2003 - Vol 2 - Reassessing the Management of National Parks in India - Biological Profiles of Individual PAs

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 16

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity ORI/S/KHA Cultivation Every year 2 Girishchandrapur ORI/S/KHA Tree felling Every year 116 Girishchandrapur 131 ORI/S/KOT Shifting Kotagarh 132 ORI/S/KUL cultivation and Almost the entire PA 133 ORI/S/SATN Gharial Research & semi- 1 . Conservation Unit, T ORI/S/SATN 50-70% All ranges ORI/S/SATN permanent 50-70% All ranges ORI/S/SATN All ranges Cultivation on 399.50 streams Not known Growing of human population, collection of timber, firewood, small timber, NTFP forest fire, grazing, cultivation, 272.75 poaching. 795.52 Disease (skin) 1988 Grazing, foot 1979-80, 1995 and mouth disease Fire Every year Every year NTFP collection 41

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Population decline, disease, Herbivores migration away from the site, loss of breeding site, loss of food source, loss of water source, malnutrition, increased threat from predators/hunters. Population decline, migration Herbivores away from the site, loss of breeding site, loss of food source, loss of water source, malnutrition, increased threat from predators/hunters. Habitat loss in going to be Elephant(Elp severe. loss of water source, hus migration away from the site, maximus) Not known increased threat from predators/hunters. A Tiger Leopard Tikarpara (Panthera (Panthera tigris) pardus) Gharial/Than Died between the period of 16- tia (Gavialis 07-1988 to 28-07-1988 gangeticus) 30 Loss of food, shelter All fauna Migration taken place (ruminate) suceptibles. All fauna for Mahua, tenduleaf set fire All fauna 17

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N ORI/S/KHA ORI/S/KHA 131 ORI/S/KOT 132 ORI/S/KUL Elephant Bison (Bos Barking deer (Elephas gaurus) (Muntiacus 133 ORI/S/SATN maximus) muntjak) ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN 41

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 Mouse deer Spotted deer Sambar (Tragulus (Axis axis) (Cervus meminna) unicolor) 18

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 ORI/S/KHA ORI/S/KHA 131 ORI/S/KOT 132 ORI/S/KUL 133 ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN 41

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 19

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges ORI/S/SATN PA Activity Every year All ranges ORI/S/SATN Tree felling Every year All ranges Poaching ORI/S/SATN Fishing Every year 30.10 . Mahanadi river 134 ORI/S/SIM Growing Nawa Para and Kom human 135 ORI/S/SUN 2200.00 population Nawa Para and Kom Nawa Para and Kom ORI/S/SUN 600.00 Fire Every year 28 Harike ORI/S/SUN 86 Harike 136 PUN/S/HAR Cultivation Every year 50 Harike PUN/S/HAR Habitation Every year PUN/S/HAR 86.00 Illegal fishing Annual 50 Harike PUN/S/HAR Illegal Annual 5 Harike poaching Annual PUN/S/HAR Grazing Illegal removal of grass Annual Deliberate burning of grass 137 RAJ/N/KEO 28.73 Drought 2000-2001 11 . Keoladeo RAJ/N/KEO Drought 2000-2001 11 . Keoladeo 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Loss of habitat All fauna Sambar Declining in number Elephant Gharial population dwindled due Gharial, to use of nylon nets for fishing. muggar (Gavialis Stagnation gangeticus) Population decline, migration away from the site, loss of Tiger breeding site (Panther tigris) Loss of food source, increased mna Range threat from predators/hunters Sambar,Chit al mna Range mna Range Wild boar and Barasingha Barasingha Various fish Wild boar Water birds Hog deer Hog deer Migration away from the site, Hog deer population decline, loss of food source More than 30 species of Loss of breeding site, loss of migratory food source waterfowl Species that Thousands breed in heronaries (Egrets, storks, cormorants, herons) 20

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N ORI/S/SATN Indian bison Muntigue ORI/S/SATN Spotted deer ORI/S/SATN Common Hare Hog deer 134 ORI/S/SIM 135 ORI/S/SUN ORI/S/SUN ORI/S/SUN 136 PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR 137 RAJ/N/KEO RAJ/N/KEO 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 21

