnqLrku dks fdlh lcd dh t+:jr gS rks ;g fd ejuk dlS s pkfg,A vkjS bls fl[kkus dk rjho+Qk gS fd ge [+kqn ejdj fn[kk;saA blhfy, eSa ej jgk gw¡A blhfy, eqckjo+Q gks 'kghnkuk ekSrA ;g yM+kbZ rc rd tkjh jgsxh tc rd fgUnqLrkuh vkSj vaxzst+ nks jk\"Vª jgsaxs vkjS budk ;g vLokHkkfod xBcUèku cuk jgxs kA ejs h b'Z oj ds vkxs ;gh çkFkuZ k gS fd eSa fiQj blh ek¡ dh xksn ls tUe yw¡ vkSj tc rd og LorU=k u gks tk;s vkSj ekuo&lekt dh iw.kZ lsok vkSj mUufr ;ksX; u cu tk;s] eSa ;gha tUerk jgw¡ vkSj ejrk jgw¡A μ oUnsekrje! 16 vxLr] 1909 dk fnu Hkh bfrgkl esa ;kn jgsxkA ml fnu baXyS.M esa fgUnqLrkuh ;qx&iyV ikVhZ dh vkokt+ xq¡tkus okyk <haxjk ohj viuh erokyh pky pyrk gqvk r[+rs ij tk p<+k FkkA Jherh ,fXul LesMys ,d txg bl ?kVuk dk ft+Ø djrh gqbZ fy[krh gSa μ \"He walked to the scaffold with his head high and shook off hands of those who offered to support him, saying that he was not afraid of death.\" vkgk! lgkjk nsdj ys tkus okys O;fDr;ksa ds gkFk ihNs >Vddj og dgus yxk] ^eSa ekSr ls ugha Mjrk*A vkgk! èkU; gSa e`R;qat;! \"As he stood on the scaffold he was asked if he had a last word fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 169

to say. He answered,—Bande Matram.\" ek¡ ls bruk I;kj! iQkl¡ h ds r[r+ s ij [kMs+ g,q ls iNw k tkrk gS μ dNq dguk pkgrs gks\\ rks mÙkj feyrk gS] ^oUnsekrje!* ek¡! Hkkjr ek¡! rqEgsa ueLdkj! og ohj iQk¡lh ij yVd x;k vkSj mudh yk'k Hkh Hkhrj gh ni+Quk nh x;h vkSj fgUnqLrkfu;ksa dks mudh nkg&fØ;k vkfn djkus dh btkt+r ugha nh x;hA èkU; Fkk og ohj! èkU; gS mldh ;kn! eqnkZ ns'k ds vewY; ghjs dks ckjEckj ueLdkj! ekpZ] 1928 fdjrh 170 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

nl ebZ dk 'kqHk fnu vçSy] 1928 esa ^fdjrh* ds 1857 ds x+nj lEcUèkh vad esa ^10 ebZ dk 'kqHk fnu* uke ls ys[k NikA blds ys[kd dk uke rks ugha fn;k x;k] ysfdu ;g 'kghn Hkxr¯lg ds lkfFk;ksa dk gh ys[k gSA lEHkor% Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk dkA os cgqr vPNs ys[kd Fks vkSj ^fdjrh* ls xgjs :i esa tqM+s gq, FksA ekpZ] 1925 ls ysdj tqykbZ 1928 rd Hkxr¯lg us ^fdjrh* ds lEikndh; foHkkx esa cgqr gh yxu ls dke fd;k FkkA ;g ys[k mlh le; Nik FkkA μ l- ¶vks nnZokys fny] nnZ gksa pkgs gt+kj nl ebZ dk fnu Hkqykuk ugha] blh jkst+ fNM+h ^vkt+knh dh tax* oD+r [+kq'kh dk x+eh ykuk ughaA¸ nl ebZ og 'kqHk fnu gS ftl fnu fd ^vkt+knh dh tax* 'kq: gqbZ FkhA Hkkjrokfl;kas dk Xk+ yq keh dh tta+ hjas rkMs u+ s ds fy, ;g çFke ç;kl FkkA ;g ç;kl Hkkjr ds nHq kkXZ ; ls liQy ugha gvq k] blhfy, gekjs n'q eu bl ^vktk+ nh dh txa * dks ^x+nj* vkSj cx+kor ds uke ls ;kn djrs gSa vkSj bl ^vkt+knh dh tax* esa yM+us okys uk;dksa dks dbZ rjg dh xkfy;k¡ nsrs gSaA fo'o ds bfrgkl esa ,slh dbZ ?kVuk,¡ feyrh g]aS tgk¡ vktk+ nh dh txa dks dbZ cjq s 'kCnkas eas ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA dkj.k ;gh gS fd og tax thrh u tk ldhA ;fn fot; gkfly gksrh rks mu taxksa ds uk;dksa dks cqjk&Hkyk u dgk tkrk] cfYd os fo'o ds egkiq#\"kksa esa ekus tkrs vkSj lalkj mudh iwtk djrkA vkt nqfu;k xSjhckYMh vkSj ok¯'kxVu dh D;ksa c<+kbZ o bT+t+r djrh gS] blfy, fd mUgksaus vkt+knh dh tax yM+h vkSj mlesa liQy gq,A ;fn os liQy u gksrs rks os Hkh ^ckx+h* vkSj ^x+njh* vkfn Hkís 'kCnksa esa ;kn fd;s tkrsA ysfdu os liQy gq,] blfy, os egkiq#\"kksa esa ekus tkus yxsA blh rjg ;fn 1857 dh vkt+knh dh tax esa rk¡R;k Vksis] ukuk lkfgc] >k¡lh dh egkjkuh] dqekj ¯lg (dq¡oj ¯lg)] vkSj ekSyoh vgen lkfgc vkfn ohj thr gkfly dj ysrs rks fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 171

vkt os fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh ds nsork ekus tkrs vkSj lkjs fgUnqLrku esa muds lEeku esa jk\"Vªh; R;kSgkj euk;k tkrkA fgUnqLrku ds ekStwnk bfrgklksa dks] tksfd gekjs gkFkksa esa fn;s tkrs gSa] i<+dj fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ds fnyksa esa mu 'kwj&ohjksa ds fy, dksbZ vPNh Hkkouk,¡ iSnk ugha gksrha] D;ksafd mu ^vkt+knh dh tax* ds uk;dksa dks o+Qkfry] Mkdw] [+kwuh] èkk£ed tuwuh o vU; dbZ cqjs&cqjs 'kCnksa esa ;kn fd;k x;k gS vkSj muds fojksfèk;ksa dks jk\"Vªh; uk;d cuk;k x;k gSA dkj.k ;g gS fd 1857 dh ^vkt+knh dh tax* ds ftrus bfrgkl fy[ks x;s gSa] os lkjs ds lkjs gh ;k rks vaxzst+ksa us fy[ks gSa tksfd t+cjnLrh ryokj ds t+ksj ij] yksxksa dh et+hZ ds f[k+yki+Q fgUnqLrku ij o+QCt+k tek;s cSBs gSa vkSj ;k vaxzst+ksa ds pkVqdkjksa usA tgk¡ rd gesa irk gS] bl vkt+knh dh tax dk ,dek=k LorU=k bfrgkl fy[kk x;k] tksfd cSfjLVj lkojdj us fy[kk Fkk vkSj ftldk uke ^1857 dh vkt+knh dh tax dk bfrgkl* (The history of the Indian war of Independence of 1857) FkkA ;g bfrgkl cM+s ifjJe ls fy[kk x;k Fkk vkjS bf.M;k vkWfi+Ql dh ykbcszjh ls Nku&chudj] dbZ m¼j.k ns&nsdj fl¼ fd;k x;k Fkk fd ;g jk\"Vªh; laxzke Fkk vkSj vaxzst+ksa ds jkt ls vkt+kn gksus ds fy, yM+k x;k FkkA ysfdu vR;kpkjh ljdkj us bls Nius gh ugha fn;k vkjS vfxez :i ls tC+ r dj fy;kA bl rjg ykxs lPps gkykr i<u+ s ls oafpr jg x;sA bl tax dh vliQyrk ds ckn tks T+kqYe vkSj vR;kpkj funksZ\"k fgUnqLrkfu;ksa ij fd;k x;k] mls fy[kus dh u rks gekjs esa fgEer gS vkSj u gh fdlh vkSj esaA ;g lcdqN fgUnqLrku ds vkt+kn gksus ij gh fy[kk tk;sxkA gk¡] ;fn fdlh dks bl Tk+ Yq e] vR;kpkj vkjS vU;k; dk FkkMs k+ &lk ueuw k n[s kuk gks rks mUgas feLVj ,MoMZ Fkkelu dh iqLrd] ^rLohj dk nwljk igyw* (The Other Side of the Medal) i<+uh pkfg,] ftlesa mlus lH; vaxzst+ksa dh djrwrksa dks m?kkM+k gS vkSj ftlesa crk;k x;k gS fd fdl rjg uhy gsoykd] gMlu dwij vkSj ykjsUl us funksZ\"k fgUnqLrkuh L=kh&cPpksa rd ij ,sls&,sls dgj <k;s Fks fd lqudj jksa;sa [kM+s gks tkrs gSa vkSj 'kjhj dk¡ius yxrk gS! ysfdu bl ckr dk [k+;ky djds LorU=k O;fDr;ksa dks 'keZ vk;sxh fd os yksx Hkh] ftuds cqT+kqxZ bl tax esa yM+s Fks] ftUgksaus fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh dh ckt+h ij lcdqN yxk fn;k Fkk vkSj ftUgsa bl ij xoZ gksuk pkfg, Fkk] os Hkh] bl tax dks vkt+knh dh tax dgus ls Mjrs gSaA dkj.k ;g fd vaxzst+h vR;kpkj us mUgsa bl o+Qnj nck fn;k Fkk fd os lj Nqikdj gh fnu dkVrs FksA blfy, mu cqT+kqxks± dh ;knxkj eukuh ;k LFkkfir djuh rks nwj] mudk uke ysuk Hkh xqukg le>k tkrk FkkA 172 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ysfdu gkykr dqN ,sls cu x;s fd ftuls fons'kksa esa cls fgUnqLrkuh ukStoku 10 ebZ ds fnu dks jk\"Vªh; R;kSgkj cukdj eukus yxsA vkSj dqN fgUnh (fgUnLq rkuh) uktS oku ;gk¡ Hkkjr esa Hkh ;gh R;kgS kj eukus dh dNq dksf'k'kas djrs jgs gSaA lcls igys] tgk¡ rd irk pyrk gS] ;g R;kSgkj baXyS.M esa ^vfHkuo Hkkjr* us cfS jLVj lkojdj ds urs `Ro eas lu~ 1907 eas euk;kA bl R;kgS kj dks eukus dk [k;+ ky dlS s vk;k] og dFkk bl rjg gS (Xk+ yq kekas eas [k+ nq rks ,ls s ;knxkjh&fnu eukus ds [k+;ky de gh iSnk gksrs gSa) μ ¶1907 esa vaxzst+ksa us fopkj fd;k fd 1857 ds x+nfj;ksa ij thr gkfly djus dh ipkloha o\"kZxk¡B eukuh pkfg,A 1857 dh ;kn rkt+k djus ds fy, fgUnqLrku vkSj baXyS.M ds çfl¼ vaxzst+ksa ds v[k+ckjksa us vius&vius fo'ks\"kkad fudkys] Mªkes fd;s x;s vkSj ySDpj fn;s x;s vkSj gj rjg ls bu dfFkr x+nfj;ksa dks cqjh rjg dkslk x;kA ;gk¡ rd fd tks dqN Hkh buds eu esa vk;k] lc Åy&tywy bUgksaus x+nfj;ksa ds f[k+yki+Q dgk vkSj dbZ dqç+Q fd;sA bu xkfy;ksa vkSj cnuke djus okyh dkjZokbZ ds foijhr lkojdj us 1857 ds fgUnqLrkuh usrkvksa μ ukuk lkfgc] egkjkuh >k¡lh] rk¡R;k Vksis] dq¡oj ¯lg] ekSyoh vgen lkfgc dh ;kn eukus ds fy, dke 'kq: dj fn;k] rkfd jk\"Vªh; tax ds lPps&lPps gkykr crk;s tk;saA ;g cM+h cgknqjh dk dke Fkk vkSj 'kq: Hkh vxa tsz h+ jktèkkuh eas fd;k x;kA vke vxa tsz + ukuk lkfgc vkjS rkR¡ ;k Vkis s dks 'krS ku ds oxZ esa le>rs Fks] blfy, yxHkx lHkh fgUnqLrkuh usrkvksa us bl vkt+knh dh tax dks eukus okys fnu esa dksbZ fgLlk u fy;kA ysfdu fe- lkojdj ds lkFk lHkh ukStoku FksA fgUnqLrkuh ?kj esa ,d cM+h Hkkjh ;knxkjh eh¯Vx cqyk;h x;hA miokl fd;s x;s vkSj o+Qlesa yh x;ha fd mu cqT+kqxks± dh ;kn esa ,d gÝ+rs rd dkbs Z ,;s k'kh dh pht+ bLres ky ugha dh tk;xs hA NkVs &s NkVs s iES iQ+ yVs ^vkgs 'kghnk*s (Oh! Martyrs) uke ls baXyS.M vkSj fgUnqLrku esa ck¡Vs x;sA Nk=kksa us vkDli+QksMZ] dSfEczt vkSj mPpdksfV ds dkWystksa esa Nkfr;ksa ij cM+s&cM+s] lqUnj&lqUnj cSt yxk;s ftu ij fy[kk Fkk] ^1857 ds 'kghnksa dh bT+t+r ds fy,A* xfy;ksa&ckt+kjksa esa dbZ txg >xM+s gks x;sA ,d dkWyst esa ,d çksi+Qslj vkis ls ckgj gks x;k vkSj fgUnqLrkuh fo|k£Fk;ksa us ek¡x dh fd og eki+Qh ek¡xs] D;ksafd mlus mu fo|k£Fk;ksa ds jk\"Vªh; usrkvksa dk vieku fd;k gS vkSj fojksèk esa lkjs ds lkjs fo|kFkhZ dkWyts ls fudy vk;As dbZ dh Nk=ko`fÙk;k¡ ekjh x;h]a db;kas us bUgas [k+ nq gh NksM+ fn;kA db;ksa dks muds ek¡&cki us cqyok fy;kA bafXyLrku esa jktuhfrd ok;eq .My cMk+ xeZ gks x;k vkjS fgUnLq rkuh ljdkj cMh+ gjS ku o cps uS gks x;hA¸ (cSfjLVj lkojdj dk thou] i`\"B 45&46] fp=kxqIr jfpr) bu gkykr dh [k+cj tgk¡ Hkh igq¡ph] fons'kksa esa] ogk¡&ogk¡ nl ebZ dk fnu fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 173

