Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

viuh j{kk ds fy, iqfyl dk eq¡g ns[kuk pkfg,] ge yksx fdrus det+ksj gks jgs gSaA bl rjg gekjs Hkhrj ls bUlkfu;r [k+Re dh tk jgh gSA ;gh rks otg gS fd gfj ¯lgth uyok tSls tjuSy iSnk dj ldus okyh o+QkSe ds vknfe;ksa dks egt vkt+knh ls Mjkus ds fy, ljfgUn ds iBkuksa dk Hkwr fn[kkdj Fkj&Fkj d¡ik fn;k tkrk gSA lcls cM+h ckr gS fd ;g bUlkfu;r dk vieku gS fd lkjs eqYo+Q eas ls gfFk;kj x+k;c dj fn;s tk;saA tgk¡ viuh i+QkSth rko+Qr dks vaxzst+ fnuksfnu c<+k;s pys tk jgs gSa] ogk¡ gesa fdl rjg fugRFks djds iQsadk x;k gSA vkSj vktdy [k+klrkSj ij iqfyl vkSj [+kqfi+Q;k iqfyl dh lkjh rko+Qr yqds&fNis gfFk;kj [kkstus esa vkSj Hkfo\"; esa mudk vkuk cUn djus esa [+kpZ gks jgh gSA ckr D;k gS\\ jkYs V fjikVs Z eas lkiQ+ rkjS ij fy[kk gvq k gS fd ;fn 1914&15 eas ita kc vkjS cxa ky ds jktifjorZudkfj;ksa ds ikl dki+Qh gfFk;kj gksrs rks cM+k vUèksj gks tkuk FkkA ;gh ckr ^cUnh thou* esa fy[kh x;h gSA vktdy yM+kbZ ds vklkj ut+j vk jgs gSaA yM+kbZ Hkh og lkeus ljgn ijA bl ckj fiNys vuqHkoksa ls i+Qk;nk mBk;k tk jgk gS vkSj igys ls gh vuqeku yxk;s tk jgs gSaA ysfdu ge viuk o+QkSeh go+Q vkSj bUlkuh go+Q le>rs gSa fd ge Hkh gfFk;kj j[k ldsaA ge igys Jh vokjh] ukxiqj 'kL=k&lR;kxzg dk dqN gky ns pqds gSaA yksxksa esa blds fo#¼ fopkj rks iSnk gks jgk gSA ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk dh çkUrh; dkWUç+Qsal] ve`rlj us Hkh ikl fd;k Fkk fd tYn gh ;g lR;kxzg fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ukStokuksa ds vkUnksyuksa dks rks [k+klrkSj ij bl vksj è;ku nsuk pkfg,A otg ;g gS fd ukStokuksa ds fny esa o+Qqnjrh tT+ck iSnk gks tkrk gS fd og Hkh gfFk;kj j[ksaA vxj dksbZ flj ihVdj] dksf'k'k djds ,d&vkèk fiLrkSy ik Hkh ysrk gS rks ljdkj >V ml ij lkft+'k dk dsl pyk nsrh gS] vkSj mezo+SQn ns nsrh gSA fiQj t+jk fopkj rks djsa fd D;k vUèksj gks jgk gSA dksbZ x+jhc fiLrkSy j[k gh ys rks 3 lky dh o+SQn!! xt+c gS! gks D;k x;k\\ dksbZ jktuhfrd fopkjksa okyk dksbZ gfFk;kj j[k ys rks lkr lky dh o+SQn! ni+Qk 20 ds vuqlkj fcuk ykblsal gfFk;kj j[kus ds lkFk] mudks Nqikus dh lt+k 7 lky gSA ;gh rks otg gS fd tgk¡ vke yksxksa dks 3&3 eghus dh o+SQn gksrh gS] ogk¡ ds-lh- cuthZ dks jktifjorZudkjh le>dj ik¡p lky o+SQn ns nh x;h FkhA ge le>rs gSa fd çR;sd fgUnqLrkuh dks blds f[k+yki+Q vkokt+ mBkuh pkfg,A igys yksxksa dks bldh t+:jr eglwl djok nsuh pkfg,A ,d ckj pkjksa rji+Q ls vkokt+ mBuh pkfg, μ vkElZ ,DV mM+k nks! (Repeal the Arms Act) vkSj fiQj lkFk gh lR;kxzg 'kq: dj nsuk pkfg,A vlsEcyh vkSj dkSaflyksa fofoèk lkekftd&jktuhfrd ç'u % dq'kkxz fo'ys\"kd n`f\"V @ 295

esa ,sls gh çLrko ikl gksus pkfg,A Jh vokjh us ftl 'kqHk dke dks 'kq: fd;k Fkk] mldks o+Qke;kc cukus dh iwjh dksf'k'k gksuh pkfg,] rkfd fiQj fgUnqLrkuh ukStokuksa esa ls det+ksjh] cqt+fnyh nwj gksA fiQj fgUnqLrku ds mBus ds vklkj gksaA 296 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

VI. uktS oku Hkkjr lHkk vkjS jk\"Vhª ; urs R` o dk eYw ;kda u



uktS oku Hkkjr lHkk] ykgkSj dk ?kks\"k.kki=k Hkxr¯lg vkSj Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk us ukStokuksa vkSj fo|k£Fk;ksa dks laxfBr djus ds ç;kl 1926 ls gh 'kq: dj fn;s FksA ve`rlj esa 11] 12] 13 vçSy] 1928 dks gq, ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk ds lEesyu ds fy, lHkk dk ?kks\"k.kki=k rS;kj fd;k x;kA Hkxr¯lg bl lHkk ds egklfpo vkjS Hkxorhpj.k okgs jk çpkj&lfpo cuAs ukStoku lkfFk;ks] gekjk ns'k ,d vO;oLFkk dh fLFkfr ls xqt+j jgk gSA pkjksa rji+Q ,d&nwljs ds çfr vfo'okl vkjS grk'kk dk lkekz T; gAS n's k ds cMs+ urs kvkas us vius vkn'kZ ds çfr vkLFkk [kks nh gS vkSj muesa ls vfèkdka'k dks turk dk fo'okl çkIr ugha gSA Hkkjr dh vkt+knh ds iSjksdkjksa ds ikl dksbZ dk;ZØe ugha gS] vkSj muesa mRlkg dk vHkko gSA pkjksa rji+Q vjktdrk gSA ysfdu fdlh jk\"Vª ds fuekZ.k dh çfØ;k esa vjktdrk ,d vfuok;Z rFkk vko';d nkjS gAS ,slh gh ukT+kqd ?kfM+;ksa esa dk;ZdrkZvksa dh bZekunkjh dh ij[k gksrh gS] muds pfj=k dk fuekZ.k gksrk gS] okLrfod dk;ZØe curk gS] vkSj rc u;s mRlkg] u;h vk'kkvksa] u;s fo'okl vkjS u;s tk's kk&s [kjk's k ds lkFk dke vkjEHk gkrs k gAS blfy, bleas eu vkNs k djus dh dksbZ ckr ugha gSA ge viusvki dks ,d u;s ;qx ds }kj ij [kM+k ikdj cM+s HkkX;'kkyh gSaA vaxzst+ ukSdj'kkgh ds cM+s iSekus ij xq.kxku djus okys xhr vc lquk;h ugha nsrsA vaxzst+ dk gels ;g ,sfrgkfld ç'u gS fd ¶rqe ryokj ls ç'kkflr gksxs ;k o+Qye ls\\¸ vc ,slk ugha jgk fd mldk mÙkj u fn;k tkrk gksA ykWMZ cdsZugsM ds 'kCnksa esa] ¶geus Hkkjr dks ryokj ds lgkjs thrk vkSj ryokj ds cy ls gh ge mls vius gkFk esa j[ksaxsA¸ bl [kjsiu us vc lcdqN lki+Q dj fn;k gSA tfy;k¡okyk vkSj ekukokyk ds vR;kpkjksa dks ;kn djus ds ckn ;g m¼`r djuk fd ¶vPNh ljdkj Lo'kklu dk LFkku ugha ys ldrh¸] csgwnxh gh dgh ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 299

tk;sxhA ;g ckr rks Lor% Li\"V gSA Hkkjr esa vaxzst+h gqdwer dh nh gqbZ lq[k&lEinkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lqu yhft;sA Hkkjr ds m|ksx&èkUèkksa ds iru vkSj fouk'k ds ckjs esa crkSj xokgh D;k jes'kpUæ nÙk] fofy;e fMxch vkSj nknk HkkbZ ukSjksth ds lkjs xzUFkksa dks m¼`r djus dh vko';drk gksxh\\ D;k bl ckr dks lkfcr djus ds fy, dksbZ çek.k tqVkuk iM+sxk fd viuh mitkÅ Hkwfe rFkk [k+kuksa ds ckotwn vkt Hkkjr lcls x+jhc ns'kksa esa ls ,d gS] fd Hkkjr tks viuh egku lH;rk ij xoZ dj ldrk Fkk vkt cgqr fiNM+k gqvk ns'k gS] tgk¡ lk{kjrk dk vuqikr dsoy ik¡p çfr'kr gS\\ D;k yksx ;g ugha tkurs fd Hkkjr esa lcls vfèkd yksx ejrs gSa vkSj ;gk¡ cPpksa dh ekSr dk vuqikr nqfu;k esa lcls Å¡pk gS\\ Iysx] gStk] buÝ+yq,at+k rFkk blh çdkj dh vU; egkekfj;k¡ vk;s fnu dh O;kfèk;k¡ curh tk jgh gSa\\ D;k ckj&ckj ;g lquuk fd ge Lo'kklu ds ;ksX; ugha gSa] ,d viekutud ckr ugha gS\\ D;k ;g rkSghu dh ckr ugha gS fd xq# xksfoUn ¯lg] f'kokth vkSj gjh ¯lg tSls 'kwjohjksa ds ckn Hkh gels dgk tk;s fd geesa viuh j{kk djus dh {kerk ugha gS\\ [ksn gS fd geus vius okf.kT; vkSj O;olk; dks mldh 'kS'kokoLFkk esa gh dqpyk tkrs ugha ns[kkA tc ckck xq#nÙk ¯lg us 1914 esa xq# ukud LVhef'ki pkyw djus dk igyk ç;kl fd;k Fkk rks nwj ns'k dukMk esa vkSj Hkkjr vkrs le; muds lkFk vekuoh; O;ogkj fd;k x;k vkjS vUr eas ct&ct ds cUnjxkg ij mu lkglh eqlkfi+Qjksa dk xksfy;ksa ls [+kwuh Lokxr fd;k x;kA vkSj Hkh D;k dqN ugha fd;k x;k\\ D;k geus ;g lc ugha ns[kk\\ ml Hkkjr esa tgk¡ ,d ækiS nh ds lEeku dh j{kk esa egkHkkjr tlS k egk;¼q yMk+ x;k Fkk] ogk¡ 1919 esa ntZuksa ækSifn;ksa dks csbT+t+r fd;k x;k] muds uaxs psgjksa ij Fkwdk x;kA D;k geus ;g lc ugha ns[kk\\ fiQj Hkh ge ekStwnk O;oLFkk ls lUrq\"V gSaA D;k ;g thus ;ksX; ft+Unxh gS\\ D;k gesa ;g eglwl djkus ds fy, fd ge X+kqyke gSa vkSj gesa vkt+kn gksuk pkfg,] fdlh nSoh Kku ;k vkdk'kok.kh dh vko';drk gS\\ D;k ge volj dh çrh{kk djsaxs ;k fdlh vKkr dh çrh{kk djsaxs fd gesa eglwl djk;s fd ge nfyr yksx gSa\\ D;k ge bUrt+kj esa cSBs jgsaxs fd dksbZ nSoh lgk;rk vk tk;s ;k fiQj dkbs Z tknw gks tk;s fd ge vktk+ n gks tk;\\as D;k ge vktk+ nh ds cfq u;knh fl¼kUrksa ls vufHkK gSa\\ ¶ftUgsa vkt+kn gksuk gS mUgsa Lo;a pksV djuh iM+sxhA¸ ukStokuks tkxks] mBks] ge dki+Qh nsj lks pqds! geus dsoy ukStokuksa ls gh vihy dh gS D;ksafd ukStoku cgknqj gksrs gSa] mnkj ,oa Hkkodq gkrs s g]aS D;kfas d uktS oku Hkh\"k.k vekuoh; ;U=k.kkvkas dks eLq djq krs 300 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gq, cjnk'r dj ysrs gSa vkSj cx+Sj fdlh çdkj dh fgpfdpkgV ds ekSr dk lkeuk djrs gSa] D;ksafd ekuo&çxfr dk lEiw.kZ bfrgkl ukStoku vknfe;ksa rFkk vkSjrksa ds [+kwu ls fy[kk gS_ D;ksafd lqèkkj ges'kk ukStokuksa dh 'kfDr] lkgl] vkRecfynku vkSj HkkokRed fo'okl ds cy ij gh çkIr gq, gSa μ ,sls ukStoku tks Hk; ls ifjfpr ugha gSa vkSj tks lkspus ds ctk; fny ls eglwl dgha vfèkd djrs gSaA D;k ;s tkiku ds ukStoku ugha Fks ftUgksaus iksVZ vkFkZj rd igq¡pus ds fy, lw[kk jkLrk cukus ds mí's ; ls viuvs ki dks ldS Mk+ as dh rknkn eas [kkb;ksa eas >ksad fn;k Fkk\\ vkSj tkiku vkt fo'o ds lcls vkxs c<+s gq, ns'kksa esa ls ,d gSA D;k ;g iksyS.M ds ukStoku ugha Fks ftUgksaus fiNyh iwjh 'krkCnhHkj ckj&ckj la?k\"kZ fd;]s ijkftr g,q vkjS fiQj cgknjq h ds lkFk yM\\s+ vkjS vkt ,d vktk+ n ikys .S M gekjs lkeus gSA bVyh dks vkfLVª;k ds tqos ls fdlus vkt+kn fd;k Fkk\\ r#.k bVyh us! ;oq k rdq k±Zs us tks deky fn[kyk;k] D;k vki mls tkurs g\\aS phu ds uktS oku tks dj jgs gSa] mls D;k vki jkst+ lekpkji=kksa esa ugha i<+rs gSa\\ D;k ;g :l ds uktS oku ugha Fks ftUgkuas s :fl;kas ds m¼kj ds fy, viuh tkuas oQ+ cq kuZ dj nh Fkh\\a fiNyh 'krkCnhHkj yxkrkj dsoy lektoknh ijps ck¡Vus ds vijkèk esa lSdM+ksa&gt+kjksa dh la[;k esa mUgsa lkbcsfj;k esa tykoru fd;k x;k Fkk] nksLrks;sOLdh tSls yksxksa dks fli+QZ blfy, tsyksa esa cUn fd;k x;k fd os lektoknh fMcs¯Vx (cgl&eqckglk pykus okyh) lkslkbVh ds lnL; FksA ckj&ckj mUgksaus neu ds rwi+Qku dk lkeuk fd;k] ysfdu mUgksaus lkgl ugha [kk;s kA ;s l?a k\"kjZ r uktS oku FkAs vkjS lc txg uktS oku gh fuMj gkds j cxjS+ fdlh fgpfdpkgV ds vkSj cx+Sj (yEch&pkSM+h) mEehnsa ck¡èks yM+ ldrs gSaA vkSj vkt ge egku :l esa fo'o ds eqfDrnkrk ds n'kZu dj ldrs gSaA tcfd ge Hkkjroklh] ge D;k dj jgs gSa\\ ihiy dh ,d Mky VwVrs gh fgUnqvksa dh èkk£ed Hkkouk,¡ pksfVy gks mBrh gSa! cqrksa dks rksM+us okys eqlyekuksa ds rkft;s uked dkxt+ + ds crq dk dkus k iQVrs gh vYykg dk çdkis tkx mBrk gS vkSj fiQj og ^ukikd* fgUnqvksa ds [+kwu ls de fdlh oLrq ls lUrq\"V ugha gksrk! euq\"; dks i'kqvksa ls vfèkd egÙo fn;k tkuk pkfg,] ysfdu ;gk¡ Hkkjr esa yksx ifo=k i'kq ds uke ij ,d&nwljs dk flj iQksM+rs gSaA gekjs chp vkSj Hkh cgqr ls yksx gSa tks vius vkylhiu dks vUrjjk\"Vªh;rkokn dh fujFkZd cdokl ds ihNs fNikrs gSaA tc muls vius ns'k dh lsok djus dks dgk tkrk gS rks os dgrs gSa] ¶Jhekuth] ge yksx txr&cUèkq gSa vkSj lkoZHkkSfed HkkbZpkjs esa fo'okl djrs gSaA gesa vaxzst+ksa ls ugha >xM+uk ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 301

pkfg,A os gekjs HkkbZ gAaS ¸ D;k [k+ cw fopkj g]S D;k [k+ cw ljw r 'kCnkoyh g!S yfs du os blds my>ko dks ugha idM+ ikrsA lkoZHkkSfed HkkbZpkjs ds fl¼kUr dh ek¡x gS fd euq\"; }kjk euq\"; dk vkSj jk\"Vª }kjk jk\"Vª dk 'kks\"k.k vlEHko cuk fn;k tk;s] lcdks cx+Sj fdlh HksnHkko ds leku volj çnku fd;s tk;saA Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu bu lc ckrksa dk Bhd mYVk gS vkSj ge mlls fdlh çdkj dk ljksdkj ugh j[ksaxsA vc nks 'kCn lektlsok ds ckjs esaA cgqr ls usd euq\"; lksprs gSa fd lektlsok (mu ladqfpr vFkks± esa ftuesa gekjs ns'k esa bl 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj le>k tkrk gS) gekjh lHkh chekfj;ksa dk bykt gS vkSj ns'klsok dk lcls vPNk rjho+Qk gAS bl çdkj ge ns[krs gaS fd cgqr ls beZ kunkj uktS oku lkjh ft+Unxh x+jhcksa esa vukt ck¡Vdj ;k chekjksa dh lsok djds gh lUrq\"V gks tkrs gSaA ;s vPNs vkSj vkReR;kxh yksx gSa ysfdu os ;g le> ikus esa vleFkZ gSa fd Hkkjr esa Hkw[k vkSj chekjh dh leL;k dks [kSjkr ds ekè;e ls gy ugha fd;k tk ldrkA èkk£ed vUèkfo'okl vkSj dV~Vjiu gekjh çxfr esa cgqr cM+s ckèkd gSaA os gekjs jkLrs ds jksM+s lkfcr gq, gSa vkSj gesa muls gj gkyr esa NqVdkjk ik yus k pkfg,A ¶tks pht+ vktk+ n fopkjkas dks cjnk'r ugha dj ldrh mls lekIr gks tkuk pkfg,A¸ blh çdkj dh vkSj Hkh cgqr&lh det+ksfj;k¡ gSa ftu ij gesa fot; ikuh gSA fgUnqvksa dk nfd;kuwlhiu vkSj dV~Vjiu] eqlyekuksa dh èkekZUèkrk rFkk nwljs ns'kksa ds çfr yxko vkSj vkerkSj ij lHkh lEçnk;ksa ds yksxksa dk ladqfpr n`f\"Vdks.k vkfn ckrksa dk fons'kh 'k=kq ges'kk ykHk mBkrk gSA bl dke ds fy, lHkh leqnk;ksa ds ØkfUrdkjh mRlkg okys ukStokuksa dh vko';drk gAS geus dqN Hkh gkfly ugha fd;k vkSj ge fdlh Hkh miyfCèk ds fy, dqN Hkh R;kx djus dks rS;kj ugha gSaA lEHkkfor miyfCèk esa fdl lEçnk; dk D;k fgLlk gksxk] ;g r; djus esa gekjs usrk vkil esa >xM+ jgs gSaA egt viuh cqtfnyh dks vkSj vkReR;kx dh Hkkouk ds vHkko dks fNikus ds fy, os vlyh leL;k ij inkZ Mkydj uo+Qyh leL;k,¡ [kM+h dj jgs gSaA ;s vkjkeryc jktuhfrK gfM~M;ksa ds mu eqV~BhHkj VqdM+ksa ij vk¡[ksa xM+k;s cSBs gSa ftUgsa] tSlk mudk fo'okl gS] l'kDr 'kkldx.k muds lkeus iQsad ldrs gSaA ;g cgqr gh viekutud ckr gSA tks yksx vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ esa c<+dj vkrs gSa os cSBdj ;g r; ugha dj ldrs fd brus R;kx ds ckn mudh o+Qke;kch gksxh vkSj mlesa mUgsa bruk fgLlk lqfuf'pr jguk pkfg,A bl çdkj ds yksx dHkh Hkh fdlh çdkj dk R;kx ugha djrsA gesa ,sls yksxksa dh vko';drk gS 302 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

