2003 - Vol 2 - Reassessing the Management of National Parks in India - Biological Profiles of Individual PAs

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Unknown Gandhisagar dam and its Personal observations. Unknown adjoining reservoir. Personal observations. s Submergence area. y Increasing Narsingarh Survey and personal estimate. Increasing Throughout sanctuary. Survey Survey Increasing Down stream of the Chambal Survey Stable river. Declining Small area. Survey, personal estimate. Declining Some islands. Declining Certain areas. Declining Small areas. Not known All over the sanctuary. Around the Chambal river. Increasing Mohli, Jhapan, Sarra and part of Noradehi and Singpur ranges Declining Intanki Range \"A\" Census Unknown Kusumdisa river Personal sighting Stable Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary Census Decreasing Core zone Personal estimate Decreasing Whole sanctuary Decreasing Whole sanctuary Census t Census Whole sanctuary Personal estimate Stable Personal estimate Increasing Kanika, Rajnagar, Chandbali Personal estimate Declining Badarma Personal estimate Declining Badarma Census and sighting Declining Badarma Declining Badarma Badarma 54 Banigocha Range

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance ORI/S/BAI It is an Indicator of a healthy Gaur ecosystem. 132 ORI/S/BAL Black buck Chousingha-Four horned Common in this PA, 133 ORI/S/DEB Antelope - (Tetracerus Flagship species for 134 ORI/S/HAD quadricornis) conservation. 135 ORI/S/KOT Indian elephant(Elephas Not studied 136 ORI/S/LAK maximus) 137 ORI/S/SATN Elephant Cultural importance Indian elephant(Elephas Found only in this PA, Source ORI/S/SATN maximus) of medicine. ORI/S/SATN Malabar pied hornbill Found only in this Pa, hunted (Anthracoceros coronatus) as game or for trophy ORI/S/SATN Found only in this PA, hunted ORI/S/SATN Gharial (Gaualis gangetius) as game or for trophy Found only in this PA, other ORI/S/SATN Mugger (Crocodilus palustris) commercial value, hunted as 138 ORI/S/SATS game or for trophy Elephant (Elephas maximus) Found only in this PA, hunted ORI/S/SATS as game or for trophy ORI/S/SATS Gayal (Bos gauros) Found only in this PA, other 139 ORI/S/SIM commercial value, hunted as Malayan giant squirrel (Ratufa game or for trophy 140 PUN/S/ABO bicolor) The seasonally migrate into th 141 PUN/S/HAR sanctuary Elephant They were released in river PUN/S/HAR Mahanadi in the past Gharial They are commonly seen in Mahanadi river Muggar Black tiger (Panthera tigris) Tiger with colour-aberration Black Buck The Sanctuary is comprised Salora Pigeon entirely of Bishnoi villages wh Black necked stork protect the Black Buck as a sacred animal Rare Migratory Bird Rare Migratory Bird 15

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Stable Banigocha Range Sighting Very rare Balukhand Konark Personal estimate Increasing All over the PA Survey, personal Estimate Entire Boula Reserve Forest Personal estimate Declining Belgarh and Kotagarh Census Unknown Chandragiri Survey, personal estimate Along Riparian forest Survey, personal estimate Increasing In Mahanadi river Survey, personal estimate e In Mahanadi river Declining Declining d Declining Stable Pampasar, Purnakote Survey, personal estimate Baghamunda, Purunakote Survey, personal estimate d Declining Declining Purunakote, Katraga, Raigoda Survey, personal estimate he Kusanga, Chhamundia Census and sighting report Not usually sighted Increasing Kusanga, Chhamundia Sighting ho Kusanga, Chhamundia Frequently sighted Increasing Direct sighting by the field staff Stable Chahala, Upperbarakamara, Stable Nawana Abohar Survey Near Nanak Sar Gurudwara Pond Area Harike 55

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance PUN/S/HAR Slight night jar Rare Migratory Bird PUN/S/HAR Rufous vented prinia Rare Migratory Bird PUN/S/HAR Hog Deer Last population of central 142 RAJ/N/KEO Siberian crane Siberian crane left in India 143 RAJ/S/JAM Caracal (Felis caracal). One of the rarest cat. Peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Cultural importance. RAJ/S/JAM Wild relative to domestic Wolf (Canis lupus). species. RAJ/S/JAM Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus). Cultural value and importance 144 RAJ/S/NAH Wild relative to domestic Wolf (Canis lupus). supplies. RAJ/S/NAH Found in relatively large Green pigeon number 145 RAJ/S/PHU Found at very few places in th Flying squirrel state RAJ/S/PHU Flying squirrel (Bulopetes petauriota) Found only in this PA 146 RAJ/S/SIT Black Buck. Relegious significance 147 RAJ/S/TAL Wild relation of domesticated Paradise flycatcher species 148 RAJ/S/TOD Source of medicine Himalayan thar Source of medicine 149 SIK/N/KHA Black bear Included in Schedule I of the SIK/N/KHA Musk deer Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 SIK/N/KHA Included in Schedule I of the Leopard cat Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 150 SIK/S/FAM Schedule I animal, hunted for Marbled cat its musk pod SIK/S/FAM Schedule I animal, hunted for Musk deer its pelt 151 SIK/S/KYON State animal of Sikkim Leopard Hunted for its bile, has come SIK/S/KYON Red panda into conflict with man in army SIK/S/KYON areas Himalayan black bear SIK/S/KYON 15

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Stable Pond Area Harike Stable Downstream of Harike Declining- only 1 pair of cranes Keoladeo Research has been observed since Jamwa Ramgarh. Census. 1997. Jamwa Ramgarh. Census. Declining. Declining. Declining. Jamwa Ramgarh. Census. e. Declining. Nahargarh Census. Declining. Nahargarh Census. Stable Mamer, Panarwa, Kotra Personal estimate Mamer, Panarwa, Kotra Personal estimate he Declining Increasing Dhariyawad, Jakham Personal estimate Stable. Survey. Unknown Tal chappar sanctuary range, Personal estimate Dungar garh. Raoli range (Dudhalaswar Temple) Unknown Yuksom, Dzongri Research Declining Research Declining Research 2 2 Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate 56

