2003 - Vol 2 - Reassessing the Management of National Parks in India - Biological Profiles of Individual PAs

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction 85 Asthetic Stable Krishagiri Upwan Borih- 85 MS EB lines recreation zone 65-66 Not known Declining Bhimashankar 1 known Not known Declining Bhimashankar 1 Not known Declining Bhimashankar 1 66-67 Rehekuri 90-91 To attract black buck and Stopped reduce crop damage and crop rading habit of black buck. 94 Economically Beneficial Stable Akola Akola 94 Economically Beneficial Stable Supe Soil and water conservation Stable Supe Soil and water conservation Stable Supe Soil and water conservation Stable 80-81 To bring the barren land under Increasing In the whole protected 80-81 vegetation Increasing area To bring the barren land under In the whole protected vegetation area 10

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Species introduced Yea MAH/ S/ SAG Old data 1984- New data 1998- Bauhunia racemoss(Apta) intro 87 03 198 198 MAH/ S/ SAG Emblica officinalis(Avala) 199 160 MAH/ S/ TIP NP No Tou (Phragmites karka) 161 MAH/ S/ WAN NP No Vegetable crops 162 MAH/ S/ YAW NO No 163 MAH/ S/ YED NP No 164 MAN/ N/ KEI NO Yes 165 MAN/ S/ YAN 166 MEG/ N/ BAL NP No 167 MEG/ N/ NOK NP No 168 MEG/ S/ BAG NP No 169 MEG/ S/ NON YES No 170 MEG/ S/ SIJ NO No 171 MIZ/ N/ MUR NP Yes MIZ/ N/ MUR Bischofia MIZ/ N/ MUR Porpia roxburghii MIZ/ N/ MUR Artocarpus spp. 172 MIZ/ N/ PHA 173 MIZ/ S/ DAM NP No Bischofia 200 174 MIZ/ S/ KHA NO No Porpia roxburghii 200 175 MIZ/ S/ LEN NP Artocarpus spp. 200 NP Yes Various agricultural crops MIZ/ S/ LEN NP No Barseem 199 MIZ/ S/ LEN NO No Khair 199 NP No MIZ/ S/ LEN NO No 176 MIZ/ S/ NGE NO No 177 MP/ N/ BAN NO No 178 MP/ N/ GHU NO Yes 179 MP/ N/ PEN NO No 180 MP/ N/ SAN NO No 181 MP/ N/ SAT NO Yes 182 MP/ N/ VAN 183 MP/ S/ BAD 184 MP/ S/ BAG 185 MP/ S/ GAN MP/ S/ GAN Desi babool 199 MP/ S/ GAN Prosopis juliflora 199 MP/ S/ GAN Sirali 199 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction 80-81 In the whole protected To bring the barren land under Increasing area 80-81 vegetation Increasing In the whole protected To bring the barren land under area vegetation 98 For shelter Declining Phumdi (floating biomass) Villagers carry out jhum and Unknown North Khawbung thereby introduce plants into the PA NA North Khawbung 2000 Food for birds and animals NA North Khawbung 2000 Food for birds and animals NA North Khawbung 2000 Food for birds and animals Ranges not yet 00 Food for birds and animals N.A. demarcated Ranges not yet 00 Food for birds and animals N.A. demarcated Ranges not yet 00 Food for birds and animals N.A. demarcated Agriculture by villagers 97 Provide fodder to species. Cultivation 92-93 To meet fuelwood requirement Declining Gandhisagar sanctuary and habitat improvement. 92-93 Gandhisagar sanctuary 92-93 To meet fuelwood requirement Stable Gandhisagar sanctuary 92-93 and habitat improvement. Gandhisagar sanctuary To improve degraded forest. Increasing To meet NTFP demand and to Unknown improve the condition of degraded forest. 11

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Yea Old data 1984- New data 1998- Species introduced intro 186 MP/ S/ KAR 87 03 187 MP/ S/ KHE Pre 188 MP/ S/ KUN NO No Khair (Acassia catechu) Pre 189 MP/ S/ NAR NP No Teak (Tectona grandis) som 190 MP/ S/ NAT NO No 197 191 MP/ S/ NOR NO No 192 MP/ S/ ORC NP No 196 193 MP/ S/ PEN 196 194 MP/ S/ RAL NA 195 MP/ S/ SAI 196 MP/ S/ SAR NO No 197 MP/ S/ SON NP No 198 NAG/ N/ INT NO No NP No NAG/ N/ INT No NO Yes YES 199 NAG/ S/ FAK NP No Neepa fruticans 200 NAG/ S/ PUL NP No Teak 201 NAG/ S/ RAN NP No 202 ORI/ N+S/ BHI Yes NP 203 ORI/ S/ BAD Yes 204 ORI/ S/ BAI NO Yes Teak 205 ORI/ S/ BAL NP No Grass (Stylo hamata) 206 ORI/ S/ CHA NO No 207 ORI/ S/ CHI NP No 208 ORI/ S/ DEB NP Yes 209 ORI/ S/ HAD NO Yes Teak(Tectona grandis) Prio ORI/ S/ HAD NP Yes Acacia 199 ORI/ S/ HAD NP Yes Eucalyptus 199 210 ORI/ S/ KAR No 197 Yes Teak 211 ORI/ S/ KHA No 50 y 212 ORI/ S/ KOT Teak (Tectona grandis) 191 Yes Teak(Tectona grandis) 213 ORI/ S/ KUL NP Yes Teak (Tectona grandis) Yes 214 ORI/ S/ LAK 215 ORI/ S/ SATN 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction 1975 To fill up vacancies in the forest Declining Intanki National Park Declining Intanki National Park 1975 and in Plantation in area from where me areas after encroachers were evicted 75 as well. Trial Stable Kanika, Rajnagar Restoration/ Restocking 65/ 66 The original plantation Badarama 65 Commercial plantation has gone but coppice shoots exist. Stable Banigocha Range 2001 Development of meadows. (this 30Kgs of grass seeds Chaurasimal and information has been taken from were sown in 2001 Dhodrokusum brief note on the PA) when the PA was field visited. Therefore status is not known or to 1971 Commercially most valuable There is no natural Compartment: 6,7,9,11 timber species regeneration. The plantations are being destroyed due to illicit felling. But about 50 ha. of teak plantation of 1995-96 still exists in a degraded stage. 94-95 94-95 76 Restocking the area Stable Girishchandrapur years back Introduced during ex-jamidari Increasing Chandragiri 19 state Declining Purunakote, Pampasar Gap filling Commercial timber 12