tks cx+Sj mEehnksa ds] fuHkZ; gksdj vkSj cx+Sj fdlh çdkj dh fgpfdpkgV ds yM+us dks rS;kj gksa vkSj cx+Sj lEeku ds] cx+Sj vk¡lw cgkus okyksa ds vkSj cx+Sj ç'kfLrxku ds e`R;q dk vk¯yxu djus dks rS;kj gksaA bl çdkj ds mRlkg ds vHkko esa ge nks ekspks± okys ml egku ;q¼ dks ugha yM+ ldsaxs] ftls gesa yM+uk gS μ ;g ;q¼ nks ekspks± okyk gS] D;ksafd gesa ,d rji+Q vUn:uh 'k=kq ls yM+uk gS vkSj nwljh rji+Q ckgjh nq'eu lsA gekjh vlyh yM+kbZ Lo;a viuh v;ksX;rkvksa ds f[+kyki+Q gSA gekjk 'k=kq vkSj dqN gekjs vius yksx futh LokFkZ ds fy, mudk i+Qk;nk mBkrs gSaA iatkc ds ukStokuks] nwljs çkUrksa ds ;qod vius {ks=kksa esa th&rksM+ ifjJe dj jgs gSaA caxky ds ukStokuksa us 3 i+Qjojh dks ftl tkx`fr rFkk laxBu&{kerk dk ifjp; fn;k mlls gesa lcd ysuk pkfg,A viuh reke o+QqckZfu;ksa ds ckotwn gekjs ita kc dks jktuhfrd rkjS ij fiNMk+ gvq k çkUr dgk tkrk gAS D;k\\as D;kfas d yM+kdw o+QkSe gksus ds ckotwn ge laxfBr ,oa vuq'kkflr ugha gSaA gesa r{kf'kyk fo'ofo|ky; ij xoZ gS] ysfdu vkt gekjs ikl laLÑfr dk vHkko gS vkSj laLÑfr ds fy, mPpdksfV dk lkfgR; pkfg,] ftldh lajpuk lqfodflr Hkk\"kk ds vHkko esa ugha gks ldrhA nq[k dh ckr gS fd vkt gekjs ikl muesa ls dqN Hkh ugha gSA ns'k ds lkeus mifLFkr mijksDr ç'uksa dk lekèkku ryk'k djus ds lkFk&lkFk gesa viuh turk dks vkus okys egku la?k\"kZ ds fy, Hkh rS;kj djuk iM+sxkA gekjh jktuhfrd yM+kbZ 1857 ds LorU=krk laxzke ds Bhd ckn ls gh vkjEHk gks x;h FkhA og dbZ nkSjksa ls gksdj xqt+j pqdh gSA chloha 'krkCnh ds vkjEHk ls vaxszt+ ukSdj'kkgh us Hkkjr ds çfr ,d u;h uhfr viuk;h gSA os gekjs n's k ds it¡w hifr rFkk fuEuit¡w hifr oxZ dks lgfw y;ras nds j mUgas viuh rjiQ+ feyk jgs gSaA nksuksa dk fgr ,d gks jgk gSA Hkkjr esa fczfV'k iw¡th ds vfèkdkfèkd ços'k dk vfuok;Zr% ;gh ifj.kke gksxkA fudV Hkfo\"; esa cgqr 'kh?kz ge ml oxZ dks rFkk mlds usrkvksa dks fons'kh 'kkldksa ds lkFk tkrs ns[ksaxsA fdlh xksyest dkWUç+Qsal ;k blh çdkj dh vkSj fdlh laLFkk }kjk nksuksa ds chp le>kSrk gks tk;sxkA rc muesa 'ksj vkSj ykseM+h ds cPps dk fj'rk ugha jg tk;sxkA leLr Hkkjrh; turk ds vkus okys egku la?k\"kZ ds Hk; ls vkt+knh ds bu rFkkdfFkr iSjksdkjksa dh o+Qrkjksa dh nwjh cx+Sj fdlh le>kSrs ds Hkh de gks tk;sxhA ns'k dks rS;kj djus ds Hkkoh dk;ZØe dk 'kqHkkjEHk bl vkn'kZ okD; ls gksxk μ ¶ØkfUr turk }kjk] turk ds fgr esaA¸ nwljs 'kCnksa esa] 98 çfr'kr ds fy, LojkT;A LojkT;] turk }kjk çkIr gh ugha] cfYd turk ds fy, HkhA ;g ,d cgqr dfBu dke gSA ;|fi gekjs usrkvksa us cgqr ls lq>ko fn;s gSa ysfdu ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 303

turk dks txkus ds fy, dksbZ ;kstuk is'k djds ml ij vey djus dk fdlh us Hkh lkgl ugha fd;kA foLrkj esa x;s cx+Sj ge ;g nkos ls dg ldrs gSa fd vius mís'; dh iw£r ds fy, :lh uo;qodksa dh Hkk¡fr gekjs gt+kjksa esèkkoh uktS okuksa dks viuk cgqewY; thou xk¡oksa esa fcrkuk iM+sxk vkjS yksxksa dks le>kuk iM+sxk fd Hkkjrh; ØkfUr okLro esa D;k gksxhA mUgsa le>kuk iM+sxk fd vkus okyh ØkfUr dk eryc dsoy ekfydksa dh rCnhyh ugha gksxkA mldk vFkZ gkxs k u;h O;oLFkk dk tUe μ ,d u;h jktlÙkkA ;g ,d fnu ;k ,d o\"kZ dk dke ugha gSA dbZ n'kdksa dk vf}rh; vkRecfynku gh turk dks ml egku dk;Z ds fy, rRij dj ldsxk vkSj bl dk;Z dks dsoy ØkfUrdkjh ;qod gh iwjk dj ldsaxsA ØkfUrdkjh ls ykeqgkyk ,d ce vkSj fiLrkSy okys vkneh ls vfHkçk; ugha gSA ;qodksa ds lkeus tks dke gS] og dki+Qh dfBu gS vkSj muds lkèku cgqr FkksM+s gSaA muds ekxZ esa cgqr&lh ckèkk,¡ Hkh vk ldrh gSaA ysfdu FkksM+s fdUrq fu\"Bkoku O;fDr;ksa dh yxu mu ij fot; ik ldrh gSA ;qodksa dks vkxs tkuk pkfg,A muds lkeus tks dfBu ,oa ckèkkvksa ls Hkjk gqvk ekxZ gS] vkSj mUgsa tks egku dk;Z lEiUu djuk gS] mls le>uk gksxkA mUgsa vius fny esa ;g ckr j[k ysuh pkfg, fd ¶liQyrk ek=k ,d la;ksx gS] tcfd cfynku ,d fu;e gSA¸ muds thou vuojr vliQyrkvkas ds thou gks ldrs gaS μ x#q xkfs oUn ¯lg dks vkthou ftu ukjdh; ifjfLFkfr;kas dk lkeuk djuk iMk+ Fkk] gks ldrk gS mlls Hkh vfèkd ukjdh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+sA fiQj Hkh mUgsa ;g dgdj fd vjs] ;g lc rks Hkze Fkk] i'pkrki ugha djuk gksxkA ukStoku nksLrks] bruh cM+h yM+kbZ esa viusvki dks vdsyk ikdj grk'k er gksukA viuh 'kfDr dks igpkuksA vius Åij Hkjkslk djksA liQyrk vkidh gSA èkughu] fuLlgk; ,oa lkèkughu voLFkk esa HkkX; vkt+ekus ds fy, vius iq=k dks ?kj ls ckgj Hkstrs le; tsEl xSjhckYMh dh egku tuuh us mlls tks 'kCn dgs Fks (mUgsa) ;kn j[kksA mlus dgk] ¶nl esa ls ukS ckj ,d ukStoku ds lkFk tks lcls vPNh ?kVuk gks ldrh gS og ;g gS fd mls tgkt+ dh Nr ij ls leæq eas iQdas fn;k tk;s rkfd og rjS dj ;k Mcw dj Lo;a viuk jkLrk r; djAs ¸ ç.kke gS ml ek¡ dks ftlus ;s 'kCn dgs vkjS ç.kke gS mu ykxs kas dks tks bu 'kCnkas ij vey djsaxsA brkyoh iqu#RFkku ds çfl¼ fo}ku eSftuh us ,d ckj dgk Fkk] ¶lHkh egku jk\"Vªh; vkUnksyuksa dk 'kqHkkjEHk turk ds vfo[;kr ;k vutkus] x+Sj&çHkko'kkyh O;fDr;ksa ls gksrk gS] ftuds ikl le; vkSj ckèkkvksa dh ijokg u djus okyk fo'okl rFkk bPNk&'kfDr ds vykok vkjS dqN ugha gksrkA¸ thou 304 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh ukSdk dks yaxj mBkus nksA mls lkxj dh ygjksa ij rSjus nks vkSj fiQj μ yaxj Bgjs gq, fNNys ikuh esa iM+rk gSA foLr`r vkSj vk'p;Ztud lkxj ij fo'okl djks tgk¡ Tokj gj le; rkt+k jgrk gS vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh èkkjk,¡ LorU=k gksrh gSa μ ogk¡ vuk;kl] ,s ukStoku dksyEcl lR; dk rqEgkjk u;k fo'o gks ldrk gSA er fgpdk]s vorkj ds fl¼kUr dks yds j viuk fnekx+ ij's kku er djks vkSj mls rqEgas grksRlkfgr er djus nksA gj O;fDr egku gks ldrk gS] c'krsZ fd og ç;kl djsA vius 'kghnksa dks er HkwyksA djrkj ¯lg ,d ukStoku Fkk] fiQj Hkh chl o\"kZ ls de dh vk;q esa gh ns'k dh lsok ds fy, vkxs c<+dj eqLdqjkrs gq, oUnsekrje~ ds ukjs ds lkFk og iQk¡lh ds r[+rs ij p<+ x;kA HkkbZ ckyeqdqUn vkSj voèkfcgkjh nksuksa us gh tc è;s; ds fy, thou fn;k rks os ukStoku FksA os rqeesa ls gh FksA rqEgsa Hkh oSlk gh bZekunkj ns'kHkDr vkSj oSlk gh fny ls vkt+knh dks I;kj djus okyk cuus dk ç;kl djuk pkfg,] tSlsfd os yksx FksA lcz vkSj gks'kks&gokl er [kksvks] lkgl vkjS vk'kk er NkMs k+ As fLFkjrk vkjS n`<r+ k dks LoHkko ds :i eas viukvkAs ukStokuksa dks pkfg, fd os LorU=krkiwoZd] xEHkhjrk ls] 'kkfUr vkSj lcz ds lkFk lkspsaA mUgsa pkfg, fd os Hkkjrh; LorU=krk ds vkn'kZ dks vius thou ds ,dek=k y{; ds :i esa viuk;saA mUgsa vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksuk pkfg,A mUgsa viusvki dks ckgjh çHkkoksa ls nwj jgdj laxfBr djuk pkfg,A mUgsa pkfg, fd eDdkj rFkk csbZeku yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa u [ksysa] ftuds lkFk mudh dksbZ lekurk ugha gS vkSj tks gj ukT+kqd ekSo+Qs ij vkn'kZ dk ifjR;kx dj nsrs gSaA mUgsa pkfg, fd lathnxh vkSj bZekunkjh ds lkFk ¶lsok] R;kx] cfynku¸ dks vuqdj.kh; okD; ds :i esa viuk ekxZn'kZd cuk;saA ;kn jf[k;s fd ¶jk\"VªfuekZ.k ds fy, gt+kjksa vKkr L=kh&iq#\"kksa ds cfynku dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks vius vkjke o fgrksa ds eqo+Qkcys] rFkk vius ,oa vius fç;tuksa ds çk.kksa ds eqo+Qkcys ns'k dh vfèkd fpUrk djrs gSaA¸ 6&4&1928 oUnes krje! (Hkxorhpj.k oksgjk ch-,-] çpkjeU=kh] ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk }kjk vjksM+ oa'k çsl] ykgkSj ls eqfær ,oa çdkf'krA) ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 305

ykyk yktir jk; ds uke [kqyk [k+r ykyk yktir jk; dks ns'k ds cqT+kqxZ usrk ekurs gq, Hkh ØkfUrdkjh muds fopkjksa ls vlger FksA ykyk th vkSj Hkxr¯lg o muds lkfFk;ksa ds chp cgl esa tks rdZ çLrqr fd;s x;s] mldk ifjp; nsus ds fy, ^fdjrh* if=kdk ls dqN ys[k ;gk¡ fn;s tk jgs gSaA uoEcj] 1927 esa ykyk th ds uke ,d [kqyk i=k Nkik x;kA tuojh] 1928 esa ^ykyk yktir jk; vkSj dqekjh ,fXul LesMyh* 'kh\"kZd ls nwljk ys[k NikA ,fXul LesMyh ;wjksi dh çfl¼ ysf[kdk Fkha] ftudh Hkkjr o phu ds LorU=krk&vkUnksyu esa xgjh fnypLih FkhA ykyk th us vius v[k+ckj esa fel LesMyh dh iqLrd ls dqN va'k Nkidj mudk Niuk cUn dj fn;kA mlh lUnHkZ esa ;g ys[k gSA rhljk ys[k vxLr] 1928 esa ^ykyk yktir jk; vkSj ukStoku vkUnksyu* 'kh\"kZd ls NikA μ l- ^fdjrh* dh lEikndh; fVIi.kh (ftu lTtuksa dks ykyk yktir jk; ls jktuhfrd thou esa vPNh rjg okLrk iMk+ g]S os ykyk th dh urs kfxjh dh dkjs h bPNk vkjS n's k ds fy, flok; Vj&Z VjZ djus rFkk vkSj dqN u djus dks vPNh rjg tkurs gSaA fons'kksa esa cls Hkkb;ksa] fo'ks\"kr% vesfjdk o dukMk fuoklh fl[kksa dk fo'okl 1914 esa gh ykyk th ls mB x;k Fkk] tc vki dukMk&vesfjdk x;s Fks vkSj vkidks mu fgUnqLrkuh Hkkb;ksa us vius xk<+s ilhus dh dekbZ dk dki+Qh #i;k fgUnqLrku esa vkt+knh ds y{; ds fy, fn;k Fkk vkSj mu Hkkb;ksa ds vuqlkj ykyk th us og #i;k viuh et+hZ ls [+kpZ fd;k Fkk vkSj cgqr&lk #i;k Lo;a gh gM+i x;s FksA ykyk th dh vktdy dh euejth vkSj Vs<+h pkyksa ls fgUnqLrku ds yksxksa o jktuhfrd {ks=kksa esa mudk fo'okl mB x;k gSA gekjs ikl 22 lTtuksa dh vksj ls Nik ^ykyk th ds uke [k+r* çdkf'kr gksus ds fy, vk;k gS] ftldk vuqokn çLrqr gSA μ lEiknd] ^fdjrh*) ykgkSj] 18 flrEcj] 1927 306 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fç; ykyk yktir jk; th] vlsEcyh pquko ds fnuksa tc tulHkk,¡ dh tkrh Fkha] rc vkius ,d ckj nl gt+kj fgUnqvksa dh lHkk ds le{k vius ckjs esa flikgh gksus dh ?kks\"k.kk dh FkhA blds mÙkj esa fd vki ,d ej pqds usrk gSa] vkius dgk Fkk fd cs'kd fgUnqvksa ds gkFkksa ls ,d usrk fudy jgk gS] ysfdu usrk dh txg mUgsa ,d flikgh fey x;k gSA vkidh ?kks\"k.kk lqudj gesa Hkh cgqr çlUurk gqbZ] D;ksafd ge Hkh ,sls usrkvksa ls tksfd jktuhfrd leL;kvksa ds lEcUèk esa rks cgqr yEch&pkSM+h ckrsa fd;k djrs Fks] rax vk;s gq, FksA fiNys Hkys fnuksa esa vki rdZ'khy Hkk\"k.kksa esa ;g dgrs ugha Fkdrs Fks fd ¶eSa ;k r[+r yw¡xk ;k r[+rkA¸ ykgkSj ds 16 ;qodksa us tks ?kks\"k.kk ^iatkc ds ukStokuksa ls vihy* 'kh\"kZd ds vUrxZr dh Fkh] mlds mÙkj esa vkius mu ij vkjksi yxk;k Fkk fd mUgksaus vki ij ,d èkCck yxkdj vkidks bl jktuhfrd {ks=k ls fudkyus dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ;g vkjkis n[s kus ls gh dMo+ k yxrk FkkA ge vkidks fiQj enS ku&,&txa eas ykuk pkgrs gaS vkjS vki eas ;g 'krjta h pkyas [kys us dh tks pkg inS k gks x;h gS mls [kR+ e djuk pkgrs gAaS vkius dgk Fkk fd ;s rks ckYs 'kfs od gaS blfy, viuk urs k yfs uu dks ekurs gAaS ckYs 'kfs od gkus k dkbs Z xuq kg ugha gS vkjS vkt fgUnLq rku dks yfs uu dh lcls T;+ knk t:+ jr gAS D;k vkius mu uktS okukas dks lh-vkb-Z Mh- dh ^egs jcku* utj+ kas eas ykus dk dehuk ç;Ru ugha fd;k\\ vkidh bl cjq h bPNk dks iQy yx x;k g]S blfy, vki Lo;a dks bl liQyrk dh cèkkbZ ns ldrs gAaS vkius yxa s e.Mh eas bu uktS okukas ij ek=k blfy, dhpM+ mNkyk D;kfas d mUgkuas s turk dks okLrfod fLFkfr;kas ls ifjfpr djkus dk lkgl fn[kk;kA vkidh puq ko lEcUèkh yMk+ bZ dk ;g vkjfEHkd fnu FkkA enuekgs u ekyoh; th dks bldk 'kHq kkjEHk djus ds fy, vkefU=kr fd;k x;k FkkA vkidks lfa {kIr&lk vè;{kh; Hkk\"k.k djuk Fkk] yfs du vki viuk l;a e [kks cBS As if.Mr ekyoh; dks yEck Hkk\"k.k djus dk le; gh u feyk] ftldh fd og r;S kjh djds vk;s FkAs vkius nks ?k.V]s cfYd blls Hkh vfèkd ^ita kc ds uktS okukas ls vihy* dj dMd+ rh vkokt+ eas (mudk) fojkès k fd;kA vkius bu uktS okukas dks fny [kkys dj dkls k vkjS vkjkis yxk;As vkius lkjs Hkk\"k.k eas gh rd'Z khyrk dks fcYdyq njfdukj dj fn;kA ge vki ij fuEufyf[kr vkjkis yxkrs gaS μ 1- jktuhfrd <qyeqyiuA 2- jk\"Vªh; f'k{kk ds lkFk fo'okl?kkrA 3- LojkT; ikVhZ ds lkFk fo'okl?kkrA ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 307