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance SIK/S/KYON Blood pheasant State bird of Sikkim SIK/S/KYON Monal pheasant Schedule I bird Red Panda State animal of Sikkim 152 SIK/S/MAE Red panda State animal of Sikkim 153 SIK/S/SHIN Musk deer Faces poaching Snow leopard Faces poaching SIK/S/SHIN Blood pheasant State bird of Sikkim SIK/S/SHIN Small Indian civet (Viverricula SIK/S/SHIN indica) Rarely found OTH- found abundantly in the 154 TN/N/GUI Coral reef Gulf Number of species of each TN/N/GUL Sea cow found here is high Number of species of each TN/N/GUL Sea turtle found here is high Endemsic to western ghats of TN/N/GUL Indian G.G. Squirrel TN & Kerala Endemsic to western ghats of 155 TN/N/IND Lion Tailed Macaque TN & Kerala Nilgiri Tahr Endemcis state animal TN/N/IND TN/N/IND Great pied hornbiII Low density in old forest Asian elephants Migrant/food base is more TN/N/IND Guar Migrant/food base is more 156 TN/N/MUD Tahr Highly endangered Ducks Good Breeding grounds TN/N/MUD Black Buck Highest population in TN 157 TN/N/MUK Flamingo Seasonal migrant 158 TN/S/KARI Black Buck Hunted as game 159 TN/S/POIN Painted Stork Seasonal habitat 160 TN/S/PUL Grey Pelican Seasonal habitat 161 TN/S/VALL Snake bird 162 TN/S/VED Highly endangered Hoolock gibbon (Hylobates TN/S/VED hoolock) 163 TN/S/VELL Pig tailed macaque Highly endangered 164 TRI/S/GUM Stumptailed macaque Highly endangered TRI/S/GUM TRI/S/GUM 15

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate Unknown Kyongnosla Personal estimate Declining Maenam Personal estimate Unknown Personal estimate Unknown Guindy National Park, near Personal estimate Unknown polo ground Personal estimate Unknown Personal estimate All ranges except 'Ramnad Stable Personal estimate e All ranges except 'Ramnad PE Not known All ranges except 'Ramnad PE f Amaravati Stable Valparai, Ulandy, PE Manambolly,Pollachi f All ranges Census Stable All ranges other than Stable Amaravathi Census All ranges Census Stable All ranges Stable Census Increase Koddikkarai Research Stable Increasing Tirunelvdi/Vallandr Survey & Personal estimate Stable Sanctuary Range Stable Sanctuary Range Survey Increasing Survey Increasing Tirthmukh By survey Increasing Survey Tirthmukh Survey Not known Tirthmukh Management plan, research Not known carried out in the past Management plan, research Not known carried out in the past Management plan, research carried out in the past 57

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance Highly endangered TRI/S/GUM Capped langur Highly endangered Highly endangered TRI/S/GUM Phayre's leaf monkey Highly endangered TRI/S/GUM Slow loris Cultural importance , 'Increasing TRI/S/GUM Leopard Endangered ,Declining Found in and around this PA. 165 TRI/S/TRI Gaur has great acceptability among villagers. TRI/S/TRI Hoolock gibbon Found only in this P TRI/S/TRI Capped langur Found only in and around the TRI/S/TRI Phyre's leaf monkey PA 166 UP/S/CHA Sloth bear Four Horned Antelope UP/S/CHA (Chausinga) 167 UP/S/KAI Black buck Antelope cervicapra (Black 168 UP/S/KAT buck) 169 UP/S/MAH Chinkara 170 UP/S/NAT Dolphins Crocodile UP/S/NAT Fresh water turtles UP/S/NAT Otters UP/S/NAT Indian skimmer UP/S/NAT Porcupine UP/S/NAT Hyena UP/S/NAT Wolf UP/S/NAT Pelican UP/S/NAT Sarus Crane (Grus antigon) 171 UP/S/PAT Black buck 172 UP/S/RAN 15

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Management plan, research Heavy population decline Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Not known Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Not known Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Not known Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Common Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Occasional Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Occasional Tirthmukh carried out in the past Management plan, research Common Tirthmukh carried out in the past Stable Chandra Prabha Personal estimate Unknown Chandra Prabha Personal estimate. Roberts ganj and Halia Survey Personal estimate Survey and personal estimate Katarniaghat Survey Survey and personal estimate It Survey and personal estimate g Lalitpur Survey and personal estimate Both ranges Survey and personal estimate Stable Both ranges Survey and personal estimate Increasing Both ranges Survey and personal estimate Increasing Both ranges Survey and personal estimate Increasing Both ranges Survey and personal estimate Increasing Both ranges Census, management plan. Increasing Both ranges Increasing Both ranges Personal estimate Increasing Both ranges Increasing Patna Bird sanctuary Increasing Increasing Both ranges Increasing 58

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance Found only in and around the UP/S/RAN Chinkara PA 173 UP/S/SAMN Sarus crane Black Necked Stork Found in this PA UP/S/SAMN Pelican Endangered UP/S/SAMN White Necked Stork UP/S/SAMN Painted stork Other commercial value UP/S/SAMN Paintail Duck Hunted as game or for trophy. UP/S/SAMN Geese Hunted as game or for trophy UP/S/SAMN Brahminy kite Source of medicine UP/S/SAMN Tiger Source of medicine 174 UP/S/SUH Black Necked Stork Wild relative of domesticated 175 UP/S/SURS Large Cormorant species 176 UP/S/VIJ Darter Wild relative of domesticated UP/S/VIJ Black Necked Stork species UP/S/VIJ White Ibis Source of medicine, other UP/S/VIJ Red Crested Pochard commercial value UP/S/VIJ Musk deer Source of medicine, commerc 177 UTT/N/GAN Snow leopard value, hunted as game or for UTT/N/GAN Snow leopard trophy. 178 UTT/N+S/GOV Brown bear UTT/N+S/GOV Black bear Others UTT/N+S/GOV Others Ghoral Others UTT/N+S/GOV Sonandi forms a critical part o Bharal the habitat of the North West UTT/N+S/GOV Asian elephant population. Musk deer UTT/N+S/GOV Musk deer 179 UTT/S/ASK Snow leopard UTT/S/ASK Himalayan Thar UTT/S/ASK Himalayan marten Himalayan mouse hare 180 UTT/S/KED Koklas pheasants UTT/S/KED UTT/S/KED Asian Elephant 181 UTT/S/SON 15

