Bhagat Singhs writings in Hindi ( PDFDrive )

ebZ] 1931 esa ;g i=k Hkkjrh; çsl esa Ni x;k FkkA bls çdkf'kr djus okyksa esa bykgkckn dk lkIrkfgd ^vH;qn;* vkSj iatkc dk ^dsljh* FkkA23 bl rjg Hkkjrh; turk blls voxr gks ik;h vkSj blus og ç;kstu iwjk fd;k] ftlds fy, ys[kd us bls fy[kk FkkA Hkxr¯lg dh vçdkf'kr jpukvksa esa og Hkwfedk è;ku nsus ;ksX; gS] tks mUgksaus x+nj ikVhZ ds ykyk jke'kj.k dh ;wVksfi;kbZ jpuk ^LoIuyksd* (Mªhey.S M) ds fy, 15 tuojh] 1931 dks fy[kh FkhA ;g iqLrd rks ugha Nih] ysfdu bldh Hkwfedk Hkxr¯lg ds ifjokjokyksa us l¡Hkkydj j[kh gqbZ gSA24 bl Hkwfedk dh vUroZLrq iqLrd ds fo\"k; ls dgha vfèkd O;kid gS % Hkxr¯lg us ?kuhHkrw :i eas vius fopkj O;Dr djus ds fy, rFkk vius lkfFk;kas dks lykg nsus ds fy, bl volj dk ykHk mBk;kA Hkwfedk bl dFku ls vkjEHk gksrh gS fd Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd vkUnksyu dk dksbZ lqLi\"V vkn'kZ ugha gS vkSj bl n`f\"V ls ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu Hkh dksbZ viokn ugha gSA dsoy x+nj ikVhZ us gh viuk vkn'kZ Li\"Vr% fu:fir fd;k Fkk % 'kklu ds x.krU=kh; :i dk leFkZu fd;k FkkA Hkxr¯lg us fy[kk fd ;g lki+Q&lki+Q le>uk pkfg, fd ØkfUr dk vFkZ mFky&iqFky ;k [+kwuh ;q¼ek=k ugha gSA ØkfUr dk vk'k; vfuok;Zr% ,d ,sls dk;ZØe dks ykxw djuk gS] tks u;s rFkk vfèkd vPNs vkèkkj ij lekt dk iquxZBu djsA mUgksaus dgk fd u dsoy okeiUFkh dkaxzslh] cfYd jk\"Vªh; ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu ds çfrfufèk Hkh ¶ØkfUrdkjh¸ dgykus ds vfèkdkjh ugha gSa] D;ksafd la?k\"kZ ds mxz mik;ksa dks ekuuk gh blds fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA ykyk jke'kj.k dh iqLrd dh ppkZ djrs gq, Hkxr¯lg us fy[kk fd ys[kd ml n'kZu ds foospu ls 'kq: djrk gS] ftls og caxky vkSj iatkc ds lkjs ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dk vkèkkj ekurk gAS mUgksaus dgk fd og ys[kd ls lger ugha gS] D;ksafd ys[kd lalkj dh ç;kstuijd vkSj vfèkHkwroknh O;k[;k djrk gS] tcfd og Lo;a HkkSfrdoknh gSaA mUgksaus bZ'oj esa fo'okl vkSj jgL;okn ds fy, ys[kd dh vkykspuk dh] vyx&vyx èkeks± esa lkeatL; fcBkus ds ys[kd ds ç;klksa dks vLohdkj fd;k vkSj bl ç'u ij viuk #[k ekDlZ ds 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k % ¶èkeZ turk ds fy, vi+Qhe gSA¸ ys[kd }kjk fpf=kr Hkkoh lekt dk fo'ys\"k.k djrs gq, Hkxr¯lg us lkekftd çxfr esa ;wVksfi;kbZ fl¼kUrksa dh mi;ksxh Hkwfedk dks Lohdkj fd;k % ¶lsaV&fleksa] iQwfj;s vkSj jkcVZ vksosu vkSj muds fl¼kUrksa ds fcuk ekDlZ dk oSKkfud lektokn fu:fir ugha gks ldrk FkkA¸ mUgksaus bl ckr ij t+ksj fn;k fd Hkkoh lekt dE;qfuLV lekt gksxk] ftlds fuekZ.k ds fy, og vkSj muds 'kghnsvkt+e dh tsy uksVcqd @ 695

lkFkh ç;Ru'khy gSaA ,dkfèkd ckj og lksfo;r :l ds bfrgkl dh vksj mUeq[k g,q ] 'kkjhfjd vkjS ckfS ¼d Je ds fy, leku ikfjJfed rFkk tu f'k{kk ds {k=s k esa mldh uhfr dk mnkgj.k fn;kA Hkkoh lekt esa ;q¼ksa ds mUewyu dh Hkfo\";ok.kh djrs gq, mUgksaus fy[kk fd lksfo;r :l dks loZgkjk vfèkuk;dRo dk ns'k gksus ds dkj.k iw¡thoknh lekt ls viuh j{kk ds fy, i+QkSt j[kuh iM+ jgh gSA Hkxr¯lg dh tsy dh Mk;jh vkSj nwljh lkefxz;k¡] ftu ij ;gk¡ x+kSj fd;k x;k gS] bl ;qok ØkfUrdkjh ds n`f\"Vdks.k dk fodkl fn[kkrh gSaA lkFk gh os bl fygkt+ ls Hkh vewY; gSa fd buesa gesa Hkxr¯lg dh fopkjèkkjkRed [kkstksa dk irk pyrk gS] ge ns[krs gSa fd Hkkjrh; jk\"Vªh; ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dk ekDlZokn dh vksj #>ku Fkk vkSj os ysfuu rFkk vDVwcj ØkfUr ds fopkjksa ls çHkkfor gq, FksA Hkxr¯lg rRdkyhu eè;oxhZ; ukStokuksa dh] tks dkaxzsl ds cqtqZvk usrkvksa ls fujk'k Fks] Hkkoukvksa dk ewrZ :i gSaA bu ukStokuksa dks Hkxr¯lg us ;g fn[kk;k fd mUgsa dkSu&lk jkLrk idM+uk pkfg,A tc bl ØkfUrdkjh dks iQk¡lh ns nh x;h] rks muds mnkgj.k dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, ØkfUrdkjh nyksa us tsy esa gh ekDlZokn ds vè;;u ds fy, ikB~;Øeksa dk çcUèk fd;kA lksfo;r la?k esa gks jgs ØkfUrdkjh dk;kdYi rFkk ikVhZ dk;ZdrkZvksa dks f'kf{kr djus dh mldh fopkjèkkjkRed vkSj jktuhfrd ç.kkyh ls Hkxr¯lg cgqr vkd£\"kr gq,A og vDVwcj ØkfUr ds vuqHko dk çR;{k vè;;u djuk pkgrs Fks vkSj mUgksaus vius lkfFk;ksa ls ,sls ;ksX; mEehnokj pquus dks Hkh dgk] ftUgsa bl mís'; ls ekLdks Hkstk tk ldsA lqfo[;kr LorU=krk lsukuh ckck i`Foh ¯lg vkt+kn us ^ysfuu dh èkjrh esa* uked viuh iqLrd esa fy[kk gS % ¶mu fnuksa Hkxr¯lg tsy esa ekDlZokn&ysfuuokn dk vè;;u dj jgs Fks vkSj mudh ØkfUrdkjh n`f\"V dks ,d u;k] vfèkd ifjiDo vk;ke çkIr gks jgk FkkA og Hkkjr dh LorU=krk rFkk tulkèkkj.k dh 'kks\"k.k ls eqfDr dh leL;k ij vfèkd O;kid ifjçs{; esa iqu£opkj dj jgs FksA og Hkyh Hkk¡fr tkurs Fks fd mUgsa iQk¡lh gksxhA ijUrq 'kghn gksus ls igys og vk'oLr gks tkuk pkgrs Fks fd Hkkjr esa ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu ml u;h voLFkk esa inkiZ.k dj ys] ftldh dYiuk mUgksaus ekDlZoknh fl¼kUrksa vkSj lksfo;r ØkfUr ds vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij dh FkhA¸ vkxs og fy[krs gSa % ¶pUæ'ks[kj vkSj èkUoUrfj us eq>ls dgk % ljnkj Hkxr¯lg tsy esa ekDlZ vkSj ysfuu ds dE;qfuLV n'kZu dk xgjk vè;;u djrs jgs Fks vkjS vius lkfFk;kas dks Hkh bldh çjs .kk nrs s jgs FkAs ---mUgkuas s gh req ls feyus 696 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vkSj rqEgsa bf.M;u lks'kfyLV fjifCydu vkehZ dk lnL; cukdj lksfo;r la?k esa vè;;u ds fy, Hkstus dks dgk FkkA¸ 25 fxjÝ+rkjh ls igys Hkxr¯lg [+kqn Hkh lksfo;r la?k tkdj lektokn ds ns'k dks viuh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kuk pkgrs FksA ^lksfo;r la?k esa uo ekuo* iqLrd esa fot; dqekj flUgk fy[krs gSa % ¶mu fnuksa gh 'kkSo+Qr mLekuh] tks dqN nwljs yksxksa ds lkFk rhljs dE;qfuLV baVjus'kuy dh NBh dkaxzsl esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, pksjh&fNis ekLdks tk jgs Fks] dkuijq eas e>q ls feys vkjS vius lkFk pyus dks dgkA---euaS s Hkxr¯lg ls ckr dh % gesa yxk fd ;g mfpr le; ugha gSA geus r; fd;k fd ge nksuksa dqN le; ckn ekLdks tk;saxsA¸ 26 nqHkkZX;o'k] ;g ;kstuk dHkh lkdkj ugha gks ik;hA dqychj ¯lg us] ftudh Ñik ls eSa muds cM+s HkkbZ Hkxr¯lg dh tsy Mk;jh dk vè;;u dj vkSj mldh uo+Qy mrkj ldk] muds thou rFkk dk;Zdyki ij vf}rh; lkexzh tek dh gS] ftldk ckjho+Qh ls vè;;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,A muds fopkj esa Hkxr¯lg tsy esa dwV Hkk\"kk esa Hkh ,d Mk;jh j[krs Fks] tks vHkh rd ugha fey ik;h gSA Hkxr¯lg ds nwljs HkkbZ] dqyrkj ¯lg Hkh cM+s lkSgknZ ls eq>ls feysA mudh lqiq=kh ohjsUæ flUèkw us mijksDr iqLrd fy[kh gSA blesa og crkrh gaS fd tqykbZ] 1929 esa fnYyh esa eqo+Qnes dh lquokbZ esa Hkxr¯lg us dgk Fkk % ge ml ,sfrgkfld fu\"d\"kZ ij t+ksj nsrs gSa] ftl ij ge igq¡ps gSaA---ftl rjg iQk¡lh ds r[+rs vkSj lkbcsfj;k dh [k+kuksa ds Mj ls :l esa ØkfUr dh Tokyk ugha cq>h] mlh rjg ljdkj ds vkns'k vkSj ¶vlkèkkj.k¸ o+Qkuwu Hkkjr esa LorU=krk laxzke dh Tokyk ugha cq>k ldrsA 21 tuojh] 1930 dks ysfuu dh iq.; frfFk ij Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkFkh yky :eky xys esa ck¡èkdj vnkyr esa vk;sA dV?kjs esa igq¡prs gh mUgksaus ukjs yxk;s % ¶lektoknh ØkfUr ft+Unkckn¸] ¶dE;qfuLV b.Vjus'kuy ft+Unkckn¸] ¶ysfuu dk uke vej gS¸] ¶turk ft+Unkckn¸] ¶lkezkT;okn eqnkZckn¸A blds ckn Hkxr¯lg us og rkj i<+k] tks mUgksaus vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us rhljs b.Vju's kuy dks Hkts us ds fy, vnkyr dks fn;k FkkA bleas dgk x;k Fkk % yfs uu fnol ij ge mu lc yksxksa dk gk£nd vfHkoknu djrs gSa] tks egku ysfuu ds fopkjksa dks vkxs ys tkus ds fy, ç;Ru'khy gSaA :l tks egku ç;ksx dj jgk g]S mleas liQyrk dh dkeuk ge djrs gAaS ge vUrjjk\"Vhª ; etn+ jw vkUnkys u dh vkokt+ esa vkokt+ feykrs gSaA loZgkjk dh thr gksdj jgsxh] iw¡thokn dh gkj gksxhA lkezkT;okn eqnkZcknA Hkkjr esa ,d ,sls O;fDr ls Hkh esjh eqyko+Qkr gqbZ] tks Hkxr¯lg dks iQk¡lh 'kghnsvkt+e dh tsy uksVcqd @ 697

fn;s tkus ls dNq ?k.Vs igys gh muls feys FkAs ;g Fks çk.kukFk esgrk] Hkxr¯lg ds fe=k vkSj odhyA mUgksaus eq>s crk;k % ¶mu fnuksa eSa Mk;jh j[krk Fkk (vius dke ds fy, Hkh eq>s bldh t+:jr gksrh Fkh)A cnfo+QLerh ls 1947 esa ikfVZ'ku ds oD+r eq>s ykgkSj NksM+uk iM+k] esjs dkx+t+kr ogha jg x;s] dqN irk ugha mudk D;k gqvkA ¶cgjgky Mk;fj;k¡ rks [kks x;h gSa] exj mu fnuksa dh ?kVukvksa us esjs fnekx+ ij bruh xgjh Nki NksM+h gS fd mls u oD+r feVk ldk gS] u dksbZ nwljh ?kVuk,A¡ --- ¶23 ekpZ] 1931 dks eq>s og fdrkc fey x;h] tks Hkxr¯lg us e¡xok;h FkhA eSa mlls feyus x;kA tsy ds xsV ij eq>s crk;k x;k fd Hkxr¯lg vkSj mlds nksLrksa us fdlh ls Hkh feyus ls bUdkj dj fn;k gSA otg ;g Fkh fd tsy ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us o+Qjhch fj'rsnkjksa dks NksM+dj vkSj fdlh ls feyus ij ikcUnh yxk nh FkhA blds fojksèk esa Hkxr¯lg vkSj mlds lkfFk;ksa us dgk fd os fdlh ls Hkh ugha feysaxsA ¶dqN djuk pkfg, FkkA eSa tsy ds vfèkdkfj;ksa ls feyus x;kA muesa ,d fe- iqjh usd bUlku fudykA mlus eq>s lykg nh fd rhu o+QSfn;ksa ds odhy ds ukrs eSa vthZ nw¡ fd eq>s mudh vkf[k+jh bPNk fy[kus ds fy, muls feyuk gSA fiQj mlus eq>s Hkxr¯lg dh dkydksBjh esa gh mlls feyus dh btkt+r ns nhA FkksM+h nsj ckn jktxq: vkSj lq[knso dks Hkh ogk¡ yk;k x;kA ¶ml oD+r eq>s ;g irk ugha Fkk fd ykgkSj tsy ds bu rhu o+QSfn;ksa ls ;g esjh vkf[k+jh eqyko+Qkr gS] fd nks ?k.Vs ckn bUgsa iQk¡lh ns nh tk;sxhA ¶Hkxr¯lg us eq>ls iwNk fd eSa fdrkc yk;k gw¡ ;k ughaA eSaus mls fdrkc nh] rks og cM+k [+kq'k gqvkA fdrkc ysrs gq, cksyk % ^vkt jkr dks gh bls [k+Re dj nx¡w k] blls igys fd o-s --* ml cps kjs dks D;k irk Fkk fd og fdrkc vkf[kj+ rd dHkh ugha i<+ ik;sxkA¸ eSaus çk.kukFk esgrk ls iwNk fd mUgsa ml fdrkc dk uke ;kn gS] tks og Hkxr¯lg ds fy, ys x;s FksA mudk tokc Fkk % ¶lp iwNsa] rks eq>s ;kn ugha fd ;g ysfuu ds ckjs esa fdrkc Fkh] ;k ysfuu dhA ,d NksVh&lh fdrkc FkhA- --vxys fnu tsy ds lUrjh us eq>s crk;k fd tc Hkxr¯lg dks fyokus vk;s Fks] rks og ;g fdrkc i<+ jgk FkkA ckn esa Hkxr¯lg esjs fy, tks pht+sa NksM+ x;s Fks] muds lkFk eq>s og fdrkc Hkh feyhA¸ ¶'kk;n mlh lUrjh us]¸ esgrk us vkxs dgk] ¶Hkxr¯lg ds fj'rsnkjksa dks muds vfUre {k.kksa ds ckjs esa crk;kA¸ ohjsUæ flUèkw us viuh iqLrd esa fy[kk gS fd Hkxr¯lg çk.kukFk esgrk dh 698 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

yk;h ysfuu dh thouh i<+ jgs Fks] tc njokt+k [kqykA ngyht ij vi+Qlj [kM+k FkkA ¶^ljnkj th]* mlus dgkA ^iQk¡lh yxkus dk gqDe vk x;k gSA rS;kj gks tkb;As * ¶Hkxr¯lg ds nk;sa gkFk esa fdrkc Fkh] mlls ut+jsa mBk;s fcuk gh mUgksaus ck;k¡ gkFk mBkdj dgk % ^Bgfj;sA ;gk¡ ,d ØkfUrdkjh nwljs ØkfUrdkjh ls fey jgk gSA* ¶dqN iafDr;k¡ vkSj i<+dj mUgksaus fdrkc ,d rji+Q j[k nh vkSj mB [kM+s gq, cksys % ^pfy,!*¸ Hkxr¯lg ds ØkfUrdkjh ny esa ls ,d vkSj deZB ØkfUrdkjh fudyk] tks vkxs pydj Hkkjrh; dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk egklfpo cukA ;g Fks vt; dqekj ?kks\"kA ^Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkFkh* uked iqLrd esa vt; ?kks\"k us fy[kk fd Hkxr¯lg Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd f{kfrt ij vYika'k ds fy, ,d mYdk fi.M dh rjg peds vkSj yqIr gksus ls igys og yk[kksa yksxksa ds fy, ,d u;s Hkkjr dh vkRek vkSj vk'kkvksa dk çrhd cu x;s] mu yksxksa ds fy,] ftUgsa e`R;q dk Mj ugha Fkk] tks lkezkT;oknh vadq'k dks mrkj iQsadus vkSj vius egku ns'k esa ,d LorU=k jkT; dk Hkou [kM+k djus ds fy, ÑrladYi FksA Hkxr¯lg vkjS muds lkfFk;kas tlS s fuMj ØkfUrdkfj;kas dk cfynku O;FkZ ugha FkkA muds ny ds loZJs\"B çfrfufèk bl fu\"d\"kZ ij igq¡ps fd eqV~BhHkj ukStoku ØkfUr ugha yk ldrs] fd cM+s èkhjt vkSj ifjJe ds lkFk tulkèkkj.k ds chp dke djuk pkfg,] yksxksa dks la?k\"kZ ds fy, laxfBr djuk pkfg,] Bksl dk;Zuhfr;k¡ rS;kj djuk] mu ij vey djuk rFkk yksxksa dks lÙkk ds vfUre la?k\"kZ dh vksj ys tkuk pkfg,A (1981) fVIif.k;k¡ 1- v- o- jkbdkso] ^Hkxr¯lg vkSj mudh fopkjèkkjkRed èkjksgj*] ^ujksnh vkt+hb bZ vkÚhdh* (^,f'k;k vkSj vÚhdk ds tux.k*)] vad 1] 1971 (:lh esa) 2- y-o- fe=kkfs [ku] ^yfs uu ds ckjs eas Hkkjr*] ^ukÅdk* (^foKku*) çdk'ku] ekLdk]s 1971] i`\"B 124&130 (:lh esa) 3. M. Windmiller and G.D. Overstreet, Communism in India, Berkley, 1959, p. 240 4- iwjk i=k ifjf'k\"V esa ns[ksa 5. J. Sanyal, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Lahore, 1930, p. 104 lkU;ky dh iqLrd ij vkSifuosf'kd vfèkdkfj;ksa us çfrcUèk yxk fn;k FkkA mYys[kuh; gS 'kghnsvkt+e dh tsy uksVcqd @ 699

fd Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds ckjs esa iqLrdksa] dforkvksa vkSj mudh j{kk dh vihyksa dk fuf\"k¼ lkfgR; dh lwph esa fo'ks\"k LFkku FkkA vesfjdh 'kksèkdrkZ ,u- tsjYM cSfj;j dh iqLrd esa lksyg ,sls çdk'ku fxuk;s x;s gSa (ns[ksa % N. Gerald Barrier, Banned Controversial Literature and Political Control in British India, 1907-1947, pps. 224-225) 6- VkWel tSiQ+jlu (1743&1828) μ vesfjdh jktusrk] 1801&1809 esa la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds jk\"Vªifr 7- T;k¡ tkd :lks (1712&1778) μ ç+Qkalhlh nk'kZfud vkSj çcksèkd 8- VkWel isu (1737&1809) μ vesfjdh vkSj fczfV'k lkekftd ,oa jktuhfrd usrk] çcksèkdksa ds ØkfUrdkjh i{k ds çfrfufèk 9- iSfVªd gsujh (1736&1799) μ vesfjdh jktuhfrK vkSj oDrk 10- dkyZ ekDlZ vkjS çQ+ Ms fjd ,xa Ys l] ^dE;fq uLV ikVhZ dk ?kk\"s k.kk i=k*] 1847&1848 (dk- ekDl]Z çQ+ -s ,xa Ys l] lda fyr jpuk,]¡ rhu [k.Mkas e]as fgUnh lLa dj.k] ekLdk]s çxfr çdk'ku] [k.M 1] Hkkx 1] 1978] i`\"B 152&153) 11- ç+Qs- ,axsYl] ^teZuh esa ØkfUr rFkk çfrØkfUr*] 1851&1852 (dk- ekDlZ] ç+Qs- ,axsYl] ladfyr jpuk,¡] rhu [k.Mksa esa] [k.M 1] Hkkx 2] 1978] i`\"B 103) 12- Oyk- b- yfs uu] ^logZ kjk ØkfUr vkjS xí+ kj dkmRldh*] 1918 (Oyk- b- yfs uu] lda fyr jpuk,¡] nl [k.Mksa esa] [k.M 8] 1984] i`\"B 88 13- Oyk- b- yfs uu] ^logZ kjk ØkfUr vkjS xí+ kj dkmRLdh*] 1918 (Oyk- b- yfs uu] lda fyr jpuk,¡] nl [k.Mksa esa] [k.M 8] 1984] i`\"B 137) 14. J. Sanyal, Sardar Bhagat Singh, Lahore, 1930, p. 104 15- Ibid., p. 103. ohjUs æ flUèkw us viuh iLq rd eas fy[kk gS fd Hkxr¯lg :lh ØkfUr dk]s mlus tks jkLrs r; fd;s Fks vkSj tks urhts gkfly fd;s Fks] mudks le> ikus ds fy, jkr fnu ç;kl djrs jgs 16. N. K. Singh, The impact of the Marxist ideas on Indian Revolutionary Movement after the October Revolution, Mitteilgen des Institus fur Orientforschung, BD. XVII, H. 2, 1971, S. 248 17. G. Deol, The Ghadarites and Shaheed Bhagat Singh, Peoples Path, March 1968 18. S.S. Josh, Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, New Delhi, 1970, pp. 61 and 62 19. Peoples Path, June 1968, p. 17 20. N. K. Singh, The Impact of the Marxist Ideas on Indian Revolutionary Movement after the October Revolution., p. 247 21. Ibid., p. 71 22. B. Hardas, Armed Struggle for Freedom, Poona, 1958. pp. 383-389 23. M. N. Gupta, History of the Indion Revolutionary Movement, Bombay-New Delhi, 1972, p. 132 24- bl Hkwfedk dk lkjka'k ^¯yd* us 24 vxLr] 1969 ds vad esa Nkik FkkA 25. Baba Prithvi Singh Azad, In Lenin's Land, New Delhi, 1978, pp. 29, 32 and 35 26. Bejoy Kumar Sinha, the New Man in The Soviet Union, Peoples Publishing House, New Delhi, 1971, p. 2 700 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

[k.M rhu vk;fj'k LorU=krk&lxa kz e (vk;jyS.M ds çfl¼ ØkfUrdkjh MkWu czhu dh vkRedFkk ^ekbZ i+QkbV i+QkWj vk;fj'k ç+QhMe* dk fgUnh vuqokn) vuqoknd Hkxr¯lg