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Yea Old data 1984- New data 1998- Species introduced intro 216 ORI/ S/ SATS 87 03 195 217 ORI/ S/ SIM 197 218 ORI/ S/ SUN Yes Teak (Tectona grandis) 219 PUN/ S/ ABO NO 199 220 PUN/ S/ AIS N.A. 199 221 PUN/ S/ BHA NP No N.A. 199 222 PUN/ S/ BHU NP No N.A. 199 223 PUN/ S/ DOS NP No N.A. 224 PUN/ S/ GUR NP No N.A. 225 PUN/ S/ HAR NP No 226 PUN/ S/ MAH NP No Israeli Babul (Acacia tortalis). 227 PUN/ S/ MOT NP No Juiflora (Prosopis juliflora). 228 PUN/ S/ TAK NP No Rohira (Tecomella undulata). 229 RAJ/ N/ DES NP No Ber (Zyziphus nummuraria). NP No RAJ/ N/ DES NP RAJ/ N/ DES NO Yes RAJ/ N/ DES 230 RAJ/ N/ KEO Yes Vilayati Babul (Prosopis juliflora) 195 RAJ/ N/ KEO Yes Water Hyacinth 195 RAJ/ N/ KEO Yes Lantana camara 195 231 RAJ/ S/ BAS Nil 232 RAJ/ S/ BHA NO No 233 RAJ/ S/ JAI No 234 RAJ/ S/ JAM No 235 RAJ/ S/ KELA Yes 198 236 RAJ/ S/ KUM No Vilayati Babul (Prosopis juliflora) 90 237 RAJ/ S/ NAH NO No 238 RAJ/ S/ PHU YES No 239 RAJ/ S/ SAJJ NA 240 RAJ/ S/ SIT NA 241 RAJ/ S/ TAL No 242 RAJ/ S/ TOD No 243 RAJ/ S/ VAN NO No NP No 244 SIK/ N/ KHA No 245 SIK/ S/ BAR Yes 246 SIK/ S/ FAM Large cardammom Befo dec the SIK/ S/ FAM Yes Taxus wallichiana 199 Yes 247 SIK/ S/ KYON NP Rhododendron nevium SIK/ S/ KYON NP No Cypripedium tibeticum No 248 SIK/ S/ MAE NP 249 SIK/ S/ SHIN 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction Declining Chamundia wildlife range 58, 1959, 71 For plantation and crop value addition. 93-94 Sand dune stabilisation. Increasing. All ranges. 93-94 Fuelwood. Increasing. All ranges. 93-94 Timber. Stable. All ranges. 93-94 Fodder. Stable. All ranges. 55 To increase tree cover Increasing rapidly Keoladeo Increasing. Regular 50 To beautify the wetlands. removal is carried out. Keoladeo 50 For cosmetic reasons. Increasing slowly Keoladeo Meeting fuelwood demand, 84-85 to 1989- reforesting degraded and barren Karanpur, Baler, Mandrayal, Kela Devi areas. Stable ore Cash crop on the fringes of the Declining laration of sanctuary PA Medicinal plant grown as an Stable experiment Unknown 92 Unknown Conservation Conservation Kyongnosla Kyongnosla 13

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Species introduced Yea Old data 1984- New data 1998- Hanea coromandelica intro 250 TN/ N/ GUI 87 03 Pine (Pinus petula) 251 TN/ N/ GUL 197 252 TN/ N/ IND Yes TN/ N/ IND NO No TN/ N/ IND NP Yes TN/ N/ IND 253 TN/ N/ MUD NP Eucalyptus grandis 197 254 TN/ N/ MUK NP Accacia meanseil 197 255 TN/ S/ CHI NP Swetinia mahagani 197 256 TN/ S/ GRI NO No 257 TN/ S/ KAN NP No Mango 200 258 TN/ S/ KARA NP Coconut 200 259 TN/ S/ KARI NP No 260 TN/ S/ KOO NP No 261 TN/ S/ MEL NP 262 TN/ S/ POIN NP TN/ S/ POIN NP N.A NP TN/ S/ POIN NP Yes TN/ S/ POIN Cicatcida 200 263 TN/ S/ PUL Cashewnut 200 264 TN/ S/ UDA 265 TN/ S/ VAD NO Mangrove species (Risofora) 199 266 TN/ S/ VALL NP No 267 TN/ S/ VED NP Nil Barringtonia acutangula Not NP Acacia nilotica Not TN/ S/ VED NO Yes Syzgium cumini 200 268 TN/ S/ VELL Ficus religiosa 200 NP Yes Ficus bengalensis 200 TN/ S/ VELL Ficus glomerata 200 TN/ S/ VELL NP No TN/ S/ VELL NP Yes Teak (Tectona grandis) 196 269 TN/ S/ VET Karai (Albizzia procera) 196 270 TRI/ S/ GUM NP TRI/ S/ GUM No 271 TRI/ S/ TRI No 272 UP/ S/ BAK No 273 UP/ S/ CHA No 274 UP/ S/ KAC No 275 UP/ S/ KAI 276 UP/ S/ KAT No 277 UP/ S/ LAKH No 278 UP/ S/ MAH 279 UP/ S/ NAT NA 280 UP/ S/ NAW No 281 UP/ S/ OKH No 282 UP/ S/ PAR No 283 UP/ S/ PAT 284 UP/ S/ RAN 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction Increasing Guindy National Park 70 Not known Valparai 70 New plantation for fuel coupe for Declining 70 All ranges 70 tannery & fuel ever green Valparrai Top slip Declining Declining Ever green Increasing 00 Alternative fruit Unknown Kodikkarai 00 Availability for 'Bird & herbivores Unknown Erode Erode 00 Availability for 'Bird & herbivores Unknown Erode Erode 00 Availability for 'Bird & herbivores Unknown Tirthmukh Tirthmukh 96 Eco-development Declining known Providing nesting for birds Declining known Providing nesting for birds Declining 00 Food source for terrestrial birds Stable 00 Food source for terrestrial birds Stable 00 Food source for terrestrial birds Stable 00 Food source for terrestrial birds Stable 62 Commercial plantation Stable 62 Commercial plantation Stable 14

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Species introduced Yea Old data 1984- New data 1998- Prosopis julifora intro 285 UP/ S/ SAMN 87 03 199 286 UP/ S/ SAMS 287 UP/ S/ SAN Yes 288 UP/ S/ SOHA Yes Teak (Tectona grandis) 289 UP/ S/ SUH No 290 UP/ S/ SURA No 291 UP/ S/ SURS Yes Prosopis julifora 197 292 UP/ S/ VIJ No YES Yes Grevillea robusta (Silver Oak) Unk UTT/ N/ COR 293 No Peltoforum Unk No Eucalyptus Unk UTT/ N/ COR Yes Yes UTT/ N/ COR Yes Yes 294 UTT/ N/ GAN 295 UTT/ N+S/ GOV No No 296 UTT/ S/ ASK Yes Kutki (Picrorhiza kurru) 199 Yes Jatamansi (Nardestachya UTT/ S/ ASK NP Yes grandiflora) 199 UTT/ S/ ASK Yes Saxifrage lagulata 199 Yes 193 UTT/ S/ BIN No Deodar Yes 297 Yes Some ornamental flowers UTT/ S/ BIN around rest house Akhrot UTT/ S/ BIN 199 298 UTT/ S/ BINO NO 299 UTT/ S/ KED 300 UTT/ S/ SON Teak 195 Kath sagon 195 UTT/ S/ SON Ailanthus UTT/ S/ SON Eucalyptus 195 Silver Oak 197 UTT/ S/ SON NP UTT/ S/ SON Cupressno cashmirina Eucalyptus spp. 301 WB/ N/ GOR 302 WB/ N/ NEO WB/ N/ NEO 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction Increasing Saman Bird Sanctuary 94-95 Habitat improvement All ranges To increase productivity and Stable quality of wood. To cover the barren ravines of Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary 79 Chambal. Increasing known Bijrani known Decoration of rest house Stable known premises Stable Bijrani Decoration of rest house Stable 90 premises Bijrani 90 Decoration of rest house 90 premises 33-34 Medicinal properties Increasing Hera gomari, Dug, 92-97 Jyotigarh 55 Medicinal properties Increasing, not Binsar 55 Medicinal properties Decoration, also used as timber naturally, but due to 58 74 Beautification plantations carried out, For fruits especially on van divas The plants are present Binsar in a limited area Stable Binsar Stable (growth rate of Sonanadi (Pakhrau 8, the species is poor) Dhaulkhand 6) Stable (growth rate of Sonanadi (Pakhrau 8, the species is poor) Dhaulkhand 6) Stable/ increasing Sonanadi (Dharlkand, Kalushahid) Production Unstable/ declining East Neora 20 Production Declining compartments East Neora 20 compartments 15