cM+h lt&èkt ls euk;k x;k vkSj yksxksa esa cM+k tks'k vk x;k fd vaxzst+ fdl çdkj gekjs jk\"Vªh; ohjksa dks cnuke djrs gSaA mUgksaus jks\"k ds :i esa eh¯Vxsa dha vkSj mudh ;kn esa 10 ebZ dk fnu gj o\"kZ eukuk 'kq: dj fn;kA dki+Qh le; ckn vfHkuo Hkkjr lkslk;Vh VwV x;h vkSj baXyS.M esa ;g fnu eukuk cUn gks x;k] ysfdu dqN le; ckn vesfjdk esa fgUnqLrku x+nj ikVhZ LFkkfir gks x;h vkSj mlus mls gj cjl eukuk 'kq: dj fn;kA x+nj ikVhZ ds LFkkfir gksus ds fnu ls ysdj vc rd vesfjdk esa ;g fnu lt&èkt ls euk;k tkrk gSA cM+h Hkkjh eh¯Vx gksrh gS] ftlesa lc fgUnqLrkuh ,d=k gksrs gSaA mlesa bu 1857 ds 'kwjohjksa ds thou vkjS dkjukes crk;s tkrs gaAS bl rjg bu 'kghnksa dh ;kn lky nj lky rkt+k dh tkrh gS vkSj ,slh dfork,¡ μ ^vks nnZ&eUn fny] nnZ ns pkgs gt+kj nl ebZ dk fnu Hkqykuk ughaA bl jkst+ fNM+h tax vkt+knh dh ckr [+kq'kh dh x+eh ykuk ughaA* vkfn i<+h tkrh gSaA fo'ks\"kr% 1914&15 esa ;s iafDr;k¡ çR;sd iq#\"k dh thHk ij p<+h gqbZ Fkha] D;ksafd ml le; os ,d vkSj vkt+knh dh tax yM+dj fgUnqLrku dks vkt+kn djokuk pkgrs FksA ysfdu og ç;kl Hkh vliQy gqvk] ftleas gt+kjksa ukStokuksa us Hkkjrekrk ij 'kh'k okj fn;s] ysfdu gekjh X+kqykeh dks u dkVk tk ldkA nl ebZ dk fnu D;ksa euk;k tkrk gS\\ bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd nl ebZ ds fnu gh vlyh tax 'kq: gqbZ FkhA 10 ebZ dks esjB Nkouh ds 85 ohjksa us pchZ okys dkjrwl bLrseky djus ls bUdkj dj fn;k FkkA mudk dksVZ ek'kZy fd;k x;k vkSj çR;sd toku dks 10 lky l[+r o+SQn dh lt+k nh x;hA ckn esa X;kjg flikfg;ksa dh o+SQn de dj ik¡p lky dj nh x;h FkhA ysfdu ;g lkjh dkjZokbZ gh bl rjho+Qs ls dh x;h Fkh fd ftlesa fgUnqLrkuh flikfg;ksa ds xoZ vkSj eku dks Hkkjh pksV igq¡prh Fkh] og n`'; cM+k nnZukd FkkA ns[kus okyksa dh vk¡[kksa ls Vi&Vi vk¡lw fxjrs FksA lkjs ds lkjs cqr cus gq, FksA os 85 flikgh tks muds HkkbZ Fks] lc nq[kksa&lq[kksa esa 'kjhd Fks] muds iSjksa esa csfM+;k¡ Mkyh gqbZ FkhaA mudk vieku lgu djuk eqf'dy Fkk] ysfdu dqN cu ugha ldrk FkkA vxys fnu ¶?kqM+lokj vkSj iSny lsuk us tkdj tsy rksM+ nh] vius lkfFk;ksa dks NqM+k fy;k] vi+Qljksa ds ?kjksa dks iQw¡d MkykA ftl ;wjksih; dks idM+ lds] mls ekj Mkyk vkSj fnYyh dh vksj p<+kbZ dj nhA x+nj dk vkjEHk blh fnu gqvk vkSj 10 ebZ ls gh fxuk tkrk gSA¸ (vkWDli+QksMZ fgLVªh vkWi+Q bf.M;k] i`\"B 715) 174 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lks ikBdksa us Åij fy[kh ?kVukvksa ls ns[k fy;k gS fd nl ebZ dk fnu D;ksa vkSj dc ls eukuk 'kq: fd;k x;kA ikBd ;g lc gky i<+dj ns[k ldrs gSa fd mudk D;k i+Qt+Z gSA D;k mUgksaus ml vkt+knh ds fy,] ftlfy, fd gt+kjksa&yk[kksa fgUnqLrkfu;ksa us lj yxk fn;s Fks vkSj gt+kjksa yxkus ds fy, rS;kj cSBs Fks] vkt rd dqN fd;k gS ;k ugha\\ ;fn vkt rd mUgksaus dqN ugha fd;k rks os dkSu&lk eqgwrZ ns[k jgs gSa\\ vkt+knh dh tax esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, rks lky ds 365 fnuksa esa ls 365 gh ifo=k gSaA gj iy Hkkjrekrk rqEgkjk bUrt+kj dj jgh gS fd rqe mldh t+athjsa rksM+us ds fy, viuk i+Qt+Z iwjk djrs gks ;k ughaA D;k bUlku cudj vkt+knh gkfly djksxs\\ blh loky ds tokc ls Hkkjr dk Hkfo\"; fuHkZj djrk gSA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 175