çFke ifjPNns iow fZs rgkl ml le; fczfV'k ik£y;kes.V esa ^vk;fj'k&gkse :y&fcy* ikl gks pqdk FkkA mls fØ;kRed :i nsus esa vaxzst+ rks vkukdkuh djrs gh Fks] mÙkj&vk;fj'k fuoklh vkSjsat okyksa us Hkh ?kks\"k.kk dj nh fd ml fcy dk O;ogkj fd;k x;k vkSj Mcfyu esa vk;fj'k ik£y;kes.V [kM+h dj nh x;h rks os mldk gj rjg ls fojksèk djsaxs] ;gk¡ rd fd 'kL=kksa ds ç;ksx ls Hkh u >saisaxsA vaxzst+ Vksjh ny dh lgk;rk ls mu yksxksa us] blh mís'; ls] vius LosPNk&lsodksa dks iw.kZ:i ls laxfBr rFkk 'kL=kksa ls lqlfTtr djuk Hkh 'kq: dj fn;kA mudks ns[krs gh vk;fj'k n's kHkDrkas ds ân; eas Hkh viuk LoPs Nk&los d l?a k cukus dh çcy bPNk tkx`r gks mBhA mUgksaus blds fy, ns'kokfl;ksa ls vihy dh vkSj vk;fj'k yksxksa us Hkh iwjh rRijrk fn[kk;hA xr egk;q¼ ds fNM+rs le; vk;jyS.M esa rhu lSfud&la?k fo|eku FksA ,d rks iwoksZDr mÙkj fuoklh vkSjsat okyksa dk] nwljk vk;fj'k ns'kHkDrksa dk vk;fj'k fjifCydu (çtkrU=k) LosPNk&lsod&la?k vkSj rhljk fczfV'k lsuk (British Party of Occupation); vk;fj'k yksxksa dk usr`Ro rFkk çfrfufèkRo ik£y;kes.V ds lnL; tkWu jSMek.M rFkk muds vuq;kf;;ksa ds gkFk esa FkkA ;g dV~Vj n's kHkDr rks Fks ijUrq egk;¼q ds fNMr+ s gh mUgkuas s vxa tsz k+ as dk i{k ys fy;kA vkSjsat okyksa us Hkh vaxzst+ksa dh iw.kZ :i ls lgk;rk dh vkSj mèkj vk;fj'k LosPNk&lsod&la?k esa erHksn gks x;kA cgqr ls yksx tkdj fczfV'k lsuk esa Hkjrh gks x;sA ml le; cgqr FkksM+s ,sls cps ftUgsa fd vaxzst+ksa ds ^NksVh tkfr;ksa ds LoRoksa rFkk lfUèki=kksa dh ifo=krk dh j{kk ds fy, ;q¼ esa lfEefyr gksuk* vkfn eèkqj okD; iFkHkz\"V u dj ldsA os ,sls ohj Fks ftudk ,dek=k vkn'kZ] vfopy fo'okl vkSj vVy vk'kk dsoy LorU=krk&çkfIr FkhA eSa 1914 esa fVçsjh uxj ls pkj ehy dh nwjh ij fLFkr Mksuksfgy xk¡o ds LosPNk&lsodksa esa lfEefyr gqvk FkkA mu FkksM+s yksxksa esa] ftUgksaus ml le; Hkh vk;jyS.M ekrk dk vapy NksM+uk Lohdkj u fd;k Fkk] gekjk NksVk&lk ny Hkh FkkA lSfud&i+Q.M esa lgk;rk nsus rFkk Hkjrh ds fojksèk djus ds dkj.k iqfyl dh n;k&n`f\"V eq> ij iM+h vkSj eq>s Hkh og ml le; dgha&dgha ik;s tkus vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 703

okys Hk;adj tUrq] flufiQuj] le>us yxhA ckn esa mUgksaus vikj Ñik dj eq>s ^gR;kjksa ds jktk* dh cgqr Å¡ph inoh çnku dj nh FkhA ge yksx lIrkg esa ,d&nks ckj taxy esa ,df=kr gksdj dok;n rFkk fjokYoj pykus vkfn dk vH;kl djrs vkSj volj ikrs gh tgk¡ dgha ls cu iM+rk fjokYoj mM+kus esa Hkh u pwdrs FksA 1916 ds bZLVj foæksg dh fu\"iQyrk dk gekjs dk;ZØe ij cgqr çHkko iM+kA ns'kHkj dk laxBu fNUu&fHkUu gks x;k vkSj ljdkj us mls x+Sj&o+Qkuwuh ?kksf\"kr dj fn;kA ijUrq tks yksx ml le; iqfyl dh Øwj n`f\"V ls cp fudys] mUgksaus 'kh?kz gh Mcfyu esa nks xqIr lfefr;k¡ LFkkfir dj yha vkSj laxBu dk;Z çkjEHk dj fn;kA gesa Hkh viuk dk;Z xqIr :i ls gh djuk iM+kA gekjh la[;k Hkh cgqr de gks x;hA ,d ckj rks ;gk¡ rd ukScr vk;h fd dsoy ge rhu gh O;fDr 'ks\"k jg x;sA rks Hkh eSa vkSj esjs lgdkjh Jh lhuVªhlh (Sean Treasy) cM+h rRijrk ls dk;Z djrs jgsA èkhjs&èkhjs gekjh la[;k rsjg rd igq¡p x;hA os lHkh cM+s n`<+&çfrK] vnE; lkglh rFkk fuHkhZd ns'kHkDr FksA ge pqipki mudk f'k{k.k djrs jgsA mudks fMªy rFkk fjokYoj vkfn dk vH;kl djk;k tkrkA lkèkkj.kr;k ge vaxzst+ lSfudksa dh iqLrdksa ds vkèkkj ij gh lc vH;kl fd;k djrs] dHkh&dHkh ,dne Hkksys n'kZd cudj vaxzst+ lSfudksa dk fMªy vkSj ijsM vkfn ns[kk djrs vkSj cM+h Hkwysa dj tkrsA ijUrq gekjh rRijrk mu lc vlqfoèkkvksa ij fot; ikrhA 1917 rd blh rjg dk;Z pyrk x;kA lu~ 1917 ds vxLr esa fiQj geus [kqYye[kqYyk ijsM dj nhA Jh ,eu Mh- oSyjk (Emon de Valera) dk tksfd vHkh&vHkh yqbZl tsy ls NwV dj vk;s Fks] fVçsjh uxj dh ,d lkoZtfud lHkk esa Hkk\"k.k gqvkA ml le; ge ;wuhiQkeZ (onhZ) igudj] jk;i+Qyksa ds LFkku ij ykfB;k¡ mBkdj muds 'kjhj&j{kd cus FksA gekjs lkgl dks ns[kdj 'k=kq 'kk;n brus pfdr u gksaxs ftrus fd gekjs fe=kA tulkèkkj.k dh n`f\"V esa ml fnu geus rhu çdkj ls ljdkjh vkKkvksa dk mYya?ku fd;kA igys rks onhZ iguuk euk FkkA nwljs ekfp±x djrs gq, pyuk Hkh cUn fd;k tk pqdk Fkk vkSj vHkh dqN fnu igys yksxksa dk ykBh mBkuk Hkh fu\"ksèk dj fn;k x;k FkkA blfy, ml fnu fu;ekuqlkj lfefr dh lHkk u cqykdj] ,d yEck&pkSM+k çLrko ikl fd;s fcuk gh] tks geus ,slk dj fn;k Fkk] ;g fe=k&e.Myh ds fy, vlá gks mBkA flufiQu yksxksa ds lkoZtfud foHkkx us gesa th Hkjdj dkslk] ijUrq pqipki lc lgu djrs jgs vkSj vius dk;Z esa tqVs jgsA mèkj 'k=kqvksa us Hkh dksbZ dlj mBk u j[khA esjs rFkk Jh Vªhlh ds okj.V fudkys x;sA ij gesa lezkV dk vkfrF; ,dne vLohdkj Fkk] vr% ge 704 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

bèkj&mèkj fe=kksa ds ?kjksa eas fnu fcrkus yxsA ;fn ml le; ds tsyksa dks foæksg&fo'ofo|ky; (University of the Rebels) dgsa rks vuqfpr u gksxkA cgqr&ls yksx ogha ls fMªy rFkk ce cukus dh f'k{kk ikdj vkrs FksA Jh Vªhlh dks ml le; nks o\"kZ dkjkxkj feyk] ftlesa ls ckn esa lksyg eghus ?kVk fn;s x;s FksA mu fnuksa dksVZ esa Hkh [+kwc fnYyxh jgrhA vfHk;qDr xokfg;ksa ds le; ;k rks lekpkji=k i<+us esa bl rjg tqV tkrs ekuks fdlh Dyc esa cSBs gSa] vFkok eèkqj laxhr vykirs gq, mls laxhr fo|ky; cuk nsrsA tsy esa o+QSfn;ksa ds lkFk fd;s tkus okys nqO;Zogkj ds dkj.k Jh Vªhlh rFkk vU; jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa us vu'ku 'kq: dj fn;kA ijUrq ljdkj ds fny ij rc rd dksbZ çHkko u gqvk] tc rd fd ,d o+SQnh dek.Ms.V Vke vkf'k] cyiwoZd Hkkstu f[kykus ds ç;Ru esa ijyksd u flèkkj x;s] vkSj leLr ns'k esa Øksèk dh vkx u HkM+d mBhA bl rjg ds cfynkuksa ls tc yksxksa esa cgqr mÙkstuk iQSyh rc dgha ljdkj le>kSrs ij jkth gqbZ vkSj rHkh gekjs jktuhfrd o+QSfn;ksa dks lkaxzkfed cUnh (War Prisoners) ekuk x;kA vknr ls etcwj fczfV'k ljdkj us lfUèk dh 'krs± fiQj rksM+ Mkyha vkSj Jh Vªhlh dks fiQj vu'ku 'kq: djuk iM+kA ijUrq ckn esa os 'kh?kz gh NksM+ fn;s x;sA bèkj ifjfLFkfr vuqdwy gksus ds dkj.k gekjk lSfud laxBu 1916 ls Hkh vfèkd lqn`<+ rFkk lqfoLr`r gks x;kA Jh lhu Vªhlh us vkrs gh bl ckr ij t+ksj nsuk 'kq: fd;k fd vc gesa lc dk;Z [kqYye&[kqYyk djuk pkfg,A ;g è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg, fd 'kL=kksa vkfn ds j[kus dk cgqr çcy fu\"ksèk fd;k x;k Fkk] vr% gesa xqIr mik;ksa ls gh 'kL=k&laxzg djuk iM+rk FkkA cfYd fMªy rFkk laxBu&dk;Z Hkh xqIr gh :i ls djuk iM+rk Fkk] ijUrq Vªhlh egksn; ds vkxzg ls tc gekjk dke [kqYye&[kqYyk 'kq: gqvk] rks os cspkjs fiQj idM+s x;sA ;g 1918 dh ckr gSA egk;q¼ esa vaxzst+ eq¡g dh [kk jgs FksA teZuksa dk lcls cM+k vkØe.k rFkk vxa tsz k+ as dh lcls cMh+ ijkt; mlh le; gbq Z FkhA ml le; vxa tsz k+ as us vk;jyS.M esa t+cjnLrh lsuk Hkjrh djus dh ckr ij t+ksj fn;kA mudh fpYy&ikSa lqudj vkSj rS;kfj;k¡ ns[kdj leLr ns'k esa gks&gYyk ep x;kA LosPNk&lsod&la?k ds lnL;ksa dh la[;k mÙkjksÙkj c<+us yxhA gekjs ikl deh dsoy 'kL=kksa dh FkhA mlds fy, gekjs dk;ZdrkZvksa us mu yksxksa dh lwph rS;kj dj yh ftuds ikl 'kL=k jgrs FksA ge jkf=k esa mu yksxksa ds ?kjksa esa pys tkrs] vkjS os piq pki vius 'kL=k gekjs liq nq Z dj nrs As dNq ,d us rks geas fueU=k.k nds j cqyk HkstkA gesa bl dk;Z esa fdlh Hkh fo'ks\"k #dkoV o ckèkk dk lkeuk ugha djuk iM+kA ihNs vaxzst+ksa us lHkh yksxksa ls 'kL=k ykSVkus 'kq: dj fn;s] ijUrq geus cM+h rRijrk ls viuk dk;Z tkjh j[kkA vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 705

t+cjnLrh dh tkus okyh Hkjrh ds fojksèk esa ge ;q¼ dh rS;kfj;k¡ djus yxsA mèkj fL=k;ksa rFkk ckydksa ds Hkh la?k LFkkfir gks x;s] tks gj le; gesa lgk;rk nsus dks rS;kj jgrs FksA geus uo+Qyh yM+kb;k¡ yM+uh Hkh 'kq: dj nhaA geus dbZ ckj fVçsjh uxj ij vkØe.k djus rFkk mldh j{kk djus dk vfHku; fd;k vkSj fiQj dbZ lM+dksa rFkk ckt+kjksa dks i+QkSth {ks=k (Military Area) ?kksf\"kr dj fn;k] tgk¡ ij fd vaxzst+ksa ds tkus dk Hkh fu\"ksèk dj fn;k tkrk FkkA ,sls voljksa ij ge jk;i+Qysa vkfn ugha ys tkrs Fks D;ksafd muds fNu tkus dh vk'kda k FkhA ijUrq ejs s tlS s dbZ O;fDr fo'k\"s k dkj.kkas ls viuk fjokYoj gj le; vius ikl j[krs FksA ljdkj dks viuh ckr ij O;ogkj djus dk lkgl gh u gvq k vkjS èkhj&s èkhjs mldk ;g fopkj <hyk gkus s yxkA mlds bl fopkj ds <hyk gksrs gh gekjk laxBu Hkh <hyk gksus yxkA os yksx] tks ;q¼ {ks=k dh Hkh\"k.krk rFkk ekspks± dh Hk;adjrk ls =kLr gks mBs Fks] vkSj ogk¡ ls cpus ek=k ds fopkj ls gh gekjs la?k esa vk feys Fks] vc gesa NksM+dj pyrs cusA ihNs FkksM+s gh O;fDr cp jgs ijUrq os cM+s n`<+ FksA mèkj cspkjs lhu Vªhlh M.MYd tsy esa vu'ku dk et+k ywV jgs FksA ij gekjh n;kyq ljdkj dks mudh ¯dfpr ek=k Hkh fpUrk u gqbZA ge le> x;s fd ljdkj mUgsa Hkw[kksa ejus nsuk pkgrh gSA geas 'kh?kz gh dqN u dqN djus dh vko';drk eglwl gqbZA eq>s cM+h nwj dh lw>hA D;ksa u ,d flikgh dks èkj idM+sa vkSj mls vu'ku ozr dk et+k mBkus dks foo'k djsa\\ lHkh lkfFk;ksa us esjs fnekx+ dh [+kwc nkn nh vkSj bls fØ;kRed :i nsus dh fpUrk djus yxs ijUrq vk;fj'k çtkrU=k Hkzkr`e.My (Irish Republican Brotherhood) ds yksxksa us gekjh ;kstuk dks liQy u gksus fn;kA geus Hkh muls viuk lEcUèk rksM+ fy;kA tqykbZ 1918 esa Vªhlh NwV vk;sA çtk rFkk laxBu ds lEcUèk esa bl ckj os cM+h&cM+h ;kstuk,¡ lkspdj vk;sA ijUrq eq>s çpkj rFkk laxBu dk iwjk vuqHko gks pqdk FkkA eSa bu 'kq\"d dk;ks± esa flj iQksM+us dh ctk; ;q¼ NsM+us dh fpUrk esa FkkA eSaus viuk ;g eUrO; mlds lkeus j[kkA ij mUgksaus ft+n dh vkSj bl dkj.k ge vius gh erkuqlkj vyx dk;Z djus yxsA nlw jk ifjPNns foæksg&Hkou (dqVh) Jh lhu Vªhlh vius laxBu dk;Z eas tqV x;s vkSj eSaus Jh iSfVªdD;ksg ds lkFk ce i+QSDVjh cuk yhA ge nksukas esa vko';d rFkk vuko';d ckrksa ij [khapkrkuh 706 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gks tkrh vkSj Jh Vªhlh vkdj gekjh lqyg djok;k djrs FksA i+QSDVjh 'kCn cgqr cM+k gSA ^ce i+QSDVjh* lqurs gh ikBd Øqi (Krupp) vkfn fdlh Hkkjh dkj[+kkus dh dYiuk u djus yxsaA og ,d lkèkkj.k xzkeh.k dqfV;k FkhA gekjk lkeku Hkh ekewyh gh FkkA lkèkkj.k xu ikmMj (ck:n) cukuk rks vklku dke gS gh] ge ce Hkh ,sls lknk&ls gh cuk ysrs Fks] ftUgsa iQsadus ls igys iyhrk yxkus dh vko';drk gqvk djrhA gesa tgk¡ ls Hkh ftl fdlh rjg ds dkjrwl fey tkrs_ ys ysrs vkSj fiQj mUgsa LosPNkuqlkj Hkj ysrsA esjk vkSj iSfVªd dk >xM+k bl ckr ij Hkh gks tkrk fd mlesa flDds dh pkj vFkok vkB xksfy;k¡ Mkyh tk;saA 'kL=k&laxzg dk gekjk dk;Z Hkh mlh rjg tkjh jgkA 'k=kq ls esjh igys eqBHksM+ rHkh gqbZ] tc ,d jkr dks ge vius 'kL=k&laxzg lEcUèkh ,d Nkis ls ykSV jgs FksA ge yksx fVçsjh ls ?kj tk jgs Fks fd esjh lkbfdy dh gok fudy x;hA eSa vius lkfFk;ksa dks vkxs pyus dks dg Lo;a mls iEi ls Hkjus yxkA lkeus gh iqfyl dh cSjd FkhA tc eSa mBk rks eSaus vuqHko fd;k fd dksbZ O;fDr eq>s idM+dj [khap jgk gSA eqM+k rks ,d iqfyleSu dks [kM+k ik;kA esjs gkFk esa rkyk rksM+us dh ,d lyk[k FkhA mldh 'kfDr dh vkt+ekb'k ml fnu mlh ds flj ij dhA og i`Foh ij fxj iM+k vkSj fiQj eSaus viuk fjokYoj l¡Hkkydj 'ks\"k flikfg;ksa ds lkeus rku fn;k vkSj cksy mBk μ ¶gkFk mBk yks] ojuk vHkh fBdkus yxkrk gw¡A¸ (gkFk mBk nks ds ek;us vèkhurk Lohdkj djuk gksrk Fkk) LokHkkfod fuHkhZdrk ds dkj.k os yksx ogha [kM+s jg x;s vkSj eSa ykSVdj nwljs jkLrs ls i+QSDVjh esa tk igq¡pkA ,d fnu eaS d,q ¡ ij ikuh [khpa jgk Fkk] fd ,dk,d èkekds dk 'kCn luq k;h fn;kA ns[kk rks gekjh i+QSDVjh (dkj[+kkuk) dh Nr vkdk'k esa mM+h tk jgh Fkh vkSj dqfV;k esa vkx yx jgh FkhA eSa ?kcjk;k fd cspkjs D;ksg dk D;k gqvk gksxk]vkSj mUgsa cslqèk iM+k ik;kA mUgsa mBkdj fudVorhZ unh ds rV ij ys x;k vkSj Mksy ls muds eq¡g ij ikuh Mkyus yxkA FkksM+h gh nsj ckn mUgsa lkeus [kM+k ik;k] ¶csodwi+Q] xèks] ukyk;d] D;k rqe eq>s bl rjg Mqcks Mkyksxs\\¸ vkfn&vkfn u tkus D;k&D;k eèkjq okD; mPpkj.k djrs g,q os e>q ij ?kl¡w k rkuus yxsA rc i+QSDVjh dh fpUrk u dj ge [+kwc g¡lsA ij ;g ge ij ,d otzikr gh gqvk FkkA dbZ fnu ckn rd cM+h fpUrk jghA ge nksuksa ,dne nfjæ gks x;s FksA gekjs ikl ,d Hkh iSlk u FkkA ?kj okys dk ?kj rS;kj djk nsus dh vyx fpUrk FkhA lHkh lkfFk;ksa us feydj mldh Nr cuk Mkyh vkSj fiQj rks og dqfV;k cM+h vPNh fn[kus yxhA dqN nsj ckn iqfyl us Hkh bl cspkjh dqfV;k ij euekuk vR;kpkj dj gekjk cnyk fudkyus dh ps\"Vk dh FkhA dqN fnuksa ckn geus ?kj cny fy;kA nwljs ?kj esa gekjh n'kk igys ls Hkh cM+h 'kkspuh; vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 707

jghA gesa nks dEcy Hkh ek¡xdj mèkkj ysus iM+s vkSj uhps ds fy, ?kkl gh dki+Qh le>h x;hA dbZ dbZ fnu rd vYikgkj dk vH;kl Hkh djuk iMk+ A lkèkkj.kr;k mcys gq, pkoyksa ij gh xqt+kjk djuk iM+rkA lcls cM+h eqf'dy rks pwgksa ds dkj.k FkhA os dEc[+r vki+Qr ds ijdkys FksA dHkh&dHkh jkr dks vk¡[k [kqyrh rks D;k ns[krs fd flj ds ckyksa esa pwgk iQ¡lk gqvk gSA tc dHkh eSa mUgsa Hkxkus ij mrk: gksrk] rks >V ^fo'o çseh* Vªhlh egksn; vR;Ur xEHkhjrk ls mins'k >kM+us yxrs] ¶ns[kks HkkbZ] rqEgsa rks lq[k feysxk ugha] bUgsa rks eu dh ekSt+ djus nksA t+jk d\"V Hkh gks rks 'kkfUr ls lgu djksA¸ gesa Hkh dguk iM+rk] ¶vjs HkkbZ! flikfg;ksa us gh ukdksa ne dj j[kk gSA ;fn ;s Hkys gksa tks gesa vius gky ij NksM+ nsaA¸ blh rjg fnu dV jgs FksA ckn eas D;kgs egk'k; Hkh pys x;As muds LFkku ij ,d r#.k Jh lhu gkxu vk x;sA fiQj mudk vkSj esjk cgqr ?kfu\"V lEcUèk jgkA mijksDr nksuksa lhu vkSj eSa] ,d nwljs dks bruk I;kj djrs Fks fd fofHkUu 'kjhjksa ds jgus ij Hkh ge esa ,d gh vkRek dk vfLrRo eku fy;k tkrk tks vuqfpr u gksrkA ckn esa Jh jkfcUlu Hkh vk feysA os Hkh ge rhuksa ds lkFk ?kqy&feydj ,d gks x;sA gekjh vk'kk,¡] gekjk vkn'kZ] gekjs thouksa dk mís'; ogh ,dek=k vk;fj'k LorU=krk dh çkfIr FkhA ge dsoy vk;jyS.M ds fy, thrs FksA ge cSBs&cSBs ?k.Vksa Hkkoh LokrU=; ;q¼ dh dYiuk,¡ fd;k djrs FksA Hkkoh egku LorU=k vk;jyS.M dh ckrsa lksp&lkspdj gesa fdruk vkuUn gksrk] ge mldh dYiuk ek=k ls iqyfdr gks mBrs FksA dqN fnuksa ckn gesa mijksDr ?kj [k+kyh dj nsus dk uksfVl ns fn;k x;kA D;k djrs_ lkèkkj.k fdjk;snkjksa ds vfèkdkj Hkh rks geas çkIr u FksA pqipki ?kj NksM+ nsuk iM+kA ge yksx Jh gkxu ds ,d cUèkq ds iQkeZ esa tk fVds iqfyl dh ut+j ls ge ;gk¡ Hkh u cp ik;sA mUgksaus mls dybZ [kkuk dk uke ns fn;k FkkA gekjh vk£Fkd n'kk cM+h 'kkspuh; FkhA oS;fDrd vko';drk,¡ rks ge tSls cu iM+rh] iwjh dj gh ysrs ijUrq ckgj vkus&tkus esa cM+h vlqfoèkk gksrhA ,d ckj eq>s vkSj Jh Vªhlh dks Mcfyu rd (110 ehy) ckbfldyksa ij gh tkuk iM+kA gekjs ikl HkkM+k ugha FkkA jfookj lk;adky ds 6 cts viuh ,d lHkk esa cqyk;s x;s Fks vkjS lkes okj dks çkr% 8 cts geas Mcfyu igp¡q uk t:+ jh FkkA rks Hkh ge Mcfyu Bhd le; ij igq¡p x;sA vkxkeh 'kfuokj rd gesa ogha Bgjuk iM+kA mèkj 'kfuokj dks lk;adky vè;{k lfefr dh ,d cSBd mlh fnu gksus okyh Fkh] ogk¡ ij Hkh gekjk igp¡q uk cgrq t:+ jh FkkA vr% 6 fjokYoj] 500 dkjrlw vkjS ,d ntuZ ce ysdj ge nksuksa ogk¡ ls py fn;s vkSj Bhd le; ij fVçsjh vk igq¡psA egk;q¼ dk vUr gks x;k FkkA 'kL=k NksM+ fn;s tk pqds FksA ,d lIrkg ckn 708 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