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN ORI/S/SATN 134 ORI/S/SIM 135 ORI/S/SUN ORI/S/SUN ORI/S/SUN 136 PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR PUN/S/HAR 137 RAJ/N/KEO RAJ/N/KEO 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 22

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity 52.00 Jaisamand 138 RAJ/S/BAS 139 RAJ/S/BHA Dam, grazing, 140 RAJ/S/JAI NTFP 141 RAJ/S/JAM collection, tree felling, tourism, 138.69 pilgrimages Drought, erosion, dam, grazing, 195.02 cultivation 52.00 Grazing Occasional 300.00 Mines. 4.37 Jamwa Ramgarh. RAJ/S/JAM Habitation. 4 Jamwa Ramgarh. RAJ/S/JAM Encroachment 0.17 Jamwa Ramgarh. RAJ/S/JAM . 0.16 Jamwa Ramgarh. Fire. 1998 RAJ/S/JAM Grazing. Prior to 120 Jamwa Ramgarh. 142 RAJ/S/KELA 672.00 Grazing notification of 600 . All ranges the sanctuary in 1983. 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Extinction Chinkara 5 (Gazilla- Increased threat form Gazilla) predators/hunters, population decline, migration away form the Bagh(Panthe site, loss of breeding site. ra tigris). Not recorded Population decline, migration away form the site, loss of All species. Not recorded breeding site, loss of water source, increased threat from Bagh(Panthe Leopard(Pant predators/hunters. ra tigris). Not recorded hera pardus). Population decline, migration away form the site, loss of breeding site, loss of water source, increased threat from predators/hunters. Migration away form the site, loss Ground of breeding site. nesting birds. Not recorded Insects. Population decline, disease, Chital(Axis Not recorded Blue migration away form the site, loss axis). bull(Bosephu of breeding site, loss of food s source, loss of water source. trecocanalus) . Loss of food source and loss of Chinkara NA Neelgai NA water source (Gazella gazella) 23

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 138 RAJ/S/BAS 139 RAJ/S/BHA 140 RAJ/S/JAI 141 RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM Blue bull(Bosepbus RAJ/S/JAM trecocamalus). RAJ/S/JAM Reptiles. RAJ/S/JAM Wild boar (Sus scrofa). 142 RAJ/S/KELA Sambar NA Cheetal (Axis NA axis) 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 24

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 138 RAJ/S/BAS 139 RAJ/S/BHA 140 RAJ/S/JAI 141 RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM RAJ/S/JAM 142 RAJ/S/KELA 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 25

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges RAJ/S/KELA PA Activity 1970 25 . Kela Devi, Mandraya RAJ/S/KELA Mining (in 143 RAJ/S/KUM adjoining 144 RAJ/S/NAH areas) Drought 1999-2000- Entire area All ranges 608.56 Drought 2001 Whole sanctuary (Sa 1987, 1988, 609 Desuri, Bokhara, Ku 1998, 1999, 2000 52.40 Fire. 1990 0.07 Nahargarh. RAJ/S/NAH Encroachment 0.55 Nahargarh. 145 RAJ/S/PHU . 1980 Kotra, Mamer, Pana 511.41 Tree felling Regular event RAJ/S/PHU 13.24 . Kotra, Mamer, Pana 1992, 1993, Kotra, Mamer, Pana RAJ/S/PHU Fire 1994, 1995 Panarwa RAJ/S/PHU Grazing Regular event Kotra, Mamer, Pana Kotra, Mamer, Pana RAJ/S/PHU Habitation Regular event RAJ/S/PHU NTFP Regular event 146 RAJ/S/SAJJ collection Regular event RAJ/S/SAJJ Cultivation RAJ/S/SAJJ Development 5.19 activities Tourism Grazing 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 al Migration away from the site. All species NA Migration away from the site, loss NA of breeding site, loss of food source and loss of water source. All species adari, Migration away from the site Wild boar Not known Insects. umbhalgarh) Migrate from previous site, Ground arwa migration away from the site, loss nesting birds. arwa of breeding site. arwa Migration from previous site to Baghera 1 Neelgai 40 other site and sometimes to (Panthera (Bosolaphus village sites and agricultural pardus). tregocamalus lands. population decline, ). migration away from the site, loss of breeding sight, loss of water source, increased threat from predators/hunters. Population decline, migration Wild hear 200 away from the site (Khargosh) 25-30 Population decline Four Horned 20-30 Antelope Population decline, increased threat from predators/hunters. Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus) arwa arwa 26