4- fgUnw&eqfLye&ruko dks c<+kukA 5- mnkjoknh cu tkukA bu vkjksiksa esa ls ,d dk Hkh vkius dksbZ rdZ&lEer [k.Mu ugha fd;kA tc pqukoksa dk tks'k 'kkUr gks x;k rc geus cgqr fpUrkiwoZd lquk fd vkids 'kjhj dks fiQj dksbZ jksx yx x;k gSA vi+Qlksl] vLoLFkrk gekjs usrkvksa dk ,d fgLlk cu x;h gSA os vLoLFkrk dh rHkh f'kdk;r djus yx tkrs gSa tc mUgsa ekywe gksrk gS fd dksbZ u dksbZ gels xk¡o dh çxfr vkSj tu&,drk ds ok;ns dks iwjk djus ds lEcUèk esa dqN u dqN dgsxkA ;s ok;ns ,sls gSa tks gt+kjksa ckj fd;s rks x;s] ij iwjs dHkh ugha mrjsA fpfdRlk foKku D;k ;gh dgrk gS fd cqjs LokLF; dk jksxh dsoy ;wjksi ds gh LokLF;&ykHk&dsUæ ij Bhd gksxk\\ jksx dh jksdFkke ds fy, tks jk; MkWDVj nsa mls ekuus ls dkSu bUdkj dj ldrk gS\\ fgUnqLrku ,d cnfo+QLer ns'k gS tks taxy vkSj nyny ls Hkjk gSA ;gk¡ dksbZ igkM+h LFkku ugha gS vkSj u gh dksbZ LokLF;&ykHk&dsUæ gSA bu usrkvksa dk d'ehj dsoy bVyh ds mÙkj esa gSA ^ejh*] elwjh vkSj uSuhrky Hkh ;wjksi esa gh feyrs gSaA vki tkurs gSa fd vius ns'k dh lsok ds fy, thuk cgqr t+:jh gSA blfy, thou cgqewY; gSA ;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd flikgh ds fy, dksbZ vkjke ughaA og ejus ds fy, thrk gS] rkfd og nq[k >syrs] ns'k dh lsok esa jgrs gq, gh ejsA vkSj nq[kh ns'k ds fy, ejus ds okLrs dej dldj ;q¼ esa ejs] mldh] cM+h bPNk gksrh gSA ysfdu ;wjksi tkus ls igys vki tc fgUnqLrku dh gh gok[k+ksjh dj jgs Fks vkSj fgUnqLrku dh gh t+ehu ij py jgs Fks] rc vkids vkSj vkids lkfFk;ksa }kjk cks;s dk¡Vs mx iM+sA vkius ^fgUnqvks] ekjks!* dk çpkj fd;k Fkk vkSj fgUnw gh ekjs x;s! vki tSls gh vU; lTtuksa us ^eqlyekuks] ekjks!* dk çpkj fd;k FkkA tc eqlyekuksa ds ekjs tkus dk le; vk;k rks muds usrkvksa us ;g det+ksjh n'kkZ;h vkSj og flikgh okyk dke u dj ldsA bl rjg mUgsa Hkh dki+Qh ekj iM+hA yfs du gekjk flikgh ml le; ctq f+ nyh n'kkuZ s eas cgknjq fudykA tc fgUnw ekjs tkus yxs rks vkius çFke Js.kh ds xíksa ij cSBdj ;wjksi pys tkuk gh Js;Ldj le>kA vkius ykgkSj ds fgUnqvksa dh bl ladV esa enn djus ls vleFkZrk çdV dhA puq ko ds fnukas eas vki vkerkjS ij fgUnvq kas dh elq yekukas ds gkFkkas j{kk djus dh Mhaxsa gk¡dk djrs FksA ysfdu vi+Qlksl gS fd ;g lcdqN vkidk pqukoh liQyrk rd gh lhfer FkkA blds lk{; esa ge dsoy ;g dguk gh i;kZIr le>rs gSa fd vkius ;wjksi ls okil ykSVdj Hkh ykgkSj ds x+jhc vkSj nq[kh fgUnqvksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, 308 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ykgkSj igq¡pus rd dk Hkh d\"V ugha mBk;kA gesa ekywe ugha fd vkius lhek ls ikxy iBkuksa ds fudkys gq, fgUnqvksa dh j{kk ds fy, dkSu&ls rjho+Qs bLrseky fd;s\\ blds foijhr vki lhèks gh f'keyk vlsEcyh esa Hkkx ysus vkSj vius lkfFk;ksa ij Hkk\"k.k dk vlj n'kkZus ds fy, pys x;sA ladV ds le; vyx&Fkyx jguk vkidh cgknqjh dk cM+k fgLlk gSA vusd ;qofr;ksa ds flj ls ifr dk lk;k mB x;k vkSj mudh lkjh mez nq[kksa Hkjh vkSj ,dkUre; jg x;hA dbZ dq¡vkjh dU;k,¡ viuk lrhRo Hkax gksus ds dkj.k vius Hkhrj gh Hkhrj vk¡lqvksa ls jks jgh gSaA dbZ eklweksa dk o+QRy fd;k x;kA rhl yk[k ft+Unfx;k¡ Hk;kog ujd esa ls xqt+j jgh gSaA xouZj] iatkc rks viuh igkMh+ vkjkexkg NkMs d+ j bu ykxs kas ds ck;s s g,q dkV¡ s dkVus ds fy, ykgkjS vk tkrk gS] ysfdu gekjk flikgh ykyk yktir jk; bruk chekj gS fd og viuh M~;wVh ij ugha igq¡p ldrk vkSj dg nsrk gS fd ykgkSj esa xehZ cgqr gS rFkk jsyos dh lhVsa igys gh cqd gks pqdh gSaA jksus nks bu foèkok gks pqdh fL=k;ksa dks] ;rhe gks pqds cPpksa dks] gesa buls D;k ysuk! eqlhcrsa vtc&vtc yksxksa dks ,dtqV dj nsrh gSaA turk ds lkeus ftuds ckjs esa ge ;g vkjksi yxkrs Fks fd ;s yksx vke turk ds fo'okl ;ksX; ugha gSa] rks D;k vc mUgha ds njokt+s ij ek¡xus esa gesa lqdwu feyrk gS\\ gksf'k;kj jgks fd vkneh vius lkfFk;ksa ls gh igpkuk tkrk gSA ;g dksbZ foLe;dkjh ckr ugha gS fd vki ,d mnkjoknh fxus tkus yxs gSa tcfd vki th&gtwfj;ksa vkSj fiNyXxqvksa ds lkFk ck¡g esa ck¡g Mkys lkFk py jgs gSaA (gLrk{kjdrk)Z 1- dsnkjukFk lgxy % lnL;] vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl desVh] vè;{k iatkc jktuhfrd ihfM+r dkWUç+QsalA 2- esykjke oi+Qk % lEiknd] oUnsekrje vkSj us'kuy dkWyst ds HkwriwoZ çkis Q+ ls jA 3- çse çdk'k nsoh'oj % egklfpo] iatkc lukru èkeZ jktuhfrd dkWUçQ+ las A 4- vCnqy ethn % lfpo] iatkc çsl deZpkjh ;wfu;uA 5- Hkxokupj.k o+QkSeh] ch-,- % lfpo] o+QkSeh xzstq,V ;wfu;uA 6- ujsUæukFk o+QkSeh] ch-,- % iwoZ lgk;d lEiknd] ^Hkh\"e*A 7- èkeZpUæ o+QkSeh] ch-,-A 8- xuirjk; o+QkSeh] ch-,-A 9- ckcw ¯lg o+QkSeh] ch-,-A ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 309

10- th-vkj- njos'kh % lEiknd] ^esgurd'k*A 11- deZpUn % lEiknd] ^ykgkSj*A 12- eksgEen ;qlwiQ o+QkSeh] ch-,- % lgk;d lEiknd ^vdkyh*A 13- lhrkjke ekLVj % jktuhfrd dk;ZdrkZ] iatkcA 14- gjn;ky % fgUnh lkfgR; HkouA 15- èkesZUæ o+QkSeh] ch-,-A 16- ljq Us æukFkA 17- ,u- dkyeÅYykA 18- fi.Mhnkl lks<h % iwoZ lEiknd] ^Hkh\"e*] ykgkSjA 19- èkesZUæ Bkdqj % iwoZ mins'kd] fgUnw lHkkA 20- MkW- bUæyky diwjA 21- yíkjke % iwoZ lEiknd] ^LojkT;*] bykgkcknA 22- osnjkt HkYyk o+QkSeh] ch-,-A 310 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ykyk yktir jk; vkSj ,fXul LesMyh ^fn ihiy* (The People) ,d vaxstz +h lkIrkfgd lekpkji=k gAS blds laLFkkid vkSj lEiknd iatkc dsljh ykyk yktir jk; gSaA ftl le; og i=k vkjEHk fd;k x;k Fkk rc mlesa igys i`\"B ij ykyk th dh vksj ls ;g ?kks\"k.kk dh x;h Fkh fd bl lekpkji=k esa gj çdkj ds fopkj fn;s tk;saxs rFkk gj fopkj dks] Hkys gh og fdlh Hkh rjg dk gks] lquk tk;k djsxk vkSj ml ij èkS;Z vkSj xEHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;k tk;sxkA dqy feykdj ;g fd ;g i=k ,d [kqyk fopkj&eap (vksiu i+Qksje) cuk;k x;k Fkk] tgk¡ çR;sd ckr ij cgl vkSj fopkj gksuk Fkk rkfd vaxzst+h i<+h&fy[kh turk okLrfod fLFkfr;ksa ls ifjfpr gks lds rFkk viuh lgh jk; o+Qk;e dj ldsA bu iafDr;ksa dk ys[kd bl i=k dks vkjEHk ls i<+rk jgk gSA ;g i=k vPNs lekpkji=kkas eas ,d gAS bleas vDVcw j] 1927 rd ?kkfs \"kr mí's ;kas dk i.w krZ ;k ikyu fd;k tkrk jgk gSA blesa fo}ku ys[kdksa ds vPNs&vPNs ys[k çdkf'kr gksrs jgs gSa] ysfdu 10 vDVwcj] 1927 ls blus vius eq[; mís'; ls eq¡g iQsj fy;k gS vkSj fel LesMyh ds ys[k çdkf'kr djus cUn dj fn;s gSaA fel ,fXul LesMyh ;wjksi dh ,d ç[;kr ysf[kdk gaSA os c£yu ds ,d fo'ofo|ky; esa vaxzst+h dh çkè;kfidk gSaA ykyk th O;fDrxr rkSj ij mUgsa tkurs gSaA ykyk th us muds lUnHkZ esa fy[kk Fkk μ ¶fiNys nl cjlksa ls eSa fel LesMyh dks tkurk gw¡A eSaus mudh bZekunkjh ij dHkh 'kd ugha fd;kA ;g ,slh L=kh ugha ftUgsa fd #i;s&iSls ls [k+jhnk tk ldsA os tUetkr ;qxkUrdkjh gAaS blfy, mudk LoHkko] #>ku ,oa vknras lHkh ,d ;xq kUrdkjh tlS h gAaS mudk thou lEeku ls thus eas chrk gAS bu ckrkas us ;xq &ifjoruZ dh vkjs mudk >dq ko c<+k fn;k gSA O;fDrxr rkSj ij muds fopkj iw.kZr;k ifo=k ,oa lqLi\"V gSaA og ,d ,slh L=kh gSa tks vius dk;Z ,oa fe=kksa ds fy, cM+s ls cM+k cfynku dj ldrh gSaA eSa O;fDrxr ifjp; ds vkèkkj ij dg ldrk gw¡ fd mUgsa lksuk&pk¡nh tSlh pht+sa fcYdqy Hkh ugha Hkjek ldrh gSaA¸ ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 311

fel LeMs yh ds y[s k ^n ihiy* eas çdkf'kr gkrs s jgrs gAaS ftlus muds y[s k i<s+ gaS og mudh y[s kdh; fo}rk ,oa Kku dh ç'kla k fd;s fcuk ugha jg ldrkA fel LesMyh cgqr vPNh ysf[kdk gSaA og ftl fo\"k; dks Nwrh gSa mls thoUr dj nsrh gSaA jk\"Vªh; jktuhfr] fgUnqLrku dk ;qxkUrdkjh bfrgkl rFkk fgUnqLrku ds tykoruksa ds ckjs esa ftruk og tkurh gSa mruk 'kk;n gh dksbZ fgUnqLrkuh tkurk gksA fgUnqLrku ds X+kqyke gksus dh otg ls ;k fdUgha nwljs dkj.kksa ls og blls cgrq yxko j[krh gaS rFkk ;gk¡ ds i=k&if=kdkvkas ds ekè;e ls vius fopkjkas ls voxr djkrh jgrh gSaA ysfdu ykyk yktir jk; dks fel LesMyh ds fopkj vPNs ugha yxrsA mudks fel LesMyh ds ys[kksa esa ls cksY'ksfod okyh cw vkrh gSA mudh dksey ukd bl cksY'ksfodh cw dks lgu u dj ldhA rHkh ykyk th iqjkus fo+QLlksa dh rjg ekul&xUèk] ekul&xUèk ph[k+ jgs gSa vkSj fel LesMyh ds ys[kksa ls rkSck&rkSck dj pqds gSaA bl cksY'ksfodh Hk; ds dkj.k gh os vius eq[; mís'; dks Hkh NksM+ pqds gSa vkSj vc vPNs cPpksa ds ^chcs jkus* ys[k çdkf'kr djus yxs gSaA ykyk yktir jk; et+nwjksa ds dV~Vj leFkZd gSaA VsªM ;wfu;u dkaxzsl ds vè;{k Hkh jg pqds gSaA vki tsusok dh vUrjjk\"Vªh; et+nwj dkaxzsl esa et+nwjksa ds çfrfufèk ds :i esa 'kkfey gq, FksA vki feLVj eSdkMkWYM ,.M dEiuh dks it¡w hifr rFkk rkuk'kkgh leFkdZ fy[krs FkAs yfs du vki dkuS g\\aS etn+ jw g\\aS ugh]a fcYdqy Hkh ughaA vki rks vlyh iw¡thifr gSa rFkk iw¡thifr;ksa ls fe=krk j[krs gSaA vki vius LokLF;&ykHk ds cgkus feLVj fcjyk ds lkFk tsusok x;s Fks rFkk ogk¡ mldh enn djrs jgs FksA vkius fy[kk gS fd ¶fel LesMyh us gesa dksbZ u;h ckr ugha crk;hA ge tkurs gSa] vkSj fiNys nks lkS cjlksa ls tkurs jgs gSa fd baXyS.M fodkl'khy ns'kksa eas fgUnLq rku dks viuh txa &txa h r;S kfj;kas ds fy, mi;kxs djrk jgk gAS ¸ yfs du ykyk th ls dksbZ iwNs fd tc vki vaxzst+ksa dh nks lkS cjlksa dh pkyckft+;ksa ls ifjfpr gSa fd og fgUnqLrku dks ;q¼&dk;Z ds fy, bLrseky djrs jgs gSa] rc vkius bl mi;ksx ds ckjs esa 'kksj D;ksa u epk;k\\ vkius fiNys ;q¼ esa gh ;s lykg D;ksa ugha nh fd fgUnqLrkfu;ks l'kDr gks tkvks] vc oD+r gS fd ;q¼ ds fy, bUgsa dksbZ enn u nks vkSj vkt+knh ds fy, la?k\"kZ djksA ysfdu ml le; vki ,slk D;ksa dgrs\\ ml le; rks vki vkuUneXu cBS s vesfjdk esa rek'kk ns[k jgs Fks vkSj teZuh ds fo#¼ dsoy fy[kdj vaxzst+ksa dks ;g Hkjkslk fnyk jgs Fks fd vki [kr+ jukd ugha gaS vkjS n's k&fudkys ds ckn vkids okil fgUnLq rku vkus esa dksbZ Mj ugha gSA 312 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ykyk th] vki loZKkrk gSaA vkids le{k vui<+ fl[k HkkbZ vesfjdk esa ls tRFks cuk&cukdj ;gk¡ vk;s vkSj mUgksaus turk dk vkàku fd;k fd turk tax esa dksbZ lgk;rk u djsA vc oD+r gS] yksgk xeZ gS] t+cjnLr pksV ekjdj vkt+kn gks tkvksA mudh fdlh us ugha lquhA ysfdu os 'kgknr ikdj viuk dÙkZO; iwjk dj x;sA ml le; vki lcdqN tkurs FksA vkids fy, rks dksbZ u;h ckr ugha gqbZA D;k vkids Hkhrj dk lp ej x;k Fkk\\ vkidks fgUnqLrku ykSVus dh pkg us rM+ik;k\\ njvly vki vaxzst+ksa dh ut+j esa Hkys cudj fgUnqLrku vkuk pkgrs Fks] blfy, vki 'kkUr jgs vkSj ekSu èkkj.k dj fy;kA vaxzst+ksa ds çfr oi+Qknkj cuus ds fy, vki teZu ds fo#¼ o+Qye mBkrs jgsA D;ksa ykyk th] Bhd gS uk\\ ykyk th] oSls rks lcdqN vki tkurs gh gSa] ysfdu psrkouh nsuh csgrj gksxhA lqfu,] vc fiQj ;q¼ fNM+us okyk gSA vc fiQj vaxzst+ fgUnqLrku dks vius LokFkZ ds fy, bLrseky djsaxsA ns'k dh turk dks lpsr djus ds fy, ?kks\"k.kk djok nk]s rkfd turk vxa tsz k+ as dh pkyckft;+ kas dk f'kdkj u cus vkjS vius lgkjs [kM+s gksus ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;sA D;k vki eSnku esa vk;saxs\\ ysfdu ykyk th rks viuh vUrjkRek dh vkokt+ ds vuqlkj dke djrs gSaA os fdlh ds dgus ij dksbZ dke ugha djrsA ysfdu t+ekuk cqjh pht+ gSA ;g fdlh rjg Hkh ugha thus nsrkA D;ksa] ;g vUrjkRek dk çdk'k fdlh Hkhrjh detk+ js h dk gh rks nlw jk uke ugh\\a çdk'k çdk'k eas iQ+ oQZ+ gkrs k g]S blfy, ykyk th us Hkh vius Hkhrj dbZ çdkj ds çdk'k j[ks gSaA ,d vkReçdk'k rks og Fkk tks ykyk yktir jk; dks fons'kksa esa nkSM+k;s fiQjrk Fkk] ,d çdk'k ;g gS tks mUgsa ;gk¡ ys vk;k gSA ,d çdkj dk çdk'k ykgkSj ls.Vªy tsy ls NwVus ds i'pkr gqvk FkkA rc ykyk th vlg;ksx vkUnksyudkfj;ksa dk usr`Ro djrs FksA le> ugha vkrk ykyk th] vki fdl çdk'k ds ihNs fiQjrs gSa\\ Ñi;k crkb;s! D;k lkE;okn Lo;a esa] de ls de vktdy dh nqfu;k esa] fiQjdsnkjh ugha gS\\ D;k ;g ,d oxZ dk nwljs oxZ ds fo#¼ laxfBr la?k\"kZ ugha gS\\ ykyk th rks ;gh dgrs gSaA ysfdu ykyk th] vki Lo;a crk;sa fd vki lkE;okn dks fiQjdsnkjh le>dj gh rks ugha vk;s\\ njvly vkius lkspk gksxk fd yks lkE;oknh D;k cuuk] fgUnw gh fiQj cu tkrs gSaA ykyk th oxZ&la?k\"kZ ds Hkh fo#¼ fn[kk;h nsrs gSaA D;ksafd ekywe gksrk gS] tSls ykyk th dks nks lkS cjlksa ls fgUnqLrku dk Kku gS] ,sls gh tks dqN egkRek ekDlZ us fl[kk;k gS] mldk Hkh Kku gSA ykyk th Bgjs et+nwj usrk] rks fiQj D;ksa u oxZ&la?k\"kZ ds fl¼kUr ds f[k+yki+Q gksa] et+nwj&vkUnksyu dh uhao j[kus okys egkRek dkyZ ekDlZ ds eksVs&eksVs rhu fl¼kUrksa esa ls ,d oxZ&la?k\"kZ gS vkSj blh ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 313