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source Increasing Both ranges Personal estimate Increasing Saman Bird Sanctuary Survey and research Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate. Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate. Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate Stable Saman Bird Sanctuary Personal estimate. Stable All ranges Census Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary Census Not known Vijay Sagar Bird Sanctuary Personal survey . Not known Vijay Sagar Bird Sanctuary Personal survey Vijay Sagar Bird Sanctuary Personal survey Stable Vijay Sagar Bird Sanctuary Personal survey Increasing Vijay Sagar Bird Sanctuary Personal survey Increasing Gangotri Personal estimate Gangotri Personal estimate Increasing Sankari Personal estimate, census Sankri, Supin Personal estimate, census Increasing All ranges Personal estimate, census Stable All ranges Personal estimate, census cial Sankari, Supin Personal estimate, census All ranges Personal estimate, census Snow covered areas Personal estimate Unknown Gopeshwer and Okhimath Personal estimate Unknown Gopeshwer and Okhimath Personal estimate Unknown Gopeshwer and Okhimath of Throughout the PA Survey, personal estimate Increasing 59

Table 1.8: Faunal Species o Sno PA code Species Significance Along with Corbett National UTT/S/SON Tiger Park, Sonanadi harbours the UTT/S/SON Mahaseer second largest tiger populatio Great Indian one horned of the world 182 WB/N/GOR Rhinoceros 183 WB/N/NEO Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) Found only in this PA(exp. Tiger (Panthera tigris) Jaldapara in WB) WB/N/NEO Clouded leopard (Neofelis Endangered species nebulosa) Endangered species WB/N/NEO Endangered species WB/N/NEO WB/N/NEO Leopard cat (Panthera pardus) Endangered species WB/N/NEO Fishing cat (Felis viverrina) Endangered species Marbled cat (Felis marmorata) Endangered species 184 WB/N/SUN 185 WB/S/BET Olive Ridley Comes to Sundarban for 186 WB/S/CHA Python breeding Gaur Schedule-I Good habitat for gaur 16

of Special Interest in the PA Status Ranges Source on Throughout the PA Survey, personal estimate Increasing Increasing Garumara south Range Population estimation Not estimated. Upper Neora Field survey and observation Upper Neora and Lower Neora Field survey and observation Unknown Stable Upper Neora Tiger census and field survey Increasing Upper Neora and Lower Neora Tiger census, field survey Upper Neora and Lower Neora Tiger census Upper Neora and Lower Neora Tiger census NP west Personal estimate Entire PA Personal estimate Chapramari Beat Population estimation 60

Table 1.9: Deliberate Introduction of Fauna into the PA 161

Table 1.9: Deliberate Introd Sno PA code Old data-1984- New Data Species Year 87 1998-03 1 AP/S/COR NO Yes Saltwater Crocodiles (3 no.) 1988-89 2 ASS/N/ORA NP Yes Pigmy Hog (Sus salwanius) 6/7/1976 Spotted deer 1985 CHD/S/SUK Yes 3 Black buck (Antelope 1999 NP Yes cervicapra) 1 DEL/S/ASO 4 NP Yes Weavils and mites 5 HAR/S/BHIN 6 HP/S/PON NO Yes Mirror Carp 1974-75 NO Indian Major Carp 1974-75 HP/S/PON Yes Spotted Deer 1994-95 KAR/S/SHA Yes Bison 1999-00 7 Yes KAR/S/SHA Yes 8 KER/N/ERA NO Yes Rainbow trout 1880 KER/N/ERA Brown trout 1880 Yes 9 MAH/N/AND NP Marsh crocodiles(Mugger 1977 Yes crocodylus palustris) 10 MAH/N/PEN Crocodile (17 no.) 1998-99 Yes 11 MAH/N/SAN YES Yes Tiger 1998 MAH/N/SAN Yes Lion 1972 MAH/N/SAN Giant Squirrel 1998 No 12 MAH/S/AMB No NO 13 MAH/S/GYA No No 14 MAH/S/KAL No No 15 MAH/S/KAR No Nil 16 MAH/S/MAL No No 17 MAH/S/NAG No 16

duction of Fauna into the PA Reason Status Ranges 9 To protect PA from Biotic interference No existing Orang 6 Unsuccessful Kansal forest area Population is Asola To introduce new species of fauna in the increasing. Jhajjar sanctuary area. Not known Reintroduction of species that once occurred in this area. 1999 To eradicate water hyacinth 5 To increase fish production in the Pong Heavy population in Kargal, Sanichowku Lake children zoo at Shimoga Madensur 5 To increase fish production in the Pong Lake Heavy disturbs to Waterbodies in the PA the villagers near Waterbodies in the PA 5 Sagen Town 0 Unknown Unknown Angling Angling Were naturally occuring in the past Increasing Tadoba,Moharli,Kolsa 9 Since the reserve has big reservoirs, the Unknown East Pench Range crocodile habitat may be developed here. Education & tourism Stable Krishagiri Upwan Borih Education & tourism Increasing Krishagiri Upwan Borih Spreading of species Unknown Sanjay Gandhi National Park 62

Table 1.9: Deliberate Introd Sno PA code Old data-1984- New Data Species Year 87 1998-03 18 MAH/S/NAI NO 1980 19 MAH/S/NAR No No 1980 20 MAH/S/PAI No No 1980 21 MAH/S/RAD No No 22 MAH/S/SAG No Cervus anicolour 1985-86 NP Yes higer(Samber) Axis axis(Chital) MAH/S/SAG Yes Antelope cervicapra(Black MAH/S/SAG Yes buck) No 23 MAH/S/TIP NO No No 24 MAH/S/YED No All the species are 25 MP/N/VAN Yes introduced. Peafowl 26 NAG/N/INT NO Yes Yes 27 ORI/N+S/BHI Varanus salvator 1999 28 ORI/S/DEB Sloth Bears, Python Yes (information taken from brief note on the PA) ORI/S/DEB Yes Crocodile, Gharial (information taken from brief note on the PA) 29 PUN/S/BHU NP Yes Antelope Cervicapra 1998 30 PUN/S/BHU 31 RAJ/S/JAI NO Yes Cervis unicolor 1998 32 RAJ/S/SAJJ NP 33 SIK/N/KHA No NA 34 SIK/S/SHIN Yes Sambar (Cervus unicolor) 1999 35 TN/N/GUI Yes Dzo 1970 TN/N/GUI Yes Brown trout 1978 36 TN/S/KAN 37 TN/S/KARI Yes Spotted dear (Axis axis) 1940 38 TN/S/KOO Yes Albino black buck No Nil No N.A No N.A 16