Table 1.13: Deliberate Introduc Sno PA code Floral species deliberately Yea Old data 1984- New data 1998- Species introduced intro WB/ N/ NEO 87 03 196 WB/ N/ NEO Yes Pinus patula 303 WB/ N/ SUN 196 304 WB/ S/ BAL Yes Pinus insularis 196 305 WB/ S/ BET Casuarina equisetifolia YES Yes 194 WB/ S/ BET YES No Teak (Tectona grandis) Sev NP Yes Napier, Para bac 306 WB/ S/ BIB 307 WB/ S/ CHA NP No 308 WB/ S/ HAL No 309 WB/ S/ LOT 310 WB/ S/ RAI NP No 311 WB/ S/ RAM NP 312 WB/ S/ SEN NP No NO No NP nil 21

ction of Floral Species into PAs ar of New data 1998-03 Current Status Ranges oduction Reason of introduction Stable East Neora 14 69 Production Declining compartment Stable East Neora 14 69 Production Declining compartments 67 To control soil erosion NPW 49 As production forestry Within a Part of PA veral years As fodder for Chital k 16

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs 217

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Floral species accidentally introduced Sno PA code into the PA? Details of accidental introduction 1 A&N/N/SAD 2 A&N/S/CUT No 3 A&N/S/INT 4 A&N/S/NAR No 5 A&N/S/NOR No 6 AP/N/KAS No 7 AP/N/MAH No 8 AP/N/MRU No 9 AP/N/VEN No No 10 AP/S/COR No 11 AP/S/ETU No 12 AP/S/GUN No 13 AP/S/KAW No 14 AP/S/KOL No 15 AP/S/KOU Yes Prosopis Juli Flora invading PA 16 AP/S/KRI No 17 AP/S/MAN No 18 AP/S/NEL No 19 AP/S/PAK No 20 AP/S/PAP No 21 AP/S/POC No 22 AP/S/PRA No 23 AP/S/PUL No 24 AP/S/SIW No 25 ARU/N/MOU No 26 ARU/N/NAM No 27 ARU/S/DER No 28 ARU/S/KAM No 29 ARU/S/MEH No 30 ARU/S/YOR Yes Citrus plants. Year of introduction unknown. 31 ASS/N/DIB No 32 ASS/N/KAZ No 33 ASS/N/MAN No 34 ASS/N/NAME No 35 ASS/N/ORA No 36 ASS/S/BAR No 37 ASS/S/BUR 38 ASS/S/DIP No 39 ASS/S/EKAR No 40 ASS/S/GAR No 41 ASS/S/GIB No 42 ASS/S/KAR No 43 ASS/S/LAO No 44 ASS/S/NAMB No 45 ASS/S/PAN No 46 ASS/S/POB No 47 ASS/S/SON No 48 BIH/S/RAJ No 49 CHD/S/SUK No 50 CHT/N/IND 51 CHT/N/KAN No 52 CHT/S/ACH 218

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Sno PA code Floral species Details of accidental introduction 53 CHT/S/BAR accidentally introduced 54 CHT/S/BHA into the PA? Due to heavy grazing, Cassia tora, Bantulsa and 55 CHT/S/GOM No Lantana have come into the PA 56 CHT/S/PAM No 57 CHT/S/SIT No No 58 CHT/S/TAM No 59 CHT/S/UDA 60 DEL/S/ASO Yes 61 GOA/S/BON No 62 GOA/S/CHO No 63 GUJ/N/BAN No 64 GUJ/S/PUR No 65 GUJ/S/RAT No 66 GUJ/S/WIL No 67 HAR/N/SUL No 68 HAR/S/ABU No 69 HAR/S/BHIN No 70 HAR/S/BIRB No 71 HAR/S/BIRS No 72 HAR/S/CHIL No 73 HAR/S/KAL No 74 HAR/S/KHA No 75 HAR/S/NAH 76 HAR/S/SAR No 77 HP/N/GRE No 78 HP/S/DAR 79 HP/S/DHA No 80 HP/S/GAM No 81 HP/S/KAI 82 HP/S/KAL No 83 HP/S/KAN 84 HP/S/KHO No 85 HP/S/KUG No 86 HP/S/LIP 87 HP/S/MAN No 88 HP/S/NAR No 89 HP/S/PON No 90 HP/S/RUP 91 HP/S/SAN No 92 HP/S/SHI No 93 HP/S/TUN No 94 J&K/N/HEM No 95 J&K/N/KIS No 96 J&K/S/CHA Poplar ephratica introduced from central Asia 97 J&K/S/KAR Yes during silk route trade. 98 J&K/S/OVE No 99 JHA/N/RAJ No 100 JHA/S/HAZ No 101 JHA/S/PAR 102 JHA/S/UDH No 103 KAR/N/ANS No 219

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Sno PA code Floral species Details of accidental introduction 104 KAR/N/BAND accidentally introduced Eucalyptus hybrid, before 1970 as plantations. 105 KAR/N/BANN into the PA? 106 KAR/N/KUD No 107 KAR/N/NAG Yes 108 KAR/S/ADI No 109 KAR/S/ARA No 110 KAR/S/ATT No 111 KAR/S/BHA No 112 KAR/S/BIL NA 113 KAR/S/BRA No 114 KAR/S/DAN No 115 KAR/S/DOR 116 KAR/S/GHA Yes Eupatorium weed, since long back 117 KAR/S/GUD 118 KAR/S/KAV No 119 KAR/S/MEL No 120 KAR/S/MOO No 121 KAR/S/NUG 122 KAR/S/PUS No 123 KAR/S/RANE 124 KAR/S/RANG No 125 KAR/S/SHA 126 KAR/S/SHE No 127 KAR/S/SOM No 128 KAR/S/TAL No 129 KER/N/ERA Black wattle and Acacia mearnsii. The reason for 130 KER/S/ARA Yes the introduction of these plants is not known. 131 KER/S/CHIN No 132 KER/S/WAY No 133 MAH/N/AND No 134 MAH/N/NAV No 135 MAH/N/PEN No 136 MAH/N/SAN Yes Parthenium,Lantana & Cosmos 137 MAH/S/AMB Yes Rudraksha- core area,Gulmohar (near tulsi lake) 138 MAH/S/ANE No 139 MAH/S/BHA No 140 MAH/S/BHI 141 MAH/S/BOR No 142 MAH/S/CHAN No 143 MAH/S/CHAP No 144 MAH/S/DEU No 145 MAH/S/GAU No 146 MAH/S/GRE 147 MAH/S/GYA No 148 MAH/S/JAI No 149 MAH/S/KAL 150 MAH/S/KAR No 151 MAH/S/KAT No 152 MAH/S/MAL Yes Lantana camara 153 MAH/S/MAY No 154 MAH/S/NAG No 155 MAH/S/NAI No No 220