HkkbZ ckyedq Uq n th vxLr] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa çdkf'kr ;g ys[k Hkxr¯lg ;k muds fdlh lkFkh dk fy[kk gqvk gSA μ l- vc rd ge iatkch 'kghnksa ds thou ^fdjrh* eas fcuk Øe ds gh Nkirs jgs gAaS dHkh cCcj vdkyh 'kghnksa ds thou Nkis rks dHkh 1914&15 okys xn+ j ikVhZ ds 'kghnksa dsA dHkh 1908 okys enuyky th dk gh thou NkikA vc gekjk bjknk gS fd muds thou&o`ÙkkUr dks mlh rjg Nkirs gq, Hkh mu vkUnksyuksa dk Øe'k% gky fy[ksa rkfd gekjs ikBd le> ldsa fd iatkc esa tkx`fr dSls iSnk gbq Z vkjS fiQj dke dlS s gkrs k jgk vkjS fdu dkekas ds fy,] fdu fopkjkas ds fy,] mu 'kghnksa us vius çk.k rd mRlxZ dj fn;sA okLro esa vc dk vkUnksyu 1907 ls gh pyrk gS vkSj fiQj og dHkh fdlh jax esa vkSj dHkh fdlh <ax ls pyrk pyk x;kA 1907 esa cM+k Hkkjh vkUnksyu gqvkA tks'k esa vk;s yksxksa us dbZ txg naxs] >xM+s fd;s] mudh dqN ckrsa ljdkj us eku yha vkSj fiQj vkUnksyu dks dqpy MkykA ckn esa 1908&09 esa fyVjspj iSnk djus vkSj vPNs&vPNs fopkjksa dks iDdk djus dk dke gksrk jgkA ckn esa ,d [+kqfi+Q;k lkslk;Vh cu x;h] ftldk ifj.kke fnYyh ce dsl ls çdV gqvkA blesa pkj lTtuksa μ Jh vehjpUn th] Jh voèk fcgkjh] Jh ckyeqdqUn th vkjS Jh clUrdqekj fcLokl dks iQk¡lh gqbAZ ckn esa dkekxkVkek: dh ctct ?kVuk gks x;h vkSj 1914&15 ;kuh vxys gh o\"kZ x+nj&ygj dh jkSud gqbZ vkSj rhu&pkj lky rd ;gh gaxkek jgkA 1919 esa foæksg gq, vkSj ek'kyZ ykW yxkA fiQj vlg;ksx vkUnksyu pyk vkjS vdkyh vkUnksyu pys vkjS vkf[k+j esa cCcj vdkyh vkUnksyu pyk] ftlesa 10&12 yksx iQk¡lh ij yVdk;s x;s ;k yMr+ &s yMr+ s 'kghn gks x;As ita kc eas cfynkukas vkjS vkUnkys ukas dk bfrgkl fgUnqLrku esa lc çkUrksa ls vfèkd lqUnj vkSj xoZ ;ksX; gS] ysfdu vi+Qlksl gS fd mls vHkh rd fdlh us Øfed :i esa fy[kk gh ughaA vkt ge fnYyh&\"kM~;U=k ds 'kghn] 'kghn HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th dk thou fy[k jgs gSaA vxyh ckj ge fnYyh&\"kM~;U=k dk bfrgkl Hkh nsaxs vkSj ge muds 176 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lkFk ds vkSj 'kghnksa ds gkykr Hkh fy[ksaxsA Jh xq# rsxcgknqj lkgc dh tc vkSjaxt+sc us fnYyh esa gR;k djok;h Fkh rc muds lkFk ,d czkã.k HkkbZ efrnkl Hkh Fks vkSj mUgsa Hkh vkjs ls phjdj 'kghn fd;k x;k FkkA rc ls buds [k+kunku dks HkkbZ dk f[k+rkc feyk gqvk gSA HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th blh [k+kunku esa ls FksA vki dfj;kyk ft+yk >sye ds jgus okys FksA HkkbZ ijekuUn th ds pkpk ds yM+ds FksA vkius ch-,- rd f'k{kk çkIr dh FkhA vki rc tksèkiqj ds jktk ds yM+dksa dks i<+krs Fks] tc vkidks fxjÝ+rkj fd;k x;k FkkA ogk¡ vkids ?kj dh ryk'kh yh x;hA vkids xk¡o esa Hkh ?kj dh ryk'kh gqbZ] ysfdu dksbZ pht+ ,slh u feyh ftlls fd vkids f[k+yki+Q dqN lkfcr fd;k tk ldsA okLro esa 1907 esa tks vkUnksyu pyk Fkk mlds lkFk gh dqN vknfe;ksa esa tks'k Hkj x;k FkkA 1908 dh Hkkjrekrk cqd lkslk;Vh vkSj ykyk gjn;ky ds çpkj us Hkh dqN vkSj jax p<+k fn;kA mlds ckn caxky ds ,d&nks vkneh bèkj vk;sA mUgksaus buesa cgqr&ls ukStokuksa dks ,d [+kqfi+Q;k ikVhZ esa 'kkfey fd;kA 1910 esa Jh jklfcgkjh cksl us vkdj iatkc dk dke Lo;a laxfBr fd;k] ftlesa fd HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn dks gh ykgkSj dk tRFksnkj fu;r fd;k x;kA fnlEcj] 1912 esa fnYyh esa ok;ljk; dk tqywl fudy jgk FkkA cM+h 'kkuks&'kkSo+Qr] cM+h jkSud vkSj gks&gYyk epk gqvk FkkA pk¡nuh pkSd esa ls tqywl tk jgk FkkA ok;ljk; ykWMZ gk²Mx pkSdh ij lokj FksA vpkud ,d vksj ls ce fxjkA ok;ljk; ?kk;y gks x;k vkSj ,d ukSdj ej x;kA cM+k 'kksj gqvkA cM+s gkFk&ik¡o ekjs x;s] ysfdu dqN is'k u pyhA dqN irk u pyk fd ;g dke fdlus fd;kA ik¡p&Ng eghus xqt+j x;sA ykgkSj ds ykjsUl xkMZu ds fe.Vxqejh gkWy esa xksjksa dk ukp gks jgk FkkA gkWy ls ckgj ,d ce iQV x;kA blls ,d fgUnqLrkuh pijklh ej x;kA ml le; dksbZ fxjÝ+rkjh u gks ldhA fiQj dgk tkrk gS fd ,d ce ykgkSj ds fo+Qys esa pyk] mldk Hkh dqN irk u py ldkA ykjsUl ckx+ ds ce pyus ls dksbZ lkr&vkB eghus ckn caxky esa fdlh txg ryk'kh FkhA voèkfcgkjh dk fnYyh dk irk gkFk yx x;kA mudh ryk'kh gqbZ vkSj ,d i=k ykgkSj ls vk;k idM+k x;kA ml ij esgj ¯lg ds nLr[k+r FksA iwNus ij mUgksaus crk fn;k fd ;g i=k nhukukFk dk fy[kk gqvk gSA dbZ nhukukFk ykgkSj esa idM+s x;sA vkf[k+j esa vlyh nhukukFk Hkh fey x;k] ftlus dqN fnuksa esa iwjk Hksn [kksy fn;k vkSj ljdkjh ok;nk&eki+Q xokg cu x;kA mlds c;ku ls dksbZ ckjg vkneh vkSj idM+s x;sA tksèkiqj ls HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th Hkh idM+s x;As fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 177

fnYyh esa eqo+Qnek pykA lcls cM+k vkjksi Fkk] ^ykjsUl xkMZu dk ce vkSj r[+rk iyVus ds ijpksa dh ;kstukA* HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn pw¡fd ykgkSj ds tRFksnkj Fks vkSj cM+s ;ksX; o dV~Vj ns'kHkDr Fks] blfy, vkids f[k+yki+Q dqN Hkh lcwr u gksus ds ckotwn iQk¡lh dh lt+k ns nh x;hAs phi+Q dksVZ dk tt vihy ds i+QSlys esa Lo;a fy[krk gS μ \"Firstly, it is pointed out rightly enough that the search of his houses at Jodhpur and Karyala, his home in the Jhelum district, failed to reveal anything in his possession any conditions literature. Secondly admit- tedly he had no direct connection with the Lahore bomb outrage or the July leaflets.\" ;kuh] ;g rdZ is'k fd;k x;k gS fd muds ?kjksa dh ryk'kh ls dksbZ dkx+t+ ,slk ugha fudyk tksfd foæksg dk çpkj djus okyk gksA vkSj nwljh ckr ;g Hkh Bhd gS fd ykgkSj ce ls vkSj tqykbZ esa ck¡Vs x;s r[+rk iyV ijpksa ls Hkh mudk dksbZ lEcUèk çekf.kr ugha gksrk vkSj bl eqo+Qnes esa vkSj fdlh ce dk ft+Ø Hkh ugha] fiQj Hkh mUgsa ekSr dh lt+k D;ksa nh x;h\\ tt fy[krk gS fd D;k gqvk ;fn muls ykgkSj esa ce pykus ls igys ugha iwNk x;k] D;k gqvk fd ;fn os mu fnuksa ykgkSj esa ugha Fks] D;k gqvk ;fn bl ckr dk Hkh çek.k ugha fd ckn esa Hkh mUgsa ce pykus dh [k+cj nh x;hA vkf[k+j og \"kM~;U=k dk lnL; rks Fkk gh] og lkft'+ k eas 'kkfey rks gks gh pdq k FkkA cl] blh ls og gR;k dk ftE+ ens kj gS vkSj o+Qkuwu ds vuqlkj mls iQk¡lh dh lt+k feyuh pkfg,A o+Qkuwu dh fo'ks\"krkvksa dk vc D;k ft+Ø djsa\\ gn gh gks x;h gSA vkidks iQk¡lh dh lt+k nh x;h] D;ksafd vki cM+s dV~Vj r[+rk iyVus okys Fks vkSj cM+s ;ksX; FksA ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk cM+s t+ksjksa ls Hkjh gqbZ Fkh vkSj nwljh ckr ;g Fkh fd fnYyh ce ds py tkus ds ckn Hkh mlds pykus okykas dk irk u py ldus ls ljdkj dk jksc [k+Re gks x;k FkkA O-Dyer (vksMk;j) u;k&u;k ykV cudj vk;k Fkk] og ;g cjnk'r ugha dj ldkA og lkjk Øksèk blh eqo+Qnes esa fudkyk x;kA ,d lTtu cM+s lqUnj 'kCnksa esa vksMk;j dh ikWfylh dk ft+Ø djrs FksA os dgrs gSa fd vksMk;j dh ikWfylh Fkh μ \"Guilty or not guilty, a few must be punished to maintain the prestige of the Govt.\" ;kuh] pkgs vijkèkh gksa ;k funksZ\"k dqN vknfe;ksa dks lt+k t+:j nh tk;s] rkfd ljdkj ds jksc esa deh u gksA [k+Sj! vkidks iQk¡lh dh lt+k gqbZA vkius cM+h çlUurk ls lquhA vihy [kk+ fjt gks pdq us ds ckn vkidks 1915 eas iQkl¡ h ij yVdk fn;k x;kA ykxs crkrs gSa fd vki cM+s pko ls nkSM+s&nkSM+s x;sA iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij p<+ x;s vkSj vius 178 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gkFkksa ls gh iQk¡lh dh jLlh dks xys esa Mky fy;kA HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th dh viuh 'kgknr cM+h Å¡ph vkSj iwtk ;ksX; gS] ysfdu muds cfynku dks mudh èkeZiRuh ds vrqyuh; çse ls] lrh gksus ls vkSj Hkh pkj pk¡n yx x;sA HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th tsy esa cUn FksA mudh èkeZiRuh Jherh jkej[kh muls feyus vk;haA iwNk] ¶jksVh dSlh feyrh gS\\¸ mÙkj feyk] ¶vkèkh jsr vkSj vkèks vkVs dh tyh gqbZ vkSj fcYdqy dPph jksVh feyrh gSA¸ uewuk ys fy;kA ?kj tkdj oSlk vkVk rS;kj fd;k] oSlh gh jksVh idk;hA dgk μ ¶tc esjs çhre vki ,slh jksVh [kkrs gSa rks eSa blls vPNh dSls [kk ldrh gw¡A¸ oSlh gh jksVh [kkrh jghAa fiQj ,d ckj eyq koQ+ kr gbq AZ iNw k] ¶bruh l[r+ xehZ eas lkrs s dgk¡ g\\aS ¸ tokc feyk] ¶v¡èksjh dksBjh esa] l[+r xehZ esa nks dEcy feyrs gSaA¸ ?kj vk x;haA ?kj dh lcls fiNyh dksBjh esa tkdj lks x;haA ePNj dkV&dkVdj [kkrs FksA D;k djrha\\ ogha lksuk FkkA l[kh&lgsfy;ksa us dgk] ¶ixyh] ;g Hkh dksbZ ftU+ nk jgus okykas dk rjhoQ+ k g\\S ¸ Jherh jkej[kh us iNw k] ¶rks D;k ,ls s jgus okys cprs ugha\\¸ lf[k;ksa us dgk] ¶vkSj D;kA bl rjg djus okys Hkh D;k cps gSa\\¸ mudh vk¡[ksa Hkj vk;haA lgsfy;k¡ pqi gksdj cSB x;ha] og ogha lksrh jghaA ,d fnu os Hkhrj fu<ky iM+h Fkha fd ckgj ls vkSjrksa ds jksus&fpYykus dh vkokt+sa vk;haA lc le> fy;k fd muds çhre HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th dks iQk¡lh gks pqdh gSA mudh yk'k Hkh ugha nh x;hA mBhaA ugk;h&èkks;h] lqUnj&lqUnj diM+s vkSj vkHkw\"k.k igudj i+Q'kZ ij muds è;ku esa eXu gksdj cSB x;haA fiQj os mBha ughaA èkU; Fks HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn vkSj èkU; Jherh jkej[khA mUgksaus fgUnqLrkuh ØkfUr dks fdruk lqUnj cuk fn;kA fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 179