duction of Fauna into the PA Status Ranges Reason Establishment in local area Increasing In deer park area In deer park area Establishment in local area Increasing In deer park area Establishment in local area Increasing Intanki Exhibit Stable 6 Not known Unknown Bhunerheri Bhunerheri Request from the PCCF (WL), Karnataka, Sajjangarh to release the reptile in its natural habitat Temperate to alpine These were caught in Sambalpur town zone and released in the PA. Yumthang Chhu at Phunigi Ten Gharial and three Crocodile have Stable Guindy National Park been released in the creek adjoining Stable Hirakund Resovior from the Crocodile research station at Chourasimal with in the PA. To relocate surplus stock. To relocate surplus stock. In order to repopulate the area. Stable It is used as a pack animal Increasing Stable Introduced by local Maharaja Increasing 63

Table 1.9: Deliberate Introd Sno PA code Old data-1984- New Data Species Year 87 1998-03 1957 39 TN/S/MUD Nil 40 TN/S/MUK No Nil 41 TN/S/POIN Jakal No Chital TN/S/POIN Nil 42 TN/S/UDA NO No Nil 43 TN/S/VAD Nil 44 TN/S/VED No Nil 45 TN/S/VELL Spotted deer 46 TRI/S/TRI No Asiatic lion (Panthera leo 47 UP/S/CHA persica) No No No NP Yes YES Yes Yes Asiatic Lion (Panthera Leo UP/S/CHA persica) 1957 48 UTT/N/COR NO Yes Crocodile 1994 UTT/N/COR NP Yes Ghariyal 1904 49 WB/N/GOR NP 50 WB/N/SUN NO No Nil 1969 51 WB/S/BAL No NA 52 WB/S/BET No None Yes Chital 53 WB/S/BIB Yes Chital (Axis axis) 1964 54 WB/S/HAL 55 WB/S/LOT No NA 56 WB/S/RAI 57 WB/S/RAM No NA WB/S/RAM No NA WB/S/RAM Yes Spotted deer (Axis axis) From WB/S/RAM starting Yes Black Buck (Antelope From carvicopus) starting Yes Leopard (Panthera pardus) 1996 Yes Pelican 1996 16

duction of Fauna into the PA Status Ranges Kodikkarai Reason Increasing Predator-prey equilibrium Increasing To create an alternate free ranging Lions have not Rajnagar population of Asiatic lions. been observed in Chandraprabha the sanctuary after 1970. Chandra Prabha Sarpduli and Tourism This was apart of the former range of Lions disappeared range Asiatic lions. Reintroduction was therefore from the sanctuary Sarpduli and Tourism considered appropriate. after 1970. range Rehabilitation of the species which was on Increasing the verge of extinction. Increasing Aesthetic, To prepare stock for Stable Entire Sanctuary reintroduction. Increasing Bongaon Social To create deer park Forestry Range To develop educational tourism Increasing Ramnabagan WildLife To develop educational tourism Stable Sanctuary To develop educational tourism Increasing To develop educational tourism Stable Ramnabagan WildLife Sanctuary Ramnabagan WildLife Sanctuary Ramnabagan WildLife Sanctuary 64

Table 1.9: Deliberate Introd Sno PA code Old data-1984- New Data Species Year WB/S/RAM 87 1998-03 Ajdtutant stork 1996 WB/S/RAM Peacock 1996 WB/S/RAM Yes Various Birds 1996 No 58 WB/S/SEN Yes Yes No 16

duction of Fauna into the PA Status Ranges Stable Reason Stable Ramnabagan WildLife To develop educational tourism Declining Sanctuary To develop educational tourism Ramnabagan WildLife To develop educational tourism Sanctuary Ramnabagan WildLife Sanctuary 65

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA 166

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 1 A&N/N/SAD Introduction A private contractor, M/s P.C. Roy, 2 A&N/S/CUT No brought elephants from the mainland to No carry out timber extraction in Interview island in 1950. When they wound up 3 A&N/S/INT Yes their operations in the island, they left 4 A&N/S/NAR No behind the elephants that they had 5 A&N/S/NOR No brought. These have now become 6 AP/N/KAS No residents in the PA. 7 AP/N/MAH No 8 AP/N/MRU No Prosopis juliflora invading the PA 9 AP/N/VEN No 10 AP/S/COR No During the second world war, the 11 AP/S/ETU No Japanese left their horses in this area. 12 AP/S/GUN No There are now approximately 79 feral 13 AP/S/KAW No horses in the national park 14 AP/S/KOL No 15 AP/S/KOU No 16 AP/S/KRI Yes 17 AP/S/MAN No 18 AP/S/NEL No 19 AP/S/PAK No 20 AP/S/PAP No 21 AP/S/POC No 22 AP/S/PRA 23 AP/S/PUL No 24 AP/S/SIW No 25 ARU/N/MOU No 26 ARU/N/NAM No 27 ARU/S/DER No 28 ARU/S/KAM No 29 ARU/S/MEH No 30 ARU/S/YOR No 31 ASS/N/DIB Yes 32 ASS/N/KAZ No 33 ASS/N/MAN No 34 ASS/N/NAME No 35 ASS/N/ORA No 36 ASS/S/BAR No 37 ASS/S/BUR No 38 ASS/S/DIP 167