fl¼kUr ij pyrs gq, vkt nqfu;k ds et+nwj viuh&viuh ljdkjksa vkSj vius&vius ns'k ls VwVdj fo'o&et+nwj&laxBu esa 'kkfey gks jgs gSaA ysfdu ykyk th] vkt rks vki ox&Z l?a k\"kZ ds f[ky+ kiQ+ gkds j it¡w hokn rFkk rkuk'kkgh dks Hkh jgus nsuk pkgrs gSaA vki 'kk;n ;g le>rs gSa fd lkekftd fodkl esa] ftl rjg vki tSls iw¡thoknh dgrs gSa] nksuksa dh gh vko';drk gSA vly ckr rks ;g gS fd ykyk th ,d&,d djds vius igys ds fl¼kUr NkMs + jgs gaS vkjS iuq % vk;lZ ekth cu jgs gAaS blhfy, vkius cgrq [khtrs g,q fel ,fXul LesMyh ds jk\"Vªoknh fl¼kUr crkus okys ys[kksa dks çdkf'kr djuk cUn dj fn;k gSA bl rjg çdk'ku cUn djrs gq, tks fVIi.kh vkius 13 vDVwcj ds i=k eas fy[kh] mlus vkidh 'kku eas pkj pkn¡ ugha yxk;As tgk¡ rd geas tkudkjh gS fd fel ,fXul LesMyh vius ys[k fcuk dksbZ ikfjJfed fy;s Hkstrh jgh gSaA bl fVIi.kh ij vusd fojksèkkRed i=k vk;s gSa] ftUgsa vkius çdkf'kr djus dk Hkh lkgl ugha fn[kk;kA 15 fnlEcj ds i=k esa vkius bl rjg fel LesMyh ls {kek&;kpuk dh gS μ ¶ge viuh bPNkuqlkj dk;Z djrs gSaA fel LesMyh dks ;g tkuuk pkfg, fd ft+Unxh esa esjk rks vU; dksbZ nwljk (ns'klsok ds vykok) dke gh ugha gSA vxj eSaus mUgsa d\"V igq¡pk;k gS rks eq>s bldk cgqr vi+Qlksl gSA eq>s ;g lkspuk pkfg, Fkk fd esjs ^fjekdZ* mUgsa nq[k igq¡pkus ds vykok vkSj dj Hkh D;k ldrs FksA¸ ykyk th fuR; lw;ksZn; ls ukStokuksa dks mins'k djus vkjEHk dj nsrs gSa] fd 'kkfUriow dZ cTq k+ xq Z vuHq koh urs kvkas ds vkn's kkas dks ekuuk pkfg,] rFkk n's k ds fy, o+QqckZfu;k¡ djuh pkfg,A ysfdu ykyk th tc Lo;a ix&ix ij Bksdjsa [kkrs gSa] dbZ txgksa ij Hkwysa djrs gSa] vkRela;e esa ugha jgrsA {kek&;kpuk,¡ djrs fiQjrs gSa rks vki dSls ukStokuksa dks usr`Ro ns ldrs gSa\\ ;fn lp iNw as rks ^ita kc dls jh* vc c<w k+ gks x;k gAS blds [kr+ jukd nkr¡ >M+ x;s gASa ukdS j'kkgh dks Mjkus okys blds Hk;kud uk[k+ uw rts + ugha jgAs vc rks ;g ldlZ ds ,d ikyrw 'kjs dh rjg cvs lj gks x;k gAS ykyk igys okys ykyk ugha jgAs igys okyk ykyk uktS oku FkkA mleas uktS okukas okyk tk's k] uktS oku okyk lkgl vkjS toke¡ nk±s okyh oQ+ cq kuZ h dVw &dVw dj Hkjh FkhA og ykyk fglkch ugha FkkA og oQ+ cq kuZ h ds leæq eas dnw uk tkurk Fkk vkjS uktS oku Hkkb;k]s n's k dk nHq kkXZ ;! vc ;g ykyk ge uktS okukas dks min's k djus ds fy, jg x;k gAS ykyk Lo;a Lohdkjrk gS vkjS dgrk gS fd ¶ejs h rkcS k] eaS dkbs Z oQ+ cq kuZ h ugha dj ldrkA¸ yfs du og ¶uktS okukas dks lgh ekx¸Z ij pykus dks viuk vfèkdkj le>rk gAS fdlh dfo us Bhd dgk g]S ¶cnyrk gS jxa vklek¡ dlS &s dlS \\s ¸ tuojh] 1928 314 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ykyk yktir jk; vkSj ukStoku ykyk yktir jk; vkfn u tkus D;ksa igys ls gh ukStokuksa ds Hkk\"k.kksa ds fojksèkh pys vk jgs gSaA vkius ns'k&HkfDr dk vkn'kZ bVyh ds egku eSftuh ls lh[kkA og uktS okuksa dk cgqr cM+k ç'kald Fkk vkjS dgrk Fkk fd ¶egku dk;ks± dk Hkkj ukStoku gh mBkrs gSa] mudh vkokt+ esa tknw&lk vlj gksrk gSA os turk dks LorU=krk&laxzke ds fy, rqjUr rS;kj dj nsrs gSaA¸ ,sls O;fDr dks vius thou dk vkn'kZ crkus okyk O;fDr blds fcYdqy foijhr vkpj.k djs] ;gh ns[kdj vk'p;Z gksrk gSA 1907&08 ds iqjkus xM+s eqnsZ D;k m[kkM+us\\ vktdy dh gh dqN ckrsa i;kZIr gSaA fiNys dkSafly ds pqukoksa esa ykyk th us dkaxzsl dk lkFk NksM+dj mldh eq[k+kyi+Qr djuh vkjEHk dj nh vkjS blh nkjS ku ,slh ckrsa dgrs jgs tksfd fdlh Hkh rjg mUgas 'kkHs kk ugha nrs h FkhAa ;g n[s kdj dNq loa ns u'khy uktS okukas us vkids fo#¼ vkokt+ mBk;hA mldk cnyk ysus ds fy, ykyk th us [kqysvke Hkk\"k.kksa eas dgk fd ;s uktS oku cgrq gh [kr+ jukd ,oa ØkfUr&leFkdZ gaS rFkk yfs uu tlS k usrk pkgrs gSaA eq>esa ysfuu cuus dh rko+Qr ughaA lkFk gh ;g Hkh dg fn;k fd bu ukStokuksa dks vxj ipkl #i;s dh Hkh ukSdjh fey x;h rks ;s >kx dh rjg cSB tk;saxsA bldk D;k vFkZ gS\\ D;k ipkl #i;ksa ds fy, viuk vkn'kZ NksM+us okys ukStoku gh ysfuu ds lkFk Fks\\ D;k ysfuu blh Lrj dk gS\\ ugha rks ,slh ckr D;ksa dgh x;h\\ fliQ+ Z blfy, fd ykyk th tgk¡ ,d vkjs ljdkj dks buds fo#¼ dBksj dk;Zokgh djus ds fy, mdlk jgs gSa] ogha turk dh ut+jksa esa ukStokuksa dk lEeku fxjkus dh dksf'k'k Hkh dj jgs gSaA ln~Hkkouk ls fdlh O;fDr ds fdlh dk;Z vFkok fopkj dh dBksjre vkykspuk djus dk çR;sd dks vfèkdkj gS] ysfdu tkucw>dj fdlh ds fopkjksa dh x+yrc;kuh djds] x+yri+Qgfe;k¡ iQSykdj fdlh dks gkfu igq¡pkus dk ç;Ru djuk çR;ds ds fy, uk&euq kflc gAS rc pkgs og ykyk yktir jk; gkas ;k dkbs Z vKkr ukStokuA ml pquko ds ckn vusd volj ,sls vk;s] ysfdu mudk mYys[k djus dh vko';drk ughaA ykyk th us vHkh nwljk ys[k fy[kk gSA okLro esa rks ;g ^d.Vªh yhx*] ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 315

ftldk mYy[s k ge fiNys vda eas dj pdq s g]aS ds lUnHkZ eas fy[kk x;k Fkk] yfs du mlesa ukStokuksa dk mYys[k vk x;kA ykyk th i+Qjekrs gSa fd vktdy ds mxz fopkjksa okys ukStokuksa ds Hkk\"k.kksa ls turk dks cpuk pkfg,A ;s ;qxkUrdkjh ØkfUr leFkZd gSaA lEifÙk ds fy, budk çpkj gkfudkjd gS] D;ksafd blls oxZ&la?k\"kZ fNM+us dk Mj gAS vUr esa dgk fd ;g dke dqN fons'kh 'kjkjrh rÙoksa ds mdlkos esa vkdj vkjEHk fd;k x;k gSA og ckgjh rÙo gekjs jk\"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa iQwV Mkyuk pkgrs gSa] blfy, og cgqr [k+rjukd gSaA lkFk og ;g Hkh ekurs gSa fd bl rjg ds çpkj ls lEifÙk okys O;fDr ljdkj esa fey tk;saxsA bu çpkjd ukStokuksa dks xeq jkg] ckgjh rÙokas ds mdlkos eas vk;s g,q ] 'kjkjrh vkjS ykHs kh crkrs g,q vUr eas dgk gS fd mUgsa if.Mr tokgjyky usg: ij iwjh rjg ;o+Qhu gSA os ;fn dqN dj jgs gaS vFkok dg jgs gaS rks uds uh;rh vkjS le>c>w lAs cgrq [k+ cw ! ftu if.Mr tokgjyky usg: vkfn ds fopkjksa ij :l dk vPNk&[k+klk vlj gqvk] ftUgksaus :l ls ykSV vkus ij bu fopkjksa dk çpkj 'kq: fd;k] mudh uh;r ij dksbZ 'kd ughaA og fons'kh çHkko ;k mdlkos esa ;s ckrsa ugha dg jgs] cfYd usduh;rh ls dg jgs gSa] ysfdu tks cspkjs ns'k ls ckgj ugha tk lds os mdlkos esa vk;s gq, gSa! [+kwc! cgqr [+kwc! vly ckr ;g gS fd tokgjyky usg: dh gSfl;r cgqr cM+h gks x;h gSA mudk uke dkaxzsl dh vè;{krk ds fy, is'k gks jgk gS] rks mEehn Hkh gS fd os tYn gh vè;{k cu Hkh tk;saxsA muds fo#¼ fy[kus ij b±V dk tokc iRFkj ls feyus dk Hk; gksrk gS] ysfdu xqeuke ukStokuksa ds fy, tks eu esa vk;s- --dkSu iwNrk gSA ukStokuksa dks ladVksa esa iQ¡lkus dh bu dksf'k'kksa dks ge D;k dgsa\\ ykyk th dks ;g 'kksHkk ugha nsrkA [k+Sj] tks muds eu esa vk;s] djsaA vc ge mudh dqN ckrksa dk mÙkj nsuk pkgsaxsA lcls igys ge ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd bl çpkj ds fy, dksbZ fons'kh gesa xqejkg ugha dj jgkA ukStoku fdlh ds mdlkos esa vkdj ,slh ckrsa ugha dg jgs] cfYd vc ns'k ds Hkhrj ls gh eglwl djus yxs gSaA ykyk th Lo;a cM+s vkneh gSaA çFke ;k f}rh; Js.kh esa ;k=kk djrs gSaA mUgsa D;k ekywe fd rhljs ntsZ esa dkSu li+Qj dj jgk gS\\ os D;k tkusa fd rhljs ntsZ ds eqlkfi+Qj& [k+kuksa esa fdls ykrsa [kkuh iM+rh gSa\\ os eksVj esa cSBdj vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk g¡lrs&[ksyrs gt+kjksa xk¡oksa ls xqt+j tkrs gSaA mUgsa D;k ekywe fd gt+kjksa yksxksa ij D;k xqt+j jgh gS\\ D;k vkt ge ^vugSIih bf.M;k* tSlh fdrkc ds ys[kd dks fgUnqLrku ds djksM+ksa Hkw[kksa ejus okyksa dh n;uh; n'kk crk;sa\\ D;k vkt mu djksM+ksa euq\";ksa dks ns[kdj tks lqcg ls 'kke rd [+kwu&ilhuk ,d djds isV Hkh ugha Hkj ldrs] ;g vko';drk 'ks\"k jg tkrh gS fd dksbZ ckgj ls vkdj gesa dgs fd muds isV Hkjus dh dksbZ jkg fudkyksA ge xk¡okas esa xehZ] 316 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lnhZ] ckfj'k] èkwi] yw vkSj dksgjs esa jkr&fnu fdlkuksa dks dke djrs ns[krs gSaA ysfdu os cspkjs :[kh&lw[kh jksVh [kkdj xqt+kjk dj jgs gSa μ vkSj o+Qt+Z ds uhps ncs gq, gSaA rc D;k ge rM+i ugha mBrs\\ ml le; gekjs fnyksa esa vkx ugha HkM+d mBrh\\ rc Hkh D;k gesa fdlh dh vko';drk jg tkrh gS tks vkdj ;g crk;s fd bl O;oLFkk dks cnyus dk ç;kl djksA tc ge fuR; çfr ns[krs gSa fd Jfed Hkw[ks ejrs gSa vkSj fuBYys cSBdj [kkus okys vkuUn euk jgs gSa] rks D;k ge bl vk£Fkd vkSj lkekftd O;oLFkk dh xM+cfM+;k¡ vuqHko ugha dj ldrs\\ tc ge ns[krs gSa fd fnuksfnu vijkèk c<+ jgs gSa] turk dh gkyr jkst+&c&jkst+ n;uh; gksrh tk jgh gS] rc D;k gesa ckgjh mins'kdksa dh vko';drk gS tks gesa vkdj le>k;sa fd ØkfUr dh vko';drk gS---djksM+ksa euq\";ksa dks ftUgsa geus vNwr dgdj nwj fd;k gqvk gS mudh nnZukd fLFkfr;k¡ ns[kdj D;k Øksèk ugha vkrk\\ djksM+ksa (yksx) nqfu;k dk cgqr fodkl dj ldrs gSa] os tu&lsok dj ldrs Fks] ysfdu vkt os ge ij Hkkj eglwl gksrs gSaA mudh bl fLFkfr esa lqèkkj ds fy,] mUgsa iw.kZ :i ls euq\"; cukus ds fy, vkSj dqvksa dh txr ij p<+kus&ek=k ds fy, D;k vkUnksyuksa dh t+:jr ugha gS\\ D;k mUgsa ,slh voLFkk esa ykus dh vko';drk ugha Fkh fd os gekjh rjg dek&[kk ldsa\\ blds fy, D;k lkekftd vkSj vk£Fkd fu;eksa esa ØkfUr vko';d ugha gS\\ D;k iatkc rFkk fgUnqLrku ds ukStokuksa esa Lo;a dqN vglkl djus dh dksbZ 'kfDr 'ks\"k ugha cph\\ muds lhus esa D;k fny ugha èkM+drk\\ D;k muds fnyksa esa ekuork ugha gS\\ ugha rks fiQj D;ksa dgk tkrk gS fd fonsf'k;ksa us vkdj mUgas mdlk;k gSA gk¡] ge ;g Lohdkjrs gSa fd :lh ØkfUr us nqfu;k ds le{k ,dne u;s fopkj j[ks gSaA ge ekurs gSa fd ftu ckrksa dk gy 'kk;n vHkh ge Lo;a ugha lksp ldrs] :lh fo}kuksa us mezHkj d\"V lgrs gq,] fry&fry dj thou lekIr djrs gq, muds ckjs esa vius fopkj nqfu;k ds lkeus j[ksA D;k mUgsa mldk dksbZ ykHk ugha feyuk pkfg,\\ D;k muls fopkjksa dh lekurk Hkh mdlkok gS\\ rc rks ykyk th dks eSftuh us ns'k ds ukStokuksa dks xqejkg djds ns'klsok ds dke esa tqVk;k gqvk Fkk! ç'u ;g gS fd vktdy] 1928 esa] D;k nqfu;k dks ç+Qkalhlh ØkfUr ls dksbZ lcd lh[kuk vkSj mls viuk vkn'kZ cukuk pkfg, ;k vkt u;s okrkoj.k esa u;s fopkjksa ls iw.kZ :lh ØkfUr dks\\ D;k ykyk th dh ;g ea'kk gS fd vc vaxzst+h 'kklu ds fo#¼ gh ØkfUr dh tk;s vkSj 'kklu dh ckxMksj vehjksa ds gkFkksa esa nh tk;s\\ djksM+ksa tu blh rjg ugha] blls Hkh vfèkd cqjh fLFkfr;ksa esa iM+sa] ejsa vkSj rc fiQj lSdM+ksa cjlksa ds [+kwu&[k+jkcs ds i'pkr ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 317

iqu% bl jkg ij vk;sa vkSj fiQj ge vius iw¡thifr;ksa ds fo#¼ ØkfUr djsa\\ ;g vOoy ntsZ dh ew[kZrk gksxhA ykyk th us ,d&nks ckj nkl ds 'kCn lqu&lqukdj xk¡oksa esa laxBu dh ckr FkksM+h&lh mBk;h FkhA ykyk th dks rks xk¡oksa esa tkus dh i+Qqjlr gh ughaA os D;k tkusa fd turk ds fopkj D;k gSa\\ yksx lki+Q dgrs gSa fd gesa bUo+Qykc dk D;k ykHk\\ tc blh rjg ej&[kidj nks twu dh jksVh tqVuh gS vkjS rc Hkh uEcjnkj] rglhynkj vkSj Fkkusnkj dks blh rjg vR;kpkj djus gSa] blh rjg fdjk;s olwy fd;s tkus gSa rks ge vHkh dh jksVh D;ksa x¡ok;s\\ fdlh ds fy, vius fç;tuksa dks D;ksa my>uksa esa Mkysa\\ ge mUgsa D;k crk;sa fd muds iwoZt dSls Fks] ftlls fd os cfynku ds fy, rS;kj gks tk;saA vPNk] ekuk fd ;gk¡ ØkfUr gks tk;s rc ykyk th ds fopkj ls fdls 'kklu lkSaik tk;sxk\\ D;k egkjkt o¼Zeku ;k egkjkt ifV;kyk dks vkSj iw¡thifr;ksa ds Vksys dks\\ D;k vkt vesfjdk vkSj ç+Qkal ds djksM+ksa et+nwj Hkw[kksa ugha ej jgs\\ ge lcdqN tkurs&cq>rs D;ksa dq,¡ esa fxjas\\ ykyk th dgrs gSa fd gekjs lkE;oknh fopkjksa ds çpkj ls iw¡thifr ljdkj ds lkFk fey tk;saxsA cgqr [+kwc! igys os fdèkj gSa\\ fdrus iw¡thifr ;qxkUrjdkjh cus gaS\\ ØkfUr ls ftUgsa viuh lEifÙk esa FkksM+h&cgqr gkfu gksus dk Mj gksxk os ges'kk gh fojksèkh gks tkrs gSaA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa esa mudh th&gtwjh ds fy, vkn'kZ R;kxdj [k+ke[k+kg vius dk;Z dks gkfu igq¡pkuk mfpr ughaA nwljh ckr ;g fd it¡w hifr tj+ k lkps as fd fdl fLFkfr eas mUgas ykHk g\\S vkt vxa tsz + mUgas vius LokFkZ ds fy, vius lkFk vo'; feyk ysaxs] ysfdu èkhjs&èkhjs mudh iw¡th Nhudj mls vius iw¡thifr;ksa ds gkFkksa esa LFkkukUrfjr dj nsaxsA rc ;g x+jhc (gks x;s ljek;snkj) vkt tSls djksM+ksa et+nwjksa esa 'kkfey gksdj ejrs&[kirs jgsaxsA bUgsa lkekftd O;oLFkk esa vU;k; fn[kk;h nsxkA vxj os lkE;oknh ØkfUr dj ysa rks vkt mudh gjke[k+ksjh ij rks t+:j jksd yxk;h tk;sxh ysfdu nqfu;k dh vke [+kq'kgkyh esa tksfd fu'p; gh vkuh gS] 'kkfey gksdj os cgqr lq[kh jgsaxsA fgUnqLrkuh iw¡thifr lksp ysa fd mudks fdl esa ykHk gS\\ ysfdu et+nwj&vkUnksyu muds fy, #d ugha ldrk] mudh çrh{kk Hkh ugha dj ldrkA ukStokuksa dks ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,A dke dks vkjEHk djus esa cgqr dfBukb;k¡ iSnk gksrh gSa] èkhjt ls eqo+Qkcyk djuk pkfg,A ykyk th vkSj nwljs çdkj ds iw¡thoknh uhfr okys usrk Hkh èkhjs&èkhjs Lo;a eSnku ls ckgj gks jgs gSa] ftl çdkj igys lqjsUæukFk cuthZ gq, Fks vkSj vkt lçw rFkk fpUrkef.k tSls gks jgs gSaA vUr esa et+nwj&vkUnksyu dh thr gksxhA cksyks lkE;okfn;ksa dh t;! ;qxkUrdkjh èkkjk o+Qk;e jgs! 318 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