fnYyh&dls ds 'kghn! flrEcj] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa çdkf'krA μ l- fiNyh ckj geus fnYyh&lkft+'k dk dqN gky HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th ds thou ls fn;kA HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th] tSlkfd fiNyh ckj crk;k x;k Fkk] fxjÝ+rkjh ds le; egkjktk tksèkiqj ds yM+dksa dks i<+krs FksA ,d fnu eksVj esa jktdqekj ds lkFk cSBs lSj dks tk jgs Fks fd vaxzst+ vfèkdkjh muds fxjÝ+rkjh ds okj.V ysdj igq¡p x;kA ogha fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;s x;sA ogha vkids ?kj dh ryk'kh yh x;hA ljdkjh xokg nhukukFk us igys gh tks c;ku fn;k Fkk] mlds eqrkfco+Q HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th iatkc ds usrk pqus x;s Fks vkSj mUgsa nks ce fn;s x;s FksA nhukukFk ds dFkukuqlkj os nks ce HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn th ds ikl gh FksA dgha ykSVk;s ugha x;sA blh [k+;ky esa ?kj dh ryk'kh gqbZA lkjk ?kj dej rd [kksn Mkyk x;kA Nrsa mèksM+ nh x;ha] ysfdu ce ugha feysA [k+Sj! muds ikl ls dksbZ dkx+t+&i=k Hkh ,slk&oSlk ugha feyk] ftlls dksbZ [k+kl lcwr fey ldrk] ysfdu fiQj Hkh mUgas iQkl¡ h dh ltk+ feyhA HkkbZ ckyedq Uq n th igys ykyk yktirjk; ds vNrw kas ds dk;ZØe esa dke djrs jgs Fks vkSj igkM+ksa esa tgk¡ fd Nwr&Nkr cgqr ekuh tkrh g]S ogha os çpkj ds fy, fudy x;s FkAs ogk¡ ds muds lkFkh mudh ;kXs ;rk dh cM+h ç'kalk djrs gSaA ekLVj vehjpUn th bl dsl esa pkj vknfe;ksa dks iQk¡lh dh lt+k gqbZ FkhA muesa ls ekLVj vehjpUn th dksbZ 50 lky dh mez ds FksA os cM+s yk;d vkSj ;ksX; vkneh FksA vki fnYyh ds jgus okys FksA mPp f'k{kk çkIr FksA cM+s èkekZRek FksA fe'ku Ldwy] fnYyh esa i<+krs FksA vkids fny esa fgUnqLrku dh mUufr dk cgqr [k+;ky FkkA vki mnwZ vkSj vaxzst+h ds cM+s vPNs ys[kd FksA igys tc Lokeh jkerhFkZ iatkc esa vk;s rc vkius muds èkk£ed vkSj ns'kHkfDriw.kZ fopkjksa dk çpkj cM+s t+ksjksa ls fd;kA vkius ^[k+rwrs jke* vkfn dbZ iqLrdsa Niok;haA ckn esa ykyk gjn;ky th ,e-,- viuh Nk=ko`fÙk NksM+ foyk;r ls vaxszt+h f'k{kk dk cfg\"dkj dj Hkkjr 180 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ykSV vk;sA vkius ;gk¡ vkdj ,d rjg ds laU;klh okyf.V;j iSnk djus dk fopkj fd;k vkSj mUgksaus cgqr&ls fo|k£Fk;ksa dks f'k{kk ls gVk;k vkSj mUgsa lkFk ysdj laU;klh thou O;rhr djus yxsA 1908 ds vkf[k+j esa gh ykyk gjn;ky dks fgUnqLrku NksM+dj pys tkuk iM+kA ljdkj dgrh gS fd tc os tkus yxs rks mUgksaus viuh lEifÙk ek- vehjpUn th ds gokys dj nh] ftUgksaus fd mudh f'k{kk tkjh j[khA igys&igy nhukukFk vkSj ftrsUæukFk pVthZ muds ikl x;sA ckn esa voèkfcgkjh vkfn ls mudk ifjp; gqvkA ysfdu vly esa rks voèkfcgkjh igys gh fnYyh ds jgus okys Fks vkSj igys ls gh ifjfpr FksA [k+Sj! ekLVj vehjpUn cM+s ft+Unkfny] cM+s usdfny vkSj dV~Vj vkt+knh&ijLr FksA vki dgk djrs Fks fd fnYyh esa ^cUnj ekLVj* dk ?kj iwNrs gh esjk ?kj fey tk;sxkA fnYyh esa ok;ljk; ij ce py x;k] ysfdu ljdkj gkFk eyrh jg x;hA dqN Hkh irk u pykA ckn esa ,d ce ykgkSj ykjsUl xkMZu esa py x;k] ysfdu mldk Hkh dqN irk u pykA vkf[k+j jktk ckt+kj] dydÙkk dh ryk'kh esa Jh voèkfcgkjh dk uke o irk fudy vk;kA ek- vehjpUn dks igys gh 'kd dh fuxkg ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA voèkfcgkjh mUgha ds ikl jgrs FksA ,d fnu voèkfcgkjh dh ryk'kh gqbZA ce dh Vksih fey x;h vkSj ykgkSj dk ,d i=k fey x;k] ftl ij fd esgj ¯lg dh vksj ls ,e-,l-vkbZ- nLr[k+r fd;s x;s FksA iwNus ij vkius crk fn;k fd ;g [k+r nhukukFk dh vksj ls gSA nhukukFk dh fxjÝ+rkjh dh x;hA og iQwV iM+k vkSj mlus og lkjk Hksn [kksy fn;kA mlus crk;k fd ykjsUl xkMZu dk ce Jh voèkfcgkjh vkSj olUrdqekj us j[kk FkkA [k+Sj] eqo+Qnek pykA ekLVj vehjpUn us vius Hkrhts lqYrkupUn dks mÙkjkfèkdkjh cuk;k Fkk vkSj mlls vius iq=kksa tSlk I;kj djrs FksA mls viuh bPNkuqlkj f'k{kk nsrs FksA ns'kHkDr cukuk pkgrs FksA vki ij eqo+Qnek pykA ogh iq=k vkids f[k+yki+Q xokg cu x;kA t+jk lkspks cspkjs ekLVj vehjpUn th ds ckjs esa] ftls viuk iq=k cuk;k Fkk ogh ljdkjh xokg cudj vkids f[k+yki+Q xokgh ns jgk gS! dSlh nnZukd fLFkfr gSA vkt tc eqlhcr dk le; vk;k rks vius fny dk VqdM+k viuk iq=k Hkh lkFk u ns ldkA mnwZ ds ,d 'kk;j us D;k [+kwc dgk gS μ ckxck¡ us vkx nh tc vkf'k;kus dks esjs] ftuis rfd;k Fkk] ogh iÙks gok nsus yxs! eqo+Qnek pyrk jgkA xokg Hkqxrrs jgsA lcwr feyk fd og ,d lkft+'k ds lnL; Hkh gSa vkSj pw¡fd og cM+s yk;d vkSj cqf¼eku gSa] blfy, gR;k vkfn fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 181