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 39 ASS/S/EKAR Introduction 40 ASS/S/GAR No 41 ASS/S/GIB No 42 ASS/S/KAR No 43 ASS/S/LAO No 44 ASS/S/NAMB No 45 ASS/S/PAN No 46 ASS/S/POB No 47 ASS/S/SON No 48 BIH/S/RAJ No 49 CHD/S/SUK No 50 CHT/N/IND No 51 CHT/N/KAN No 52 CHT/S/ACH 53 CHT/S/BAR No 54 CHT/S/BHA No 55 CHT/S/GOM No 56 CHT/S/PAM No 57 CHT/S/SIT No 58 CHT/S/TAM No 59 CHT/S/UDA No 60 DEL/S/ASO No 61 GOA/S/BON No 62 GOA/S/CHO No 63 GUJ/N/BAN No 64 GUJ/S/PUR No 65 GUJ/S/RAT No 66 GUJ/S/WIL No 67 HAR/N/SUL No 68 HAR/S/ABU No 69 HAR/S/BHIN No 70 HAR/S/BIRB No 71 HAR/S/BIRS No 72 HAR/S/CHIL 73 HAR/S/KAL No 74 HAR/S/KHA 75 HAR/S/NAH No 76 HAR/S/SAR No 77 HP/N/GRE No 82 HP/S/DAR No 83 HP/S/DHA No 84 HP/S/GAM No 81 HP/S/KAI No 85 HP/S/KAL 78 HP/S/KAN No 79 HP/S/KHO 86 HP/S/KUG No 87 HP/S/LIP No 168

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 80 HP/S/MAN Introduction 88 HP/S/NAR The Bactrian camels that were use as 89 HP/S/PON No pack animals along the silk trade route, 90 HP/S/RUP No became redundant and soon became 91 HP/S/SAN No feral. 92 HP/S/SHI No 93 HP/S/TUN No Star tortoise-seized in Bangalore and left 94 J&K/N/HEM No in the PA in 2000. 95 J&K/N/KIS No 96 J&K/S/CHA No No 97 J&K/S/KAR Yes 98 J&K/S/OVE No 99 JHA/N/RAJ No 100 JHA/S/HAZ No 101 JHA/S/PAR No 102 JHA/S/UDH No 103 KAR/N/ANS No 104 KAR/N/BAND No 105 KAR/N/BANN Yes 106 KAR/N/KUD No 107 KAR/N/NAG No 108 KAR/S/ADI No 109 KAR/S/ARA No 110 KAR/S/ATT No 111 KAR/S/BHA No 112 KAR/S/BIL No 113 KAR/S/BRA 114 KAR/S/DAN No 115 KAR/S/DOR 116 KAR/S/GHA No 117 KAR/S/GUD 118 KAR/S/KAV No 119 KAR/S/MEL No 120 KAR/S/MOO No 121 KAR/S/NUG No 122 KAR/S/PUS No 123 KAR/S/RANE No 124 KAR/S/RANG No 125 KAR/S/SHA 126 KAR/S/SHE No 127 KAR/S/SOM No 128 KAR/S/TAL No 129 KER/N/ERA No 130 KER/S/ARA No 169

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 131 KER/S/CHIN Introduction 132 KER/S/WAY No A total of 5 bears have migrated from the 133 MAH/N/AND No adjoining range forest to Aner Dam since 134 MAH/N/NAV No the past 2-3 months (December 135 MAH/N/PEN No 1999,January & February 2000). 136 MAH/N/SAN No 137 MAH/S/AMB No No 138 MAH/S/ANE Yes 139 MAH/S/BHA No 140 MAH/S/BHI No 141 MAH/S/BOR No 142 MAH/S/CHAN No 143 MAH/S/CHAP No 144 MAH/S/DEU No 145 MAH/S/GAU No 146 MAH/S/GRE No 147 MAH/S/GYA No 148 MAH/S/JAI No 149 MAH/S/KAL No 150 MAH/S/KAR No 151 MAH/S/KAT No 152 MAH/S/MAL No 153 MAH/S/MAY No 154 MAH/S/NAG No 155 MAH/S/NAI No 156 MAH/S/NAR No 157 MAH/S/PAI No 158 MAH/S/RAD No 159 MAH/S/SAG No 160 MAH/S/TIP No 161 MAH/S/WAN No 162 MAH/S/YAW No 163 MAH/S/YED No 164 MAN/N/KEI No 165 MAN/S/YAN 166 MEG/N/BAL No 167 MEG/N/NOK No 168 MEG/S/BAG No 169 MEG/S/NON No 170 MEG/S/SIJ No 171 MIZ/N/MUR No 172 MIZ/N/PHA No 173 MIZ/S/DAM No 174 MIZ/S/KHA No 175 MIZ/S/LEN No 170

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 176 MIZ/S/NGE Introduction 177 MP/N/BAN No Captive animals from zoo were released 179 MP/N/GHU No in the area in the year 1999. 180 MP/N/PEN No 181 MP/N/SAN No 182 MP/N/SAT No 183 MP/N/VAN No 184 MP/S/BAD No 178 MP/S/BAG No 185 MP/S/GAN No 187 MP/S/KAR No 188 MP/S/KHE No 189 MP/S/KUN No 190 MP/S/NAR No 191 MP/S/NAT No 192 MP/S/NOR No 193 MP/S/ORC No 194 MP/S/PEN No No 195 MP/S/RAL 196 MP/S/SAI Yes 197 MP/S/SAR No 186 MP/S/SON No 198 NAG/N/INT 199 NAG/S/FAK No 200 NAG/S/PUL No 201 NAG/S/RAN No 202 ORI/N+S/BHI No 203 ORI/S/BAD No 204 ORI/S/BAI No 205 ORI/S/BAL No 206 ORI/S/CHA No 207 ORI/S/CHI No 208 ORI/S/DEB No 209 ORI/S/HAD No 210 ORI/S/KAR No 211 ORI/S/KHA No 212 ORI/S/KOT No 213 ORI/S/KUL No 214 ORI/S/LAK No 215 ORI/S/SATN No 216 ORI/S/SATS No 217 ORI/S/SIM No 218 ORI/S/SUN No 219 PUN/S/ABO No 220 PUN/S/AIS No 221 PUN/S/BHA No 222 PUN/S/BHU No No 171