?kks\"k.kk dj nh x;h fd vk;jyS.M dk fpj&LFkfxr pquko fnlEcj esa gksxkA ogk¡ ;q¼ ds fnuksa esa ;g pquko u gqvk FkkA bl vUrj esa yksxksa ds Hkko cgqr cny x;s FksA mudk baXyS.M rFkk ik£y;kes.V ij dksbZ fo'okl u jgk FkkA os tkurs Fks fd vk;jyS.M ds vYila[;d lnL;ksa dh ogk¡ ds uD+o+Qkj[k+kus esa dksbZ ugha lqurkA os vius lnL;ksa dks ogk¡ Hkstuk O;FkZ le>rs FksA [k+Sj! vc ds pquko ds fy, flufiQuj mEehnokj [kM+s fd;s x;s rkfd os ik£y;kes.V dk cfg\"dkj dj nsaA dqN eghus [+kwc t+ksj jgkA ge yksx Hkh viuk dk;Z NksM+dj flufiQuj mEehnokjksa dh liQyrk ds fy, ç;Ru djus yxsA cM+s&cM+s oDrkvksa us ns'kHkj esa thou lapkfjr dj fn;kA ns'k esa [+kwc tkx`fr Fkh] cM+k tks'k FkkA 105 esa ls 73 flufiQuj mEehnokj liQy gq,] ftUgksaus fczfV'k ik£y;kes.V rd u tkdj Mcfyu esa çtkrkfU=kd ns'k ik£y;kes.V LFkkfir dj yhA ml ik£y;kes.V dh igyh cSBd 21 tuojh] 1919 dks gqbZA ml fnu mUgksaus LorU=krk dh ?kks\"k.kk dh rFkk vU; LorU=k tkfr;ksa ds uke eS=kh ds lUns'k HkstsA Bhd mlh fnu gekjs NksVs ls ny us ,d cM+k Hkkjh dk;Z dj fn;kA og ^lksyksgSMcsx ?kVuk* ds uke ls çfl¼ gSA mldk C;kSjk vxys ifjPNsn esa fn;k tk;sxkA ckr ;g Fkh fd mijksDr pquko ds dkj.k gekjk dk;Z cgqr <hyk iM+ x;k FkkA cgqr&ls dk;ZdrkZ vc ;ks¼k vFkok lSfud u jgdj jktuhfrK cu x;sA fnuksafnu vius lSfudksa dks <hyk gksrk ns[kdj] geus mUgsa t+ksj&'kksj ls dk;Z esa tqVk nsus dk fu'p; fd;kA dbZ ckj eSaus bl ckjs esa Jh Vªhlh ls ijke'kZ Hkh fd;kA vkf[k+j og volj Hkh fey gh x;k] ftl fnu fd geus vaxzst+ksa ds fo#¼ ;q¼ çkjEHk dj fn;kA rhljk ifjPNns foLiQksVd dh ywV] vktk+ nh dh txa dk Jhx.k's k tuojh] 1919 ds vkjEHk esa gesa irk pyk fd lksyksgSMcsx dh [k+ku dh rji+Q ljdkjh foLiQksVd inkFkZ Hksts tk;saxsA eSaus rqjUr Vªhlh ls tkdj dgk fd vc fpj&çrhf{kr LokrU=;&;¼q dks çxfr'khy djus dk le; vk igp¡q k g]S vkjS ;g cM+k lqUnj volj gS ftldk lnqi;ksx djus esa gesa pwduk u pkfg,A eSa rc ;g Hkwyk u Fkk fd gekjs lSfudksa dh la[;k cgqr gh de Fkh vkSj gesa egku 'kfDr'kkyh 'k=kq ls lkeuk djuk FkkA ijUrq ;g Hkh fo'okl Fkk fd ;q¼ fNM+rs vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 709

gh gekjh la[;k c<+us yxsxh vkSj dk;Z gksrs ns[k ;qod gekjs vklikl vk ,d=k gksaxsA xuheh ;q¼ (Guerilla Warfare) esa la[;k ds ctk; n`<+rk rFkk xq.kksa dk vkfèkD; vko';d rFkk ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA çLrko LohÑr gqvkA lcus feydj ;gh fu'p; fd;k fd ml fnu igjsnkj flikfg;ksa dks fu'kL=k dj foLiQksVd inkFkZ Nhu fy, tk;saA ?kkr dk LFkku Hkh fuf'pr dj fy;k x;kA lksyksgSMcsx] fVçsjh uxj ls yxHkx 2) ehy dh nwjh ij gSA fyEedZ taD'ku ogk¡ ls ,d ehy ds yxHkx gksxkA mls pkjksa vksj ls dqfV;k] ckM+s vkfn ?ksjs gq, Fks] ijUrq Mkscksfgy ds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ xk¡o fudV ugha Fkk] vkSj og Hkh 1) ehy dh nwjh ij FkkA [k+ku dh vksj tkus okyh lM+d ds nksuksa vksj [kkb;k¡ Fkha vkSj muesa >kfM+;k¡ mx jgh FkhaA nqHkkZX;o'k gesa fuf'pr frfFk dk irk u yx ldkA ge le>rs Fks fd foLiQksVd dh xkM+h 16 tuojh dks vk;sxh ijUrq og 21 tuojh rd u vk ikbAZ ge ik¡pksa fnu fcYdqy r;S kj ?kkr ds LFkku ij cBS s jgrs vkjS nks&nks cts rd çrh{kk djds mB tkrsA rhu fnuksa ds ckn vkB ds vfrfjDr lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks ?kj ykSVk fn;kA cko+Qh ge 9 O;fDr cM+h lrdZrk ls çkr% gh vius LFkkuksa ij tk cBS rAs mu fnukas ifq yl cgrq l'kda jgrh FkhA vr% geas bl ckr dk fo'k\"s k è;ku j[kuk iM+rk fd gekjh dk;Zokgh ls fdlh dks ¯dfpr ek=k Hkh lUnsg u gksus ik;s] ojuk lc [ksy fcxM+ tk;sxkA lHkh fe=k esjs ?kj esa Bgjrs vkSj çkr% 4 cts esjh ek¡ lcds fy, Hkkstu idkrhA 5 cts mUgksaus ,dk,d ?kks\"k.kk dj nh fd ¶vxj vkt rqe dke ij ugha tkvksxs rks dy ds Hkkstu dk Hkh Lo;a gh dgha çcUèk dj ysukA¸ vkf[k+j 21 tuojh 1919 dk lqfnu vk igq¡pkA mlh fnu gekjs ns'k us çtkrU=k 'kklu dh LFkkiuk dj LorU=krk dh ?kks\"k.kk dh FkhA mlh fnu LorU=k tkfr;ksa ds uke e=S kh dk lUns'k Hkstk FkkA blh fnu vk;fj'k çtkrU=k ik£y;kes.V dk çFke lEesyu gqvk FkkA ge vkt Hkh fuR; dh rjg viuh txg ij tkdj cBS x;As çrh{kk ds 'kkfUrnk;d fdrus gh ?k.Vs u tkus D;k&D;k lkps rs g,q fcrk pqds FksA ml fnu Mcfyu esa gksus okyh mijksDr egku ?kVuk ij ckrphr djrs gq, fdruk vkuUn vuqHko dj jgs FksA ;g lkspdj fd vkt dh ?kVuk ls leLr lalkj ds lkeus vk;jyS.M Hkh mUur&f'kj gksdj [kM+k gks ik;sxk] ge iqyfdr gks mBsA Bhd mlh le; fujUrj fVçsjh dh vksj rko+Qrk jgus okyk gekjk tklwl vk èkedkA mlds u=s kkas ls lkxa kz fed rRijrk rFkk vlhe vkuUn dh T;kfs r fudy jgh FkhA mlus 'kh?kzrk ls ijUrq n`<+rk ds lkFk dg fn;k] ¶os vk jgs gSa! os vk jgs gaS!!¸ ,dk,d ge lHkh pkaSd iM+sA ge lHkh viuk&viuk LFkku rFkk dÙkOZ ; tkurs FksA gj ,d viuh&viuh txg ij tk MVkA xqIrpj us ykSVdj mudh la[;k rFkk vUrj Hkh crk fn;kA vc ml uhjo LFkku esa ?kksM+s dh Vki rFkk xkM+h 710 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh xM+xM+kgV Hkh lquk;h nsus yxh! ml fnu eSa fdlh rjg èkS;Z u j[k ldkA ml le; esjh ulsa ruh tk jgh FkhaA liQyrk vkSj vliQyrk nksuksa dk Hkh\"k.k ifj.kke ml le; esjh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus nh[k jgk FkkA gesa mu fpj vH;Lr flikfg;ksa dk lkeuk djuk Fkk tksfd ;q¼ fo|k esa iw.kZ :i ls fuiq.k FksA vkSj ge\\ gekjs NksVs ls ny esa ls fdruksa us xksyh pykus dk vH;kl fd;k Fkk\\ vH;kl ek=k ds fy, xksyh pykus dh fi+QT+kwy[+kphZ djus dk rks ge dHkh lkgl Hkh ugha dj ik;s FksA xksfy;k¡ feyrh gh dgk¡ Fkha\\ ge fdruh ckj vH;kl dh bl vko';drk ij oknfookn djrs gq, ,sls volj ij vo';EHkkoh vèkhjrk dh vksj ladsr dj g¡l nsrs Fks! ijUrq vc rks le; vk gh igq¡pkA vHkh&vHkh dqNsd {k.k ckn gekjh ijh{kk gks tk;sxhA os lkeus vk igq¡psA Mªkboj rFkk bapktZ ?kksM+s ds t+jk ihNs&ihNs py jgs Fks vkSj dsoy nks flikgh jk;i+Qysa fy, xkM+h ds ihN&s ihNs pys tk jgs FkAs ;g yk]s os gekjs fjokYojkas dh tn+ (igp¡q ;k ekj) esa vk x;sA vc rks gesa mBuk gh pkfg,! Hands up! Hands up!! (gkFk mBk nks! gkFk mBk nks!!) dgrs gq, gekjs lkFkh vius&vius LFkku ij ls dwn iM+sA ijUrq gekjs vkn's k dk flikfg;kas ij dNq Hkh çHkko u gvq kA os fygkt+ djus okys ugha gSaA cl! ,d gh {k.k esa ^cSd! cSd!!* dk Loj djrh gqbZ gekjh xksfy;k¡ vius fBdkus ij tk jghaA nksuksa flikgh t+ehu ij yksV x;s! ijUrq vc\\ ?kcjkgV dk le; rks vc vk;kA ;fn fcuk xksyh pyk;s gh lc dk;Z gks x;k gksrk] rks bruh [k+rjukd ckr u gksrhA ijUrq vc rks çR;sd ?kj vkSj ckM+s ls L=kh vkSj iq#\"k lM+d ij fudy vk;saxs vkSj Mªkboj rFkk bapktZ egk'k; Hkh lkeus gh =kLr gq, [kM+s FksA vHkh ,d ?k.Vs ds vUnj ;gk¡ lSdM+ksa flikgh vk bdV~Bk gkxsa s vkjS geas dNq gh fnuksa eas yVq js k Mkdw ?kkfs \"kr dj gekjs flj cMk+ Hkkjh buZ ke j[k fn;k tk;xs kA [kjS+ ! ifq yl okykas dh jk;iQ+ yas mBkdj xkMh+ ij p<+ cBS !s gkxu egksn; dkspoku cusA eSa vkSj Vªhlh ihNs cSB x;sA dksM+s ij dksM+k cjlkrs gq, ?kksM+s dks nkSM+krs tk jgs FksA yksx cM+s vk'p;Z ls gekjh vksj ns[krs FksA ge Muldsg dh vksj tk jgs FksA cgqr nsj rd ge pqipki cSBs jgsA fiQj Vªhlh egksn; cksys] ¶Msu] ;kn gSA ml fnu foLiQksVd lEcUèkh iqLrd i<+ jgs Fks u] fd foLiQksVdksa dks >Vdk ugha yxuk pfkg,] ugha rks cgqr cM+h gkfu gks ldrh gS\\¸ os cM+h 'kkfUr ds lkFk cksys FksA ijUrq cksys fxjk fn;kA vkSj fdlh ds foLiQksVdksa dks D;k] ekuks ,d foifÙk dk igkM+ vkSj tk Hkh jgs Fks cM+h rst+h ds lkFkA blfy, foLiQksVdksa ds >Vds dh rks ckr gh D;k dgrs\\ geus LFkku ij ywV dk eky fNik fn;k vkSj ?kksM+s dks nwljh vksj ys tkdj ,yhus fczt ij NkMs + fn;k vkjS FkkMs k+ &lk foLiQkVs d inkFkZ ogk¡ ij j[k fn;kA ;g lc rks gks x;k] ijUrq vc ç'u ;g Fkk fd ge dgk¡ tk;sa\\ vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 711

fVçsjh esa vc gekjs fy, txg u FkhA ½rq vuqdwy u FkhA dbZ fnu dh çrh{kk rFkk vkt ds ifjJe ls ge Fkd Hkh pqds FksA ijUrq vc rks cgqr fnuksa ds fy, l[q k vkjke cnk gh u FkkA vkf[kj+ nf{k.k dh vkjs py fn;As vkxs xkyVw h igkM+ lhèkk nhokj dh rjg [kM+k FkkA gekjs tSls lHkh vHkkxs bu ioZrksa esa vkJ; ikrs FksA mUgha yksxksa dh lgk;rk dks ikus dh gh gesa iw.kZ vk'kk FkhA blh vk'kk esa ge bu ioZrksa dh ?kkfV;ksa esa cgqr nwj rd fudy x;sA ?kkMs k+ NkMs u+ s dh txg ls pkj ehy dh njw h ij Jherh fiQt+ tYMZ (Fizgerld) ds ?kj geus Hkkstu fd;k vkSj vkxs py fn;s 'khr dks rks ekuks gels çse gks x;k FkkA ,slk tku iM+rk Fkk fd B.Mh gok gekjs 'kjhj ds vUnj ?kql tkus ds fy, ykykf;r gks mBh gSA gesa ml le; nks tho vkSj feys] tks fcYdqy fldqM+s [kM+s FksA fiQj ge u tkus fdèkj pyrs pys x;sA fdlh ?kj vFkok ckM+s esa tkdj ekxZ iwNus dk rks gesa lkgl gh u gksrk FkkA ml le; yksx cM+s eq¡giQV FksA os vHkh xEHkhjrk vkjS ekuS dk egÙo le> u ik;s FkAs pyr&s pyrs Jh Vªhlh 20 iQVq xgjh [kkbZ eas fxj x;As geas cgrq fpUrk gbq AZ ij fudkyk rks n[s kk fd Hky&s pxa s lkeus [kMs+ eLq djq k jgs gAaS vki cMs+ gl¡ e[q k O;fDr FkAs geas Hkh lnk gl¡ krs gh jgrs FkAs ge igkMh+ ij p<+rs gh pys x;sA ijUrq ;dk;d D;k ns[krs gSa fd ekxZ [k+Re gks x;kA vkxs fdlh vkjs Hkh tkus dk jkLrk ughAa ml le; DykfUr vkjS 'khr ds ekjs ge fcYdyq laKkghu gks x;s FksA fujk'k gksdj ykSVuk iM+kA ml le; gkxu egk'k; cksy mBs] ¶Bhd gS] ?kjksa esa vaxhBh ds ikl vkjke ls cSBs gq, dEc[+r dfo yksx ioZrksa ds lkUS n;Z dh ç'kla k eas bruh cMh+ dfork,¡ fy[k Mkyrs gAaS os dHkh gekjh rjg gekjh voLFkk esa bl 'khr esa bl rjg iRFkjksa esa Bksdj [kk;saA fiQj ns[ksa fd dSls ioZrksa rFkk çÑfr ds lkSUn;Z dh mikluk djrs gSaA¸ ykVS vkus ij dkfgV tkus dk fu'p; gvq kA jys os ykbu ds lkFk&lkFk pysA iDdh lM+d ij cM+h jks'kuh okyh eksVjxkfM+;ksa esa flikgh gekjh ryk'k esa fiQj jgs FksA ?kksj vUèkdkj FkkA geus ,d ew£r ns[khA eSaus rqjUr fiLrkSy rkudj ogh lSfud vkKk (Hands up) (gkFk mBk nks) ns MkyhA ew£r ogha [kM+h gks x;hA eSa viuk fjokYoj rkus mlds ikl x;k] rks vius dks jsy ds ,d cksMZ ds lkeus [kM+k ik;k] ftl ij fy[kk Fkk] fd xqt+jus okyk fxjÝ+rkj fd;k tk;sxkA gekjh n'kk bruh fpUrktud] foifÙkiw.kZ rFkk 'kkspuh; Fkh] ij fiQj Hkh ge rhuksa f[kyf[kykdj g¡l iM+sA Jh Vªhlh ls ckj&ckj dkfgV dk vUrj iwNrs vkSj ^cl lM+d ds vxys eksM+ ij gh* (tksfd o+Qjhc nks rhu ehy ij vkrk) gj ckj ;gh mÙkj lqursA vkf[k+j ge dkfgV vk gh igq¡psA Jherh Vksfd ds ?kj x;sA ogk¡ fcLrj fey x;kA mÙkstuk] DykfUr] volkn vkSj B.M us gekjs fy, lksuk vlEHko dj fn;kA ijUrq yVs s jgus ls JkUr vxa kas dks dNq foJke fey x;kA vc 712 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lekpkji=k i<+us dh çcy bPNk gks mBhA gekjh Hkfo\";ok.kh ds vuqlkj cM+s&cM+s Hk;adj 'kh\"kZdksa ls laokn çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA mnkgj.kkFkZ ^fVçsjh miæo*] ^Hkh\"k.k gR;kdk.M*] ^Hk;adj vijkèk* vkfn vkfnA gkxu ds NksVs HkkbZ vkSj ,d ckyd ftldh vk;q ckjg o\"kZ dh Fkh] idM+s x;s] ijUrq 'kh?kz gh NksM+ fn;s x;sA bl ns'k esa vkSj Hkh v'kkfUr ep x;hA nf{k.k fVçsjh esa ek'kZy yk (i+QkSth o+Qkuwu) tkjh dj fn;k x;kA rkthnh iqfyl dh pkSfd;k¡ xk¡o&xk¡o esa fcBk nh xb±A gekjs fy, bZuke j[k fn;k x;k tks igys ,d gt+kj ikS.M Fkk vkSj ckn esa nl gtk+ j dj fn;k x;kA gekjs NkVs s ls ny dh mí.Mrk ds dkj.k vxa tsz +kas dks uXu e[q k gkds j lla kj dks fn[kk nus k iMk+ fd vk;jy.S M dk mudk vfèkdkj dsoy lSfud cy ij fuHkZj FkkA bl t+cjnLrh vkSj cy ç;ksx ds vfrfjDr muds ikl vkSj dksbZ ;qfDr u FkhA 1916 ds bZLVj foæksg ds ckn igyh xksyh pyus dh ?kVuk dk ;gh vR;qfDrjfgr lPpk fooj.k gSA blh ls vk;jyS.M dk LokrU=;&laxzke çkjEHk gqvkA pkFS kk ifjPNns vxa tsz k+ as ds n's k fudkys dk gDq e Jherh Vjfou ds ?kj nks fnu Bgjus ds ckn ge vkxs py fn;s vkjS fofHkUu fe=kkas ds ?kjksa esa foJke djrs jgsA ,d ckj dfyM fuoklh Jh jh;u (Ryan) ds ?kj tkus dk fu'p; fd;kA mUgsa dgyk Hkh Hkstk] ijUrq tk ugha ldsA ;g vPNk gh gqvk D;ksafd Bhd mlh le; tcfd gesa ogk¡ igq¡puk Fkk] iqfyl us mudk ?kj ?ksj fy;k vkSj mUgsa fxjÝ+rkj dj fy;kA cky?k ds Jh vksczhu ds ?kj ,d fnu BgjsA ge Nr ij lks jgs FksA ?kj esa vifjfpr yksxksa dk 'kCn lqudj mB cSBsA ns[kk] iqfyl okys ?kj esa ?kql vk;s gSaA ;q¼ ds fy, rS;kj gksdj cSB x;s vkSj mudh çrh{kk djus yxsA ijUrq os ;ksa gh ykSV x;sA irk pyk fd dqÙkksa dk VSDl ysus vk;s FksA vUr esa ge xYVh ds nwljh vksj fedsYl Vkmu esa tk igq¡psA gesa ?kj NkMs s+ cgrq fnu gks x;s FkAs ijUrq vHkh rd lkys kgs MS cxs ls nl ehy ls vfèkd nwj ugha tk ik;s FksA iqfyl okyksa us gekjh ryk'k esa jkr fnu ,d dj j[kk FkkA lkoZtfud usrkvksa] iknfj;ksa rFkk laokn i=kksa us gekjh fuUnk djus esa dksbZ dlj mBk u j[khA çkFkuZ kvkas ds le; fxjtkas eas geas vfHk'kki fn;s tkrAs ijUrq ge tkurs Fks fd 98 ds foæksgh ohjksa] 67 ds ohj fiQuh;Ul rFkk 1916 ds bZLVj ds foæksg ds lSfudksa ds lkFk Hkh ml le; ,slk gh crkZo gqvk Fkk vkSj ckn esa yksxksa us vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 713

muds i{k dk gh leFkZu fd;k FkkA blfy, ckn esa yksx gekjh Hkh ç'kalk djsaxsA gekjs lkFk chr [+kwc jgh FkhA ,d fnu ,d t+ehankj ds ckM+s esa mlds lkFk cBS s vkx ldas jgs FkAs jkf=k dk le; FkkA ,dk,d fdlh us tk+ js ls }kj [kV[kVkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA t+ehankj us cSBs&cSBs gh iwNk] ^dkSu gS\\* mÙkj feyk] ^iqfyl!* cl! ,dne vius fjokYoj fudkydj ge r;S kj gkds j cBS x;As ijUrq }kj [kyq us ij iMk+ ls dk ,d Ñ\"kd viuh fnYyxh ij gl¡ rk gvq k çfo\"V gvq kA geus vius fjokYoj fNikus dk ç;Ru rks cgqr fd;k ijUrq os ml t+ehankj dh ut+j ls u cp ik;sA ml dec[+r us ,dne dg gh rks fn;k] ^egk'k;] l'kL=k yksxksa dks vius ?kj esa vkJ; nsus dks eSa rks gjfxt+ rS;kj ughaA* ckgj xt+c dh B.M Fkh] ?kksj vUèkdkj Fkk] ijUrq foo'k gks vfXu rFkk xje dejs dh vksj lr`\".k us=kksa ls n[s krs g,q ckgj fudyuk iMk+ A i'kvq kas ds dejs eas ?klq dj jkr ogha fcrk;hA diMs+ vkfn Hkh iQV x;sA fe=k yksx feyus rd ls >sairs FksA vkf[k+j ge nksuksa uxj eas igq¡psA ;g LFkku lksyksgSMcsx ls 7 ehy dh nwjh ij FkkA ;gha ij gekjs lkFkh Jh jkfcUlu Hkh gels vk feysA bl iqu£eyu ls gesa vR;Ur vkuUn gqvkA gesa tnq k g,q vHkh dNq lIrkg gh g,q Fk]s rFkkfi ,ls k ekyew gkrs k Fkk ekuks ge lgkns j fpj&vk;ksx ds ckn fiQj feys gksaA blds ckn ?kwers&?kkers ,d o`¼ O;kikjh ds ?kj igq¡ps] ogk¡ dqN vkjke feykA isVHkj Hkkstu fd;k] vkSj fiQj ;q¼ dh lw>us yxhA ¶ugha] bl rjg fu#ís'; ;k=kk esa le; u\"V gks jgk gS] vr% gesa fdlh u fdlh fØ;kRed dk;Z eas tVq tkuk pkfg,A¸ ;¼q ?kk\"s k.kk r;S kj dh x;hA mleas vaxzst+ksa dks ns'k [k+kyh dj nsus dh vkKk ns nh x;h Fkh vkSj vkKksYya?ku ds vijkèk esa e`R;q n.M fuf'pr fd;k x;k FkkA geus og ;q¼&?kks\"k.kk vius dsUæ Mcfyu esa eaT+kwjh ds fy, Hksth] ijUrq mldh eaT+kwjh ds LFkku ij gesa vkKk feyh fd rqEgsa vesfjdk tkuk gksxk] lc rS;kjh gks pqdh gSA ;g gekjs fy, otzikr ls de u FkkA ge rks vk;jyS.M esa jgdj ;q¼ djuk pkgrs FksA ij mèkj ftuls lgk;rk ikus dh vk'kk Fkh] os gh gesa fuokZflr djus dh xqIr eU=k.kk dj jgs FksA geus n`<+rk ds lkFk Li\"V dg fn;k] ¶ge e`R;q ls ugha Mjrs vSj vk;jyS.M esa jgrs gq, mlds fy, yM+rs gq, ej tkus esa gh xkSjo vuqHko djsaxsA¸ os ukjkt+ gks x;s] ijUrq geus mUgsa fo'okl fnyk;k fd] ¶gekjs fopkj ls gekjs fy, i`Foh ij ;fn dgha LFkku gS rks vk;jyS.M esa! ge blh ns'k esa jgrs gq,] blh dh LorU=krk ds fy, blh ds pkSjkgksa] lM+dksa] uxjksa rFkk [ksrksa esa 'k=kq ls ;q¼ djrs gq, çk.k ns nsaxsA¸ gesa ckgj tkdj ys[k fy[kdj ân; dks 'kkUr dj ysuk i;kZIr u t¡prk FkkA [k+Sj] os eku x;s] ijUrq bl 'krZ ij fd ge pqipki fdlh dksus esa cSBs jgsaA geus lkspk ge bl vlqfoèkk dks Hkh tYnh gh nwj dj ysaxsA dqN fnu ckn ge uksnZl VkÅu fuoklh MksuYyh ds ?kj igq¡psA ogha ij 714 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

