2003 - Vol 2 - Reassessing the Management of National Parks in India - Biological Profiles of Individual PAs

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark All most all the animals are affected by Flood, Erosion, Fire. During high floods (as in 1988 and 1998) a majority of the animal population was affected 41

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges ASS/S/BAR PA Activity 9 Hills and plain areas ASS/S/BAR ASS/S/BAR NTFP 10 Plain areas collection 44.06 . Burachapori Wildlife 22 ASS/S/BUR 44.06 . Burachapori Wildlife ASS/S/BUR Tree felling 1989 Every year 70.13 Throughout the PA 23 ASS/S/EKAR Grazing 24 ASS/S/GAR Floods, 1998 grazing, 1983 ASS/S/GAR 44.00 cultivation 25 ASS/S/LAO Others (poaching) Grazing, cultivation, habitation and 221.81 tree felling 6.00 Grazing Development activity (approach road to bridge over Nambor river on NH- 39. Others 1983 70.10 (Hunting) ASS/S/LAO Cultivation Every year 20 Southern part ASS/S/LAO Development 50 Northern part of PA ASS/S/LAO Project (Dyke) 60-70 70.13 Tree felling Since 1983 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 General disturbance Bison (Bos s Migration away from the site Elephant 15 gaurus) 26 Loss of food sources and Loss of water sources Elephant 26 e Range Population decline Hog deer 150 e Range Extinction Rhino 85 Detailed surveys will have to be carried out to indicate the nature of impact, species effected etc. Migration away from the site, Rhino 110 Increased threat from Barking deer predators/hunters Migration away from the site, Loss of breeding site, Loss of food source, Increased threat from predators/hunters Migration away from the site, Loss of breeding sites, Loss of food sources, Increase threat from predator/hunters. 42

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N ASS/S/BAR Hornbill (Aceros Pea fowl (Pavo Wild pig (Sus ASS/S/BAR ASS/S/BAR nipalensis) 16 cristatus ) 14 scrofa) 1 22 ASS/S/BUR ASS/S/BUR 23 ASS/S/EKAR 24 ASS/S/GAR ASS/S/GAR 25 ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 Hog deer (Axis 13 percinus) 15 0 43

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 ASS/S/BAR ASS/S/BAR ASS/S/BAR 22 ASS/S/BUR ASS/S/BUR 23 ASS/S/EKAR 24 ASS/S/GAR ASS/S/GAR 25 ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 44

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity ASS/S/LAO Floods Every year 50 Northern part ASS/S/LAO Grazing Every year 20 Southern part 26 ASS/S/NAMB 37.00 Grazing 33.93 27 ASS/S/PAN 33.93 Flood 33.93 ASS/S/PAN Grazing 16 Entire Tamulidova, Jugdol 28 ASS/S/POB 16.00 Floods Every year ASS/S/POB Siltation Every year 6.8 Pagladova, Noltoli, T ASS/S/POB 6.8 Pagladova, Noltol, T ASS/S/POB Grazing Every year 1.97 Central range 1.97 Dhekiajuli range 29 ASS/S/SON Grazing Every year 1.97 ASS/S/SON 30 Rajgir ASS/S/SON 220.00 Habitation 1996 30 BIH/S/RAJ Tree felling 1996 Cultivation 1997 35.84 Grazing 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Population decline, Disease, Wild buffalo, Migration away from the site, elephant, Loss of breeding site, Loss of hog deer food source, Increased threat from predators/hunters Barking deer Disease, Loss of food source, Rhino Entire Malnutrition, Increased threat population from predators/hunters Detailed surveyes which are yet to be done would only indicate the nature of impact, species affected etc. Loss of breeding site and loss of food source Loss of breeding site and loss of food source Migration away from the site, Loss of food source, Malnutrition, Increased threat from predators/hunters Tuplung jan Loss of water source Rhino 30 Tamulidova Tamulidova Migration away from the site, Rhino Whole Loss of food source, Increased threat from predators/hunters Avi fauna 40 Not assessed Extinction, Population decline, Barking deer Not assessed Loss of breeding site, Loss of (Muntiacus food source muntjack) Pollution decline, Migration away Hog Deer from the site, Increased threat (Axis from predators/hunters parcinus) Pollution decline, Migration away Not assessed from the site, Increased threat from predators/hunters Deer Pollution decline, Migration away from the site, Increased threat from predators/hunters Population decline, disease and migration away from the site. 45

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO 26 ASS/S/NAMB 27 ASS/S/PAN ASS/S/PAN 28 ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB 29 ASS/S/SON ASS/S/SON ASS/S/SON 30 BIH/S/RAJ 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 0 0 0 0 46