djus dh lkft+'k ds fy, ukStokuksa dks cjxyk ldrs gSa vkSj μ \"One who spent his life furthering murderous schemes which he was too timid to carry out himself.\" ;kuh gR;k dk çpkj djus esa ftlus viuh iwjh ft+Unxh yxk nh] mlds ckjs esa og Lo;a lkglghu FkkA mUgha fnuksa r[+rk iyV ikVhZ dh vksj ls Liberty (vkt+knh) uke dk ,d ijpk ck¡Vk tkrk FkkA ,d ijps dk elkSnk ekLVj th ds gkFk dk fy[kk muds ?kj esa fey x;kA mlesa ,sls okD; vkifÙktud ekus x;s μ We are so many that we can seize and snatch from them their cannon. Reforms will not do. Revolution and a general massacre of all the foreigners specially the English will and alone can serve our purpose. ;kuh] ge la[;k esa brus gSa fd ge mudh rksisa Nhu ldrs gSaA ;s lM+s lqèkkj ;k ;kstuk,¡ fdlh dke ugha vk;saxhA ,d ckj r[+rk iyV nks vkSj fiQjaxh dks ekj [k+Re djksA [k+Sj] bUgha okD;ksa ds dkj.k gh mUgsa cM+k [+kw¡[k+kj o+Qkfry le>k x;k vkSj dgk x;kA vkids pfj=k lEcUèkh dSuu vkyuV vkSj feLVj ,l-ds- #æ vkfn crkSj xokg i's k g,q A mUgkuas s vkidh cgrq rkjhiQ+ dh] yfs du tt fy[krk gS fd ekLVj vehjpUæ ykfelky ns'kHkDr] cM+s usd] nnZeUn vkSj Å¡ps pfj=k ds FksA eryc ;g gS fd vkidks ml dls eas iQkl¡ h dh ltk+ nh x;hA vkius gl¡ rs g,q luq h vkjS vkf[kj+ eas cMh+ gl¡ h&[k+ 'q kh ls iQkl¡ h ij yVddj tku ns nhA fe- voèkfcgkjh vki cM+s gksugkj ukStoku FksA ch-,- ikl dj ls.Vªy Vsª¯ux dkWyst] ykgkSj ls ch-Vh- ikl dhA vki ij dbZ fycVhZ ijps fy[kus dk vkjksi FkkA vkidks ;w-ih- vkSj iatkc dh ikVhZ dk çeq[k fu;r fd;k x;k FkkA ^cUnh thou* ds ys[kd Jh 'kphUæukFk lkU;ky us vkidh cM+h rkjhi+Q dh gSA dgrs gSa fd vki cM+s ft+Unkfny Fks vkSj vkerkSj ij xquxqukrs jgrs Fks μ ,glku uk[+kqnk dk mBk;s esjh cyk] fd'rh [+kqnk is NksM+ nw¡ yaxj dks rksM+ nw¡aA bl 'ksj ls gh irk pyrk gS fd os fdrus eLrkus ohj FksA vki ij ijps fy[kus vkSj ykjsUl xkMZu esa ce pykus dk vkjksi FkkA vkidks Hkh iQk¡lh dh ltk+ gbq AZ vkius cMh+ [k+ 'q kh ls luq hA dgrs gaS fd iQkl¡ h yxus ds fnu vkils iNw k x;k] ¶vkf[k+jh bPNk D;k gS\\¸ tokc fn;k] ¶;gh fd vaxzst+ksa dk csM+k xdZ gksA¸ 182 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dgk x;k] ¶'kkUr jgksA vkt rks 'kkfUr ls çk.k nksA¸ dgus okyk ,d vaxzst+ FkkA mlls vkius dgk] ¶ns[kks th! vkt 'kkfUr dSlh\\ eSa rks pkgrk gw¡ fd vkx HkMd+ As pkjkas vkjs vkx HkMd+ As req Hkh tyk]s ge Hkh tyAas gekjh Xk+ yq keh Hkh tyAs vkf[k+j esa fgUnqLrku dqUnu cudj jgsA¸ vkius >V mNydj Lo;a xys esa iQk¡lh dk iQUnk Mky fy;kA bl rjg og ohj Hkh vkt+knh&nsoh ds pj.kksa esa vius çk.k cfynku dj x;kA tt vkids ckjs esa fy[krk gS μ \"Awadh Behari is a youngman of great intellectual ability. He stood second in the Ist division of the Punjab University B.T. Examination.\" fd voèkfcgkjh (25 o\"kZ dk) uktS oku gS vkjS cgrq gh ;kXs ; gAS og ita kc fo'ofo|ky; dh ch-Vh- dh ijh{kk esa iatkcHkj esa nwljs LFkku ij jgk gSA muds f[k+yki+Q ;g lcwr Hkh is'k gqvk fd vkids lkFk ekLVj vehjpUn dk cgqr çse Hkh bl ckr dk çek.k gS fd os lkft+'k ds lnL; Fks vkSj çse dk lcwr ;g gS fd vkidks ekLVj vehjpUn th (us) 'Dear Awadhji' (I;kjs voèk th) fy[kk FkkA Jh clUrdqekj fcLokl vki ufn;k ft+yk (caxky) ds jgus okys ukStoku FksA vkidh mez 23 o\"kZ FkhA vPNs i<&s+ fy[ks lTtu FkAs igys vkidks jklfcgkjh vius lkFk ys vk;s o vius ?kj esa deZpkjh cukdj j[kkA ckn esa vkidks ykgkSj Hkst fn;k x;k vkSj ogk¡ og ikiqyj fMLisaljh esa dEikm.Mj Hkjrh gks x;sA fnYyh esa ce ds fnuksa vki ykgkjS ls dbZ fnu x+k;c jgsA dgk tkrk gS fd ykjsUl xkMZu dk ce vkius gh voèkfcgkjh ds lkFk feydj j[kk FkkA ckn esa vki nks vkSj ce yk;s] tksfd nhukukFk ds dFkukuqlkj HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn ds ikl FksA fnlEcj] 1913 esa vki caxky ykSV x;s vkSj 1914 esa ogha ls idM+dj ykgkSj yk;s x;sA vksMk;j dks fnYyh esa ce pykus okyksa dk irk u pyus ls cM+k X+kqLlk vk jgk Fkk] blhfy, tc vkidks mezo+SQn dh lt+k gqbZ rks mUgksaus lt+k c<+kus dh vihy dhA vksMk;j us [+kqn ekuk gS fd mlus Hkh lt+k c<+kus dh fli+Qkfj'k dhA phi+Q dksVZ ds tt us fy[kk gS fd dgk tkrk g]S og dkbs Z cgrq cfq ¼eku vkneh ugha FkkA lkèkkj.k cfq ¼ dk vkneh Fkk] blfy, mls Vwy cukdj mlls dke fy;k tkrk Fkk vkSj og jklfcgkjh ds gkFkksa esa [ksyrk FkkA og x+yr gSA og fy[krk gS μ \"He is not a boy, for at 23 an Indian has long reached maturity.... fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 183

He looked to me a man of some force of character, without the familiar marks of weakness in his face.\" ;kuh og yM+dk ugha] 23 o\"kZ dh mez esa fgUnqLrkuh iwjk vkneh gks tkrk gSA og cM+k fnysj] le>nkj vkSj fny dk et+cwr vkneh gSA mlds psgjs ij dksbZ det+ksjh ds fu'kku ut+j ugha vkrsA vkjS bl loky ij fd vkidk dsUæh; desVh esa dksbZ ft+Ø ugha g]S blfy, mUgsa cM+k ekewyh vkneh le>dj Vwy cuk;k x;k Fkk] tt dgrk gS μ \"Basant Kumar Biswas had a long training and was quite ready for anything, though he was kept purposely outside of the inner circle, so that, if caught, he would not be able to give much information to his captors.\" ;kuh] clUrdqekj dks pw¡fd cgqr fnuksa ls lkjk dke fl[kk;k x;k Fkk] blfy, mls fli+QZ fdlh [k+rjukd dke ds fy, gh vyx j[kk x;k Fkk] rkfd ;fn dgha idM+k Hkh tk;s rks T+;knk [k+cjsa u ns ldsA [kj+S ! phi+Q dksVZ ds tt us vkidks iQk¡lh dh lt+k lquk nh] vkjS vkius cM+h [+kq'kh ls lquhA ,d ckr [k+kl o+Qkfcys&x+kSj gS fd vkids eqo+Qnes ds fy, caxky ls ,d odhy fe- lus vk;k Fkk] tcfd gekjs ykxs kas dk ;g gky Fkk fd egkRek galjkt dks ,d vkSj vkneh] ftldk iq=k buds yM+ds cyjkt ds lkFk blh ekeys esa idM+k gqvk Fkk] feyus vk;k rkfd eqo+Qnes lEcUèkh lykg dj ldsA egkRek th ds edku ls mls èkDds ekj ckgj fudky fn;k x;k vkSj vk;Zlekt ds ykbiQ+ eEs cj ;k ftUgkuas s viuh ijw h mez vk;lZ ekt dks ns nh Fkh] us Hkh mudh dksbZ enn u dhA ;g ckr t+jk [k+kl o+Qkfcys&x+kSj gSA lj ekbdy vksMk;j dgrk gS fd iQk¡lh yxus ls ,d fnu igys clUrdqekj us eku fy;k Fkk fd fnYyh esa ok;ljk; ds Åij ce mlus gh iQsadk FkkA D;k tkus lp gS ;k ughaA tks Hkh gks] vkf[k+j buesa ls gh fdlh dk dke FkkA vkius Hkh cM+h ohjrk ls iQk¡lh ij yVddj vius çk.k ns'k vkSj o+QkSe dh vkt+knh ds fy, cfynku dj fn;sA 184 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

'kghn [k+ 'q khjke! vDVwcj] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa çdkf'krA μ l- 1919 dk o\"kZ Hkh fgUnqLrku ds bfrgkl esa ges'kk gh ;kn jgsxkA rkt+h&rkt+h yM+kbZ [k+Re gqbZ FkhA fgUnqLrkfu;ksa vkSj fo'ks\"kr% iatkfc;ksa us çk.kksa ij [ksydj vaxzst+ksa dks thr gkfly djok;h Fkh] ysfdu vgadkjh vaxzst+ksa us vglku dk [+kwc cnyk pqdk;kA jksYV ,DV ikl dj fn;kA rwi+Qku ep x;kA iatkc esa rks [k+klrkSj ij tks'k c<+ x;kA iatkc esa rks vHkh fiNys ;q¼ dh ;kn rkt+k Fkh] mUgsa jksYV ,DV ns[kdj gn ntsZ dh gSjkuh gqbZA gM+rkysa] tqywl o eh¯Vxsa gksus yxhaA tks'k cgqr c<+kA ukScr tfy;k¡okyk vkSj ek'kZy ykW rd dh vk x;hA yksx Mj x;sA dkSu dgrk Fkk fd fugRFkksa ij Hkh xksyh pyk;h tk ldrh gSA vke yksxksa us fxjrs&iM+rs ihB esa gh xksfy;k¡ [kk;haA ysfdu muesa Hkh Jh [k+ 'q khjke th 'kghn us Nkrh ij xkfs y;k¡ [kk&[kkdj oQ+ ne vkxs gh c<k+ ;k vkjS cgknqjh dh yktokc felky o+Qk;e dj nhA vkidk tUe 27 lkou] loar 1957 esa xk¡o lSniqj] ft+yk >sye esa ykyk Hkxokunkl ds ?kj gqvk FkkA vkidh tkfr vjksM+k FkhA iSnk gksus ij vkidh tUe&i=kh cuk;h x;h vkSj crk;k x;k fd ;g ckyd cM+k cgknqj vkSj rxM+k gksxk vkSj bldk uke Hkh [+kwc çfl¼ gksxkA blfy, ml le; vkidk uke Jh Hkhelsu j[kk x;k] ysfdu ckn esa vki Jh [+kq'khjke ds uke ls gh çfl¼ gq,A vki vHkh cgqr NksVs gh Fks] tc vkids firk dk nsgkUr gks x;kA vkidk [k+kunku cgqr x+jhc Fkk vkSj vkidk ikyu&iks\"k.k ykgkSj uok¡dksV vukFkky; esa gqvk FkkA ogha igys&igy vkidh f'k{kk 'kq: gqbZA oD+r xqt+jrk pyk x;kA vki fiQj Mh-,-oh- dkWyst] ykgkSj esa i<+us yxsA 1919 esa 19 o\"kZ dh vk;q esa vkius iatkc fo'ofo|ky; ls 'kkL=kh dh ijh{kk nh Fkh vkSj NqfV~V;k¡ fcrkus tEew pys x;As lquk fd rhl ekpZ ds ckn egkRek xk¡èkhth us vkns'k fn;k fd 3 vçSy dks ns'kHkj esa gM+rky dh tk; vkSj tyls&tqywl fudkys tk;saA vki Hkh ykgkSj fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 185