fczxsM dkmafly dh cSBd gqbZ vkSj geus iwoksZDr ?kks\"k.kk&i=k çdkf'kr djus dk fu'p; dj gh fy;kA i+Qjojh] 1919 ds vfUre fnuksa esa og lHkh cM+s&cM+s uxjksa rFkk dLcksa esa yxk fn;k x;kA bl le; laokn&i=kksa us cM+s O;aX;iw.kZ 'kh\"kZdksa ls mls çdkf'kr fd;kA lpeqp gekjh n'kk dks ns[kdj dksbZ Hkh ;g dg ldrk gS fd NksVk eq¡g cM+h ckr dh dgkor ge ij pfjrkFkZ gksrh FkhA tks Hkh ckn esa mldk çHkko iM+k] bldk lHkh us yksgk ekukA ,d fnu ge Hkw[k ls ihfM+r gq,A cgqr nwj rd pydj Øhuhoklh Jh eiQhZ ds ?kj igq¡psA Hkw[k ds ekjs vèkidk ekal [kkdj cspkjs gkxu chekj gks x;sA ge Mcfyu igq¡puk pkgrs Fks ijUrq mudh chekjh ls cM+h foifÙk iM+hA [k+Sj] Jh Vªhlh vkSj Jh jkfcUlu dks geus igys Hkst fn;kA os ogk¡ fcYdqy lqjf{kr rkSj ls igq¡p x;sA fuR; xtV esa ge lHkh dk gqfy;k vkSj iqjLdkj dh cM+h Hkkjh jde çdkf'kr gksrh jgrh FkhA ,slh n'kk esa uxj esa tkuk vkSj ogk¡ ij dk;Z djuk fdruk [k+rjukd gS] bldk vuqeku vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gSA bèkj eSa vkSj gkxu Hkh ;gk¡ vfèkd u Bgj ldrs FkAs vkf[kj+ Vkehfed vujuh ekVs j yds j vk igp¡q As ;g ogk¡ ls 1916 ds foæksg esa eksVj dh VDdj yxkdj nks vHkkxksa dks unh esa Mqcks pqds Fks vkSj Lo;a fdlh u fdlh rjg cp vk;s FksA [k+Sj ge py fn;sA fyEcdZ fyEedZ rd rks dksbZ fo'ks\"k ?kVuk ugha gqbZ ijUrq ogk¡ gesa lSfud ykfj;ksa dh ,d cM+h J`a[kyk dk lkeuk gqvkA lHkh ykfj;ksa ij lSfud yns gq, Fks vkSj çR;sd ykjh ds lkFk ,d&,d e'khuxu FkhA ge le>s Fks fd ;g fdlh cM+s Hkkjh dk;Z ij tk jgs FksA ij ckn esa 'kh?kz gh irk pyk fd os gekjh gh [k+kfrj vk jgs FksA muesa fdrus lSfud ?k.Vksa gekjk gqfy;k ;kn djus dk ifjJe djrs jgs gksaxsA fdlh dk ¯dfpr ek=k Hkh lUnsg gekjh e`R;q dk dkj.k gks ldrk FkkA ge Hkh cM+s jktHkDrksa dh rjg eqXèk&n`f\"V ls mudh vksj ns[k jgs FksA ykfj;k¡ èkM+kèkM+ xqt+j jgh FkhaA dksbZ chl ,d ds xqt+j tkus ds ckn geus ns[kk fd ,d lfS ud egk'k; cUnow Q+ mBk;s gekjh vkjs vk jgs gaS mUgkuas s vkKk ns gh nh] ^Bgjk!s * vc le>s igyh ykfj;k¡ pqipki vkxs D;ksa c<+k nh xb±A Mªkboj egksn; us rqjUr cszd dl fn;sA eaS viuk vfUre le; fudV le> fiLrkyS rkudj lksp gh jgk Fkk fd dkSu&ls flikgh dks lcls igys lqykÅ¡ fd ,d vi+Qlj vkxs c<+k vkSj dgus yxk] ¶egk'k; vkidks nsjh gks jgh gksxh] {kek dhft;sxk] nks ykfj;k¡ VwV x;h gSa] vkSj lM+d #d x;h gSA¸ eSaus rqjUr fiLrkSy fNik fy;kA mUgksaus fiQj dgk] ¶;fn vki iSny mrjdj pys tk;sa tks cgqr vPNk gksA¸ bl le; rd esjh mf}Xurk nwj gks pqdh FkhA eaSus n`<+rk ls dgk] ¶egk'k;] ge cM+h nwj ls pys vk jgs gSa vkSj Fkds gq, gSaA gesa cgqr t+:jh dk;Z gS vkSj 'kh?kz igq¡puk gSA ge iSny ugha tk ldrsA¸ mlus rqjUr lSfudksa dks gekjh eksVj <dsyus dh vkKk vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 715

ns nh] tks 200 xt rd mls <dsyrs pys x;sA ml le; fu'p; gh os le>s Fks] fd eksVj esa cSBus okyk vk;fj'k O;fDr ik£y;kes.V rd esa ç'u NsM+ ldrk gSA [k+Sj! eSa vkSj gkxu cM+h eqf'dy ls g¡lh jksd ik;s vkSj lSfudksa ds d\"V ds fy, mUgsa ckj&ckj èkU;okn nsrs gq, fonk gq,A dksbZ vkèkk ?k.Vk ckn rd eksVj dks iwjh jÝ+rkj ij pykrs jgsA blh çdkj mu lSfudksa us tks gekjh gh ryk'kh esa tk jgs Fks] gekjh gh lgk;rk dh! cgqr LFkkuksa ij gksrs gq,] fofHkUu fe=kksa ds ?kjksa esa Bgjrs gq,] ge yksx Mcfyu dh vksj pys tk jgs FksA gekjs ifjfpr gekjh vksj ns[kdj cM+s pfdr gksrs vkSj gesa ueLdkj vkfn dgus ls igys pkjksa vksj cM+h lkoèkkuh ls rkd ysrs rFkk ckn esa Hkh cM+s èkhes Loj ls ckr djrsA mudk ;g O;ogkj ns[k gesa cM+h g¡lh vkrhA Mcfyu esa ge pkjksa fiQj fey x;sA ge tc Hkh feyrs rc gesa fcYdqy [k+;ky u jgrk fd gekjs ihNs iqfyl ekjh&ekjh fiQjrh gSA ge Bhd NqV~Vh ij vk;s gq, fo|k£Fk;ksa dh rjg g¡lrs&[ksyrs jgrs FksA geus mu nksuksa dks fp<+kus ds fopkj ls mijksDr flikfg;ksa dh lgk;rk ikus dh ckr dgh rks mUgksaus Hkh >V viuh eksVj Bhd tsy ds }kj ds lkeus #d tkus rFkk flikfg;ksa ds mls èkdsyus dh ckr lquk;hA geus feydj ijke'kZ fd;k rks cgqr iNrk;s fd foxr rhu ekl geus O;FkZ [kks fn;sA lksyksgSMcsx dh ?kVuk ls rks ekuk ns'kHkj esa thou lapkfjr gks mBk Fkk] ijUrq vc rks og Le`fr ek=k jg x;h FkhA ns'kHkj esa lqfoLr`r lSfud laxBu fo|eku FkkA 'kL=k Hkh i;kZIr FksA yksx Hkh vc oSls Hkh: vkSj dk;j ugha FksA os fMªy djus rFkk 'kL=k j[kus ds vijkèk esa çlUurkiwoZd tsyksa esa tk jgs FksA ijUrq vko';drk Fkh mUgsa 'kL=kksa dk ç;ksx djus dk ijke'kZ nsus dhA bl rjg cgqr nsj rd lksp fopkj djrs jgus ds ckn geus pkj lkbfdyksa dk çcUèk dj fy;k vkSj Mksuksfgy dks okfil pys x;sA ge vius fe=k gksjsu ifjokj ds ikl x;s rks mUgsa ;g fo'okl fnykus ds fy, fd ge okLro esa euq\"; gh gSa μ çsrkRek ugha] cM+h ps\"Vk djuh iM+hA eSa viuh ek¡ ls Hkh tk feykA cspkjh eq>s ns[k cgqr fofLer rFkk çlUu gbq AZ mUgkuas s ejs s dkj.k cgrq d\"V lgu fd;As ejs s ckn rks fnu esa nks&nks rhu&rhu ckj mudh ryk'kh gks tkrhA ?kj dk lc lkeku iqfyl ys x;h FkhA eqxhZ vkSj mlds cPps ekjdj os cnyk fudkyrs FksA rks Hkh os grksRlkg ugha gqb±A tc dHkh iqfyleSu iwNrk] ¶D;ksa th] rqEgkjk iq=k Msuczhu dgk¡ gS\\¸ rks rqjUr O;aX;iw.kZ mÙkj nsrha] ¶D;ksa\\ D;k mlds lkFk ,d Nr ds uhps cSBus dk lkgl gS\\¸ blh rjg ,d ckj iwNus ij mUgksaus dg fn;k] ¶gk¡A Msuczhu Åij cSBk gS] vkSj rqEgsa Åij pys vkus dk fueU=k.k nsrk gSA D;ksa] lkgl gS\\¸ cl iqfyleSu Hkkx x;k vkSj cM+h Hkkjh lsuk us ?kj ?ksjdj ryk'kh ysuh 'kq: dj nhA tks Hkh gk]s ek¡ us ,d Hkh\"k.k vijkèk fd;k FkkA mlh ds iQyLo:i og lc d\"V 716 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

mls lgu djus iM+sA mldk og Hk;adj vijkèk Fkk vius iq=k dks dÙkZO;&ikyu dh f'k{kk nus k rFkk mlds ân; eas Lon's k çes tkx`r djuk! blh vijkèk dk n.M og èkS;Z ls lgu djrh jgha! og ohj ekrk FkhaA ikp¡ ok¡ ifjPNns Vuªs eas ls cUnh fe=k dks NMq k+ ;k ge fVçsjh esa vius lHkh lSfudksa dks ;q¼ ds fy, rS;kj djus yxsA mlds fy, geus leqfpr ç;Ru fd;kA ,d fnu çkr%dky nks cts viuh lkbfdy fy, tk jgk Fkk fd ,d nwljh vksj ls vkus okyh lkbfdy ds lkFk VDdj gks x;hA mldh lkbfdy dk gSf.My esjh Nkrh esa èk¡l x;k vkSj eSa ogk¡ vpsr gksdj fxj x;kA esjs eq¡g ls cgqr jDr cgkA ml le; cgqr ?kcjk;kA D;k thou dk blh rjg vUr gkus k Fkk\\ ;¼q {k=s k eas 'k=kq ds fo#¼ yMr+ s g,q e>q s xkys h yx x;h gkrs h] vgk! eSa fdruk çlUu gksrkA ijUrq vkt bl rjg vutku esa O;FkZ gh thou lekIr gks tk;sxk] ;g fopkj gh esjs fy, ,d foifÙk cu cSBkA vèkZpsrukoLFkk esa eSaus ns[kk fd vaxzst+ lSfudksa us eq>s igpku fy;k gSA cl ;enwr ds lk{kkr n'kuZ gkus s yxAs prs uk gbq ]Z mBkA T;k&as R;kas ?kj igp¡q dj fpfdRlk dhA LoLFk gkds j fiQj vius dk;Z esa tqV x;kA fnu jkr ,d&lk ifjJe djrkA dHkh jkr vPNs fcLrj esa dV x;h] rks dgha i`Foh ij ysVuk iM+kA dgha v¡xhBh fey x;h rks dgha i'kqvksa ds lkFk jkr fcrk;hA vc bl çdkj dh NksVh&NksVh vlqfoèkk,¡ lgu djus dk vH;kl gks x;k FkkA bèkj pkj fnu ls ge lks;s ugha FksA ifjJe djrs pys vk jgs FksA irk yxk] fd cky?k (Bailagh) esa bZeu vks* MqfHkj (Eamon O' Dubhir) ds ;gk¡ u`R; gksus okyk gSA cl! lc #dkoV nwj gks x;hA ge ;qod FksA foifÙk;k¡ lgu djrs pys vk jgs FksA fpjdky ls fdlh mRlo esa lfEefyr gksus dk volj u feyk FkkA ge lhèks mlh ?kj dh vksj gks fy;sA ogk¡ ij cgqr ls ifjfpr ckyd rFkk ckfydk,¡ vkuUn fogkj esa fueXu FksA gekjs Hkh ân;ksa dk Hkkj gydk gks x;kA fdruk lqUnj laxhr Fkk! jkrHkj ogk¡ ukp fd;kA Bhd mlh le; iqfyl ds dbZ nLrs fofHkUu ?kjksa esa gekjh gh [kkst esa ryk'kh ys jgs FksA mu ckyd&ckfydkvksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh pqipki f[kld tkdj] iqfyl okyksa dks ysdj gesa idM+ok ldrk Fkk] ijUrq bldk fdlh dks LoIu esa Hkh fopkj u vk;k gksxkA vk;jyS.M okfl;ksa esa lgÏksa nks\"k gksaxs] ijUrq muesa ns'kæksgh cgqr de gksrs gSaA çkr% le; eSa ogk¡ vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 717

ls pyk vk;kA vksdhiQ ds ?kj tkdj foJke djus dk r; gqvk FkkA FkksM+h nsj ckn jkfcUlu vkSj Vªhlh Hkh vk x;sA ijUrq gkxu ugha vk;sA gesa fpUrk Hkh ugha gqbZA ;g ge tkurs Fks fd vHkh muds vBkjg o\"kZ iwjs gksus esa Hkh nks fnu 'ks\"k gSa] rks Hkh gesa fo'okl Fkk fd os fdlh lqn`<+ lSfud ls fdlh çdkj Hkh de ugha gSaA gekjh vk¡[kksa esa uhan Hkjh FkhA Jh Vªhlh ds 'kCnksa esa ge ml le; fdlh Hkh d.Vdkdh.kZ 'kSÕ;k rd ij lks ldrs FksA vHkh 'kk;n Jh Vªhlh viuh ekyk Hkh lekIr u dj ik;s Fks fd Jh ifS Vªd fdUuus (Kinnane) geas txkus yxAs vk[¡ kas [kqyus ls lki+Q bUdkj dj jgh FkhaA dku lqurs rks Fks] ijUrq dqN le> ugha ikrs FkAs ,dk,d vkyL; vkjS fuæk Hkkx x;As eaS flgj mBk] ^cps kjs gkxu idMs+ x;\\s * fo'okl ugha gqvkA gkxu xksyh ls ej x;s] ;g ge eku ldrs Fks ijUrq os fcuk 'kL=k pyk;s gh idM+s x;s] ;g ckr dqN t¡prh ugha FkhA [k+Sj mBsA ge rhuksa us ,d nwljs dh vksj ns[kkA cksyus dh vko';drk u FkhA lHkh ,d nwljs dk eryc le> x;sA fu'p; gks x;k] ¶gkxu dks NqM+k;saxsA¸ irk fy;k] rks ekywe gqvk fd mUgsa vHkh FkYlZ dh dksrokyh esa j[kk x;k gS] ijUrq 'kh?kz gh dkdZ tsy dks Hkst fn;s tk;saxsA i+QSlyk gqvk] ^beyh* LVs'ku ij Vªsu esa ls ;k rks gkxu dks fy;k tk;s] vFkok blh ç;Ru esa çk.k ns fn;s tk;saA gekjk lcls NksVk] lcls I;kjk lkFkh 'k=kq ds gkFk esa gks] ;g gekjs fy, vlá FkkA geesa ls dksbZ Hkh Lo;a tsy esa tk mls NqM+kus dks rS;kj gks ldrk FkkA vkt rd geus dHkh mlds xq.kksa dh ç'kalk ugha dh Fkh] ijUrq vc rks mlds xq.k gh xq.k gekjh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus ?kweus yxsA mèkj iqfyl okys Hkh le>rs Fks fd os Hkh lksyksgSMcsx ds eq[; ik=kksa esa ls gSaA ge lHkh yksxksa dh vuqifLFkfr rFkk vKkrokl ds dkj.k gh iqfyl dks ;g fo'okl gks x;k FkkA ,d LosPNk lsod ds gkFk geus fVçsjh jsftes.V ds vè;{k ds ikl dqN LosPNk lsod Hkstus dk lUns'k Hkst fn;kA ge Lo;a lkbfdyksa ij beyh dks py fn;sA lhèks jkLrs iqfyl ds gkFk iM+ tkus ds Hk; ls] yEck pDdj dkVdj nwljs ekxZ ls x;sA lkbfdyksa ij uhan vk x;h] ijUrq fiQj vk¡[k [kqy x;hA èkM+ke dk 'kCn lqu] eqM+dj D;k ns[kk fd Jh jkfcUlu lkbfdy ls fxj iM+s gSaA mBdj fiQj pysA gekjs ikl ,d ce vk fxjk le>s 'k=kq us vkØe.k fd;k gS] ijUrq og jkfcUlu dh tsc ls gh fxjk FkkA 12 ebZ] 1919 ds fnu lkjk çcUèk dj 11 cts FkYlZ ls pys FksA vxys fnu ftl xkM+h esa gkxu ds vkus dh vk'kk FkhA og nksigj ls igys u vk ldrh FkhA fujUrj çrh{kk djrs jgs] ijUrq fVçsjh ls dksbZ LosPNk lsod u igq¡pkA lk<+s X;kjg ct pqds Fks] ckjg cts xkM+h vkus dks FkhA xkM+h dks ge fcuk ç;Ru fd;s Hkh u tkus nsuk pkgrs FksA ;g Hkh tkurs Fks fd cUnh ds lkFk de ls 718 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

de pkj l'kL=k lSfud gksaxsA ijUrq djrs gh D;k\\ Vsªu vk x;hA ge IysViQkeZ ij ?kql gh rks x;sA Hkkxrs le; ,d eksVh&lh o`¼ L=kh ls VDdj yx x;hA eSaus mlds fxnZ ck¡gsa Mky nha vkSj nksuksa ?kwers&?kwers i`Foh ij fxj iM+sA {kek;kpuk dk rks volj Fkk gh ugha] mBdj fiQj HkkxsA ijUrq cUnh bl xkM+h esa ugha vk;k FkkA nwljh xkM+h lk;adky lkr cts vkus okyh FkhA geus xkYVh cVkfy;u ds dqN LosPNk lsod cqyk HkstsA ik¡p LosPNk lsod ik¡p cts vk igq¡psA os cM+s ohj rFkk fuHkhZd lSfud FksA ge ,d lkFkh dks beyh LVs'ku ij NksM+dj Lo;a lHkh lkFkh ukdykax (Knocklong) LVs'ku ij pys x;sA beyh LVs'ku fLFkr LosPNk lsod dk dÙkZO; cUnh okyh xkM+h ds lkFk lrdZrk ls p<+dj gesa ml xkM+h dh vksj ladsr djuk FkkA eneÙk batu èkd&èkd djrk gqvk IysViQkeZ ij vk igq¡pkA LosPNk lsod ds ladsr ls ge lhèks cUnh dh xkM+h esa tk igq¡psA Vsªu dsoy nks feuV gh Bgjsxh] ;g gesa [+kwc ekywe FkkA cUnh dks ,d yEch xkM+h ds NksVs ls [k+kus esa pkj l'kL=k flikgh ?ksjs cSBs FksA lHkh fMCcs ,d NksVs ladqfpr ekxZ }kjk ,d nwljs ls feys gq, FksA vkØe.k dk usr`Ro Jh Vªhlh dks lkSaik x;k FkkA xkM+h esa ?kqlrs gh ^gkFk mBk nks* dh lSfud vkKk ns nh x;h---vHkh dqN gh {k.k igys flikfg;ksa ds vè;{k lktsZ.V okyhl us cspkjs gkxu dks cUnwo+Q ls Bsyrs gq, cM+s O;aX;iw.kZ Loj esa iwNk Fkk] ¶D;ksa th] rqEgkjs Msuczhu vkSj Vªhlh fdèkj Bksdjsa [kk jgs gSa\\¸ bldk mÙkj] fØ;kRed mÙkj] ftldh fd mUgksaus dHkh Hkh vk'kk u dh gksxh] mUgsa fey x;kA nksuksa fjokYoj rkus mlds lkeus [kM+s FksA dkaLVscy LujkbZV rR{k.k fjokYoj rkudj cUnh ij xksyh pykus gh okyk Fkk fd gekjh xksyh us mls B.Mk dj fn;kA mUgsa ;g vkKk nh x;h Fkh fd ;fn cUnh dks NqM+kus dk dksbZ ç;Ru fd;k tk;s rks mls rqjUr xksyh ls ekj fn;k tk;sA xksfy;k¡ pyhaA Bhd mlh le; IysViQkeZ ij [kkdh onhZ igus ,d vaxzst+ lSfud us μ ftlds ân; esa vk;fj'k [+kwu nkSM+ jgk Fkk μ cgqr vkuUn vkSj pko ls fpYykdj] ^çtkrU=k dh t;* dgk! LujkbZV ej x;k FkkA nwljk ?kk;y gksdj xkM+h ls dwn x;kA 'ks\"k lktsZ.V okyhl vkSj dkaLVscy jsyh cpsA nksuksa ds lkFk [+kwc yM+kbZ gqbZA okyhl ,d ohj lSfud Fks] 'k=kq ny esa gesa oSls lkglh cgqr de nh[k iM+sA gekjs lHkh lkfFk;ksa ds fjokYoj Hkh dgha xqe gks x;sA [k+Sj] yM+rs&>xM+rs cUnh gkxu dks] tks csfM+;ksa vkSj gFkdfM+;ksa ls tdM+k gqvk Fkk] ysdj ge ckgj fudy iM+sA eSa cqjh rjg ?kk;y gks pqdk FkkA dc vkSj dSls ?kk;y gqvk] bldk dqN irk ughaA Vªhlh] jkfcUlu vkSj vksczhu Hkh ?kk;y gks pqds FksA jsyh vc Hkh jk;i+Qy ls xksyh pyk jgk FkkA ,d xksyh esjs nkfgus gkFk esa vk yxhA esjk fjokYoj fxj x;kA ;fn jsyh vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 719