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Sno PA code Floral species Details of accidental introduction 156 MAH/S/NAR accidentally introduced 157 MAH/S/PAI into the PA? 158 MAH/S/RAD No 159 MAH/S/SAG No 160 MAH/S/TIP No 161 MAH/S/WAN No 162 MAH/S/YAW No 163 MAH/S/YED No 164 MAN/N/KEI No 165 MAN/S/YAN 166 MEG/N/BAL No N.A. 167 MEG/N/NOK No 168 MEG/S/BAG No 169 MEG/S/NON No 170 MEG/S/SIJ No 171 MIZ/N/MUR No 172 MIZ/N/PHA No 173 MIZ/S/DAM 174 MIZ/S/KHA No N.A. 175 MIZ/S/LEN No 176 MIZ/S/NGE No N.A. 177 MP/N/BAN No 178 MP/N/GHU No N.A. 179 MP/N/PEN 180 MP/N/SAN N.A. 181 MP/N/SAT No No 182 MP/N/VAN No 183 MP/S/BAD No 184 MP/S/BAG No 185 MP/S/GAN No 186 MP/S/KAR No 187 MP/S/KHE No 188 MP/S/KUN No 189 MP/S/NAR 190 MP/S/NAT No 191 MP/S/NOR No N.A 192 MP/S/ORC No N.A. 193 MP/S/PEN 194 MP/S/RAL Yes Subaboel/ Parthenium/ Lantana/ Eucalyptus. 195 MP/S/SAI No 196 MP/S/SAR No 197 MP/S/SON 198 NAG/N/INT N.A. 199 NAG/S/FAK No N.A 200 NAG/S/PUL No 201 NAG/S/RAN No 202 ORI/N+S/BHI No 203 ORI/S/BAD No 204 ORI/S/BAI No 205 ORI/S/BAL No 206 ORI/S/CHA No 207 ORI/S/CHI No No No No No 221

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Sno PA code Floral species Details of accidental introduction 208 ORI/S/DEB accidentally introduced 209 ORI/S/HAD into the PA? N.A. 210 ORI/S/KAR No N.A. 211 ORI/S/KHA No N.A. 212 ORI/S/KOT No N.A. 213 ORI/S/KUL No N.A. 214 ORI/S/LAK No N.A. 215 ORI/S/SATN No N.A. 216 ORI/S/SATS No No 217 ORI/S/SIM No N.A. 218 ORI/S/SUN No 219 PUN/S/ABO No NA 220 PUN/S/AIS No 221 PUN/S/BHA No 222 PUN/S/BHU No 223 PUN/S/DOS No 224 PUN/S/GUR No 225 PUN/S/HAR No 226 PUN/S/MAH No 227 PUN/S/MOT No 228 PUN/S/TAK No 229 RAJ/N/DES No 230 RAJ/N/KEO 231 RAJ/S/BAS No 232 RAJ/S/BHA No 233 RAJ/S/JAI No 234 RAJ/S/JAM No 235 RAJ/S/KELA No 236 RAJ/S/KUM No 237 RAJ/S/NAH No 238 RAJ/S/PHU No 239 RAJ/S/SAJJ No 240 RAJ/S/SIT No 241 RAJ/S/TAL NA 242 RAJ/S/TOD No 243 RAJ/S/VAN No 244 SIK/N/KHA No 245 SIK/S/BAR No 246 SIK/S/FAM 247 SIK/S/KYON No 248 SIK/S/MAE No 249 SIK/S/SHIN No 250 TN/N/GUI No 251 TN/N/GUL No 252 TN/N/IND Yes Acacia auricodi famis- dry species 253 TN/N/MUD No 254 TN/N/MUK 255 TN/S/CHI Yes Eupatorium,II world war,Lantana during British time 256 TN/S/GRI No 257 TN/S/KAN 258 TN/S/KARA No No 222

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Floral species accidentally introduced Sno PA code into the PA? Details of accidental introduction 259 TN/S/KARI 260 TN/S/KOO No 261 TN/S/MEL 262 TN/S/POIN No 263 TN/S/PUL No 264 TN/S/UDA No 265 TN/S/VAD No 266 TN/S/VALL No 267 TN/S/VED No 268 TN/S/VELL No 269 TN/S/VET No 270 TRI/S/GUM Some weeds come up accidently in light deficient 271 TRI/S/TRI Yes areas in the sanctuary 272 UP/S/BAK 273 UP/S/CHA Yes Water hyacinth 274 UP/S/KAC No 275 UP/S/KAI No No 276 UP/S/KAT 277 UP/S/LAK Lantana and Parthenium have been accidentally 278 UP/S/MAH Yes introduced. 279 UP/S/NAT 280 UP/S/NAW No 281 UP/S/OKH No 282 UP/S/PAR 283 UP/S/PAT No 284 UP/S/RAN No 285 UP/S/SAMN No 286 UP/S/SAMS No 287 UP/S/SAN No 288 UP/S/SOH 289 UP/S/SUH No 290 UP/S/SURA No NA 291 UP/S/SURS Prosopis juliflora. It was introduced by the social 292 UP/S/VIJ forestry division in year 1979 to cover the barren 293 UTT/N/COR Yes ravines. 294 UTT/N/GAN No 295 UTT/N+S/GOV No No 296 UTT/S/ASK No NA 297 UTT/S/BIN 298 UTT/S/BINO A number of non native species have been 299 UTT/S/KED introduced in the PA accidentally. Year and 300 UTT/S/SON Circumstances of introduction not known. (Dhar et 301 WB/N/GOR Yes al in Biodiversity and Conservation 1997). 302 WB/N/NEO No 303 WB/N/SUN No No No No No 223

Table 1.14: Accidental Introduction of Flora in PAs Sno PA code Floral species Details of accidental introduction 304 WB/S/BAL accidentally introduced into the PA? Hamjam (Polyalthea suberosa). At present, 305 WB/S/BET No abundant. It was introduced along with Chital 306 WB/S/BIB from Orissa. 307 WB/S/CHA Yes 308 WB/S/HAL No 309 WB/S/LOT No 310 WB/S/RAI No 311 WB/S/RAM 312 WB/S/SEN No No 224

Table 1.15: Threatened Species of Flora in PAs 225

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 1 AP/S/GUN 87 03 Litson decanarsis G AP/S/GUN AP/S/GUN Yes AP/S/GUN 2 AP/S/KAW NP Stercutia urens G AP/S/PAP Litsea decanarsis G AP/S/PAP 3 AP/S/PAP Strychnos cinnamomifolia G AP/S/PAP AP/S/PAP NO Yes Tapsi (Stercula urens) Ja AP/S/PRA In 4 AP/S/PRA AP/S/PRA Bi AP/S/PRA Pterocarpus marsupium W Tectona grandis Po V. NO Yes Dalbergia latifolia - Rose wood Ra m Pterocarpus marsupium W Tectona grandis Po V. Maliva arborea, Diospyros nelanoxylon Ch NO Yes Marri Strichnous nuxvomica Maliva arborea Ch AP/S/PRA Diospyros nelanoxylon N AP/S/PRA 5 ARU/N/NAM Marri (Buchanania laxzen) 6 ARU/S/MEH 7 ARU/S/YOR NO Yes Data not available NO 8 ASS/S/BAR NP Yes Data not available NP Yes Coptis teeta (Mishimi teeta) No Ra Yes Teak (Tectona grandis) Pl 22