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N RAJ/S/KELA RAJ/S/KELA Reptiles. 143 RAJ/S/KUM 144 RAJ/S/NAH RAJ/S/NAH Siyar (Jackal). 5 145 RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU 146 RAJ/S/SAJJ RAJ/S/SAJJ RAJ/S/SAJJ 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 0 27

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 RAJ/S/KELA RAJ/S/KELA 143 RAJ/S/KUM 144 RAJ/S/NAH RAJ/S/NAH 145 RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU RAJ/S/PHU 146 RAJ/S/SAJJ RAJ/S/SAJJ RAJ/S/SAJJ 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 28

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity 147 RAJ/S/SIT RAJ/S/SIT 422.94 Dam 1964 10 . Jakham, Badi-Sadar Habitation 1970 onwards 2 . All ranges 148 RAJ/S/TAL RAJ/S/TAL 7.19 Drought. 1999 7.19 Whole sanctuary. 149 RAJ/S/TOD Drought. 2000 7.19 Whole sanctuary. RAJ/S/TOD 495.27 Drought 1998-99, 1999- RAJ/S/TOD 2000, 2000- Bijaji ka Guda, Jojaw Drought 2001 495.27 . Raoli 150 RAJ/S/VAN Grazing 1998-99, 1999- RAJ/S/VAN 2000, 2000- Bijaji ka Guda, Jojaw 2001 495.27 . Raoli 151 SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA Annual 2.50 . Bijaji ka Guda, Jojaw SIK/N/KHA 25.60 Mining Since lase 15 5% of the PA. Entire PA Grazing to 20 years Since creation Throughout of PA the PA Entire PA 1784.00 Fire 1975/1999 2 Dzongri Tourism Dzogri- Goechala Cultivation Isoka SIK/N/KHA Felling Isoka, Dzongri 42

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Not known Population decline, migration Chinkara Cheetal (Axis ri away from the site (Gazella 500 gazella 500 axis) Not known Population decline, migration benentti) 5-6 away from the site. All animals Animals migrate away from the Black buck site. (Antilope cervicapra). Animals migrate away from the Black buck site. (Antilope cervicapra). war, Bheem, Population decline, loss of water Sambar source (Cervus unicolor) war, Bheem, Migration away from the site Wild hare, 20-25 war Migration away from the site Wolf 8-10 Leopard, Sloth bear Population decline, migration Cheetal (Axis Sambar away from the site, loss of (Cervus breeding site, loss of food axis) 200 unicolor) 100 source. 100 Cheetal (Axis Sambar Population decline, loss of (Cervus breeding site, loss of food axis) 200 unicolor) source. Migration way form the site, Loss of breeding site, Loss of food source, Disease, Migration away form the site Loss of breeding site, Loss of food source Population decline, Migration Blood away form the site, Loss of pheasant, breeding site, Loss of food Red panda source, Increased threat form predators/hunters 29

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 147 RAJ/S/SIT Sambar Not known Otters Not known RAJ/S/SIT (Cervus unicolor) 148 RAJ/S/TAL RAJ/S/TAL 149 RAJ/S/TOD RAJ/S/TOD RAJ/S/TOD 150 RAJ/S/VAN RAJ/S/VAN 151 SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 30

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 147 RAJ/S/SIT RAJ/S/SIT 148 RAJ/S/TAL RAJ/S/TAL 149 RAJ/S/TOD RAJ/S/TOD RAJ/S/TOD 150 RAJ/S/VAN RAJ/S/VAN 151 SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 31