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 223 PUN/S/DOS Introduction 224 PUN/S/GUR No A tigress came to the park on its own and 225 PUN/S/HAR No is residing in the park continuously since 226 PUN/S/MAH No December 1999. 227 PUN/S/MOT No 228 PUN/S/TAK No Feral dogs abandoned by army jawans 229 RAJ/N/DES 1. Pangolin- caught in nearby town, 2. No Star tortoise seized by customs and 230 RAJ/N/KEO released in Guindy National Park. 231 RAJ/S/BAS Yes 232 RAJ/S/BHA No 241 RAJ/S/JAI No 233 RAJ/S/JAM No 234 RAJ/S/KELA No 235 RAJ/S/KUM No 236 RAJ/S/NAH No 237 RAJ/S/PHU No 238 RAJ/S/SAJJ No 239 RAJ/S/SIT No 240 RAJ/S/TAL No 242 RAJ/S/TOD No 243 RAJ/S/VAN No 244 SIK/N/KHA No 245 SIK/S/BAR No 246 SIK/S/FAM 247 SIK/S/KYON No 248 SIK/S/MAE Yes 249 SIK/S/SHIN No No 250 TN/N/GUI 251 TN/N/GUL Yes 252 TN/N/IND 253 TN/N/MUD No 254 TN/N/MUK No 255 TN/S/CHI No 256 TN/S/GRI 257 TN/S/KAN No 258 TN/S/KARA No 259 TN/S/KARI 260 TN/S/KOO No 261 TN/S/MEL No 262 TN/S/POIN 263 TN/S/PUL No 264 TN/S/UDA No 265 TN/S/VAD No 266 TN/S/VALL No 267 TN/S/VED No No 172

Table 1.10: Accidental Introduction of Fauna into the PA Sno. PA code Accidental Details of Accidental Introduction 268 TN/S/VELL Introduction NA 269 TN/S/VET No 270 TRI/S/GUM No 271 TRI/S/TRI No 286 UP/S/BAK No 272 UP/S/CHA 273 UP/S/KAC No 274 UP/S/KAI No 275 UP/S/KAT No 285 UP/S/LAKH No 284 UP/S/MAH 283 UP/S/NAT No 282 UP/S/NAW No 280 UP/S/OKH 281 UP/S/PAR No 276 UP/S/PAT 277 UP/S/RAN No 288 UP/S/SAM No 289 UP/S/SAMS No 290 UP/S/SAN 287 UP/S/SOH No 291 UP/S/SUH No 278 UP/S/SURA No 279 UP/S/SURS No 292 UP/S/VIJ No 293 UTT/N/COR No 294 UTT/N/GAN No 295 UTT/N+S/GOV No 296 UTT/S/ASK No 297 UTT/S/BIN No 300 UTT/S/BINOG No 298 UTT/S/KED No 299 UTT/S/SON No 301 WB/N/GOR 302 WB/N/NEO No 303 WB/N/SUN No 304 WB/S/BAL No 305 WB/S/BET No 306 WB/S/BIB No 307 WB/S/CHA No 308 WB/S/HAL No 309 WB/S/LOT No 310 WB/S/RAI 311 WB/S/RAM 312 WB/S/SEN 173

Table 1.11: Fauna Breeding in the PA 174

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding bred in captivity captivity source 1 A&N/N/SAD when bred bred 2 A&N/S/CUT Old data- New Data 1984-87 1998-03 NO No Turtles Annually Depending Wild NP Yes since 1997 on the clutch size 3 A&N/S/INT NO No No 4 A&N/S/NAR NP No 5 A&N/S/NOR NP No 6 AP/N/KAS NP 7 AP/N/MAH AP/N/MRU 8 NP No Spotted beer 1984 20 wild 9 AP/N/VEN NO No 10 AP/S/COR NO No 11 AP/S/ETU NP No 12 AP/S/GUN NO Yes AP/S/KAW 13 Chowsinga 1998 3 AP/S/KAW Neelgai 1998 4 AP/S/KAW NO No Nilgai 1997 2 Zoo 14 AP/S/KOL NP Spotted Deer - Axis 1992 9 Zoo 15 AP/S/KOU NP No Axis 16 AP/S/KRI NO No 1997 2 Zoo 17 AP/S/MAN NO Black Buck 1998 1 Wild 18 AP/S/NEL YES No Four horned antelope 19 AP/S/PAK NO 20 AP/S/PAP YES Yes 21 AP/S/POC AP/S/POC AP/S/POC AP/S/POC 17

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place To release hatchlings No estimate Annually since The hatchlings are NA back into the sea 1997 released back into the sea from the PA The park is only 2.80 km.sq. and fenced arround. Hence inbreeding may take place For rehabilitation and So far not Proposed to be No steps were taken to to enhance the released released in PA prevent inbreeding. populaiton of soon. herbivores and finally these will be released in the PA. Still kept in captivity Still kept in captivity Still kept in captivity Still kept in captivity 75

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding bred in captivity captivity source 22 AP/S/PRA when bred bred 23 AP/S/PUL Old data- New Data 24 AP/S/SIW 1984-87 1998-03 NO NO No NO NA 25 ARU/N/MOU NP No Hyspid Hare 1997 50 Zoo 26 ARU/N/NAM NO No Sambar 1996 2 Zoo 27 ARU/S/DER NO Presbytis Spp. 1998 6 Zoo 28 ARU/S/KAM NP Yes (Langur) 29 ARU/S/MEH NO Zoo No Wild ARU/S/MEH No ARU/S/MEH No Yes 30 ARU/S/YOR NP No Pigmy Hog 31 ASS/N/DIB NP No 32 ASS/N/KAZ NP No Spotted deer 33 ASS/N/MAN NP No Black buck 34 ASS/N/NAME NP No 35 ASS/N/ORA NP No 36 ASS/S/BAR No NP No 37 ASS/S/BUR No 38 ASS/S/DIP NP No No 39 ASS/S/EKAR NP No 40 ASS/S/GAR No 41 ASS/S/GIB NP NP Yes 42 ASS/S/KAR NP 43 ASS/S/LAO NO No YES No 44 ASS/S/NAMB 45 ASS/S/PAN 46 ASS/S/POB 47 ASS/S/SON 48 BIH/S/RAJ 49 CHD/S/SUK CHD/S/SUK 1999 50 CHT/N/IND NO 51 CHT/N/KAN YES 17

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place As the area is not confined for the animals, hence the inbreeding does not occur. NA NA By natural mating 35 1998 Outside PA By natural mating 2 1999 1998 Inside PA By natural mating 6 Inside PA Nil Nil To release in the 18 1989 to 2000 Kansal forest area The animals are kept in sanctuary. None Kansal forest area separate enclosures. To release in the sanctuary. 76