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to Decline mitigate the problem, if any GBM Over explotation for GBM Bark GBM Over explortation for Gum GBM, Baireni annaram Over explotation for ndanpally, Bark irsaipet. Whole sanctuary 25% Over exploitation by the Recently it is being introduced in 50% gum collector as a the vss plantation areas olavaram and NTFP .R.Puram Protection ampachoduvara Illicit felling and Podu m, Polavaram cultivation Booking of offences protection Whole sanctuary Illicit felling olavaram and .R.Puram 50% Illicit felling Protection hennur, Neelwai 25% Illicit felling and Podu Protection 50% cultivation Booking of offences, protection Illicit felling 75% Heavy pressure from Under JFM prog. the locally the fringe villagers for threatened sp. were given due fire wood and s importance to regenera hennur, 75% Heavy pressure from Under JFM prog. the locally Nilwai the fringe villagers for threatened sp. were given due fire wood and small importance to regenerate the timber declining flora. 75% orth-Western Not known Over exploitation None anges Illegal felling for Strict protection has been lains area commercial use accorded to the area 26

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra ASS/S/BAR 87 03 Gomari (Gmelina arboria) ASS/S/BAR Pl ASS/S/BAR Simul (Bambax ceiba) ar ASS/S/BAR Pl ASS/S/BAR ASS/S/BAR Bansom (Phoebe goalparensis) Hi 9 ASS/S/LAO Gomari (Gmclina arboria) Pl ASS/S/LAO Simul (Bambax cibai) ar ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO Pl ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO Bansom (Phoebe goalparensis) Hi ASS/S/LAO NP Yes Sisoo (Dallargia Sisoo) Th 10 ASS/S/SON 11 CHD/S/SUK PA CHD/S/SUK Gamari (Gamdina arboria) Th PA CHD/S/SUK Koroi (Albeigia procara) Th PA Ajar (Lagesthomia flosreginae) Th PA Gamari (Gamdina arboria) Th PA Koroi (Albeigia proc Th PA Ajar (Lagesthomia flosreginae) Th NP Yes Bonsum (Phoebe goalparensis) Ce Dh NO Yes Lantana (Lantana camara) Ka Ra Congress Grass (Parthenium) Ka Ra Safeda (Eucalyptus) Ka Ra 22

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to Decline mitigate the problem, if any lains and hill Strict protection has been reas Illegal felling for accorded to the area lain areas commercial use Strict protection has been accorded to the area ill areas Illegal felling for Strict protection has been commercial use accorded to the area lains and Hills Streak protection has been given rea Illegal felling for lains area commercial use Streak protection has been given ills area Illegal felling Commercial Streak protection has been given requirement hroughout the Regular patrolling to protect the A Illegal felling Commercial forests hroughout the requirement Removal of Congress Grass and A burning of Lantana Camera time hroughout the Illegal felling Commercial to time, but remain as such. A requirement Removal of Congress Grass and hroughout the burning of Lantana Camera time A Felling to time, but remain as such. hroughout the Removal of Congress Grass and A Felling burning of Lantana Camera time hroughout the to time, but remain as such. A Felling hroughout PA entral and Felling hekiajuli ranges ansal and Nepli Tree Felling ange Tree felling ansal and Nepli ange Not assessed Tree felling Felling by encroachers ansal and Nepli ange 27

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra CHD/S/SUK 87 03 Congress Grass (Parthenium) Ka CHD/S/SUK Safeda (Eucalyptus) Ra 12 CHT/S/GOM Yes Sal (Shorea robusta) Ka 13 CHT/S/TAM NO Yes Lodh (Symplocos raxemosa) Ra CHT/S/TAM Meda(Litsea glurnosa) G CHT/S/TAM G CHT/S/TAM Char(BuchananiaLanzn Ta CHT/S/TAM G 14 GUJ/N/BAN Meda (Litsea glutinosa) Ta GUJ/N/BAN G GUJ/N/BAN Char (Buchanania Lanzan) Ta GUJ/N/BAN G GUJ/N/BAN NO Yes Teak (Tectona grandes) Ta GUJ/N/BAN G GUJ/N/BAN Sissam (Delbergia sisoo( Ta 15 GUJ/S/PUR Na GUJ/S/PUR khari (accia catechu Ba GUJ/S/PUR Na 16 GUJ/S/WIL Charoli Ba GUJ/S/WIL Na Sissam (Dalbergia sisoo) Ba Na Khair (acacia catechu) Ba Na Charoli Ba Na NP Yes Teak, Sissam, Khair Ba Na Sissam Ba Khair NP Yes Aeluropus lagopoides (En) Ad Arthrocnemum Indicum (VV) 22

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to mitigate the problem, if any ansal and Nepli Decline Removal of Congress Grass & ange burning of Lantana Camera time 0.02 sq.km. Badly used by people. to time, but remain a ansal and Nepli 218 sq km Due to commercial Removal of Congress Grass & ange value of the plant burning of Lantana Camera time Normal 218sqkm to time, but remain a Gomarda Due to commercial None Game Rang Decline area value 175sqkm Management plan has been amor Pingla 218 sq km Due to commercial prepared to protect the plants Game range value Management plan has been 175 sq km prepared to protect the plants amor Pingla Due to commercial Management plan has been Game Range value of the plant prepared to protect the plants Management plan has been amor Pingla Due to commercial prepared to protect the p Game range value of the plant Management plan has been prepared to protect the plants amor Pingla Due to commercial Management plan has been Game Range value of the species prepared to protect the plants Management plan has been amor Pingla Due to commerical prepared to protect the plants ational park timber species Prescribed in the management ansda plan ational park Due to commercial anda timber species ational park ansda) Due to commerical ational park timber species ansda ational park Due to commercial anda value of the species ational park ansda) Due to commercial ational park value of the species ansda Due to commercial value of the species Pressure from birds desar (Maliya) 28

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 87 03 GUJ/S/WIL Suaeda maritima (EN) Ad GUJ/S/WIL NP Yes Suaeda Nudiflora (EN) Ad GUJ/S/WIL Tamarix troupii (EN) Ad GUJ/S/WIL Urochondra setulosa Ad GUJ/S/WIL Arthrocnemum Indicum (Vv) Ad GUJ/S/WIL Suaeda maritima (En) Bi GUJ/S/WIL Suaeda nudiflora (En) Bi GUJ/S/WIL Tamarix troupii (En) Bi GUJ/S/WIL Urochondra setulosa (En) 17 HAR/S/BIRB Neem HAR/S/BIRB Sisham HAR/S/BIRB Shisham 18 HP/S/KAI Yes Taxus Baccata En 19 JHA/S/HAZ NO Yes All the species except weeds En 20 KAR/N/ANS NP Yes Memecylon edule An NO 21 KAR/S/BIL Yes Sandalwood Al 22 KAR/S/BIL Bamboo (Dendro calamus Dr 23 KAR/S/DAN Yes strictus, B. arundica) fri 24 KAR/S/GUD Yes karimuttal-Ougenia dalbergoides Ku Ra Yes Nandi G Sa KAR/S/GUD Matti G Sa KAR/S/GUD Honne G Sa 22

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to mitigate the problem, if any Decline desar (Maliya) 10 numbers FEL N.A desar (Maliya) 20 no. FEL N.A desar (Maliya) 20 numbers FEL N.A desar (Maliya) desar (Maliya) ir Bara Ban Jind ir Bara Ban Jind ir Bara Ban Jind ntire PA Full sanctuary An unidentified disease Plantation has been done to fill ntire PA that is causing these gaps and improve habitat in a trees to dry suddenly. small part of the PA nashi Habitat destruction by felling, grazing, fires, Strict protection being given now. ll ranges etc. Decline arrested ry deciduous & Illicit Felling in the past inge areas Seed sown ulgi Wildlife Extraction ange Gudavi Birds Full sanctuary Extraction Seed sown anctuary Lower age classes Seedlings browsed are missing Protection given for the growth as Gudavi Birds Due to heavy well as Birds anctuary population and encroachment Protection given for the growth as Gudavi Birds Due to heavy well as Birds anctuary population and encroachment Protection given for the growth as Due to heavy well as Birds population and encroachment 29