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges SIK/N/KHA PA Activity SIK/N/KHA Grazing 1970 onwards 500 Dzongri 152 SIK/S/BAR Habitation 1968 onwards 0.13 Isoka 153 SIK/S/FAM 104.00 Grazing Customary right Barsey SIK/S/FAM 51.76 Grazing Approximately NTFP 154 SIK/S/KYON collection 4 . Fambong Lho SIK/S/KYON (collection of SIK/S/KYON fuelwood) Fambong Lho SIK/S/KYON 31.00 Grazing 8 Kyongnosla 155 SIK/S/MAE Kyongnosla SIK/S/MAE O (Road) Kyongnosla SIK/S/MAE Habitation Kyongnosla Maenam 156 SIK/S/SHIN Felling Maenam Maenam SIK/S/SHIN 35.34 Grazing 11 SIK/S/SHIN NTFP SIK/S/SHIN collection 4 to 5km SIK/S/SHIN 157 TN/N/GUL Tree felling Annual 11 43.00 Landslides 11 TN/N/GUL 4 to 5 km Development 6.23 Islands, All except R projects (Road) 6.23 Islands, All except R Others (Snow, avalanches) Annual Grazing Tourism Many year 6.23 OTH-Fishing Not known OTH- Collection of corals illegally 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Satyr Barking deer Population decline, Increased Tragopan threat form predators/hunters Migration away form the site Goral Loose of food source Loss of food source, increased threat from predators/hunters. Loss of food source. Ghoral Population decline, loss of food source, migration away form the site Population decline, Migration away form the site Population decline Population Loss of food source Migration away form the site Migration away from the site, loss of food source Loss of food source Red Panda Loss of breeding site, loss of food source. Population decline Migration away from the site Ramnad Loss of food source, migration away from the site Migration away from site, loss of breeding site. Degradation, Population decline Ramnad Degradation, Population decline 32

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA 152 SIK/S/BAR 153 SIK/S/FAM SIK/S/FAM 154 SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON 155 SIK/S/MAE SIK/S/MAE SIK/S/MAE 156 SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN 157 TN/N/GUL TN/N/GUL 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 SIK/N/KHA SIK/N/KHA 152 SIK/S/BAR 153 SIK/S/FAM SIK/S/FAM 154 SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON SIK/S/KYON 155 SIK/S/MAE SIK/S/MAE SIK/S/MAE 156 SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN SIK/S/SHIN 157 TN/N/GUL TN/N/GUL 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 34

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity 158 TN/N/IND 159 TN/N/MUD Tribal activities 10 Manompolly, valpara (cultivation) 321 TN/N/MUD 958.57 inside the PA. During 1990 s 321.00 HAB Grazing TN/N/MUD Road Mas, Tep, Ker, TN/N/MUD Development 1980s 0.48 Chitrangudi TN/N/MUD Fire Yearly Every year 160 TN/S/CHI OTH- Water from tank is 161 TN/S/GRI used for TN/S/GRI 0.48 irrigation TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI 477.83 Drought Frequent 496.38 All ranges Pilgrimage 20sq.km. All ranges 162 TN/S/KAN Fir (Burning) Frequent All ranges 163 TN/S/KARI Tourism 10sq.km. All ranges 164 TN/S/POIN 165 TN/S/UDA OTH- Water Every year 1.04 All 166 TN/S/VAD from tank 167 TN/S/VALL used for Tirumdveli/Vadlan 168 TN/S/VED 1.04 irrigation 169 TN/S/VELL 0.65 Nil 25.00 No 0.44 Nil 1.28 Nil 16.41 Grazing 0.27 Nil 0.77 Nil 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Corridor disturbance resulting in man elephant conflict in surrounding area. Change of behavior of W/L and their ai migratory pattern. Elephants FMD Deer,Gaur Little with mor Population decline Monkey, Migration away from the site, Deer's, Loss of breeding site, Loss of Porcupine, food source, Loss of water Amphibians, source Snakes All species Loss of water source Pollution Small Disturabance of wildanimal animals Disturbace of pollution Migration away from the site, All birds 100% Loss of breeding site, Loss of food source, Loss of water Elephant, source. Dear, Nilgri tehr, Indian Gaur All All All All birds 100% 35

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 158 TN/N/IND 159 TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD 160 TN/S/CHI 161 TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI 162 TN/S/KAN 163 TN/S/KARI 164 TN/S/POIN 165 TN/S/UDA 166 TN/S/VAD 167 TN/S/VALL 168 TN/S/VED 169 TN/S/VELL 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 0 0 36