igq¡psA vkdj iwjh rjg dke dks liQy cukus dk ç;Ru djus yxsA dkWystksa ds yM+dksa us uaxs flj cM+s&cM+s tqywl ^gk;&gk; jksYV ,DV* dgrs gq, fudkys FksA ;g lc vkids gh ;Ruksa dk iQy FkkA nks&pkj fnu cM+h jkSud jghA 12 vçSy dks ckn'kkgh efLtn] ykgkSj esa tylk gqvkA HkhM+ dk dksbZ 'kqekj u FkkA gt+kjksa vkneh FksA xekZxeZ Hkk\"k.k gq,A èkqvk¡èkkj Hkk\"k.kksa ds ckn tqywl cukdj yksx 'kgj dks py iM+sA ghjke.Mh tc igq¡ps vkSj 'kgj esa ?kqlus yxs] mlh le; uokc eqgEen vyh lsuk ds lkFk vkxs rSukr FkkA mlus gqDe fn;k fd tqywl Hkax dj nksA ysfdu os fnu cM+s vthc FksA Jh [+kq'khjke vkxs&vkxs >.Mk mBk;s tk jgs FksA dgk] ¶;g tqywl dHkh okil ugha fy;k tk ldrk vkSj tqywl dh 'kDy esa gh 'kgj esa ?kqlsxkA¸ uokc us gok esa xksyh pyk nhA yksx Hkkx NwVsA 'ksjenZ ykyk [k+ 'q khjke us xjtdj ,d ckj rks ykxs kas dks [k+ cw ykur nhA dgk] ¶rEq gas 'keZ ugha vkrh bl rjg xhnM+ksa dh rjg Hkkxrs gksA¸ yksx ,d=k gks x;sA ykyk [k+ 'q khjke vkxs tk jgs FkAs uokc us fiQj xkys h pyk;hA bl ckj xkys h gok eas ugh]a cfYd lhèks egk'k; [+kq'khjke dh Nkrh esa yxhA xksyh yxh] vki t+[+eh 'ksj dh rjg >iVdj vkxs c<+sA vkSj xksyh yxh rks vki vkSj vkxs c<+sA ,d&,d dj lkr xksfy;k¡ Nkrh esa yxha] ysfdu [+kq'khjke dk o+Qne vkxs gh vkxs c<+rk pyk x;kA vkf[k+j vkBoha xksyh ekFks ds nk;ha vksj vkSj uoha ck;ha vksj vk yxhA 'ksj rMi+ dj fxj iMk+ A [k+ 'q khjke lnk dh uhna lks x;]s yfs du vkt mudk uke ftU+ nk gSA mudh cgknqjh o fgEer vkt Hkh mlh rjg rkt+k gSA [k+Sj! vkidh yk'k dk cM+k Hkkjh tqywl fudykA vke [k+;ky fd;k tkrk gS fd de ls de ipkl gt+kj yksx bl tqywl esa 'kkfey FksA bl rjg ml ohj us vius vkSj vius jk\"Vª ds xkSjo ds fy, çk.kksa dh ckt+h yxk nh vkSj viuk uke vej dj x;kA dqN o\"kks± ckn ,d dfo us ,d cM+h nnZHkjh dfork fy[kh Fkh] ftldk ,d feljk ;ksa gS μ gk;! [+kq'khjke dh cjlh eukbZ u x;h! D;k [+kq'khjke dh ekSr dks ge Hkwy x;s\\ mlds eo+Qln is p<+kus dks ge Hkwy x;sA 186 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

Lokèkhurk ds vkUnkys u eas iatkc dk igyk mHkkj Hkxr¯lg us tsy esa iatkc dh jktuhfrd tkx`fr dk bfrgkl fy[kk Fkk] ftldk fuEufyf[kr va'k 1931 esa ykgkSj ds lkIrkfgd ^cUnsekrje~* esa èkkjkokfgd Nik FkkA ;g mnwZ vuqokn dk fgUnh :ikUrj gSA μ l- iatkc ds HkwriwoZ xouZj lj ekbdsy vksMk;j us viuh iqLrd 'India: As I Saw' eas ,d vfç; fdUrq lkFk gh vR;Ur egÙoi.w kZ lPpkbZ dks çdV fd;k gAS mUgkuas s dgk gS fd iatkc jktuhfrd gypyksa esa lcls ihNs gSA iatkc ds jktuhfrd vkUnksyuksa dk ftUgsa FkksM+k&lk Hkh Kku gS] og bl lPpkbZ dks Hkyh çdkj le> ldrs gSaA vkt rd dk bfrgkl nsf[k;sA Hkkjr dks Lokèkhu djus ds fy, lokZfèkd cfynku bl çkUr us fd;k gSA blds fy, cM+s Hkkjh&Hkkjh ladV bl çkUr dh turk dks lgu djus iM+s gaAS jktuhfrd] èkk£ed vkfn vkUnkys uksa esa ita kc Hkkjr ds vU; çkUrksa ls vkxs jgk gS] vkSj ns'k ds fy, tkuks&eky dh o+QqckZuh lcls T;+ knk blh lcw s ds ykxs kas us nh g]S fdUrq bl ij Hkh geas flj >dq kdj ;g Lohdkj djuk iM+rk gS fd jktuhfrd {ks=k esa iatkc lcls ihNs gSA bldk dkj.k dsoy ;g gS fd jktuhfrd vkUnksyu ;gk¡ dh turk ds O;fDrxr thou dk ,d vko';d vax ugha cu ldkA lkfgfR;d {ks=k esa Hkh bl çkUr us ;Fkk;ksX; LFkku çkIr ugha fd;kA f'kf{kr oxZ ds fy, ml le; rd μ vksMk;j ds bl iqLrd ds fy[kus rd μ Lons'k dh Lokèkhurk dk ç'u lcls vfèkd vko';d vkSj egÙoiw.kZ ugha cuk Fkk] blfy, cgqèkk dgk tkrk gS fd ;g lcw k cgrq ihNs gAS fgUnLq rku eas vkjS Hkh cgrq &ls ,ls s lcw s gaS tks ita kc ls cgqr ihNs gSa] fdUrq [ksn gS fd ;g vHkkxk lwck bl çdkj ds vkjksi lgdj Hkh ihNs gh gSA iatkc dh fo'ks\"k viuh dksbZ Hkk\"kk ughaA Hkk\"kk u gksus ds dkj.k lkfgR;& l`tu ds {ks=k esa Hkh dksbZ çxfr ugha gks ldhA vr% f'kf{kr leqnk; dks if'peh fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 187

lkfgR; ij gh fuHkZj jguk iM+kA bldk [ksntud ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd iatkc dk f'kf{kr oxZ vius çkUr dh jktuhfrd gypyksa ls vyx&Fkyx&lk jgrk jgkA blh dkj.k ita kc ds lkfgR; vkjS dyk&{k=s k eas jktuhfr dks LFkku ugha fey ldkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd iatkc esa ,sls dk;dZ rkZ bus&fxus gh gaS] tks viuk lEiw.kZ thou jktuhfr dks ns lds gSaA blh vkèkkj ij bl çkUr ij ,sls vkjksi yxk;s tkrs gSaA vius çkUr dh bl deh dh vksj çkUrh; usrkvksa vkSj iq#\"k lekt dk è;ku vkd£\"kr djuk gh bu ys[kksa dk mís'; gSA xq# jke ¯lg th ds usr`Ro esa gq, dwdk foæksg ls ysdj vkt rd iatkc esa tks Hkh vkUnksyu gq, vkSj ftl çdkj turk esa psruk vk;h] mlls og LorU=krk dh osnh ij viuk loZlq[k U;ksNkoj djus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;hA buesa ftu O;fDr;kas us vius çk.kkas dk cfynku fn;kA mudk thou&pfj=k rFkk bfrgkl çR;sd L=kh&iq#\"k ds lkgl dks c<+kus okyk gS ftlls og vius vè;;u vkSj vuqHkoksa ds çdk'k esa Hkkoh vkUnksyuksa dks Hkh Hkyh çdkj pyk ldsaxsA bl bfrgkl dks ys[kc¼ djus esa esjk ;g mís'; dnkfi ugha gS fd Hkfo\"; esa Hkh Bhd blh çdkj ds vkUnksyu liQy gks ldsaxsA esjk mís'; rks dsoy ;g gS fd turk mu 'kghnksa dh o+QqckZfu;ksa vkSj muds vkthou ns'k&lsok esa yxs jgus ls çsj.kk çkIr djs vkSj mudk vuqdj.k djsA le; vkus ij fdl rjg dk;Z djuk gksxk] bldk i+QSlyk ns'k dh rRdkyhu ifjfLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, dk;ZdrkZ Lo;a dj ldrs gSaA iatkc esa jktuhfrd gypysa dSls çkjEHk gqb±\\ lu~ 1907 ls iwoZ iatkc esa fcYdqy gh [k+keks'kh FkhA foæksg (dwdk foæksg) ds ckn dksbZ ,slk jktuhfrd vkUnksyu ugha mBk tks 'kkldksa dh uhan [kksy ldrkA 1908 esa iatkc esa igyh ckj dkaxzsl dk vfèkos'ku gqvkA fdUrq ml le; dkaxzsl ds dk;Z dk vkèkkj 'kkldksa ds çfr oi+Qknkjh çdV djuk FkkA blfy, jktuhfrd {ks=k esa mldk dksbZ mYys[kuh; çHkko ugha iM+kA lu~ 1905&06 esa caxky&foHkktu ds fo#¼ tks 'kfDr'kkyh vkUnksyu mB [kM+k gqvk Fkk vkSj Lons'kh ds çpkj rFkk fons'kh ds cfg\"dkj dh tks gypy çkjEHk gqbZ Fkh] bldk iatkc ds vkS|ksfxd thou rFkk lkèkkj.k turk ij cM+k Hkkjh çHkko iM+k FkkA mu fnuksa ;gk¡ Hkh (iatkc) Lons'kh oLrq,¡] fo'ks\"kr% [kk.M rS;kj djus dk loky iSnk gqvk vkSj ns[krs&ns[krs ,d&nks feysa Hkh [kqy x;haA ;|fi lwcs ds jktuhfrd thou ij bldk dksbZ çR;{k çHkko ugha iM+k] fdUrq ljdkj us bl m|ksx dks u\"V djus ds fy, xUus dh [ksrh dk yxku rhu xquk dj fn;kA igys ,d ch?ks dk yxku dsoy 2-50 #i;s Fkk] tcfd vc lk<+s 188 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lkr #i;s nsus iM+rs FksA blls fdlkuksa ij ,d Hkkjh cks> vk iM+k vkSj og ,dne grcqf¼&ls jg x;sA u;k dyksuh ,DV nwljh vksj ljdkj us yk;yiqj bR;kfn esa dbZ ugjsa [kqnokdj vkSj tkyUèkj] ve`rlj] gksf'k;kjiqj ds fuokfl;ksa dks cgqr&lh lqfoèkkvksa dk ykyp nsdj bl {ks=k esa cqyk fy;k FkkA ;s yksx viuh iqjkuh t+ehu&tk;nkn NksM+dj vk;s vkSj dbZ o\"kZ rd viuk [+kwu&ilhuk ,d djds bUgksaus bl taxy dks xqyt+kj dj fn;kA ysfdu vHkh ;s pSu Hkh u ys ik;s Fks fd u;k dyksuh ,DV buds lj ij vk x;kA ;g ,DV D;k Fkk] fdlkuksa ds vfLrRo dks gh feVk nsus dk ,d rjho+Qk FkkA bl ,DV ds vuqlkj gj O;fDr dh tk;nkn dk okfjl dsoy mldk cM+k yM+dk gh gks ldrk FkkA NksVs iq=kksa dk mlesa dksbZ fgLlk ugha j[kk x;k FkkA cM+s yM+ds ds ejus ij og t+ehu ;k vU; tk;nkn NksVs yM+dksa dks ugha fey ldrh Fkh] ftlls ml ij ljdkj dk vfèkdkj gks tkrk FkkA dksbZ vkneh viuh t+ehu ij [kM+s o`{kksa dks ugha dkV ldrk FkkA muls og ,d nkrqu rd ugha rksM+ ldrk FkkA tks t+ehusa mudks feyh Fkha mu ij og dsoy [ksrh dj ldrs FksA fdlh çdkj dk edku ;k >ksaiM+k] ;gk¡ rd fd i'kqvksa dks pkjk Mkyus ds fy, [kqjyh rd ugha cuk ldrs FksA o+Qkuwu dk FkksM+k&lk Hkh mYya?ku djus ij 24 ?k.Vs dk uksfVl nsdj rFkkdfFkr vijkèkh dh t+ehu t+Cr dh tk ldrh FkhA dgk tkrk gS fd ,slk o+Qkuwu cukdj ljdkj pkgrh Fkh fd FkksM+s&ls fonsf'k;ksa dks reke t+ehu dk ekfyd cuk fn;k tk;s vkjS t+ehu ds fgUnksLrkuh dk'rdkj muds lgkjs ij jgsaA blds vfrfjDr ljdkj ;g Hkh pkgrh Fkh fd vU; çkUrksa dh Hkk¡fr iatkc esa FkksM+s&ls cM+s&cM+s t+ehankj gksa vkSj cko+Qh fugk;r x+jhc dk'rdkj gksaA bl çdkj turk nks oxks± esa foHkDr gks tk;sA ekynkj dHkh Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ljdkj&fojksfèk;ksa dk lkFk nsus dk lkgl ugha dj ldsaxs vkSj fuèkZu Ñ\"kdksa dks] tks fnu&jkr esgur djds Hkh isV ugha Hkj ldsaxs] bldk volj gh ugha feysxkA bl çdkj ljdkj [kqys gkFkksa tks pkgsxh] djsxhA v'kkfUr ds cht mu fnuksa mÙkj çns'k vkSj fcgkj ox+Sjg lwcksa esa fdlkuksa dh gkyr ,slh gh gS (Fkh) ysfdu iatkc ds yksx tYn gh l¡Hky x;sA ljdkj dh bl uhfr ds fo#¼ mUgksaus t+cjnLr vkUnksyu çkjEHk fd;kA jkoyfi.Mh dh rji+Q Hkh bu fnuksa gh u;k cUnkscLr [k+Re gqvk Fkk vkSj yxku c<+k;k x;k FkkA bl çdkj lu~ 1907 fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 189