esa lktsZ.V okyhl dh rjg rRijrk gksrh rks geesa dksbZ Hkh u cp ikrkA ijUrq mldh lqLrh ls eq>s viuk fjokYoj mBkdj ck;sa gkFk ls mls pykus dk volj fey gh x;kA og Hkkx x;kA okyhl Hkh yxHkx ej pqdk FkkA jsyh gh ,d ,slk Fkk tksfd ?kVuk dk iwjk&iwjk o.kZu dj ldrk FkkA ijUrq twjh ds ttksa us rks mls lki+Q dg fn;k] ¶tjk lp lp dg lqukvks] yhik iksrh er djksA¸ mUgksaus ;g Hkh i+QSlyk fn;k fd bl ?kVuk dk mÙkjnkf;Ro iqfyl ij gS] D;ksafd ekuuh; yksxksa dks èkj idM+us dk gh ;gh ifj.kke gSA eSa ogk¡ ls ckgj fudyk rks [+kwu cg tkus ds dkj.k vius dks nqcZy ik;kA ckgj ,d ekVs j [kMh+ Fkh] 'kk;n fdlh dh çrh{kk dj jgh FkhA euaS s >V fjokYoj rkudj Mªkboj ls eksVj Nhu yhA ijUrq mldk mi;ksx djus dh lqfèk u jghA ckgj gkxu dh csfM+;k¡ dkV nh xb± vkSj LosPNk lsodksa us mldh j{kk dk Hkkj ys fy;kA ge pkjksa ?kk;y O;fDr v¡èksjs esa Hkwyrs HkVdrs] fxjrs iM+rs 'kkugu dh vkjs py fn;As ogk¡ igp¡q us ij e>q s fcLrj ij fyVk fn;k x;kA MkWDVj vkjS iknjh cqyk fy, x;sA ckgj Dysesalh uked ,d uo;qod dh vè;{krk esa igjk [kM+k dj fn;k x;kA MkWDVj us dg fn;k] ¶clA lc [ksy 24 ?k.Vs esa lekIr gks tk;sxkA¸ eSa ,dne vèkhj gks mBkA ;g esjs fy, vlá FkkA ijUrq gekjs fy, vfUre 24 ?k.Vksa esa Hkh rks 'kkfUr u cnh FkhA pkjksa vksj iqfyl gh iqfyl nh[kus yxhA o+QfczLrku rd esa ubZ o+Qczsa <w¡<+h xb±] D;ksafd iqfyl dh fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj nks vkØe.kdkjh yxHkx ej x;s FksA vkxs pyus ls igys ;fn nks ckrsa vkSj dg nw¡ rks vuqfpr u gksxkA ftl le; LVs'ku ij ge yksx yM+ jgs Fks] mlh le; nwljs IysViQkeZ ij ,d vkSj xkM+h [kM+h gqbZ Fkh ftlesa cgqr ls lSfud vk jgs FksA mu yksxksa us gLr{ksi D;ksa u fd;k] ;g gekjh le> esa u vk;kA mlh le; nks ehy dh nwjh ij ,YVsu ds flikfg;ksa us xksyh dh vkokt+ lquhA os Hkkxdj cSjdksa esa ?kql x;s rFkk vUnj ls lk¡dy yxkdj cSB x;sA dkm.Vh baLisDVj feLVj bZxu us rks Hkh }kj u [kksykA eksVj ls njokt+k rksM+dj os Hkhrj ?kql x;s vkSj ¶cqt+fnyks! dk;jks! rqe ;gk¡ fNis iM+s gks] rqEgkjs pkj lkFkh ekjs x;s gSa] gR;kjs Hkkx x;s gSa vkSj rqe vHkh rd ;gha iM+s gks] rqEgsa yTtk ugha vkrh]¸ vkfn vkfn dgdj muls lk¡dy [kqyk ik;sA ;gk¡ Jh gkxu dh dFkk fy[k nsa rks vuqfpr u gksxkA u`R; ds ckn os vkuk i+QhYM fuoklh eks?kj ifjokj ds edku ij pys x;sA Hkkstu djrs djrs est+ ij gh lks x;sA fiQj fcLrj ij lqyk;s x;sA vHkh ysVs gh Fks fd ^iqfyl vk x;h] iqfyl vk x;h* ds 'kCnksa ls mUgsa txk fn;k x;kA os ;g le>s fd lSfud bèkj ls vk jgs gksaxs] nf{k.k dh vksj HkkxsA dqN nwj tkdj mUgksaus viuk fjokYoj cUn 720 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dj fn;k μ ijUrq ,dne D;k ns[kk fd lSfudksa us vk idM+kA fjokYoj fNu x;kA eksVj esa fcBkdj FkYlZ dh pkSdh esa ys tk;s x;sA igys yksHk fn;k x;k] fiQj cjq h rjg ihVk x;kA ijUrq ml ohj us ,d 'kCn Hkh eg¡q ls u fudkykA viuk uke rd ugha crk;kA fiQj ,d flikgh us lgkuqHkwfr çn£'kr djrs gq, dg fn;k] ¶rqEgsa Msuczhu vkSj Vªhlh us rks èkks[kk fn;kA os yUnu ys tk;s tk jgs gSa] tgk¡ ij fd os iqjLdkj ik;saxsA rqe Hkh xqIr ckrsa crkdj ekSr ls cp tkvksA¸ ijUrq ogk¡ rks ekSr ds vfrfjDr vkSj dqN Fkk gh ughaA xkM+h esa cSBk;s tkus ds ckn okyhl mls ckj&ckj fp<+krs gq, dgrk] ¶D;ksa th] rqEgkjs Vªhlh vkSj czhu dgk¡ x;s\\¸ ,slk gh ç'u vHkh ;g iwN gh jgk Fkk fd ge tk èkeds FksA ,d LosPNk&lsod us irk fn;k fd iqfyl gekjs ihNs vk jgh gSA >V lkaxzkfed lHkk dh x;hA vkf[k+j eksVj ykdj eq>s mlesa cSBk fn;k x;kA iqfyl cSjdksa ds chp esa ls xqt+jdj ge yksx osLV fyEedZ esa Jh lhu iQhu ds ?kj tk igq¡psA ukdykax ds lkfFk;ksa esa ls ts-ts- vksczhu rFkk fy;e¯yp] tksfd ?k.Vksa eas okfil tkdj vius dk;Z eas yx x;]s ds vfrfjDr lHkh dks gekjh rjiQ+ Hkkxuk iMk+ A Jh lhu iQhu n;k dh lk{kkr çfrek FksA vki yksxksa us gesa iwjs vkjke ls j[kkA ijUrq ifq yl ds vk igq¡pus ds dkj.k fiQj vkjS if'pe dh vkjs tkuk iM+kA eSa LoLFk gks x;kA fiQj rks eq>s MkWDVjksa vkfn dh Hkfo\";okf.k;ksa dks rksM+ Mkyus dk vH;kl gh gks x;kA eSa rc Hkh cp tkrk] tcfd oSfèkd fu;eksa ds vuqlkj eq>s t+:j gh ej tkuk pkfg, FkkA ?kksj foifÙk ds le;] fujk'kk ds fufoM+ vUèkdkj esa Hkh Jh Vªhlh dh jfldrk rFkk g¡lh dk LoHkko cM+h lkURouk dk dkj.k gksrkA ukdykax ;q¼ esa esjs isV esa xksyh yxh Fkh vkSj Vªhlh ds eq¡g esaA blfy, ge nksuksa dqN Hkh [kk ugha ldrs FksA ,d fnu os Hkw[k ls rax vkdj cksys] ¶vjs czhu t+jk viuk cM+k&lk flj dqN feuV ds fy, mèkkj ns nks] ,d ckj Hkkstu rks dj yw¡A rqe rks [kk ldus ij Hkh ugha [kkrsA¸ ,d ckj jkf=k ds le; dyu ls fVçsjh tk jgs FksA iqfyl ls HksaV gksus dk Hk; FkkA lksyksgSMcsx vkSjukdykax ogk¡ ls cgqr fudV FksA ifjfpr yksxksa ls feyus dk Hkh Mj Fkk] ge cM+h rst+h ds lkFk tk jgs Fks fd ,dk,d] ^BgjksA BgjksAA* fpYykrs gq, Vªhlh us lHkh dks jksd fy;k] vkSj ,d&,d ls iwNus yxs] ¶D;k th vkids ikl fiu gksxk\\ o\"kkZ vkSj 'khr esa dksV ds cVu dkSu [kksysA gj ,d us bUdkj dj fn;kA eSaus iwNk] ¶vkf[k+j] rqEgsa bl le; ,dk,d fiu dh D;k t+:jr vk iM+h\\¸ vR;Ur lgt Hkko ls vkius dgk μ ¶eq>s vk'kadk gS fd 'kk;n esjh VkbZ lhèkh ugha yVd jgh gSA¸ ge yksx cgqr >q¡>yk;s vkSj mUgsa dkslus yxsA ijUrq vkykspuk 'kq: gksus ls 'ks\"k ;k=kk vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 721

lqxerk ls r; gks x;hA dSVhZ esa dqN fnu Bgjdj eSa iw.kZr;k LoLFk gh gqvk FkkA ge fuR; laokn&i=kksa esa ?kksj fuUnk i<+k djrsA gekjk vius NksVs ohj lkFkh dks NqM+kus dk liQy ç;Ru lHkh yksxksa dh n`f\"V esa ?k`f.kr le>k x;kA xzh\"e ½rq esa tklwl foHkkx dk iqul±xBu fd;k x;kA vc dk laxBu cM+s tk+ js kas ls fd;k x;k FkkA geas Hkh tkllw cgrq lrkus yxAs geus Hkh tgk¡ dgha n[s kk] tklwlksa dks Bhd fBdkus yxkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA yksx çkr%dky tc xfy;ksa esa dbZ e`r 'ko ns[krs ftu ij ;s 'kCn fy[ks jgrs] ^vaxzst+h tklwlks [k+cjnkjA vk;fj'k çtkrU=k lsukAA* rks cgqr fofLer gksrsA ,d fnu unh fdukjs ge èkwi&lsou dj jgs FksA unh esa iqfyl ls Hkjh gqbZ ukosa xqt+jhaA irk pyk fd os gekjh gh ryk'k dj jgs FksA ml le; mUgksaus 'kk;n le>k gksxk] fd ge yksx dgha ioZrksa dh dUnjkvksa esa fNis gq, iM+s gksaxsA Bhd blh rjg vkSj Hkh dbZ voljksa ij ge lkeus cSBs rek'kk ns[kk fd;sA f[kM+dh esa cSBs] viuh ryk'k esa tkus okyh flikfg;ksa ls Hkjh eksVj Hkkxrh fiQjrh ns[khA dHkh iqfyl LVs'ku ds lkFk okys ?kjksa esa cSBs] dsoy ,d b±V ds vUrj ls viuh ryk'k lEcUèkh mudh Ldhesa lqurs jgsA Jh gkxu vkSj jkfcUlu dks fVçsjh NksM+dj eSa vkSj Vªhlh Mcfyu dks py fn;sA ogk¡ LosPNk&lsodksa ds vè;{kksa ls feys vkSj cgqr oknfookn ds ckn mUgsa ;q¼ ds i{k esa dj ik;sA mUgksaus gekjs jgus dk çcUèk dj nsus dk opu fn;kA rc eSa lkbfdy ys Jh gkxu vkSj jkfcUlu dks ykus fVçsjh dh vksj py fn;kA tkrs tkrs fiNys V~;wc esa cM+k iapj gks x;kA ml le; eSa iknjh ds os\"k esa FkkA ,d lkbfdy okys dh nqdku ij x;kA mls rqjUr ejEer ds fy, dgk] ijUrq mlus lki+Q bUdkj dj fn;kA eSaus Øksèk ls mls cgqr Hkyk cqjk dgkA og cM+s vk'p;Z ls iknjh ds eq[k ls os 'kCn lqurk jgkA eq>s rks Hkwy gh x;k Fkk fd eSa bl rjg 'kkfUr dk vorkj iknjh cuk cSBk FkkA [k+Sj] ogk¡ ls lhèkk iqfyl pkSdh esa ?kql x;kA çgjh us ^firkoUns!* dgdj vfHkoknu fd;kA ;Fkksfpr mÙkj ns vUnj ?kqlkA esjh vlqfoèkk tku lHkh cspkjs >V esjh lgk;rk ds fy, rS;kj gks x;sA dqN gh feuVksa esa esjh lkbfdy rS;kj gks x;hA mèkj eSa uksfVl cksMZ ij vius gqfy, rFkk iqjLdkj dk foKkiu i<+rk jgkA lkbfdy ys mu yksxksa dks èkU;okn ns fonk gqvkA dqN nwj tkdj [k+;ky vk;k] ^iqfyl okyksa dks viuk foft¯Vx dkMZ u nsus esa eSaus fu'p; gh dqN Ñr?urk dk ifjp; fn;kA [k+Sj!* Mcfyu esa tkdj geus ns[kk fd xuheh (xqjhyk) ;q¼ ds fy, {ks=k rS;kj gks jgk gSA ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gh ns'k dks LokrU=; laxzke dh vksj gk¡ds ys tk jgh FkhaA geus Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh lgk;rk djus esa dksbZ dlj mBk u j[khA LdkVyS.M 722 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

;kMZ1 ds tklwl vk;jyS.M esa cgqr la[;k esa vk igq¡ps FksA mu yksxksa dk gkSlyk cgqr c<+ x;k FkkA os rks flufiQu yksxksa (ØkfUrdkjh) dh lHkkvksa rd esa igq¡prs vkSj ryk'kh esa vaxszth lsuk dh lgk;rk djrsA cgqr ls funksZ\"k O;fDr] ftUgksaus fd 'kk;n 'kL=k dHkh Nq, Hkh u gksaxs] mudh dksi&n`f\"V ls u cp ldsA os ^th* dgykrs FksA ml oD+r cgqr ls ^th* ekjs Hkh x;s vkSj ekjus okys lnk cprs gh jgsA vkf[k+j rax vkdj mu yksxksa us ?kjksa ls ckgj fudyuk gh cUn dj fn;kA ,d&,d fnu tkllw kas dh gR;k ij [k+ cw okn&fookn gvq kA ejs h vuk[s kh l>w ! euaS s dgk fd tklwlksa dh gR;k dh ctk;] fczfV'k ljdkj ds çeq[k çfrfufèk ok;ljk; egksn; ij gkFk lki+Q djus ls cgqr çHkko gksxkA ckr vPNh FkhA lHkh us bls Lohdkj dj fy;kA NBk ifjPNns ykV lkgc ij geyk fu'p; gksrs gh geus lHkh fe=kksa ls ijke'kZ fy;kA lHkh lqn`<+ rFkk fuHkhZd lkFkh gekjk lkFk nsus ds fy, rS;kj gks x;sA rhu ekl rks rS;kjh esa gh yx x;sA ok;ljk; egkns ; dh çrh{kk eas fdruh gh ckj cMh+ fujk'kk Hkh gbq AZ mudk çkxs kz e fo'k\"s k rkjS ls xIq r j[kk tkrkA dbZ LFkkukas ij tgk¡ fd mudk tkuk vko';d gkrs k] os u tkrsA fdruh gh ckj dqNsd {k.k ds gsj&iQsj ls cp x;s FksA vkrs vkrs ,dne ,d eksM+ ij eqM+ tkus ls gh] dbZ ckj muds çk.k cp x;sA bu rhu ekl esa ge 12 niQs vkØe.k djus dh iwjh rS;kjh dj ok;ljk; egksn; dh çrh{kk gh djrs jg x;As ijUrq gj ckj mudk u vkuk] ;k vkr&s vkrs eMq + tkuk gh dkj.k gqvkA 11 uoEcj ds fnu egk;q¼ dh lfUèk gksus ds miy{; esa gksus okys mRlo esa lfEefyr gksus ds fy, mUgsa tkuk FkkA xszVhu fczt ij ls xqt+jrs le; mu ij ce fxjk fn;s tk;sa] ;gh geus lkspkA Bhd le; ij gekjs lHkh lkfFk;ksa us ce rS;kj dj fy,A fiu [kksys] fdruh gh nsj rd os çrh{kk djrs jgsA ijUrq ok;ljk; egksn; u ièkkjsA ml fnu ci+QZ fxj jgh Fkh % rks Hkh ge iqy ij MVs jgsA brus esa gekjs ,d ifjfpr fe=k mèkj ls xqt+js % mUgksaus le> fy;k] vkSj O;aX; fefJr Loj esa bruk gh dgk] ^D;k [+kwcA ci+QZ ls cpus ds fy, ;g LFkku rks [+kwc <w¡<+kA* ge pkSad iM+sA gekjh vksj ns[kdj dksbZ Hkh O;fDr lUnsg dj ldrk FkkA ge ,dk,d ogk¡ ls py fn;sA dqN gh {k.k ckn lSfud ykfj;ksa us 1- LdkWVyS.M ;kMZ baXyS.M ds tklwl foHkkx dk uke gSA vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 723

iqy dks ?ksj fy;k vkSj vkus tkus okys dh ryk'kh yh tkus yxhA ge cky&cky cp x;sA ckr ;g gqbZ Fkh fd gesa igpku dj vFkok lUnsgo'k fdlh tklwl us rjq Ur xoueZ .s V gkml dks Vys hiQ+ kus dj fn;k FkkA blh dkj.k ok;ljk; egkns ; ugha vk;sA blls ge cgqr fujk'k gks x;sA dqN vkReXykfu&lh Hkh ekywe gksus yxhA lkspus yxs μ D;k ge mruk Hkh ugha dj ik;saxs\\ ijUrq ;g voLFkk dqN vfèkd nsj ugha jghA 'kh?kz gh gesa irk py x;k fd ok;ljk; egksn; mÙkj dh vksj ls Mcfyu vk jgs gSaA laokn&i=kksa esa rks çdkf'kr gks pqdk Fkk fd os fons'k x;s gSaA lEikndksa dks 'kk;n ;g fo'okl Hkh Fkk] ijUrq gesa rks [+kwc ekywe Fkk fd os ^çQ+ pas ikdZ dks jkLdkeu* eas vius fe=kkas ds lkFk vkuUn fogkj eas fueXu FkAs ogk¡ ij os fcYdqy vkjf{kr FksA cgqr FkksM+h&lh lsuk ogk¡ jgrh FkhA ^ykSt* Hkh dksbZ cM+h et+cwr u FkhA ge ogk¡ ij cM+h lqxerk ls mu ij vkØe.k dj liQy gks ldrs Fks] ijUrq geus tku&cw>dj oSlk ugha fd;kA ge ml txr çfl¼ O;fDr ij] txr çfl¼ iQkfs uDl ikdZ vk;y.S M eas vxa tsz h+ 'kfDr dk e[q ; dUs æ ds Bhd }kj ij vkØe.k djds leLr lalkj dk è;ku viuh vksj vkd£\"kr djuk pkgrs FksA t+jk lksfp;s rks ftl fnu laokn&i=kksa esa ;g lekpkj fudysxk] ¶vk;jyS.M&fLFkr vaxzst+ksa ds loksZifj çfrfufèk] fczfV'k lsuk ds i+QhYM ek'kZy] iQksfuDl ikdZ ds Bhd lkeus] tgk¡ ij fd dqN gh feuV esa chl gt+kj ls vfèkd lc çdkj ds vkèkqfud 'kL=kksa ls lqlfTtr lSfud vk ,d=k gks ldrs gSa] ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds }kjk ekj fn;s x;sA¸ μ ml fnu dSlk yqRi+Q vk;sxk\\ D;k ;g lekpkj i<+dj lalkjHkj ds yksx ;g u dgus yxsaxs fd os ohj ØkfUrdkjh lPps ns'kHkDr gSaA os Hkh# ugha] dk;j ugha] cksns ugha] LokFkhZ ugha gSa! mUgsa dqN u dqN f'kdk;r t+:j gSA ijUrq og gS D;k\\ mls tkuus ds fy, yksx vèkhj u gks mBsaxs\\---gk¡ ogh rks! gesa fo'oLr lw=k ls irk py x;k fd ok;ljk; egksn; 19 fnlEcj 1919 ds fnu ok;ljhxy ykSt iQksfuDl ikdZ esa igq¡psaxsA cM+s&cM+s vi+Qlj μ ;gk¡ rd fd ykSt ds çcUèkd bl lekpkj ls vufHkK j[ks x;s FksA ijUrq gesa rks frfFk ds lkFk le; Hkh ekywe FkkA ge rks ;g Hkh tku x;s Fks fd 11 ctdj 40 feuV ij mudh xkM+h VehZul u tkdj ,s'kVkmu LVs'ku ij gh [kM+h gks tk;sxhA dSls irk pyk] ;g crkus dk vHkh le; ugha vk;kA ,s'kVkmu Mcfyu uxj ds dsUæ ls 4 ehy dh nwjh ij ehFk dh vksj tkus okyh lqUnj je.khd lM+d ds fudV gSA mls cM+h lM+d ls lEcfUèkr djus ds fy, ,d NksVh&lh lM+d tkrh gS tksfd 200 xt yEch gSA nksuksa lM+dksa ds laxe ij ,d ljk; Hkh gSA vk;fj'k Hkk\"kk esa ,sls gh lkoZtfud LFkku dks 724 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

,s'kVkmu dgrs gSaA LVs'ku dh lM+d cM+h lM+d ls xqt+jdj lhèkh iQksfuDl ikdZ dks pyh tkrh gSA iQksfuDl ikdZ cM+h lM+d ls 100 xt dh nwjh ij gS] mlds fudV vkSj dksbZ cLrh ugha gS] ijUrq ?kqM+nkSM+ ds ?kksM+ksa dks mrkjus vkSj p<+kus ds fy, gh ;g LVs'ku cuk;k x;k FkkA ge vkèk ?k.Vk igys nks&nks dh fxurh esa lkbfdy ysdj ogk¡ igq¡ps vkSj vifjfpr yksxksa dh Hkk¡fr ogk¡ tkdj cSB x;s] vkSj Ñf\"k ;k i'kq&ikyu lEcUèkh fo\"k;ksa dh ckrphr djus yxs] ijUrq gesa mlesa Hkh cgqr vlqfoèkk gqbZA gekjs dbZ O;fDr rks bu nksuksa fo\"k;ksa ls ,dne vufHkK FksA T;ksa&T;ksa le; fudV vkus yxk] R;ksa&R;ksa gekjh mRlqdrk Hkh c<+us yxhA ge X;kjg O;fDr FksA pkj rks os gh] rFkk fed eDS MkuYM (Mick Macdonald), Vke D;kgs (Tom Keogh), ekfVuZ lcS ts vkfn lkr O;fDr vkjS FkAs geeas ls dos y lkr ds ikl fjokYoj FkAs ekfVuZ rks mlh fnu ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A le; iwjk gksrs u gksrs Mcfyu esVªksiksfyVu iqfyl ds flikgh vk èkedsA os lM+d ij [kM+s gks x;sA vUnj cSBs gq, ,d flikgh igjs ij [kM+k ut+j vk;kA mldh ck¡dh Vksih] vHkh&vHkh ikfy'k fd;s gq, cwV] pedrh gqbZ csy vkSj HkM+dhys cnu ns[kdj ekywe gksrk Fkk fd os egk'k; ltèkt esa dksbZ dlj NksM+dj ugha vk;s FksA mlds ikl fjokYoj Hkh FkkA ckn esa lSfudksa dh eksVj ykfj;k¡ Hkh vk xb±A LVs'ku ds ikl lM+d esa iqfyl gh iqfyl Hkj x;hA ;g gesa igys Hkh ekywe FkkA geus lHkh yksxksa ds LFkku Hkh igys ls gh fuf'pr dj j[ks FksA lhVh luq k;h nh] lHkh pkdaS iMAs+ ,d us nlw js dh vkjs n[s kk ijUrq fgys ughAa ,d {k.kHkj dh rst+h ls cuk&cuk;k [ksy fcxM+ ldrk FkkA fiQj geus LVs'ku ls eksVjksa ds pyus dk Loj Hkh lqukA ckgj fudydj [kM+s gq,A dk;Z dh Ldhe ;g Fkh fd ok;ljk; egkns ; nlw jh ekVs j eas vk;xas As vr% ftl le; igyh ekVs j xqt+j tk;s] ml le; eSa] Jh D;ksg rFkk Jh ekfVZu lScst ogk¡ [kM+s NdM+s dks <dsydj nwljh eksVj ds lkeus [kM+k dj nsa] rkfd og eksVj ogha #d tk;sA geus NdM+s dks [khapuk 'kq: fd;k] ijUrq μ vksgA ;g rks cgqr Hkkjh FkkA ml vfHku; dk igys fjglZy Hkh rks u fd;k Fkk] [k+Sj ml le; mls T;ksa&R;ksa [khapkA ijUrq D;k ns[krk gw¡ fd ogh Mcfyu esVªksiksfyVu iqfyl dk flikgh esjs lkeus [kMk+ ] e>q s vkxs tkus ls euk dj jgk gAS mlus e>q s cMs+ ;Ru ls ;g le>kus dh ps\"Vk dh fd vHkh ;gk¡ ls ok;ljk; xqt+jus okys gSa] ijUrq eSa Hkyk mls fdu 'kCnksa esa le>krk fd mUgha ls rks vHkh gekjh fo'ks\"k eqyko+Qkr gksus dks gSA eSaus igys rks pkgk fd mldh dqN ijokg gh u d:¡_ ijUrq og ew[kZ rks viuh gh gk¡ds tk jgk FkkA fjokYoj dk ç;ksx djuk Hkh vuqfpr FkkA xksyh ds 'kCn ls ;fn lkjh lSfud 'kfDr pkSdUuh gks x;h] rks Hkh lkjk dke fcxM+ tk;sxkA djsa vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 725

rks D;k\\ bèkj le; O;FkZ u\"V gks jgk FkkA vkf[k+j yksgs dk lha[kpk mlds flj ij ns ekjkA og ogha yksV&iksV gks x;kA mèkj gekjh vlqfoèkk dks ns[k gekjs ,d lkFkh us ce Hkh iQsad fn;k FkkA ijUrq mlus fiu fudky fn;k FkkA ce iQVkA gekjs ?kko rks ugha vk;]s ijUrq èked ls ,d ckj rks lHkh èkjk'kk;h gks x;sA mBs rks igyh eksVj vk igq¡ph FkhA mlds xqt+jrs gh geus NdM+k t+jk vkSj vkxs èkdsydj ml ij xksyh NksM+ nhA igyh eksVj rks gok gks x;h vkSj nwljh ogha #d x;hA eksVj ij gekjs lkFkh ceksa dh o\"kkZ djus yxsA 'k=kq dh xksyh ds fu'kkus ds lkFk&lkFk muds fcYdqy ikl jgus ds dkj.k vius lkfFk;ksa }kjk iQsads x;s ceksa dh tn esa Hkh ge FksA vkSj nwljh vksj ls ,d vkSj lSfud ykjh xksfy;k¡ cjlkrh gqbZ vk èkedhA esjh ckb± Vk¡x esa xkys h yxhA n[s kHkky djus dk rks volj ugha Fkk] ijUrq bruk t:+ j vuHq ko gvq k fd xksyh ml ikj fudy x;h gSA ml le; flikgh yksx cgqr ?kcjk x;s FksA ojuk ge yksxksa ds fy, ogk¡ vfèkd nsj rd ft+Unk cps jguk ,dne vlEHko FkkA---ijUrq vkg! ,d funZ;h xksyh cspkjs ekfVZu lScst ds vk gh yxhA vkg! cspkjk esjh xksn esa vk jgkA Hkksyk&lk ;g lqUnj ckyd] fdrus pko vkSj mRlkg ls vHkh ,d ?k.Vk igys vk;fj'k LorU=krk rFkk vkReksRlxZ ds ohjrkiw.kZ xhr xkrk vk jgk Fkk vkSj vc---vc og mUgha dks fØ;kRed :i ns jgk FkkA eSaus mls i`Foh ij fyVk fn;kA gksaB fgyrs ns[k] >qdk rks mlds eUn {kh.k Loj esa ;g lqu ik;kA ^MsuA eSa tkrk gw¡] ijUrq laxzke tkjh j[kksA* og d#.kktud n`'; eq>s dHkh ugha HkwysxkA ekuks r#.k vk;jyS.M vius jDr ls LorU=krk dh iqLrd dh Hkwfedk fy[kus dh rS;kjh esa FkkA vkg! og n`'; dHkh ugha Hkwy ldw¡xkA eSa ml x+jhc dk flj xksn esa fy, cSBk mldk vfUre lUns'k lqu jgk Fkk] vkSj pkjksa vksj ls xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ gks jgh FkhA vius ohj lkFkh dh ohjxfr ij] mudh 'kkds tud e`R;q ij vkl¡ w cgkus dk volj dgk¡ Fkk\\ ftl ohj us 1916 eas igyh ckj vius ns'k ds fy, 'kL=k mBk;k Fkk] ogh vkt] vius ns'k ds fy, gh yM+rs gq, LoxZ&èkke flèkkj x;kA og vk;fj'k ekrk dh lsok ds fy, thrk jgk vkSj vUr esa mlh ds pj.kksa esa viuk çk.kksRlxZ dj x;kA ce [k+Re gks x;s] fiLrkSy [k+kyh gks x;h] ,d lkFkh ekjk x;k] dqN nsj ckn xksyh pyuh Hkh cUn gks x;hA ge ml ljk; esa tk igq¡psA ogk¡ ls xksyh pykus dh lkspus yxk rks [kkdh onhZ okyk dkbs Z Hkh u nh[k iMk+ A lc jiQ&w pDdj gks pdq s FkAs ogk¡ ij ekVs j dk t[+ e+ h Mªkboj] ftlls ckn esa ,d ckj vkSj esjk okLrk] fcYdqy foijhr voLFkk esa iMk+ ] rFkk t[+ e+ h Jh ekfVuZ dk 'ko iMk+ FkkA Jh ekfVuZ dk 'ko ljk; eas NkMs d+ j ge yksx lkbfdyksa ij uxj dh vksj py fn;sA 726 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