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra KAR/S/GUD 87 03 Beete G NP Sa KAR/S/GUD Nandi G Sa KAR/S/GUD Matti G KAR/S/GUD Honne Sa 25 KAR/S/MEL NO Yes Cycus circinalis G Sa Na M 26 KAR/S/MOO NO Yes Ailanthus Malabarica, NO Cinnamomum Zeeplanica KAR/S/MOO KAR/S/MOO Myristica Malabarica KAR/S/MOO Ashoka - Saraca Indica, Entada Scandens KAR/S/MOO 27 KAR/S/SHA Ailanthus Malabarica, Cinnamomum Zeeplanica Myristica Malabarica Yes Sandal Ko KAR/S/SHA Nandi KAR/S/SHA Beete - Dalbergia latifolia Ka KAR/S/SHA Sandal Ko 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to mitigate the problem, if any Gudavi Birds Decline anctuary 1 Beete Tree Due to heavy Protection given for the growth as Gudavi Birds population and well as Birds anctuary encroachment Gudavi Birds Due to heavy Protection given for the growth as anctuary population and well as Birds encroachment Gudavi Birds anctuary Due to heavy Protection given for the growth as population and well as Birds arayanadurga & encroachment Mudibetta SF Due to heavy Protection given for the growth as population and well as Birds encroachment Slightly declined in Collection by the Rigid protection is being given the past villagers for mat making & for ornamental use Not evaluated No Not evaluated No Not evaluated No Not evaluated No Not evaluated No Protection give for the growth ogan Due to heavy population & for cutting Protection give for the growth argal here & theft ogan Protection give for the growth Due to heavy population & for cutting Protection give for the growth here & theft Due to heavy population and for cutting here and theft Due to heavy population & for cutting here & theft 30

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra KAR/S/SHA 87 03 Nandi-Lagaestromeia KAR/S/SHE Sandal - Santalum album Sh Ha Sa 28 KAR/S/SHE NO Yes Beete - Dalbergia latifolia Sh KAR/S/SHE Sa Sandal - Santalum album Sh Ha Sa 29 KER/S/WAY NO Yes Sandal wood En KER/S/WAY KER/S/WAY NO Kanikonna-Cassiafistula Al KER/S/WAY NP KER/S/WAY NO Chuvamnakil-Toona ci Al KER/S/WAY Vella chadachi-Kydia/Calyane Al KER/S/WAY KER/S/WAY Shore tehura M KER/S/WAY S. 30 MAH/N/NAV 31 MAH/N/PEN Cassis fistula En Toona ciliata En MAH/N/PEN Vella chadachi En MAH/N/PEN Shorea telura M MAH/N/PEN Su MAH/N/PEN No No Yes Sterculia urens MAH/N/PEN Buchanania laneana EP MAH/N/PEN Semicarpus anacardium Diospyros melanoxylon 32 MAH/S/AMB 33 MAH/S/ANE Sterculia urens Buchanania laneana Semicarpus anacardium Yes Bambusa bambus(Bamboo) So Yes Anjan(Hardwikia binnata), An 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to mitigate the problem, if any himoga, Decline anagere, Protection give for the growth acrebyle Due to heavy himoga, population & for cutting acrebyle here & theft himoga, anagere, Theft acrebyle ntire PA Theft ll ranges Theft ll ranges ll ranges 172.22 sq. km. Fungal disease None Muthanga 25% Fungal desease Planting fire tracing .Bathery 80% Borer attack Planting ntire PA 60% Elephant damage None ntire PA Over 50% Climatic change Planting fire tracing ntire PA Muthanga and 86.11 sq. km. Fungal disease Planting and fire tracing ulthan Bathery 275.55 sq. km. Borer attack Planting 206.66 sq. km. Elephant damage None 172.22 sq. km. Climatic change Planting and fire tracing To be sudied Overuse To be undertaken scientifically PR To be studied Over use To be undertaken scientifically Overuse To be undertaken onala Overuse To be undertaken ner dam To be sudied Overuse To be undertaken scientifically Illicit cutting Protection plan Illicit cutting Patrolling To be sudied scientifically To be sudied scientifically Entire range 30% 31

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 87 03 An MAH/S/ANE Salai(Boswellia sierrata) An 34 MAH/S/ANR Yes Salai(Boswellia sierrata) Ka 35 MAH/S/GAU NP Yes Teak Ch Chandan d, MAH/S/GAU Ka Teak MAH/S/GAU No None Na 36 MAH/S/GYA No None Na 37 MAH/S/JAI NO Yes Terminalia chebula,Terminalia Na 38 MAH/S/KAL Na tomentosa & Amla Na 39 MAH/S/KAR 40 MAH/S/KAT No Nil Bo 41 MAH/S/NAG No NO NO Yes Tendu MAH/S/NAG MAH/S/NAG Mahua MAH/S/NAG Teak MAH/S/NAG Tendu 42 MAH/S/NAI Mahua 43 No NO MAH/S/NAR Chandan(Santalum 44 MAH/S/PAI album),Shisham(Dalbergia NP Yes latifolia) MAH/S/PAI NP Yes Bija(Torocarpus Marsupirm) MAH/S/PAI Teak Bo MAH/S/PAI Sisum So MAH/S/PAI Kh 43 MAH/S/RAD Teak So 44 MAH/S/SAG Kh 45 MAH/S/TIP 46 MAH/S/WAN Bijasal(Pterocarpus marsupium) So 47 MAN/N/KEI Kh NO Yes Entada No None NP Yes Sterculia urens Ti NP Yes Safed Murali Va NO Yes Ishing Kambong (Zizania latifolia) 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to Decline mitigate the problem, if any ner dam ner dam 30% Illicit cutting Total protection annad, Nagad Total protection halisgaon,Kanna 30% Illicit cutting ,Nagad Total protection annad, Nagad Not known Not known Illict cutting Not known agzira entire Moderate Illicit extration Vigilance,Patroling agzira entire Moderate Illicit extraction agzira entire Severe Illicit cutting Vigilance & Patroling agzira entire Moderate Illicit extration Vigilance,Patroling agzira entire Moderate Illicit extraction Vigilance & Patroling oth ranges NA Valuable species No Data not avb. Lack of regeneration oth ranges fire No ondhabi & Data not available. No harbi range Data not available. Illicit felling ondhabi & Lack of regeneration & No harbi range fire ondhabi & No harbi range Illicit felling Data not available. Lack of regeneration & fire ipeshwar 40% Heavy uprooting an+Somthana 32