ds 'k:q eas gh v'kkfUr ds leLr dkj.k mifLFkr FkAs bl o\"kZ ds 'k:q eas gh ita kc ds xouZj lj Mkafdt+y ,sfcVlu us dgk Hkh Fkk fd bl le; ;|fi çdV :i ls rks 'kkfUr gS] fdUrq turk ds ân; esa vlUrks\"k c<+rk tk jgk gSA bu fnuksa ns'kHkj esa ,d [k+keks'kh Nk;h gqbZ FkhA ^Bgjks vkSj ns[kks* dh eu%fLFkfr esa turk FkhA ;g [k+keks'kh rwi+Qku vkus ls igys dh 'kkfUr FkhA cspSuh iSnk gksus ds lHkh dkj.k mifLFkr Fks] fo'ks\"kr% iatkc esa rks ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Fkha fd v'kkfUr mRiUu gks tkuk loZFkk mfpr vkSj vko';d gh FkkA lu~ 1906 dh dkaxzsl 1906 esa dkaxszl dk ok£\"kd vfèkos'ku dydÙkk esa gqvkA nknk HkkbZ ukjS ksth mlds lHkkifr FksA bl vfèkos'ku esa mUgksaus loZçFke vius Hkk\"k.k esa ^LojkT;* 'kCn dk mPpkj.k fd;kA British Parliament ds vius futh vuqHkoksa ds vkèkkj ij Lo- nknk HkkbZ us dgk Fkk fd ;fn ge dqN çkIr djuk pkgrs gSa rks gesa vius vUnj rko+Qr iSnk djuh gksxhA vius ik¡oksa ds cy ij gh gesa [kM+k gksuk gksxk] iRFkjksa dh rjg fLFkj n`f\"V ls ns[krsHkj jgus ls gh dke ugha pysxkA ykyk yktir jk; Bhd ;gh ckr ,d o\"kZ iwoZ cukjl ds dkaxzsl vfèkos'ku esa iatkc dsljh ykyk yktir jk; th us dgh FkhA iwT; ykyk th dkaxzsl ds çèkku LoxhZ; xks[kys ds lkFk ,d MsiwVs'ku esa baXyS.M Hksts x;s FksA ogk¡ ls ykSVdj mUgksaus ,d cgqr gh xje Hkk\"k.k fn;k FkkA yksdekU; fryd 1906 ds dkaxzsl vfèkos'ku esa yksdekU; fryd dk cksyckyk Fkk] uo;qod leqnk; mudh [kjh vkSj Li\"V ckrksa ds dkj.k mudk HkDr cu x;k FkkA mudh fuHkhZdrk] dqN dj xqt+jus dh Hkkouk vkSj cMs+ ls cM+s d\"V lgus ds fy, gj {k.k rS;kj jgus ds dkj.k uo;qod mudh vksj ¯[kps pys vk jgs FksA dkaxzsl vfèkos'ku ds vfrfjDr dkaxzsl ds i.Mky ls ckgj Hkh yksdekU; ds vusd Hkk\"k.k bl volj ij gq, FksA ljnkj fd'ku ¯lg vkSj ljnkj vthr ¯lg tks ;qod yksdekU; ds çfr fo'ks\"k :i ls vkd£\"kr gq, Fks] muesa dqN iatkch ukStoku Hkh FksA ,sls gh nks iatkch toku fd'ku ¯lg vkSj esjs vknj.kh; pkpk l- vthr ¯lg th FksA 190 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

^Hkkjrekrk* v[k+ckj rFkk esgrk uUnfd'kksj l- fd'ku ¯lg rFkk l- vthr ¯lg us okil ykgkSj vkdj ^Hkkjrekrk* uked ,d ekfld i=k dk çdk'ku djuk vkjEHk fd;k vkjS vknj.kh; egs rk uUnfd'kkjs dks lkFk ysdj vius fopkjksa dk çpkj djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA buds ikl u èku Fkk vkSj u èkuh oxZ ls lEidZ gh FkkA fdlh lEçnk; ds usrk ;k egUr Hkh ugha FksA vr% çpkj&dk;Z ds fy, visf{kr lHkh lkèku Lo;a gh tqVkus iM+sA ,d fnu ?k.Vh ctkdj ckt+kj esa dqN yksxksa dks tek dj fy;k vkSj bl fo\"k; ij Hkk\"k.k nsus yxs fd fonsf'k;ksa us Hkkjrh; m|ksx ,oa O;olk; dks fdl çdkj u\"V fd;k gSA ogha ;g Hkh ,yku dj fn;k fd vkxkeh jfookj dks ,d egÙoiw.kZ lHkk ^Hkkjrekrk* ds dk;kZy; ds ikl] tks ykgkSjh vkSj 'kkykekjh njokt+s ds eè; fLFkr gS] gksxhA igyh lHkk ikiM+ e.Mh esa] nwljh ykgkSjh e.Mh esa gqbZA rhljh lHkk esa Hkk\"k.kksa ls iwoZ ,d iatkch uo;qod us cM+h gh eeZLi'khZ rFkk ns'kHkfDriw.kZ Hkkoukvksa ls ljkcksj ,d uT+e i<+h] ftldh Jksrkvksa us cgqr ç'kalk dhA vc ;g ukStoku Hkh blh ny esa lfEefyr gks x;sA ;g ukStoku iatkc ds çfl¼ jk\"Vªdfo ykyk ykypUn ^iQyd* Fks] tks vkt rd viuh mRlkgiw.kZ dforkvksa ls ns'k dks txkrs jgs gSaA blh lIrkg ykyk fi.Mhnkl th rFkk MkW- bZ'ojh çlkn th bR;kfn dqN vkSj lTtu Hkh bl ny esa lfEefyr gks x;sA bu lcds ny esa vkus ls ^vatqeu eqfgCcrkus oru* ds uke ls ,d laLFkk cuk;h x;h] tks ckn esa ^Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh* ds uke ls çfl¼ gqbZA vkxkeh jfookj dks fiQj ,d lkoZtfud lHkk gksus okyh FkhA mlh fnu ykgkjS eas Jherh ,us h chl.s V ds Hkk\"k.k dk Hkh vk;kts u FkkA dNq fe=kkas us ijke'kZ fn;k fd bl volj ij Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh Hkax dj nh tkos] fdUrq ;g ijke'kZ Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;k vkSj u viuh lHkk dks gh LFkfxr djuk mfpr le>kA vkf[k+j lHkk gqbZ rks mifLFkfr i;kZIr FkhA blh lHkk esa ;g ?kks\"k.kk dj nh x;h fd çR;sd jfookj dks lHkk gqvk djsxh vkSj bl laLFkk ds çèkku l- vthr ¯lg rFkk lsØsVªh esgrk uUnfd'kksj pqus x;s gSaA tkVksa dh lHkk ,d&nks ekl rd blh çdkj çpkj gksrk jgkA ,d fnu ykgkSj vkSj ve`rlj {ks=k ds tkV Ñ\"kdksa us yxku c<+k;s tkus ds fo#¼ ,d lHkk djus dk fu'p; fd;kA vtesjh njokt+s ds ckgj jrupUn dh ljk; esa ;g lHkk vk;ksftr dh x;h Fkh] fdUrq tc tkV yksx tek gks x;s rks Mh-lh- us jrupUn ds yM+ds dks cqykdj tk;nkn t+Cr dj ysus dh èkedh nhA bl ij jrupUn ds yM+ds us ogk¡ ,d=k gq, fdlkuksa dks viuh ljk; ls ckgj fudky fn;kA bl fLFkfr esa fdlkuksa us fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 191