lkrok¡ ifjPNns ok;ljk; cky&cky cp x;k ftl nqdku ;k ljk; ij igys vkdj cSBs Fks] ogha ij Jh lScst dk flj j[kdj ge yksxksa us lkaxzkfed eU=k.kk dhA ge cM+s g\"kZ vkSj pko ls viuh liQyrk dh vkykspuk dj jgs Fks] ;g lkspdj fd lSfud ykjh ok;ljk; egksn; dk 'ko ek=k gh ys tk ik;h gS] ge iQwy mBrsA [k+Sj! 'ks\"k ukS lkfFk;ksa dks ¯dfpr ek=k [kjkpas rd ugha vk;hA dos y eaS gh cjq h rjg ?kk;y gks x;k FkkA ejs s ?kko ls jDr dh èkkjk cg jgh FkhA vius ohj lkFkh ds 'ko ij vfUre çkFkZuk i<+dj] ge yksx viuh&viuh lkbfdyksa ij Mcfyu uxj dh vksj py fn;sA vHkh dqN vfèkd nwj ugha x;s Fks fd lhel jkfcUlu dh lkbfdy [k+jkc gks x;hA os >V dwndj Jh Vªhlh ds ihNs tk [kM+s gq,] ijUrq nks dks ysdj pyuk fdruk dfBu gS] vkSj bl fLFkfr esa fdruk gkfudkjd] ;g dksbZ Hkh vuqeku dj ldrk gSA ijUrq ;g vlqfoèkk vfèkd nsj rd ugha jghA lkeus ls ,d egk'k; viuh lkbfdy fy, iSny pys vk jgs FksA lkaxzkfed fu;eksa vkSj dÙkZO;ksa rFkk 'kkfUr ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fu;eksa ds dÙkOZ ;ksa esa cgqr vUrj gksrk gAS blh fo'okl ds dkj.k >V jkfcUlu egksn; us viuh fiLrkSy ds cy ij lkbfdy ek¡x yh] tks rqjUr fey x;hA ijUrq mu egk'k; ls ;g Hkh dg fn;k x;k fd os laè;k le; xzS'ke gksVy ds }kj ij iM+h gqbZ viuh bl lkbfdy dks ys vkosaA uxj esa ge 'kkfUriwoZd igq¡p x;sA fiQCl chjh lM+d ij fLFkr Jherh Vweh (Tomei) ds ?kj ij Bgjk;k x;kA esjs jDr ds NhaVksa ds fpÉ ls iqfyl uxj rd rks vk x;h] ijUrq fiQj mls vkxs dqN irk u py ik;k] ;gk¡ ij vPNs&vPNs MkWDVj yksx esjk bykt djus yxsA Jherh Vweh dk O;ogkj cgqr gh ç'kaluh; FkkA mlh fnu lk;adky uxjHkj esa gks&gYyk ep x;kA v[k+ckj cspus okyksa us bruk dksykgy epk;k fd cl rkSck HkyhA eSaus lquk] os fpYyk jgs Fks] ^ykWMZ ysÝ+Vhus.V ij Hkh\"k.k vkØe.k! ,Dl VkÅu ij Hk;adj ;q¼!! ,d vkØe.kdkjh dh e`R;q!!!* ijUrq ;g D;k\\ og rks ;g Hkh dg jgk gS μ ^ykWMZ egksn; lki+Q cp fudys\\* fu'p; gh gekjk lc ç;Ru fu\"iQy gks x;kA vkt gh igyh ckj ykWMZ egksn; nwljh eksVj ij u cSBdj] igyh eksVj esa p<+ cSBs FksA vkgA rHkh rk-s --A ftl xkMh+ dks Hk;Hkhr dj Hkxk nus s eas gh ge lUr\"q V gks x;s Fk]s ogh gekjs mís'; dh viw.kZrk&m|ksx dh fu\"iQyrk dk dkj.k gks x;hA ;g lekpkj gekjs fy, otzikr ls dqN de u FkkA esjs ?kkoksa dh ihM+k cgqr c<+ x;hA eq>s cgqr vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 727

nq[k gqvkA ijUrq gj le; çlUu jgus okys Jh Vªhlh us bl ckj g¡lh esa dg gh rks fn;k] ¶MsuA gj ckj rks rqEgsa ukdykax ugha fey ldrsA liQyrk dk vkuUn mBk;k gS] rks t+jk vliQyrk dk Hkh et+k p[kksA¸ ykWMZ egksn; ij fiQj dHkh vkØe.k djus dk volj gesa ugha feykA vc rks çlUu gaS fd ykWMZ egksn; ml fnu cp x;s FksA oS;fDrd :i ls rks muds çfr gesa dksbZ }s\"k ugha FkkA ge rks vius ,dek=k 'k=kq μ baXyS.M ds fo#¼ ;q¼ dj jgs FksA tks Hkh gks] iknjh yksxksa rFkk laokn&i=kksa us gesa th Hkjds dkslkA ijUrq tulkèkkj.k dh lgkuqHkwfr gekjs gh çfr FkhA os tkurs Fks fd gekjk ;g ;q¼ LorU=krk ds fy, yM+k tk jgk gS] vkSj ;g rc rd tkjh jgsxk tc rd fd ;k rks baXyS.M ?kqVuksa ds cy u >qd tk;s] ;k fiQj ge gh o+QCt+ksa esa u tk jgsaA ijUrq yksxksa ds èku ls pyus okys ^vk;fj'k bf.Mis.Ms.V* (Irish Independent) us ,d vxz&ys[k }kjk gesa th Hkjdj dkslkA uhprkiw.kZ ew[kZrk] ?k`f.kr gR;k vkfn&vkfn 'kCnksa ls og ys[k Hkjk iM+k FkkA ftl i=k us vk;fj'k çtkrU=k dh LFkkiuk ds fy, fpYy&ikSa epk;k Fkk] ogh vkt pSu ls u cSB ldkA ogh] ljdkjh deh'ku }kjk dh tkus okyh [kkst vFkok vuqlUèkku dh ijh{kk u dj gekjs e`r ohj ij ?k`f.kr vkSj uhp vk{ksi djus ij rqy iM+kA ;g ge yksxksa ds fy, ,dne vlá gks mBkA eSa rks ?kk;y gks pqdk Fkk ijUrq Jh iksMj Dysalh vius lkFk 20&25 ;qodksa dks ysdj mDr lekpkji=k ds dk;kZy; esa tk èkedsA lEiknd egksn; dks ;g trkdj fd vkt vkidk dk;kZy; o çsl LoxkZjksg.k dj tk;sxk] vius bu 'kCnksa dh lkFkZdrk dk çek.k nsus yxsA e'khusa vkfn rksM+&iQksM+dj lHkh dqN u\"V&Hkz\"V dj] os yksx ;g le>dj fd vc dqN fnu lEIkkndx.k foJke dj ik;saxs] ykSV vk;sA ijUrq vxys gh fnu vU; eqæ.kky;ksa dh lgk;rk ls i=k fu;fer :i ls çdkf'kr gksus yxkA ;g Hkh vPNk gh gqvk] D;ksafd gekjs dbZ vk;fj'k çtkrU=koknh lSfud ogk¡ ij dke djrs Fks] mUgsa csdkj ugha gksuk iM+kA bl ?kVuk ls lekpkji=kksa dh ys[ku 'kSyh esa egku vUrj vk x;kA ljdkj us {kfriw£r ds fy, mDr laokn&i=k dks 16]000 ikm.M çnku fd;s Fks] ijUrq vc og laokn&i=k vaxzst+ksa ds fo#¼ cgqr t+ksj ls fy[kus yxkA Jh ekfVZu lScst dk 'ko iqfyl ys x;h vkSj tk¡p ds ckn 'ko muds lEcfUèk;ksa dks ns fn;k x;kA Mcfyu ds iknfj;ksa us rks mUgsa o+QfczLrku esa LFkku nsus ls Hkh lki+Q bUdkj dj fn;kA Jh ekfVZu ds 'ko dk tqywl fudyk vkSj og tqywl bruk foLr`r gks x;k Fkk fd 'kk;n gh dHkh if'pe vk;jyS.M esa ,slk tyq lw n[s kus eas vk;k gkxs kA ehykas rd 'kkds xLz r ykxs vJiq kr djrs g,q ihN&s ihNs pys vk jgs FkAs fc'ki us çkFkuZ k vkfn dh ijUrq lfS ud vUr rd lcdks jk;iQ+ ykas 728 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ls ?ksjs [kM+s jgsA og ohj] èkhj vkSj fuHkhZd lSfud loZFkk bl lc lEeku dk ik=k FkkA laokn&i=kksa esa vius vkØe.k lEcUèkh fooj.k i<+dj gesa cgqr g¡lh vkrhA fy[kk Fkk] lSfudksa us ykfj;ksa esa lokj gksdj vkØe.kdkfj;ksa dk ihNk fd;kA ijUrq mlh le; esjs lkeus iQksfuDl ikdZ dh vksj Hkkx tkus okys lSfudksa dk fp=k ¯[kp x;kA vxj l'kL=k lfS udksa us eksVjksa esa cBS dj gekjk ihNk fd;k gksrk] rks ge cp dSls tkrs\\ ckn esa eq>s Mcfyu ds nf{k.k Hkkx esa Jherh eSyksu ds ?kj Hkst fn;k x;k] buls igys ls Hkh gekjk ifjp; FkkA mudk ,d iq=k 1916 ds foæksg esa ekjk x;k FkkA ogk¡ ij esjh fpfdRlk [+kwc vPNh rjg gqbZA blds dqN gh fnu igys mudh cM+h yM+dh fczf?kM eSyksu ls eSaus g¡lh esa dgk Fkk] fd vxj eSa ?kk;y gks x;k] rks lJq \"q kk dk Hkkj vki gh ij iMxs+ k] lks lp gh fudykA mudk lgokl esjs fy, vR;Ur lq[kdj Fkk vkSj blls esjs ?kko Hkh 'kh?kz gh Bhd gks x;sA bl lgokl ls gh Jherh fczf?kM eSyksu ls esjk çse gks x;k Fkk vkSj Ms<+ o\"kZ ckn gekjk fookg Hkh muls gh gqvkA og ?kVuk fdlh çdkj dh vkSiU;kfld jksekapdkjh ?kVukvksa ls de ughaA mldk fooj.k ge fiQj fy[ksaxsA 1920 ds çkjEHk esa 1919 dh ?kVukvksa dk ¯lgkoyksdu djus dk eq>s [+kwc volj fey x;kA lksyksgSMcsx dh ?kVuk ds ckn vijkèkksa] gR;kvksa vkfn dh la[;k mÙkjksÙkj c<+us yxhA dbZ LFkkuksa ij muds 'kL=k Nhu fy, x;s FksA ljdkjh fjiksVZ esa ;g ?kVuk,¡ [k+kl t+ksjnkj 'kCnksa esa fy[kh x;h FkhaA ijUrq gekjk rks th pkgrk Fkk fd vkxkeh o\"kZ esa bu ^vijkèkksa* dh la[;k cgqr c<+ p<+ tk;sA ljdkj ls budk o.kuZ djrs g,q vius vR;kpkjkas dh vkjs fun'Zs k ek=k Hkh u djus esa cgqr cqf¼erk dk ifjp; fn;k FkkA vk;fj'k çtkrU=k dks x+Sj&o+Qkuwuh ?kksf\"kr dj nsuk] fL=k;ksa rFkk ckydksa ds la?kksa dks f[k+yki+Q&o+Qkuwu o+Qjkj nsuk] LosPNk&lsod la?k dks rgl&ugl djus dk iw.kZ ç;Ru djuk] mlds fy, ekewyh ckrsa FkhaA Jh vkFkZj fxzfiQFk us rks fy[kk gS fd ^leLr vk;fj'k tkfr* x+Sj&o+Qkuwuh ?kksf\"kr dj nh x;h FkhA vHkh (ml le;) rks ljdkj us jkf=k ds ?k.Vs*1 (Curfew) ugha yVdk;s Fks] vHkh rks mlus fcLrjksa esa lks;s gq, funksZ\"k O;fDr;ksa dks ekj Mkyus dk m|ksx Hkh 'kq: ugha fd;k FkkA xk¡o ds xk¡o tyk nsuk] Hkkxus dk ç;Ru djus ds vijkèk eSa o+QSfn;ksa dks xksyh ls ekj nsuk] iknfj;ksa 1- bl ?k.Vs ds ctus ds ckn vius ?kj ls fudyus dh l[+r eqekfu;r jgrh gS vkSj fudyus okys veweu iqfyl dh xksfy;ksa ds f'kdkj gksrs gSaA vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 729

rFkk ckydkas dh gR;k,]¡ vk;fj'k efgykvkas dh ykPa Nuk μ ;g lc ckras rks vHkh rd ugha gqbZ FkhaA eSa ;g lc D;ksa dgrk gw¡] dsoy blfy, fd ljdkj us tc vius bu vkjEHk ds gh vR;kpkjksa dk mYys[k rd u fd;k Fkk] rks ckn dks ;s lc vR;kpkj çnks\"k dk ?k.Vk ctus ij iqfyl dh xksfy;ksa dh ckSNkj ls fuR; chlksa L=kh&iq#\"kksa dks lnk loZnk ds fy, vuUr fuæk esa lqyk nsuk vkfn---yksxksa ds lkeus dSls vk ldrk gS\\ 1920 dh olUr ½rq esa] eSa ml vfr lqUnj rFkk je.khd xzsUFke LVªhV ds ?kj dks NksM+ rkjk ioZr ds ikl ^jk;yehFk* esa tk jgkA ;g ,sfrgkfld LFkku gS] ogk¡ ij jgrs gq, vk;jyS.M ds mTToy Hkwr rFkk Hkfo\"; ds u tkus D;k D;k fopkj esjs fny esa vk&vkdj eq>s jksekafpr dj x;sA 1099 ds foæksgh ohj Hkh blh LFkku ij èkjk'kk;h gksdj ohjxfr dks çkIr gq, FksA ogha ij >qddj u tkus fdruh ckj geus ;g çkFkZuk dh ¶mudh bPNk] mRdVsPNk μ ftlds fy, mUgksaus viuk loZLo U;ksNkoj dj fn;k Fkk vkt gekjs gh ;qx esa iw.kZ gks tk;sA¸ ;gk¡ ij gekjk cgqr ls fe=kksa ls ifjp; gqvkA dqN fnu ckn vdeZ.;rk pqHkus yxh] mèkj dkdZ ykWMZes;j Jh Vk;jeSd dVZu ?kj ls lks;s gq, ifjokj ds lkeus iqfyl }kjk ekj fn;s x;sA vkSj Hkh cgqr&lh ,slh gh vR;kpkjiw.kZ gR;k,¡ gqb±A rqjUr Mcfyu igq¡pkA lHkh fe=kksa ls eU=k.kk dh vksj fiQj eSa rFkk Jh Vªhlh lkbfdy ys fVçsjh dks py fn;sA ml fnu ogk¡ 12 ekl ds i'pkr ços'k fd;k FkkA 1920 ds bZLVj lIrkg esa Jh jkfcUlu rFkk eSaus] Mcfyu esa bZLVj ds mRlo esa lfEefyr gksus dk n`<+ fu'p; dj fy;kA Jh foulS.V ds lkFk ge Hkh eksVjksa esa cSBdj mèkj py fn;sA 1916 ds foæksg ds ckn ls vaxzst+h lsuk bu fnuksa esa fo'ks\"k rS;kjh djrh] uxj ls dbZ&dbZ ehy ckgj rd ekspZscUnh dh tkrh rFkk çR;sd vkus tkus okyh eksVj dh ryk'kh yh tkrhA ijUrq gesa bl ckr dk è;ku gh u FkkA àkbV gkWy VªkEcs Vjfeul ds ikl igq¡pus ij ,d eksM+ ij eqM+rs gh gekjh ,d lSfud ykjh ls HksaV gks x;hA os gekjh ryk'kh ysus ds fy, #d x;sA ijUrq gekjh Hkksyh vkÑfr ls çHkkfor gksdj lSfudksa ds vè;{kksa us gekjh ryk'kh fy, fcuk gh] lSfudksa dks pyus dh vkKk ns nhA ge cgqr çlUu gq,A [+kwc th [kksydj g¡l gh jgs Fks fd ^Bgjks* dk 'kCn lqudj pkSad iM+sA D;k ns[kk] ekspkZ&lk cuk gqvk gS vkSj o+Qjhc 20 lSfud jk;i+Qysa fy;s ogk¡ [kM+s gSaA g¡lh rks x;h gh] lkFk gh vc foifÙk dh vk'kadk ls dqN ?kcjk;s HkhA [k+Sj! lkeus ls ,d vi+Qlj gkFk esa fjokYoj fy, vkxs c<+k vkSj mlus dgk fd eq>s vkidh eksVj dh ryk'kh ysuh gSA eSaus vR;Ur lgt Hkko ls dgk] vki fu%ladksp gh ryk'kh ys yhft;s ijUrq gesa t+jk tYnh gSA dk;Z cgqr t+:jh gS ¯dfpr ek=k dh nsjh gksus ls gekjh Hkkjh gkfu gks ldrh 730 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

gSA {k.kHkj lkspdj mUgksaus gesa pys tkus dh vkKk ns nhA ge eksVj dh ryk'kh ysus dh vkKk u ns ldrs Fks] D;ksafd mlesa rks cgqr dqN jk;i+Qysa] fjokYoj vkfn Hkjs iM+s FksA ij ;fn muesa ls fdlh us ryk'kh ysus dk ç;Ru Hkh fd;k gksrk tks ;gh ç;Ru mudk vfUre ç;Ru gksrkA tks Hkh gks mu fnuksa esa flok; gekjh eksVj ds dksbZ Hkh eksVj ,slh u tk ik;h ftudh mu yksxksa us ryk'kh u yh gks! lkSHkkX;! vkBok¡ ifjPNns tujy ywdlk dks o+SQn] iqfyl cSjdksa ij vkØe.k iqfyl okyksa us cSjdksa ls fudyuk cUn dj fn;kA NksVs&NksVs cSjdksa ds fuR; çfr tyk;s tkus ds lekpkj vk jgs FksA ljdkj us Hkh vc cM+h pkfS d;k¡ cuokuh 'kq: dj nhaA muds edku cM+s lqn`<+ rFkk lqjf{kr gksrs vkSj iqfyl okys vfèkdrj mUgha esa fNis iM+s jgrsA geus lkspk] ;fn ioZr gtjr eqgEen ds ikl ugha tkrs] tks gtjr egq Een dks gh muds ikl tkuk gkxs kA vxj ifq yl okys ckgj ugha vkrs rks gesa gh ogk¡ tkuk gksxkA ml le; muds vR;kpkjksa ds dkj.k tulkèkkj.k esa Hkh muds fo#¼ cgqr ?k`.kk c<+ pqdh FkhA nwljh vksj ljdkj cnek'kksa dks mRlkfgr dj] vijkèkksa ds fy, mÙksftr djus yxhA ;gk¡ rd fd gR;k ds vijkèkh Hkh funksZ\"k dgdj eqDr dj fn;s tkrsA blh volj ij vk;fj'k LosPNk lsod yksxksa dh j{kk dk dk;Z djus yxs] ftlls çtk dh muds çfr lgkuqHkwfr vkSj Hkh c<+ x;hA bUgha fnuksa esa fu'p; fd;k x;k fd vc iqfyl pkfS d;ksa ij vkØe.k djuk pkfg,A lcls igyk vkØe.k vkbZjkXySu esa gqvkA bl vkØe.k dk usr`Ro Jh fy;e¯yp ds gkFk esa FkkA vki vk;fj'k fjifCydu (çtkrU=k) lsuk ds çeq[k dk;ZdrkZ FksA muls esjk ifjp; 1919 dh 'kjn ½rq esa gqvk FkkA ml le; os Hkh esjh rjg nkSjs ij gh FksA mUgksaus iQekZ;s ds fxjts esa tkrs gq, 12 flikfg;ksa dh jk;i+Qysa Nhu yh FkhaA yM+kbZ esa ,d flikgh ekjk x;k Fkk vkjS fy;e egk'k; ?kk;y gks x;s FksA mlds çfrdkj esa ml le; iqfyl okyksa us cgqr&lh nqdkusa ywV yh FkhaA mUgha fy;e¯yp ds usr`Ro esa vkbZjkXySu dk ;g liQy vkØe.k gqvk FkkA blds ckn ,slh gh nwljh ?kVuk Dys;j esa Jh ekbZdsy czsuu ds usr`Ro vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 731

esa gqbZA mUgksaus ogk¡ ds lkjs 'kL=k rFkk ck:n vkfn Nhu fy,A rhljk vkØe.k yS.MlZ dh pkSdh ij gqvkA ;gk¡ ij rhu flikgh ?kk;y gks x;s vkSj pkSdh tyk nh x;hA ,d ckj lhueSyksu uk;d FksA bèkj geus fVçsjh igq¡pdj ;gh dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA ,d ckj rks jkrHkj yM+kbZ gksrh jghA ge lM+dksa ij cM+s&cM+s o`{k dkV dj Mky nsrs] rkfd lSfud ykfj;k¡ èkM+kèkM+ u py ik;saA Vsyhi+Qksu vkfn ds rkj dkV Mkyrs] edku ds vkeus&lkesu tgk¡ dgha LFkku feyrk] cSBdj NksVh eksVh [k+ku esa ck:n Hkj dj mls ,dk,d mM+k nsrs vkSj fiQj mu yksxksa dks vkReleiZ.k djus dk vkns'k nsrsA mijksDr ?kVuk ds le; iqfyl okys Hkh MV x;sA mUgksaus vkKk dk ikyu ugha fd;kA [+kwc yM+kbZ gqbZA vkf[k+j mUgksaus vkReleiZ.k dj fn;kA mUgsa ^ekpZ* dh vkKk ns ckgj fudkykA muds 'kL=kkfn Nhu fy, vkSj mUgsa NksM+ fn;kA ml le; çkr%dky gks pqdk FkkA ;g 4 twu 1920 dh ?kVuk gSA Bhd mlh fnu dSiOgkbZV ij Hkh vkØe.k gqvk FkkA bu lc vkØe.kksa esa gekjs 30&40 O;fDr gqvk djrs FksA gekjs rhuksa vkØe.kksa esa fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks dksbZ ?kko ugha yxk FkkA bUgha fnuksa] 27 twu 1920 ds fnu lhu eSyksu egk'k; us fdyeSyksd iqfyl LVs'ku ij tksfd uxj ds Bhd eè; esa LFkkfir Fkk] vkØe.k dj fn;k] [+kwc yM+kbZ gqbZ] edku esa vkx yxk nh x;hA ijUrq vkØe.kdkfj;ksa esa ls Jh LdYyh ekjs x;sA vr% ;q¼ jksd nsuk iM+kA foi{kh ny ds 2 ejs] 6 ?kk;y gq, vkjS tks 2 vkRelei.Z k dh eU=k.kk nsus ds vijkèk eas ,d dejs esa cUn fd;s x;s Fks] os ogha ty ejsA vk;fj'k&LosPNk&lsod la?k ds ,d çeq[k dk;ZdrkZ ckWc ckVZu jktæksg ds vijkèk esa nl o\"kZ ds fy, dkjkxkj esa cUn dj fn;s x;sA ljdkj dk ,dne ,slk vuqfpr O;ogkj ns[kdj fu'p; fd;k x;k fd fczxsM tujy ywdl dks idM+ fy;k tk;sA os mu fnuksa iQekZ; esa eNfy;ksa dk f'kdkj [ksyus x;s gq, FksA mUgsa rFkk muds nks lkfFk;ksa dks ¯yp egksn; o+SQn dj yk;sA os yksx eksVj esa cSBs&cSBs vjch Hkk\"kk esa ckrphr djus yxsA bldk lkjka'k rks dqN feuV ckn Lor% gh Li\"V gks x;k] tc mUgksaus ,dne vkØe.k dj fn;kA muesa ls ,d O;fDr ?kk;y gks x;kA ywdl dks rks ¯yp egksn; lkFk ys vk;s] ijUrq 'ks\"k nksuksa dks mUgksaus iQekZ; dh iqfyl pkSdh esa igq¡pk fn;kA ifj.kkeLo:i ljdkj us iQekZ; uxj dks tyk MkykA tks Hkh gks] ywdl egk'k; dks o+SQn j[kk x;kA os ,d ohj lSfud FksA muds lkFk cgqr lgkuqHkwfriw.kZ O;ogkj fd;k tkrk jgkA bl ckr dks ckn esa mUgksaus Hkh Lohdkj fd;kA mUgsa iwoZ fyEedZ ds ,d edku esa o+SQn fd;k x;kA ogha ls os 29 tqykbZ dks Hkkx fudysA 732 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