u;s usrkvksa ds vyx&vyx fopkj (tqykbZ] 1928 ds ^fdjrh* esa Nis bl ys[k esa Hkxr¯lg us lqHkk\"kpUæ cksl vkSj tokgjyky usg: ds fopkjksa dh rqyuk dh gSA ckn esa bfrgkl us Hkxr¯lg ds bu fopkjksa dh iqf\"V dhA μ l-) vlg;ksx vkUnksyu dh vliQyrk ds ckn turk esa cgqr fujk'kk vkSj ek;wlh iQSyhA fgUnw&eqfLye >xM+ksa us cpk&[kqpk lkgl Hkh [k+Re dj MkykA ysfdu ns'k esa tc ,d ckj tkx`fr iQSy tk;s rc ns'k T+;knk fnu rd lks;k ugha jg ldrkA dqN gh fnuksa ckn turk cgqr tks'k ds lkFk mBrh rFkk geyk cksyrh gSA vkt fgUnqLrku esa fiQj tku vk x;h gSA fgUnqLrku fiQj tkx jgk gSA ns[kus esa rks dksbZ cM+k tu&vkUnksyu ut+j ugha vkrk ysfdu uhao t+:j et+cwr dh tk jgh gSA vkèkqfud fopkjksa ds vusd u;s usrk lkeus vk jgs gSaA bl ckj ukStoku usrk gh vkxs c<+s vkSj ns'k esa ukStokuksa ds gh vkUnksyu py jgs gSaA ukStoku usrk gh ns'kHkDr yksxksa dh ut+jksa esa vk jgs gSaA cM+s&cM+s usrk cM+s gksus ds ckotwn ,d rjg ls ihNs NksM+s tk jgs gSaA bl le; tks usrk vkxs vk;s gSa os gSa μ caxky ds iwtuh; Jh lqHkk\"kpUæ cksl vkSj ekuuh; if.Mr Jh tokgjyky usg:A ;gh nks usrk fgUnqLrku esa mHkjrs ut+j vk jgs gSa vkSj ;qokvksa ds vkUnksyuksa esa fo'ks\"k :i ls Hkkx ys jgs gSaA nksuksa gh fgUnqLrku dh vkt+knh ds dV~Vj leFkZd gSaA nksuksa gh le>nkj vkjS lPps n's kHkDr gAaS yfs du fiQj Hkh buds fopkjkas eas te+ hu&vkleku dk vUrj gSA ,d dks Hkkjr dh çkphu laLÑfr dk mikld dgk tkrk gS rks nwljs dks iDdk if'pe dk f'k\";A ,d dks dksey ân; okyk Hkkoqd dgk tkrk gS vkSj nwljs dks iDdk ;qxkUrdkjhA ge bl ys[k esa muds vyx&vyx fopkjksa dks turk ds le{k j[ksaxs] rkfd turk Lo;a muds vUrj dks le> lds vkSj Lo;a Hkh fopkj dj ldsA ysfdu mu nksuksa ds fopkjksa dk mYys[k djus ls iwoZ ,d vkSj O;fDr dk mYys[k djuk Hkh t+:jh gS tksfd bUgha dh Hkk¡fr LorU=krk çseh gS vkSj ;qok&vkUnksyuksa dh ,d fo'ks\"k 'kf[+l;r gSA lkèkw oklokuh tks pkgs dkaxzsl ds cM+s usrkvksa dh Hkk¡fr tkus&ekus rks ugha] pkgs ns'k ds jktuhfrd {ks=k esa mudk dksbZ fo'ks\"k LFkku rks ugha] rks Hkh ;qokvksa ij] ftUgsa fd dy ns'k dh ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 319

ckxMksj l¡Hkkyuh gS] mudk vlj gS vkSj muds gh }kjk 'kq: gqvk vkUnksyu ^Hkkjr&;qok la?k* bl le; ;qokvksa esa fo'ks\"k çHkko j[krk gSA muds fopkj fcYdqy vyx <ax ds gSaA muds fopkj ,d gh 'kCn esa crk;s tk ldrs gSa μ ¶okil osnksa dh vksj ykSV pyksA¸ (cSd Vq osn~l)A ;g vkokt+ lcls igys vk;Zlekt us mBk;h FkhA bl fopkj dk vkèkkj bl vkLFkk esa gS fd osnksa esa ijekRek us lalkj dk lkjk Kku m¡M+sy fn;k gSA blls vkxs vkSj vfèkd fodkl ugha gks ldrkA blfy, gekjs fgUnqLrku us pkSrji+Qk tks çxfr dj yh Fkh mlls vkxs u nqfu;k c<+h gS vkSj u c<+ ldrh gS! [k+Sj] oklokuh vkfn blh vkLFkk dks ekurs gSaA rHkh ,d txg dgrs gSa μ ¶gekjh jktuhfr us vc rd dHkh rks efS tuh vkjS okYV;s j dks viuk vkn'kZ ekudj mnkgj.k LFkkfir fd;s gSa vkSj ;k dHkh ysfuu vkSj VkyLVk; ls lcd lh[kkA gkykf¡ d mUgas Kkr gkus k pkfg, fd muds ikl muls dgha cMs+ vkn'kZ gekjs ijq kus Íf\"k gAaS ¸ os bl ckr ij ;oQ+ hu djrs gaS fd gekjk n's k ,d ckj rks fodkl dh vfUre lhek rd tk pqdk Fkk vkSj vkt gesa vkxs dgha Hkh tkus dh vko';drk ugha] cfYd ihNs ykSVus dh t+:jr gSA vki ,d dfo gSaA dfoRo vkids fopkjksa esa lHkh txg ut+j vkrk gSA lkFk gh ;g èkeZ ds cgrq cMs+ mikld gAaS ;g ^'kfDr* èkeZ pykuk pkgrs gAaS ;g dgrs g]aS ¶bl le; geas 'kfDr dh vR;Ur vko';drk gAS ¸ og ^'kfDr* 'kCn dk vFkZ dsoy Hkkjr ds fy, bLrseky ugha djrsA ysfdu mudks bl 'kCn ls ,d çdkj dh nos h dk] ,d fo'k\"s k b'Z ojh; çkfIr dk fo'okl gAS os ,d cgrq Hkkodq dfo dh rjg dgrs gSa % \"For in solitude have communicated with her, our admired Bharat Mata, And my aching head had heard voices saying…'The day of free- dom is not far off.'… Sometimes indeed a strange feeling visits me and I say to myself-Holly, holy is Hindustan. For still is she under the pro- tection of her mighty Rishis and their beauty is around us, but we behold it not.\" vFkkZr ,dkUr esa Hkkjr dh vkokt+ eSaus lquh gSA esjs nq[kh eu us dbZ ckj ;g vkokt+ lquh gS fd ^vkt+knh dk fnu nwj ugha*---dHkh&dHkh cgqr vthc fopkj esjs eu esa vkrs gSa vkSj eSa dg mBrk gw¡] gekjk fgUnqLrku ikd vkSj ifo=k gS] D;ksafd iqjkus Íf\"k mldh j{kk dj jgs gSa vkSj mudh [+kwclwjrh fgUnqLrku ds ikl gSA ysfdu ge mUgsa ns[k ugha ldrsA ;g dfo dk foyki gS fd og ikxyksa ;k nhokuksa dh rjg dgrs jgrs gSa % ¶gekjh ekrk cM+h egku gSA cgqr 'kfDr'kkyh gSA mls ijkLr djus okyk dkSu iSnk gqvk gSA¸ bl rjg os dsoy ek=k Hkkoqdrk dh ckrsa djrs gq, dg tkrs gSa 320 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

% \"Our national movement must become a purifying mass movement. If it is to fulfil its destiny without falling into class war one of the dangers of Bolshevism.\" vFkkZr gesa vius jk\"Vªh; tu&vkUnksyu dks ns'k&lqèkkj dk vkUnksyu cuk nsuk pkfg,A rHkh ge oxZ;q¼ ds cksY'ksfoT+e ds [k+rjksa ls cp ldasxsA og bruk dgdj gh fd x+jhcksa ds ikl tkvks] xk¡oksa dh vksj tkvks] mudks nok&nk: eqÝ+r nks μ le>rs gSa fd gekjk dk;ZØe iwjk gks x;kA os Nk;koknh dfo gSaA mudh dfork dk dksbZ fo'ks\"k vFkZ rks ugha fudy ldrk] ek=k fny dk mRlkg c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA cl iqjkru lH;rk ds 'kksj ds vykok muds ikl dksbZ dk;ZØe ughaA ;qokvksa ds fnekx+ksa dks os dqN u;k ugha nsrsA dsoy fny dks Hkkoqdrk ls gh Hkjuk pkgrs gAaS mudk ;oq kvkas eas cgrq vlj gAS vkjS Hkh inS k gks jgk gAS muds nfd;kuwlh vkSj laf{kIr&ls fopkj ;gh gSa tksfd geus Åij crk;s gSaA muds fopkjksa dk jktuhfrd {ks=k esa lhèkk vlj u gksus ds ckotwn cgqr vlj iM+rk gSA fo'ks\"kdj bl dkj.k fd ukStokuksa] ;qokvksa dks gh dy vkxs c<+uk gS vkSj mUgha ds chp bu fopkjksa dk çpkj fd;k tk jgk gSA vc ge Jh lqHkk\"kpUæ cksl vkSj Jh tokgjyky usg: ds fopkjksa ij vk jgs gAaS nk&s rhu eghukas ls vki cgrq &lh dkWUçQ+ las kas ds vè;{k cuk;s x;s vkjS vkius vius&vius fopkj yksxksa ds lkeus j[ksA lqHkk\"k ckcw dks ljdkj r[+rkiyV fxjksg dk lnL; le>rh gS vkSj blhfy, mUgsa caxky vè;kns'k ds vUrxZr o+SQn dj j[kk FkkA vki fjgk gq, vkSj xeZ ny ds usrk cuk;s x;sA vki Hkkjr dk vkn'kZ iw.kZ LojkT; ekurs gSa] vkSj egkjk\"Vª dkWUç+Qsal esa vè;{kh; Hkk\"k.k esa vkius blh çLrko dk çpkj fd;kA if.Mr tokgjyky usg: Lojkt ikVhZ ds usrk if.Mr eksrhyky usg: th ds lqiq=k gSaA cSfjLVjh ikl gSaA vki cgqr fo}ku gSaA vki :l vkfn dk nkSjk dj vk;s gSaA vki Hkh xeZ ny ds usrk gSa vkSj eækl dkWUç+Qsal esa vkids vkSj vkids lkfFk;ksa ds ç;klksa ls gh iw.kZ LojkT; dk çLrko LohÑr gks ldk FkkA vkius ve`rlj dkWUç+Qsal ds Hkk\"k.k esa Hkh blh ckr ij t+ksj fn;kA ysfdu fiQj Hkh bu nksuksa lTtuksa ds fopkjksa esa t+ehu&vkleku dk vUrj gSA ve`rlj vkSj egkjk\"Vª dkWUç+Qsalksa ds bu nksuksa vè;{kksa ds Hkk\"k.k i<+dj gh gesa buds fopkjksa dk vUrj Li\"V gqvk FkkA ysfdu ckn esa cEcbZ ds ,d Hkk\"k.k esa ;g ckr Li\"V :i ls gekjs lkeus vk x;hA if.Mr tokgjyky usg: bl tulHkk dh vè;{krk dj jgs Fks vkSj lqHkk\"kpUæ us Hkk\"k.k fd;kA og ,d cgqr Hkkoqd caxkyh gSaA mUgksaus Hkk\"k.k vkjEHk fd;k fd fgUnqLrku dk nqfu;k ds uke ,d fo'ks\"k lUns'k gSA og nqfu;k dks vkè;kfRed f'k{kk nsxkA [k+Sj] vkxs os nhokus dh rjg dguk vkjEHk ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 321

dj nsrs gSa μ pk¡nuh jkr esa rktegy dks ns[kks vkSj ftl fny dh ;g le> dk ifj.kke Fkk] mldh egkurk dh dYiuk djksA lkspks ,d caxkyh miU;kldkj us fy[kk gS fd geesa ^;g gekjs vk¡lw gh te&tedj iRFkj cu x;s gSaA* og Hkh okil ons kas dh vkjs gh ykVS pyus dk vkàku djrs gAaS vkius vius iuw k okys Hkk\"k.k eas ^jk\"Vªokfnrk* ds lEcUèk eas dgk gS fd vUrjjk\"Vªh;rkoknh] jk\"Vªh;rkokn dks ,d ladh.kZ nk;js okyh fopkjèkkjk crkrs gSa] ysfdu ;g Hkwy gSA fgUnqLrkuh jk\"Vªh;rk dk fopkj ,slk ugha gSA og u ladh.kZ gSA u futh LokFkZ ls çsfjr gS vkSj u mRihM+udkjh gS] D;ksafd bldh tM+ ;k ewy rks ;g ^lR;e f'koe lqUnje* gS] vFkkZr ^lp] dY;k.kdkjh vkSj lqUnjA* ;g Hkh ogh Nk;kokn gSA dksjh Hkkoqdrk gSA lkFk gh mUgsa Hkh vius iqjkru ;qx ij cgqr fo'okl gSA og çR;sd ckr esa vius iqjkru ;qx dh egkurk ns[krs gSaA iapk;rhjkt dk <ax muds fopkj esa dksbZ u;k ughaA ^iapk;rh jkt vkSj turk dk jkt* os dgrs gSa fd fgUnqLrku esa cgqr iqjkuk gSA os rks ;gk¡ rd dgrs gSa fd lkE;okn Hkh fgUnqLrku ds fy, u;h pht+ ughaA [kj+S ] mUgksaus lcls T+;knk ml fnu ds Hkk\"k.k eas tk+ js ftl ckr ij fn;k Fkk og ;g Fkh fd fgUnLq rku dk nfq u;k ds fy, ,d fo'k\"s k lUn's k gAS if.Mr tokgjyky vkfn ds fopkj blds fcYdyq foijhr gSaA os dgrs gSa μ ¶ftl ns'k esa tkvks ogh le>rk gS fd mldk nqfu;k ds fy, ,d fo'ks\"k lUns'k gSA baXyS.M nqfu;k dks laLÑfr fl[kkus dk Bsdsnkj curk gSA eSa rks dksbZ fo'ks\"k ckr vius ns'k ds ikl ugha ns[krkA lqHkk\"k ckcw dks mu ckrksa ij cgqr ;o+Qhu gSA¸ tokgjyky dgrs gSa μ \"Every youth must rebel. Not only in political sphere, but in social, economic and religious spheres also. I have not much use for any man who comes and tells me that such and such thing is said in Koran, Every thing unreasonable must be discarded even if they find authority for it in the Vedas and Koran.\" (;kuh) ¶çR;sd ukStoku dks foæksg djuk pkfg,A jktuhfrd {ks=k esa gh ugha cfYd lkekftd] vk£Fkd vkSj èkk£ed {ks=k esa HkhA eq>s ,sls O;fDr dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha tks vkdj dgs fd iQyk¡ ckr o+Qqjku esa fy[kh gqbZ gSA dksbZ ckr tks viuh le>nkjh dh ij[k esa lgh lkfcr u gks mls pkgs osn vkSj o+Qqjku esa fdruk gh vPNk D;ksa u dgk x;k gks] ugha ekuuh pkfg,A¸ ;g ,d ;qxkUrdkjh ds fopkj gSa vkSj lqHkk\"k ds ,d jktifjorZudkjh ds fopkj gSaA ,d ds fopkj esa gekjh iqjkuh pht+sa cgqr vPNh gSa vkSj nwljs ds fopkj esa muds fo#¼ foæksg dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ,d dks Hkkoqd dgk 322 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

tkrk gS vkSj ,d dks ;qxkUrdkjh vkSj foæksgh! if.Mr th ,d LFkku ij dgrs gSa μ \"To those who still fondly cherish old ideas and are striving to bring back the conditions which prevailed in Arabia 1300 years ago or in the vedic Age in India. I say, that it is inconcievable that you can bring back the hoary past. The world of reality will not retrace its steps, the world of imagiation may remain stationary.\" os dgrs gSa fd tks vc Hkh o+Qqjku ds t+ekus ds] vFkkZr 1300 cjl ihNs ds vjc dh fLFkfr;k¡ iSnk djuk pkgrs gSa ;k tks ihNs osnksa ds t+ekus dh vksj ns[k jgs gSa muls esjk ;gh dguk gS fd ;g rks lkspk Hkh ugha tk ldrk fd og ;qx okil ykSV vk;sxk] okLrfod nqfu;k ihNs ugha ykSV ldrh] dkYifud nfq u;k dks pkgs dNq fnu ;gha fLFkj j[kkAs vkjS blhfy, os foækgs dh vko';drk eglwl djrs gSaA lHq kk\"k ckcw i.w kZ Lojkt ds leFkuZ eas gaS D;kfas d os dgrs gaS fd vxa tsz + if'pe ds oklh gSaA ge iwoZ dsA if.Mr th dgrs gSa] gesa viuk jkt o+Qk;e djds lkjh lkekftd O;oLFkk cnyuh pkfg,A mlds fy, ijw h&ijw h LorU=krk çkIr djus dh vko';drk gSA lqHkk\"k ckcw et+nwjksa ls lgkuqHkwfr j[krs gSa vkSj mudh fLFkfr lqèkkjuk pkgrs gSaA if.Mr th ,d ØkfUr djds lkjh O;oLFkk gh cny nsuk pkgrs gSaA lqHkk\"k Hkkoqd gaS μ fny ds fy, ukStokuksa dks cgqr dqN ns jgs gSa] ij ek=k fny ds fy,A nwljk ;qxkUrdkjh gS tksfd fny ds lkFk&lkFk fnekx+ dks Hkh cgqr dqN ns jgk gS μ \"They should aim at Swaraj for the masses based on socialism. That was a revolutionary change which they could not bring about without revolutionary methods....Mere reform or gradual repairing of the existing machinery could not achieve the real proper Swaraj for the General Masses.\" (vFkkZr) gekjk vkn'kZ lektoknh fl¼kUrksa ds vuqlkj iw.kZ LojkT; gkus k pkfg,] tkfs d ;xq kUrdkjh rjhoQ+ kas ds fcuk çkIr ugha gks ldrkA dos y lèq kkj vkSj ekStwnk ljdkj dh e'khujh dh èkheh&èkheh dh x;h ejEer turk ds fy, okLrfod LojkT; ugha yk ldrhA ;g muds fopkjksa dk Bhd&Bhd vDl gSA lqHkk\"k ckcw jk\"Vªh; jktuhfr dh vksj mrus le; rd gh è;ku nsuk vko';d le>rs gSa ftrus le; rd nqfu;k dh jktuhfr esa fgUnqLrku dh j{kk vkSj fodkl dk loky gSA ijUrq if.Mr th jk\"Vªh;rk ds ladh.kZ nk;jksa ls fudydj [kqys eSnku esa vk x;s gSaA vc loky ;g gS fd gekjs lkeus nksuksa fopkj vk x;s gSaA gesa fdl vksj >qduk pkfg,A ,d iatkch lekpkji=k us lqHkk\"k dh rkjhi+Q ds iqy ck¡èkdj ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 323