uxj ds usrk ekus tkus okys lTtuksa ls lEidZ LFkkfir fd;k] fdUrq ogk¡ ls Hkh mUgsa lki+Q tokc feykA gj vksj ls ek;wl gksdj os cspkjs E;qfufliy xkMZu esa tk cSBsA blh chp ^Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh* ds lnL;ksa dks bldh lwpuk feyh vkSj os bu ykxs kas dks vius LFkku ij ys vk;As lkls kbVh ds ikl ,d dejs ds vfrfjDr ,d fo'kky eSnku Hkh FkkA bl eSnku esa nfj;k¡ fcNkdj 'kkfe;kuk yxok fn;k x;k vkjS ,d vkjs mu fdlkukas ds Hkkts u ds fy, yxa j dk çcUèk dj fn;k x;kA blls fdlkuksa dk mRlkg cgqr c<+ x;k vkSj fiQj iwjs ,d lIrkg çfrfnu ogha lHkk,¡ gqb±] ftuesa fuHkhZd Hkk\"k.k fn;s x;sA bl lHkk esa vke fdlkuksa dk mRlkg ns[kdj ^Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh* ds lnL;ksa dk gkSlyk vkSj Hkh c<+ x;kA blds ckn nsgkrksa ds nkSjs dk dk;ZØe cuk;k x;k] ftlls fdlkuksa dks yxkucUnh ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk ldsA ;g ljdkj ds fo#¼ ;q¼ dh ?kks\"k.kk Fkh vkSj turk esa tks'k bruk Fkk fd bl la?k\"kZ esa og viuk loZLo nk¡o ij yxk nsus ds fy, rRij jgrh FkhA lwi+Qh vEckçlkn Bhd bUgha fnuksa Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh esa ,d mPp dksfV ds ns'kHkDr] jktuhfrd vkjS y[s kd çfo\"V g,q A vkidk uke Jh liw Q+ h vEckçlkn FkkA liw Q+ h th dk tUe lu~ 1858 esa eqjknkckn esa gqvk FkkA mnwZ ds çHkko'kkyh ys[kd] fgUnw&eqfLye ,drk ds çcy leFkZd rFkk LorU=krk ds ,d fuHkhZd iqtkjh FksA vkius ,d lkIrkfgd fudkyk Fkk vkSj blds o\"kZHkj ckn gh jkt&foæksg ds vijkèk esa lok nks o\"kZ ds dkjkokl dk n.M feykA ;g lt+k dkVdj vk;s rks lkyHkj ds Hkhrj&Hkhrj vkids f[k+yki+Q nwljk eqo+Qnek [kM+k dj fn;k x;k vkSj bl ckj vkidks 6 o\"kZ ds dkjkokl dk n.M feykA mu fnuksa jkt&foæksg esa n.M ik;s gq, o+QSfn;ksa dks cgqr [k+rjukd ekuk tkrk Fkk vkSj muds lkFk tsy esa O;ogkj Hkh cgqr cqjk gksrk FkkA lu~ 1906 esa vki tsy ls fjgk gq, vkSj iatkc esa ;g u;h jktuhfrd tkx`fr ns[kdj iatkc pys vk;sA ;gha vkdj vki ^fgUnqLrku* lkIrkfgd ds lgdkjh lEiknd cuk;s x;sA vkids xekZxeZ ys[kksa vkSj lEiknfd;ksa esa vkidk uke fn;s tkus ls v[k+ckj ds ekfydksa dks cM+h ?kcjkgV jgrh FkhA bl ij vkidks mDr v[k+ckj ls R;kxi=k nsuk iM+kA lcls igys vki tkVksa dh lHkk esa vk;s Fks vkSj fiQj ;gha jg x;sA ckn esa rks ljnkj vthr ¯lg ls vkidh ,slh ?kfu\"Brk gks x;h Fkh fd ,d&nwljs ls vyx gksuk loZFkk vlEHko gks x;kA bUgha fnuksa yk;yiqj esa ,d cgqr cM+k esyk gksus okyk FkkA ;g esyk ^e.Mh eosf'k;k¡* ds uke ls çfl¼ FkkA bl esys esa yksx gt+kjksa eosf'k;ksa dks 192 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

[k+jhnus&cspus ds fy, lfEefyr gqvk djrs FksA bl o\"kZ nSfud ^ft+ehankj* ds ekfyd fe;k¡ fljktqíhu rFkk ,d&nks vU; lTtuksa us bl volj ij ,d lHkk djus dk fu'p; fd;kA blesa u;s dyksuh ,DV ds fo#¼ çLrko ikl djus FksA bl lHkk esa Hkk\"k.k nsus ds fy, ykyk th dks fo'ks\"k :i ls cqyk;k x;k FkkA Hkkjrekrk lkls kbVh ds lnL;kas us Hkh bl volj ij lHkk djus dk fu'p; fd;kA Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh ds lnL; xjenyh Fks] vr% oSèkkfud :i ls vkUnksyu pykus dk fopkj j[kus okys lTtu blls FkksM+s ?kcjk x;sA Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh dh vksj ls nks dk;ZdrkZ ogk¡ bl mís'; ls Hksts x;s fd os ogk¡ igq¡pdj vius vudq yw ifjfLFkfr cuk y]as ftlls ,d&nks fnu ckn ljnkj vthr ¯lg th vius vU; lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk igq¡pdj liQyrk ds lkFk çpkj dj ldsaA ft+ehankj&lHkk dh vksj ls tks i.Mky yxk Fkk mlesa gh nks&,d fnu Hkk\"k.k nsdj ^Hkkjrekrk lkslkbVh* ds dk;ZdrkZvksa us tu&lkèkkj.k dh lgkuqHkwfr çkIr dj yhA mèkj ftl fnu LoxhZ; ykyk th ykgkSj ls jokuk gq,] mlh fnu l- vthr ¯lg th us Hkh ogk¡ ds fy, çLFkku fd;kA ykyk th us l- vthr ¯lg ls iqNok;k fd vkidk Hkkoh dk;ZØe D;k gS\\ vius dk;ZØe dh lwpuk Hkh ykyk th us nh fd ljdkj us dyksuh ,DV esa tks FkksM+k&lk ifjorZu dj fn;k gS mlds fy, ljdkj dk èkU;okn nsrs gq, ;s o+Qkuwu dks jí djus dh ek¡x djsaxsA ljnkj th us mÙkj esa dgk μ gekjk dk;ZØe rks ;g gS fd turk dks yxkucUnh ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk;sA lkFk gh gekjs dk;ZØe esa ljdkj ds çfr èkU;okn dks rks dksbZ LFkku fey gh ugha ldrkA ykyk th vkSj ljnkj th nksuksa gh yk;yiqj igq¡psA LoxhZ; ykyk th dk fo'kky tqywl fudkyk x;k] ftlds dkj.k yxHkx nks ?k.Vs esa ykyk th i.Mky esa igq¡p ik;sA ysfdu gekjs ,sls Hkh yksx Fks tks tqywl esa lfEefyr u gksdj lhèks i.Mky esa gh igq¡p x;s Fks vkSj ogk¡ Hkk\"k.k vkjEHk gks x;s FksA ,d&nks NksVs&NksVs Hkk\"k.kksa ds i'pkr l- vthr ¯lg th us Hkk\"k.k fn;kA vki cgqr gh çHkko'kkyh O;k[;kunkrk FksA vkidh fuHkhZd Hkk\"k.k&'kSyh us turk dks vkidk HkDr cuk fn;k vkSj Jksrkx.k Hkh tks'k esa vk pqds FksA ftl le; bl lHkk ds vk;kstd tqywl dks ysdj i.Mky esa igq¡ps] turk ^Hkkjrekrk lkslk;Vh* ds lkFk gks pqdh FkhA ,d&nks ujenyh usrkvksa us l- vthr ¯lg dks cksyus ls jksdus dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh] ysfdu Jksrkvksa us mudks ,slh iQVdkj yxk;h fd og viuk&lk eq¡g ysdj jg x;sA blls turk ds tks'k esa vkSj Hkh o`f¼ gks x;hA ,d fdlku us mBdj ,yku dj fn;k fd esjs ikl 10 eqjCcs t+ehu gS] ftls eSa vkidh lsok esa v£ir djrk gw¡] vkSj viuh iRuh lfgr ns'klsok ds fy, rS;kj gw¡A fojklr ls lk{kkRdkj % Hkkjrh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu @ 193

l- vthr ¯lg ds i'pkr ykyk yktirjk; Hkk\"k.k nsus ds fy, mBsA ykyk th iatkc ds cstksM+ Hkk\"k.kdrkZ Fks] fdUrq ml fnu ds okrkoj.k esa os ftl 'kku] ftl fuHkhZdrk rFkk fu'p;kRed Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk cksys] mldh ckr gh dqN fujkyh FkhA ykyk th ds Hkk\"k.k dh ,d&,d ykbu ij rkfy;k¡ ctrh Fkha vkSj t; ds ukjs cqyUn gksrs FksA lHkk ds i'pkr cgqr&ls O;fDr;ksa us vius dks ns'k dk dk;Z djus gsrq v£ir djus dh ?kks\"k.kk dhA yk;yiqj ds Mh-lh- Hkh ogk¡ mifLFkr FksA lHkk dh dk;Zokgh ns[kdj mUgksaus ;g ifj.kke fudkyk fd ;g lkjk vk;kstu ,d \"kM~;U=k FkkA ykyk yktir jk; bu lcds xq# gSa vkSj uo;qod l- vthr ¯lg mudk f'k\"; gSA ljdkj dk ;g fopkj cgqr fnuksa rd cuk jgkA lEHkor% ykyk th vkSj vthr ¯lg th dks ut+jcUn djus dk Hkh ;gh dkj.k FkkA ykyk th ds Hkk\"k.k ds ckn Jh ck¡dsn;ky th us ,d cgqr gh çHkko'kkyh uT+e i<+h] tks ckn esa vR;Ur yksdfç; gks x;hA ;g uT+e ^ixM+h l¡Hkky vks tV~Vk* FkhA ykyk ck¡dsn;ky iqfyl esa lc&baLisDVj Fks] vkSj ljdkjh ukSdjh NksM+dj bl vkUnksyu esa lfEefyr gks x;s FksA bl fnu uT+e i<+dj tc og eap ls mrjs rks Hkkjrekrk lkslk;Vh ds dk;ZdrkZvksa us mudks xys ls yxk fy;kA ykgkSj esa gq, naxs ds ckn E;qfufliy cksMZ us ,d çLrko ikl fd;k Fkk fd 'kgj esa lHkh dkWystksa ds fçafliyksa ls dgk tk;s fd os fo|k£Fk;ksa dks jktuhfrd vkUnkys ukas eas Hkkx yus s ls jkds as vkjS mUgsa Nk=kkokl ls ckgj u tkus nAas tks fo|kFkhZ mudh vkKk dk ikyu u djs mls dM+k ls dM+k n.M fn;k tk;sA bl çLrko ds lEcUèk esa yksdekU; fryd us vius ejkBh i=k ^dsljh* esa ,d t+cjnLr ys[k fy[kk FkkA yksdekU; us fy[kk Fkk fd bl naxs ij fdls [ksn vkSj nq[k u gksxk\\ dkSu pkgrk gS fd ;qod FkksM+s èkS;Z ls dke u ysa\\ ysfdu E;qfufliy cksMZ ds bl çLrko dk D;k vk'k; gS\\ ipkl o\"kZ ckn vkt ns'k ds ;qodksa esa FkksM+h&lh tkx`fr fn[kk;h nh gSA mls ,d lkèkkj.k&ls cyos ds dkj.k u\"V djus dk çLrko D;ksa fd;k tk;s\\ vkt tc ;qodksa esa ns'k&HkfDr dh Hkkouk,¡ meM+ jgh gSa vkSj os Lokèkhurk ds fy, cspSu gSa rks mudks çse ds lkFk le>kuk pkfg, fd os viuh 'kfDr dk bl çdkj viO;; u djsaA turk tks'k esa vkdj tc dqN dj xqt+jrh Fkh rks xje ny dh ;gh uhfr gksrh FkhA xje ny ds usrk tkurs Fks fd tc turk esa tkx`fr gksrh gS] rks mlds lkFk tks'k vkSj cspSuh gksuk Hkh vo';EHkkoh gSA os ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd iQw¡d&iQw¡ddj o+Qne j[kus okys egkuqHkko LorU=krk ds la?k\"kZ esa vfèkd le; rd ugha fVd ldrsA jk\"Vª ds fuekZrk rks uo;qod gh gqvk djrs gSaA fdlh us 194 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+