mèkj fuR; çfr Mkd yqV tkus ds dkj.k ljdkj us fyEedZ uxj ls fyEedZ taD'ku rd lSfud ykfj;k¡ Hkstus dk çcUèk dj fn;k FkkA geus bl ikVhZ ij vkØe.k djus ds fy, 30 tqykbZ dk fnu fuf'pr fd;kA mèkj ywdl egk'k; dgha nkMS r+ &s Hkkxrs bu ekVs jokykas ls tk feyAs mUgkuas s vkidks ekVs j eas fcBk fy;kA blh ykjh ij geus vkØe.k fd;kA yM+kbZ esa flikfg;ksa ds nks lkFkh ekjs x;sA nwljs fnu laokn&i=kksa esa ^tujy ywdl dks iqu% fxjÝ+rkj djus dk fu\"iQy m|ksx* 'kh\"kZd ns[kdj gh gesa ekywe gqvk fd ywdl egk'k; Hkkx fudys FksA tks Hkh gks] bl çdkj dh ?kVukvksa dh la[;k fuR; çfr vfèkd gksrh tk jgh Fkh vkSj mèkj iqfyl ds vR;kpkj Hkh c<+rs pys tk jgs FksA uok¡ ifjPNns mMk+ Å tRFkk eSaus vius ny ds lkeus ,d u;k çLrko j[kkA ;fn çR;sd dkm.Vh esa ,d&,d mM+kÅ tRFkk LFkkfir fd;k tk;s rks cgqr lqfoèkk gksA vFkkZr vc rd rks gekjs lkjs vkØe.k mu yksxksa ij fuHkZj jgs] tks jkrHkj gekjs lkFk jgrs vkSj çkr% gksrs gh vius ?kjksa dks ykSV tkrsA mudh ikfjokfjd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ dbZ ckj muds dk;Z eas fo?udkjh fl¼ gkrs h FkhAa vr% ejs k rks ;gh vuHq ko Fkk fd ;¼q eas Hkjkls k mUgha yksxksa ij fd;k tk ldrk gS tksfd gj le; lkFk jgsaA fVªçsjh ds LosPNk&lsodksa dh lgk;rk ikus dh vk'kk ls ukdykax okyh ?kVuk ds le; gesa cM+h vlqfoèkk gqbZ Fkh! fiQj os yksx jkrHkj rks yM+rs] fnu dks mUgsa ?kj ykSV vkuk vko';d gks tkrkA vkSj ;fn 20&30 ehy dh nwjh ij ;q¼ djus dh Burh rks vkSj Hkh dfBukbZ dk lkeuk gksrkA vc lgÏksa ;qod gekjs bnZ&fxnZ ,d=k gksus yxsA mUgsa Hkh laxfBr rFkk f'kf{kr djus ds fy, cgqr ls dk;ZdrkZvksa dh vko';drk FkhA mu tRFkksa dks lqIrçk;% ns'kksa esa Hkstdj ogk¡ Hkh mFky&iqFky epk;h tk ldrh FkhA vUr esa esjk çLrko Lohdkj gks x;kA vaxzst+ yksx Hkh cM+k mxz :i èkkj.k dj jgs FksA mUgksaus iqfyl okyksa dks vlhe vfèkdkj ns Mkys! os yksx dHkh Hkh fdlh Hkh O;fDr dks ckt+kj esa ?ksj dj mldh ryk'kh ys MkyrsA tc] tgk¡ th esa vkrk] ftls cu iM+rk] fo+Qys esa ys tkrs] rFkk mUgsa gekjs lEcUèk esa lwpuk,¡ nsus ds fy, mRihfM+r fd;k djrsA os yksx bPNkuqlkj fdlh uxj esa fdlh Hkh Hkkx dks ?ksj ysrs vkSj dbZ dbZ fnuksa rd NksVs NksVs dejksa ls ysdj vV~Vkfydkvksa rd gekjh ryk'k fd;k djrsA vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 733

lcls eq[; ckr rks Fkh ^gR;kjs ny* dh LFkkiukA mlesa HkwriwoZ lSfud rFkk lkèkkj.k vijkèkksa ds o+SQnh vkfn gh FksA mu yksxksa dks Hkkjh osru fn;s tkrs vkSj ;g fo'okl fnyk;k tkrk fd muds fdlh Hkh dk;Z dk mÙkjnkf;Ro mu ij u Mkyk tk;sxkA mudk dÙkZO; Fkk fd os ØkfUrdkfj;ksa dks tgk¡ dgha ikosa] fuLlda kps ekj MkyAas mlds fy, Hkh mUgas fo'k\"s k çek.kkas dh vko';drk u gkrs hA ftl fdlh ij mUgsa ¯dfpr ek=k Hkh lUnsg gks mls gh os ekj Mkyrs FksA ,slh n'kk esa gesa vusd vlqfoèkkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ,slh Hk;adj n'kk esa Hkh mDr tRFks dk vfLrRo lkèkkj.k flikfg;ksa rFkk lSfudksa ls xqIr j[kk x;k FkkA ijUrq ge yksxksa dks rks mu yksxksa ds ckjs esa cgqr dqN Kkr gks pqdk FkkA fdl O;fDr us fdl gR;k esa Hkkx fy;k gS] ;g Hkh gels fNik u FkkA dkSu fdl M~;wVh ij yxk;k x;k g]S ge [+kwc tku x;s FksA muds çeq[k dk;dZ rkvZ ksa ds fp=k Hkh gekjs ikl fo|eku Fks] tksfd geus vius lHkh fe=kksa esa ck¡V fn;s FksA ,d fnu eSa Hkh bu yksxksa ds iQUns esa iQ¡l x;kA jkr ds X;kjg ct pqds FksA 12 cts ds ckn ?kjksa ls ckgj jg] funZ;h vaxzst+ lSfudksa dh xksfy;ksa dh fujUrj ckSNkj ls ejuk lHkh dks ukilUn Fkk vkSj gesa rks og fo'ks\"k rkSj ls! 'kh?kz gh ^djs kys us * ds ?kj igp¡q us ds fopkj ls ,d dkj ij p<+ x;kA eaS ml le; uyS lu fiYyj ds ikl FkkA esjs lkFk gh ik¡p O;fDr vkSj p<+sA eSaus mUgsa igpku fy;kA os lHkh mlh ^gR;kjk ny* ds lnL; FksA muesa nks rks esjs lkFk gh ,d cSap ij esjs nk;sa ck;sa cSB x;sA d:¡ rks D;k\\ 'kkfUr ds vfrfjDr dksbZ mik; u FkkA flxjsV fudkydj lqyxk fy;kA dqN nsj rd os Hkh fcYdqy 'kkUr gksdj cSBs jgsA lkspk] 'kk;n fdlh vU; dk;Z ds fy, fdlh vksj tk jgs gksaxsA esjk rks mUgsa è;ku Hkh ugha gksxkA ,slh ckr lkspdj ân; dh mf}Xurk dks 'kkUr djus dh ps\"Vk dj gh jgk Fkk fd ,dk,d mu nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dks tksfd esjs nkfgus ck;sa cBS s Fk]s gkFk ,dk,d tcs kas eas ?klq ]s vkjS os dNq fudkyus yxAs e>q s ;g lc le> tkus esa dqN nsjh ugha yxhA eSaus rqjUr viuk fjokYoj fudky fy;kA esjh bl rst+h ls os ?kcjk mBsA eSaus viuk fjokYoj muds lkeus rku fn;kA os rhuksa uhps mrj x;s vkSj eSa HkhA ijUrq vc D;k gksxk\\ xksyh pysxh rks vHkh cgqr ls lSfud vk ,d=k gksaxsA FkksM+h nsj ckn jkf=k dk ?k.Vk ct mBsxkA lHkh yksx ?kjksa esa ?kql tk;saxs vkSj f'kdkjh lSfud xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ 'kq: dj nsaxsA ogk¡ ij {k.kHkj Bgj dj eSa ls.V tkslsiQ Vsfjl dh vksj Hkkx fudykA rhu gh pkj o+Qne tkdj ogha [kM+k FkiFki djrk jgkA os le>s cgqr rst+h ls Hkkx jgk gw¡A os fxjts ds ikl okyh lM+d ls eq>s esjs jkLrs eas vkxs ls jksdus ds fopkj ls nkSM+s] ij eSa vkxs u c<+ ykSV vk;kA brus esa vfUre Vªke&dkj vk;h vkSj eSa >V ls dwndj mlh eas p<+ cSBkA eSa ;g u le> ik;k fd muds 'ks\"k nks lkFkh D;ksa 'kkUr Hkko ls 734 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

ogha cBS s jgAs foifÙk ds le; vius lgdkfj;kas dk lkFk nus k 'kk;n muds dÙkOZ ;kas esa ls u FkkA vLrq] ml fnu eSa Mªe dks.Mªk ds Ý+ys¯ex ds ifjokj esa tk BgjkA ijUrq ml fnu ls n`<+ fu'p; dj fy;k fd vc dHkh Hkh vdsys ckgj ugha tkÅx¡ kA nlok¡ ifjPNns LFkku&LFkku ij ;q¼ bl ckj gesa cgqr fnuksa rd Mcfyu esa gh Bgjs jguk iM+kA dkj.k ;g Fkk vc rd rks gekjs eq[; dsUæ okys lnSo gekjk fojksèk gh djrs jgs FksA fdUrq vc gekjh liQyrk ls çHkkfor gksdj os yksx gekjh vksj >qdus yxsA mUgksaus dqN mRlkg c<k+ ;k vkjS dNq dk;ØZ e Hkh fuf'pr djus dh ckr lkps us yxAs bu fnukas fudEes jguk iM+rkA le; fcrkus ds fopkj ls vfèkdrj xSfyd eYy'kkyk esa pys tk;k djrsA ij ogk¡ Hkh ml fnu ,d Hkkjh foifÙk vk iM+h! dlS s\\ ;g lksp ysuk dYiuk 'kfDr ls ckgj gSA ge x+jhc rks Fks ghA dgha dqN èkukfn ns[k ikrs rks eq¡g esa ikuh Hkj vkrkA ml fnu rk'k ds lkFk dqN tqvk Hkh gqvk vkSj lkSHkkX;o'k dqN thr Hkh fy;kA ijUrq vc ,d cM+h Hkkjh fpUrk us vk ?ksjkA ftruh tYnh gks lds] mls [+kpZ dj nsuk pkfg,A D;ksafd D;k tkus dc yM+kbZ esa ekjs tk;sa vkSj fiQj fdlh lkglh flikgh dks gekjh tsc esa ls fudkyus dk ekSo+Qk fey tk;s vkSj og gekjk tkes&lsgr gh ihrk fiQjsA ogk¡ ls ge ?kqM+nkSM+ esa vius HkkX; dh vkt+ekb'k djus x;s] ogk¡ Hkh cgqr dqN thr fy;kA tks Hkh thrk ml lHkh ij dsoy esjk gh ugha] cfYd lHkh yksxksa dk leku vfèkdkj FkkA gekjs NksVs ls ny ls vfèkd O;kogkfjd lkE;oknh vkSj dgk¡ feyrs\\ ge flusek ns[kus x;sA n'kk ;g Fkh fd iqfyl vkfn Hkh iwjh 'kfDr ds lkFk ge yksxksa dks 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz vuUr fuæk esa lqyk nsus dh ps\"Vk dj jgh FkhA ,d fnu VkyosV LVªhV esa gR;kjs ny ls HksaV gks x;hA nksuksa vksj ls fjokYoj fudky fy, x;sA fdlh us Hkh mUgsa nkx D;ksa ugha fn;k] ;g ugha dgk tk ldrkA blh çdkj ,d fnu Jh lheldekZu ds ?kj foJke djus ds fopkj ls x;s Fks fd ogk¡ ?kqlus ij ,d vifjfpr O;fDr vUnj çfo\"V gqvkA vkSj lhel egksn; dks lwfpr dj x;k fd bu uokxUrqdksa ds ihNs ,d [+kqfi+Q;k Hkh FkkA lqurs gh ge ckgj fudy iMAs+ geas ykVS rs n[s k og [k+ fq iQ+ ;k Hkh flj ij ijS j[kdj ukS nks X;kjg gks x;kA bl çdkj tklwl cjkcj gekus ihNs cgqr gh cqjh rjg ls yxs jgrs FksA vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 735

ml fnu flues k n[s kus x;k] rks ogk¡ Ý+y¯s ex ifjokj dh nks yM+fd;kas rFkk Jherh vksczhu ls HksaV gqbZA Jh;qr vksczhu ukdykax ds ;q¼ esa gekjs lkFk FksA bl le; LokLF; fcxM+ tkus ds dkj.k vefs jdk x;s g,q FkAs os lHkh e>q s flues k eas n[s kdj ,dne LrfEHkr jg xb±A ,d O;fDr ftldks n[s krs gh xkys h ls ekj nus s dh vkKk iqfyl okyksa dks nh tk pqdh gks] ogh flusek vkfn lkoZtfud LFkkuksa esa fuLladksp Hkko ls vkuUn fogkj esa fueXu fiQj jgk gksA vc rd eSa Hkh fuR; foifÙk lgu djus esa vH;Lr gks x;k FkkA blh ls bruk ykijokg jgrk FkkA flusek ns[kdj eSa ckgj fudyk] rks ns[krk D;k gw¡ fd mlh jkf=k dh ?kVuk okys mUgha rhu gR;kjksa esa ls ,d [kM+k gSA ijUrq esjs fy, mldk euksHkko rkM+ ysuk dqN Hkh dfBu u FkkA th esa rks vk;k] t+jk fjokYoj dh Hkw[k dks 'kkUr djus ds fy,] bls Hkh ,d xksyh dk xzkl cukÅ¡] ijUrq vius nk;sa&ck;sa pyh tkus okyh dkseyk¡xh ckfydkvksa dks ,dk,d pfdr dj nsuk eq>s okaNuh; u t¡pk blfy, pqipki pyk x;kA gekjs FkksM+h nwj tkus ij ,d yM+dh us dgk] ^,d fe=k ihNs pys vk jgs gSaA* lHkh dks Vªke dkj ij p<+k] eSa Lo;a Hkh p<+kA Vªke py nhA og tklwl Hkh Vªke ij p<+us ds fopkj ls vkxs c<+k] ijUrq eSaus }kj esa ckT+kw iQSyk] [kM+k gksdj mldh rji+Q t+jk ?kwjdj ns[kkA esjk euksHkko rkM+dj og pqipki ogha jg x;kA Ý+ys¯ex ds ifjokj ds ?kj esa bl lc ckr ij oknfookn gqvk vkSj vUr esa ;gh fu'p; gqvk fd gesa ml fnu ogk¡ ugha Bgjuk pkfg,] X;kjg cts ?kj ds fiNys }kj ls eSa vkSj Jh Vªhlh fudy iM+sA dgk¡ tk;sa μ bl ckr ij dqN {k.k rd fopkj gqvkA vUr esa ;g fu'p; dj fd csYViQkLV jksM fLFkr çksi+Qslj dsjksysu ds ^iQuZ lkbM* uked ?kj esa μ ftldh fd ,d pkch gesa bUgha voljksa ds fy, nh x;h Fkh μ gh tkuk pkfg,A ge py fn;sA ogk¡ ds lHkh O;fDr lks jgs Fks % pqipki vius fu£n\"V pys x;s vkSj ogk¡ tkdj ysV x;sA uhan ugha vk;hA ân; esa tkus dSlh vO;Dr osnuk] mRlqdrk vkSj Hk;fefJr Hkko mBus yxsA ,slh gh dqN n'kk Jh Vªhlh dh Hkh Fkh] eSa mu ij ;gh Hkko O;Dr djus ds fy, okD; cukus dh fpUrk gh esa Fkk] fd os cksy mBs] ¶HkS;k] Msu! D;k rqe lks jgs gks\\ eq>s uhan ugha vkrh] ân; esa u tkus D;k gks jgk gS\\ D;ksa\\¸ eSaus Hkh viuh ogh n'kk crkbZA fiQj g¡lh esa dgk] ¶dksbZ vk'p;Z ugha dksbZ tklwl gekjs ihNs ;gk¡ rd vk igq¡pk gks] vkSj vHkh iqfyl okyksa ds lkFk ;gk¡ vk èkedsA¸ lhuVªhlh egksn; us lgt Hkko ls bruk gh dgk] ¶vc rks dksbZ fpUrk dh ckr ughaA vxj gekjh e`R;q Hkh gks tk;s] rks Hkh ;g ;q¼ tkjh jgsxk ghA ijUrq vc D;k ge nksuksa dks bdV~Bk gh ejuk gksxkA¸ ,d Å¡?k vk x;h fiQj ,dk,d mBdj cSB x;sA lhf<+;ksa ij ls fdlh ds 736 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

vkus dh in~èofu lquk;h nhA dqN iQqliQlkgV dk 'kCn lquk;h fn;kA fiQj lhf<+;ksa ij tYnh tYnh p<+us okyksa dh vkokt+ lquk;h nhA ge nksuksa ,dk,d vkdj vius fjokYoj lH¡ kkyus yxAs }kj [kyq x;kA lhuVªhlh egkns ; us e>q s bruk gh dgk] ¶Msu HkS;k] fonk! vc vkdk'k esa gh iqu£eyu gksxkA¸ cxas &cxas djrh gbq Z xkfs y;k¡ vUnj vkus yxhAa Øds &Øds djrs g,q ] ejs s teuZ ekmt+j fiLrkSy us çR;qÙkj esa xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ dj nhA ,d vaxzst+ vè;{k ml le; iqdkj iqdkj dj dg jgk Fkk] ¶jh;u dgk¡ gS\\ jh;u dgk¡ gS\\¸ esjs nkfgus gkFk ij ,d xksyh vk yxhA ijUrq eSa bldh dksbZ ijokg u dj fujUrj xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ djrk jgkA bl chp èkM+ke dk 'kCn gqvk vkSj lHkh flikgh ykSV iM+sA ijUrq mUgsa dk;Z{ks=k esa MVs jgus dks ckè; djus ds fy, ihNs ls jk;i+Qysa pyus yxha] eSaus lhf<+;ksa dh vksj yiddj ns[kk fd ,d ntZu lSfud fiQj vfuPNqd Hkko ls Åij p<+s vk jgs gSaA ijUrq esjh fiLrkSy dh Ñik ls os fiQj ykSVus dks ckè; gks x;sA eSa mudk ihNk djus yxkA os Hkkx [kM+s gq,A ijUrq fiQj Hkh ihNs ls dksbZ u dksbZ jk;i+Qy dh xksyh pyrh vkSj fdlh dk vkrZukn rFkk èkM+ke ls fxjus dk Loj lquk;h nsrkA eSa fupyh Nr ij vk x;k FkkA ml Nr esa Nsn dj xkMZj ls yVddj uhps [kM+s gq, flikfg;ksa ij xksfy;k¡ pykus dh ckr lksp gh jgk Fkk fd os yksx ogk¡ ls Hkh Hkkx x;sA vc eq>s cspkjs Vªhlh dh fpUrk gksus yxhA eSaus ogha ysVdj èkhes Loj esa iqdkjuk 'kq: fd;k] ¶lhu dgk¡ gks\\ lhu! lhu!¸ ijUrq dksbZ mÙkj u feykA fpUrk vkSj Hk; ls eSa dqN O;kdqy&lk gksus yxkA bèkj esjs ?kkoksa ls jDr dh èkkjk cg jgh Fkh vkSj eSa çfr {k.k nqcZy gqvk tk jgk FkkA [k+Sj ;g lkspdj fd Jh Vªhlh ;sudsu çdkjs.k cp gh fudys gksaxs] eSa Hkh mBkA ,dk,d uhps ls dbZ ce iQVus ds èkekds ls lkjk ?kj çfrèofur gks mBkA tc eSa igys igys bl ?kj esa vk;k Fkk rc eq>s bl ?kj dh NksVh&lh nhokj ,sls gh voljksa ds fy, [k+kl rkSj ls fn[kk;h x;h FkhA eSa okfVdk esa ls yiddj ml nhokj dh vksj c<+kA lkeus nhokj ij ls ,d flikgh us flj mBkdj xksyh NksM+rs gq, eq>s Bgjus dks dgkA mls ekSo+Qk u ns] eSaus ml ij xksyh NksM+h rks og djkgrk gqvk èkM+ke ls t+ehu ij tk fxjkA brus esa flikfg;ksa ds ,d xqV us eq> ij xksyh pykuh 'kq: dj nhA eSa Hkh xksyh pykrk gqvk fu£n\"V LFkku dh vkjs pyrk x;kA fiQj dlS s D;k gvq k] dc nhokj iQkn¡ dj ckgj fudy vk;k] vkfn eSa dqN ugha tkurkA ckn esa eSaus viusvki dks Mªedks.Mªk iqy rFkk ml x`g ds chp eas lM+d ij [kM+k ik;kA ogk¡ ij vfèkd nsj rd Bgjuk cM+h ew[kZrk gksrhA ,d l'kL=k ykjh ls eSa Vdjk;kA vkSj rks dqN u lw> iM+k ij xksyh pykdj muesa ls ,d O;fDr dks ekj MkykA mèkj ls Hkh xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ gksus yxhA eaS uxj dh vksj Hkkx [kM+k gqvkA nk;sa gkFk Vsª¯ux dkWyst dh 18 iQqV Å¡ph vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 737

nhokj FkhA ;fn ml ij ls dwn tkÅ¡ rks cl fcYdqy lqjf{kr gks tkÅ¡A ?kk;y jgus dh gkyr esa ,slh 18 iQqV nhokj ij p<+uk dksbZ vklku dk;Z ughaA ijUrq çk.kksa dh ckt+h yxkrs gh euq\"; esa vlhe 'kfDr dk lapkj gks mBrk gS ;gh esjk vuqHko gSA bl ckj Hkh fu'p; fd;k vkSj nhokj ij p<+ x;k! dSls\\ lks ugha dg ldrkA ckn esa Lo;a Hkh cM+s vk'p;Z ls mldh vksj ns[kk djrk! vc ds dqN psruk gqbZ rks vius dks unh rV ij [kM+k ik;kA fdèkj tkÅ¡] dqN le> esa u vk;kA unh ikj djuh gksxh] ijUrq iqy ij ls ughaA fiQj unh gh eas ?klq x;kA lkHS kkX;o'k ikuh vfèkd xgjk ugha FkkA ijUrq ejs s 'kjhj ds vuds ?kkoksa esa og ,dne B.Mk ty ços'k dj ,d fofp=k >u>ukgV&lh iSnk djus yxkA frl ij Hkh eq>s dksbZ fo'ks\"k rdyhi+Q rFkk B.M vuqHko ugha gqbZA eSa le>rk gw¡] fdUgha fo'ks\"k voljksa ij ifjfLFkfr;k¡ euq\"; esa çÑfr ds fo#¼ ,slh&,slh dfBukb;ksa dks vuqHko rd u djus dh 'kfDr çLiQqfVr dj nsrh gSaA unh ds ml ikj dqN ?kj ns[ksA vfèkd ifjJe djuk vc esjs fy, vlEHko Fkk] vr% mUgha ?kjksa eas foJke djus dk fu'p; dj mèkj c<+kA u tkus dkSu&lh vKkr 'kfDr eq>s muesa ,d ?kj fo'ks\"k dh vksj èkdsys tk jgh FkhA mlh ?kj dk }kj D;ksa [kV[kVkÅ¡xk] ogha vkJ; ikus dh vk'kk ls tkÅ¡xk] dqN ugha le> ldkA ijUrq ogh }kj [kV[kVkus ij ,d o`¼ dks lkeus [kM+k ik;kA jDrjaftr 'kjhj dks ns[kdj lgt esa gh esjh fLFkfr le> x;kA mlus fcuk dksbZ ç'u iwNs bruk dgk] ¶vkb;s] ;Fkk'kfDr vkidh lgk;rk rFkk lsok djsaxsA¸ Hkhrj ys tkdj ,d pkjikbZ ij fyVk fn;k vkSj Jherh ykax uked ulZ dks cqykdj esjh ejge&iV~Vh dhA ckn esa irk pyk fd esjs esgjcku Jh ÝsM eksEl Fks ftudh iw.kZ lgkuqHkwfr foi{k esa Fkh] rFkkfi mUgksaus esjh lqJw\"kk rFkk ns[kHkky Bhd mlh çdkj ls dh tSlsfd dksbZ iq=k vius firk ls vk'kk dj ldrk gksA çkr% le; eSaus mUgsa viuk ifjp; fn;kA çkr% gksrs gh 20 vDVwcj] 1920 Jherh eksEl ds }kjk fiQYlkugu ds ?kj i=k Hkstk fd eq>s 'kh?kz dgha lqjf{kr LFkku ij ys tkus dk çcUèk fd;k tk;sA ;g i=k Hkstus ds ckn ekywe gqvk fd bl ?kj ds nksuksa vksj ds ?kjksa esa iqfyl jgrh gSA vutkus esa blh }kj fo'ks\"k dks [kV[kVkus ek=k ls gh eSa fdruk cky&cky cp x;k Fkk! eksVj vkus ij ge esVj vLirky dh vksj py fn;sA jkLrs esa ,d iqfyl eSu }kjk jksd fn;s tkus ij dqN vèkhj gq,A ijUrq mlus dsoy ;gh dgk ¶egk'k;! eksVj t+jk eUn xfr ls pykb,] mèkj ls lSfud ykfj;k¡ tk jgh gSaA¸ vLirky ds }kj ij Jh fMdeSdyh dks [kM+k ik;kA mUgsa fxjÝ+rkj djokus okyksa ds fy, Hkh Hkkjh ijq Ldkj ?kkfs \"kr fd;k tk pdq k FkkA mUgas ogk¡ n[s k cgrq vk'p;Z gqvk] ijUrq mUgksaus gesa vLirky ls vkxs xqt+j tkus dk ladsr fd;kA ge ekm.V 738 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