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 48 87 03 MAN/S/YAN Yes Tectona grandis MAN/S/YAN NP Dipterocarpus spp. 49 MEG/N/BAL Yes Agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha) Al NP MEG/N/BAL NO Pitcher plant (Nepenthes Al MEG/N/BAL khasiana) Al MEG/N/BAL MEG/N/BAL Persia villosa MEG/N/BAL MEG/N/BAL Litsea polianthia Al MEG/N/BAL 50 MEG/N/NOK Species of orchids Al 51 MEG/S/SIJ Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes Al MEG/S/SIJ khasiana) MEG/S/SIJ Al MEG/S/SIJ Persia vilasa MEG/S/SIJ MEG/S/SIJ Orchid species (Litsea Al polianthia) Yes Pitcher plant (Nepenthes So khasiana) Yes Agar wood (Aquilaria agalocha ) Si Nepenthes uhariana(Pitcher Si Plant) Si Persia vilasa Litsea polianthia Si Spps of Orchids Si Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes Si khasiana), Persia vilasa, Orchid species (Litsea polianthia) 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to ll the ranges mitigate the problem, if any Decline This species has Over exploitation Protection has been disappeared from strengthened. 75% of the PA. Protection has been This species has disappeared from Over exploitation strengthened. 40% of the PA. Not ascertained Commercial exploitation Sanctuary created at Baghmara ll the ranges Not ascertained Unawareness to ll the ranges Not ascertained endemic existence ll the ranges Not ascertained ll the ranges Not ascertained Bark is of medicinal ll the ranges Not ascertained importance ll the ranges Not ascertained ll the ranges Not ascertained Bark is of medicinal importance Loss of habitat Bark is of medicinal importance Bark is of medicinal importance Loss of habitat outhern slope Not available Destruction of habitat No iju Wildlife Range Not ascertained Commercial exploitation iju Wildlife Range Not as certained Unawareness of iju Wildlife Range Not as certained endemic existence iju Wildlife Range Not as certained iju Wildlife Range Not as certained Barks is of medicinal value Barks is of medicinal value Lost of habitat iju Wildlife Range Not ascertained Commercial value 33

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 52 MIZ/N/PHA 87 03 Blue Vanda Ph MIZ/N/PHA Ph MIZ/N/PHA NP Yes Ph MIZ/N/PHA Ph Pitcher plant Ph Ladies Slipper Orchid Pa Pitcher Plant Pa Pa MIZ/N/PHA Ladies Slipper Pa Pa 53 MP/N/SAT YES Yes Psilotum rundum Pa MP/N/SAT Cyathea gigentea Pa MP/N/SAT Cyathea Spenulesa Pa MP/N/SAT Osmmadu regilis Pa MP/N/SAT Lygodium flernosnon Pa MP/N/SAT Lycopodium Pa MP/N/SAT Drosere lurmarii Pa MP/N/SAT Cyathea gigantea MP/N/SAT Cyathea spenulesa MP/N/SAT Osmmada regilis MP/N/SAT Lygodium flernosnon MP/N/SAT Lycopodium 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to hawngpui mitigate the problem, if any hawngpui Decline N.A. hawngpui hawngpui No decline at People from Burma N.A. present attempt collection. hawngpui N.A. No decline at People from Burma achmarhi present attempt collection. N.A. ark Pachmarhi ark Pachmarhi No decline at People from Burma N.A. ark Pachmarhi present attempt collection. ark Pachmarhi All botanical collections have ark Pachmarhi No decline at People from Burma been banned. ark Pachmarhi present attempt collection due All Botinical collections have achmarhi to strict patrollin been banned achmarhi All Botinical collections have achmarhi No decline at People from Burma been banned achmarhi presen attempt collection due All Botinical collections have achmarhi to strict been banned All Botinical collections have Very rare Botanical collection. been banned All Botinical collections have very rare Botanical Collections been banned All Botinical collections have Very rare Botanical collections been banned All botanical collections have rare Botanical collection been banned. All botanical collections have rare Botanical collections been banned. All botanical collections have Very rare Botanical collections been banned. All botanical collections have Very rare Botanical collections been banned. All botanical collections have Very rare Botanical collection. been banned. Very rare Botanical collection. Rare Botanical collection. Rare Botanical collection. Very rare Botanical collection. 34

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra MP/N/SAT 87 03 Drosera lurmarii Pa 54 MP/S/NAR NO Yes Chandan (Santalum album) Na MP/S/NAR MP/S/NAR Acacis catechu (Khair) Na MP/S/NAR MP/S/NAR Chlorophytun aundina Na MP/S/NAR MP/S/NAR Annona & quamosa (silaphal) Na 55 NAG/N/INT Khair (Acacia catechu) Na 56 ORI/S/BAD Safed musali (Chlorophytum Na ORI/S/BAD arundinacum) Na ORI/S/BAD 57 ORI/S/BAL Sitaphal (Annona squamosa) 58 ORI/S/CHA NO Yes Aquilaria agallocha (Agarwood) In NP Yes Bandhan(Rugeima Ba oogineais),Sissoo(Dalbeagin NP Yes sisoo), Gambhhari (Gmelina Ba YES Yes arborera) Ba Ba Bija(Pterocarpus mersupium) Do Bija(Pterocarpus mersupium) Bhoja patta Shorea robusta 59 ORI/S/DEB NP Yes Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium) La Ka 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to achmarhi Decline mitigate the problem, if any arsingarh All botanical collections have arsingarh Very rare Botanical collection. been banned. arsingarh Area is protected. Regeneration arsingarh 500 hectares Illegal trading is increasing. arsingarh Area is protected regenaration is arsingarh 2000 Hac. illicit felling increasing. arsingarh Area is protected regenaration is ntanki 500 Hac. Medicinal value increasing. adarma Area is protected regenaration is 1500 Hac. Commerical value increasing. Area is protected. Regeneration 2000 hectares Illicit felling is increasing. Area is protected. Regeneration 500 hectares Medicinal value is increasing. Area is protected. Regeneration 1500 hectares Commercial value is increasing. None Decline in number Illegal extraction of of standing trees agarwood Patrolling has been initiated Not known Illicit felling adarma Can't say Illicit felling Patrolling has been initiated adarma Not known Illicit felling Patrolling has been initiated alukhand None ompada 20 sq.km. of the Smuggling of timber, No mature tree is available in the PA that used to fire and lack of natural PA. The sal patch of coppice akhanpur and harbour this plant regeneration. origin is now protected. amgaon range. has seen a decline Illicit felling by in its numbers. peripheral villagers and Regular patrolling is being carried smugglers. out. 35

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 60 ORI/S/HAD 87 03 Ashoka(Saraca Co NP Yes indica),Nageswar(Mesua ferrea), 1, Cham ORI/S/HAD Sisham(Dalbergia Co sisoo),Bija(pterocarpus 2, marsupium ORI/S/HAD Cycas(Cycas bedomii) Co ORI/S/HAD Sisham(Dalbergia Co sisoo),Bija(Pterocarpus 2, ORI/S/HAD marsupium Co Cycas(Cycas bedomii) 61 ORI/S/KHA NP Yes Bandhan,Rosewood,Sisoo G 62 Sal (Shorea Robusta), Pia Sal (Pterocarpus marsupium), Sisoo (Dalbergia Sisoo), Kasi (Bradelin retusa), Teak (Tectona Grandis) Th ORI/S/KUL Yes and Kaim (Adina Cordifolia) PA 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to Decline mitigate the problem, if any ompartment: ,6,13,14 Reduction of moist Due to encroachment, No initiative have been taken due sites along intensive biotic to failure of relocation of perennial streams interference, illicit encroachers outside the PA. of the PA felling, overgrazing, fire. ompt: Decline due to illicit Due to encroachment, No initiative have been taken due ,3,5,7,8,10 felling Intensive biotic to failure of relocation of interference, illicit felling encroachers outside the PA. ompt: 7 There is a need for curbing smugglers and to touch all ompartment: encroached villages ,3,5,7,8,10 Rampant collection Due to encroachment, No initiative have been taken due Intensive biotic to failure of relocation of interference, illicit felling encroachers outside the PA. There is a need for curbing smugglers and to touch all encroached villages Due to encroachment, No initiative have been taken due intensive biotic to failure of relocation of interference, illicit encroachers outside the PA. felling, overgrazing, fire. ompartment: 7 Rampant collection Due to encroachment, No initiative have been taken due of root stock. intensive biotic to failure of relocation of interference, illicit encroachers outside the PA. felling, overgrazing, fire. Girishchandrapur Number of trees Illicit felling None are declining hroughout the At present there is There is heavy biotic Regular range mobile squad and A very less Pia Sal, pressure. Because the divisional mobile parties are Sisoo and Kasi in PA has the only forests deployed to protect the forest. the PA. Each year remaining in Balasore Other departmental works are there is destruction and Bhadrak District taken up for regeneration of of 5% to 7% of Sal, and the PA is valuable species. Teak and Kaim in surrounded by villages. the PA 36