if.Mr th vkfn ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk fd ,sls foæksgh iRFkjksa ls flj ekj&ekjdj ej tkrs gSaA è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd iatkc igys gh cgqr Hkkoqd çkUr gSA yksx tYn gh tks'k esa vk tkrs gSa vkSj tYn gh >kx dh rjg cSB tkrs gSaA lqHkk\"k vkt 'kk;n fny dks dqN Hkkstu nsus ds vykok dksbZ nwljh ekufld [+kqjkd ugha ns jgs gSaA vc vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd iatkc ds ukStokuksa dks bu ;qxkUrdkjh fopkjksa dks [+kwc lksp&fopkjdj iDdk dj ysuk pkfg,A bl le; ita kc dks ekufld Hkkts u dh l[r+ t:+ jr gS vkjS ;g if.Mr tokgjyky usg: ls gh fey ldrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd muds vUèks iSjksdkj cu tkuk pkfg,A ysfdu tgk¡ rd fopkjksa dk lEcUèk gS] ogk¡ rd bl le; iatkch ukStokuksa dks muds lkFk yxuk pkfg,] rkfd os bUo+Qykc ds okLrfod vFkZ] fgUnqLrku esa bUo+Qykc dh vko';drk] nqfu;k esa bUo+Qykc dk LFkku D;k gS] vkfn ds ckjs esa tku ldsaA lksp&fopkj ds lkFk ukStoku vius fopkjksa dks fLFkj djsa rkfd fujk'kk] ek;wlh vkSj ijkt; ds le; esa Hkh HkVdko ds f'kdkj u gksa vkSj vdsys [kM+s gksdj nqfu;k ls eqo+Qkcys esa MVs jg ldsaA blh rjg turk bUo+Qykc ds è;s; dks iwjk dj ldsxhA 324 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lk.MlZ dh gR;k ds ckn % nks ukfs Vl 17 uoEcj] 1928 dks ykyk yktir jk; dk nsgkUr gqvkA vDVwcj esa lkbeu deh'ku ds fojksèk esa ykgkSj esa gq, fo'kky çn'kZu dk ykyk th us usr`Ro fd;k Fkk vkjS ifq yl us mu ij ykfB;k¡ cjlk;h FkhAa ;gh ykfB;k¡ ykyk th dh eR` ;q dk dkj.k cuhaA ykyk th dh e`R;q ls ns'k esa nq[k o vkrad Nk x;kA Jherh fprjatu nkl us ,sls ekgkSy esa loky fd;k Fkk] ^D;k ns'k esa ekuork o tokuh vHkh cko+Qh gS\\* ykyk yktir jk; ds çfr cgqr vPNh jk; u gksus ds ckotwn] ØkfUrdkfj;ksa us ykyk th dh e`R;q dks jk\"Vªh; vieku dk eqík cuk;k vkSj bldk cnyk ykyk th ij ykfB;k¡ cjlkus okys fczfV'k iqfyl vfèkdkjh lk.MlZ dks ekjdj fy;kA gkyk¡fd ofj\"B iqfyl vfèkdkjh LdkV ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ls cp x;kA lk.MlZ dh gR;k 17 fnlEcj dks dh x;hA 18 fnlEcj dks iwjs ykgkSj esa fgUnqLrku lektoknh çtkrkfU=kd lsuk ds dek.Mj bu phi+Q ds gLrk{kj ls ,d ijpk ck¡Vk x;kA 23 fnlEcj dks fiQj ,d uksfVl yxk;k x;kA μ l- ^fgUnqLrku lektoknh çtkrkfU=kd lsuk* uksfVl ukSdj'kkgh lkoèkku! ts-ih- lk.MlZ dh e`R;q ls ykyk yktir jk; th dh gR;k dk cnyk ys fy;k x;kA ;g lkspdj fdruk nq[k gksrk gS fd ts-ih- lk.MlZ tSls ,d ekewyh iqfyl vi+Qlj ds dehus gkFkksa ns'k dh rhl djksM+ turk }kjk lEekfur ,d usrk ij geyk djds muds çk.k ys fy;s x;sA jk\"Vª dk ;g vieku fgUnqLrkuh uo;qodksa vkSj enks± dks pqukSrh FkhA vkt lalkj us ns[k fy;k gS fd fgUnqLrku dh turk fu\"çk.k ugha gks x;h ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 325

gS] mudk (ukStokuksa) [+kwu te ugha x;k] os vius jk\"Vª ds lEeku ds fy, çk.kksa dh ckt+h yxk ldrs gSaA vkSj ;g çek.k ns'k ds mu ;qodksa us fn;k gS ftudh Lo;a ns'k ds usrk fuUnk vkSj vieku djrs gSaA vR;kpkjh ljdkj lkoèkku! bl ns'k dh nfyr vkSj ihfM+r turk dh Hkkoukvksa dks Bsl er yxkvks! viuh 'kSrkuh gjdrsa cUn djksA gesa gfFk;kj u j[kus nsus ds fy, cuk;s rqEgkjs lc o+Qkuwuksa vkSj pkSdlh ds ckotwn fiLrkSy vkSj fjokYoj bl ns'k dh turk ds gkFk esa vkrs gh jgsaxsA ;fn og gfFk;kj l'kL=k ØkfUr ds fy, i;kZIr u Hkh gq, rks Hkh jk\"Vªh; vieku dk cnyk ysrs jgus ds fy, rks dki+Qh jgsaxs ghA gekjs vius yksx gekjh fuUnk vkSj vieku djsaA fons'kh ljdkj pkgs gekjk fdruk Hkh neu dj ys] ijUrq ge jk\"Vªh; lEeku dh j{kk djus vkSj fons'kh vR;kpkfj;ksa dks lcd fl[kkus ds fy, lnk rRij jgsaxsA ge lc fojksèk vkSj neu ds ckotwn ØkfUr dh iqdkj dks cqyUn j[ksaxs vkSj iQk¡lh ds r[+rksa ij ls Hkh iqdkj dj dgsaxs μ bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn! gesa ,d vkneh dh gR;k djus dk [ksn gSA ijUrq ;g vkneh ml funZ;h] uhp vkjS vU;k;i.w kZ O;oLFkk dk vxa Fkk ftls lekIr dj nus k vko';d gAS bl vkneh dh gR;k fgUnqLrku esa fczfV'k 'kklu ds dkfjUns ds :i esa dh x;h gSA ;g ljdkj lalkj dh lcls vR;kpkjh ljdkj gSA euq\"; dk jDr cgkus ds fy, gesa [ksn gSA ijUrq ØkfUr dh osnh ij dHkh&dHkh jDr cgkuk vfuok;Z gks tkrk gSA gekjk mís'; ,d ,slh ØkfUr ls gS tks euq\"; }kjk euq\"; ds 'kks\"k.k dk vUr dj nsxhA ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn!* 18 fnlEcj] 1928 g- cyjkt ^lsukifr] iatkc fg-l-ç-l-* 326 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fgUnqLrku lektoknh çtkrkfU=kd lsuk uksfVl 17 fnlEcj dh ?kVuk lEcUèkh vc dksbZ jgL; ugha! dksbZ vuqeku ugha! ts-ih- lk.MlZ ekjk x;k! ykyk yktir jk; dk cnyk ys fy;k x;k!! fg-l-ç-l- dh fu;ekoyh (fu;e 10&ch o lh) ds vuqlkj bl ckr dh lwpuk nh tkrh gS fd ;g lhèkh jktuhfrd çÑfr dh cnys dh dkjZokbZ FkhA Hkkjr ds egku cqT+kqxZ ykyk yktir jk; ij fd;s x;s vR;Ur ?k`f.kr geys ls mudh e`R;q gqbZA ;g bl ns'k dh jk\"Vªh;rk dk lcls cM+k vieku Fkk vkSj vc bldk cnyk ys fy;k x;k gSA blds ckn lHkh ls ;g vuqjksèk gS fd gekjs 'k=kq iqfyl dks gekjk irk&fBdkuk crkus esa fdlh fo+QLe dh lgk;rk u nsaA tks dksbZ blds foijhr dke djsxk] ml ij l[+r dkjZokbZ dh tk;sxhA bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn! 23 fnlEcj] 1928 gLrk{kj cyjkt dek.Mj&bu phi+Q ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk vkSj jk\"Vªh; usr`Ro dk ewY;kadu @ 327



VII. cgjkas dks luq kus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk



vlsEcyh gkWy esa iQsadk x;k ijpk 8 vçSy] lu~ 1929 dks vlsEcyh esa ce iQsadus ds ckn Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk }kjk ck¡Vs x;s vaxzst+h ijps dk fgUnh vuqoknA μ l- ^fgUnLq rku lektoknh çtkrkfU=kd lus k* lwpuk ¶cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, cgqr Å¡ph vkokt+ dh vko';drk gksrh gS¸] çfl¼ ç+Qkalhlh vjktdrkoknh 'kghn oSfy;k¡ ds ;s vej 'kCn gekjs dke ds vkSfpR; ds lk{kh gSaA fiNys nl o\"kks± esa fczfV'k ljdkj us 'kklu&lqèkkj ds uke ij bl ns'k dk tks vieku fd;k gS mldh dgkuh nksgjkus dh vko';drk ugha vkSj u gh fgUnqLrkuh ik£y;kes.V iqdkjh tkus okyh bl lHkk us Hkkjrh; jk\"Vª ds flj ij iRFkj iQsaddj mldk tks vieku fd;k gS] mlds mnkgj.kksa dks ;kn fnykus dh vko';drk gSA ;g lc loZfofnr vkSj Li\"V gSA vkt fiQj tc yksx ^lkbeu deh'ku* ls dqN lqèkkjksa ds VqdM+ksa dh vk'kk esa vk¡[ksa iQSyk;s gSa vkSj bu VqdM+ksa ds yksHk esa vkil esa >xM+ jgs gSa] fons'kh ljdkj ^lkoZtfud lqj{kk foèks;d* (ifCyd lsÝ+Vh fcy) vkSj ^vkS|ksfxd fookn foèks;d* (VsªM~l fMLI;wV~l fcy) ds :i esa vius neu dks vkSj Hkh dM+k dj ysus dk ;Ru dj jgh gSA blds lkFk gh vkus okys vfèkos'ku esa ^v[k+ckjksa }kjk jktæksg jksdus dk o+Qkuwu* (çsl lSfM'ku ,DV) turk ij dlus dh Hkh èkedh nh tk jgh gSA lkoZtfud dke djus okys et+nwj usrkvksa dh vUèkkèkqUèk fxjÝ+rkfj;k¡ ;g Li\"V dj nsrh gSa fd ljdkj fdl joS;s ij py jgh gSA jk\"Vªh; neu vkjS vieku dh bl mÙkts uki.w kZ ifjfLFkfr eas vius mÙkjnkf;Ro dh xEHkhjrk dks eglwl dj ^fgUnqLrku lektoknh çtkrU=k la?k* us viuh lsuk dks ;g o+Qne mBkus dh vkKk nh gSA bl dk;Z dk ç;kstu gS fd o+Qkuwu dk cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 331

;g viekutud çglu lekIr dj fn;k tk;sA fons'kh 'kks\"kd ukSdj'kkgh tks pkgs djs ijUrq mldh oSèkkfudrk dh udkc iQkM+ nsuk vko';d gSA turk ds çfrfufèk;ksa ls gekjk vkxzg gS fd os bl ik£y;kes.V ds ik[k.M dks NkMs + dj viu&s vius fuokpZ u {k=s kkas dks ykVS tk;as vkjS turk dks fon's kh neu vkjS 'kk\"s k.k ds fo#¼ ØkfUr ds fy, r;S kj djAas ge fon's kh ljdkj dks ;g cryk nsuk pkgrs gSa fd ge ^lkoZtfud lqj{kk* vkSj ^vkS|ksfxd fookn* ds neudkjh o+Qkuwuksa vkSj ykyk yktir jk; dh gR;k ds fojksèk esa ns'k dh turk dh vksj ls ;g o+Qne mBk jgs gSaA ge euq\"; ds thou dks ifo=k le>rs gSaA ge ,sls mTToy Hkfo\"; esa fo'okl j[krs gSa ftlesa çR;sd O;fDr dks iw.kZ 'kkfUr vkSj LorU=krk dk volj fey ldAs ge bUlku dk [k+ uw cgkus dh viuh foo'krk ij n[q kh gAaS ijUrq ØkfUr }kjk lcdks leku LorU=krk nsus vkSj euq\"; }kjk euq\"; ds 'kks\"k.k dks lekIr dj nsus ds fy, ØkfUr esa dqN u dqN jDrikr vfuok;Z gSA bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn! g- cyjkt dek.Mj bu phi+Q 332 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

cedk.M ij l's ku dkVs Z eas c;ku vlsEcyh esa ce iQsadus ds ckn] 6 twu] 1929 dks fnYyh ds ls'ku tt fe- fy;ksukMZ fefMYVu dh vnkyr esa fn;k x;k Hkxr¯lg vkSj cVqds'oj nÙk dk ,sfrgkfld c;kuA μ l- gekjs Åij xEHkhj vkjksi yxk;s x;s gSaA blfy, ;g vko';d gS fd ge Hkh viuh li+QkbZ esa dqN 'kCn dgsaA gekjs dfFkr vijkèk ds lEcUèk esa fuEufyf[kr ç'u mBrs gSa % (1) D;k okLro esa vlsEcyh esa ce iQsads x;s Fks] ;fn gk¡ rks D;ksa\\ (2) uhps dh vnkyr esa gekjs Åij tks vkjksi yxk;s x;s gSa] os lgh gSa ;k x+yr\\ igys ç'u ds igys Hkkx ds fy, gekjk mÙkj LohdkjkRed gS] ysfdu rFkkdfFkr p'enhn xokgksa us bl ekeys esa tks xokgh nh gS og ljklj >wB gSA pw¡fd ge ce iQsadus ls bUdkj ugha dj jgs gSa blfy, ;gk¡ bu xokgksa ds c;kuksa dh lPpkbZ dh ij[k Hkh gks tkuh pkfg,A mnkgj.k ds fy,] ge ;gk¡ crk nsuk pkgrs gSa fd lktsZ.V Vsjh dk ;g dguk fd mUgksaus geesa ls ,d ds ikl ls fiLrkSy cjken dh] ,d li+Qsn >wB&ek=k gS] D;ksafd tc geus viusvki dks iqfyl ds gkFkksa esa lkSaik rks geesa ls fdlh ds ikl dksbZ fiLrkSy u FkhA ftu xokgksa us dgk gS fd mUgksaus gesa ce iQsadrs ns[kk Fkk] os >wB cksyrs gSaA U;k; rFkk fu\"diV O;ogkj dks loksZifj ekuus okys yksxksa dks bu >wBh ckrksa ls ,d lcd ysuk pkfg,A lkFk gh ge ljdkjh odhy ds mfpr O;ogkj rFkk vnkyr ds vHkh rd ds U;k;laxr joS;s dks Hkh Lohdkj djrs gAaS igys ç'u ds nwljs fgLls dk mÙkj nsus ds fy, gesa bl cedk.M tSlh ,sfrgkfld ?kVuk ds dqN foLrkj esa tkuk iM+sxkA geus og dke fdl vfHkçk; ls rFkk fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds chp fd;k] bldh iwjh ,oa [kqyh li+QkbZ vko';d gAS tsy esa gekjs ikl dqN iqfyl vfèkdkjh vk;s FksA mUgksaus gesa crk;k fd ykWMZ b£ou us bl ?kVuk ds ckn gh vlsEcyh ds nksuksa lnuksa ds lfEefyr cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 333