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 ASS/S/LAO ASS/S/LAO 26 ASS/S/NAMB 27 ASS/S/PAN ASS/S/PAN 28 ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB ASS/S/POB 29 ASS/S/SON ASS/S/SON ASS/S/SON 30 BIH/S/RAJ 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 47

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges BIH/S/RAJ PA Activity Annually BIH/S/RAJ 12 Rajgir Fire 31 CHT/N/IND 2 Rajgir Tourism 559.82 In the pheriphery of CHT/N/IND 2799.09 Grazing In the month of 559.82 Entire PA \"Parad\" April each year (Hunting festival) 32 CHT/N/KAN 200.00 Cultivation Since 1987 3 Both the ranges CHT/N/KAN Habitation Since 1987 0.7 Both the ranges CHT/N/KAN NTFP Since a long 40 Both the ranges Collection time 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 villages Migration away from the site. Rabbit, Ant eater Loss of breeding site. Population decline Neelgai, Wild boar Population decline Wild buffalo Population decline, migration All wild 20% away from the site, loss of animals, approximately breeding site, loss of food espcially source, Increased threat from herbivores predators/ hunters All faunal Population decline, migration census show away from the site, loss of a downward breeding site, loss of food trend source, Increased threat from especially predators/ hunters the Tiger and herbivores Population decline, migration away from the site, loss of All faunal breeding site, loss of food census show source, Increased threat from a downward predators/ hunters trend especially the Tiger and herbivores All faunal census show a downward trend especially the Tiger and herbivores 48

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N BIH/S/RAJ BIH/S/RAJ 31 CHT/N/IND CHT/N/IND 32 CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN 34

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 49

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 BIH/S/RAJ BIH/S/RAJ 31 CHT/N/IND CHT/N/IND 32 CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 50

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity CHT/N/KAN Since a long 60 Both the ranges Fire (Burning) time CHT/N/KAN Tree felling Since a long Both the ranges CHT/N/KAN time 20 Both the ranges Bamboo and bamboo Since a long shoots cutting time CHT/N/KAN Grazing Since a long 10 Both the ranges time 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Population decline, migration All faunal away from the site, loss of census show breeding site, loss of food a downward source, Increased threat from trend predators/ hunters especially the Tiger and Population decline, migration herbivores away from the site, loss of breeding site, loss of food All faunal source, Increased threat from census show predators/ hunters a downward trend Population decline, migration especially away from the site, loss of the Tiger and breeding site, loss of food herbivores source, Increased threat from predators/ hunters All faunal census show Population decline, migration a downward away from the site, loss of trend breeding site, loss of food especially source, Increased threat from the Tiger and predators/ hunters herbivores All faunal census show a downward trend especially the Tiger and herbivores 51

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 52

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 53

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity CHT/N/KAN Tourism Since 1984 Both the ranges CHT/N/KAN Fishing by Since a long Both the ranges tribals time CHT/N/KAN OTH Since a long 30 Both the ranges 33 CHT/S/ACH (Fuelwood time 80 All the three ranges extraction) CHT/S/ACH Development Since 1978 300 All the three ranges 34 CHT/S/BAD 551.55 (PWD Road) Habitation (22 Since before CHT/S/BAD Forest creation of the CHT/S/BAD villages) PA 104.45 HAB Since before creation of the CUL PA FEL Since before creation of the PA Since before creation of the PA 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Population decline, migration All faunal away from the site, loss of census show breeding site, loss of food a downward source, Increased threat from trend predators/ hunters especially the Tiger and Population decline, migration herbivores away from the site, loss of breeding site, loss of food All faunal source, Increased threat from census show predators/ hunters a downward trend Population decline, migration especially away from the site, loss of the Tiger and breeding site, loss of food herbivores source, Increased threat from predators/ hunters All faunal census show OTHERS (Noise Pollution) a downward trend OTHERS (Disturbance to especially animals) the Tiger and herbivores Number of Listed species All faunal affected slightly species All faunal species Rabbit Jangali Murgi Not known Honey bee Parrot 54

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN Wild pig Titar Bater 33 CHT/S/ACH 35 CHT/S/ACH 34 CHT/S/BAD CHT/S/BAD CHT/S/BAD

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 Parrot 55

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN CHT/N/KAN 33 CHT/S/ACH CHT/S/ACH 34 CHT/S/BAD CHT/S/BAD CHT/S/BAD 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 56