tke LDok;j esa pys x;sA ogk¡ ij ,d vLrcy esa ?kqlsA esjh ihM+k ml le; cgqr vlá gks mBh FkhA ij Jh Vªhlh dks lkeus ns[k esjh çlUurk dh gn u jghA mudks t+jk Hkh pksV ugha vk;h FkhA ml fnu mUgksaus Hkh HkkX; ij fo'okl djds dksbZ ,d }kj [kV[kVk;k Fkk tgk¡ ls fd muds ppsjs HkkbZ Jh fiQyfjiu ckgj fudysA ;g ?kj mUgha dk FkkA lcls vfèkd ons uktud lekpkj Fkk gekjs fe=k çk-s djs kys us ds ?kk;y fd;s tkus dkA gekjs ogk¡ ls cp fudyus ij mUgsa nhokj dh vksj eq¡g dj [kM+k gksus dks foo'k fd;k x;k vkSj xksyh ekj nh x;h D;ksafd os gekjs lEcUèk esa dqN Hkh lwpuk nsus dks rS;kj u FksA mudh esVj vLirky esa gh dqN jkst+ ckn e`R;q gks x;hA ml ohj us gekjh [k+kfrj çk.k rd U;ksNkoj dj fn;sA fu'p; gh os lPps ohj Fks! vkn'kZ ns'kHkDr Fks!! vLirky esa vk;s rhu fnu gh gq, Fks % ckt+kj esa xksfy;k¡ pyus dh vkokt+ lquhA lkspus yxk] vc ;g ;q¼ cUn u gksxkA blh fopkj ls eq>s vlhe vkuUn Hkh vuqHko gksrkA dqN nsj ckn ,d ulZ gM+cM+krh gqbZ esjs dejs esa nkf[k+y gqbZA dqN v'kqHk lekpkj gS] ;g le> ysus esa eq>s nsj u yxhA mlus dgk] ^lSfudksa us vLirky dks ?ksj fy;k gSA ryk'kh gks jgh gS fd ge ogha gSaA* mpddj f[kMd+ h eas ls n[s kk] lfS ud vLirky dks ?kjs s [kMs+ FkAs ;g lkps dj fd vc cpuk vlEHko gS] eSa eqLdqjkus yxkA ijUrq lkSHkkX; nsf[k;sA dqN gh ?k.Vs igys ce ls ?kk;y gqvk ,d LosPNk&lsod ftldh 'kDy eq>ls fcYdqy feyrh&tqyrh Fkh ogk¡ yk;k x;k FkkA iqfyl okyksa ds ryk'kh ysrs u ysrs mlds çk.k i[ks: mM+ x;sA iqfyl okys ;g le>dj fd Msu czhu ej x;k] cgqr çlUu gq, vkSj ogk¡ ls ykSV x;sA çkr%dky tks xksfy;k¡ lquh Fkha] mudk C;kSjk ;g gS fd dqN LosPNk&lsodksa us ,d l'kL=k ykjh Nhuus ds fopkj ls ml ij vkØe.k dj fn;k FkkA ijUrq FkksM+h nsj ;q¼ djus ds ckn mUgsa vliQy ykSVuk iM+kA X;kjgok¡ ifjPNns Jh Vhª lh vkfn dks ohjxfr vLirky esa ykus ls igys vLrcy esa tks dqN {k.k Bgjuk iM+k Fkk] ogh esjk vkSj Jh Vªhlh dk vfUre feyu FkkA ftl le; eq>s LVªspj ij Mky dj os yksx ys tkus ds fy, mBkus yxs Fks] ml le; gh Jh Vªhlh ls eSaus vfUre ckj gkFk feyk;k FkkA ml le; rks ;g lkspus dk 'kk;n lkgl Hkh u gksrk Fkk fd ;g vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 739

gekjk vfUre feyu gSA ml fnu rks esjs ân; ds Hkhrj ;g Hkko fcYdqy ugha mBk Fkk fd og esjk lgksnj ls Hkh vfèkd fç; Vªhlh eq>ls fiQj dHkh ugha fey ik;sxkA Vªhlh! I;kjs Vªhlh!! thou dk ,d cM+k Hkkx geus ,d lkFk foifÙk;k¡ lgu djus esa fcrk fn;k FkkA ?kksj vUèkdkj esa Hkh geus ,d nwljs dks mRlkfgr dj fdlh dh vk'kk fMxus u nh FkhA vkg! vkt rqe eq>s NksM+&NkM+dj ;ksa gh pys x;s! rqEgkjh ;g vkeksn Hkjh eatqy ew£r vk¡[kksa ds lkeus mlh rjg ukp jgh gAS vLirky esa tkus ds rhljs fnu μ 14 vDVwcj 1920 dks tc iqfyl ogk¡ vk igp¡q h rc Jh Vªhlh foày gks mBs FkAs mUgkuas s rjq Ur gMs DokVjZ eas tkdj çLrko fd;k fd idM+s tkus dh n'kk esa eq>s iqfyl ls NqM+k ys tkus ds fy, ,d ny v'o;eos Hkts k tk;s mudh ckr eku yh x;hA os vius lkFk dNq LoPs Nk&los dkas dks ysdj py fn;sA os fuHkhZd ns'kHkDr rFkk lkglh lSfud! rqEgsa ,d lkFkh dh foifÙk us bruk foày dj fn;k fd rqe viuh fLFkfr fcYdqy Hkwy gh x;sA tklwl us mUgsa igpku fy;k vkSj ihNk fd;kA lkjk çcUèk dj pqdus ds ckn Vªhlh egksn; VkycksV LVªhV ds fjifCydu vkmV fiQVtZ uked nqdku esa vfUre Ldhe dk fu'p; djus ds fy, x;s Fks! çtkrU=koknh lSfud vfèkdrj ge ogha ij feyk&tqyk djrs FksA dqN gh {k.k ckn lSfud ykfj;ksa us nqdku ?ksj yhA Jh Vªhlh lcls vkxs [kM+s Fks] iqfyl okyksa dk gkFk mUgha ij iM+rk ijUrq ,d O;fDr ,d rji+Q HkkxkA flikgh mèkj yids blh {k.k esa lqvolj ikdj] lkbfdy ys pqipki Jh Vªhlh f[kldus gh yxs Fks fd ,d lkèkkj.k o's kèkkjh O;fDr ekVs j eas ls mu ij >iV iMk+ vkjS ckys k] ¶ftls ge fxjÝ+rkj djuk pkgrs gSa og rks ;g O;fDr gSA¸ Jh Vªhlh us vfUre le; fudV ns[kdj fjokYoj fudky fy;k mèkj ls e'khuxu èkk¡;&èkk¡; dj pyus yxhA vkf[k+j esa Vªhlh ogk¡ ij ?kk;y vkSj èkjk'kkbZ gksdj ohjxfr dks çkIr gq,A vfUre 'okl rd muds cnu ij çlUurk dh >yd fo|eku FkhA ml ohj us viuh tuuh tUeHkwfe ds pj.kksa ij viuk çk.kksRlxZ dj fn;kA jktuhfrd lalkj us ;g fuLladksp Hkko ls ekuk fd vk;fj'k xuheh ;q¼ dk usr`Ro cM+s&cM+s ;q¼ fo|k&fo'kkjnksa rFkk cqf¼eku O;fDr;ksa ds gkFk esa FkkA vr% mudh lkaxzkfed pkysa cM+h egÙoiw.kZ fl¼ gqb±A vkt eSa nkos ls dgrk gw¡ fd esjs Vªhlh mu ;q¼ fo|k fo'kkjnksa ds loksZifj usrk FksA ml ohj ds fnekx+ us tks crk;k ml fuHkhZd ;ks¼k dh vykSfdd cqf¼ us tks lq>ko fn;k] ogh LosPNk&lsodksa us fuHkk;k vkSj fot; ykHk fd;kA vkt eSa nkos ls dg ldrk gw¡ fd Jh Vªhlh gekjs ;qx ds dV~Vj] fuHkhZd rFkk lkglh ns'kHkDr gh u Fks] cfYd os pkVs h ds ;kXs ; lus kifr;kas eas ls Hkh FkAs 28 o\"kZ dh vk;q eas gh LoxyZ kds 740 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

flèkkjus okys ,d ;qod ds çfr ;g okD; dguk foLe;tud ekywe gq, fcuk u jgs] ij ,d ckr njvly ,slh gh FkhA ;fn mUgsa vU; çfl¼ ;ks¼kvksa dh rjg iw.kZ :i ls f'k{k.k dk volj feyk gksrk] ;fn mUgsa Hkh vuqdwy fLFkfr;ksa esa j[kdj iw.kZ :i ls f'k{kk nh tkrh rks fu'p; gh os lalkj ds fdlh Hkh ;ks¼k rFkk lsukifr ls de u jgrsA e>q s cgrq fnukas rd mudh e`R;q dk lekpkj crk;k u x;kA eaS vUèkfo'oklh ugha gw¡A eSa vykSfdd ckrksa esa fo'okl ugha j[krkA ijUrq lp dgrk gw¡] eq>s mlh fnu irk py x;k Fkk fd ejs s I;kjs Vªhlh vc bl lla kj eas ugha jgAs os e>q s vius iSrkus [kM+s eqLdqjkrs gq, fn[kk;h fn;s FksA mlh fnu lk;adky fed dksfyUl esjh [k+cj ysus dks vk;sA mRlqdrko'k eSaus igyk ç'u ;gh iwNk μ Vªhlh dgk¡ gSa\\ lty us=kksa dks nwljh vksj iQsjdj fNikus dk ç;Ru djrs gq, #¡èks xys ls os bruk gh dg ik;s] fd ^os dgha cgqr nwj x;s gSaA* nl fnu ckn eq>s Bhd lekpkj feykA f'kiLVªhV csjsd ls Jh Vªhlh dk 'ko fVªçsjh ys tk;k x;kA ogk¡ mudk tks lRdkj gvq k] og 'kk;n fdlh uj's k dks Hkh ulhc u gvq k gkxs kA lkys kgs MS cxs ppZ ls μ tgk¡ fd os ckY;koLFkk esa çkFkZuk,¡ fd;k djrs Fks&pydj mudk 'ko fdy iQhdy uxj ls xqt+jkA 'kksdxzLr yksxksa dk ;g tqywl ehyksa yEck FkkA fVçsjh dk ,slk dkSu&lk O;fDr Fkk ftlds ân; esa ml fnu ns'kHkfDr ds Hkko fg.MkSys u ys jgs gksa vkSj tks ml fnu ml tqywl ds lkFk 'kq\"d us=kksa ls x;k gks\\ og lekpkj ml le; çns'k ds fy, cM+k 'kksdtud lekpkj FkkA mudh o+Qcz vkt rhFkZ cu x;h gSA vxys 'kqØ ds fnu eSa esVj vLirky esa ys tk;k x;kA ;gk¡ ij [+kwc [kk+ frjnkjh gkus s ls 'kh?kz gh vkjkXs ; ykHk djus yxkA ,d fnu ,dk,d D;k n[s krk gw¡ fd edku f?kj x;k gSA lSfud yksx ryk'kh ysus dh rS;kjh dj jgs gSaA ,dne Åij okyh Nr ij tkus ds fopkj ls mèkj tks yidk] rks [k+kdh onhZ okyksa dks [kM+k ik;kA e`R;q fu'p; le> ykSVdj ogha vk cSBkA n'kZdksa ds te?kV esa tks n`f\"V x;h rks fed dks¯yt dks [kM+k ik;kA irk pyk fd esjs fxjÝ+rkj gksus ij eq>s NqM+kus ds fopkj ls gh os vius ny lfgr vk;s FksA ij lc LFkkuksa dh ryk'kh ysdj] dsoy esjk gh dejk NksM+dj iqfyl okys D;ksa ykSV x;s] eSa dHkh Hkh ugha le> ik;kA ogk¡ ls Mu ys?kk;j ds ?kj ij ys tk;k x;kA ogk¡ Hkh iqfyl us ryk'kh yh] ijUrq esjs dejs dh ughaA bl jgL; dk Hkh dqN irk u pykA eSa gSjku jg x;kA 21 uoEcj 1920 dk [+kwuh jfookj eSa dHkh u Hkwy ldw¡xkA ml fnu çkr% gh uxjHkj esa luluh iQSy x;hA uxjHkj esa 14 tklwl vius vius ?kjksa esa gh ekj Mkys x;s FksA gekjs vkSj rks lHkh O;fDr cp x;s] ijUrq ÚSdVh¯yx idM+s vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 741

x;sA mUgsa iQk¡lh dk n.M lquk fn;k x;kA ijUrq vki ogha ls jiQwpDdj gks x;sA ckn esa isM+heksj dks idM+dj iQk¡lh ij yVdk fn;k x;kA gkyk¡fd os ml fnu ogk¡ Fks gh ughaA os ,d cM+s ohj lSfud FksA ml fnu ljdkj us çfr¯glk ds Hkko ls çsfjr gksdj nks cM+s Hkh\"k.k vkSj Øwj dk;Z dj MkysA lk;adky ds le; iqfyl us ^dkdZ ikdZ* dks ?ksj fy;kA ml le; ogk¡ 10]000 O;fDr iQVq cky dk epS n[s k jgs FkAs mu ij ifq yl us xkfs y;kas dh o\"kkZ dj viuh ccZjrk] {kqærk rFkk u`'kalrk dk ifjp; nsus esa dqN dlj mBk u j[khA 17 O;fDr ijyksd flèkkj x;s] 50 cqjh rjg ?kk;y gq,A nwljk vR;Ur osnuktud lekpkj Fkk Jh ihMjDySalh rFkk fMd eSd dh gR;k dkA mUgsa idM+dj vkSj ;g nks\"k crkdj fd mUgksaus ç+Qsap ikdZ ds igjsnkjksa ij vkØe.k fd;k Fkk] rM+ik&rM+ikdj ekj Mkyk x;kA bl vfHk;ksx ds çR;qÙkj esa dsoy bruk dguk gh i;kZIr gksxk fd mu LosPNk&lsodksa ds ckjs esa μ ftUgksaus fd vius j.kpkrq;Z ls vaxzst+ksa dks ukdksa pus pcok;s Fks] fcuk vU; lkfFk;ksa dks fy, ç+Qsap ikdZ ds çgfj;ksa ij vkØe.k djus dh ckr dguk loZnk gkL;kLin gSA tks Hkh gks] iqfyl mu ohjksa ls tyh cSBh FkhA volj ikrs gh mlus viuh çfr¯glk dh HkHkdrh gqbZ vkx dks 'kkUr djus ds fy, mu ij euekus vR;kpkj dj mUgsa ekj MkykA cspkjs ihMj vkSj fMd! nksuksa dSls lkglh ohj] fdrus e`nqy] fdrus dV~Vj ns'kHkDr vkSj dSls lqprqj lsukifr Fks! mUgsa Jh Vªhlh dh rjg nks&nks gkFk fn[kkus rd dk lqvolj u fey ldk! vi+Qlksl!! ckjgok¡ ifjPNns ft+yk baLisDVj dh gR;k vkSj esjk fookg eSa [+kwc LoLFk gksdj fVçsjh ykSV vk;kA bl le; ;q¼ us [+kwc t+ksj idM+ fy;k FkkA j.kp.Mh dk rk.Mo u`R; gks jgk FkkA ns'kHkj esa [+kwc pgy&igy FkhA vk;fj'k yksx cM+s g\"kZ vkSj pko ls vius vkn'kZ ds fy,] vius ns'k ds fy,] viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds fy, çk.kksRlxZ dj jgs FksA ekuks vk;fj'k tkfr LorU=krk nsoh ds efUnj esa fut jDr ekal dh HksaV ls ml nsoh dks çlUu djus dk n`<+ fu'p; dj ogha MV x;h FkhA vaxzst+h U;k;ky; ,dne [k+kyh gks x;s FksA ^e`R;qn.M* ?kksf\"kr fd;s jgus ij Hkh çtkrkfU=kd U;k;ky; [kpk[kp Hkjs jgrs FksA ns'kokfl;ksa dk >qdko çtkrU=k 742 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+

dh vkjs FkkA vc ifjfLFkfr Hkh cgrq cny pdq h FkhA gekjs lfS ud jk;iQ+ yas yds j [kqYye&[kqYyk ?kweus yxsA tgk¡&rgk¡ yksx mudk [+kwc Lokxr djrsA eaS dkfgj vkjS jkts x+ hz u çn's k eas pyk x;kA fiQj euaS s vfèkdrj ;¼q mlh n's k esa fd;sA vçSy 1921 esa lekpkj feyk fd fczfV'k lsuk dk ,d NksVk&lk ny dqN jf{kr oLrq,¡ ysdj] çfr cqèkokj çkr%dky Dyksfèku vkSj dkfgj ds chp esa ls xqt+jrk gS] mUgha ls ;q¼ djus dh BkuhA 22 vçSy dk fnu fu;r gqvkA çkr% 5 cts ls ,d cts rd çrh{kk dh] ij os ugha vk;sA eSa vkSj dkSuekSyksuh ogk¡ ls ykSV vk;sA ijUrq gesa ykSVs dqN vfèkd nsj ugha gqbZ Fkh fd os vk x;sA gekjs lSfudksa us èkkok cksy fn;kA vkReleiZ.k djus dks dgk x;k] ijUrq çR;qÙkj esa xksfy;ksa dh o\"kkZ dh x;hA ;q¼ gqvkA ,d flikgh ejk] nks ?kk;y gq, vkSj rc mUgksaus vkReleiZ.k fd;kA muds 'kL=k Nhu fy, x;sA ^jf{kr oLrq* fou\"V dj nh x;h vkSj fiQj mUgsa NksM+ fn;k x;kA ?kVukLFky ls iqfyl dh dbZ cM+h Hkkjh&Hkkjh pkSfd;k¡ bruh fudV Fkha fd mUgkuas s xkfs y;kas dk 'kCn t:+ j luq k gkxs kA blh dkj.k lHkh lfS udkas us ogk¡ ls rjq Ur ykSV tkuk gh mfpr le>kA os lSfudksa dh rjg ekfp±x djrs gq, pys vk jgs FksA ,d eksM+ ij eqM+us ds le; ,d eksVj ihNs ls vk;h vkSj vfUre ykbu ds LosPNk&lsodksa ls Vdjk x;hA eksVj okys dk uke&èkke iwNus ij mÙkj feyk μ ^fMfLVªDV baLisDVj ikSVj! jk;y vk;fj'k dkULVscqyjh dkfgj!!* mls o+SQn dj fy;k x;kA dqN nwj tkus ij gekjs lSfudksa ij fiQj iqfyl us vkØe.k dj fn;kA vc dh 'k=knq y muls frxuq k FkkA rFkkfi ;g ohj ohjrkiow dZ yMr+ s g,q lkiQ+ cp fudysA lkFk gh os vius cUnh dks Hkh lkFk gh ys x;sA bl ;q¼ dh liQyrk dk Js; Jh fMUuh yslh rFkk Jh flusgkjke dks gh fn;k tk ldrk gSA bu fnuksa ,d vk;fj'k LosPNk&lsod Jh Vsª;uksj ds- Mcfyu tsy esa cUn Fks] mUgsa e`R;qn.M lquk;k tk pqdk FkkA vaxzst+ksa dk çfr¯glk dk Hkko mÙkjksÙkj vR;Ur fuUnuh; vkSj Hk;adj :i idM+rk tkrk FkkA os ftl fdlh dks ikrs] ekj MkyrsA nwljh rji+Q ge lnSo muds flikfg;ksa vkfn dks lki+Q NksM+ nsrsA geesa çfr¯glk dk Hkko t+jk Hkh ugha FkkA ijUrq Vsª;uksj ds- fujkfJr] r#.k ifjokj dk muds vfrfjDr vkSj dksbZ Hkj.k&iks\"k.k djus okyk u FkkA mèkj mUgsa iQk¡lh ij yVdkus dh rkjh[k+ 25 vçSy fuf'pr gks pqdh FkhA geus Vªs;uksj dks ikSVj ds cnys esa ek¡xk vkSj dgk fd ,slk ugha gqvk rks ge ykxs ikVS j dks ekj Mkyxas As ifq yl ds gMS DokVlZ ls lpw uk Hkts nh x;hA mu ykxs kas us bl ckr ij dqN è;ku u fn;k vkSj ;Fkk'kfDr bls fNikus dk gh ç;Ru fd;kA vUr esa Jh Vsª;uksj iQk¡lh ij yVdk gh fn;s x;sA gekjs lkeus ,d cM+h leL;k vk mifLFkr gqbZA ¯ddÙkZO;foew<+ gq, [kM+s jgsA djsa rks D;k\\ NksM+ nsa rks vPNk vk;fj'k LorU=krk&laxzke @ 743

ughAa u NkMs as+ rks vdkj.k gh ml cps kjs ds çk.k tk;Aas bl ckr ij cgrq oknfookn gqvk vkSj vUr esa ;gh fu'p; gqvk fd gesa vius dFku dks iwjk djuk gh gksxkA iQyLo:i mUgsa e`R;qn.M ns fn;k x;kA ikSVj ,d ohj lSfud FksA mUgksaus [+kwc mPp f'k{kk ik;h FkhA os cM+s n;kyq] e`nqy LoHkko rFkk prqj vi+Qlj FksA mUgsa vius ifjokj ls i=k O;ogkj djus dk volj Hkh fn;k x;k FkkA vfUre le; mUgksaus viuh Mk;jh] ,d v¡xwBh vkSj ,d lksus dh ?kM+h viuh iRuh dks ns nsus dh çkFkZuk dhA mudh vfUre vfHkyk\"kk iwjh dh x;hA rnksijkUr çfr¯glk ds Hkko ls mÙksftr gksdj ljdkj us Hkh ;ksa gh cgqr ls ?kj rFkk ckM+s tyk fn;sA vc t+jk gekjs fookg dh ckr lqu yhft;sA 12 twu] 1921 ds fnu tcfd ;q¼ t+ksjksa ij Fkk] vkSj ftlls ,d ekl ckn vaxzst+ lfUèk djus dks ckè; gq, Fks] cM+h fofp=k rFkk vk'p;Ztud vkSiU;kfld fLFkfr esa esjk fookg gks x;kA ikBd esjs rFkk fczf?kM eSyksu ds çse dh ckr Hkwys ugha gksaxsA flrEcj] 1919 esa gh gekjh igyh HksaV gqbZ FkhA çFke feyu esa gh ge çseik'k esa c¡èk x;s FksA esjs ?kk;y gksus ij mUgksaus fdruh rRijrk ls esjh lqJw\"kk dh Fkh] og eSa Hkwy ldrk gw¡\\ Mªe&dks.Mªk ;q¼ ds ckn os esjh [k+cj ysus vkb±A rHkh ,d ckj eSaus muls LoLFk gksus ij fookg djus dh ckr dg nhA esjs lkFk fookg djus ls D;k&D;k foifÙk;k¡ vk iM+saxh] dgk¡ rd lq[k vkSj ,s'o;Z ls ;qDr ;k jfgr jguk iM+sxk] ;g lc os le>rh FkhaA rFkkfi esjs bl çLrko dks mUgksaus cM+s g\"kZ vkSj pko ls Lohdkj dj fy;kA lc rS;kjh gks x;h] ijUrq fxjtk dgk¡ feys\\ Jh ekbdsy iklZy dks gh ?kj ds fy, mi;qDr LFkku le>k x;kA os cM+s ns'kHkDr FksA os rFkk mudh L=kh nksuksa tsy ;k=kk Hkh dj pqds FksA ;g LFkku pkjksa vksj ls Nkofu;ksa vkfn ls f?kjk gqvk FkkA dgha pkj ehy ij vaxzst+h iqfyl dh lqn`<+ cSjdsa Fkha] rks dgha Ng ehy dh nwjh ijA lkFk gh gj le; gekjh [kkts eas ldS Mk+ as lfS ud bèkj&mèkj Bkds jas [kkrs fiQjrs FkAs rFkkfi gekjs fVçsjh ds lHkh lSfud ogk¡ vk ,df=kr gq,A mUgksaus pkjksa vksj [+kwc vPNh rjg ls ekspkZcUnh dj yhA ;fn vaxzst+h lsuk mu fnuksa mèkj vk HkVdrh] rks mldk og Lokxr gksrk] ftls og dHkh u Hkwy ikrhA pkjksa vksj lM+dksa ij o`{k dkVdj Mky fn;s x;As l'kL=k LoPs Nk&los d igjs ij [kMs+ gks x;As ml fnu lHkh lfS udkas eas fdruh rRijrk rFkk fuHkhdZ rk] fdruk g\"kZ rFkk pko] fdruk tk's k vkjS mÙkts uk Fkh] ;g vkt ugha dgk tk ldrk! fookg ls igyh jkr dks cM+h vlqfoèkk dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ,d dSEi esa Jh gkxu rFkk Jh fMUuh yslh vkfn eq[;&eq[; lfS ud vè;{kksa ds lkFk lksuk iM+k FkkA lksus rks mUgksaus fn;k ugha] vfookfgr gksus ij Hkh eq>s fookg lEcUèkh f'k{kk nsuk mUgksaus viuk dÙkZO; eku fy;k FkkA mins'k nsus esa dksbZ Hkh fdlh ds 744 @ Hkxr¯lg vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+