vfèko's ku eas dgk gS fd ¶;g foækgs fdlh O;fDr&fo'k\"s k ds f[k+ ykiQ+ ugh]a oju lEiw.kZ 'kklu&O;oLFkk ds fo#¼ FkkA¸ ;g lqudj geus rqjUr Hkk¡i fy;k fd yksxksa us gekjs bl dke ds mís'; dks lgh rkSj ij le> fy;k gSA ekuork dks I;kj djus eas ge fdlh ls ihNs ugha gAaS geas fdlh ls O;fDrxr }s\"k ugha gS vkSj ge çkf.k&ek=k dks ges'kk vknj dh ut+j ls ns[krs vk;s gSaA ge u rks ccZjrkiw.kZ miæo djus okys ns'k ds dyad gSa] tSlkfd lks'kfyLV dgykus okys nhoku peuyky us dgk gS] vkSj u gh ge ikxy gSa] tSlkfd ykgkSj ds ^fVªC;wu* rFkk dqN vU; v[k+ckjksa us fl¼ djus dk ç;kl fd;k gSA ge rks dsoy vius ns'k ds bfrgkl] mldh ekStwnk ifjfLFkfr rFkk vU; ekuoksfpr vkdka{kkvksa ds euu'khy fo|kFkhZ gksus dk fouezrkiwoZd nkokHkj dj ldrs gSaA gesa <ksax rFkk ik[k.M ls ui+Qjr gSA ,d vidkjtud laLFkk ;g dke geus fdlh O;fDrxr LokFkZ vFkok fo}s\"k dh Hkkouk ls ugha fd;k gSA gekjk mís'; dsoy ml 'kklu&O;oLFkk ds fo#¼ çfrokn djuk Fkk ftlds gj ,d dke ls mldh v;ksX;rk gh ugha oju vidkj djus dh mldh vlhe {kerk Hkh çdV gksrh gSA bl fo\"k; ij geus ftruk fopkj fd;k mruk gh gesa bl ckr dk n`<+ fo'okl gksrk x;k fd og dsoy lalkj ds lkeus Hkkjr dh yTtktud rFkk vlgk; voLFkk dk ¯<<ksjk ihVus ds fy, gh o+Qk;e gS vkSj og ,d x+Sj&ft+Eesnkj rFkk fujadq'k 'kklu dk çrhd gSA turk ds çfrfufèk;ksa us fdruh gh ckj jk\"Vªh; ek¡xksa dks ljdkj ds lkeus j[kk] ijUrq mlus mu ek¡xksa dh loZFkk vogsyuk djds gj ckj mUgsa jíh dh Vksdjh esa Mky fn;kA lnu }kjk ikl fd;s x;s xEHkhj çLrkoksa dks Hkkjr dh rFkkdfFkr ik£y;kes.V ds lkeus gh frjLdkjiwoZd iSjksa rys jkSank x;k gS] neudkjh rFkk fujadq'k o+Qkuwuksa dks lekIr djus dh ek¡x djus okys çLrkoksa dks ges'kk voKk dh n`f\"V ls gh ns[kk x;k gS vkSj turk }kjk fuokZfpr lnL;ksa us ljdkj ds ftu o+Qkuwuksa rFkk çLrkoksa dks vokafNr ,oa voèS kkfud crkdj jí dj fn;k Fkk] mUgsa dsoy o+Qye fgykdj gh ljdkj us ykxw dj fy;k gSA la{ksi esa] cgqr dqN lkspus ds ckn Hkh ,d ,slh laLFkk ds vfLrRo dk vkSfpR; gekjh le> esa ugha vk ldk tks] ckotwn ml reke 'kkuks&'kkSo+Qr ds] ftldk vkèkkj Hkkjr ds djksM+ksa esgurd'kksa dh xk<+h dekbZ gS] dsoy ek=k fny dks cgykus okyh] FkksFkh] fn[kkoVh vkSj 'kjkjrksa ls Hkjh gqbZ ,d laLFkk gSA ge lkoZtfud usrkvksa dh eukso`fÙk dks le> ikus esa Hkh vleFkZ gSaA gekjh le> esa ugha vkrk fd gekjs usrkx.k Hkkjr dh vlgk; ijrU=krk 334 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh f[kYyh mM+kus okys brus Li\"V ,oa iwoZfu;ksftr çn'kZuksa ij lkoZtfud lEifÙk ,oa le; cjckn djus eas lgk;d D;kas curs gAaS ge bUgha ç'uksa rFkk et+nwj vkUnksyu ds usrkvksa dh èkjidM+ ij fopkj dj gh jgs Fks fd ljdkj vkS|ksfxd fookn foèks;d ysdj lkeus vk;hA ge blh lEcUèk esa vlsEcyh dh dk;Zokgh ns[kus x;sA ogk¡ gekjk ;g fo'okl vkSj Hkh n`<+ gks x;k fd Hkkjr dh yk[kksa esgurd'k turk ,d ,slh laLFkk ls fdlh ckr dh Hkh vk'kk ugha dj ldrh tks Hkkjr ds cscl esgurd'kksa dh nklrk rFkk 'kks\"kdksa dh xyk?kkasVw 'kfDr dh vfgrdkjh ;knxkj gSA vUr esa og o+Qkuwu] ftls ge ccZj ,oa vekuoh; le>rs gSa] ns'k ds çfrfufèk;ksa ds ljksa ij iVd fn;k x;k vkSj bl çdkj djksM+ksa la?k\"kZjr Hkw[ks et+nwjksa dks çkFkfed vfèkdkjksa ls Hkh oafpr dj fn;k x;k vkSj muds gkFkksa ls mudh vk£Fkd eqfDr dk ,dek=k gfFk;kj Hkh Nhu fy;k x;kA ftl fdlh us Hkh dejrksM+ ifjJe djus okys ewd esgurd'kksa dh gkyr ij gekjh rjg lkspk gS og 'kk;n fLFkj eu ls ;g lc ugha ns[k ldsxkA cfy ds cdjksa dh Hkk¡fr 'kks\"kdksa μ vkSj lcls cM+h 'kks\"kd Lo;a ljdkj gS μ dh cfyosnh ij vk;s fnu gksus okyh et+nwjksa dh bu ewd o+QqckZfu;ksa dks ns[kdj ftl fdlh dk fny jksrk gS og viuh vkRek dh phRdkj dh mis{kk ugha dj ldrkA xoujZ tujy dh dk;dZ kfj.kh lfefr ds Hkrw iow Z lnL; Loxh;Z Jh ,l-vkj- nkl us vius çfl¼ i=k esa vius iq=k dks fy[kk Fkk fd baXyS.M dh LoIufuæk Hkax djus ds fy, ce dk mi;ksx vko';d FkkA Jh nkl ds bUgha 'kCnksa dks lkeus j[kdj geus vlsEcyh Hkou esa ce iQsads FksA geus og dke et+nwjksa dh rji+Q ls çfrjksèk çn£'kr djus ds fy, fd;k FkkA mu vlgk; et+nwjksa ds ikl vius eekUZ rd Dy's kkas dks O;Dr djus dk vkjS dksbZ lkèku Hkh rks ugha FkkA gekjk ,dek=k mís'; Fkk ^cgjksa dks lqukuk* vkSj mu ihfM+rksa dh ek¡xksa ij è;ku u nsus okyh ljdkj dks le; jgrs psrkouh nsukA gekjh gh rjg nwljksa dh Hkh ijks{k èkkj.kk gS fd ç'kkUr lkxj :ih Hkkjrh; ekuork dh Åijh 'kkfUr fdlh Hkh le; iQwV iM+us okys ,d Hkh\"k.k rwi+Qku dh |ksrd gSA geus rks mu yksxksa ds fy, fli+QZ [k+rjs dh ?k.Vh ctk;h gS tks vkus okys Hk;kud [k+rjs dh ijokg fd;s cx+Sj rst+ jÝ+rkj ls vkxs dh rji+Q Hkkxs tk jgs gSaA ge yksxksa dks fli+QZ ;g crk nsuk pkgrs gSa fd ^dkYifud v¯glk* dk ;xq vc lekIr gks pdq k gS vkjS vkt dh mBrh gbq Z u;h ih<h+ dks mldh O;FkrZ k esa fdlh Hkh çdkj dk lUnsg ugha jg x;k gSA ekuork ds çfr gk£nd ln~Hkko rFkk vfeV çse j[kus ds dkj.k mls O;FkZ ds jDrikr ls cpkus ds fy, geus psrkouh nsus ds bl mik; dk lgkjk fy;k cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 335

gSA vkSj ml vkus okys jDrikr dks ge gh ugha] yk[kksa vkneh igys ls gh ns[k jgs gSaA dkYifud v¯glk Åij geus ^dkYifud v¯glk* 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA ;gk¡ ij mldh O;k[;k dj nsuk Hkh vko';d gSA vkØked mís'; ls tc cy dk ç;ksx gksrk gS mls ¯glk dgrs gSa] vkSj uSfrd n`f\"Vdks.k ls mls mfpr ugha dgk tk ldrkA ysfdu tc mldk mi;ksx fdlh oSèk vkn'kZ ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS rks mldk uSfrd vkSfpR; Hkh gksrk gSA fdlh gkyr esa cy&ç;ksx ugha gksuk pkfg,] ;g fopkj dkYifud vkSj vO;kogkfjd gSA bèkj ns'k esa tks u;k vkUnksyu rst+h ds lkFk mB jgk g]S vkjS ftldh iow Z lpw uk ge ns pdq s gaS og x#q xkfs oUn ¯lg] f'kokth] deky ik'kk] fjt+k [kk¡] ok¯'kxVu] xSjhckYMh] yi+Qk;r vkSj ysfuu ds vkn'kks± ls gh çLiQqfjr gS vkSj mUgha ds in&fpÉksa ij py jgk gSA pw¡fd Hkkjr dh fons'kh ljdkj rFkk gekjs jk\"Vªh; usrkx.k nksuksa gh bl vkUnksyu dh vksj ls mnklhu yxrs gSa vkSj tkucw>dj mldh iqdkj dh vksj ls vius dku cUn djus dk ç;Ru dj jgs gSa] vr% geus viuk dÙkZO; le>k fd ge ,d ,slh psrkouh nsa ftldh vogsyuk u dh tk ldsA gekjk vfHkçk; vHkh rd geus bl ?kVuk ds ewy mís'; ij gh çdk'k Mkyk gSA vc ge viuk vfHkçk; Hkh Li\"V dj nsuk pkgrs gSaA ;g crkus dh vko';drk ugha gS fd bl ?kVuk ds flyflys esa ekewyh pksVsa [kkus okys O;fDr;ksa vFkok vlsEcyh ds fdlh vU; O;fDr ds çfr gekjs fnyksa esa dksbZ oS;fDrd fo}s\"k dh Hkkouk ugha FkhA blds foijhr ge ,d ckj fiQj Li\"V dj nsuk pkgrs gSa fd ge ekuo&thou dks vR;Ur ifo=k ekurs gSa vkSj fdlh vU; O;fDr dks pksV igq¡pkus ds ctk; ge ekuotkfr dh lsok esa g¡lrs&g¡lrs vius çk.k fol£tr dj nsaxsA ge lkezkT;okn dh lsuk ds HkkM+s ds lSfudksa tSls ugha gSa ftudk dke gh gR;k gksrk gSA ge ekuo&thou dk vknj djrs gSa vkSj cjkcj mldh j{kk dk ç;Ru djrs gSaA blds ckn Hkh ge Lohdkj djrs gSa fd geus tku&cw>dj vlsEcyh Hkou esa ce iQsadsA ?kVuk,¡ Lo;a gekjs vfHkçk; ij çdk'k Mkyrh gAaS vkjS gekjs bjknkas dh ij[k gekjs dke ds ifj.kke ds vkèkkj ij gksuh pkfg, u fd vVdy ,oa eux<+Ur ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vkèkkj ijA ljdkjh fo'ks\"kK dh xokgh ds fo#¼ gesa ;g dguk gS fd vlsEcyh Hkou eas iQsads x;s ceksa ls ogk¡ dh ,d [k+kyh csap dks gh dqN 336 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

uqo+Qlku igq¡pk vkSj yxHkx vkèks ntZu yksxksa dks ekewyh&lh [kjksapsaHkj vk;haA ljdkjh oSKkfudksa us dgk gS fd ce cM+s t+ksjnkj Fks vkSj muls vfèkd uqo+Qlku ugha gqvk] bls ,d vugksuh ?kVuk gh dguk pkfg,A ysfdu gekjs fopkj ls mUgsa oSKkfud <ax ls cuk;k gh ,slk x;k FkkA igyh ckr] nksuksa ce csapksa rFkk MsLdksa ds chp dh [k+kyh txg esa gh fxjs FksA nwljs] muds iQwVus dh txg ls nks fiQV ij cSBs gq, yksxksa dks Hkh] ftuesa Jh ih-vkj- jkm] Jh 'kadj jko rFkk lj tkWtZ 'kqLVj ds uke mYys[kuh; gSa] ;k rks fcYdqy gh pksVsa ugha vk;h ;k ek=k ekewyh vk;haA vxj mu ceksa esa t+ksjnkj iksVSf'k;e DyksjsV vkSj fifØd ,flM Hkjk gksrk] tlS kfd ljdkjh fo'ks \"kK us dgk g]S rks bu cekas us ml ydMh+ ds ?kjs s dks rkMs d+ j dqN xt dh nwjh ij [kM+s yksxksa rd dks mM+k fn;k gksrkA vkSj ;fn muesa dksbZ vkSj Hkh 'kfDr'kkyh foLiQksVd Hkjk tkrk rks fu'p; gh os vlsEcyh ds vfèkdka'k lnL;ksa dks mM+k nsus esa leFkZ gksrsA ;gh ugha] ;fn ge pkgrs rks mUgsa ljdkjh d{k esa iQsad ldrs Fks tksfd fof'k\"V O;fDr;ksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk FkkA ;k fiQj ml lj tkWu lkbeu dks viuk fu'kkuk cuk ldrs Fks] ftlds vHkkxs deh'ku us çR;sd fopkj'khy O;fDr ds fny esa mldh vksj ls xgjh ui+Qjr inS k dj nh Fkh vkSj tks ml le; vlsEcyh dh vè;{k nh?kkZ esa cSBk FkkA ysfdu bl rjg dk gekjk dksbZ bjknk ugha Fkk vkSj mu ceksa us mruk gh dke fd;k ftrus ds fy, mUgsa rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA ;fn mlls dksbZ vugksuh ?kVuk gqbZ rks ;gh fd os fu'kkus ij vFkkZr fujkin LFkku ij fxjsA ,d ,sfrgkfld lcd blds ckn geus bl dk;Z dk n.M Hkksxus ds fy, viusvki dks tku&cw>dj iqfyl ds gkFkksa le£ir dj fn;kA ge lkezkT;oknh 'kks\"kdksa dks ;g crk nsuk pkgrs Fks fd eqV~BhHkj vknfe;ksa dks ekjdj fdlh vkn'kZ dks lekIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj u gh nks ux.; O;fDr;ksa dks dqpydj jk\"Vª dks nck;k tk ldrk gSA ge bfrgkl ds bl lcd ij t+ksj nsuk pkgrs Fks fd ifjp;&i=k ;k ifjp;&fpÉ (Letter de catchet) rFkk ckLrh; (ç+Qkal dh dq[;kr tsy tgk¡ jktuhfrd cfUn;ksa dks ?kksj ;U=k.kk,¡ nh tkrh Fkha) ç+Qkal ds ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dks dqpyus esa leFkZ ugha gq, Fks] iQk¡lh ds iQUns vkSj lkbcsfj;k dh [k+kusa :lh ØkfUr dh vkx dks cq>k ugha ik;h FkhaA rks fiQj D;k vè;kns'k vkSj lsÝ+Vh fcYl Hkkjr esa vkt+knh dh ykS dks cq>k ldsaxs\\ \"kM~;U=kksa dk irk yxkdj ;k x<+s gq, \"kM~;U=kksa }kjk ukStokuksa dks lt+k nsdj ;k ,d egku vkn'kZ ds LoIu ls çsfjr uo;qodksa dks tsyksa esa Bw¡ldj D;k ØkfUr dk vfHk;ku jksdk tk ldrk gS\\ gk¡] lkef;d psrkouh ls] c'krsZ fd mldh mis{kk u dh tk;s] cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 337

yksxksa dh tkusa cpk;h tk ldrh gSa vkSj O;FkZ dh eqlhcrksa ls mudh j{kk dh tk ldrh gSA vkxkgh nsus dk ;g Hkkj vius Åij ysdj geus viuk dÙkZO; iwjk fd;k gSA D;k gS ØkfUr\\ (Hkxr¯lg ls uhps dh vnkyr esa iwNk x;k Fkk fd ØkfUr ls mu yksxksa dk D;k eryc gS\\ bl ç'u ds mÙkj esa mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd) ØkfUr ds fy, [+kwuh yM+kb;k¡ vfuok;Z ugha gaS vkjS u gh mlesa O;fDrxr çfr¯glk ds fy, dksbZ LFkku gSA og ce vkSj fiLrkSy dk lEçnk; ugha gSA ØkfUr ls gekjk vfHkçk; gS μ vU;k; ij vkèkkfjr ekStwnk lekt&O;oLFkk esa vkewy ifjorZuA lekt dk çe[q k vxa gkrs s g,q Hkh vkt etn+ jw kas dks muds çkFkfed vfèkdkj ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gS vkSj mudh xk<+h dekbZ dk lkjk èku 'kks\"kd iw¡thifr gM+i tkrs gSaA nwljksa ds vUunkrk fdlku vkt vius ifjokj lfgr nkus&nkus ds fy, eqgrkt gSaA nqfu;kHkj ds ckt+kjksa dks diM+k eqgS;k djus okyk cqudj vius rFkk vius cPpksa ds ru <¡dusHkj dks Hkh diM+k ugha ik jgk gSA lqUnj egyksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys jktxhj] yksgkj rFkk c<+bZ Lo;a xUns ckM+ksa esa jgdj gh viuh thou&yhyk lekIr dj tkrs gSaA blds foijhr lekt ds tksad 'kks\"kd iw¡thifr t+jk&t+jk&lh ckrksa ds fy, yk[kksa dk okjk&U;kjk dj nsrs gSaA ;g Hk;kud vlekurk vkSj t+cjnLrh yknk x;k HksnHkko nqfu;k dks ,d cgqr cM+h mFky&iqFky dh vksj fy;s tk jgk gSA ;g fLFkfr vfèkd fnuksa rd o+Qk;e ugha jg ldrhA Li\"V gS fd vkt dk èkfud lekt ,d Hk;kud Tokykeq[kh ds eq[k ij cSBdj jaxjsfy;k¡ euk jgk gS vkSj 'kks\"kdksa ds eklwe cPps rFkk djksM+ksa 'kksf\"kr yksx ,d Hk;kud [kM~M dh dxkj ij py jgs gSaA vkewy ifjorZu dh vko';drk lH;rk dk ;g çklkn ;fn le; jgrs l¡Hkkyk u x;k rks 'kh?kz gh pjejkdj cSB tk;sxkA ns'k dks ,d vkewy ifjorZu dh vko';drk gSA vkSj tks yksx bl ckr dks eglwl djrs gSa mudk dÙkZO; gS fd lkE;oknh fl¼kUrksa ij lekt dk iuq £uek.Z k djAas tc rd ;g ugha fd;k tkrk vkjS eu\"q ; }kjk eu\"q ; dk rFkk ,d jk\"Vª }kjk nwljs jk\"Vª dk 'kks\"k.k] ftls lkezkT;okn dgrs gSa] lekIr ugha dj fn;k tkrk rc rd ekuork dks mlds Dys'kksa ls NqVdkjk feyuk vlEHko gS] vkSj rc rd ;q¼ksa dks lekIr dj fo'o&'kkfUr ds ;qx dk çknqHkkZo djus dh lkjh ckrsa egt <kxas ds vfrfjDr vkjS dNq Hkh ugha gAaS ØkfUr ls gekjk eryc vUrrkxs Rok ,d ,slh lekt&O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk ls gS tks bl çdkj ds ladVksa ls cjh gksxh 338 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vkSj ftlesa loZgkjk oxZ dk vkfèkiR; loZekU; gksxkA vkSj ftlds iQyLo:i LFkkfir gksus okyk fo'o&la?k ihfM+r ekuork dks iw¡thokn ds cUèkuksa ls vkSj lkezkT;oknh ;q¼ dh rckgh ls NqVdkjk fnykus esa leFkZ gks ldsxkA lkef;d psrkouh ;g gS gekjk vkn'kZA vkSj blh vkn'kZ ls çsj.kk ysdj geus ,d lgh rFkk iqjt+ksj psrkouh nh gSA ysfdu vxj gekjh bl psrkouh ij è;ku ugha fn;k x;k vkSj orZeku 'kklu&O;oLFkk mBrh gqbZ tu'kfDr ds ekxZ esa jksM+s vVdkus ls ckt u vk;h rks ØkfUr ds bl vkn'kZ dh iw£r ds fy, ,d Hk;adj ;q¼ dk fNM+uk vfuok;Z gSA lHkh ckèkkvksa dks jkSandj vkxs c<+rs gq, ml ;q¼ ds iQyLo:i loZgkjk oxZ ds vfèkuk;drU=k dh LFkkiuk gksxhA ;g vfèkuk;drU=k ØkfUr ds vkn'kks± dh iw£r ds fy, ekxZ ç'kLr djsxkA ØkfUr ekuotkfr dk tUetkr vfèkdkj gS ftldk vigj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA LorU=krk çR;sd euq\"; dk tUefl¼ vfèkdkj gSA Jfed oxZ gh lekt dk okLrfod iks\"kd gS] turk dh loksZifj lÙkk dh LFkkiuk Jfed oxZ dk vfUre y{; gSA bu vkn'kks± ds fy, vkjS bl fo'okl ds fy, gesa tks Hkh n.M fn;k tk;sxk] ge mldk lg\"kZ Lokxr djsaxsA ØkfUr dh bl iwtk&osnh ij ge viuk ;kSou uSos| ds :i esa yk;s gSa] D;ksafd ,sls egku vkn'kZ ds fy, cM+s ls cM+k R;kx Hkh de gSA ge lUrq\"V gSa vkSj ØkfUr ds vkxeu dh mRlqdrkiwoZd çrh{kk dj jgs gSaA (6 twu] 1929) bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn! cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 339