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred 52 CHT/S/ACH NO No Nil Couple is k 53 CHT/S/BAR NO No Bonnet macague in captivity 54 CHT/S/BHA NO No Zoo 55 CHT/S/GOM NO No 56 CHT/S/PAM NO No 57 CHT/S/SIT NO No 58 CHT/S/TAM NO No 59 CHT/S/UDA NP No 60 DEL/S/ASO NP No 61 GOA/S/BON NO No 62 GOA/S/CHO NP No 63 GUJ/N/BAN No 64 GUJ/S/PUR NP NO No 65 GUJ/S/RAT NP No 66 GUJ/S/WIL No 67 HAR/N/SUL Yes 68 HAR/S/ABU HAR/S/ABU Indian fox 1998 1 69 HAR/S/BHIN 70 HAR/S/BIRB NP No 71 HAR/S/BIRS NP 72 HAR/S/CHIL NP No 73 HAR/S/KAL NP 74 HAR/S/KHA NP No 75 HAR/S/NAH NP 76 HAR/S/SAR NP No 77 HP/N/GRE NP No 78 HP/S/DAR NO No 79 HP/S/DHA NO No 80 HP/S/GAM NP No NO No 81 HP/S/KAI No 82 HP/S/KAL NO No No 83 HP/S/KAN NO No 84 HP/S/KHO NO No 85 HP/S/KUG No 86 HP/S/LIP NO NO 87 HP/S/MAN 88 HP/S/NAR 89 HP/S/PON 17

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place kept None y No steps are taken 77

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding bred in captivity captivity source 90 HP/S/RUP when bred bred 91 HP/S/SAN Old data- New Data Wild 92 HP/S/SHI 1984-87 1998-03 93 HP/S/TUN 94 J&K/N/HEM NO No Chital and Sambar 1994-99 6 95 J&K/N/KIS NP No 96 J&K/S/CHA NO No 97 J&K/S/KAR NO No 98 J&K/S/OVE 99 JHA/N/RAJ No 100 JHA/S/HAZ NO No No No NO No NP No NO Yes 101 JHA/S/PAR NP No 102 JHA/S/UDH NP No 103 KAR/N/ANS NP No 104 KAR/N/BAND NP 105 KAR/N/BANN Yes Tiger panthera tigris 2000 2 Safari KAR/N/BANN Yes Elephant 1999 1 Picnic corn No 106 KAR/N/KUD NP No 107 KAR/N/NAG NP 108 KAR/S/ADI NO No 109 KAR/S/ARA NP No No 110 KAR/S/ATT NO 111 KAR/S/BHA No NO 112 KAR/S/BIL NO No 113 KAR/S/BRA NP No 114 KAR/S/DAN NO No 115 KAR/S/DOR NP No 116 KAR/S/GHA NP 117 KAR/S/GUD NO 118 KAR/S/KAV NO 119 KAR/S/MEL NO 120 KAR/S/MOO NP 121 KAR/S/NUG 122 KAR/S/PUS 17

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place To increase their N.A. number as they had NA become a rarity in the PA Captive animals are not allowed to mate when Accidental making the female is seen in ner heat (oestrus) N.A. 78

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred Wild 123 KAR/S/RANE NO No Tiger - Panthera tigris 1991 2 124 KAR/S/RANG NO Yes 125 KAR/S/SHA NO 126 KAR/S/SHE NO KAR/S/SHE Tiger - Panthera tigris 1993 1 Safari (Saf the location KAR/S/SHE Tiger - Panthera tigris 1995 3 captive KAR/S/SHE Tiger - Panthera tigris 1997 4 breeding) KAR/S/SHE Tiger - Panthera tigris 1998 3 KAR/S/SHE Lion 1996 2 Safari KAR/S/SHE Lion 1993 & 95 1& 1 Safari 127 KAR/S/SOM Safari Safari 128 KAR/S/TAL Safari 129 KER/N/ERA 130 KER/S/ARA NO No 131 KER/S/CHIN 132 KER/S/WAY NP No NP No No NO No NO No 133 MAH/N/AND NP Yes Marsh Crocodile 1977 434 Wild(from G 134 MAH/N/NAV NP No 135 MAH/N/PEN NO No 136 MAH/N/SAN NO No 137 MAH/S/AMB NP 138 MAH/S/ANE NP No 139 MAH/S/BHA NP 17

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place fari is Not released Step are being taken to n of exchange animals with Not released different Zoos and Safaris in the country Not released Not released No steps have taken so Not released far Not released Not released NA Steps have been taken to facilitate geographical connectivity between this sanctuary and other neighbouring areas to ensure that animals have available to them, as large an area as is possible GM) Introduction and 206 1984 to1996 In P.A. rearing them 79

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred 140 MAH/S/BHI YES No Cervus anicolor 1980-89 8 Zoo 141 MAH/S/BOR No niger(Sambar) 1980-89 15 Zoo 142 MAH/S/CHAN NP Axis axis(Chital) 1980-89 12 Zoo 143 MAH/S/CHAP No Antelope 144 MAH/S/DEU NP No cervicapra(Black Zoo 145 MAH/S/GAU No buck) 146 MAH/S/GRE NP No Muntiacus 147 MAH/S/GYA NP No muntjack(Bhekar) 148 MAH/S/JAI NO No 149 MAH/S/KAL NO No Indian elephant 150 MAH/S/KAR NP No 151 MAH/S/KAT NO No 152 MAH/S/MAL No 153 MAH/S/MAY NO No 154 MAH/S/NAG NP No 155 MAH/S/NAI NP No 156 MAH/S/NAR NP 157 MAH/S/PAI NO No 158 MAH/S/RAD NP Yes 159 MAH/S/SAG MAH/S/SAG MAH/S/SAG MAH/S/SAG 1980-89 3 160 MAH/S/TIP NP No 1982 1 Seizure 161 MAH/S/WAN NP No 162 MAH/S/YAW NO No 163 MAH/S/YED NP No 164 MAN/N/KEI NO No 165 MAN/S/YAN 166 MEG/N/BAL NP Yes 18