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra 63 87 03 ORI/S/SATN Pu ORI/S/SATN Yes Kangada (Xylia xylocarpa) Ka ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) Al ORI/S/SATN Al ORI/S/SATN Patuli (Stereospermam ORI/S/SATN chelonoides) ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN Bandhan (Ongenia oojeinensis) Al ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN Gambhar (Gmelina arborea) Al ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN Kurum (Adina cordifolia) Al ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN Asan (Terminalia alata) Al ORI/S/SATN 64 RAJ/S/JAI Siris (Albizzia lebbek) Al 65 RAJ/S/JAM Bahada (Terminalia belerica) Al Harida (Terminalia chebula) Al Dhaura (Anogeissus latifolia) Al Mahul (Madhuca indica) Al Gilla (Enteda phasesloides) Ka Mirigchara (Grewia elastica) Ka Patal garud (Rautfia serpentina) M Piasal (Pterocarpus marsupian) Al No None NO Yes Dhok (Anogeissus pendula). Ja 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to urunakote, mitigate the problem, if any atrang Decline ll forest blocks None, due to dearth of fund, non ll forest blocks Declined in number Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation None, due to dearth of fund, non ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation None, due to dearth of fund, non ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation None, due to dearth of fund, non ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. atrang Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation atrang Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation None, due to dearth of fund, non Majhipada Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. ll forest blocks Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation None, due to dearth of fund, non Survey 1968-1988 Illicit over exploitation allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. None, due to dearth of fund, non allocation of fund. amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure Plantation in degraded areas and preventive measures are being taken. 37

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra RAJ/S/JAM 87 03 Fiscus relegiosa (Pipal) Ja RAJ/S/JAM Sterculia ureus (kad Ja RAJ/S/JAM Boswallia serrate (Salar) Ja RAJ/S/JAM Syzygium euminii (Jamua) Ja RAJ/S/JAM Acacia catchr (Khari Ja RAJ/S/JAM Dendrocalamus strict Ja RAJ/S/JAM Terminalis spp. Ja RAJ/S/JAM Pipal (Fiscus relegiosa). Ja RAJ/S/JAM Kadaya (Sterculia ureus). Ja RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM Salar (Boswellia serrata). Ja RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM Jamun (Syzygium cuminii). Ja RAJ/S/JAM 66 RAJ/S/KELA Khair (Acacia catechu). Ja RAJ/S/KELA RAJ/S/KELA Dendrocalamus strictus. Ja 67 RAJ/S/NAH Terminalia species Ja Yes Googal (Commiphera wightii) Al Karaya (Sterculea urenus) Al Salar (Boswellia serrata) Al NO Yes Dhok (Anogeissus pendula). Na RAJ/S/NAH Bans (Dendro calamus strictus) Na RAJ/S/NAH Salar (Boswellia ser Na RAJ/S/NAH Bans (Dendrocalamus strictus). Na 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to amwa Ramgarh Decline mitigate the problem, if any Plantation in degraded areas and Not studied Biotic pressure preventure measure are being taken under wild l amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure Plantation in degraded areas and amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure preventive measures are being amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure taken. amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure amwa Ramgarh Not studied Biotic pressure Nil amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure Nil Nil amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. Preventive measures are being amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. taken under Wildlife amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. (Protection)Act 1972 and amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. plantations have been carried out amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. in the degraded area. amwa Ramgarh. Not studied. Biotic pressure. Preventive measure are being taken under WL (P) Act 1972 & ll ranges NA Lack of regeneration plantation in degrade ll ranges NA Lack of regeneration ll ranges NA Lack of regeneration Preventive measures are being ahargarh. 50 head loads per Biotic pressure fuel taken under Wildlife day wood. (Protection)Act 1972 and plantations have been carried out ahargarh very rare Domestic use by local in the degraded area. people ahargarh ahargarh. Very rare Domestic use by local The plant has people. become very rare. 38

Table 1.15: Threatened Sno PA code OLD DATA 1984- New Data 1998- Species name Ra RAJ/S/NAH 87 03 Salar (Boswellia serrata). Na 68 Yes Shisham (Dalbergia latifolia ) Ko RAJ/S/PHU YES Safed musli (Chlrophytum M Yes boriveillum) RAJ/S/PHU Brahmi (Centrala asiatica) Ko RAJ/S/PHU M Karaiya (Sterculia urens) Pa 69 RAJ/S/TOD Timru (Diospyrous melanoxylon) Bi RAJ/S/TOD Ra Gugal (Commiphora mukul) Bh RAJ/S/TOD YES Kutki (Picrrohiza kurru) 70 SIK/N/KHA Bi Ra SIK/N/KHA Bh SIK/N/KHA Bi Ra SIK/N/KHA Bh Dz SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA Jatamansi (Nardostachys Dz SIK/N/KHA jatamashi) Dz SIK/N/KHA Pakhanbat ( Bergania aliata) SIK/N/KHA Panch Anguli ( Orchis latifolia) Dz SIK/N/KHA Champ (Michelia excelea) La Silver fir La Okhor (Quercus spp.) Yu Dz Lokhim ( Rheum emodi) Dz Jatamanshi (Nardostachys Dz yatamashi) Pakhanbat ( Bargania Dz 23

Species of Flora in PAs New Data 1998-03 anges Magnitude of Probable Cause Management Initiative to ahargarh. Decline mitigate the problem, if any The plant has Domestic use by local Preventive measures are being taken under Wildlife become very rare. people. (Protection)Act 1972 and plantations have been carried out in the degraded area. otra, Panarwa, 250 sq.km. Illicit felling for use as General protection Mamer timber 300 sq.km. General protection otra, Panarwa, 100 sq.km. Excessive exploitation General protection Mamer illegaly for medicine Declining Biotic pressure anarwa throughout the PA Excessive exploitation General protection ijaji ka Guda, Declining aoli, Jojawar, throughout the PA Illicit felling and drought General protection heem Declining Excessive exploitation General protection ijaji ka Guda, throughout the PA Frequent collection by Patrolling is conducted from time aoli, Jojawar, porters to time heem Frequent collection by Patrolling is conducted from time ijaji ka Guda, porters to time aoli, Jojawar, heem Frequent collection by Patrolling is conducted from time zongri porters to time zongri Frequent collection by Patrolling is conducted from time porters to time zongri - Thansing zongri achen Area & Number Freguteny collection by Petrolling iscondacting from time achen portess to time uksom, Lachen, zongu Fregutent collection by portess zongu zongri zongri - thansing Area & Number 39