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 158 TN/N/IND 159 TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD TN/N/MUD 160 TN/S/CHI 161 TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI TN/S/GRI 162 TN/S/KAN 163 TN/S/KARI 164 TN/S/POIN 165 TN/S/UDA 166 TN/S/VAD 167 TN/S/VALL 168 TN/S/VED 169 TN/S/VELL 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 37

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity Every year 0.38 All 170 TN/S/VET OTH- Water 171 TRI/S/GUM from tanks used for TRI/S/GUM 0.38 irrigation 172 UP/S/BAK 389.59 Dam Entire area 173 UP/S/CHA Fire Annual 389.59 Tirthmukh UP/S/CHA Entire PA UP/S/CHA Fishing and UP/S/CHA grass 28.94 collection UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA 96.00 Dam 1957 onwards Chandraprabha Grazing 30 Chandraprabha 174 UP/S/KAI Mining 175 UP/S/KAT Grazing Chandraprabha 30 Chandra Prabha UP/S/KAT Dam 1957 Outside Chandra Prabha 176 UP/S/NAT Mining Outside Chandra Prabha From the UP/S/NAT 501.00 Grazing beginning of 60% of the PA All ranges 400.09 Saryu canal the PA 4 Entire PA 1981 400.09 Girjapuri Dam Around 1970 Not available Katarniaghat 635.00 Grazing 635 . Both ranges. Before 635 . Both ranges. Habitation notification of the PA. Before notification of the PA. 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Impact Species1 Numbers1 Species2 Numbers2 Migration away from the site, All birds 100% Loss of breeding site, Loss of Capped food source, Loss of water Binturong langur source. Chinese pangolin Barking deer Extinction, Population decline, disease, loss of breeding site, loss of food source Population decline, Migration away from the site & loss of breeding site Population decline, migration away from the site, loss of breeding site. Competition for fodder with wild Black buck, Not known herbivores. Chinkara Not available All mammals Not available Not available Not available Tiger, Leopard, Swamp deer 38

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species3 Numbers3 Species4 Numbers4 Species5 N 170 TN/S/VET Phayre's leaf Hoolock gibbon Slow loris monkey Serow 171 TRI/S/GUM Sloth bear Leopard cat (Melursus TRI/S/GUM ursinus) 172 UP/S/BAK 173 UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA 174 UP/S/KAI 175 UP/S/KAT UP/S/KAT 176 UP/S/NAT UP/S/NAT 43

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Numbers5 Species6 Numbers6 Species7 Numbers7 Species8 Numbers8 Pig tailed Stump tailed macaque macaque Himalayan Malayan giant black bear squirrel 0 0 39

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Species9 Numbers9 170 TN/S/VET 171 TRI/S/GUM TRI/S/GUM 172 UP/S/BAK 173 UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA UP/S/CHA 174 UP/S/KAI 175 UP/S/KAT UP/S/KAT 176 UP/S/NAT UP/S/NAT 44

henomenon Having an Impact on the Fauna in PAs are in square kilometers Species10 Numbers10 Remark 40

Table 1.18: Human Activities and Other Natural Ph Note: All values for area Sno PA code Area of the Years Area affected Ranges PA Activity UP/S/NAT Both ranges UP/S/NAT Development Before Both ranges 177 UP/S/OKH activities notification of 3.75 Okhla Bird Sanctuar UP/S/OKH (bridges on the PA. 3.5 . Okhla Bird Sanctuar UP/S/OKH the Chambal 2.5 . Okhla Bird Sanctuar UP/S/OKH river and Before 1 . Okhla Bird Sanctuar 178 UP/S/RAN roads running notification of 60% of the PA Manikpur (currently) 179 UP/S/SAMN through the PA. area. Markundi (in the pas UP/S/SAMN sanctuary) UP/S/SAMN Dam Before UP/S/SAMN notification of 4.00 Flood PA. Dam Before notification of Tourism PA. Others Before notification of 220.41 Grazing PA. For the last 20 years. 5.26 Habitation Before 5.2 . Saman Bird Sanctua notification of the PA in 1990. 5.26 Grazing Before 5.2 . Saman Bird Sanctua notification of the PA in 1990. Development Before 5.2 . Saman Bird Sanctua 5.26 Project notification of the PA in 1990. 5.26 Floods Before 5.2 . Saman Bird Sanctua notification of the PA in 1990. 44