cedk.M ij gkbdZ kVs Z eas c;ku fnYyh ds ls'ku tt us vlsEcyh ce dsl esa Hkxr¯lg dks vkthou dkjkokl dk n.M fn;k FkkA ykgkSj gkbZdksVZ esa mldh vihy dh x;hA fnYyh vnkyr ds fu.k;Z dh vkykspuk djrs gq, Hkxr¯lg us gkbdZ ksVZ esa ;g nwljk c;ku fn;kA gekjs mís'; ij è;ku nsa ekbZ ykWMZ] ge u odhy gSa] u vaxzst+h fo'ks\"kK gSa vkSj u gekjs ikl fMfxz;k¡ gh gSa] blfy, gels 'kkunkj Hkk\"k.kksa dh vk'kk u dh tk;sA gekjh çkFkZuk gS fd gekjs c;ku dh Hkk\"kk&lEcUèkh =kqfV;ksa ij è;ku u nsrs gq,] mlds okLrfod vFkZ dks le>us dk ç;Ru fd;k tk;sA nwljs reke uqDrksa dks vius odhyksa ij NksM+rs gq, eSa Lo;a ,d eqís ij vius fopkj çdV d:¡xkA ;g eqík bl eqo+Qnes esa cgqr egÙoiw.kZ gSA eqík ;g gS fd gekjh uh;r D;k Fkh vkSj ge fdl gn rd vijkèkh gSaA ;g cM+k isphnk ekeyk gS] blfy, dksbZ O;fDr Hkh vkidh lsok esa fopkjksa ds fodkl dh og Å¡pkbZ çLrqr ugha dj ldrk] ftlds çHkko esa ge ,d [k+kl <ax ls lkspus vkSj O;ogkj djus yxs FksA ge pkgrs gSa fd bls n`f\"V esa j[krs gq, gh gekjh uh;r vkSj vijkèk dk vuqeku yxk;k tk;sA çfl¼ o+Qkuwu&fo'kkjn lkykseu ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks mlds vijkèkh vkpj.k ds fy, ml le; rd lt+k ugha feyuh pkfg,] tc rd mldk mís'; o+Qkuwu&fojksèkh fl¼ u gksA ls'ku tt dh vnkyr esa geus tks fyf[kr c;ku fn;k Fkk] og gekjs mís'; dh O;k[;k Hkh djrk gS vkSj ml :i esa gekjh uh;r dh O;k[;k djrk Fkk] ysfdu ls'ku tt egksn; us o+Qye dh ,d gh uksd ls ;g dgdj fd ¶vkerkSj ij vijkèk dks O;ogkj esa ykus okyh ckr o+Qkuwu ds dk;Z dks çHkkfor 340 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ugha djrh vkSj bl ns'k esa o+Qkuwuh O;k[;kvksa esa dHkh&dHkkj mís'; vkSj uh;r dh ppkZ gksrh gS¸] gekjh lc dksf'k'ksa csdkj dj nhaA ekbZ ykWMZ] bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lq;ksX; ls'ku tt ds fy, mfpr gksrk fd ;k rks vijkèk dk vuqeku ifj.kke ls yxkrs ;k gekjs c;ku dh enn ls euksoSKkfud igyw dk i+QSlyk djrs] ij mUgksaus bu nksuksa esa ls ,d Hkh dke ugha fd;kA fopkj.kh; ckr ;g gS fd vlsEcyh esa geus tks nks ce iQsads] muls fdlh Hkh O;fDr dh 'kkjhfjd ;k vk£Fkd gkfu ugha gqbZA bl n`f\"Vdks.k ls gesa tks lt+k nh x;h gS og dBksjre gh ugha] cnyk ysus dh Hkkouk okyh Hkh gSA ;fn nwljs n`f\"Vdks.k ls ns[kk tk;s rks tc rd vfHk;qDr dh euksHkkouk dk irk u yxk;k tk;s] mlds vlyh mís'; dk irk gh ugha py ldrkA ;fn mís'; dks iwjh rjg Hkqyk fn;k tk;s rks fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds lkFk U;k; ugha gks ldrk] D;ksafd mís'; dks ut+jksa esa u j[kus ij lalkj ds cM+s&cM+s lsukifr lkèkkj.k gR;kjs ut+j vk;saxs] ljdkjh dj olwy djus okys vfèkdkjh pksj] tkylkt fn[kk;h nsaxs vkSj U;k;kèkh'kksa ij Hkh o+QRy djus dk vfHk;ksx yxsxkA bl rjg rks lekt&O;oLFkk vkSj lH;rk [+kwu[k+jkck] pksjh vkSj tkylkth cudj jg tk;sxhA ;fn mís'; dh mis{kk dh tk;s] rks fdlh gqdwer dks D;k vfèkdkj gS fd lekt ds O;fDr;ksa ls U;k; djus dks dgs\\ mís'; dh mis{kk dh tk;s rks gj èkeZçpkjd >wB dk çpkjd fn[kk;h nsxk vkSj gjsd iSx+Ecj ij vfHk;ksx yxsxk fd mlus djksM+ksa Hkksys vkSj vutku yksxksa dks xqejkg fd;kA ;fn mís'; dks Hkqyk fn;k tk;s rks gtjr bZlk elhg xM+cM+ djkus okys] 'kkfUr Hkax djus okys vkSj foæksg dk çpkj djus okys fn[kk;h nsaxs vkSj o+Qkuwu ds 'kCnksa esa ^[k+rjukd O;fDrRo* ekus tk;saxs] ysfdu ge mudh iwtk djrs gSa] muds fy, gekjs fnyksa esa csgn vknj gS] mudh ew£r gekjs fnyksa esa vkè;kfRedrk dk LiUnu iSnk djrh gSA ;g D;ksa\\ ;g blfy, fd muds ç;Ruksa dk çsjd ,d Å¡ps njts dk mís'; FkkA ml ;qx ds 'kkldksa us muds mís'; dks ugha igpkuk] mUgksaus muds ckgjh O;ogkj dks gh ns[kk] ysfdu ml le; ls ysdj bl le; rd mUuhl 'krkfCn;k¡ chr pqdh gSa] D;k geus rc ls ysdj vc rd dksbZ rjD+o+Qh ugha dh\\ D;k ge ,slh x+yfr;k¡ nksgjk;saxs\\ vxj ,slk gks rks ekuuk iM+sxk fd bUlkfu;r dh o+QqckZfu;k¡] cMs+ 'kghnksa ds ç;Ru csdkj jgs vkSj vkt Hkh ge mlh LFkku ij gSa] tgk¡ vkt ls chl 'krkCnh igys Fks\\ o+Qkuwuh n`f\"V ls mís'; dk ç'u [k+kl egÙo j[krk gSA tujy Mk;j dk mnkgj.k yhft;sA mlus xksyh pyk;h vkSj lSdM+ksa fujijkèk vkSj 'kL=kghu cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 341

O;fDr;ksa dks ekj Mkyk] ysfdu i+QkSth vnkyr us mls xksyh dk fu'kkuk cukus dk gqDe nsus dh txg yk[kksa #i;s buke fn;sA ,d vkSj mnkgj.k ij è;ku nhft;s μ Jh [kM~xcgknqj ¯lg us] tks ,d xksj[kk ukStoku gSa] dydÙkk esa ,d vehj ekjokM+h dks Nqjs ls ekj MkykA ;fn mís'; dks ,d rji+Q j[k fn;k tk;s rks [kM~xcgknqj dks ekSr dh lt+k feyuh pkfg, Fkh] ysfdu mls dqN o\"kks± dh lt+k nh x;h vkSj ml vofèk ls Hkh cgqr igys gh eqDr dj fn;k x;kA D;k oQ+ kuuw eas dkbs Z njkj j[kuh Fkh] tks mls ekrS dh ltk+ u nh x;h\\ ;k mlds fo#¼ gR;k dk vfHk;ksx fl¼ u gqvk\\ mlus gekjh gh rjg viuk vijkèk Lohdkj fd;k Fkk] ysfdu mldk thou cp x;k vkSj og LorU=k gSA eSa iwNrk gw¡] mls iQk¡lh dh lt+k D;ksa ugha nh x;h\\ mldk dk;Z t¡pk&rqyk FkkA mlus isphnk <ax dh rS;kjh dh FkhA mís'; dh n`f\"V ls mldk dk;Z gekjs dk;Z dh vis{kk T+;knk ?kkrd vkSj laxhu FkkA mls blfy, cgqr gh uje lt+k feyh D;ksafd mldk eo+Qln usd FkkA mlus lekt dks ,d ,slh tksad ls NqVdkjk fnyk;k] ftlus dbZ ,d lqUnj yM+fd;ksa dk [+kwu pwl fy;k FkkA Jh [kM~xcgknqj ¯lg dks egt o+Qkuwu dh çfr\"Bk cpk;s j[kus ds fy, dqN o\"kks± dh lt+k nh x;hA ;g fl¼kUr fdl o+Qnj x+yr gSA ;g U;k; ds cqfu;knh fl¼kUr dk fojksèk gS] tksfd bl çdkj gS μ ^o+Qkuwu vknfe;ksa ds fy, gS] vkneh o+Qkuwu ds fy, ugha gSA* bl n'kk esa D;k dkj.k gS fd gesa Hkh os fj;k;rsa u nh tk;sa] tks Jh [kM~xcgknqj ¯lg dks feyh FkhaA Li\"V gS fd mls uje lt+k nsrs le; mldk mís'; n`f\"V esa j[kk x;k Fkk] vU;Fkk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks fdlh nwljs dks o+QRy djrk gS] iQk¡lh dh lt+k ls ugha cp ldrkA D;k blfy, gesa vke o+Qkuwuh vfèkdkj ugha fey jgk fd gekjk dk;Z gqdwer ds fo#¼ Fkk ;k blfy, fd bl dk;Z dk jktuhfrd egÙo gS\\ ekbZ ykWMZ] bl n'kk esa eq>s ;g dgus dh vkKk nh tk;s fd tks gqdwer bu dehuh gjdrksa esa vkJ; [kkstrh gS] tks gqdwer O;fDr ds o+Qqnjrh vfèkdkj Nhurh gS] mls thfor jgus dk dksbZ vfèkdkj çkIr ughaA vxj ;g o+Qk;e gS] rks vkjth rkSj ij vkSj gt+kjksa csxqukgksa dk [+kwu bldh xjnu ij gSA ;fn o+Qkuwu mís'; ugha ns[krk] rks U;k; ugha gks ldrk vkSj u gh LFkk;h 'kkfUr LFkkfir gks ldrh gAS vkVs esa laf[k;k (t+gj) feykuk tqeZ ugha] c'krsZ fd bldk mís'; pwgksa dks ekjuk gks] ysfdu ;fn blls fdlh vkneh dks ekj fn;k tk;s] rks ;g o+QRy dk vijkèk cu tkrk gAS fygktk+ ,ls s oQ+ kuuw kas dks tks rdZ ij vkèkkfjr ugha vkjS U;k; ds fl¼kUr ds fo#¼ gSa] lekIr dj nsuk pkfg,A ,sls gh U;k;&fojksèkh o+Qkuwuksa 342 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ds dkj.k cM+s&cM+s Js\"B ckSf¼d yksxksa us cx+kor ds dk;Z fd;s gSaA gekjs eqo+Qnes ds rF; fcYdqy lknk gSaA 8 viSzy] 1929 dks geus ls.Vªy vlsEcyh esa nks ce iQsadsA muds èkekds ls pUn yksxksa dks ekewyh [kjksapsa vk;haA psEcj esa gaxkek gqvk] lSdM+ksa n'kZd vkSj lnL; ckgj fudy x;sA dqN nsj ckn [k+keks'kh Nk x;hA eSa vkSj lkFkh ch-ds- nÙk [k+keks'kh ds lkFk n'kZd xSyjh esa cSBs jgs vkSj geus Lo;a vius dks çLrqr fd;k fd gesa fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;k tk;sA gesa fxjÝr+ kj dj fy;k x;kA vfHk;kxs yxk;s x;s vkjS gR;k djus ds ç;Ru ds vijkèk esa gesa lt+k nh x;h] ysfdu ceksa ls 4&5 vknfe;ksa dks ekewyh pksVsa vk;ha vkSj ,d csap dks ekewyh&lk uqo+Qlku igq¡pk] vkSj ftUgksaus ;g vijkèk fd;k] mUgksaus fcuk fdlh fo+QLe ds gLr{ksi ds viusvki dks fxjÝ+rkjh ds fy, is'k dj fn;kA ls'ku tt us Lohdkj fd;k fd ;fn ge Hkkxuk pkgrs rks Hkkxus esa liQy gks ldrs FksA geus viuk vijkèk Lohdkj fd;k vkSj viuh fLFkfr Li\"V djus ds fy, c;ku fn;kA gesa lt+k dk Hk; ugha gSA ysfdu ge ;g ugha pkgrs fd gesa x+yr rkSj ij le>k tk;sA gekjs c;ku ls dqN iSjkxzki+Q dkV fn;s x;s gSa] ;g okLrfod fLFkfr dh n`f\"V ls gkfudkjd gSA lexz :i esa gekjs oDrO; ds vè;;u ls lki+Q çdV gksrk gS fd gekjs n`f\"Vdks.k ls gekjk ns'k ,d ukT+kqd nkSj ls xqt+j jgk gSA bl n'kk esa dki+Qh Å¡ph vkokt+ esa psrkouh nsus dh t+:jr Fkh vkSj geus vius fopkjkuqlkj psrkouh nh gSA lEHko gS fd ge x+yrh ij gksa] gekjk lkspus dk <ax tt egksn; ds lkspus ds <ax ls fHkUu gks] ysfdu bldk ;g vFkZ ugha fd gesa vius fopkj çdV djus dh LohÑfr u nh tk;s vkSj x+yr ckrsa gekjs lkFk tksM+h tk;saA ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn* vkSj ^lkezkT;okn eqnkZckn* ds lEcUèk esa geus tks O;k[;k vius c;ku esa nh] mls mM+k fn;k x;k gS_ gkyk¡fd ;g gekjs mís'; dk [k+kl Hkkx gSA ^bUo+Qykc ft+Unkckn* ls gekjk og mís'; ugha Fkk] tks vkerkSj ij x+yr vFkZ esa le>k tkrk gSA fiLrkSy vkSj ce bUo+Qykc ugha ykrs] cfYd bUo+Qykc dh ryokj fopkjksa dh lku ij rst+ gksrh gS vkSj ;gh pht+ Fkh ftls ge çdV djuk pkgrs FksA gekjs bUo+Qykc dk vFkZ iw¡thoknh ;q¼ksa dh eqlhcrksa dk vUr djuk gSA eq[; mís'; vkSj mls çkIr djus dh çfØ;k le>s fcuk fdlh ds lEcUèk esa fu.kZ; nsuk mfpr ugha gSA x+yr ckrsa gekjs lkFk tksM+uk lki+Q&lki+Q vU;k; gSA bldh psrkouh nsuk cgqr vko';d FkkA cspSuh jkst+&jkst+ c<+ jgh gSA ;fn mfpr bykt u fd;k x;k] rks jksx [k+rjukd :i ys ysxkA dksbZ Hkh ekuoh; 'kfDr bldh jksdFkke u dj ldsxhA geus bl rwi+Qku dk #[k+ cnyus ds fy, ;g dkjZokbZ dhA ge bfrgkl ds xEHkhj vè;srk gSaA gekjk fo'okl gS fd ;fn cgjksa dks lqukus ds fy, ce dk èkekdk @ 343

lÙkkèkkjh 'kfDr;k¡ Bhd le; ij lgh dkjZokb;k¡ djrha] rks ç+Qkal vkSj :l dh [k+ uw h ØkfUr;k¡ u cjl iMr+ hAa nfq u;k dh dbZ cMh+ &cMh+ gdq ew ras fopkjkas ds riw Q+ ku dks jksdrs gq, [+kwu&[k+jkcs ds okrkoj.k esa Mwc x;haA lÙkkèkkjh yksx ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds çokg dks cny ldrs gAaS ge igyh prs kouh nus k pkgrs Fks vkjS ;fn ge dNq O;fDr;ksa dh gR;k djus ds bPNqd gksrs] rks ge vius eq[; mís'; esa vliQy gks tkrsA ekbZ ykWMZ] bl uh;r (Hkkouk) vkSj mís'; dks n`f\"V esa j[krs gq, geus dkjZokbZ dh vkSj bl dkjZokbZ ds ifj.kke gekjs c;ku dk leFkZu djrs gSaA ,d vkjS uDq rk Li\"V djuk vko';d gAS ;fn geas cekas dh rkoQ+ r ds lEcUèk eas oQ+ rbZ Kku u gksrk] rks ge ia- eksrhyky usg:] Jh dsydj] Jh t;dj vkSj Jh ftUuk tSls lEekuuh; jk\"Vªh; O;fDr;ksa dh mifLFkfr esa D;ksa ce iQsadrs\\ ge usrkvksa ds thou fdl rjg [k+rjs esa Mky ldrs Fks\\ ge ikxy rks ugha gSa\\ vkSj vxj ikxy gksrs rks tsy esa cUn djus ds ctk; gesa ikxy[k+kus esa cUn fd;k tkrkA ceksa ds lEcUèk esa gesa fuf'pr tkudkjh FkhA mlh ds dkj.k geus ,slk lkgl fd;kA ftu csapksa ij yksx cSBs Fks] mu ij ce iQsaduk dgha vklku dke Fkk] ysfdu [k+kyh txg ij ceksa dk iQsaduk fugk;r eqf'dy dke FkkA vxj ce iQdas us okys lgh fnekxk+ as ds u gkrs s ;k os ij's kku (vlUrfq yr) gkrs s rks ce [kk+ yh txg dh ctk; csapksa ij fxjrsA rks eSa dgw¡xk fd [k+kyh txg ds pquko ds fy, tks fgEer geus fn[kk;h] mlds fy, gesa buke feyuk pkfg,A bu gkykr esa] ekbZ ykWMZ] ge lksprs gSa fd gesa Bhd rjg le>k ugha x;kA vkidh lsok esa ge lt+kvksa esa deh djkus ugha vk;s] cfYd viuh fLFkfr Li\"V djus ds fy, vk;s gaSA ge pkgrs gaS fd u rks gels vuqfpr O;ogkj fd;k tk;s] u gh gekjs lEcUèk esa vuqfpr jk; nh tk;sA lt+k dk loky gekjs fy, xkS.k gSA (tuojh] 1930) (ykgkSj gkbZdksVZ ds tfLVl ,l- i+QksMZ us i+QSlys esa fy[kk % ¶;g c;ku dksbZ x+yrh u gksxh fd ;s yksx fny dh xgjkbZ vkSj iwjs vkosx ds lkFk orZeku lekt ds <k¡ps dks cnyus dh bPNk ls çsfjr FksA Hkxr¯lg ,d bZekunkj vkSj lPps ØkfUrdkjh gSaA eq>s ;g dgus esa dksbZ f>>d ugha gS fd os bl LoIu dks ysdj iwjh lPpkbZ ls [kM+s gSa fd nqfu;k dk lqèkkj orZeku lkekftd <k¡ps dks rksM+dj gh gks ldrk gSA os o+Qkuwu ds <k¡ps dh txg euq\"; dh LorU=k bPNk dks LFkkfir djuk pkgrs gSaA vjktdrkokfn;ksa dh lnk ;gh ekU;rk jgh gS] ijUrq tks vijkèk buds vkSj buds lkFkh ij yxk gS] mldh ;g dksbZ li+QkbZ ugha gSA¸ μ l-) 344 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+