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges 35 CHT/S/BHA PA Activity 36 CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT 138.95 Encroachment 1995 18.5 Bhairamgarh CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT 558.55 Fire (Burning) Annual 0.35 Risgaon and Sitanad 37 CHT/S/TAM Tree Felling Annual 55.8 Risgaon and Sitanad CHT/S/TAM Grazing Annual 140 Risgaon and Sitanad Annual 140 Risgaon and Sitanad CHT/S/TAM NTFP Collection 38 DEL/S/ASO Before the 210 Game Range Tamo DEL/S/ASO 608.53 Fire (Burning) formation of PA DEL/S/ASO Grazing Before the 32 Game Range Tamo 39 GOA/S/BON formation of PA GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON NTFP 1990 593 Game Range Tamo GOA/S/BON 608.53 Collection GOA/S/BON 27.81 Grazing 1986 10 Asola 40 GUJ/S/RAT Mines 1986 4 Asola NTFP collection 1986 10 Asola 7.95 Erosion During Slopes, throughout t monsoons Grazing Peripheral areas of t Habitation NA 1 Bondla zoo Tourism 1978 onwards 1 Eco tourism zone 1978 onwards Pilgrimage Annual (one 2 Siddha shrine day every year) Part of the 55.65 Fire Every year area Kanjeta range 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 di Range (I) Loss of food source (ii) Wild buffalow Leopard di Range Migration away from the site All faunal (Panthera di Range species pardus) di Range (I) Loss of food source (ii) All faunal or Pingla Migration away from the site species Jackal or Pingla Jackal or Pingla (I) Loss of food source (ii) Herbivores Jackal Migration away from the site the PA Herbivores the PA (I) Loss of food source (ii) Tiger Migration away from the site (Panthera tigris) (I) Population decline (ii) Loss of food source (iii) Migration away Common from the site Peafowl (I) Population decline (ii) Loss of Fishes food source (iii) Migration away from the site Nilgai (I) Population decline (ii) Loss of Nilgai food source (iii) Migration away from the site Migration away from the site, Loss of food source, Loss of water source. Migration away from the site, Loss of food source, Loss of water source. Loss of breeding site, loss of Nilgai NA food source NA Mouse deer Migration away from the site (Tragulus menrinual) Gaur (Bos gaurus) NA NA NA Poor regeneration and degradation of soil 57

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 35 CHT/S/BHA 36 CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT 37 CHT/S/TAM CHT/S/TAM CHT/S/TAM 38 DEL/S/ASO DEL/S/ASO DEL/S/ASO 39 GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON 40 GUJ/S/RAT 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 58

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 35 CHT/S/BHA 36 CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT CHT/S/SIT 37 CHT/S/TAM CHT/S/TAM CHT/S/TAM 38 DEL/S/ASO DEL/S/ASO DEL/S/ASO 39 GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON GOA/S/BON 40 GUJ/S/RAT 35

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 59

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges GUJ/S/RAT PA Activity 1986 to 1988, GUJ/S/RAT 2000-01 Whole area Kanjeta range GUJ/S/RAT Drought Part of the NTFP Every year 41 GUJ/S/WIL collection area Kanjeta range 42 HAR/S/BIRB Every year Part of the Habitation 43 HAR/S/CHIL area Kanjeta range 44 HAR/S/SAR Salt Continuously 4953.71 production since 1873 297.21 Dhrangadhra, Bajan 1999 6 Bir Bara Ban Jind 4.14 Fel Cultivation around 0.28 wetland Grazing and 44.02 Cultivation 45 HP/N/GRE 905.40 Grazing From Posterity 905.4 Sainj,Tirthan and Jiw 46 HP/S/DAR 46.59 Fire (Burning) Annual 2 Dofda HP/S/DAR Grazing Annual 3 Dofda 47 HP/S/DHA 943.98 Fire (burning) Annual 1 Bir and Keori beats 48 HP/S/GAM 2 Bhandal Tree felling Annual 30 Bhandal HP/S/GAM (timber Annual 109.00 demand) Grazing 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Wild Ass 200 plus Chinkara na, Adesar Poor regeneration and degradation of soil. Poor regeneration and degradation of soil. Poor regeneration and degradation of soil Migration away from the site, Loss of habitat, Increased threat from hunters. Population decline, migration All migratory away from the site, loss of avifauna breeding site, loss of food source species & loss of water source Loss of breeding site and Loss of Hog Deer food source Sesous(Capri Quite and Ecology and biodiversity of the area has been effected badly cornis good number Himalayan Jhear(Hamits Loss of breeding site, Loss of sumatraeneis of all those agus fem food source wanal ) species Loss of breeding site, Loss of food source All pheasants, Musk deer, Ghoral, Black bear All pheasants, Musk deer, Ghoral, Black bear Population decline, migration Pheasants No estimate away from the site, loss of breeding site, loss of food source General Disturbance General Disturbance 60