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place Establishment in local 17 1989 In the whole No area 1989 protected area No Establishmen in local 50 1989 In the whole No area protected area Establishment in local 46 1989 In the whole No area protected area Establishment in local area In the whole protected area Pending courts verdict N.A., Not so far 80 There is a proposal to acquire corridor for increasing the network of PA's and to connect other PA's through corridors

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred Zoo 167 MEG/N/NOK NP No N.A. Zoo 168 MEG/S/BAG NP 169 MEG/S/NON NO No Tiger, Leopard, Lion, 170 MEG/S/SIJ NO No Spotted deer, Black 171 MIZ/N/MUR NP buck, Sambar, 172 MIZ/N/PHA NP No Neelgai. 173 MIZ/S/DAM NO No 174 MIZ/S/KHA NP No 175 MIZ/S/LEN NP No 176 MIZ/S/NGE NP No 177 MP/N/BAN NO No 178 MP/N/GHU NP No 179 MP/N/PEN NO No 180 MP/N/SAT NO No 181 MP/N/VAN NO Yes 182 MP/S/BAD NO No N.A. 183 MP/S/BAG NO No N.A 184 MP/S/GAN NO No Nil 185 MP/S/KAR NO No 186 MP/S/KHE NO No Black buck 1999 3 187 MP/S/KUN NP No Neelgai (Blue bull) 2000 2 188 MP/S/NAR NO No Chital 189 MP/S/NAT YES No N.A 190 MP/S/NOR NP No N.A. 191 MP/S/ORC No N.A. 192 MP/S/PEN NO No 193 MP/S/RAL NO Yes MP/S/RAL NO No MP/S/RAL NO No 194 MP/S/SAI NP No 195 MP/S/SAN 196 MP/S/SAR NO No 197 MP/S/SON NP No 198 NAG/N/INT NP 199 NAG/S/FAK NP 200 NAG/S/PUL 201 NAG/S/RAN 18

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. Breeding is done as per CZA guidelines. N.A. N.A. 1999 Nil 1999 N.A. 1999 N.A. N.A. None N.A. 81

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred 202 ORI/N+S/BHI Yes Salt water crocodile Wild 203 ORI/S/BAD No (Crocodylus porosus) 1975 204 ORI/S/BAI No 205 ORI/S/BAL NP No Indian purple Every year Not counted Wild 206 ORI/S/CHA NO No moorhen 207 ORI/S/CHI NP Yes NO NP No No 208 ORI/S/DEB NP No 209 ORI/S/HAD NO No 210 ORI/S/KAR No 211 ORI/S/KHA NP No 212 ORI/S/KOT NP No 213 ORI/S/KUL 214 ORI/S/LAK NP 215 Gharial (Gavialis Gandak riv Bihar, Nep ORI/S/SATN Yes gangeticus) 1975 Mugger (Crocodilus Gandak riv Bihar, Nep ORI/S/SATN Yes palustris) 1975 216 ORI/S/SATS No 18

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place To rebuild natural population quickly and to promote captive breeding. All Every year Sanctuary No ver , Captive breeding 787 1977 onwards In Mahanadi river, Does not arise as no pal (eggs were collected Tikarpada, male gharial is available and hatched and Majhipada, in nature in Mahanadi. ver , released) and Sunakhania, pal release to restock Kumarai, Bahali, natural population in Katranga ghat. Mahanadi Captive breeding 284 In Mahanadi river, (eggs were collected Tikarpada, and hatched and Majhipada, released) and Sunakhania, release to restock Kumarai, Bahali, natural population in Katranga ghat. Mahanadi None 82

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred 217 ORI/S/SIM NP No N.A. 218 ORI/S/SUN NP No N.A. 219 PUN/S/ABO NP No N.A. 220 PUN/S/AIS NP No N.A. 221 PUN/S/BHA NP No N.A. 222 PUN/S/BHU NP No 223 PUN/S/DOS NP No 224 PUN/S/GUR NP No 225 PUN/S/HAR NP No 226 PUN/S/MAH NP No 227 PUN/S/MOT NP No 228 PUN/S/TAK NP 229 RAJ/N/DES No 230 RAJ/N/KEO NO No 231 RAJ/S/BAS Nil 232 RAJ/S/BHA NO No 233 RAJ/S/JAI No 234 RAJ/S/JAM NO No No 235 RAJ/S/KELA No 236 RAJ/S/KUM No 237 RAJ/S/NAH 238 RAJ/S/PHU No 239 RAJ/S/SAJJ Nil 240 RAJ/S/SIT No 241 RAJ/S/TAL 18

Breeding in the PA New Data 1998-03 Reason for captive Numbers Years when Location in PA Steps taken to ensure breeding released in the released that no inbreeding wild takes place NA, as a part of crocodile conservation programme of state government alongwith government of India/FAO/UNDP, a mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) breeding centre exists at Ramatirtha under PA administration. 'Captive reared muggers from this centre are regularly released in the PA for rebuilding the population. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. Nil Nil No NA NA NA Nil NA 83

Table 1.11: Fauna Sno PA code Have animals been bred in captivity Species bred in Years Numbers Breeding Old data- New Data captivity source 1984-87 1998-03 when bred bred 242 RAJ/S/TOD YES No 243 RAJ/S/VAN NP No 244 SIK/N/KHA No 245 SIK/S/BAR NP 246 SIK/S/FAB No 247 SIK/S/KYON NP No 248 SIK/S/MAE No 249 SIK/S/SHIN 250 TN/N/GUI Yes Albino black buck TN/N/GUL Yes NP Crocodile mohar Since 1980 Approx 1000 Rivers 251 NP Yes 252 TN/N/IND TN/N/IND NP Yes Elephant Since 1955 approx 30 Wild and c Elephant 28 Wild TN/N/MUD NP No 253 254 TN/N/MUK NP No 255 TN/S/CHI NP No 256 TN/S/GRI NP 257 TN/S/KAN NP No 258 TN/S/KARA NP No 259 TN/S/KARI NP 260 TN/S/KOO NP No 261 TN/S/MEL NP No 262 TN/S/POIN NO No 263 TN/S/PUL NO No 264 TN/S/UDA NP Nil 265 TN/S/VAD NP No TN/S/VAD NP 266 TN/S/VALL NO 267 TN/S/VED 18