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N GUJ/S/RAT GUJ/S/RAT GUJ/S/RAT 41 GUJ/S/WIL 42 HAR/S/BIRB 43 HAR/S/CHIL Goral(Nemorha Blue Himalayan 44 HAR/S/SAR dus goral) sheep(Pseudo brown nayaur) bear(Ursus arc 45 HP/N/GRE 46 HP/S/DAR HP/S/DAR 47 HP/S/DHA 48 HP/S/GAM HP/S/GAM 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 Musk Western Chir(Catreus Deer(Moschife tragopar(Melano wallichii) rus) cephalu 0 61

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 GUJ/S/RAT GUJ/S/RAT GUJ/S/RAT 41 GUJ/S/WIL 42 HAR/S/BIRB 43 HAR/S/CHIL Monal(Lophop 44 HAR/S/SAR honus umpegenus) 45 HP/N/GRE 46 HP/S/DAR HP/S/DAR 47 HP/S/DHA 48 HP/S/GAM HP/S/GAM 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark No scientific survey has been done. Kaleej(Lophus Quite and a leucomdang) good number of all those species 62

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges 49 HP/S/KAL PA Activity 2 Kalatop-Khajjiar HP/S/KAL HP/S/KAL 69.47 Grazing Annual 0.2 Kalatop-Khajjiar 50 HP/S/KUG Annual 1 Kalatop-Khajjiar Tourism and Annual HP/S/KUG pilgrimage 340.98 Entire PA 51 HP/S/LIP 37.89 South & South east Development HP/S/LIP (PWD Road) 307.7 Entire PA 2 52 HP/S/PON 378.87 Grazing Annual HP/S/PON 90 Rupi+Bhaba OTH (Glacier) Annual 10 Rupi+Bhaba HP/S/PON 100 Rupi+Bhaba 53 HP/S/RUP 30.89 Grazing Annual 650 Sangla Annual 487.5 Sangla HP/S/RUP NTFP 325 Sangla HP/S/RUP Collection 54 HP/S/SAN 307.70 OTH (Fishing) Annual HP/S/SAN OTH (Water HP/S/SAN sports) Annual Cultivation on the edge of the lake Annual NTFP Annual 269.15 Collection Fire Annual Grazing Annual 650.00 Grazing Annual Annual NTFP Annual Collection OTH (Fuel and fodder extraction) 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Herbivores Loss of breeding site, loss of food source General disturbance All animals General disturbance All animals No estimate Migration away from the site, Herbivores Disease of PA. Population decline, Loss of All Mammals No estimate breeding site, Loss of food source Herbivores & Pheasants Loss of food source Loss of breeding sites Pheasants Population decline (Diving Birds get caught in fishing nets), general disturbance General disturbance Nesting or feeding of some birds gets disturbed. Loss of breeding site Monal Musk Deer Loss of breeding site Ghoral Monal Ibex Blue sheep Loss of food source, Changes in habitat Loss of food source for herbivores and population decline for pheasants Loss of food source for herbivores and population decline for pheasants Loss of food source for herbivores and population decline for pheasants 63

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 49 HP/S/KAL HP/S/KAL Western Western Western HP/S/KAL Tragopan Tragopan Tragopan 50 HP/S/KUG Musk Deer Ghoral HP/S/KUG 51 HP/S/LIP Himalayan Tahr HP/S/LIP 52 HP/S/PON HP/S/PON HP/S/PON 53 HP/S/RUP HP/S/RUP HP/S/RUP 54 HP/S/SAN HP/S/SAN HP/S/SAN 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 0 Monal Musk deer 64

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 49 HP/S/KAL HP/S/KAL HP/S/KAL 50 HP/S/KUG HP/S/KUG 51 HP/S/LIP HP/S/LIP 52 HP/S/PON HP/S/PON HP/S/PON 53 HP/S/RUP HP/S/RUP HP/S/RUP 54 HP/S/SAN HP/S/SAN HP/S/SAN 36

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 65

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges 55 HP/S/TUN PA Activity Annual 57.6 Entire PA HP/S/TUN 64.00 Grazing 5 South & South-East 56 J&K/N/HEM OTH(Glacier) Annual 7 . Markha, Rumbak, C J&K/N/HEM Development 536 . Markha, Rumbak, C J&K/N/HEM 50 . Markha, Rumbak, C J&K/N/HEM 3350.00 activities Annual 20 . Markha, Rumbak, C 57 J&K/S/CHA Habitation Nyoma and Chushu and cultivation Annual Grazing Annual Tourism Annual Annual Development projects 4000.00 (roads) Erosion and J&K/S/CHA floods Annual 10 Nyoma & Chushul Nyoma and Chushu J&K/S/CHA Grazing Annual Nyoma and Chushu Nyoma & Chushal J&K/S/CHA Tourism Annual J&K/S/CHA 335 km. Nubra Others (Army) Annual 5 . Nubra 58 J&K/S/KAR J&K/S/KAR Development Annual 36 projects Annual 5000.00 (roads) Erosion